Crystallization Ling Zhu /Na Li
Crystallization UCL - Bartelett School of Architecture
GAD RC6 Project tutor: Daniel Widrig Stefan Bassing Soomeen Hahm Project by:
Ling Zhu /Na Li
Content
6
1. Introduction
1
2. Concept
3
3. Material
13
4. Crystal Growth Analysis
25
5. Crystal Pattern Analysis
31
6. Web and Crystallization
41
7. Frame Analysis
67
8. Components Study
71
9. Components Aggregation
87
10. Final Rending
99
11. Device
113
12. Structure
119
13. Movability Structure
141
14. Chair and Desk
155
15. Final Proposal
177
Introduction Crystals widely exist in the nature. This report describes the formation and development of natural crystals, crystals form analysis, as well description of the aesthetic characteristics of the crystal. This project will clarify the various attempts to tap the potential of the crystal as a building material in modern architecture. Comparing of different crystals, cheap and environmentally friendly salt is chosen as the main material. The combination of different support materials with salt , developing new effects used in the performance, such as the sense of space, changing the material properties, texture and so on. Plastic is picked as it can highlight the salt crystal. Device, structure and morphology are specially designed in order to control the effect of crystallization. A specific salt area is chosen for project design and the project try to reflect the area or even the city’s personality, regional and historical context. How the crystals glow as an element of the structures, giving it a new vitality in the architectural design, making the buildings more diversified, more personalized, and more humane.
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Brief Crystallization, acts as a growth resistance, and can be seen in nature with significant aesthetic effects. As a potential use of this feature, crystallization can be used as an active growth element of the building. Our aim is to cling crystal growth to the structure so the crystal changes the appearance of the building throughout the buildings life cycle. The forces of nature, such as wind and other conditions continuously modify the topology of the building, allowing users access to different spatial experiences.
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CONCEPT - Crystallization - Mesh growth system
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CONCEPT Mesh growth system is seen in many places in nature. Like thousands of biological growth systems in nature, this shape, in fact, is the development of a shape under the fractal law, restructuring can be extended infinitely. This structure has the ability to span large spaces, save material and can withstand a lot of force.
Bacteria curtain bell shaped, a significant dictyophora indusiata grid, with polygon mesh. Light, vaulted complete.
leaf vein Regular distribution in leaves ,support leaf to extend in space. There are specific arrangements and classifications.
spider web Build nests, capturing prey, directional catchment, with a variety of forms
salt crystal Most occur in a particular environment, such as the lake or the sea with high salinity , forming a unique scene.
cocoon Rigorous structure, multi-layer stack, light and tough, hard to tear.
crystal mine Crystal mining sites, forming a unique crystal landscape.
snow cream The most common crystals in daily life, easily affected by temperature.
Crystallization by certain conditions and procedure, the crystal having a predetermined shape from a non-solid material, and to obtain its unique wonderful shape, color, surface.
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Why combine them together
Crystallization 1. The crystal climbs along the system it is attached to to form a unique morphology and surface 2. As time increases, the crystal thickens and hardens 3. Crystal climbs along to fill the gap grid, forming a dense surface 4. So a thin, linear geometry transforms to thick three-dimensional mesh system
Mesh Growing System 1. Flexible modeling 2. Maintain a certain growth law, there is the possibility of extending the growing 3. Structural stability across a large span, can withstand a lot of force 4.The web can capture falling objects. 5.Can form a complex three-dimensional system
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CONCEPT
Spider web system Spider web, one of the most common network system in nature, which is woven by the spider silk to nest and catch prey, Features: lightweight, able to cross a larger span, can withstand a certain force, can cling to something attached to the web, with the possibillity of extension and growth, the possibillity of forming a complex three-dimensional structures.
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set three points
attachment
centre emission
framed circle line
increment
centre emission
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CONCEPT
As cobwebs are able to cling to dew and catch food, so we think that this priniple can be applied to the crystal support structure. Like the spider webs use of density to control the probability of catching prey, we think that with a sufficiently dense network, there will be a possibility for larger crystals. This lightweight mesh structure can withstand a certain force.
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Lines
Webs
System
In the cystallization process, crystal will cling to the objects. By controling the size of the gap and grid, we can help shaping the crystal and increase the hardness of the crystal.
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CONCEPT
WEB REFERENCES
Venice Biennale – Making Worlds Tomas Saraceno 2008
XXXX_ transformable furniture system by yuya ushida
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CRYSTAL REFERENCES
Mineral crystals chair Tokujin Yoshioka 2013
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MATERIAL
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vwww
MATERIAL
Material Test
In order to study the characteristics of the various crystalline, crystalline regularity, crystallization conditions, we selected in daily life, the production of the more common variety of crystals, such as salt, soda, baking soda, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate. In the initial test material, we selected different kinds of pure crystalline salts which were dissolved in water. We put a thin line into the solution to observe the growth and adhesion of the crystallization solution after natural cooling.
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CH3COONa
CuSO4
FeSO4
COLOUR:
COLOUR:
COLOUR:
COLOUR:
White
White
Light blue
Light green PRICE:
NaCl
MgSO4
COLOUR: White PRICE:
PRICE:
PRICE:
PRICE:
£ 1/kg
£ 5/kg
£ 4.5/kg
£ 14/kg
£ 4/kg
COLOUR: Colourless
COLOUR: Colourless
COLOUR: Colourless
COLOUR:
COLOUR:
SOLUBILITY:
SOLUBILITY:
SOLUBILITY:
Light blue
Light green SOLUBILITY:
30℃ 32g
30℃ 38.9g
30℃ 126g
SOLUBILITY:
100℃ 40g
100℃ 50.4g
100℃ 170g
30℃ 20.7g
30℃ 60g
100℃ 55g
100℃ 71g
table salt
sadium acelate
magnesium sclphate
copper sclphate
iron sclphate
solubility
crystallization speed
hardness
adhesion
price
environmental friendliness
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MATERIAL STUDY Mixture
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MATERIAL STUDY
Main material: Table salt
Mixing material: Cardboard,Wood,Sponge,Plaster Ingredients: Water Tool used: Measuring Cup, Scales, Kettle, Stirring Rod Start temperature: 100°c
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Wood
Sponge
Cardboard
Sponge
Cardboard
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MATERIAL STUDY
How to make the crystal
Main material : table salt
tools used
Scales Exact weight of salt
measuring cup +stirring rod Accelerate salt dissolve
Kettle Hot water can help increase the solubility of the salt water, every 1000ml hot water will melt 400g salt, so when the temperature decreases, the solubility of the salt is reduced,.
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Process of making a saturated brine
Step one
Sodium chloride was selected as a base material, and then combined with different materials suchas cardboard an sponge for the crystallization experiments. Different effects of the crystallizationof sodium chloride in different materials were explored, including the crystallization rate, the size of the crystal, the pattern of crystal, and the effect on the material after crystallization. In fact, usingdifferent materials combined with sodium chloride not only affects the crystallization but also changes the nature of the material itself.
Step two
salt water finished Step three
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MATERIAL STUDY Crystallization effect
Vertical Growth
sponge +table salt
wood + table salt
Vertical Growth- Salt water flow
Horizental Growth
cloth + table salt
cardboard + table salt
plaster tube + table salt
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Comparison: When combined with salts and organic materials (such as wood, card, cloth, etc.), both salt and materials combine with each other well. Not only they crystalline on the material surface, but also crystalline in the material inside. Therefore, it has also an impact on the internal structure of the material,furthermore, it evaporates more slowly due to the absorbent quality of the material,. When combined with salt and inorganic materials (such as plastic), salt crystals appear only in the external, salt crystals can perform vein and texture better. At the same time, it is easier to dry, the evaporation will be beneficial. And when required to re-crystallization of dissolved salts, the inorganic material does not affect itself. Easy to separate the two materials then reuse them. By comparison, inorganic materials (plastics) is more conducive to reflect the characteristics of the salt, and can be reused and will not damage the material itself, so the plastic was chosen as the main structural material in the project. Cryatl texture
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CRYSTAL GROWTH ANALYSIS
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CRYSTAL GROWTH ANALYSIS
CARDBOARD + TABLE SALT
4 days
14 days
6 days
15 days
8 days
12 days
17 days
18 days
1000g 2000g 19 days
30 days
start
crystal rate[%]
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30 days
SPONGE + TABLE SALT
4 days
6 days
14 days
15 days
8 days
17 days
12 days
18 days
1000g 2000g 30 days
start
30 days
crystal rate[%]
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CRYSTAL GROWTH ANALYSIS
SPONGE CARDBOARD1 CARDBOARD2 CUPMAT
WOOD
COTTON ROPE AIR BOUNDARY
DAY 1
WATER
AIR
DAY 3
BOUNDARY WATER
AIR
DAY 6
BOUNDARY WATER AIR DAY 9
BOUNDARY WATER
AIR DAY 13
BOUNDARY WATER
FEATURE
Early slow crystallization Layer of
Particles have
Strong absorbent, Crystal on Hard to crystallize
,layer of crystals above
clear shape
crystal evenly
the boundary
crystals above the
the top
distributed
boundary
COMMONESS
1.Immersed part slow crystallization with small crystalline particles or not crystallize. 2.As time increases , the crystalline particles combine into a group. 3.From the bottom up, crystalline particles become lager.
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CRYSTAL PATTERN ANALYSIS
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CRYSTAL PATTERN ANALYSIS [Different kind of crystal process]
Absorb salt water - vertical growth
Salt water flow-vertical growth
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Absorb salt water - horizental growth
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CRYSTAL PATTERN ANALYSIS
Vertical growth (absorb salt water) Physical photos
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Digital photos depends on the absorption capacity of the object, the degree of crystallinity of each object are different, and not every corner has crystal.
a part of crystallize
top part pattern_latter
bottom part pattern_former
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CRYSTAL PATTERN ANALYSIS
Vertical growth _salt water flow Physical photo
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Digital photos
Because water is a liquid, each face from top to bottom has crystal .
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CRYSTAL PATTERN ANALYSIS Horizental growth Digital photos Growth of crystals in the horizontal direction are generally relatively thin, so the crystal will be evenly distributed on the object
perspective view
Physical photo
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top view
The effects by different flow directions of the crystal formation By controlling the flow direction of oversaturated sodium chloride solution thatwas lowing through the material, the effects of different flow direction generated crystals wereexplored. Saturated sodium chloride solution flowdirection was divided into three types, asfollows: a) Vertical direction - from the bottom up Objects to be placed in oversaturated sodium chloride solution, so that the object absorbs the solution according to siphon principle. Features: The part of the crystal exposed to the air had a cube shape with the crystal gradually increasing in size from bottom to top. But there is a limit in the absorption capacity, avoiding significant crystallization formation.The immersed part in the solution was hardly crystallized. b) Vertical - from the top down Suspending the object in a device, with the oversaturated sodium chloride solution poured from the top. Features: Evenly crystal, covering the complete object, crystallization patterns can exhibit major solution flow direction. c) Horizontal This is achieved by placing the object horizontally in oversaturated sodium chloride solution. The object had a large contact area with solution. Features: Objects uniformly crystallized, but only crystallization on the surface exposed to air. Comparison: By comparison, the water poured down from top to the bottom (vertical) can get better crystallization effects and artistic expression, so this method was chosen as the project major crystallization techniques.
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION
WEB GENERATION By adjusting different parameters, we tried to obtain different density and morphology of the web, thereby controlling the generation of the crystal at the surface. And by setting the key points to guide the crystallization in different regions of the surface to form the focus of aggregation effect. EVENLY CENTRIPETAL CENTRIFUGAL ECCENTRICALLY
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION EVENLY CUTOFF DISTANCE : 0.4 SPEED : 5 RATE : 300 FRAME : 180
FRAME 20
FRAME 80
FRAME 140
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FRAME 40
FRAME 100
FRAME 160
FRAME 60
FRAME 120
FRAME 180
EVENLY CUTOFF DISTANCE : 0.6 SPEED : 5 RATE : 300 FRAME : 180
FRAME 20
FRAME 40
FRAME 80
FRAME 100
FRAME 140
FRAME 160
FRAME 60
FRAME 120
FRAME 180
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION EVENLY CUTOFF DISTANCE : 0.8 SPEED : 5 RATE : 300 FRAME : 180
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FRAME 20
FRAME 40
FRAME 80
FRAME 100
FRAME 140
FRAME 160
FRAME 60
FRAME 120
FRAME 180
ECCENTRICAL
FORCE : 0.1
CUTOFF DISTANCE : 0.5 SPEED : 5 RATE : 300 FRAME : 180
FRAME 20
FRAME 40
FRAME 80
FRAME 100
FRAME 140
FRAME 160
FRAME 60
FRAME 120
FRAME 180
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION CENTRIPETAL
FORCE : 0.1
CUTOFF DISTANCE : 0.5 SPEED : 5 RATE : 300 FRAME : 180
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FRAME 20
FRAME 40
FRAME 60
FRAME 80
FRAME 100
FRAME 120
FRAME 140
FRAME 160
FRAME 180
CENTRIFUGAL
FORCE : 0.1
CUTOFF DISTANCE : 0.5 SPEED : 5 RATE : 300 FRAME : 180
FRAME 20
FRAME 40
FRAME 60
FRAME 80
FRAME 100
FRAME 120
FRAME 140
FRAME 160
FRAME 180
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION
COLOURS
CRYSTAL RATE
Web growing system - how to help thecrystal shaping better Spider web is one of the most commonnetwork systems in the nature, woven by spider silk to make nests and catch prey. As the spider webs are able to cling to dew and catch food, this system is capable of carrying the weight and the pressure and maintains equilibrium. This principle also can be applied to the crystal support structure and maintain a certain shape and styling. Like the spider webs use the density to control the probability of catching prey, there will be a possibility to form a crystal with a certain weight on the premise of a sufficiently dense network. In the crystallization process, the crystal is attached to the web structure. By performingexperiments, it has been found that by controlling the gap and the size of the grid, it can help shaping crystals and increase the thickness of the crystal.
Most crystal structure is highly ionically bonded. Crystal adheres to the surface of the object. The crystal seed helps to form crystal. So, after the first step, when the crystal seed occurs, the crystal speed will increse.
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Crystallization methods Generally, there are two types of crystallization methods, one is cooling crystallization technology, and theother is evaporation crystallization technology.The principle of the cooling crystallization is when temperature decreases , the solubility of the material is reduced, the solution has reached saturation, the excess solute that is not dissolved will be precipitated. The principle of evaporative crystallization or evaporation is the case before and after the temperature constant, the solubility constant, water reduction, i.e., a saturated solution of excess solute will precipitate. The project took a combination of the two methods. First, the use of pre- cooling crystallization by controlling temperature of the solvent, Secondly, the keeping of constant temperature, more crystals formed by evaporation crystallization.
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION [Physics experiments]
Unidirectional
Bidirectional
Unidirectional web
Bidirectional
Unidirectional web Bidirectional
web
web
Interval:
web
Interval:
web
Interval:
Spacing :
10mm
Spacing :
15mm
Spacing :
5mm
5mm*5mm
10mm*10mm
15mm*15mm
1 hour later
CRYSTAL RATE WEB
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2 hours later
CRYSTAL RATE
WEB
4 hours later
CRYSTAL RATE
WEB
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION [Physics experiments]
before
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after
CONCLUSION In this experiment, we can see that the more dense lines crystallize more easily. The grid lines will be easier to form a face. And all lines will form crystals.
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION
56 54
55 57
WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION
Further research
On the basis of experiments on the web plane, we conducted further research on how crystallization happened on the three-dimensional web. According to our design, we weave two different densities of components. By immersing these two components into solution, we compare the results of crystallization after a period of time.
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Experiment Description Material:Magnesium Sulphate Solvent:Water Dosage:13kg Starting temperature:100℃ Ending temperature:28℃
The main steps : 1 configure supersaturated solution of magnesium sulfate. 2 Use hot water to improve the solubility, stirrring the solution to accelerate dissolution. 3. Immerse the component in the solution. When the solution temperature decreases, the crystalline precipitates in lines to generate the surface. 4. Every 2 hours remove to make the recording .
Sparse web
Dense web
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION Experimental process
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION
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WEB AND CRYSTALLIZATION [Comparation]
BEFORE
AFTER
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Conlusion: Dense grid is more easily crystallized than a sparse grid, also easier to form a crystal surface covering the gap. Both compoments preliminary crystallization is slow. But after a critical point, the crystallization speeds up, for a rapid formation of crytals.
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FRAME ANALYSIS
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FRAME ANALYSIS
Frame research -stick This is our first attempt of the frame, it is used to simulate the spiders selected point. As mentioned earlier, the spider will select a point to the same space within the weaving plane, so that the frame is used to simulate this principle with the sticks simultaing branches.
web system
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making process
after crystallization,a small wooden stick can not be removed, otherwise it will destroy the crystals.
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FRAME ANALYSIS
Frame research -grid As the small sticks can not be moved, we used a grid to create points, in this way we solved the problem of not being able to move the support. But the fishing line can be moved by the force, so the location of the point is not fixed
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FRAME ANALYSIS Frame research -box This is our basic frame, with this box, we can create a precise connection point, re-use components, stitching and stretching our basic frame to create more possibilities for our components.
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component connected components
frame connected components : for stretch and aggregation
Reusable sticks, together with the frame connected components can be used to stretch or aggregation.
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FRAME ANALYSIS
two framescombine together
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Frame research -box This is our final frame,each face has nine positions to accurately connect each component. Not only can the inside of the frame be reused, but it can also be stretched and assembled into different shapes.
connection component
composition
basic connect
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COMPONENTS STUDY
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COMPONENTS STUDY
a
b
c
d
f
e
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basic box
aggregation box
This is the basic box, this box is the basic body. Each face has nine connection points. We can use this box to create the basic body shapes, and the branches' angles with the basic geometry of the frames also being different. Of course, with the use of this basic frame, we can re-transform the component, such as the superposition of the basic body, or change the size of the basic body, in order to achieve diversity in the components on the form, and this combination will also reduce the linking point, thereby increasing the smo-othness of the components. z
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COMPONENTS STUDY
points in surface selected points central points
components making Like the spider webs, choice of a different point in space, then connection to the midpoint of each point of space. Our basic components also use this principle, the choice of site from all sides, creating a middle point, thus forming a shape of different components.
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one ring perpendicular component
component
component
component
component
component
component
component
multi-angle components
component
perpendicular + multi-angle component
component
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COMPONENTS STUDY Multi-ring perpendicular component
perpendicular and multi-angle components
component
component
component
component
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component
component
component
component
component
component
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COMPONENTS STUDY
Stretch component
one stretch component
double
two central point
two basic boxes create a different size and shape component
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conclusion By selecting different control points on the surface, we can obtain different forms of the component.
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COMPONENTS AGGREGATION
87
COMPONENTS AGGREGATION
components aggregation
86
basic components connection
basic component
bigger component
aggregation frame
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COMPONENTS AGGREGATION cluster perpendicular components aggregation(same size components)
only produce a 90 degree angle aggregation
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90
perpendicular + multi-angle aggregation(same size components)
each of the component could connection withmulti-angle
only produce a 90 degree angle aggregation
90
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COMPONENTS AGGREGATION
perpendicular components aggregation
more connection points can be selected only produce a 90 degree angle aggregation
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conclusion We can change the number and stitching direction of the external frame, then design the combinations of the components to create the cluster with different size and shape .
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COMPONENTS AGGREGATION
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COMPONENTS COMPONENTS AGGREGATION AGGREGATION
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TERM TWO FINAL RENDING
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TERM TWO FINAL RENDING
Introduction: Around the world, there are many salt lakes and salt marshes. Their high salinity and unique crystallization phenomenon has attracted thousands of tourists, which has become a unique landscape. Interested in how to use this crystallization phenomenon effectively to develop the potential for its use in an artificial landscape, we conducted a study for this project.
Dead Sea Coordinates:31°30'N 35°30'E
Chott El Jerid Coordinates: 33.7°N 8.43°E
Lake Retba Coordinates: 14°50'N 17°14'W
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TERM TWO FINAL RENDING
Great Salt Lake Coordinates: 41°10'N 112°35'W Location :United States Type: Endorheic, hypersaline Main substance: sodium chloride (common salt), potassium sulfate , magnesium-chloride Salinity: 27% Annual rainfall: 419 mm Average temperature: 12°c (annual)
Caka salt lake Coordinates: 96 °14 'E, 36 °37'N Location : China Main substance :Magnesium, sodium, lithium, boron, iodine and other minerals Salinity: More than 24.7 ‰ Annual precipitation: 25mm
Salar de Uyuni Coordinates: 20°08'S, 67°29'W Location :Bolivia Main substance: Sodium chloride , lithium chloride and magnesium chloride Salinity: 27% Rainfall: 1 to 3 millimeters per month Average temperature: a peak at 21 °C in November to January and a low of 13 °C in June Features: the world's largest salt flat
Dead Sea Coordinates:31°30'N 35°30'E Type: Endorheic, Hypersaline Main substance : sulfur, magnesium, potassium, chlorine, bromine; full bottom and sodium chloride. Salinity: the upper salinity less than 300 ‰, rich in sulfates and bicarbonates. Bottom salinity 332 ‰ . Annual precipitation: less than 50 mm Average temperature: 32 and 39°c(summer) Caspian Sea Coordinates: 41°40'N50°40'E type:endorheic ,saline main subtaance:sulfate,calcium and magnesium is higher,chloride is lower salinity:12.8% annual rainfall:200~1700mm average temperature:24~26 °C
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Conclusion: These areas have a common characteristic: low rainfall, dry climate, the mainway out of the water is evaporation, high salt content, the chemical composition of the complex salt is not simple. These natural conditions are very conducive to precipitation and forming crystals.
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TERM TWO FINAL RENDING Shelter
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TERM TWO FINAL RENDING Landscape
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TERM TFINAL RENDING Landscape
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TERM TWO FINAL RENDING Landscape
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DEVICE - Water circulation system - Shaped frame - Water outlet - Air supply system
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DEVICE [Fabrication Testing]
Salt water flow
Water distribution
Force frame
Pump
Tank
Shapping Process
Preparation of salt water
114
Water supply
Hanging object
Shapped by frame and keep watering
Dry
Molding
Water Outlet
Through different pattern of the holes, we can change the water flow, then change the pattern of the salt crystal .
TOOLS
Fan Air supply
Thermometer Temperature control
Tank Storage salt water
Force frame Hanging and shapping the object
Pump Provide circulating water
Sprinkler head Pros: The solution is sprayed onto the surface evenly Cons: when is momentum insufficient, can not form a uniform spray; when momentum is too large, the crystal which has been formed will be washed
Micro drip Pros: continuous supply solution, small momentum, the water can be adjusted Cons: limited water area
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DEVICE [Fabrication Testing]
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STRUCTURE - Control pattern - Physical test - Gradient of the form
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STRUCTURE [Distribution principle]
Controlling Growth Patterns
Rivers branch point
Based on the principles ofriver branch to design the shape of the the object, and thus play a role in guiding the flow of salt water.Because of the gravity and topographical conditions, the water flow will be distributed both horizontally and vertically. So we can use this principle to create and change the water flow on the object, also we can change the crystallization pattern.
Turning point Water flow
Use the object’s shape and gravity to control the crystallization growth pattern
River diversion in general will help distribute the water. The idea of an alluvial fan was applied, using a normal logic that distributed water throughout the whole design, in the shape of branches that are flowing down. Water is automatically adjusted, following the principle of least resistance, when a stream of water across the bifurcation point, resistance is generated automatically creating a bifurcated flow. This form can be applied to the project design, guiding the flow of salt water.
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Controlling Growth Patterns
Basic structure One
Basic structure two
Three Dimensional soft components use soft tube to make the effect of direct water flow.
Three Dimensional solid structure use acrylic to leaser cut the curve shape and connection point . the shape has the same effect of the basic structure one .
CLUSTER
CLUSTER
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STRUCTURE [Physical test]
Tubular prototype
Material: Acrylic circular tube Node: Hollow cylindrical, form intertwined effects Advantages: Round vertical pipe shed in favor of saline can create better and more uniform crystals on the surface, while at the intersection to form a denser effect. It can be bent . Crystal is uniform. Disadvantages: can only reach the bending effect, difficult to form a broken line. Meanwhile curvature difficult to control so it can't form regular mesh effect.
Process
122
Crystallization Effect
Detail
123 123
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STRUCTURE [Physical test]
Making Process
Skeleton Structure Crystal
Aggregation
Transformation
Solid Saterial (Acrylic)
Skeleton Structure
Aggregation Strutch Frozen
Soft Saterial (PETG)
Frame Frozen shape
Mesh prototype This prototype was applied to obtain more regular, precise three dimensional mesh effects, combining the basic component to obtain the second prototype. Material: acrylic board Node: different directions nodes with basic sheet. A more systematic structure and morphology can be get.Advantages: morphological rules, there are certain laws of superposition, the effect of different combinations can be formed. After aggregation, brick monomer can get , more square, easy splicing combinations. This morphology also complies with the principles of distribution. Only drip from a single point and many bottom points will be covered. Therefore, a good artistic effect can happen, just like the transformation process of the crystals. Disadvantages: Due to material characteristics, it is difficult to bend, rotate, etc. It is too regular and lack of change.
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STRUCTURE [Physical test] Regular Curve
Irregular Curve
Hard Mesh prototype
Material : acrylic
Connection Components
CLUSTER
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Effect of splicing By using different angles connection components and different numbers of basic curve to achive a variety of performance results.
Cluster Show
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Crystallization Effect
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Transformation Effect
130 130
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STRUCTURE [Physical test]
Brick Structure By splicing sheets and components, the type of clusters can be formed of the bricks. This brick form is the most basic form which is stable and sturdy. At the same time, due to similarities between the mutually, they can stitching combination very well. Just as the very famous electronic games, Tetris, which can get a variety of combinations of multiple splicing performance results. 3D bricks, by rotating and occlusion, not only the challenge increase, but also the stability enhance. Because the interconnection of the basic shape forming a plurality of control points, it helps the water flow diversion. By forming the structure to help the flow diversion, the model can be obtained gradient effects of crystallization.
Bricks
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Physical model
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Crystallization Effect and Transformation
This part just at the same level of the watering point, but no crystal.
134 134
The water flow just start from one point, because of the distribution effect, the water could reach most part of the object.
This bottom part could achieve more salt water from different direction, so it become thicker.
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Crystallization Effect and Transformation
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Crystallization Effect and Transformation
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MOVABILITY STRUCTURE - Connection - Physical test - Flexibility and Movability - Frozen
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MOVABILITY STRUCTURE [Physical test]
Basic components
Three direction(T) :Not flexible
Four direction(X) : easy to control angel,Not flexible
One direction(I) :most flexible
Possibility of Deformation
Process
According the principle of fan, using a fixed point fixed several single sheets to make a basic component. These single sheet can move freely and flexibly. The fan-shaped components not only can be opened flexible, formed various angles, but also can be gathered to save space. The axial open smoothly and durable. The fan-shaped components stitching each other to form a rhombic combinations. As the shape of the rhombic can be easily deformable, the effect of a variety of angles can be formed with little limitation. Cable Ties
Singe Components
Individual Components making
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Movability Mesh Prototype
In order to combine the advantages of the former two kinds of prototypes, a third prototype was produced. Material: PETG Node: By reserving holes, flexible combination superposition Advantages: The material has some hardness, but also can be bended, twisted and deformed. After aggregation, a flexible deformation can be formed in combination of cluster. By different forces, the shape of the base model can be changed .
Connection Point
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MOVABILITY STRUCTURE [Cluster Horizental Deformation]
Horizental Deformation
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90°
Parallelogram principle that each single components can freely change the angle (from 0 to 180 degrees), so we use cable ties as a axis center, so that the shape of each of the monomers can be changed.
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MOVABILITY STRUCTURE [Cluster Horizental Deformation]
Horizental Deformation
DEFORMATION ONE
Less than 60 degrees
TOP VIEW
360 Small angle
Axis
Axis
Using cable ties as the axis, so that single components can reach 360 degree rotation. So as to achieve more shapes. PERSPECTIVE VIEW
DEFORMATION TWO Axis
TOP VIEW
Less than 60 degrees
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
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DEFORMATION THREE
Less than 90 degrees,
Axis
biger than 60 degrees
TOP VIEW
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
DEFORMATION FOUR
TOP VIEW
Axis Less than 90 degrees, biger than 60 degrees PERSPECTIVE VIEW
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MOVABILITY STRUCTURE [Cluster Horizental Deformation]
Horizental Deformation
DEFORMATION FIVE Less than 90 degrees,
Axis
biger than 60 degrees
TOP VIEW
Axis
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
DEFORMATION SIX
TOP VIEW
Biger than 90 degrees
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
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Axis
Transformation
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MOVABILITY STRUCTURE [Cluster Verticle Deformation]
Possibility of Deformation By giving force, make the component cluster change the shape in the vertical direction, resulting in stretching, rotation, distortion and other effects. By different magnitude and the different direction of the force t achieve different result and a variety of forms.
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Verticle Deformation type - Rotation
Force Direction
Verticle Deformation type - Multi- force (Stretch)
Force Direction
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MOVABILITY STRUCTURE [Cluster Verticle Deformation]
Verticle Deformation type - Stretch
Force Direction
Verticle Deformation type - Stretch
Force Direction
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Verticle Deformation type - Stretch
Force Direction
Verticle Deformation type - Stretch
Force Direction
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FURNITURE - Chair - Installation - Table
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FURNITURE [Chair]
Use of flexible plastic material (PETG ) to make basic components, after twist, rotation and stretch and other methods to make the basic form. After crystallization, The shape is be frozen
Before Crystal : Basic Structure Angel A
Angel B
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After Crystal : Frozen Shape Angel A
Angel C
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FURNITURE [Chair]
Structure
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Crystallization
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FURNITURE [Chair]
Chair making process
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FURNITURE [Chair]
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FURNITURE [Chair]
Process After the passage of time, the salt crystals gradually grow. Forming a unique texture and surface on the structure. The thickness is gradually increased while the hardness also will enhance. It helps to form and freeze the shape of the structure. The following pictures show the process of the crystal growth.
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FURNITURE [Chair]
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FURNITURE [Chair]
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FURNITURE [Installation]
Installation Combine the device and the structure together, not only show the object, but also show the process of salt crystallization. People can see how the salt crystal grow on the structure.
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FURNITURE [Table]
Table Structure To achieve a bigger size of furniture piece, a tea table was made.Shape the cluster of components, and give some force to keep the stanning modelling. Then set up the device, run the recirculate water system,the salt will keep crystal on the structure. After salt crystallization, this tea table will become thicker and stronger. At that time, the frame will be removed, and the tea table could be stand by itself.
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FURNITURE [Table]
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FINAL PROPOSAL - Discussion - Proposal
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FINAL PROPOSAL
Discussion For function area, the previous project mainly from an aesthetic point of view to play a role in crystallization. However, in this project, in addition to aesthetics, the salt has also play a role of generating form and reinforcing structure . As the furniture piece shown in this project, the crystallization brings hardness to the structure which not only generate the form ,but also reinforce the structure. It is obvious that salt crystallization fabrication is feasible which can be used in design area, such as sofa, stools ,and resting space. By controlling the density of internal support system or by controlling the water flow, the project can control the crystal effects and create otherworldly aesthetics effects. Previous research projects are more limited. They did not combine salt crystals and natural environment together, but rather as art works or sculpture. This project chooses the specific area such as Dead Sea, Salt Lake to create some interesting design. In this way, project can get free crystalline material and keep providing a salt water. The project try to combine crystal project and natural together. The unique idea is like 'graft'. The preset structure is placed in these specific area .After crystallization, the structure will be merged into the environment and become a gorgeous landscape. The natural environmental factors just like temperature and wind also can help the crystallization. Actually, this project has limitation because it can only carry out in area with certain conditions, such as Salt Lake or the Dead Sea. Meanwhile, it reflects the area or even the city's personality.
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SITE ANALYSIS
Dead Sea Coordinates:31°30'N 35°30'E Type: Endorheic, Hypersaline Main substance : sulfur, magnesium, potassium, chlorine, bromine; full bottom and sodium chloride. Salinity: the upper salinity less than 300 ‰, rich in sulfates and bicarbonates. Bottom salinity 332 ‰ . Annual precipitation: less than 50 mm Average temperature: 32 and 39 ℃(summer)
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FINAL PROPOSAL
Beach Road Hotel area Parking
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FINAL PROPOSAL
Site Beach Hotel area Parking area Green zone Mountain areas Main road
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FINAL PROPOSAL
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FINAL PROPOSAL
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Salt crystals Experience Center Currently the crystals in these areas are naturally formed. By designing the initial structure, forming the special space, and then place these structures in these specific environment, through some artificial means (e.g., pre-soaked, flow control) to guide the growth of crystals clinging to the preset architecturally, forming a unique ornamental landscape. Due to the existing landscape, the occurrence of crystallization is spontaneous without certain organization. The major opportunity for these formations of crystals is high tide. The water rises to the surface of the rock soaking it in brine , bringing the dissolved salt to the surface ,then strong sunshine will rapidly evaporate the moisture , salt will condense and pile up, thereby forming different shapes of crystal. It seems that these crystals have a large area , scalability, but they are mainly on the surface or covered in some rocks and it does not allow people to walk through which means it can’t offer full three -dimensional experience with crystal .Designing the guiding walking path and unique internal structure will provide multidimensional experience of space. The goal was to make it the infrastructure design close to the regional natural style and close to the original natural system, by collecting information on the region, seeking the best position of the insertion, to get the best results in harmony with the environment. There is a possibility to create a unique and interesting pavilion or landscape design for their site, based on people behavior, local growth logic and physical behavior. They are conceived from geometric nonlinearity. They have the structure, space and other necessary qualities. Structures will be previously treated by artificial means, and then slowly crystallization in the evaporation process occurs over a long term. The crystals keep growing, from less to more, from thin to thick; the observer can enjoy the whole process of crystal growth. Crystal growth process also changes the appearance of the structure and makes the space more interesting as some original walk path may be hindered due to the thickening of the crystals. Actually crystallization is not a unidirectional growth, but reversible. Because of the influence of wind, water and other factors, crystal can be re-dissolved or eroded. This would produce certain changes in the crystals appearance and help to form more diverse and worth watching manifestations while maintaining vitality and change, rather than being static
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Salt crystals Experience Center
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Salt crystals Experience Center
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Salt crystals Experience Center
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Salt crystals Experience Center
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Salt crystals Experience Center
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Pavilion
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Pavilion
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Crystallization Cantilever
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