INCREASE Wonderlab: Research Cluster 6, 2014-2015 Graduate Architectural Design
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
1 INITIAL RESEARCH 1.1 Reference 1.2 Initial Test 1.3 Folding Element 1.4 Connection Method 1.5 Cluster Study
2 DESIGN PROTOTYPE
3 MATERIAL STUDY
4 GROWTH LOGIC
5 FURTHER PROPOSAL
2.1 Stool Prototype 2.2 Chair Prototype 2.3 Physical Connection Prototpye 2.4 Column Prototype 2.5 Pavilion Prototype
3.1 Material Test 3.2 Paper Test 3.3 Paper Mixtures 3.4 Paper Pulp 3.5 Folding to Casting
4.1 Linear Growth 4.2 Chair Design 4.3 Table Design 4.4 Pavilion Design 4.5 Shelter Design
5.1 Site Analysis 5.2 Outdoor Theatre & Meeting Point Design
WONDERLAB: RESEARCH CLUSTER 6, DANIEL WIDRIG, STEFAN BASSING, SOOMEEN HAHM INCREASE: CHAO ZHENG, CHANGCHEN WEI, CHAO-FU YEH, JINLIANG WANG
INCREASE Chao Zheng, Chao-fu Yeh, Changchen Wei, Jinliang Wang
The project, Increase, was oriented by the materiality of paper and the initial prototypes created by folding technique. We investigated different possibilities of paper, which includes materiality and formation ability. The characteristics of the paper are fascinating. The paper is a material that is cheap, easy to get and can be formed into many different things. Once you fold a sheet, the structure of the paper will be much stronger than it was. Folding paper is used more for art crafts rather than for real building scale structure. Moreover, the paper is recyclable. Human beings waste 85 billion kg paper every year. It would be interesting if we utilize the recycled paper such as newspapers, paper boxes, and other paper products and made it constructible and recyclable. We could save a lot of construction energy and sequestrate carbon in a solid status. The paper can be constructed easily, can be massive production, and the formation from the paper can be various., As architectural material, paper was only
widely used in Shigeru Ban’s architecture pieces in the form of laminated paper tube. These tubes are more like the replacement of concrete or steel columns and beams rather than developing a material system based on the probably most important figure of paper, which is easily foldable. Crease which created by the folding process suggests a continuous formation language. We folded three pieces paper as a component as our design seed. Our project abstracted the folded components into single modular and trying to investigate the aggregation logic which adapts to the crease and component outline. Our system applied to our design with 2 main generation logic. We developed the system by the function of spaces. Different space programme needs different generation method to meet the space requirements. To sum up, this project is to research how morphogenesis could be applied during the design process when considering material performance and optimization in form generation.
1
Initial Research Reference, Initial Test, Folding Element, Connection Method, Cluster Study
INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Reference
Faceture Vase by Cuttance / 2012
The faceture series consists of handmade faceted vessels, light-shades and table. Each object is produced individually by casting resin into a simple handmade mould. The mould is then manually manipulated to create the each object's form before each casting, making every piece utterly unique.
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Reference
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Reference
Paper Pulp Helmet by Bobby Petersen, Tom Gottelier and Edward Thomas / 2013
A low cost, recyclable, bicycle helmet for use in conjunction with the London Bicycle Hire Scheme. Manufactured from waste newspapers that circulate the London transport network. Newspapers are collected and blended with water to create a pulp. No bleaching or adhesive is added although an organic and food safe additive is also combined that ensures the helmets water resistance for up to 6 hours of rain. Natural pigments to communicate helmet size is also added.
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Reference
Pulp Pavilion by Ball-Nogues Studio / 2015
Ball-Nogues Studio created a sinuous orange and purple pavilion that towered over music fans at this year's Coachella music festival by blasting pigmented paper pulp over a string structure. The spindly latticed structures were created by weaving over 2,200 metres of twine around formwork, then air blasting this material with over a tonne of orange-pigmented paper pulp. Once dry, the rigid components were clustered together to create a structure with a scalloped roof edge.
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Initial Test
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Initial Test
Folding is a good way of generating surface forms. In the initial research of folding technique, the most interesting thing is the outcome of the folded crease pattern. These pattern either enhance the load bearing ability or make the surface unique and delicate. One of the exercises is to figure out how the crease and form produced by folding could be kept. Some casting tests were done in term 1 and some interesting moments happened in this experiment.
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Initial Test
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Initial Test
After the first several attempts to fold and to cast, structure and formation failure happened all the way. The failure can be concluded into three points. 1. Folding is a continuous form language, while the folding will not be continuous due to the limitation of the folding material. 2. Folding pattern complex and lack of regularity. This makes the component hard to connect with each other, resulting in the formation always limited in a very small and simple scale. Connection method is important in aggregation. 3. The material was used to cast is not even relavant to the paper itself. Whether it is possible to ‘cast’ the outcome by the paper or some other status of paper came into question.
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Folding Element
one pattern many forms
This project started with exploring the potential of the relationship of folding and patterns. Paper folding is based on crease patterns, without these creases it cannot called folding. At the begging, the folding shape is a circle. These circles were subdivided to several frequencies. Followed by, one-frequency circle and eight-frequency patterns were utilized to different ways. Due to structural and formational reasons, this project became a component based aggregative design. Material system will be introduced as an indispensable part of the project. The next phase will involve fractal concept in the project. At the end of the part, formation generation will be applied to the design. This project investigated a circle as an initial research of pattern and folding. Followed by the experiment, this project focused on one frequency and eight frequency patterns. The frequencies of the circle mean the different subdividing results. Higher frequency pattern has more potential to fold a delicate formation. Eight frequency patterns were utilized to find a proper form as a prototype. Because of eight-frequency pattern was subdivided to many regular triangles, these objects folded by the patterns have potential to connect or interlock together. There are 85 intersection points in the pattern. It means there has 7140 constrained relationships between these points. With the patterned sheet on hands people could create various spatial movements into a 3 dimension object. circle
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one frequency
INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
two frequency
Folding Element
four frequency
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eight frequency
INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Folding Element
folding element a
folding element b
folding element c
folding element d
folding element e
folding element f
folding element g
folding element h
folding element i
folding element j
folding element k
folding element l
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease
Folding Element
folding element m
folding element n
folding element o
folding element p
folding element q
folding element r
folding element s
folding element t
folding element u
folding element v
folding element w
folding element x
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease component
Connection Method
*1
tetrahedron layer
connection method a
*2
component layer
face to face
tetrahedron layer
component layer
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease connection method b
*2
Connection Method
face to face
tetrahedron layer
connection method c
*2
component layer
point to point
tetrahedron layer
component layer
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease cluster a
*3
*3
Cluster Study
face to face
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
face to face
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease cluster b
*3
*6
Cluster Study
crease to face face to face
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
crease to face
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease cluster c
*3
Cluster Study
crease to crease
tetrahedron layer
*4
component layer
*2 point to point
tetrahedron layer
component layer
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease cluster d
*4
*3
Cluster Study
face to face
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
face to face
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease cluster e
*3
*4
Cluster Study
crease to crease
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
point to point
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INITIAL RESEARCH inCrease cluster f
*32
Cluster Study
crease to crease
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
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2
Design Prototype Stool Prototype, Chair Prototype, Physical Connection Prototype, Column Prototype, Pavilion Prototype
DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Stool Prototype
perspective view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Stool Prototype
front view
side view
top view
bottom view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Stool Prototype
perspective view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Stool Prototype
top view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Stool Prototype
Stool Prototype B
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Stool Prototype
perspective view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Stool Prototype
This bench only utilized one size components. Moreover, the cross-connection in this piece was also as the sitting area. To the leg of the bench, it used face to face with rotation connection method. This bench took 19 components to build.
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Stool Prototype
front view
side view
back view
top view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
Chair Prototype A
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
perspective view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
In this chair, the smallest component was fill in the sitting area for comfortable and flat sitting. The middle components were the main structure of the sitting part and connected with the cross-connection. The biggest components connected with face to face with rotation as the leg and backrest. This chair was took 90 components to build.
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
front view
side view
back view
top view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
Chair Prototype B
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
perspective view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
The small components comprised the core of this lattice chair. The medium components connected as a shell of the core. The connection method is point to point. In real world, it is the weakest connection method. This chair took 61 components.
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
front view
side view
back view
top view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
tetrahedron layer
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
component layer
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
front view
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
back view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
front view
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
back view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
tetrahedron layer
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
component layer
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
front view
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
back view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
front view
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
back view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Physical Connection Prototype
I n t h i s s te p we t r i e d s eve r a l c o m p o n e n t a n d connection method by totally folded pieces. These pieces provide mutipal options for us to have more design freedom.
connection test 1
connection test 2
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Physical Connection Prototype
This model shows lattice connections between different components. This method is easy to form a space. The disadventage is too fragile as a structure in our design.
lattice connection test 1
lattice connection test 2
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Physical Connection Prototype
This step tried three-connetion cluster tetrahedrons, with can create random formation but structral reasonable.
cluster connection test 2
cluster connection test 1
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Physical Connection Prototype
Fractal concept introduced to the project. Different scale components were connected to represent fractal formation.
cluster connection test 1
cluster connection test 2
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Physical Connection Prototype
Cross-connection is connected line to line. the connection method provides the potential of rotation. Arranging in group with tetrahedrons this connetion can provide 45 and 60 degrees rotaions.
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Physical Connection Prototype
This piece combined fractal and cross-connection method. Different scale components connected together and showed potential of rotations.
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Physical Connection Prototype
Process of chair fabrication. During the fabrication, there were several beautiful moments of the chair.
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Physical Connection Prototype
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INITIAL STUDY DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease inCrease
Chair Prototype
front view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
side view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
back view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
top view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
seed component
grow to first boundry
grow to second boundry
grow to final boundry (stoped)
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
secondary layer growth
final object
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third layer growth
DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
side view
tetrahedron layer
component layer
tetrahedron layer
component layer
top view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
perspective view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
chair 1 prototype
Chair 2 shrink down and simplify
chair 3 hard-core amplify tetrahedron
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
chair 4 armrest
chair 5 focus on backrest asymmetry test 1
chair 6 focus on backrest asymmetry test 2
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
chair design experiment In this step, we utilized cross-connected method to design our chairs. Due to the cross-connections is the strongest connection method for our project. Moreover, the cross-connections provide flat surfaces for sitting and backrest.
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
The length of middle size component is 14.5cm. The funtion of this component is to be the main structre of the chair. It takes 271 components as the main part of the chair.
The length of small size component is 7.25cm. The funtion of this component is to support and reinforce the main structure. It also helps to shape the delicate part of the chair. It takes 304 components as the secondary part of the chair.
The length of big size component is 29cm. The funtion of this component is to be the base and filling spaces. It takes 5 components as the base part of the chair.
There are 580 components composed this chair. The hight of sitting area is 42cm, width is 61cm, and depth is 41cm.
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
back view
side view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Chair Prototype
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Column Prototype
tetrahedron layer
column a
column b
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Column Prototype
component layer
column a
column b
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
walkway path
Column Prototype
light penetration
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selected final pavilion
DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Column Prototype
n = 106 step = 003 second & third layer iteration
final aggregation complex (with components shown) n = 053 step = 003 first layer iteration
final aggregation complex
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Pavilion Prototype
side
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Pavilion Prototype
view
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Pavilion Prototype
top v
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DESIGN PROTOTYPE inCrease
Pavilion Prototype
view
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3
Material Study Material Test, Paper Test, Paper Mixtures, Paper Pulp, Folding to Casting
MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
material test
We utilize same component by different materials to find the best mixture. Including Kraftpaper, 170gam Cartridge Paper, 300gam paper sheet, 35mic pp plastic paper, and 540mic card board.
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
paper test
170gam cartridge paper
300gam paper sheet
540mic card board
35mic pp plastic paper
pulp mixture
strength manufacturing time lightness
paper test
kraftpaper
strength manufacturing time lightness
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
paper mixtures
170gam cartridge paper
170gam cartridge paper + gorilla glue
170gam cartridge paper + paraffin wax
170gam cartridge paper + microcrystalline wax
170gam cartridge paper + varnish oil
170gam cartridge paper + polyurethane casting resin
curing time strenght toxicity
mixtures
curing time strenght toxicity
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
paper mixtures
170gam cartridge paper
170gam cartridge paper + polyurethane casting resin
170gam cartridge paper pcr / cement / pva / pulp
170gam cartridge paper pcr / plaster / pva / pulp
curing time strenght toxicity
mixtures
curing time strenght toxicity
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170gam cartridge paper + polyurethane casting resin / pulp
MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
paper mixtures
kraftpaper
paper mixtures
kraftpaper paper
kraftpaper paper + polyurethane casting resin
300gam paper sheet
kraftpaper paper microcrystalline wax
kraftpaper paper + pcr / plaster / pva / pulp
300gam paper sheet + microcrystalline wax
curing time strenght toxicity
mixtures
curing time strenght toxicity
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease 300gam paper sheet
Material Study paper mixtures
540mic card board
300gam paper sheet + polyurethane casting resin
540mic card board
540mic card board + polyurethane casting resin
300gam paper sheet + pcr / plaster / pva / pulp
540mic card board + microcrystalline wax
540mic card board + pcr / plaster / pva / pulp
curing time strenght toxicity
mixtures
curing time strenght toxicity
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
kraftpaper
Material Study
540mic card board
light structure/ decorative part
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35mic pp plastic paper
MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
kraftpaper + wax
Material Study
540mic card board + wax
plaster + pva + pulp
secondary structure / support part
main structure
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
entire folding part
folding part + plup with folding language
plup with folding language
entire pulp + random formation (connection part)
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
semi-pulp interacting + folding area
semi-pulp + folding language area
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
paper pulp
1 * paper pulp
0 * paper pulp 3 * cement 2 * cement
volume
250ml
volume
250ml
weight
430g
weight
368g
density
1720.00kg/m続
density
1472.00kg/m続
We can decrease 14.42% of the weight.
1.5 * paper pulp 2 * paper pulp
1.5 * cement 1 * cement
volume
250ml
volume
250ml
weight
324g
weight
270g
density
1296.00kg/m続
density
1080.00kg/m続
We can decrease 24.65% of the weight.
We can decrease 37.21% of the weight.
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
paper pulp
area
15cm2
area
15cm2
pressure
36.03 KN
pressure
29.86 KN
0.225 MPa
0.187 MPa We will lose 16.89% of the compression performance.
area
15cm2
area
15cm2
pressure
20.44 KN
pressure
11.01 KN
0.128 MPa
We will lose 43.11% of the compression performance.
0.069 MPa
We will lose 69.33% of the compression performance.
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
pulp +rapid setting cement
pulp +sand +plaster
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pu +cem
ulp ment
MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
pulp +white cement
pulp +cement + carbon fiber
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
In this step, we played around with steel wires, pulp and bricks. We looked into the potential of how different design language could be combined together. We also utilized the pulp to shape and connect the gaps beteen different components.
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
This piece is designed for a leg of a table. We stared from casted component to glue them togather. Then, we duplicated components by steel wires and followed the original creases. Next, we connected new lattice language from steel part and then connect to pulp again.
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
Pulp brick prototype: We tried to apply our design to real scale structure. The pulp bricks were connected togather face to face.
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
pulp brick
steel wire
CNC mold
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
prototype of pulp brick connect to steel
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
interlock parts
pulp brick
cnc mold
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MATERIAL STUDY inCrease
Material Study
Mold updated We improved the CNC mold at this step. The brick casted from previous mold has two disadvantages. One is related to the creases, which are too flat. The other one is too heavy. In the next generation mold, we modified these two drawbacks. It can decrease 15% of weight.
The original creases are too flat. We made the creases deeper in this version. It also helps to volume down the pulp.
We introduced the shell part into thr brick to make it like paper a n d d e c re a s e t h e we i g h t o f component.
brick type 1
brick type 2
Truncated the corner reduced the volume of pulp, on the other hand the new geometry enriched the mass of our design.
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4.1
Growth Logic Linear Growth
GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
face to face connection: type 1
procedure = 01 iteration = 04
procedure = 02 iteration = 08
procedure = 03 iteration = 12
rotating chain structure & branch structure
face to face connection: type 02
procedure = 01 iteration = 10
procedure = 02 iteration = 20
procedure = 03 iteration = 30
rotating chain structure & branch structure clusters are generated with a same degree of rotation
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
face to face connection: type 03
procedure = 01 iteration = 12
procedure = 02 iteration = 24
procedure = 03 iteration = 36
rotating chain structure & branch structure
face to face connection with rotation: type 01
procedure = 01 iteration = 05
procedure = 02 iteration = 10
procedure = 03 iteration = 15
rotating chain structure & branch structure
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
face to face connection with rotation: type 01
procedure = 01 iteration = 14
procedure = 02 iteration = 28
procedure = 03 iteration = 42
clusters generated chain structure & branch structure
point to point connection: type 01
procedure = 01 iteration = 04
procedure = 02 iteration = 08
procedure = 03 iteration = 12
chain structure & branch structure
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
point to point connection: type 02
procedure = 01 iteration = 10
procedure = 02 iteration = 20
circle structure & chain structure
point to point connection: type 03
procedure = 01 iteration = 05
procedure = 02 iteration = 10
procedure = 03 iteration = 15
rotating chain structure & branch structure
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
face to face connection
iteration = 07
iteration = 09
iteration = 11
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
face to face connection
iteration = 07
iteration = 09
iteration = 11
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
generated by cluster: type 01
procedure = 01 iteration = 11
procedure = 02 iteration = 22
procedure = 03 iteration = 33
chain structure
generated by cluster: type 02
procedure = 01 iteration = 03
procedure = 02 iteration = 06
procedure = 03 iteration = 09
chain structure
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
generated by cluster: type 03
procedure = 01 iteration = 05
procedure = 02 iteration = 10
procedure = 03 iteration = 15
circle structure & chain structure
generated by cluster: type 04
procedure = 01 iteration = 04
procedure = 02 iteration = 08
procedure = 03 iteration = 09
circle structure & chain structure
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
generated by cluster: type 05
procedure = 01 iteration = 03
procedure = 02 iteration = 06
procedure = 03 iteration = 09
circle structure & chain structure
generated by cluster: type 06
procedure = 01 iteration = 13
chain structure
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
generated by cluster: type 07
procedure = 01 iteration = 05
procedure = 02 iteration = 10
procedure = 03 iteration = 15
rotating chain structure clusters are generated with a same degree of rotation
generated by cluster: type 08
procedure = 01 iteration = 06
procedure = 02 iteration = 12
procedure = 03 iteration = 18 rotating chain structure clusters are generated with a same degree of rotation
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
face to face connection
iteration = 06
iteration = 09
iteration = 08
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Linear Growth
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4.2
Growth Logic Design Application - Chair Design
GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Chair Design
curve 1.1 seed amount: 3 seed scale: 1
curve 1.1 vector field
growth output
growth accomplished main structure generated
curve 1.2 seed amount: 2 seed scale: 1
curve 1.2 vector field
growth output
growth accomplished main structure generated
curve 2.1 seed amount: 4 seed scale: 2
curve 2.1 vector field
growth output
growth accomplished side-arms generated
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
curve 2.2 seed amount: 4 seed scale: 2
curve 2.3 seed amount: 5 seed scale: 2
curve 2.4 seed amount: 6 seed scale: 2
Chair Design
curve 2.2 vector field
growth output
curve 2.3 vector field
growth output
curve 2.4 vector field
growth output
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growth accomplished side-arms generated
growth accomplished cushion generated
growth accomplished back generated
GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Chair Design
first step cushion area
second outward e
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Chair Design
d step extension
third step side-arms & back area
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Chair Design
front view
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Chair Design
side view
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4.3
Growth Logic Design Application - Table Design
GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
This series of pictures show the optimization process of the cuboid primitive. The input forces was meant to simulate a table’s load bearing condition. A clear output was generated stepwise after several iterations. This generated outcome together with the tension lines, stress lines and compression lines are the ‘information’ that could be used as environmental data for growth process.
solid primitive
support base
predefined load
3d topological optimization
3d topological optimization
3d topological optimization
curve cluster one (stress line)
curve cluster two (tensile line)
curve cluster three (compressive line)
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
3d topological optimization
3d topological optimization
3d topological optimization
final output
boundry box
boundry box
extracted line
extracted line
field defination
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease The formation rule of this ‘signification’ language is actually a use of the concept of ‘vector field’. A ‘vector field’ is an assignment of vectors that contains continuous information in a subset of space. It can visually represent a velocity of a moving flow in a certain space, leading to notions such as divergence and curl. After understanding the logic, an algorithm ‘vector field’ representing the information that
Table Design created by the morphogenetic optimization was set up. The following graphs show the creation process of the vector field by input the outcome from last phase. Some representative curves along with their information from the ‘compression lines’ were extracted. The refined boundary box was set to restrict the field.
screenshot 01
screenshot 05
field creation
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screenshot 09
GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
screenshot 02
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
First hierarchy growth forms the leg and support area of the table.
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
screenshot 01
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screenshot 05
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
These diagrams show the second hierarchy growth based upon the four legs to form the arch and part of the flat desktop.
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
screenshot 01
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
The third hierarchy growth refines the whole design piece and to make the part, which directly interacts with users, more delicate and flat.
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
screenshot 01
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
corner analysis I
curve 0, 1, 2
seed amout 3 seed scale 0.5
growth output
curve 0, 1, 2, 3
seed amout 3 seed scale 0.5
growth output
corner analysis II
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
corner analysis III
curve 0, 1, 2, 3
seed amout 4 seed scale 0.5
growth output
curve 0, 1, 2, 3
seed amout 2 seed scale 1
growth output
basement analysis I
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
component replacement step 01
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
component replacement step 02
component replacement step 03
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
structure analysis
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
perspective view
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
corner view
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GROWTH LOGIC inCrease
Table Design
front view
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4.4
Growth Development Design Application - Shelter Design
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
standard gyroid vector field (aggregationg type I: fill in surface space)
Standard Gyroid pattern is a cube-like volume surface structure. It means that standard Gyroid surface should be acquired in an area which every side length of it equals the same, also the surface spreads out equally in every direction. In this design, a standard unit of standard Gyroid pattern is used to generate the vector field, and guides the components to fill the surface space. As it can be seen, the components aggregate along the direction of the vector and form a radial shape. The final potential space looks like a cavern.
standard gyroid pattern first hierarchy growth
gyroid vector acquire scale x=3 y=3 z=3
1:1:1 standard gyroid vector field
standard gyroid pattern second hierarchy growth
standard gyroid pattern third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
standard gyroid field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
1:1:3 gyroid vector field (aggregationg type I: fill in surface space)
In this design, Gyroid pattern is compressed in Z direction. As a result, the vector field is also compressed in Z direction. Since the components aggregate along the direction of the vector, they would create more layers than in the vector field of standard Gyroid surface. As the final render shows, the components create a platform above the ground. The radial shape doesn’t look so obvious than in the standard Gyroid vector field, because the space is too narrow to let the components spread out to every direction.
z direction compression first hierarchy growth
gyroid vector acquire scale x=3 y=3 z=9
1:1:3 gyroid vector field
z direction compression second hierarchy growth
z direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
1:1:3 gyroid field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
1:2:1 gyroid vector field (aggregationg type I: fill in surface space)
If Gyroid pattern is compressed in Y direction, the vector field will also be compressed in Y direction. Since there is still plenty space on the two sides of the vector field to let the components spread into every direction, the components form a long-span space. As the final potential render shows, the components do not fill in the surface space between the two sides of the vector field because there is not enough space, so a long-span cavern-like space is created.
y direction compression first hierarchy growth
gyroid vector acquire scale x=3 y=6 z=3
1:2:1 gyroid vector field
y direction compression second hierarchy growth
y direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
1:2:1 gyroid field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
3:1:1 gyroid vector field (aggregationg type I: fill in surface space)
Compress the Gyroid pattern in X direction, the vector field will also be compressed in X direction. Since the method of letting components fill the surface space makes the components possesses potential space, sometimes there is no actual space generated in this situation. In this design, the components only create a construction, rather than a potential space, as the final render shows.
x direction compression first hierarchy growth
gyroid vector acquire scale x=9 y=3 z=3
3:1:1 gyroid vector field
x direction compression second hierarchy growth
x direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
3:1:1 gyroid field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
standard gyroid vector field (aggregationg type II: outline surface structure)
Within the same standard Gyroid pattern, in this design, the method of letting components aggregate along the surface is used. Since Gyroid surface is an arc-like shape structure, the components would form arch space in this situation. As the final render shows, the components form several arches since they outline the standard Gyroid surface structure in the standard vector field. This situation is very fit to create arches.
standard gyroid pattern first hierarchy growth
gyroid vector acquire scale x=3 y=3 z=3
1:1:1 standard gyroid vector field
standard gyroid pattern second hierarchy growth
standard gyroid pattern third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
standard gyroid field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
1:1:3 gyroid vector field (aggregationg type II: outline surface structure)
As it has been showed in the former design, Z direction compressed Gyroid vector field could be used to create more layers. In this design, the method of letting components outline the surface structure is used in Z direction compressed Gyroid vector field. As the final render shows, again a platform is created, so is arch space. This situation also can produce long-span space if the aggregation of components is properly guided.
z direction compression first hierarchy growth
gyroid vector acquire scale x=3 y=3 z=9
1:1:3 gyroid vector field
z direction compression second hierarchy growth
z direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
1:1:3 gyroid field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
1:2:1 gyroid vector field (aggregationg type II: outline surface structure)
In Y direction compressed Gyroid vector field, the potential arch space is also compressed. So the span of the arches would be shorter than those produced in standard Gyroid vector field. In this situation, the components create shelter-like space, as the final render shows. The Gyroid pattern in this situation is denser in Y direction, so the components create narrow arch space since they aggregate along the surface.
y direction compression first hierarchy growth
gyroid vector acquire scale x=3 y=6 z=3
1:2:1 gyroid vector field
y direction compression second hierarchy growth
y direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
1:2:1 gyroid field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
3:1:1 gyroid vector field (aggregationg type II: outline surface structure)
X direction compressed Gyroid pattern creates X direction compressed vector field. As it has been showed in former design, X direction compressed vector field might produce constructions rather than potential space. In this design, this situation happens again. Rather than arches or shelters created before, this design is more like a construction, since the space is too narrow to make potential use.
x direction compression first hierarchy growth
gyroid vector acquire scale x=9 y=3 z=3
3:1:1 gyroid vector field
x direction compression second hierarchy growth
x direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
3:1:1 gyroid field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
standard noise vector field (aggregationg type II: outline surface structure)
Standard Noise pattern is also a cube-like volume surface structure but denser than Gyroid surface. So it also should be acquired in an area which every side length of it equals the same, also the surface spreads out equally in every direction. In this design, a standard unit of standard Noise pattern is used to generate the vector field, and guides the components to outline the surface structure. As it can be seen in the final render, since in some area there is not enough space for the components to aggregate, the components form a longspan space at last.
standard noise pattern first hierarchy growth
noise vector acquire scale x=1 y=1 z=1
1:1:1 standard noise vector field
standard noise pattern second hierarchy growth
standard noise pattern third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
standard noise field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
1:1:2 noise vector field (aggregationg type II: outline surface structure)
If Noise pattern is compressed in Z direction, the vector field will also be compressed in Z direction. In former designs, Z direction compressed Gyroid vector field could generate more layers. The same effect also happens in Z direction compressed Noise vector field. As it shows in the final render, two layers are created including a platform. Since Noise surface is also an arclike space, it is also fit to generate shelter-like space.
z direction compression first hierarchy growth
noise vector acquire scale x=1 y=1 z=2
1:1:2 noise vector field
z direction compression second hierarchy growth
z direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
1:1:2 noise field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
1:2:1 noise vector field (aggregationg type II: outline surface structure)
Y direction compressed Noise pattern creates Y direction compressed vector field. As it has been showed before, Noise surface is fit to create shelter-like space. In the final render, a small arch shape shelter is created. Because when the pattern is compressed, the space between surface becomes narrow. When the components outline the surface structure, they form a small shelter.
y direction compression first hierarchy growth
noise vector acquire scale x=1 y=2 z=1
1:2:1 noise vector field
y direction compression second hierarchy growth
y direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
1:2:1 noise field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
2:1:1 noise vector field (aggregationg type II: outline surface structure)
As it has been showed in the former designs, Noise pattern is fit to create shelter space. In this design, the pattern is compressed in X direction. When the components aggregate along the surface structure, they form small scale shelter because the space between surface becomes narrow. As the final render shows, the components form a half-closed space which can be used as a small shelter.
x direction compression first hierarchy growth
noise vector acquire scale x=2 y=1 z=1
2:1:1 noise vector field
x direction compression second hierarchy growth
x direction compression third hierarchy growth
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
first hierarchy components
Shelter Design
second hierarchy components
2:1:1 noise field potential space render
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third hierarchy components
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
rendering
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
rendering
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
3d print model
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GROWTH DEVELOPMENT inCrease
Shelter Design
3d print model
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5
Further Proposal Site Analysis, Outdoor Theatre & Meeting Point Design
FURTHER PROPOSAL inCrease
Site Analysis South Bank The South Bank is an entertainment and commercial district of Central London, England, next to the River Thames opposite the City of Westminster. It forms a narrow, unequal strip of riverside land within the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Southwark where it joins Bankside. As with most central London districts its edges evolve and are informally defined however its central area is bounded by Westminster Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge. The South Bank is a significant arts and entertainment district. The Southbank Centre comprises the Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall and The Hayward Gallery. The Royal National Theatre, the Imax super cinema and BFI Southbank adjoin to the east.
Paper Waste In today’s electronic age, people are starting to consider going paperless. But there’s still a long way to go before we lose our dependence on this very important human product. From our newspapers to our paper wrappings, paper is still everywhere and most of them are ending up in our landfills creating a staggering amount of paper waste. There was a time when paper was a rare and precious commodity. Now it fills our planet. It was initially invented as a tool for communication, but today, paper is used more for packaging. To produce paper takes twice the energy used to produce a plastic bag. Everything takes energy to produce. In the case of paper, it also involves cutting down trees. Deforestation is one of the main environmental problems we’re facing in these times. 42% of all global wood harvest is used to make paper.
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FURTHER PROPOSAL inCrease
Site Analysis
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FURTHER PROPOSAL inCrease
Site Analysis
One of the chosen sites was located along the thames river, in the front of the area of south bank district. The site was surrounded by various transportation ways, like tubes, trains, yarchts, cars, and bikes . The southbank area plays a node role in London city.
T h e s o u t h b a n k i s a n ew a r t d i s t r i c t , d u e to n ew constructions and planning. Artists from all over the world will come to London festival every year. Moreover, the national theatre hold hundreds performances every year. Owing to these factors, this ribbon area shown in the diagram needs some rapid built and innovative meeting points and some spaces which can hold opening events for performances and exhibitions.
One of the site was chosen to be a plaza located in front of the national gallery. The people flow from the opposite bank side and from the main roads are intersecting here. This suggests a potential space which should meet the need of meeting point and various outdoor activities.
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FURTHER PROPOSAL inCrease
(a) grid net & site boundary
Site Analysis
(b) circulation path
(c) grid transition
An open space whithin the boundary of chosen side, which was roughly regarded as a sq uare, was the constraint of the form generation process. The available space was shown in (a) due to the urban context. Circulation path was expected to be the the curves shown in (b). This was meant to create a small outdoor theatre and a semi-public meeting point as well. The path is expected to create a continous circulation expierence between the two small functional space and create different space quality due to the difference of the activities. The circulation path influence the generation of the landscape area of this project. The diagram(c) indicates a potential transition method between each functional area. The sitting and relaxing parts are closely sitted near the curves and the structural area are defined by the area with larger grids.
The functional area division
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FURTHER PROPOSAL inCrease
Outdoor Theatre & Meeting Point Design
outdoor theatre & meeting point bottom up view
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FURTHER PROPOSAL inCrease
Outdoor Theatre & Meeting Point Design
elevation left
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