Bartlett UG2 2017/18_Jiyoon

FOLDING PAVILION

ABSTRACT Initially started with idea of ‘joining’, this project then moves further to explore the idea of folding and unfolding. It attempts to see architecture that has more active role which can be adaptable and interactive to the enivronment. Design iterations were done after series of folding studies and understanding the basic principles of foldings to acheive the movement of follwing traces of sun.

JIYOON LEE, 3RD YEAR

INITIAL INSPIRATIONS & JOINT STUDIES

THE BEAUX-ARTS ARCHITECTS BALL, 1931s

fabric giving spatial qualities relationship between human joints and mechanical joints

It’s zoomed in image of fabrics where joining inspiration came from.

BETWEEN JOINTS AND ARCHITECTURE It started from looking at joints in different perspective. Fabrics are cluster of joints as well as joints from our body.

angle: 90° length: A

angle: 100° length: A+ 2. 6

angle: 120° length: A+ 4. 9

angle: 140° length: A+ 7. 4

angle: 160° length: A+ 8. 9

angle: 180° length: A+ 9. 4

BASIC MECHANISM OF JOINERY It started with simple studies of changes of length of connection when a joint is folded.

TYPE

DIRECTION

SECTION

Y

Y

Z Folding

x

x

Y Y Z Rotating

Z

x

Y

Y

Z

Sphering

x x

Y

Z

Z

x

BASIC MECHANISM OF JOINERY Initial interest came from act of joining.

Project started with studies of different types of joints.

A device that helps joint escaping from the system.

Gear mechanism allows for a joint to rotate until it hits the beside structures

90°

A sphere that holds gear sphere rotate in x-axis.

JOINT ITERATIONS: MOVABLE JOINT Each grid is 10mm * 10mm.

A folding joint allows each leg to move with flexibility

A rotating joint allows each leg to move horizontally

JOINT ITERATIONS: MOVABLE JOINT Each grid is 10mm * 10mm.

INSPIRATIONS AND REFERENCES

YOKOHAMA PORT TERMINAL

V&A, AMANDA LEVETE ARCHITECTS

OYLER WU’S FOLDINGS

MOVEMENT INSPIRATIONS Coming from joint studies, this project starts to focus on the movement.

DIGITAL FOLDING TESTS

MOVEMENT STUDY: MODEL F It is a simple stretching study of a joint.

MOVEMENT STUDY: MODEL A

MOVEMENT STUDY: MODEL B

3 folding

4 folding

SKELETON MOVEMENT TEST It is looking into how simple geometry can turn into various forms due to its folding joints.

12 folding

FOLDING AND UNFOLDING Simple test is done to look at how membrane is folding according to skeleton.

FOLDING AND UNFOLDING

FOLDING TESTS It is closely looking at principle of folding and unfolding.

FOLDING TESTS

FOLDING TESTS

FOLDING TESTS

FOLDING TESTS

FOLDING TESTS

FOLDING TESTS

FOLDIND DESIGN ITERATIONS

PATTERN FOLDING AND 3D FOLDING

FOLDING TESTS Combining different types of folding, it allows much more movent.

PATTERN FOLDING AND 3D FOLDING

FOLDING TESTS It is aiming to have individual folding to allow interactions with sun.

PATTERN FOLDING AND 3D FOLDING

FOLDING TESTS It is to test potential folding works.

FOLDING AND UNFOLDING It is explaining two mode of the movement: sleeping and waking up.

SUN STUDY & SITE INVESTIGATION

Summer Winter

Summer Winter

Summer Winter

Summer Winter

SUN ANGLE STUDY It is studying what would be the appropriate angle to reiceve maximum sunlight.

West

East

5

Morning time Approximately 7-8am

1 4

West

East 3

West

East

2

Early afternoon Approximately 10am-12pm 1) Sun: Moves to East to West 2)Azimuth scale: works with azimuth line 3) Intersection between azimuth and altitude 4)Line of right asceasion 5)Sun moving line West

East

Late afternoon Approximately 6pm

JANTAR MANTAR: JAI PRAKASH YANTRA Located in Delhi, India Jai Prakash Yantra is to observe the position of the sun. It is designed in a way that it recieves sunlight in certain times.

INSTITUT DU MONDE ARABE Located in Paris, France this world Arab World Institute has interactive skin. Like how camera works, it shrinks and opens according to amount of sun during daytime.

SITE: HYDE PARK

1:450

SITE: HYDE PARK

West

East

Morning time Approximately 7-8am

West

East

Early afternoon Approximately 11am

West

East

Late afternoon Approximately 6pm

GROUND CARVING RESOPONDING TO SUN It shows how sunlight reaches carved ground in different times of a day.

DESIGN ITERATIONS

OPENING DETAILS It is showing the idea of how openings open up individulally.

OPENINGS AND SUN It is showing how openings open up during morning and closes when sun goes down.

FOLDING CHAIR

1:15

PAVILION EXPERIENCE

OPENINGS AND SUN It is showing how openings open up during morning and closes when sun goes down.

OPENINGS AND SUN

MORNING

EARLY AFTERNOON

LATE AFTERNOON

Morning 7AM

Midday 12PM

DURING DIFFERENT TIME OF A DAY

Sunset 4PM

IMAGINING PAVILION

FOLDING PAVILION It can be partially folded and unfolded as if it were a creature.

ANIMATION

PRINTED IN A2

PRINTED IN A2

PRINTED IN A2

JIYOON LEE UNIT 2 THIRD YEAR

Abstract

Located in the centre of Copenhagen, this project aims to reconsider existing hosing in urban context. Imagining housing that could activate communal and social life of people, this project proposes a new typology of community housing with a bee farm. With bees, it also investigates how human and other species can co-live.

Instead of understanding bees as means of earning profits, it speculates and designs to achieve co-living with human and other species. Learning from housing examples and behaviour of bees this project will carefully negotiate the ideal living space between two clients.

MAP OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK Blue line indicates the whole Copenhagen while yellow and red shows roads and train route.

østerbro It’s a place where upper-middle class resides.

Situtated around the lakes, it is a quiet living neighborhood.

Nørrebro It is one of old working class area in Copenhagen. In the last few decades, it has changed to one of the lively area of the city.

Frederiksberg It is an area considered to be conservative district of Copenhagen.

Normally characterised as affluent area with many green spaces.

Valby It was normally considered as outskirt area.

However, it is gradually changing to affordable home for young workers and students.

Vesterbro Formally an market area, it is now changing to a place for galleries, theatres and restaurants. Housings are very expensive in this central part.

DISTRICTS OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK Looking at different areas of copenhagen, it helps to understand each characteristics of the districts.

Centre It is a downtown of Copenhagen. One of oldest area it is mixture of residential and touristic area.

Christianshavn It is considered as one of poorest part of Copenhagen. It is community of 900 anarchist residents.

1986 ‘the Potato Diet’ stricter requirements to the property buyers and borrowers

1947 Ministry of Housing established

early 1980s

1939 -

difficult to find tenants for social housing and social housing had reputation of building demage, physical decay and social problems

1960s - 1970s

demand for housing exceeded the supply local authorities were under pressure to provide social housing

There was new trend to buy own housing among middle class

1951

late 1960s

Rent Act , older and privately owned rented housing began to turn into slums

housing shortage was not a problem anymore but more about housing prices

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs closed

1980s increase in the number of private cooperative housing association

mid 1970s 1960s Affluence and wages grew dramatically and those people left their rented flats and apartments

2001

economic recession (first oil crisis) , unemployment, house price stagnation and decline of new houses built

HOUSING HISTORY It is to understand the general history of housings in Denmark. The history tells that Denmark have gone through many changes that responded from the period’s conditions.

2005-2007 New scheme experiments, for residents in social housing to buy their home either as a freehold flat or as part of a cooperative housing scheme

recent years Recent years have been characterised by continuous worsening of social and ethnical segregation problems in the social housing &increasing demand for owner occupied dwellings

Upsalagade 20-26 STREET

SITE

CHOSEN SITE One of the important reason for choosing the site was the location being right in the centre of Copenhagen to investigate the role of urban living.

2km

Østre Anlæg

Botanisk Have

Kongens Have

Fælledparken

Holmens Kirkegård

2KM WITHIN THE SITE The circle indicates 2km distance from the site. Within that 2km, there are six major green spaces that allows the programme to benefit.

Garnisons Kirkegård

1

2

3

4

5

6

Green area Site

Offices Roads Residential area

1

2

3

4

5

6

ACCESS TO THE SITE Being in between two big green spaces, the site has good level of accessibility for both public and residents. Main road is a way to one of Copenhagen’s well-known train stations.

N SITE PLAN SCALE 1: 1500

Average throughout year

June (Summer)

WIND STUDY Prevailing wind comes from south-west direction to north-east in December (winter) and west to east in June (summer).

December (winter)

Housing

Housing

Offices on Gfloor

Housing

Offices on Gfloor

SITE ELEVATION A

AND SITE SECTION

2 1 Office

City Apartment Residents (Housing)

Restaurants

Housing

1. Site elevation NE SCALE 1: 2000 Each square grid shows approximately 10m*10m

28-30m

2. Site section

NE

SCALE 1: 2000

True Bumblebees True Bumblebees are members of genus Bombus which have meaning ‘blooming’’

31

Cuckoo Bumblebees

Cuckoo Bumblebees are members of genus Psithyrus which have meaning ‘murmuring’.

They look like True Bumblebees but have softer buzz

32

33 34

35 36 37 23 24

38

1. Bombus lucorum

20.campestris

2. lucorum

21.campestris

3. terrestris

22.campestris

4.terrestris

23. Bombus lapidarius

5. hortorum

24. lapidarius

6.jonellus

25.ruderarius

7.jonellus

26.ruderarius

8.ruderatus

27.pratorum

9.ruderatus

28.pratorum

10.ruderatus

29.sylvarum

11. Psithyrus rupestris

30.monticola

12.rupestris

31.Bombus soroeensis

13.sylvestris

32.soroeensis

14.sylvestris

33.distinguendus

15.bohemicus

34.muscorum

16.bohemicus

35.pascuorum

17.vestalis

36.pascuorum

18.vestalis

37.pascuorum

19.barbutellus

38.humilis 39.subterraneus 40.subterraneus

25

11

39 40

12

13

27 28

14 1

26

15 16

2

29

17

Bumblebees have several features that makes them different from honey bees. It is known that bumbleebees generally are friendlier than honeybees and they do not sting unless they feel severe danger. Bumblebees are usually more furrier, colourful and larger than honeybees. There are numersous studies on Bumblebees since their behaviour are very much predictable.

30

3

4

Cuckoo bumblebees behave slightly differently than True bumblebees. They do not work for colony which means they do not secrete wax and don’t have pollen baskets.

Since Cuckoo bumblebees are inquiline of Bombus, meaning they live in the home of another species (Bombus) and consume their food. It also means larvae of Cuckoo bumblebees are fed by worker bees of Bombus.

18 19

5

6

20

21 22

7

8 10 9

BUMBLEBEES Bumblebees do have different types of bee within the same category.

Psithyrus behave differently from Bombus speices.

workers produced Colony is developed (Nest sometimes are taken over by Psithyrus)

Nest initiation

young queens and males are produced Queen foraging

Mating happens (males die)

pollen load

Second colony cycle

Queen overwintering (hibernation)

1. inactive 2. sunning 3.eating pollen 4.nest finding 5.collecting pollen 6.collecting nectar 7.flying April

May

Behaviour of Terrestris queens after hibernation

LIFE CYCLE OF BUMBLEBEES

June

Since there were no frames in the traditonal skeps, honey was collected simply using sticks to let out bees out from their honey comb, However, common removal method involved inhumane ways to get rid of bees. Colonies usually resulted in death by drowning or suffocation, Once the skep was emptied, it was replaced by new colonies.

Also, When the skep was overcrowded, bees tried to swarm around the skep to find new hive.

The form of beekeeping varies accoring to the material use. When brick is used, it was normally an arch or straight wall while clay or stone had different types of shapes. Remaining bee boles nowadays are used to store decorations or small statues.

Traditional way of collecting honey

Skep stand

Bee Boles

Bee Alcove

Bee Shelters

Bee Houses

Winter Storage

Most of the skeps were placed outdoor so they needed to be protected from wind and rain.

Often, this was done by putting straw protections and clay.

Also, most people did not place their skeps directly on the floor but instead they created the stand or benches that could also help to protect skeps from damp grounds. Perhaps this was the beginning of making beekeeping box we use nowadays.

Bee boles are the most survived bee keeping because they remain in old gardens. ‘Bole’ can be translated in several ways which has its origin from Scots meaning ‘a recess in a wall’. A bee bole is a integrated part of wall which allows beekeepers to store their skeps.

Normally bee boles are faced south-east to gain early sunlight to make bees start their days earlier. This form of beekeeping has developed from bee stand which was a furniture level and to finally integrating it to a wall. Integrating a wall made extra protection for bees from wind and rain.

More developed form of beekeeping was having bee alcoves.

Although it remains as same family as bee boles, there are some different characteristics from bee boles. Like how bee boles were design to face southeast, alcoves also were designed in such a way. However, unlike bee boles, alcoves belonged to rich families. Many of them were made out of stones and were integrated with their walls.

One of the most common way of keeping bees were having bee shelters. They were usually roofed for protection and lean-to structure. The bee shelter that survived until nowadays are those that were made from stone. Unlike bee boles and alcoves, they are additional structure that didn’t needed to be inserted on a wall which made it easier for people to have them. In usually cases, each slate shelf could have held up to three skeps because of their heaviness.

Bee house was a more of architecture level while other types remained as furniture or only part of houses. It was a free-standing building which the main purpose was to keep bees inside. Beekeepers would usually go inside for inspection and collection of honey. Many of bee houses could hold up to 20-30 bee hives. The skeps were on shelves and bees would enter the house through regular openings outside the wall and to individual hive entrances. Since not many people could afford a small house for bees or perhaps number of bee hives that’s stored inside the house, this type of bee keeping were only found in big estate housing.

Winter storage was essential to keep bees alive. In autumn, beekeepers would empty the lightest and heaviest skeps because light skep meant that bee wouldn’t have sufficient honey to go through winter and heavy skep was to collect honey. Hive that weren’t either heavy or light would need extra winter protection. Easy way of winter protection was providing layers of straw around the skep therefore protecting them from cold weather. Many of them in fact were placed inside of dairy farm and barns. Having hives in a cool and dark place, would discourage the bees from consuming their honey before they could replenish them in the spring.

HISTORY OF BEEKEEPING Bees have been around since ancient times and beekeeping method have evolved throughout time. From stand it has finally come to the stage of free-standing space for bees.

MODERN DAYS’ BEEKEEPING After invention of beekeeping box, it became easier to control bees for harvesting purpose. Honey is collected in ways that diagrams show and many bee farms adapt such method.

BEE FARM VISIT: BYBI Visiting bee farm in the city centre of Copenhagen helped the project to understand space distribution in the bee farm building. It starts from public and as it goes further there are more of private and workstations for bee keepers.

URBAN HONEY Visiting bee farm in the city centre of Copenhagen helped the project to understand space distribution in the bee farm building. It starts from public and as it goes further there are more of private and workstations for bee keepers.

BEE SWARMING

Usally upto 60% of bee of a colony swarm.

Swarming happens when bees are finding new homes. In most cases, new born queen kills the unborn queens to bee the queen status for initial hive (prime swarm).

On the other hand, the new queens may also swarm even though the size of swarm might be smaller (after swarm).

1. Leaving the old hive to find temporarily location 2. Finding area for permanent locations.

3. Moving to final location

Summary (average) of bee swarming behaviour from speed, direction, angle studies.

Direction

Top section tend to have more lead in swarming behaviour. Middle-top comprising most of number of bees, they have strong willingness to head to the direction they are swarming.

Bottom bees usually have more speed than the top bees. However, most of top bees tend to head to the direction while bottom bess have less of those facing the direction

Rear

Middle

Front

SWARMING Visiting bee farm in the city centre of Copenhagen helped the project to understand space distribution in the bee farm building. It starts from public and as it goes further there are more of private and workstations for bee keepers.

FRAGMENT MODEL

01 Brumleby Housing Brumleby

Year: 1853 - 1857

Chosen Site

Housing type: social housing + co-housing Architect: Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll

Brumbleby was initially designed for Medical Association housing scheme and a direct response of spread of cholera in the inner city.

Therefore, one of the main purpose was to design housing unit that could provide high quality living at relatively affordable costs. These 240 housing units had close doorways and divided into two floors. Common facilities for the tenants included a kindergarten, a bathhouse and a meeting hall and the first co-operative store in Copenhagen. In 1990s, these spaces were refurbished and given private bathroom.

Communal Garden Route Individual Garden

BRUMLEBY HOUSING This housing inspired the programme to have both shops and housing.

The idea of sharing activity among residents may suggest additonal role of housing.

02 Nyboder Housing Nyboder Year: 1853 - 1857

Chosen Site

Housing type: social housing + co-housing Architect: Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll

. Nyboder was built in 1631 by young architect Hans Van Steenwin with King Christian IV’s commission.

It was originally built for men who served the nation. Although they look like rows of single hoses, they are two units facing each other with one or two bedrooms. Each unit has one or two bedrooms and shared passage and cooking hearth. Additional rows of units were added in the 18th centuries.

MAP OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK Blue line indicates the whole Copenhagen while yellow and red shows roads and train route.

HOUSING UNIT There would be housing units with one bedroom, two bedroom and three bedroom.

WORKING

LIVING

REPRODUCING

HELPING

CO-LIVING

ATTRACTING

ATTRACTING

PROGRAMME PROPOSAL

Design Methodology

2

1) Each side is greenspace, thereby not blocking the paths for bees

1 3

2) Pedestrian and vechicle roads around the site gives best public access to shops 3) Thinking of building on two side one of the options would be having two parts on those two sides

MASSING STUDY

SHOP ROUTE/ PUBLIC ROUTE

IN/OUT

Train Station

residential area

NW

IN/OUT

Main road

MORE ACCESSIBLE

LESS ACCESSIBLE

CIRCULATION STUDY [PUBLIC] Since it is for public and shopping area, the entrace would be in front of the most busiest road. Circulation has to be relatively simple compared to housing route.

RESIDENTS’ ROUTE/ PRIVATE ROUTE

IN/OUT IN/OUT

Train Station

residential area

NW

ONE ENCLOSED SPACE

ONE ENCLOSED SPACE

Main road

MORE ACCESSIBLE

LESS ACCESSIBLE

ONE ENCLOSED SPACE

TWO ENCLOSED SPACE

ONE ENCLOSED SPACE

TWO ENCLOSED SPACE

THREE ENCLOSED SPACE

TWO ENCLOSED SPACE

FIVE ENCLOSED SPACE

ZERO ENCLOSED SPACE

FOUR ENCLOSED SPACE

CIRCULATION STUDY [HOUSING] Entrance being in the second busiest road, this study is to achieve optimal choice for private route.

N

SCALE 1: 600

MAIN ROAD

HONEY SHOP PATHWAY/STORAGE WORKSTATION (HONEY MACHINES) BEE HIVE/ RAMP

MASSING DEVELOPMENT [GROUND FLOOR] Learning from bee farm visit in copenhagen, as it goes further from shop entrace, it is more private (workstation) area.

Ground Floor

2

1st Floor

1

2nd Floor

8

3

3rd Floor

4

5

6

4th Floor

LEGEND 1 Three bedroom housing 2 Two bedroom housing 3 One bedroom housing

7

4 Public area 5 Bee entrace 6 Bee hive 7 Honey shops’ entrance 8 Ramp garden

N DESIGN ITERATION [SECOND FLOOR] SCALE 1: 150

1)

Hanging flower

2)

Bee hives

3)

Ramp garden

4)

Bee entrance

1)

3)

DESIGN ITERATION Blue line indicates private route while red shows public route to honey shops.

S

OP

SH

4) 2)

DESIGN STRATEGY Each spaces are designed around garden. Garden is allocated for each housing unit which people have to grow certain flowers for bees.

HOUSING UNIT There would be housing units with one bedroom, two bedroom and three bedroom.

mesh walls

mesh openings in different sizes

CONCEPT: MESH LAYERING

Fabric sails prevents direct sunlight coming through glass facades. However, for this project, meshed facades would be used to allow different sizes of bee.

Precedent works Phoenix Public Library Architect: Will Bruder

MESH LAYERING Diagrams explain where worker bees can go through and where queen bee can inhabit. Different size of mesh openings allow different bees’ access.

BEE AND PEOPLE POPULATION This would most likely to have impact on the design. Bees usually do activities up in the sky. Therefore, spaces for bees would be up in the sky and people inhabit ground floor.

Main structural element that holds bee hives

They are clustered together to support heavy bee hives

STRUCTURE UNIT Each structual unit will be holding hives that are built by bees

Home for people

Home for bees

FRAGMENT STUDY

connection bar

bee-living area

people-living area

DESIGN ITERATION MODEL By combining two living spaces (bee and human) the design was to propose a symbiotic relationship by physically brinigng them together.

fabric mesh

structural hive

HIGH BEE DENSITY

Bees’ preferred height (15-25m above ground)

housing

housing

CENTRAL HIVE

honey shops/ public area

bee-living structure

people living

BEE AND PEOPLE Yellow provides structures for bees to start hives and blue would be housing for people

5

1

6

3

2

7

4

LEGEND 1 Three bedroom housing 2 One bedroom housing 3 Swarming cloud

N

4 Shop entrance 5 Bee living

DESIGN ITERATION [SECOND FLOOR] Scale 1:150

6 Resident entrance 7 Ramp garden

0 corners

Layering would be naturally connected if there is no corners. Therefore, this design uses circular forms for layers.

4 corners

‘4 + a’ corners

MESH LAYERING APPLIED Layers would have different opening sizes.

BEE-LIVING SPACE To minimize the distruption, simple scaffolding is designed to fit the growing hives.

FLYING BEES

PEOPLE LIVING

GARDEN FOR PEOPLE AND BEES

BEES INHABITING

BEE AND PEOPLE It shows how bees and people share spaces and inhabit

toilet/shower

kitchen Mini garden

bedroom

Mesh fabric

Hemok roof garden

timber panels

Mini garden

entrance

FINAL DESIGN [HOUSING] With the green roof, it achieves attractive environment for both human and bees.

Precedent works Centre Culturel Jean-Marie Tjibaou Architect: Renzo Piano

SCALE 1:300