07 passive solar slides

CliC Climate Construction in Architecture Lecture 7.

Energy and Matter Sustainable Design Principles in Architecture Part 4.

Heat Convection Passive Solar Design

Thermal conductivity Thermal mass is only one element that slows heat flow between outside and inside. Thermal conductivity shows the amount of energy that can flow through a material in a given time. The higher the value, the more energy can pass through at the same time.

Thermal conductivity is different for each material (intensive property), some have higher resistance than others. Wood for example is very good insulator, while steel is a very good conductor.

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

Thermal conductivity, resistance The actual heat flow of a structure depends not only on conductivity but also on the thickness of the material. For example, the heat flow in a 1” wood is the same as in a 12” block of concrete, although the conductivity of the second is much higher (worse).

The actual heat flow in any structure therefore is calculated with thermal resistance, that depends on thickness and conductivity of the material.

R=d/λ (lambda) Or Resistance=thickness/conductivity

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

Energy flow

Finally, the total energy loss depends not only on the thermal resistance, but also on the total surface and the temperature difference. The higher the building surface or temperature difference, the more energy moves between inside and outside every second.

E=1/R*A*ΔT=1/(d/Ν)*A*ΔT Or

Heat =1/Resistance*Surface*Temp diff.

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

Energy flow

E=1/R*A*ΔT=1(d/λ)*A*ΔT or Heat =1/Resistance*Surface*Temp diff.

-λ value (thermal conductivity) depends on the material -d/λ is the heat transfer coefficient, also known as ‘U-value’ -Heat resistance (R) is the inverse of U-value: R=1/U CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

Energy flow

Conduction is responsible for most of the operational energy of heating/cooling. For example, if an air-conditioner keeps constant 25C temperature indoors, while the structure is 30 cm thick concrete, and temperature outside is 29C: E=R*A*ΔT=1/(d/λ)*A*ΔT=1/(0.3/1.5)*1m2*(30-25)=25W(/second) CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

Energy flow

Naturally, if we add 10 cm insulation to the structure, the energy demand will be even less, as we add the resistances together: E=(R1+2)*A*ΔT=(1/(d1/λ1+d2/λ2)) *A*ΔT= E=(1/(0.3/1.5+0.1/0.039))*1m2*(30-25)=1.80W(/second) CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

Energy flow

Naturally, if we add 10 cm insulation to the structure, the energy demand will be even less, as we add the resistances together: E=(R1+2)*A*ΔT=(1/(d1/λ1+d2/λ2)) *A*ΔT= E=(1/(0.3/1.5+0.1/0.039))*1m2*(30-25)=1.80W(/second) CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

Another use of U value is to determine internal temperatures of different layers in the structure. This is necessary to avoid condensation (colder climates).

Passive tube design based on differential form of Heat Conduction Law: Heat current can be defined by the heat conduction coefficient as following (the heat differences are in absolute scale (te= 0, and ti=1): qpanel= Upanel(ti–te) =0.76x1= 0.76 W/m2K άi(ti-tws)= Upanel(ti–te) =0.76 W/m2K tws1=ti-Upanel(ti–te)/άi =1-0.76(1-0)/8=0.905 1/Rwaterx(tws2-tws1)= Upanel(ti–te)=0.76 W/m2K tws2=tws1-Upanel(ti– te)xRwater= =0.905-0.76(1-0)x0.061= =0.858 tws3=tws2-Upanel(ti–te)xRac= =0.858-0.76(1-0)x0.001/0.26 =0.855

Ral=Ra+Rac =0.15+0.001/0,26=0.154 tws4=tws3-Upanel(ti–te)xRal= =0.855-0.76(1-0)x0.154=0.738 tws5=tws4-Upanel(ti–te)xRal= =0.738-0.76(1-0)x0.154=0.621 tws6=tws5-Upanel(ti–te)x Ral= =0.621-0.76(1-0)x0.154=0.504 tws7=tws6-Upanel(ti–te)xRal= =0.504-0.76(1-0)x0.154=0.387 tws8=tws7-Upanel(ti–te)x Ral= =0.387-0.76(1-0)x0.154=0.27 tws9=tws8-Upanel(ti–te)x Ral= =0.27-0.76(1-0)x0.154=0.153 tws10=tws9-Upanel(ti–te)x Ral= =0.153-0.76(1-0)x0.154=0.036 tws11= tws10-Upanel(ti–te)/άe= =0.036-0.76(1-0)/23=0

Passive Solar Design Strategies: Direct Gain Greenhouse effect and Thermal Mass

1) BEGINNING Heliocamus in Roman baths

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING Palladio: Sun rooms (based on Vitruvius)

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING The age of Greenhouses Crystal Palace, London

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING The age of Greenhouses Crystal Palace, London

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING The age of Greenhouses Conservatories

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING The age of Greenhouses Conservatories

1) BEGINNING The age of Greenhouses Conservatories

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING The age of Greenhouses Orangery at Belton house

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING The age of Greenhouses Orangery at Laeken castle

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING The age of Greenhouses Orangery at Kensington Palace

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING Solar Heating Facades Walter Gropius: Bauhaus Workshop

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING Solar Heating Facades Walter Gropius: Fagus factory

1) BEGINNING Solar Heating Facades Marcel Breuer: St. John’s Abbey

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING Solar Heating City Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Culture

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING Solar Heating City Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Culture

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING Solar Heating prototype Salt box building prototype, New England

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING Solar Heating prototype Salt box building prototype, New England

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

1) BEGINNING Solar Heating prototype Salt box building prototype, New England

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

2) GEORGE FRED and WILLIAM KECK

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

2) GEORGE FRED and WILLIAM KECK House of Tomorrow

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

2) GEORGE FRED and WILLIAM KECK Blaire House

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

2) GEORGE FRED and WILLIAM KECK Crystal House

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

2) GEORGE FRED and WILLIAM KECK Sloan House The first modern Solar House

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

3) FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

3) FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Jacobs House

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

3) FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Jacobs House

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

3) FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Jacobs House

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

3) FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Jacobs House

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

3) FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Jacobs House

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

4) PASSIVE SOLAR Human Services Office Building New Mexico

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

4) PASSIVE SOLAR Passive and Hybrid Solar Multiple Housing

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

5) HOLLY and STEVE BAER Zome Housing

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

5) HOLLY and STEVE BAER Zome Housing

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

5) HOLLY and STEVE BAER Zome Housing

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

5) HOLLY and STEVE BAER Zome Housing

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD

5) HOLLY and STEVE BAER Zome Housing

CliC: Climate Construction Lecture Series by Asst. Prof. Matyas Gutai PhD