Springs, Winter 2025, Volume 64, No. 1 by Spring Manufacturers Institute

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President’s Message

Ask an Expert

When your child asks a question, and you don’t know the answer, what do you do? Some defer their response until they have an answer. Others make up an answer on the spot that may or may not be factual (guilty). Still others dig a bit deeper into the why of the question.

When SMI members asked for an economic outlook after our 2024 annual meeting, we contacted the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago to find an expert keynote speaker for our SMI Symposium at SpringWorld.

Since our Winter Springs magazine theme is “AI in Manufacturing,” I asked an expert how AI is being used in manufacturing and where it will be in 10 years. Here is what ChatGPT had to say:

AI is transforming manufacturing today in several critical areas, and in 10 years, it’s expected to play an even more expansive role. Here’s a look at current applications and some projections:

Current Use of AI in Manufacturing

1. Predictive Maintenance

4 Process Automation

2. Quality Control and Inspection 5 Energy Management

3. Supply Chain Optimization 6 Demand Forecasting

AI in Manufacturing in 10 Years

In the next decade AI in manufacturing is likely to become even more sophisticated, connected and autonomous:

1. Full Autonomous Factories 5 Real-Time, Dynamic

2. Self-Improving Supply Chains

Manufacturing Processes 6 AI-Enhanced R&D and

3. Hyper-Personalization Product Development and Customization 7 Enhanced Predictive Analytics

4. Advanced Human-Robot for Sustainability Collaboration 8 Cybersecurity in Manufacturing

AI is a tool that can be used in many evolving ways. Enjoy learning more about AI and its potential applications for springmakers in this issue of Springs.

“AI is the defining technology of our time, and what we’re going to see is the ability for machines to understand and interpret the world around them will transform every industry.” — Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft

Don Jacobson III Newcomb Spring Corp.

D3@newcombspring.com

Spring Manufacturers Institute Main phone z 847-450-6848

PO Box 5668

Gary McCoy z 847-450-6240

Elgin IL 60121 Gaby Carrasco z 847-857-6432

SMI Executive Committee

President: Don Jacobson III, Newcomb Spring

Vice President: David DeVoe, Plymouth Spring

Secretary/Treasurer: Dave Deerwester, The Yost Superior Co.

Past President: Gene Huber Jr., Winamac Coil Spring

At-Large: Joe Devany, Betts Company

Executive Director: Gary McCoy, SMI

SMI Board of Directors

Markus Arnold, WAFIOS I Tim Bianco, Iowa Spring I Jodi Boldenow, IDC Spring I Linda Froehlich, Ace Wire Spring & Form I Adam Jacobson, FENN/Torin I Don Lyons, JonSpring I Alex Melnikow, Midstate Spring I Tony Pesaresi, Winamac Coil Spring I Keith Porter Jr., Newcomb Spring I Monica Shafer, Novi Spring I Bernie Taylor, Hoosier Spring I Tim Zwit, Motion Dynamics Corporation

Springs Magazine Staff

Gary McCoy, Executive Director/Publisher, gary@smihq.org

Phil Sasso, Managing Editor, phil@smihq.org

Gaby Carrasco, Associate Editor, gaby@smihq.org Lisa Plefka Haskin, Art Director, lisahaskin95@gmail.com

Communications Committee

Chair, Keith Porter Jr., Newcomb Spring I Reb Banas, Stanley Spring & Stamping I Hale Foote, Scandic Springs, Inc. I Patrick Gillum, Gilco Spring of Florida, Inc. I Adam Jacobson, FENN/Torin I Lucas Karabin, Acme Monaco I Gary McCoy, SMI I Phil Sasso, SMI I Michael Shapiro, Gibraltar Corporation I Bill Wynn, Gardner Spring, Inc.

Advertising Sales I Japan

Ken Myohdai, Sakura International Inc.

Head Office: 3F,4F, ENDO Sakaisuji Bldg., 1-7-3, Bingomachi, Chuo-Ku, Osaka 541-0051, Japan

Phone: 81-6-6624-3601 I Fax: 81-6-6624-3602

Tokyo Global Office: 5F Kamei No. 2 Bldg., 2-17-13, Kiba, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 135-0042, Japan

Phone: 81-3-5646-1160 I Fax: 81-3-5646-1161

E-mail: info@sakurain.co.jp

Advertising Sales I Taiwan

Charlie Yu, Worldwide Services Co. Ltd. 11F-B, No 540, Sec. 1, Wen Hsin Rd. Taichung, 408 Taiwan

Phone: +886-4-2325-1784 I Fax: +886-4-2325-2967

E-mail: marketing@acw.com.tw

Springs (ISSN 0584-9667) is published quarterly by SMI Business Corp., a subsidiary of the Spring Manufacturers Institute: PO Box 5668, Elgin IL 60121 Phone: 847-450-6848; Website: smihq.org

Address all correspondence and editorial materials to this address.

The editors and publishers of Springs disclaim all warranties, express or implied, with respect to advertising and editorial content, and with respect to all manufacturing errors, defects or omissions made in connection with advertising or editorial material submitted for publication.

The editors and publishers of Springs disclaim all liability for special or consequential damages resulting from errors, defects or omissions in the manufacturing of this publication, any submission of advertising, editorial or other material for publication in Springs shall constitute an agreement with and acceptance of such limited liability.

The editors and publishers of Springs assume no responsibility for the opinions or facts in signed articles, except to the extent of expressing the view, by the fact of publication, that the subject treated is one which merits attention.

Do not reproduce without written permission.

Cover designed by Lisa Plefka Haskin utilizing Shutterstock imagery.

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Don Jacobson III

RK Trading’s CSX series of Herdon formers keeps your operation running smoothly. This technology offers a high-speed 20-Axis All-Servo Wire Former that supports multiple servo spinners, the 4-axis AT system and the EA attachment. With a next-generation processor and larger touch-screen monitor, this enhanced operating system provides increased versatility and faster production speeds so you can make more parts complete in less time.

Give us a call today to get up and running with a 20-Axis All-Servo Wire Former from Herdon. SCAN HERE

NORTH AMERICA

Vulcan Spring & Manufacturing Co. has acquired Gardner Spring, Inc., a Tulsabased stock spring manufacturer with roots dating back to 1907. The acquisition broadened Vulcan’s product offerings and strengthened its position in the market for custom and stock springs.

“We’re excited to bring Gardner Spring into the Vulcan family,” said Scott Rankin, President of Vulcan Spring & Manufacturing. “This acquisition isn’t just about growth; it’s about reinforcing our commitment to quality and broadening what we can accomplish for our customers. Gardner Spring has built a strong reputation, and together, we’re in a great position to keep pushing boundaries and delivering exceptional solutions.”

Gardner Spring will continue to operate independently in Tulsa, providing springs and wireforms for clients across North America. Vulcan Spring & Manufacturing Co., based in Telford, Pennsylvania, specializes in springs for the aerospace, medical and retail industries. The union is a natural fit for industry growth.

Lisa Bayne recently acquired Century Spring Manufacturing after 10 years as CEO. Now a WOSB (Women Owned Small Business) targeting set-aside contracts, Bayne brings a vision for growth with her expertise in engineering and spring manufacturing.

“Our team of 35 employees at our 40,000-square-foot facility looks forward to this next chapter of continued development,” said Brad Aylett, sales manager.

Century Spring Manufacturing is an aerospace AS9100D-certified facility. Originally founded as a spring manufacturer more than 50 years ago, its capabilities have expanded under Bayne’s leadership to include: patent processing, NADCAP heat treating, HAAS CNC milling, laser cutting and wire EDM (electrical discharge machining).

Global Highlights

IDC Spring celebrated the 50th anniversary of its Minnesota location on Oct. 30, 2024. In commemoration, an IDC Spring Family Cookbook was created by collecting more than 80 recipes from team members at all three locations.

“It really does bring people together,” said Jodi Boldenow, CEO, “I love that it represents the cultures and backgrounds of so many people.”

The book’s forward explains, “This collection of recipes reflects the best thing about IDC — our people. This cookbook celebrates the diverse people of IDC, their families, cultures and favorite dishes. Thank you for your unique contributions over the last 50 years. Our people have been and always will be the key ingredient to our recipe for success.”

The book contains entries from IDC employees across Minnesota, Arizona and Ohio. Recipes cover many dishes such as lefse, Colima-style sopitos and sandwich shortbread cookies.

Century Spring Manufacturing in Bristol, Connecticut.

Jodi Boldenow and Jeremy Sizer, second generation owners of IDC Spring, celebrate the company’s 50th anniversary.

For 40 years, Mickel Gray has been a steady hand behind Newcomb Spring Corp’s shipping and receiving department. Beginning his career as a temporary employee, Gray steadfastly advanced through the organization to become shipping and receiving manager.

“It is pretty incredible to hear his story,” said office manager Misty Tyler. “He came in the door as a fresh-faced kid and became the head of a department and an integral part of the team.”

General manager Jeff Jacobson added, “His dedication ensures customer trust from the moment they see the package.”

Gray’s work ethic has created a career built on excellent logistics that drive customer satisfaction.

Julie Bruno, Ace Wire Spring & Form Co. Inc., was recognized by MetalForming magazine as a Woman of Excellence in Metal Forming and Fabricating. In addition to her community service, Bruno has excelled for more than 15 years as an engineering assistant at Ace, acting as an intermediary with extensive knowledge of the quoting process.

“Beyond her professional leadership, Julie engages with local schools by organizing Manufacturing Day events, inspiring and educating the next generation about careers in manufacturing,” explained Linda Froehlich, CEO. “This initiative reflects her dedication to the industry and her commitment to nurturing future talent.”

To read more about Bruno and the award, visit www.metalformingmagazine.com.

M & S Spring Company recently announced the passing of William “Bill” Tillinger Sr., 78, Nov. 13, 2024. Tillinger was best known for his leadership and dedication to M & S Spring Company, a family business based in Fraser, Michigan. In 2020, M & S Spring became part of Lee Spring, where Tillinger’s sons continue his legacy.

He was the beloved father of William “Bill” Jr. (Jennifer) and Frank (Karen), and a proud grandfather to Kayla (Justin) Walch, Gina and Jessica, as well as a great-grandfather to Natasha. He was a dear brother to Kathleen (the late Herman) Schneider and was predeceased by his siblings Joseph (Karen), Barbara “Bunny” Bloemeke and Suzanne (Barry) Lindsey. Tillinger is survived by many nieces and nephews, who remember him with great affection.

Memorial contributions may be made to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Memories and condolences can be shared with the family through their online guestbook at www.WujekCalcaterra.com.

Mickel Gray (r), a 40-year employee at Newcomb Spring of Georgia is pictured with general manager, Jeff Jacobson.

Julie Bruno

INTERNATIONAL

wire and Tube Eurasia will be held April 9–12, 2025, at the Tüyap Fair Convention and Congress Center in Istanbul, Turkey. In collaboration with Tüyap Exhibitions Group and Messe Düsseldorf, the event is projected to attract more than 15,000 industry professionals and approximately 400 exhibitors.

Previously known as Tube and Steel Istanbul and WireTech Istanbul, the shows will present the latest innovations in wires, cables, pipes, iron and steel production. The 2023 edition hosted 320 exhibitors and more than 10,000 attendees.

The events aim to draw significant interest from European nations. “Turkey is the perfect meeting place between Europe, Asia and Africa,” said Ilhan Ersözlü, general manager of Tüyap Exhibitions Group. By welcoming hundreds of international exhibitors, wire and Tube Eurasia hopes to facilitate business relationships and the economic expansion of Turkey through export opportunities.

The 2024 wire and Tube China trade fairs at the Shanghai New International Expo Center (SNIEC), Sept. 25–28, marked the event’s 20th anniversary. The shows attracted 53,173 attendees from 99 countries and regions, featuring 1,500 corporate brands across one million square feet of exhibit space. Coordinated by Messe Düsseldorf, the exhibitions united global manufacturers, suppliers and experts.

Wire highlighted resource and recycling solutions and precision measurement and control technology. Exhibits were accompanied by 60 expert presentations.

“I make it a point to attend wire China with the intention to learn. This year, I was particularly impressed by the quality of the forums,” said Xie Wang of Qingdao Excellent Carbon Products Co., Ltd.

For more information on wire and Tube Eurasia 2025 or wire and Tube China 2026, contact Messe Düsseldorf North America at 312-781-5180 or info@mdna.com.

The European Union’s Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) was passed Oct. 10, 2024, mandating new security measures for a broad range of connected devices, such as smart home products, vehicles and industrial control systems.

“With this new ‘security by design’ principle, manufacturers must deploy updated software to address any security vulnerabilities that arise after a product’s delivery,” said Jan Wendenburg, CEO, ONEKEY GmbH

Products that fail to meet these requirements will be banned from sale within the European Union and may incur fines of up to $16 million or 2.5% of a company’s total annual revenue. z

At Anchor Abrasives we specialize in the design and manufacture of resin, epoxy and oxychloride bonded nut inserted discs and cylinders...plus centerless and rollwheels.

Today, in our modern manufacturing facility, we are ready to continue our tradition of innovative quality products and unmatched customer service. For more information contact Anchor Abrasives Company, 7651 West 185th Street, Tinley Park, IL 60477 U.S.A. Phone: 708-444-4300; Fax: 708-444-1300.

At Anchor Abrasives we specialize in the design and manufacture of resin, epoxy and oxychloride bonded nut inserted discs and cylinders...plus centerless and rollwheels. Today, in our modern manufacturing facility, we are ready to continue our tradition of innovative quality products and unmatched customer service. For more information contact Anchor Abrasives Company, 7651 West 185th Street, Tinley Park, IL 60477 U.S.A. Phone: 708-444-4300; Fax: 708-444-1300.

continuing the tradition at Anchor Abrasives.

Jack and Jeff Shoemaker, second and third generations continuing the tradition at Anchor Abrasives.

SpringWorld 2024 Huge Success

SpringWorld 2024 in Rosemont, Illinois, Oct. 2–4, was very well received. With the premiere of the combined SMI Educational Symposium and CASMI Expo, SpringWorld is now North America’s foremost spring industry event. The event boasted 100 exhibitors, and attendance edged near pre-pandemic levels.

Spring Fling Dinner Dance

We invite all CASMI members, 2024 SpringWorld exhibitors and guests to join us for the CASMI Biennial Spring Fling Dinner Dance at Loews Chicago O’Hare Hotel Feb. 15, 2025.

Mingle with your friends and colleagues for a festive evening of cocktails, dinner and dancing. A live DJ will be spinning dance tunes all evening long. Loews also offers convenient accommodations for those who wish to spend the night.

Plan to bring your spouse or loved one to celebrate CASMI and the spring industry.

Registration closes Feb. 7. For pricing and registration, visit https://bit.ly/CASMI-fling25.

Upcoming CASMI Events

Jan. 16 Member Event, Maggiano’s, Oak Brook, Illinois

Feb. 15 Biennial Spring Fling Dinner Dance, Loews Hotel, Rosemont, Illinois

March 20 Member Event, Pinstripes, Oak Brook, Illinois

May 22 Plant Tour, location TBD

June 19 Golf Outing, Cog Hill, Lemont, Illinois Events are subject to change. Visit www.casmi-springworld for the latest information.

The Benefits of CASMI Membership

Join CASMI or renew today to take advantage of a full year of events. In the fast-evolving world of spring manufacturing and metal forming, success hinges on access to the right resources, connections and industry insights. By joining the CASMI, businesses gain far more than membership — they join a community dedicated to shaping the future of their industry.

CASMI provides unparalleled networking, exclusive event access and visibility to help members stay ahead. Whether you’re a manufacturer or a supplier, CASMI membership opens doors to new opportunities and lasting industry relationships. For companies within the spring and metal forming industry, CASMI offers targeted memberships designed to foster growth, networking and industry presence.

Primary Company membership is tailored to spring and wire product manufacturers. A designated representative, ideally a company leader, holds voting rights, receives industry updates and manages the company’s CASMI profile. This membership allows up to three additional individuals from the company to engage in CASMI activities, making it a strategic choice for manufacturers looking to expand their industry footprint.

Associate Company membership caters to SpringWorld exhibitors, metal suppliers and service providers. Associate members gain access to CASMI events like the annual golf outing and exclusive meetings, all at reduced rates. Marketing benefits include a free listing on CASMI's website and the right to display CASMI's logo in advertising and promotional materials.

For spring manufacturers and industry partners, CASMI’s member offerings include enriching dinner meetings with networking and informative presentations, the biennial Spring Fling Dinner Dance, the annual golf outing and other special gatherings.

Members receive valuable development opportunities for employees, such as exclusive access to the association scholarship program, continuing education reimbursements and OSHA compliance support. The CASMI Connections newsletter, an additional benefit, keeps members informed on association updates throughout the year.

Membership spans January to December and provides exclusive access to discounted member rates on association events. CASMI fosters business connections, personal growth and spring industry connections.

For more information, visit www.casmi-springworld.org or contact the office at info@casmi-springworld.org.

NESMA

By Lucas Karabin, Acme Monaco, NESMA President

Golf Event Supports Scholarships

The New England Spring and Metalstamping Association’s (NESMA’s) August golf outing at the Farmington Country Club garnered generous sponsorships and positive feedback. We exceeded our expectations. There were 122 golfers, and many people came for the social gathering following the golf event. This marked the first occurrence of a hail-filled thunderstorm in the afternoon, but the morning weather was delightful.

The annual NESMA golf outing is our top fundraiser, generating generous contributions from our members. Over the years, we’ve boosted our scholarship awards thanks to tournament proceeds.

This year’s event winners were new participants George LaCapra Jr. and John Barto from Unimetal Surface Finishing, along with their guests, Chris Carey and Kevin Lariviere from Stewart EFI.

FLM Co-Hosts Social

NESMA’s Future Leaders of Manufacturing (FLM) collaborated with SMA (Smaller Manufacturers Association) to co-host a social event at Chesire Brewing July 30. The catered event had a great turnout. FLM offers a unique opportunity for manufacturing newcomers to engage with the industry through networking events to attract and hire the next wave of manufacturing professionals.

Technical Advisory Panel Engages Educators and Advocates

We are currently dedicating significant effort to our technical advisory panel. We encourage members to get involved and interact with a range of educators and organizations advocating for the manufacturing industry. Al Mangel’s committee leadership is unparalleled. Organizations such as Connstep, Bristol Works, Naugatuck Community College, Tunxis Community College, area high schools and Ready CT frequently provide updates and seek manufacturer feedback.

We’re collaborating with the Manufacturing Alliance Service Corporation (MASC) in Waterbury to reinstate our manufacturing training programs. MASC offers new and innovative programs, such as training for machining centers and plating technology. We have also maintained regular communication with Tunxis Community College, which is making a concerted effort to establish a training center on Spring Lane in Farmington, Connecticut. The center is projected to open in early 2025 after a January ribbon cutting. They are seeking full-time employees.

Upcoming NESMA Events

March 7 Scholarship application deadline

For an updated calendar of NESMA events, visit www.nesma-usa.com

Among the many groups that participated in the annual golf outing, there was lots of fun and camaraderie.

Join NESMA

As I conclude my term as NESMA President in 2024, I’d like to highlight some points that may not be obvious to everyone. The spring industry has deep roots in New England, where equipment, tooling and springmaking techniques were initially developed and later re-engineered over several generations. By joining NESMA and participating in our events, companies can network with leaders in spring manufacturing, tooling, material manufacturing and equipment production. Our events bring together an industry eager to nurture the next generation of talent while also paying tribute to our history.

Why join NESMA? Becoming a member of NESMA not only grants you industry

visibility but also provides networking opportunities. For less than the cost of a magazine advertisement, you can be recognized by your peers. Moreover, membership will greatly enhance your reputation in the spring industry. Throughout my eight years on the board, I have witnessed economic shifts and increasing demand for talent in various areas such as springs, precision materials, toolmaking and stamping. NESMA is committed to identifying the needs of our members, starting with workforce development. As a collective group, we can continue as global spring industry leaders.

For membership details and to apply, visit www.nesma-usa.com. z

Laura Helmrich-Rhodes, CSP, Ed.D.

Who is Performing the Safety Function?

Your Answer May be Costing You!

Many years ago, as a part of my doctoral dissertation at the University of Pittsburgh, I set out on a quest to answer the question: “Who is performing the safety function?”

The survey results of human resources (HR) managers shed light on the situation. It laid the groundwork for the academic preparation of HR managers and much-needed further research.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2023, there were 208,900 HR jobs in the U.S. Just 10% of those were in manufacturing. I am still curious about who performs the safety function, especially in smaller companies with no degreed safety professional and sometimes no degreed HR manager. There are many legal obligations in this era and many different ways to diagnose if ownership is fulfilling their obligations.

In addition to my on-site consultations this past summer, I’m studying for another professional designation exam – in human resources! I am again intrigued by how “safety happens on the shop floor.”

The answers vary, and so does the effectiveness. Some contacts have no answer to my questions, while others answer directly and with assurance. Both responses are telling.

I’m not the only one asking these questions. Believe it or not, several of your stakeholders are asking questions they use to determine the health of your accident prevention efforts, level of commitment and regulation compliance. Your answers may be costing you money.

OSHA is asking. They have the authority to reduce penalties based on management commitment. Your workers’ compensation and property/general liability underwriters are also asking. Each has specific questions

about accident investigation and preventative efforts. Can you prove you have a system in place and recommendations are being completed?

Before you give up on this discussion, let me assure you it applies to you from the largest to the smallest company, from owners down to the individual shop floor employees. The impact is not only on the safety process but also the cost associated with incomplete or incorrect answers. Everyone must be able to answer the questions, especially an OSHA Compliance Officer (CSHO) and insurance risk control representatives (Hint: they are the eyes and ears of underwriting.) Other stakeholders are those auditing for federal contracts, municipal code enforcement and the EPA, to name a few.

Some questions need confident answers, without hesitation, to assure the auditor or CSHO that employee safety is engrained as a part of your daily operations. To better understand what I am saying, see the sample list of questions (see next page) and think about why they ask these. What are they trying to better understand by asking?

If you can’t answer those questions confidently, it is time to formalize your safety efforts and perhaps get some formal training for key individuals. An effective environmental, health and safety (EHS) program is a system, the same as any process already in place. A helpful hint: Many readers’ organizations are ISO certified. That same framework can be used for the EHS program and the mandated safety and health efforts. The Plan-Do-Check-Act process is the same for safety programs and procedures. If you want to get on board with that, see ISO 45001 for more information.

Be Aware

Laura Helmrich-Rhodes, CSP, Ed.D., is SMI's regulatory compliance consultant. She is an associate professor in the Safety Sciences Department at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, teaching graduate and undergraduate classes. Contact Rhodes at SMI: 847-450-6848 laurahrhodes@gmail.com

The OSHA safety management resource listed below has many helpful clickable documents to help formalize or upgrade efforts. Similar to lean manufacturing, everything has its place, and every place has its thing. It is the same with safety — everyone has responsibilities, and every responsibility is assigned.

Start with a written policy statement. Ownership always has the ultimate responsibility for employee safety and environmental impact, but daily tasks must be completed, done correctly and documented. Those daily,

Sample List of Questions Often Used to Determine Safety Operations

How do you dispose of oily rags?

Does the safety committee have a written charter?

What do you do for a variety of emergencies? (examples: fire or tornado, active shooter)

Tell me about how you investigate worker injuries.

Do you investigate property damage?

Who is in charge of replacing chemical labels when they can’t be read?

Do you require truck drivers to chock the wheels before the forklift enters the truck?

Who inspects the slings, hooks, chains and hoists? Where do you keep those records?

Show me your OSHA-mandated written programs.

Who submits the electronic OSHA data? Where do you post the forms? When are they posted?

Who has the authority to stop unsafe work?

Who reviews the accident investigations?

Do you have a doctor panel and a return-to-work program for injured employees?

How often do you conduct safety training? What topics?

Have you had noise or air quality testing done? Does anyone wear a respirator? Is it voluntary, or do you require it?

Who changes the light bulbs in the shop? Who maintains the HVAC?

How often do you clean the dust collector?

Who handles the hazardous waste labeling and manifests?

Sources and Helpful Links

Starting or Improving your Safety and Health Program www.osha.gov/safety-management/additional-resources-by-topic

National Safety Council, Safety & Health Magazine Safety Leadership: Making Initiatives Stick www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/25974-safety-leadership-leadingchange-how-to-make-initiatives-stick Colleges and Universities with Safety Degrees and Certificates www.osha.gov/otiec

weekly, monthly or annual tasks are often assigned to supervisors and even individual employees. Occasionally, HR participates or measures completion.

If confidence is the problem, then invest in some formal training. Local colleges, universities and even your safety consultant may have courses such as the OSHA 10-hour training (geared to workers and supervisors). Research shows that many HR managers are not skilled in the added tasks of EHS, and they, too, need more training. The National Safety Council has a well-received safety supervisor certificate program. I am most familiar with the West Virginia University Safety & Health Extension. They have reasonably priced courses and certificate programs. Many safety classes are online and taught by highly qualified safety pros. (See the resources below for more information on education near you.) Some are undergraduate courses, while others are focused on plant-level employees.

In the meantime, what can be done to structure your safety efforts so they are not in obvious disarray? Are there individuals who can champion the process and to whom you can begin to assign EHS responsibilities? Are there employees who seem interested? Who has been asking for the CPR and first aid classes? Does anyone have suggestions for efficiency improvements? Those are the people to help cultivate that enthusiasm. Many answers to questions (or lack of answers) shed light on overall workplace culture, especially EHS. Instead of a “deer in the headlights” reaction, create and implement a system so the process works. It’s time to get organized and efficient in EHS too. z

International Labor Organization, Measuring Key Performance Indicators in Safety and Health, retrieved 11/9/2024

www.ilo.org/publications/collecting-data-and-measuring-keyperformance-indicators-occupational

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook (retrieved 11/10/2024) www.bls.gov

West Virginia University Safety Extension (Online and in-person courses) extension.wvu.edu/community-business-safety/safety-health

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS for Spring Makers

DELTA GA05

Downfeed Spring End Grinder

Wire Capacity: 0.023 – 0.197" (0.6 – 5.0mm)

SAS SAS CT-20000HS Spring Tester

Rec. Load Capacity 20000N / 4500.0lbf

DELTA DF 1020

Spring Former

Wire Capacity: 0.016-0.098" (0.4-2.5mm)

DELTA D-816 Spring Coiler

Wire Capacity: 0.016"-0.079" (0.4-2.0mm)

WHY GIBRALTAR?

For 20 years, we’ve proudly offered spring and wire form producers cost-effective, innovative manufacturing solutions and technical support. From stand-alone equipment to fully customized solutions, allow us to help you find the perfect solution for your requirements.

Dan Sebastian

Dean of Springs

Garbage in, Garbage Out

We are living in exciting times.

The promises of AI (artificial Intelligence) are inspiring and can assist us in our decision-making and equipment operations. There will be miscues, like with any new technology, but the potential is great.

I remember my first computer science class (the AI of my era). The professor began his first lecture to this group of early adaptors by saying “If you put garbage in, you will get garbage out.”

Keep in mind that AI technology is being driven by the people who write the code and algorithms in the background, so it is likely to be influenced by them. That said, looking at how the mother of AI (computer science) changed the world of springs may be helpful.

In the 1960s, computers were nothing more than storage devices. They allowed you to quickly retrieve data using mathematics from simple algebra or complex calculus. They still do, but the retrieval methods are far more sophisticated.

When I first started working at the Associated Spring Research Center, I tried to use the company’s mainframe computer to analyze the data I had collected with linear regression analysis to confirm its accuracy. It worked well, except the processing power needed interfered with other jobs, so I kept being booted out. Today a hand-held scientific calculator can do this calculation instantantly.

Back then, springmakers used computers to track finances and manage operations. Eventually, we were provided handheld programable calculators, which helped engineers and manufacturing staff improve spring design and configuration.

While computer technologies were revolutionizing information processing for spring engineers and managers, the manufacturing sector was about to catch up with the

introduction of fractional stepping motors, which ushered in CNC (computer numerical control) spring coilers. Hydraulic servos were used until high-horsepower servo motors could take over. The servo motors also paved the way for wireforming machines.

Eventually, the basic forming operation of a CNC coiler (or wireformer) was augmented by quality control measuring devices that advanced simple good/bad sorters to statistical control devices that collected data that could detect the difference in normal variation and correct for abnormal machine variations. This improved process capabilities.

Hot coiling springmakers also benefited from CNC technology. The bar diameter could be made variable, which allows a constant ID spring to give you control over the rate during compression.

The engineering, design and manufacturing of springs improved by the introduction of computer technologies and have been augmented by vision systems that give spring engineers the ability to specify the threedimensional characteristics of a spring.

It remains to be seen where AI will fit into springmaking, but the potential may be limitless. In the end, as with any technology, its effectiveness will only be as good as the information used to develop it and the information it receives.

My professor’s refrain “garbage in, garbage out” may never have been so important. We must always expect the unexpected. There is no substitute for common sense. z

Dan Sebastian is a former SMI president. He holds a degree in metallurgical engineering from Lehigh University, and his industry career spans more than four decades in various technical and management roles.

Contact Sebastian at SMI: 847-450-6848.

C. Richard (Rick) Gordon

Back to Basics — Torsion Springs

SMI currently offers six spring design training courses, primarily as online webinars. SMI transitioned from in-person to online training during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has allowed us to cost-effectively train more students. In our 45 course offerings through October 2024, 857 students completed training sessions and gave favorable evaluations for all our courses.

Our first three courses, 201 Compression Spring Design, 202 Extension Spring Design and 203 Torsion Spring Design, include basic information on these spring types. We decided to feature each spring type in a series of articles in Springs, including compression springs in the Winter 2024 and extension springs in the Summer 2024 issues.1,2

Torsion Springs

The 203 Torsion Spring Design training module was first offered in 2020. Gene Huber Jr., past SMI technical committee chairman, past SMI president and executive vice president at Winamac Coil Spring, Inc., championed this module.

Torsion springs are a common type of spring but behave slightly differently from the others. Instead of the linear pushing or pulling force, we see with compression and extension springs, they provide torque or

moment and store rotational energy when actuated. It is recommended that torsion springs be actuated or loaded in a direction that causes the body diameter to decrease. The two most common types are single and double-bodied torsion springs. Torsion springs are made of body coils and usually legs which may have several bends. The body coils of the spring produce the majority of the spring characteristics, with the spring ends or legs used to transmit torque to the component to which the spring is attached. Ends or legs are often described by their orientation as they come off the coil body, such as 1) tangential, 2) axial or 3) radial (internal or external). The end type is selected to meet specific design requirements. Examples are shown in Figure 1. Some common products which utilize torsion springs are shown in Figure 2. The number of body coils can vary from one or two coils to more than 100. Torsion springs are generally mounted around a shaft or arbor and must be supported at three or more points. The size of the arbor is important to keep the spring’s body in the right position and shape. The ideal shaft size is equal to or slightly less than 90% of the spring inside diameter when the spring is fully deflected (minimum diameter)3

Figure 1. Common cylindrical helical torsion spring types and end configurations.

A. Single Torsion Spring with Tangential Legs

Single Torsion Spring with Special Ends

Double Torsion Spring with Tangential Legs

E. Single Torsion Spring with Short Radial Hook Ends

C. D. E.

Figure 2. Common products using torsion springs include a mouse trap, a grip strength trainer, cabinet door hinges and springs for garage doors.

Friction between the coils in the spring body, and between the spring and the shaft means this type of spring is less precise and repeatable than others. Binding on a shaft due to improper sizing can lead to spring failures or issues in testing.

Torsion springs are usually made of round wire and are close wound. “Close wound” means the adjacent coils in the coil body are touching. They can be produced as pitched springs with space between the coils. Pitch for both spring types is defined as the distance between the midpoint of adjacent coils. Friction between coils is minimized with pitched springs.

Torsion springs are stressed in bending and should be loaded in a direction that causes its body diameter to decrease, as shown in Figure 3. This is because residual forming stresses are favorable in this direction3. Where maximum energy storage is required in a given space, square or rectangular wires may provide the best solution. This is because the wire cross-section can store more energy and is thus more efficient in bending than round wire. Square or rectangular wires are also more expensive. In some applications, the cost premium can be justified for the application.

Cylindrical helical torsion spring dimensional, deflection, force and torque definitions are shown in Figure 4.

Body Length (LB) of a torsion spring is the distance along the coil body in the axial direction (excluding legs) when no load is applied.

Mean Coil Diameter (D) is the average of the outside and inside coil diameters. It is an important parameter for many spring calculations.

Wire diameter (d) is the size of the material and is an important design parameter. Figure 5 shows some additional information for torsion springs, in particular defining α, the angle between ends, and Θ, the angular deflection from the free position. Moment arm L is shown along with P, the load at the moment arm length.

A torsion spring is actuated by applying a force (P) to the leg of the spring at a distance (R or L), the moment arm length, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, respectively. (A force acting at a distance is called a “moment.”) The leg length and moment arm length are generally not the same.

When actuated, torsion spring moment arms can also bend and contribute to the spring’s properties. It is like adding extra coils into the spring design. A way to take this into account is by adjusting the number of active coils, Na. The moment arm contribution can be calculated as:

Ne = L1 + L2 3*π*D

Where:

N e = the effective number of additional active coils due to the bending of the legs

L1 = The length of the moment arm of the first leg

L2 = The length of the moment arm of the second leg

π = constant (3.1416)

D = mean spring diameter

The new number of active coils (Na) then becomes:

N a = Nb + N e

Where Nb is the number of planned body coils. The number of active coils is important for calculating spring rate. As we’ll see, the spring rate decreases as the number of active coils increases.

Several parameters not shown are also important spring parameters, such as:

Spring Rate (k) — The change in torque per unit angular deflection (turn).

Young’s modulus (E) — Also known as the modulus of elasticity or elastic modulus. This mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials defines the relationship between tensile stress (force per unit area) and tensile strain (proportional deformation).

Spring Index (C) — Ratio of a spring’s mean diameter (D) to wire diameter (d).

Figure 3. Schematic representation of a force applied to a helical torsion spring, which results in bending of the wire in the spring’s body generating a bending stress (Figure courtesy of George Fournier, retired director of engineering, Acme Monaco).

Length

Density (ρ) — The degree of compactness of a substance. This is used for calculating spring weight and the spring’s natural frequency.

Table 1 (next page) of spring nomenclature is a great tool that students have found useful. Many spring companies produce springs for international clients, and the table shows the different U.S. and international spring symbols used for common parameters. U.S. and international units of measure for the parameters are also shown.

Direction of Winding

A torsion spring can be left-hand wound or right-hand wound. Unlike compression and extension springs, direction of wind is critical in torsion springs and cannot be considered optional.

Formulas

Formulas for stored energy, spring rate and stress in torsion springs are shown below.

Stored Energy

Energy storage capacity4 (ESC) for torsion springs can be calculated using the following formulas for round and square wire, omitting the stress concentration factor:

ESC = S2 8E (for round wire)

ESC = S2 6E (for square wire)

Where:

S = bending stress

E = modulus of elasticity, elastic modulus, or Young’s modulus

ESC for square wire is higher because the denominator is smaller.

Ends in Free Position

Specify: α = Angle between ends

P = Load on ends at α

L = Moment arm

θ = Angular Deflection from Free Position

Spring Rate

For torsion springs, the equation to calculate the spring rate (k) is:

k = Ed4 10.8NaD

Where:

E = modulus of elasticity, elastic modulus or Young’s modulus

d = wire diameter

N a = number of active coils

D = mean spring diameter

The constant 10.8 is greater than the theoretical factor of 10.2 to allow for friction between adjacent coils and between the spring body and the support shaft.

When measuring spring rate, the following equation can be used:

k = M Θ

Where:

M — The moment or torque at a deflection or position.

Θ — angular deflection from the free position expressed as turns or rotations

In most cases, angular deflection is measured in degrees, and the equation becomes:

k = M Θ*360 = Ed4 10.8NaD*360

It is interesting that since wire diameter (d) is raised to the fourth power, any changes in wire size will have a large impact on spring rate. A 10% change in wire diameter leads to an approximate 48% change in spring rate. The number of active coils (Na) and mean coil diameter (D) are not raised to a power. A 10% change in these values results in a proportional change in spring rate.

Figure 4. Helical cylindrical torsion spring dimensional, deflection, force and torque definitions (After Figure ST-14 Encyclopedia of Spring Design3).

Figure 5. Helical cylindrical torsion spring parameters for specifying load and deflection requirements (Figure S-31 Encyclopedia of Spring Design3).

Technically Speaking

Table 1: Helical Torsion Spring Nomenclature

(OD+ID)/2

Body length — Close-coiled spring

Effective number of additional active coils due to leg bending L

Body length — Open-coiled spring

C. Richard (Rick) Gordon is the technical director for SMI. He is available to help SMI members and non-members with metallurgical challenges such as fatigue life, corrosion, material and process-related problems.

Contact Gordon at 574-514-9367 or c.richard.gordon@ gmail.com.

Stress

The stress in torsion springs is due to bending of the wire in the coil body, which is a flexural stress as shown in Figure 3.

The equation for stress in a torsion spring is:

S = 32M S ππd3 KBID

Where:

S = bending stress

M = The moment or torque at a deflection or position.

π = 3.1416

d = wire diameter

KBID = stress correction factor

Details on the stress correction factor can be found in the SMI Encyclopedia of Spring Design3

The good news is that spring rate and stress values are calculated directly in the Advanced Spring Design (ASD) software5

Summary

This article presents basic information on helical torsion springs to help new associates in the spring industry and industry veterans. Some helpful hints when designing torsion springs for users of SMI’s Advanced Spring Design (ASD) software will be discussed in a separate Springs article.

Compression springs, along with an article describing the use of ASD software for compression springs, were discussed in previous

Springs articles1,6. Extension springs, along with an article describing the use of ASD software for extension springs, were discussed in previous Springs articles2,7 z

References

1. Gordon, C.R., Back to Basics — Compression Springs, Springs, Winter 2024, p. 19.

2. Gordon, C.R., Back to Basics — Extension Springs, Springs, Summer 2024, p. 21.

3. Encyclopedia of Spring Design, Compression, Extension, Garter and Torsion Springs, SMI 2000.

4. Encyclopedia of Spring Design, Fundamentals of Spring Design, SMI 2000.

5. Advanced Spring Design (ASD) software, www.smihq.org, www.uts.com/Products/asd

6. Gordon, C.R., Designing Compression Springs Using SMI’s ASD Software, Springs, Spring 2024, p. 19.

7. Gordon, C.R., Designing Extension Springs Using SMI’s ASD Software, Springs, Fall 2024, p. 21.

Want to Learn More?

For a detailed treatment of measurement and testing of torsion springs along with compression springs and extension springs, be sure to enroll in the next SMI 304 Dimensioning, Tolerancing and Testing webinar, scheduled for Thursday, February 20, 2025, 1–5 p.m. Eastern time. To register, visit https://bit.ly/SMItechclasses.

SMI also offers on-site technical services. If you would like one of our experts to teach a training module at your location, please contact SMI for information and pricing.

Artificial Intelligence in the Spring Industry

By Phil Sasso

About 72% of manufacturers reported that deploying artificial intelligence (AI) technology reduced costs and improved operational efficiency, according to a survey by The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM). However, with the potential cost of AI implementation, you may want to consider your return on investment (ROI).

“According to our survey, 83% of [manufacturing] companies think AI has made or will make a practical and visible impact,” says consulting firm Deloitte. “Among these, 27% believe AI projects have already brought value to their companies and 56% think these projects will bring value in 2-5 years.”

AI on the Shop Floor

Areas of focus for AI in manufacturing include predictive maintenance, quality control, supply chain optimization, robotics and automation.

The World Economic Forum (WEF) says investment in manufacturing AI is expected to grow to $16.7 billion by 2026 from $1.1 billion in 2020. “This could not only boost revenue and lower costs, it could also reduce risk and transform manufacturing,” says WEF.

“Yet, it is still in its infancy and has been slow to make inroads in traditional manufacturing and quality management, such as wire and spring manufacturing,” Anand Bhagwat writes in Applying AI in the Spring Industry (p. 26). “The application of AI in the spring industry offers significant potential to improve operational efficiency by reducing setup time and eliminating scrap. It can also reduce manual sampling and testing frequency.”

But AI’s abilities are only as good as the input. “Garbage in, garbage out,” Dan Sebastian, The Dean of Springs (p. 17), reminds us in his column. “Keep in mind that AI technology is being driven by the people who write the code and algorithms in the background, so it is likely to be influenced by them.”

AI in the Front Office

The influence of AI may touch marketing, management and human resources in more ways as AI-enhancements are rolled into the current applications being used day-to-day.

“As manufacturers seek ways to stay competitive in an increasingly digital world, AI-driven marketing presents exciting opportunities and

practical challenges,” advises Jackie Bozart in The Pros & Cons of AI in B2B Marketing (p. 28). “Ultimately, the key to success will be finding the right balance — leveraging AI to drive efficiencies and insights while ensuring that personal relationships and authentic engagement remain at the heart of marketing strategies.”

On the human resources front, recent job seeker and interim SMI Communications and Administrative Coordinator Rebecca Hathaway points out the downside of using AI search tools for recruiting. “In theory, automated systems reduce bias by scoring applicants against an objective data set. Yet bias persists,” she writes in her Podcast Picks (p. 57) overview of The TED AI Show episode “How AI is Changing Who Gets Hired — and Who Doesn’t.”

“Foundational training is important in any job, but especially in the spring industry,” observes SMI Executive Director Gary McCoy in A Message from Gary (p. 51). “While technology is always changing with advances like artificial intelligence … fundamentals and foundations never go out of style.”

AI in the Future

In his President’s Message (p. 4), SMI President Don Jacobson III prompted ChatGPT by asking how AI is being used in manufacturing today and where it will be in a decade. The response for today included predictive maintenance and demand forecasting, while the projection for tomorrow covered the spectrum from AI in cybersecurity to overseeing a fully autonomous factory.

In my Book Corner (p. 59) review of “Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI,” author Ethan Mollick pictures a foreseeable future of AI as a co-worker that needs human guard rails. “His vision is not of AI replacing people but of AI augmenting our skills and capabilities — a digital tutor, assistant, colleague and coach all in one.”

While we’re looking in our crystal ball, contributor Phillip M. Perry says in his forecast A Welcome Economic Rebound (p. 32), “Manufacturers can look forward to a gradually improving operating environment in 2025, thanks to lower interest rates, moderating inflation and steady, if unspectacular, growth in the nation’s overall economic activity.”

Considering its meteoric growth and stock market impact, AI’s evolution will likely continue to be a major player in the economy, recovery and your business. z

By Anand Bhagwat Metallurgical Consultant

Applying AI

IN THE SPRING INDUSTRY

Talk of artificial intelligence (AI) is everywhere — it brings a wide range of opinions and comments, particularly about its impact of our daily lives (including job losses, technological advancements and more). Some are based on facts, and some on fiction.

In the simplest terms, artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as “a machine’s ability to learn, comprehend, resolve and decide like the human brain.” You have likely heard of ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot and others. These popular models are a form of generative AI trained to respond to frequently queried tasks. However, AI in manufacturing is a different subset of technology largely customized and built to solve individual needs. Large amounts of data are continuously gathered and analyzed by computer algorithms. Various AI models have been developed and are used in finance, purchasing, inventory control and other fields. It’s being rapidly instituted in high-tech industries such as electronics, computer chips and others. Yet, it is still in its infancy and has been slow to make inroads in traditional manufacturing and quality management, such as wire and spring manufacturing.

PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

Over the last few decades, we have seen Lean Six Sigma widely become part of the quality management culture. Six Sigma, by definition, is a quality management methodology that helps improve processes, reduce waste and eliminate defects, albeit still allowing for as much as 3.4 defects per million parts. AI can complement these activities by automating data analysis. It is the next step in robotics and statistical process control, making the goal of zero defects a reality. It is a natural progression in semi-continuous and continuous production improvement processes.

The application of AI in the spring industry offers significant potential to improve operational efficiency by reducing set up time and eliminating scrap. It can also reduce manual sampling and testing frequency. Consider the time it takes to reset the coiler every time a wire spool or part number is changed because of the variables that impact product quality.

MANAGING VARIABLES

The input variables in each case include spring design parameters and material properties. For example, spring parameters may include coil diameter, pitch and total height. In contrast, material properties may include wire diameter, type (hard drawn vs. oil tempered, ASTM A227, A229, A401, etc.) and grade (carbon steel vs. alloy steel). These known input variables are added to the operating variables, such as the amount of back-tension on the wire during payoff, coiling speed and wire temperature increases from friction. In addition, these variables introduce many complex interactions between each other. These interactions are traditionally studied and understood through designed experiments that analyze the data using statistical techniques such as analysis of variance (ANOVA). What if such cumbersome methodologies can be built into AI models? What if the product life testing needed to be performed only once?

CUSTOMIZED LEARNING

Processing data by AI models — while continuously training it to improve — will help predict the effect of interactions and provide guidance in set-up conditions. A team conducting these activities includes, at minimum, a developer and a subject matter expert. If expected quality parameters are provided, AI will suggest operating parameters based on historical data and models for manufacturing precision springs. Automated data analysis will also help rapid root cause analysis and product development. AI in quality management can garner speeds similar to automated mistake-proofing.

The approach to AI is not one-size-fits-all. You need to start by developing a sound strategy and clearly defining the targeted issue for improvement or resolution. To successfully implement an AI strategy, management should be committed to providing the necessary resources. AI involves data acquisition, machine learning, deep learning and predictive AI. These require two components to be developed for specific tasks: hardware sensors for data acquisition and software code.

The success of AI depends on data quality and retraining models. Many of these functions are conducted manually, with tribal knowledge and experience. AI can help free up these resources while adding more value to individual tasks.

Reports say 70% of the companies in the U.S. have invested in AI.

MOVING FORWARD WITH AI

Of course, AI is not without risks, and data security is paramount. You must build firewalls to prevent unauthorized access and loss of proprietary data. Be aware that when prompts are submitted to publicly available models, it uses your information to train the model for improvement and future use. So, your information becomes part of a public data pool.

Once you decide to explore AI, you don’t need to hire expensive staff. The next step is to find a partner — either a consultant or an AI developer experienced in manufacturing. The partner will help you navigate strategy, hardware requirements, software customization, costs and implementation. It may also help to break down your project into logical phases. Your company can then decide on the scope and timetable to fit your budget and ROI objectives.

Reports say 70% of the companies in the U.S. have invested in AI. The investments are starting to show results. It’s a long road to the finish line but a worthy path to ensure the success and benefits of technological advancements. AI will provide a competitive advantage such as more precise products, increased output and reduced rejects. As new opportunities arise, it can augment an organization’s ISO/IATF/AS systems. It’s not just a flavor-of-the-year trend but a system that’s here to stay and continue to grow. z

Anand Bhagwat is a metallurgical consultant with more than 30 years of industrial experience in wire technology and quality management. He has worked for Minova USA Inc., Seneca Wire Group/FENIX, LLC and The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. He earned an M.S. in Materials Science and an MBA from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Bhagwat holds eight U.S. and international patents. He can be reached at 740-229-0033 or anandbhagwat9@gmail.com.

By Jackie Bozart

Pros & Cons of AI in B2B Marketing

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, and the manufacturing industry is no exception. As manufacturers strive to adapt to rapidly changing market dynamics and customer expectations, integrating AI into marketing strategies has increasing appeal. However, while the potential benefits are significant, there are also notable challenges that organizations must navigate. This article will explore the pros and cons of using AI for business-to-business (B2B) marketing in manufacturing.

PURPOSE

Targeted Marketing and Customer Segmentation

PRO: One of the most significant advantages of AI in B2B marketing is its ability to analyze large datasets to identify and target customer segments. AI algorithms can sift through customer behavior, purchasing patterns and industry trends to develop detailed customer profiles. This data-driven approach enables companies, including manufacturers, to create personalized marketing campaigns that resonate with specific segments, enhancing engagement and conversion rates.

CON: While having a computer quickly analyze data might sound wonderful, implementing these AI solutions can be complex for manufacturers, particularly companies with outdated systems or an under resourced technology infrastructure. Integrating AI into existing workflows may require significant time and resources, posing a barrier to adoption for some organizations.

PURPOSE

Enhanced Customer Insights

PRO: Understanding customer preferences and pain points in the manufacturing sector is crucial to creating an effective marketing plan. AI can generate an understanding by analyzing feedback from various sources — such as social media, surveys and customer support interactions — to provide valuable insights into customer sentiment. These insights can help inform product development and marketing strategies, enabling manufacturers to align their offerings with market demands.

CON: While analysis can be very helpful, a great deal of customer feedback can still be gathered through good old-fashioned interpersonal conversations. In my experience, some of the best, most honest and helpful feedback I have ever received was from personal conversations. While this may not always be the fastest way to collect data, it’s a great way to get detailed answers, ask clarifying or follow-up questions and dial in on the information you need to move forward with your marketing plan.

PURPOSE

Customer Engagement

PRO: AI technologies like chatbots and virtual assistants can enhance customer engagement by providing instant support and information. These tools can answer frequently asked questions, guide customers through product selections and resolve issues in real time. This level of responsiveness can not only improve customer satisfaction but can also help foster loyalty and repeat business.

CON: The downside is that if these chatbots are not fully developed with enough information and detail, they are not always helpful to customers and can leave them feeling frustrated and seeking a real person. While automation

offers numerous benefits, an over-reliance on AI can undermine the human element of marketing. Building meaningful customer relationships often requires empathy and creativity — qualities AI cannot replicate. Striking a balance between automation and personal touch is essential for long-term success.

PURPOSE

Automation of Marketing Processes and Real-Time Performance Measurement

PRO: Many AI-driven marketing automation tools are available today to streamline marketing operations. Email campaigns, social media management and lead generation can be automated, reducing the time and resources required for manual execution. This efficiency allows marketing teams to focus on strategic initiatives, creative content development and relationship building rather than getting bogged down in repetitive tasks.

These AI tools can also track and analyze marketing campaign performance in real time, providing marketers with actionable insights. This capability allows for quick adjustments and optimizations, ensuring campaigns remain effective and aligned with business goals. By measuring the key performance indicators (KPIs) that are relevant to the campaign, manufacturers can make informed decisions about where to allocate resources for maximum impact.

CON: Marketing automation software is generally expensive and complex. Options such as HubSpot or Marketo can be expensive, especially for small businesses, and their tiered pricing structure means costs quickly add up when scaling for additional features or user seats. While marketing automation software also offers extensive features, which can be insightful and helpful, it can also easily overwhelm new users, and mastering the platform may require

significant time and training. Businesses interested in using these tools may also face issues with compatibility. Many manufacturers use niche, highly customized ERP systems that may be challenging to integrate with mainstream AI marketing tools, potentially leading to data silos.

The Bottom Line

As manufacturers seek ways to stay competitive in an increasingly digital world, AI-driven marketing presents exciting opportunities and practical challenges. The ability to target specific customer segments, gain deep insights into customer behavior, enhance engagement and automate routine tasks can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing efforts. However, it’s important for manufacturers to carefully consider the barriers to implementation, such as the integration complexities, the potential lack of human touch and the cost of advanced tools. Ultimately, the key to success will be finding the right balance — leveraging AI to drive efficiencies and insights while ensuring that personal relationships and authentic engagement remain at the heart of marketing strategies. By navigating both the pros and cons thoughtfully, manufacturers can harness the power of AI to not only meet current market demands but to position themselves for future growth and innovation. z

Jackie Bozart is on a mission to provide industrial manufacturers with practical, results-driven marketing. She has a unique 15-year background working in marketing roles with a variety of manufacturers, providing strategic marketing, branding and lead generation, which give her clients a strong advantage in their space.

Bozart is president and co-founder of Sell.Market.Win. LLC, a firm that provides industrial manufacturers access to high-caliber marketing talent (and the results that come with it) at a fraction of a full-time hire. You can reach Bozart at jackie@sellmarketwin.com.

By Phil Sasso

SpringWorld 2024 CASMI Expo and SMI Symposium Team Up

The newly combined Spring Manufacturers Institute (SMI) Educational Symposium and Chicago Association of Spring Manufacturers (CASMI) Expo at SpringWorld 2024, held Oct. 2–4 in Rosemont, Illinois, formed North America’s top spring industry event.

The CASMI Expo featured three days of networking with more than 100 exhibitors showcasing cutting-edge equipment, automation, software, wire and other spring-related products.

SMI’s Educational Symposium offered two mornings of dynamic sessions, including a keynote from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and 17 individual educational sessions.

More than 1,200 industry decision-makers attended the symposium, explored the exhibit hall and/or met global experts in coiling, grinding, shot peening, wireforming and more.

Teamwork Creates Success

SpringWorld 2024’s success stemmed from the planning and hard work of CASMI and SMI board members, along with the professional staff of SMI and CASMI. The partnership created a vibrant event that underscored SpringWorld’s rebranded and cooperative new direction.

“The collaboration between the two organizations began several years ago when it

became clear that a combined event would benefit the industry,” commented Tony Pesaresi, SpringWorld show chair and immediate past president of CASMI and president of Winamac Coil Spring.

“This year’s SpringWorld is like nothing we’ve ever seen before,” said Don Jacobson III, SMI president and vice president of business development at Newcomb Spring. “SMI’s expertise in education and research, together with CASMI’s successful expo platform, packed a powerful punch. We thank our members and event exhibitors for driving the decision to combine forces.”

“The show was excellent. We’ve had an excellent turnout. I’ve been coming to SpringWorld for 14 shows, and I don’t think I’ve ever seen it so busy,” said Joe Wesner, president of CASMI and vice president at Sterling Spring. “I think the SMI Symposium, together with the CASMI Expo, has worked out well. Being in one central location has helped.”

Sponsors Empower the Engagement

SpringWorld saw a record number of sponsors and sponsorship programs this year.

“This collaboration was a win-win for both organizations,” Wesner said. “We’d like to thank the SpringWorld sponsors; without them, our event would not make the impact it does.”

“This year’s SpringWorld was like nothing we’ve ever seen before,” Jacobson said. “We appreciate all our sponsors who made our successful event possible.”

SMI gratefully acknowledges the sponsors who helped make the educational symposium a success: Gibbs Interwire (Platinum Room), Forming Systems (Diamond Room), Automated

Above: Packed aisles during the CASMI Expo at SpringWorld. Right: SMI and CASMI board members at SpringWorld’s ribbon-cutting.

Industrial Motion (Diamond Room), WAFIOS (Ruby Room), Neturen (Ruby Room) and HS Wire Technology (Ruby Room).

“A special thank you goes out to our SpringWorld Visionary Sponsor, ISW (Industrial Steel and Wire),” Jacobson said. SpringWorld 2026 will take place again at the same venue in Rosemont, Illinois Oct. 7–9, 2026.

To keep up to date on the 2026 event, visit www.springworld.org.

SMI Educational Symposium

Highlights

The inaugural SMI Educational Symposium offered attendees a wealth of knowledge and insights.

The event kicked off with an economic keynote by David Oppedahl, policy advisor in the economic research department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. He highlighted relevant economic indicators touching on inflationary pressures, labor market shifts and other key factors impacting the manufacturing sector.

“It was a packed session. It was exciting. And economics is a topic that hits us all,” said Jacobson. “The SMI Educational Symposium at SpringWorld with CASMI and SMI working together has been fantastic. You saw new faces, old faces, and everyone seemed to be having a great time.”

Other sessions included:

• Empowering the Future: Building a Skilled Workforce with SkillsUSA by Chelle Travis, SkillsUSA

• Mentoring Women Springmakers, Bridging the Multigenerational Gap and Eliminate Rework: Deliver Results the First Time by Raquel Chole, Global Leadership Resources

• Manufacturing Money Available to Springmakers by Micki Vandeloo, Lakeview Consulting

• An Overview of SMI Technical Services by C. Richard Gordon, Technical Director, SMI

• Revolutionizing Manufacturing: The Role of AI in Modern Production by Herb Staten Jr., MBC Aerosol Filling Machinery

2024

• International Trade and International Trade/ Anti-Dumping 301/322 China by Daniel B. Pickard, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney

• Creating a Comprehensive Marketing Plan by Jackie Bozart, Sell.Market.Win. LLC.

• Shot Peen Process Innovation by Jason Sicotte, Associated Spring

EXPO AND SYMPOSIUM

ROSEMONT, ILLINOIS • OCT 2-4

Presented by CASMI and SMI

• iQ Technologies: Easy Setup for Springs by Jörg Eisele, WAFIOS

• AI-Driven Wire Straightening by Jörg Eisele, WAFIOS, and EJ Neron, Witels Albert US

• Effective Safety Committees by Dr. Laura Helmrich-Rhodes, SMI Regulatory Compliance Consultant

• High-Performance Alloys for Spring Applications by Sawyer Janes, Elgiloy Specialty Metals

• Wire and Spring Failures: Root Cause Analysis by Anand Bhagwat, Metallurgical Consultant

• Advanced Steel Manufacturing for Springmakers by Eric MacTavish and Troy Kaczorowski, Charter Steel Attendees and exhibitors had high praise for the expo and educational symposium. “I’ve heard nothing but positive feedback,” Wesner said. “So, I think we’re going to get even more attendees and exhibitors in 2026.” z

Don’t Miss SpringWorld 2026 October 7–9, 2026

Donald E. Stephens Convention Center, Rosemont, Illinois SpringWorld.org

EXPO AND SYMPOSIUM

Presented by CASMI and SMI

Visitors to the SMI booth chat with immediate past president Gene Huber Jr. (far right).

SMI’s executive committee met during SpringWorld.

A Welcome Economic Forecast 2025

Healthy economic growth will help bolster profits for manufacturing operations in 2025. Lower interest rates, a decline in inflation, a rebound in housing activity and governmental infrastructure support will generate tail winds. While businesses will benefit from tax relief and a looser regulatory environment by the Trump administration, proposed tariffs may reignite inflation and increase the cost of goods sold.

Clearing skies with a chance of showers. Manufacturers can look forward to a gradually improving operating environment in 2025, thanks to lower interest rates, moderating inflation and steady, if unspectacular, growth in the nation’s overall economic activity.

“We look for real GDP growth of 2.5% in 2025,” said Bernard Yaros Jr., lead U.S. economist at Oxford Economics. (Gross domestic product, the total value of the nation’s goods and services, is the most common measure of economic growth. “Real” GDP subtracts the effects of inflation.)

The good news is that the 2.5% boost is not far off what economists peg as the nation’s “natural growth rate” — one that supports business activity and maintains full employment. And reduced volatility in the GDP growth pattern in recent years suggests the nation is on a glide path to a so-called “soft landing,” avoiding a recession after a lengthy inflationary binge (see chart p. 35).

The U.S. economy has been remarkably resilient despite all the hits it’s taken …

— Bernard Yaros, Jr., head U.S. economist, Oxford Economics

Despite its positive nature, the GDP figure for 2025 is slightly lower than the 2.7% anticipated when 2024 numbers are finally tallied. That’s because the nation is in a so-called “late-stage expansion,” characterized by a tendency to slow down while maintaining sufficient force to invigorate commercial operations.

Fair Winds

In 2025, manufacturers can look forward to declining interest rates and inflation — two bugaboos that have drained profits in recent times.

“We anticipate a federal funds interest rate of 2.75% by the end of 2025, down from a recent 4.75%,” said Yaros. “And we look for inflation to average 2.2% in the final quarter of 2025, which will be within spitting distance of the Federal Reserve’s 2% target.”

That’s an improvement from the 2.5% inflation level toward the end of 2024. These figures represent the Fed’s preferred measure of inflation: the “core personal consumption expenditure deflator (PCED),” which strips out volatile food and energy prices.

Relief from the costs of interest and inflation will help fatten the bottom lines of businesses everywhere.

“We anticipate corporate profits will increase 9.6% in 2024 and 9.0% in 2025, up from their 6.9% gain in 2023,” said Yaros.

Rebound

Reports from the field confirm the economists’ optimistic view.

“Our members are looking forward to a growth year in 2025, largely from expectations that interest rates will decline,” said Tom Palisin, executive director of The Manufacturers’ Association, a York, Pennsylvania-based consortium with nearly 500 member companies. The change in fortunes can’t come soon enough, he added. “High interest rates have been putting constraints on many of our members who have been trying to maintain their financial margins, so relief in this area will be helpful.”

Construction Rebounds

Analysts expect construction companies and manufacturers to share in the nationwide economic upsurge. Economists expect healthy growth in housing activity, a mighty driver for the economy. “We forecast housing starts to increase by 6.2% in 2025, after falling by 4.7% in 2024 and declining 8.4% in 2023,” said Yaros.

Why the rebound? A decline in the cost of money and a concurrent loosening of credit standards. “Lower mortgage rates should help the single-family home market,” said Bill Conerly, principal of Conerly Consulting in Lake Oswego, Oregon. “It will be a little less painful for people with 3% or 4% mortgages to give them up, sell their current houses and move up.”

Housing is not the only construction sector that will do well.

“This is the era of the megaproject, and future prospects are quite positive for contractors who

By Phillip M. Perry

are able to participate in major public works,” said Anirban Basu, chairman and CEO of Sage Policy Group. Basu noted that much construction activity is being driven by the reemergence of industrial policymaking in America, an economic transformation that has led to programs such as the Inflation Reduction Act, the Chips and Science Act and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

“Manufacturers are receiving billions of dollars in subsidies for large-scale infrastructure projects, computer chip and battery manufacturing plants, and data centers, many in support of technological transformation such as the growth of artificial intelligence,” said Basu.

For contractors dependent upon multifamily construction, hotels or retrofits of existing office space, the 2025 outlook is bleaker.

“High interest rates have led to very high financing costs, along with the general inflation experienced within the construction sector,” said Basu. “And banks have become more reluctant to lend, partly because of an increase in regulatory oversight. As a result, certain contractors have become vulnerable to a lack of work, and they are quite concerned about 2025.”

A change in fortune will not happen overnight. “With lower interest rates, there’ll be an easier time lining up project financing at acceptable cost,” said Basu. “But these things take time. We might see some softness in a meaningful fraction of contractors in 2025. And then perhaps things get a bit better in 2026 as these lower interest rates prompt more activity.”

Our members are looking forward to a growth year in 2025, largely from expectations that interest rates will decline.

— Tom Palisin, executive director, The Manufacturers’ Association

Healthy Employment

The economy does better when people are optimistic, since consumer spending accounts for a large portion of the nation’s business activity. While consumers remain troubled by the residual effects of inflation in the form of high prices for gas and groceries, they remain in a fairly good mood.

“We look for consumer confidence to move slightly higher in 2025,” said Scott Hoyt, senior director of Consumer Economics for Moody’s Analytics.

Why the optimism? Healthy employment levels. “We look for the unemployment rate to end 2025 at 4.2% and 2026 at 4.2%,” said Yaros. This is roughly in line with the 4.1% reported toward the end of 2024. (Many economists peg an unemployment rate of 3.5% to 4.5% as the “sweet spot” that balances the dual risks of inflationary wage escalation and economic recession.)

If favorable unemployment figures will encourage consumer spending, employers should also enjoy relief from the detrimental effects of the past year’s tight labor conditions.

“While many contractors continue to view the lack of skilled labor as their number one challenge, it is not necessarily of the same magnitude as a year ago,” said Basu. “The number of available unskilled job openings has shrunk, particularly in construction, thanks to a slowing economy, so hiring has slowed. Residential contractors in particular appear to be looking for fewer workers.”

Softening employment growth has given workers less bargaining power, so employers are experiencing some much-needed relief from the rising trendline of worker wages. Entry-level hourly wage increases came to 3.7% in 2024 at Palisin’s member companies,

We look for consumer confidence to move slightly higher in 2025.

— Scott Hoyt, director of consumer economics, Moody’s Analytics

markedly lower than the vigorous 8%-10% levels clocked for each of the previous two years. (Historically, such increases have tended to settle in the 2.5% to 3.0% range).

National figures concur. “The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is slowing,” said Hoyt, referring to a common measure of average worker wages. “We are forecasting 2.8% growth in 2025, compared to 3.9% in 2024 and 4.5% in 2023.”

Despite the ongoing de-escalation in the ECI, Hoyt said it remains healthy enough to support consumer spending, as does the expected increase in the nation’s total personal income level, an important driver of business activity.

Like the ECI, it is expected to follow a familiar 2025 trendline: a healthy increase despite de-escalation. “Mainly because of slower job growth, we have the increase in wage and salary income slowing to 4.7% in 2025, compared to our expectation of 6.6% for 2024, and 5.4% for 2023,” said Hoyt.

Maybe it’s a looser labor market, but employers are in no hurry to trim their employee rosters. “Employers want to maintain their ability to jump on the growth side once the economy rebounds a little,” said Hoyt. “So, employment levels have held fairly steady.”

Supply Chains

Construction companies will benefit from a national commitment to reposition supply chains in the United States.

“Logistical issues are persuading many CEOs to place production closer to final consumers,” said Basu. “There is also a trend toward favoring nations that provide significant protection for intellectual property.”

Indeed, many contractors are concerned about the reemergence of supply chain issues. “It’s taking longer to ship equipment around the world, in part because of issues in the Red Sea,” said Basu. “Cargo is being diverted and having to travel much longer distances in many instances, especially cargo from Asia. That leads to increases in the cost of transportation and insurance, which squeezes margins for contractors.”

Prepare for a Soft Landing: U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Annual % Change

Palisin confirmed that supply chain disruptions are not a thing of the past. “We are seeing shortages around semiconductor chips and some other technological products, as well as chemicals, equipment assemblies and metal parts. That’s causing production delays and late deliveries.”

There are a number of causes for the problem. Over the past year, the nation has lacked sufficient skilled workers to meet production demands. And in an environment of high interest rates and slowing growth, companies did not invest as much as required in new facilities. “As for the semiconductor situation specifically, there’s this huge demand coming up against a shortfall in global supply,” said Palisin.

While the U.S. is committed to the reshoring of production, the task of increasing domestic manufacturing and delivery systems will take time. “We are not going to turn things around right away,” said Palisin.

The Road Ahead

The incoming Trump administration promises tax relief measures that should help bolster profits. Economists warn, however, that increased tariffs may reignite inflation and increase the cost of goods sold. They advise

keeping a close watch on the following areas in the opening months of 2025:

• Interest rates

“Going forward, the major concern for businesses will be the pace of interest rate cuts and where they will end up,” said Yaros.

• Inflation

“If the consumer price index returns to positive territory, that could throw a monkey wrench into many business plans,” said Conerly.

• Tariffs

“Tariffs amount to price increases for our members who have to buy materials from abroad,” said Palisin.

• Geopolitics

“An increasing level of turmoil around the world can disrupt supply chains, wreaking havoc on the economy,” said Conerly.

Concerning as these risks are, economists anticipate a fairly benign operating environment in 2025.

“The U.S. economy has been remarkably resilient despite all the hits it’s taken over the past few years,” said Yaros. “We don’t anticipate a recession, as the Fed will be dialing back the restrictiveness of monetary policy, and there are no glaring imbalances in the economy.” z

Modest growth in the nation’s economy will support an uptick in business profits in 2025.

Flashback

The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same

By Reb Banas SMI President (2008-10)

President Stanley Spring & Stamping

Editor’s Note:

Today, we turn back time to Fall 2009. In his President’s Message, SMI past president Reb Banas discussed springmaking in the aftershock of the 2008 Great Recession (late 2007 to mid-2009). His comeback perspective that technology is pivotal, but “people make the difference,” is as true today of artificial intelligence as of any past technology. And SMI, as your North American trade association, is still here to help.

This past year, SMI members have been challenged by change in the form of a global recession that has led to increased inventories, decreased sales, reduced factory hours and layoffs. Do you believe the ancient proverb is true: “The more things change, the more they stay the same?”

Looking back on our collective history as a spring industry is always interesting and instructive. In 1983, SMI did that when they published “History of the Spring Industry in The United States and Canada” by W. Peyton Fawcett. Here are two interesting quotes from that book:

“This history has noted the rise of technology and increasing sophistication of the spring industry. More importantly, it has documented the optimism, ambition, energy and sheer persistence of springmakers determined to succeed despite adversity. They have survived economic depressions, wars and natural disasters, as well as the keen competition of the marketplace.”

Steve Csonka, president of SMI from 1981 to 1983, observed: “We all have access to the same wire and same machines. It is the people who use the machines and wire that make the difference ... It has been the people of the spring industry who have made the difference for SMI and who have enabled it, too, to endure.”

Sounds more like 2009, doesn't it? The spring industry has always consisted of two things: technology and people. Certainly, technology has made our factories run more efficiently so we can serve our customers better. There is no doubt that bright, entrepreneurial individuals will continue to make improvements to our machines and processes so we can run our businesses better. That's one thing that will never change. This issue is all about helpful technical changes.

In the midst of challenging times, it is sometimes easy to forget that people make the difference. They did over 100 years ago. It was true 36 years ago when SMI published its history book, and it is still the case today. SMI and its people are hardworking and committed to their industry and helping others. The same optimism, ambition, energy and sheer persistence of those who went before us are still evident today. Whether you are a member, an associate member or staff, we're all in this together and determined to succeed despite adversity.

Your SMI board and staff continue to work hard to develop programs and services to help you run your business better and more efficiently. Be sure to take advantage of what we offer.

Let us help you. Let us help each other. z

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oscillate (traverse) and ribbon wound coils

ISO 9001: 2015 certified 43 years servicing the industry Your source for the best in close tolerance strip and edged products.

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At Admiral Steel, we understand that your product is your reputation. That’s why we take pride in specializing in premium quality high carbon steel that meets specs such as AMS, QQS, and ASTM certified. Our commitment to providing certified material means that you can trust that you are receiving the highest quality steel available. Don’t settle for seconds and rejects. Choose Admiral Steel for the assurance of premium quality steel products. Call us at 800-323-7055 or email sales@admiralsteel.com

Five Questions

Five Questions allows SMI associate members to tell the spring industry about their products and services. In this edition, we talk with Daniel Pierre III from

JN Machinery

Company history and products you offer:

While working for Jackson Spring and North American Spring, Daniel Pierre Jr. started tinkering with inline conveyor ovens. In the early 1980s, a venture capital company bought North American Spring. At that point, Daniel Jr. established JN Machinery as an independent company focused on developing inline conveyor ovens. In 2000, Daniel III joined JN Machinery, adding the know-how of coating materials he had gained through his previous employment at Toyo Ink. Today, JN’s main products are inline conveyor ovens, TRC painting machines and Aqua-TRC coating materials.

What trends are impacting your industry? How does it affect springmakers?

During the early years of COVID, the supply chain suddenly dried up. JN Machinery had to make large purchases, wait 15–18 months for delivery and hope that demand would still be around. As the U.S. economy continues to struggle, some key suppliers have gone bankrupt and left no companies carrying their products. In a few instances, only one supplier remains, and they’re taking advantage of a monopoly to raise prices more than typical supply and demand would dictate. The sum of parts in an oven cost about 55% more in 2024 than in 2020. Unfortunately, these increased costs have to be passed on to customers. While steel prices have somewhat stabilized, component makers are still struggling, and JN Machinery foresees continued costs and component availability issues.

What are your products and services?

JN Machinery’s main products are conveyor ovens ranging from 5 to 72-inch-wide belts. The TRC paint systems range from 6 to 60-inch-wide belts. Aqua-TRC coating materials are available in various colors, but black and light blue are the most popular colors. We also rebuild ovens from any maker. We also stock oven consumables and spare parts.

What role does logistics play in serving spring manufacturers?

More than 95% of our oven parts are made in the U.S., and each oven is produced in our plant outside Chicago. It is relatively easy to ship to our customers from the Midwest.

What was a recent challenge you solved for a customer?

We have a customer with 12 older JN ovens, which they still use. Due to their age, some components are no longer available, and other parts are becoming harder to obtain. Instead of enduring a time-consuming and costly process on each spare part need, JN put them on a program to rebuild each oven, one at a time, using the original oven shell and outfitting them with the closest-fit current oven controls. They essentially got new ovens for a fraction of the cost of buying new ones. z

Daniel Pierre III

JN Machinery

1013 Tamarac Drive Carpentersville, Il 60110

Phone: 224-699-9161 daniel@jnmachinery.com www.jnmachinery.com

Follow SMI on social media for bonus content on Daniel Pierre III and JN Machinery

By Gary McCoy, Executive Director

Springmaker Spotlight

Spring Industry Newcomer

A Profile of Bart Saracino and Wermke Spring Manufacturing

Bart Saracino was an unlikely person to join the spring industry when he purchased Fenton, Missouri-based Wermke Spring Manufacturing in the summer of 2022. After all, he had grown up in a well-known St. Louis area family restaurant business where he started bussing tables as an eighth grader.

“When your family owns a business, it’s like that’s just your world,” explained Saracino. “Restaurants involve a lot of time, energy, blood, sweat and tears. So that definitely permeated my life growing up.”

Saracino’s grandparents Bart and Roseanne Saracino, along with his great-grandmother, Rose LaFata, opened Bartolino’s in 1969 in the city’s little Italy neighborhood better known as The Hill. Now, with three locations and two other breakfast-oriented restaurants called Chris’, the family business continues to thrive in the third generation, with one of Saracino’s brothers and three cousins overseeing the operations, with the guidance and support of the previous generation.

Buying a Small Business

Saracino’s journey of buying a business started when he was involved in a marketing role at a health science company he joined in 2016. Early on, when the company grew from 10,000 to more than 50,000 employees, a point of reflection stirred his desire to go back toward a small business. In addition, at night and on weekends, he was completing an MBA in international business at the Richard A. Chaifetz School of Business at Saint Louis University.

He had thought back to 2009 when he worked at a smaller life science company that was more entrepreneurial in nature, where he was involved in a variety of tasks. At that time, he was fresh out of Loyola University in Chicago, graduating in 2008 with a BA degree in advertising and public relations.

Saracino was looking for an alternative to a career path at a large company and

Bart Saracino

remembers saying to himself, “I don’t think I can do this corporate ladder thing.”

Like most of us, Saracino receives a bevy of daily emails. One he received back in 2017 was a “tip of the day” from the Harvard Business Review (HBR). The headline caught his attention: “Think Big, Buy Small, Own Your Own Small Business.” It was actually the subtitle of a book called the “HBR Guide to Buying a Small Business” by Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff.

Saracino always thought you had to start a company to own one, not thinking you could actually buy one.

“Naturally, I bought the book immediately, and it is now well worn,” said Saracino with a laugh. “But that was my guide and my bible as to how you do this.”

Saracino started networking with colleagues about purchasing a small business. He remembers a memorable lunch with someone in his network who had just closed on a company that took five years to purchase. “The book said it would take 18 months,” said Saracino. “It also took me five years, almost to the day, to close on the transaction to purchase Wermke.”

Saracino admits he did not start out to buy a spring business. He had looked at a number of companies in different industries.

“Through the process, you see good businesses, you see bad businesses,” explained Saracino. “You see businesses you want that you can’t get, and you see businesses you don’t want and can get.”

He made several offers, and for whatever reason, Saracino said the details couldn’t be worked out.

“I met a guy during the process who was not a broker,” said Saracino. This gentleman called Saracino in February 2022 with the opportunity to buy Wermke. “He was the middleman in the best sense of the word, who was able to get us through the potholes to get the deal finalized.”

Everything was completed between Saracino and Doug Hurt, the former owner of Wermke, in the summer of 2022.

Hurt was involved in the business for nearly 30 years, after purchasing it from the original owner Fenton R. Wermke. Wermke, a tool and die maker, started the business in 1953. He died Feb. 24, 2010. The legacy of both men is still felt at the company.

Being Adopted

Saracino came into Wermke as an outsider, a businessperson used to dealing with spreadsheets, budgeting, forecasting and trends.

Saracino says that being in the life science industry, he worked with Ph.D.s for 12 years. “I was literally always the dumbest person in the room,” said Saracino with a laugh. “While I can’t tell you why cells do this or that, I can

I think the biggest thing I have learned professionally is just how dependent you are on your team … the people here are just remarkable and incredibly skilled.

Fenton R. Wermke Doug Hurt

look at data and tell you how you can become more sales efficient.”

He said he had grown accustomed to doing things like this and approached owning a spring company the same way — being the least qualified person in the building. “So that’s a skill that I embraced coming into Wermke. I look at spreadsheets and trust my team.”

Saracino said he realized early on how dependent he was on his team and how grateful he is, as the outsider, they adopted him into the company.

“They adopted me. There’s no other way to say it,” Saracino admitted. He said he came in, and the employees held his hand to show him how things are done. “I probably underestimated, or I just didn’t realize how big of a piece of the puzzle the learning curve was.”

“I think the biggest thing I have learned professionally is just how dependent you are

on your team,” said Saracino. “I mean, the people here are just remarkable and incredibly skilled.”

Some team members have been at the company for more than 30 years, while others have logged between 20 and 10 years. Saracino says he’s been careful in hiring new employees, wanting to ensure they fit into the team dynamics already in place.

Uncomfortable Growth

Like many SMI members, Wermke Spring makes compression, extension, torsion and flat springs, along with wireforms. “We have machines that can produce a whole gambit of wire thicknesses from 0.10 to 0.625,” explains Saracino.

The company serves many industries, including industrial equipment and what Saracino calls “automotive adjacent.” He says the company’s big three are “trailers, appliance and aerospace.”

The company transitioned to “paperless” through implementing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in the last six months. “We’ve gotten through a lot of the bugs, and things are going in the right direction to make us more efficient.” He commented that they have filing cabinets with projects going back to the mid-80s.

Saracino says Wermke is in a period of uncomfortable growth. “I am learning about quoting jobs and taking on new projects that might have been rejected before.”

He says the choice is often between controlled growth or “you get comfortable being uncomfortable.”

“I often have to ask myself if we are confident that the path going forward is sustainable,” he says.

Saracino has often taken on jobs that are longer and more difficult than expected, but his employees have come to the rescue. “They have figured out how to make our machines do things they weren’t necessarily designed to do.”

He says some of his employees enjoy the challenge of “adopting my problems” with a mindset of trying to figure things out.

Some members of the team at Wermke Spring

Example parts on display at Wermke Spring, along with a sales brochure from the 1970s.

Family

Saracino loves the heritage of his Italian roots and still lives in South St. Louis with his wife, Alex, a preschool teacher. They have been married for 12 years with three children. Their oldest, Bart, 9, is the fourth Bartholomew Saracino in the family, along with Josephine, 8 and George, 5. The family dog, Blue, was a “gift” from his brother-inlaw who could no longer care for him. Blue is now a regular part of the family at Wermke. He comes with Saracino to the office when his wife is teaching and always takes the opportunity to bark at the cleaning lady or the UPS driver.

Saracino enjoys family time with his children and is the soccer coach for the two youngest. Hobbies? With three children and a new business, Saracino says there is little time for anything else at the moment.

He has a good outlook on the future. “I don’t think you would buy a business if you weren’t optimistic,” said Saracino. “You wouldn’t be a dad and a business owner if you thought things were going to be bad. I

Saracino admires the spring industry and has been warmly embraced as a newcomer. He says making things is what he enjoys most. “Raw materials come in here and out the door later goes amazing products that we made.”

He says manufacturing is a lot like the restaurant business. “If you watch a bunch of line cooks getting food out on time, correctly and hot, on a busy night, you’re like, ‘that could be a shop floor.’”

Saracino says he gets emotional when he thinks about what his family can do. He says at the end of the day, whether it’s making food or springs, it all comes down to how you treat people.

“That’s business. It’s treating your people and your customers right.”

Saracino remembers the book he read in 2016 on how to buy a business. “My first boss, when I was talking to him about buying a business he said, ‘You don’t want to be 65 and wish you did this.’ He was like ‘you don’t want to regret not trying.’”

As a newcomer, Saracino is learning and on his way to becoming a spring industry

By Sara Scullin

Women in Springs

Coming Home Again

Bloomingburg Spring & Wire Form President Donna Van Horn recalls the years of upheaval and determination that shaped her spring industry career.

Donna Van Horn is making a big move. She is in the process of moving homes. While this means she’ll leave her beloved house and neighbors of 30 years, she celebrates the opportunity to be closer to her family and work.

Although the move is significant, Van Horn is no stranger to change. Over the years, her professional journey has demanded constant focus, resilience and tenacity — even in times of personal hardship and heartbreak.

Van Horn first joined her husband’s family business (then located in Columbus, Ohio) about 42 years ago. It was a brief introduction to springs. Could she have known then that one day she’d run the company?

“My husband’s uncle is the one who hired me,” Van Horn recalls. “I started working in the office, and that’s how I met my husband. When we got married, they didn’t want wives working there, so I left the business.”

Fast forward to late 2013. Two of Bloomingburg’s workers left the company due to illness and surgery, and Van Horn found herself back in the office once again.

“My husband, Jim, said, ‘You know what, I need you here,’” Van Horn recalls. “And I said, ‘Alright.’”

Just Maintain for One Year

In 2016, Donna’s husband, Jim Van Horn, was diagnosed with cancer and passed away just ten days later.

“Suddenly, I’m a half-owner,” she says. “It had been Jim and his two brothers in the business. Their father, Samuel Van Horn, passed away, the oldest son retired, and then it was just Jim and his younger brother. The younger brother had health issues and had not worked for several years.”

Donna Van Horn assumed leadership of Bloomingburg Spring & Wire Form in 2016 after her husband, Jim Van Horn, passed. She is committed to honoring the company’s heritage while driving the business forward.

In December 2016, Donna received her stock, and the following year, she bought out her brother-in-law and became Bloomingburg’s sole owner.

It was a tumultuous couple of years, both personally and professionally.

“I lost my husband suddenly, and I didn’t know I’d be running this business.” In those early days, Van Horn says she knew nothing about springs. But she soon came to rely on some of the company’s long-employed shop workers and the team of accountants, lawyers and bankers she had known throughout the years.

“I knew all those people, and with their help, I managed to maintain (the business) for a year. I was able to get my feet on the ground. And here I am, almost eight years later.”

Custom Manufacturer

The Columbus-area manufacturer is now a global operation that offers products to companies in the U.S., and exports compression springs, extension springs, hooks, flat springs, torsion springs, wireforms, double torsion springs and edge springs worldwide. They serve many industries, including medical, agriculture, construction and automotive.

Providing customized parts gives the company an edge. Bloomingburg engineers and production specialists work with customers to design and manufacture the ideal spring or wireform for each application according to their specifications.

Says Van Horn: “We don’t stock stuff or make a standard ‘whatever’; our customers

come to us with a specific part, quantity, and nothing more than that.”

Van Horn muses there have been so many changes in the world and manufacturing that even if Jim hadn’t passed, operations could never have stayed the same. Everything — from the lifespan of a quote to materials pricing and surcharges — is constantly on the move.

“I’m of the mindset that we’re constantly changing,” she says. “We have to look at trends every day and make changes accordingly.”

For example, Van Horn and team recently examined their pay scale. They adjusted to stay competitive and continue to attract

I’m of the mindset that we’re constantly changing. We have to look at trends every day and make changes accordingly.

Bloomingburg’s production floor.

Women in Springs

quality employees, which seems to be working, as they have recently welcomed new employees to the company.

Seek Out Support

Van Horn’s grit and determination are her own. And she is wise to realize the many benefits of surrounding oneself with a professional community.

Van Horn has had her share of trials, including a volatile market, domineering coworkers and shaky confidence.

She says that through it all — through times of COVID, market adjustments and self-doubt — she and her team, which now includes her daughter, have risen to the challenge. What’s more, they continue to make connections that benefit team members, the business, and the industry as a whole.

Van Horn belongs to Central Ohio-based Conway Center for Family Businesses. She’s also a certified Women’s Business Enterprise (WBE).

“One of the people in that group wanted to help women who own their own businesses, especially in manufacturing, because you don’t see women in manufacturing very often,” she says.

Conway Center is a big support for Van Horn.

“It’s never been so easy to organize and gain support,” she says. “It’s all about education and other businesses coming together, asking questions and helping each other out. Conway Center is an awesome place for

me to go and feel comfortable. I’ve learned a lot from them and have more confidence in what I’m doing.” Van Horn says. She participates in peer groups that discuss topics such as succession planning and the next generation of business leaders.

What Next-Gen Looks Like

Van Horn says it can be tough for a woman to step into a manufacturing role, even in 2024.

“Every day, I learn something new. I feel like every year I get busier,” she says. “For a long time, I was very intimidated. It still can be that way. I’d tell other women, ‘Don’t be afraid to assert yourself and ask questions. Remember you’re in charge, and don’t be afraid to say you’re in charge.’

“You have to have the confidence … and I don’t think I did (at first), but I’ve found the confidence. And that just came with time and knowledge and the people you have around you.”

Van Horn’s daughter, Ashley, plans to carry the torch of leadership and take Bloomingburg into the fourth generation. She’ll be in good company, too. Van Horn explains she is grateful to have colleagues at the company who have expressed their desire to stay and work with Donna and Ashley to keep the business going.

“They say, ‘This is what we want to do. We want to retire from here,’” Van Horn says.

“We have new goals and new blood, and I like the energy of the young people. That’s what we’re working towards!” z

Group photo featuring most of the Bloomingburg Spring & Wire Form team.

By Phil Sasso

CTE News Manufacturing Day: Springmakers Welcome the Next Generation

On Manufacturing Day (MFG Day) in October every year, manufacturers across the United States open their doors to students and educators to offer a firsthand look at the diverse and dynamic world of manufacturing.

For companies like R&L Spring and Medicoil in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin and Ace Wire Spring & Form Co. in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, the event provides a chance to connect with tomorrow’s workforce, showcase their workplace and share the impact of springmaking.

Building Relationships

For Julie Arenz, president of R&L Spring and Medicoil, participating in MFG Day is part of the company’s community engagement.

“We want to continue to build our relationship with students and schools in our community and teach students about the job opportunities we have at R&L Spring and Medicoil,” Arenz says.

Ace Wire Spring has actively supported MFG Day since 2016, marking its ninth year of participation.

“We recognize the critical need to shift perceptions about manufacturing among American youth,” says Richard J. “RJ” Froehlich, inside sales account manager and fourth-generation family member at Ace Wire Spring. “By participating in MFG Day, we aim to eliminate the myths and stereotypes that paint manufacturing as an unattractive career choice.”

“Each year, we strive to make the event more impactful, ensuring that students gain a comprehensive understanding of the manufacturing process and the various career opportunities it offers,” Froehlich notes.

Engaging Students

MFG Day plant tours captivate students and spark their interest in manufacturing careers.

“Springmaking is a unique industry. Many do not realize what all goes into it,” Arenz explains. “The excitement comes when the students get out on the shop floor and see how the actual parts are made, learning the complexities of springmaking and all of the different opportunities we offer.”

R&L Spring and Medicoil encourages students to participate in its youth apprenticeship program, where they can gain hands-on experience while still in school, connecting classroom with workplace.

Delavan Darien High School students toured the R&L Spring manufacturing facility.

Elkhorn YouthBuild visited R&L Spring to learn about manufacturing careers.

“The students particularly enjoy watching the large machines in operation,” Froehlich says. “Discovering that these sophisticated machines are controlled by detailed computer programs fascinates them,” he says. “This revelation about the blend of technology and manufacturing broadens their perspective, highlighting the modern, high-tech nature of the industry.”

Students learn not only about machinery but also about the variety of critical jobs in manufacturing, from engineers and machinists to technicians and operators.

“The reactions from the students have been overwhelmingly positive,” Froehlich adds. “It’s an eye-opening experience for them to realize the ever-presence and importance of springs in everyday life.”

Addressing the Skills Gap

Both companies recognize the need to cultivate a skilled workforce, especially as manufacturing faces a growing labor shortage. According to the National Association of Manufacturers, over 500,000 manufacturing jobs remain unfilled in the United States today, a number that is projected to rise to 2.1 million by 2030.

“The manufacturing sector faces a significant challenge with an increasing number of unfilled jobs,” Froehlich says. “As Baby Boomers retire, they take with them invaluable knowledge and skills. The most effective way to address this skills gap is through education and exposure. By opening our doors to young people and showcasing the many possibilities within manufacturing, we can inspire the next generation to consider and pursue careers in this essential industry.”

Linda Froehlich, Ace Wire Spring owner, concurs. “By participating in MFG Day, we not only contribute to the education and inspiration of future generations but also actively work toward a more robust and skilled manufacturing workforce,” she says.

Inspiring Other Springmakers

Both Arenz and Froehlich encourage other springmakers to participate in MFG Day.

“Spreading awareness and educating the community on your business is something you have to always be working at,” Arenz says. “It is very satisfying to give back and help the

schools. It’s rewarding seeing the excitement on students’ faces when they tour and learn about springs. These kids are our future, so you have to stay engaged with them.”

“Sponsoring events like MFG Day is crucial in creating awareness, fostering interest, and ultimately securing the future manufacturing workforce,” Froehlich says.

Whether touring the inner workings of a spring factory or demonstrating the industry’s impact, springmakers like R&L Spring and Medicoil and Ace Wire Spring are shaping the next generation of springmakers, coilers and manufacturers. Their continued investment in connecting with young people through MFG Day ensures the growth and vitality of the manufacturing sector.

For more information on how to plan a MFG Day event at your company, visit www.mfgday.com. z

Students from Rosedale Technical College tour Ace's manufacturing floor.

Ace employees Brian Durkin (l) and Mike Valoski (r) discuss careers in springmaking with City High Charter School students in Ace’s conference room.

Gary McCoy

A Message from Gary

Building a Solid Foundation

My journalism education at Iowa State University was quite rigorous, especially my sophomore year when I learned the basics. Every journalism student was enrolled in “boot camp” where we learned to report and write news stories on deadline — with manual typewriters.

I still appreciate this foundation. No matter where I’ve worked, I have always relied upon the fundamentals of reporting, writing and editing. Of course, some skills I learned in broadcast journalism are now useless, like how to splice reel-to-reel tape and 16 mm film. I even used “alligator clips” with springs as a radio news reporter, but that’s a story for another day.

I’ve acquired many new skills since graduating from Iowa State as a green 21-yearold journalist. Recently, I learned podcast production and hosting. As SMI’s “Springs Are Everywhere” podcast celebrates its oneyear anniversary, I keep learning new things while relying upon the solid journalistic foundation that my professors built into me. Foundational training is important in any job, but especially in the spring industry. My two guests emphasize this point in “Springs Are Everywhere” episode 5 (November 2024).

Rodney Poore has more than 45 years’ hands-on experience in CNC spring machine manufacturing and technical training. As an adjunct instructor at McHenry County College in the Chicago area, Rod instructs on the fundamentals of numbers. His basic measurement class teaches how to read blueprints and properly use micrometers and calipers to confidently measure parts. That’s a key point of Rod’s book “Fundamentals of Springmaking,” which he wrote a decade ago and continually updates. There are always new machines to learn, Rod says, but the training is limited without a foundation.

Raquel Chole, the second guest on the podcast, works in leadership development. She’s the president and CEO of Global Leadership

Resources and a spring industry veteran. She looks at leadership through the lens of a springmaker’s responsibility.

“The whole world depends on us to make their cars go, to keep seat belts buckled, to protect us in an accident with the headrest and to make the ice in our freezers. We have so much responsibility, and everyone down the line has to understand that responsibility because you could be the person making the spring that’s going to keep someone’s baby safe in a car accident.”

Raquel tells leaders, “You want to make sure that you are doing the things as a leader that’s necessary to produce excellent parts with zero defects to make everything run.” In other words, leadership training is foundational to the success of any company.

While technology is always changing with advances like artificial intelligence (the theme of this issue), fundamentals and foundations never go out of style. Listen to the training podcast and let me know what you think.

Gary McCoy Executive Director

Listen to “Springs Are Everywhere”

The bimonthly podcast, hosted by SMI Executive Director Gary McCoy, features leading experts discussing issues especially relevant to manufacturers of springs, wireforms and stampings.

Apple

https://apple.co/3OJODed

Spotify https://bit.ly/sae-sp

YouTube https://bit.ly/sae-yt

Inside SMI

New Orleans Annual Meeting Heads to

The 2025 SMI Annual Meeting will be held in New Orleans at the Kimpton Hotel Fontenot, March 29–April 1, 2025.

A robust educational program is planned, along with many optional activities in the Crescent City.

“We are excited to bring the SMI annual meeting to New Orleans for the first time,” said SMI president Don Jacobson III. “The city provides endless unique cultural experiences. Along with our education and networking events, we have many fun outings planned with golf, pickleball, a behind the scenes look at Mardi Gras and a private tour of the city’s outstanding WWII museum.”

The Kimpton Hotel Fontenot is a downtown New Orleans hotel in the central business district within a short walk or ride to area attractions, including the infamous French Quarter and the new Caesars New Orleans casino.

More information on the 2025 meeting will be forthcoming to SMI members.

We’d love to hear from you!

Springs welcomes your notes and comments on the contents of our publication. Please email Phil Sasso, Managing Editor, at phil@smihq.org

2025 Spring Design Training Schedule

As a component of SMI’s Advanced Spring Design (ASD) computer software, SMI offers spring design training programs to help industry newcomers and veterans increase their knowledge. Training is available to both members and nonmembers.

The training program for 2025 is listed below.

2025 Classes

Class Date*

301 Springs – Fatigue

Jan. 16, 2025

304 Dimensioning, Tolerancing & Testing Feb. 20, 2025

205 Power, Constant Force, Spiral, & Torsion Bar Spring Design (new course offering)

201 Compression Spring Design

March 20, 2025

April 17, 2025

202 Extension Spring Design May 22, 2025

203 Torsion Spring Design

206 Snap Ring Design

June 19, 2025

July 17, 2025

301 Springs – Fatigue Aug. 21, 2025

201 Compression Spring Design Oct. 16, 2025

202 Extension Spring Design Nov. 20, 2025

203 Torsion Spring Design Dec. 18, 2025

Webinars are scheduled from 1–5 p.m. EST. *Dates are subject to change.

The SMI Technical Committee is developing two new courses: 204 Beam and Washer Spring Design and 207 Strength of Materials and Spring Material Manufacturing. Dates for these classes will be announced as information becomes available.

SMI also offers training on demand at individual company locations. This can be an attractive, cost-effective alternative for companies that wish to train a large number of their associates. Please contact Gary McCoy at gary@smihq.org for details.

For more information and to register for classes, visit www.smihq.org/spring-design-training-program or contact Gaby Carrasco at gaby@smihq.org.

Calendar z Key Events for the Global Spring Industry

2025

Feb. 11–13

wire and Tube Mexico Cintermex Monterrey, Mexico www.wire-tube-mexico.com

March 29–April 1

SMI Annual Meeting

Kimpton Hotel Fontenot New Orleans • www.smihq.org

April 12

wire Eurasia

Tüyap Istanbul Fair and Congress Center Istanbul, Turkey • www.tuyap.com.tr/en

May 12–15

WAI Interwire 2025

Georgia World Congress Center Atlanta • www.wirenet.org

Sept. 8–11

FABTECH McCormick Place Chicago • www.fabtechexpo.com

Sept. 6–8

wire Middle East Africa

EIEC — Egypt International Exhibition Center Cairo, Egypt • www.wire-mea.com

Sept. 17–18

wire Southeast Asia

Bangkok International Trade & Exhibition Centre (BITEC) Bangkok, Thailand www.wire-southeastasia.com

Sept. 25–26

ISO/TC227 – Springs

Hangzhou, China 2026

April 13–16

wire 2026—International Wire and Cable Trade Fair

Send Us Your News

SMI members receive priority placement for their product, company, personnel and events announcements in the magazine. Your news releases should be roughly 50 to 100 words and may be accompanied by color photos (high-resolution .JPEG photos at 300 dpi preferred). Send to gaby@smihq.org.

Fairground Düsseldorf Düsseldorf, Germany wire-tradefair.com

Oct. 7–9

SpringWorld 2026

Donald E. Stephens Convention Center Rosemont, Illinois www.springworld.org

2024 ISO/TC227 Springs Meetings Held in Milan

By C. Richard (Rick) Gordon

The ISO/TC227 Springs Working Group 5 and Plenary meetings were held Sept. 12–13, 2024, at the UNI — Italian Organization for Standardization headquarters in Milan, Italy. ANCCEM (the Italian Spring Manufacturers Association) organized the event. Delegates from around the world were welcomed to Milan by Fabio Visentin, head of the Italian delegation.

Four U.S. representatives attended the meeting: Rick Gordon (technical director, SMI), Don Jacobson III (SMI president, Newcomb Spring), Nick Przygoda (Hoosier Spring) and Bernie Taylor (Hoosier Spring). Jacobson headed the U.S. delegation.

SMI is the technical advisory group to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for ISO/TC227. The U.S. delegation ensures the interests of American spring manufacturers, designers and consumers are represented in international standards

development. WG5 is responsible for revising ISO standard “16249 Springs—Symbols.” This was the 20th meeting of ISO/TC227 and the first meeting of WG5. SMI’s technical experts bring decades of manufacturing experience to the ISO/TC227 working groups.

Twenty-three participants from eight primary (P)-member countries (China, Germany, Italy, France, United Kingdom, United States, Japan and Poland) participated in the WG5 meeting. Shiro Sugiura from Japan chaired the session, which included a review and resolution of 38 comments and suggestions. Six comments submitted by the U.S. delegation were accepted. SMI will prepare a new draft of Annex A, including symbols typically used in North America, to be reviewed by March 3, 2025. Twenty-four (P)-members attended the Plenary meeting and approved 12 resolutions. Gordon served on the drafting committee (English) for WG5 and the plenary session.

“The contributions to this standardization effort by the SMI Technical Committee members is very much appreciated,” Jacobson said.

The 21st meeting of ISO/TC 227 will be Sept. 26, 2025, in Beijing, China.

Outside meeting hours, delegates enjoyed a guided tour of the “Museo del Novecento” and dinner on the historic ATMosfera tram while touring the sites of Milan. The cuisine did not disappoint.

If you’re interested in participating in the ISO standards process, contact Rick Gordon at c.richard.gordon@gmail.com or Tom Armstrong at tgarmstrong@outlook.com.

ISO/TC227 delegates and guests prepare for dinner on the historic ATMosfera tram.

Pictured (l-to-r): Nick Przygoda, Dr. Andres Weinrich, chairman ISO/TC227, Don Jacobson III, Shigeo Aiba, secretariat ISO/TC227, Bernie Taylor and Rick Gordon at UNI — Italian Organization for Standardization headquarters.

SMI Survey Schedule: Benchmark with Your Peers

SMI regularly surveys its members to help them understand how they are performing compared to others in the industry. We respect your privacy and recognize the importance of confidentiality. No company data is ever shared with SMI members, SMI itself or any third parties. 2025–26 Schedule

Key Business Trends (regular and associate members) Survey Sent Responses Due Results Sent

First Quarter 2025

April 7, 2025 April 17, 2025 April 18, 2025

Second Quarter 2025 July 7, 2025 July 17, 2025 July 18, 2025

Third Quarter 2025 Oct. 4, 2025 Oct. 14, 2025 Oct. 15, 2025

Fourth Quarter 2025 Jan. 6, 2026 Jan. 16, 2026 Jan. 17, 2026

Wages & Benefits (every other year — regular member contacts)

2026 Sept. 3, 2026 Oct. 1, 2026 Nov. 15, 2026

Salary (every other year — regular member contacts)

2025 Oct. 1, 2025

Annual Market Survey (regular member contacts and prospective members)

30, 2025 Nov. 29, 2025

EXPO AND SYMPOSIUM

ROSEMONT, ILLINOIS • OCT 2-4

Presented by CASMI and SMI

Thank you to all who attended SpringWorld 2024, presented by CASMI and the newly added symposium, presented by SMI.

With the SMI educational symposium and CASMI expo combined, SpringWorld 2024 is North America’s foremost spring industry event. SMI hosted two mornings of business and technical content, including a keynote economic presentation and 18 individual educational sessions. The exhibit hall, by CASMI, saw over 100 equipment and service providers, with most booths displaying manufacturing process equipment,

102

BOOTHS

EXPO AND SYMPOSIUM

Presented by CASMI and SMI

automation, software and the latest technologies. Over 1200 key spring industry decision makers in attendance both attended sessions and toured the exhibit hall to learn about the latest technologies and meet with suppliers from around the globe, including component and material suppliers, as well as equipment providers for coiling, grinding, peening and wire forming, to name a few. CASMI is excited for future trade shows.

Save the date for SpringWorld 2026 on October 7-9, 2026.

1,296

ATTENDEES & EXHIBITORS

New SpringWorld brand showcased onsite.

Expo hall saw high traffic and great networking opportunities.

CASMI and SMI leaders come together for ribbon-cutting ceremony.

Attendees learn the latest technologies on the show floor.

Rebecca Hathaway

Podcast Picks

How AI is Changing Who Gets Hired — and Who Doesn’t

The TED AI Show | Bilawal Sidhu E25 | Oct. 22, 2024 | 40 min.

Rebecca Hathaway

served as SMI’s interim communications and administrative coordinator for SMI from August 2024 through January 2025 during Gaby Carrasco’s maternity leave. We thank Rebecca for her contribution as a guest columnist in this issue.

Navigating the job market since I finished grad school in June 2024 has been much different with AI. I’m constantly re-tailoring my resume to be applicant tracking system (ATS)-friendly. I sort through job descriptions written by ChatGPT. I’ve even been interviewed by a robot. By networking on LinkedIn, I landed my interim position with SMI.

“The TED AI Show” piqued my interest for a few reasons. It’s a branch of the TED Talk series everyone likes, me included. It fits the theme of this issue of Springs. And it features experts who demystify AI’s “thrilling, sometimes terrifying” nature by spilling knowledge and real-world applications. The podcast is hosted by creative technologist Bilawal Sidhu, who has over a decade of experience working on projects like YouTubeVR and Google’s Immersive View.

In this episode, Sidhu interviews Hilke Schellmann, Emmy award-winning journalist and author of “The Algorithm,” for insights on AI and hiring practices. The research she shares is valuable for seasoned professionals curious about how AI can impact their business or for recent job hunters seeking to understand modern hiring strategies.

Schellmann explains how recruiters can use AI for hiring. Most companies use ATS resume screening software to parse hundreds of applications.

“There’s no human in this world, or even a bunch of recruiters, who are going to look at all of those applications,” says Schellmann, “and maybe we shouldn’t do this kind of work anymore because there’s also human bias involved in hiring.”

In theory, automated systems reduce bias by scoring applicants against an objective data set. Yet bias persists: one ATS favored

applicants named Thomas, assuming it indicated success, while another ranked baseball players high and softball players low. Schellmann claims this can open companies to discrimination lawsuits, so these clunky first-generation tools must be supervised.

Employers may also use software to analyze a candidate’s emotions on specific topics during video interviews. Other video interviews omit human intervention — AI bots conduct an applicant call and automatically score them based on vocal inflections and answer quality. Some applicants have countered this by creating deepfake avatars to attend these interviews.

The episode next explores how candidates can use AI to navigate the job search landscape.

“Chatbots are helping job seekers generate cover letters with overlap to the job

description,” says Schellmann, “maybe this will be the death of the cover letter.” Since large language models can generate cover letters, it reduces candidate distinction and creates more work for recruiters. To truly stand out, a cover letter must be highly personal or creative. That’s assuming a human will read it.

Also, algorithmic tools can submit applications for a job seeker. “You don’t have to sit in front of LinkedIn or Indeed and click and click to apply,” explains Schellmann. AI can screen descriptions for job matches, optimize and submit a candidate’s resume. The result is job postings spammed with generated applications. This leads recruiting systems to discard resumes with 70-100% keyword matches as copy-paste entries.

These tools offer quick fixes but create new challenges, says Sidhu. It’s like a game of whack-a-mole. Is recording and analyzing an

applicant’s facial expressions overly invasive? Should programming an avatar to attend virtual interviews lead to disqualification? At what point does hiring — a practice originally centered on human connection and company culture — become bots talking to bots?

There is earned hype around AI in the workplace, but there’s still much work for its regulation. Europe is starting to address its legality, while U.S. companies aren’t yet required to disclose AI-driven hiring practices. To stay on top of these changes, we must continue to discuss, revise and supervise AI tools. In the meantime, perhaps we’ll see an increase in kids named Thomas. z

Want to share a business development podcast for us to review? Please send your suggestions to gaby@ smihq.org.

Reviewed by Phil Sasso

Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI

Ethan Mollick, the author of “Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI,” envisions a future where you will collaborate with artificial intelligence (AI) like you might a co-worker. His vision is not of AI replacing people but of AI augmenting our skills and capabilities — a digital tutor, assistant, colleague and coach all in one.

Changing Work

Mollick, an associate professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, compares the thousands of hours his team of dozens of talented people invested in creating a business training simulator with a similar experience he created in a few minutes using AI. “While not perfect, it did 80% of what took our team months to do. Based on just a paragraph-long prompt from me,” he writes.

AI’s ability to do drudge work and supercharge our abilities may soon revolutionize every sector — including springmaking.

Transforming the World

“AI is what those of us who study technology call a general-purpose technology (ironically, also abbreviated GPT),” Mollick explains. “These advances are once-in-a-generation technologies, like steam power or the internet that touch every industry and every aspect of life. And, in some ways, generative AI might even be bigger.”

“Where previous technological revolutions often targeted more mechanical and repetitive work, AI works, in many ways, as a co-intelligence,” Mollick writes. “It augments, or potentially replaces, human thinking to dramatic results.”

There are several types of AI. Mollick tends to focus on the large language model (LLM), like ChatGPT, a generative AI tool trained on a vast text library to predict the next word in a sentence.

Harnessing AI’s Potential

This book is an approachable overview of AI penned by an academic, not a how-to manual. But Mollick lists four practical principles for working with AI:

• Always invite AI to the table

The more you work with AI, the more you’ll understand how it works. “There is no single manual or instruction book that you can refer to in order to understand its value and its limits,” he writes. AI can have a steep learning curve, so it’s best to integrate it as often as practical.

• Be the human in the loop

AI doesn’t “know” anything. It depends on human discernment. “LLMs’ tendency to

‘hallucinate’ or ‘confabulate’ by generating incorrect answers is well known,” Mollick writes. Although hallucinations have diminished, AI is still often wrong, so be sure to vet its responses.

• Treat AI as a person (but tell it what kind of person it is) Giving AI a role (i.e., “You are an MBA.”) can help refine its responses. There’s a pattern to the input AI is trained on. “By breaking the pattern, you can get much more useful and interesting outputs,” Mollick explains. “The easiest way to do that is to provide context and constraints.”

• Assume this is the worst AI you will ever use “We are playing Pac-Man in a world that will soon have Play Station 6s,” Mollick

analogizes. “Remaining open to new developments will help you adapt to change, embrace new technologies and remain competitive in a fast-paced business landscape driven by exponential advances in AI. This is a potentially uncomfortable place to be.”

Although not as practical as the subtitle suggests, Co-Intelligence is a good read if you’re interested in AI’s backstory and its future in the workplace. Mollick's breezy style makes complex concepts accessible. And as Mollick concludes, “AI is a co-intelligence, not a mind of its own. Humans are far from obsolete, at least for now.” z

Have a favorite business book you would like me to review? Email your suggestion to phil@smihq.org.

New Products

Touch Screen Gloves with Cut Protection

Brass Knuckle® SmartCut™ BKCRT201 work gloves are designed for hands-on work that requires frequent touch screen use. According to the company, the BKCRT201 provides dexterity, medium cut protection and touch screen compatibility, that allows workers to use touch screen devices without removing their gloves, aiding in safety compliance. Features include a polyurethane-coated palm for grip and protection, an uncoated back for ventilation and ANSI level 2 cut resistance. Ideal for the manufacturing workplace, these gloves combine durability with the demands of modern technology.

For more details, contact Brass Knuckle at www.brassknuckleprotection.com or call 770-674-8930

Cost-Effective Oven for Small Springs

Pyromaitre’s new P106-BASIC oven is designed for small springs and positioned at an economical price point. Evolved from the PS-106E, the P106-BASIC costs about 40% less than the full-featured model. It runs at temperatures of up to 1000°F and is CQI-9 ready.

The P106-BASIC has a user-friendly touch screen and a servo-controlled conveyor for adjustable belt speeds ranging from one minute to over one hour. With heat loss control, the need for traditional oven curtains that obstruct spring flow is eliminated, and the lower convection setting stops smaller springs from blowing. Additional features include direct-driven fans, solid-state relay heating control and ±20°F temperature uniformity.

The convenient size of the P106-BASIC allows it to fit into most workplace spaces, and the oven’s simple design makes it low maintenance. A five-year warranty on heating elements and three-year warranty on material and workmanship are included. For additional information contact Pyromaitre at www.pyromaitre.com or call

New Products

HSI’s Compression Spring Fatigue Tester

The new HST1000F compression spring fatigue tester from Forming Systems Inc. and HSI has individual counters for each test station. In addition, the HST1000F can count the running cycles for each spring, detect when each spring has broken or is deformed and record the broken cycle.

The HST1000F offers a wide range of load options, accommodating weights from 50 kilograms (500N) to 3,000 kilograms (30,000N). Features include a touch screen panel, a PLC control system for easy setup and an auto-stop function for single or multiple failures. The maximum cycle capacity is 999,999.

For details, contact Forming Systems Inc. at info@formingsystemsinc.com or 269-679-3557.

WAFIOS Industrial Robotics Solution

WAFIOS has developed an efficient solution for handling multi-step workpieces by integrating a KUKA robot with the fWPS 3.2 EasyWay programming system. The

EasyRobot eliminates the need for additional employee training by allowing operators to control both the machine and robot from a single interface.

WAFIOS has integrated EasyRobot’s movement into its CNC machine control units for spring, wire and tube production. Operators can use the machine’s touch screen to guide robot movements and execute tasks directly within the production program. It also includes features like palletizing and job list management. Depending on the setup configuration, EasyRobot can be integrated into the machine structure or tailored to work alongside the machinery system.

For additional information, contact WAFIOS at www.wafios.com or call 203-481-5555. z

Send us Your News

SMI members get priority placement of their product news. News releases should be roughly 50 to 100 words and may be accompanied by color photos (HiRes .JPEG at 300 dpi preferred). Send to gaby@smihq.org.

North American Spring Tool (NAST) has merged with Spring Manufacturers Supply Company (SMSC), to create a new company, Spring Tool Solutions (STS).

Providing a complete line of carbide and steel tooling for spring coiling machines:

Fenn (TORIN) | Itaya | MEC | Samuel | Sleeper & Hartley and more... (see website for complete list)

Advertisers’ Index

Cei y Radcliff Wire

Ryan

Name: Ryan Cei.

Snapshot

Company name and city: Radcliff Wire, Bristol, Connecticut.

A brief history of your company: Radcliff Wire was founded more than six decades ago, with a vision to produce hard-to-find flat, square and shaped wire for spring manufacturers. Over the years, we have expanded our product range to include carbon, stainless, nickel alloys and red metals and now serve various industries, including aerospace, electronics, medical, automotive and consumer products.

Job title: General Manager/Vice President.

What I like most about being a springmaker: As a supplier to the spring industry, I am always amazed at how many springs are used in our everyday lives and each spring manufacturer has their niche and area of expertise.

Spring industry affiliations: NESMA board member.

Birthplace: Connecticut.

Current home: Wallingford, Connecticut.

Family: Wife (Karen), daughter (Karina), 9, son (Colby), 5, identical twin daughters (Kylee and Lacey), 4, and two Australian Shepherds, (Minnie and Cooper).

Favorite food: Pizza.

Favorite books/authors: Thomas Freidman.

Your hobbies: Travel, golf and chasing children.

Favorite places: Hong Kong.

Podcast you’re listening to: Pardon My Take.

One of the best times of my life: Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro.

A great evening for me is: When all the kids are in bed early.

The one thing I can’t stand is: When someone chooses the easier wrong over the harder right.

I knew I was an “adult” when: I changed my first diaper.

If I weren’t working at my company, I would like to: Be golfing.

I wonder what would have happened if: I could see one hour into the future.

Role models: My father.

I’d like to be remembered in the spring industry for: Bringing unique solutions to wire problems.

But people will probably remember me for: Being Charlie’s new guy.

The Cei family (pictured l-to-r): Kylee (4), Karen, Lacey (4), Karina (9), Ryan and Colby (5).