October 2018
All About Breast Cancer Top 5 ways to Relieve Stress
Do I
have to Do it
NOW
Electric Vehicles A Story About Fuel
Rush Less Feel More
What are Friends For
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For a long time, Kasr Al Ainy has been a refuge, a safe haven for many people in need of help. It has always provided care and comfort. It has provided hope for better health and new chances of living for many of our family and friends. Its standing history from 1837 till today makes it one of Egypt’s landmarks. Kasr Al Ainy is not only a teaching hospital for doctors. It provides us with a lifestyle. We wake up every day with the intention of doing our best for a sustainable peak performance, just like the place we belong to. Over the years, through highs and lows, war and peace, care and neglect, prosperity and poverty, Kasr Al Ainy doctors have been standing with all their strength of knowledge and care to save lives. We save lives. I can’t think of a job with a better purpose. Being a doctor is a huge responsibility, being part of Kasr Al Ainy is an even larger responsibility. Our journey starts from the day we enter this place until the last day of our lives. This place withholds many untold stories, undocumented successes and more. Our magazine proves that there is more to Kasr Al Ainy than just being a hospital and there is more to us than just being students.
Our purpose is to develop a sense of pride and belonging in our medical soci-
ety by sharing our own stories and telling stories that haven’t been told before. We thrive to give attention to little-known subjects, to speak truth to ourselves, and to give applied medical knowledge in an interesting & fun way. We feel that it is our duty to constantly motivate ourselves and our readers. We’ll tell you about how we, the SSS, try to make changes in the world around us, to contribute to our society-and sometimes- simply bring laughter to a place that takes itself too seriously. We believe in the power of words and how they can change the world. We believe that our stories are worth sharing. We believe in the power of connection. Together we rise and continue to shine and inspire. As said by the famous proverb ‘We don’t live in Kasr Al Ainy, it lives inside us’.
If you believe in your power to make this world a better place, then this magazine will encourage you to believe more in yourself and prove that you are not alone.
Nada Kholeif Editor In Chief / SSS Magazine Coordinator Editorial
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Rush LESS
FEEl MORE Amira Ossama
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Do we perceive beauty? Do we stop to appreciate it? These were the questions Washington Post Writer Geno Weingarten aimed to answer by conducting a social experiment. This experiment was So, let’s just take performed by Violinist Joshua Bell, winner every opportunity of the Avery Fisher Prize for outstanding to treat achievement in classical music; a prize ourselves to a few that is regarded as one of the most significant awards for American precious moments instrumentalists. Bell’s of doing what we instrument was a 300-year old Stradivarius really love. Violin called Gibson ex Huberman which was made in 1713 and is worth 3.5 million And remember, dollars. In the 45 minutes the musician played, only 7 people stopped and “Rush less, feel more.” stayed for a while. He only collected 32.17 dollars. Three days earlier, Bell had played to a full house at Boston Symphony Hall where fairly good seats went for 100 dollars. The experiment was videotaped on hidden camera and The Washington Post posted the video on YouTube. According to the Washington Post, one conclusion from this experiment could be: if we don’t have a moment to stop and listen to one of the best musicians in the world, What else are we missing? This experiment was published on January of 2007. However, I’ve come across a post about it on social media recently and while reading it I couldn’t help but link this experiment to a beautifully striking ad made by “Galaxy Chocolate” named Chase. This advertisement featured Cupid chasing a young woman with a final message that read: “Rush less, feel more” Now, after giving it a thought, I feel it’s not necessarily love she’s missing and that the message of the advertisement strikingly hits a nerve. I admit that it is a bit extreme. I mean, why would such an advertisement make me feel like I’m missing something in my life? I believe the answer may be the hustle and bustle of everyday life is holding me back from appreciating the few moments throughout the day that are worth enjoying. I dare say it’s not just me who’s feeling like this. Rush less , feel more
5
Do I have to do it now? Hossam Negm
P
rocrastination is no doubt
a word we all know by heart. We have all practiced the act of procrastination several times in our lives. In fact, we practice it a lot on a daily basis; we wake up with a to-do list filled with tasks that need to be done by the end of the day, but then we think to ourselves: “maybe not today.” I probably procrastinated more than once while writing this article. Procrastination is quite similar
to escapism. It can be defined as voluntarily delaying an intended course of action despite expecting things to be worse off due to the delay. It’s a vicious cycle that starts with eagerness to become productive, leading to stress exerted on our minds, followed by the desire to escape stress through doing unproductive things, the keywords being FUN and EASY.
Waste of Time
To-do list
Dead Lines
Tasks 6
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As long as anything is easier and more fun than what we are supposed to do, we would want to do it, even if normally we wouldn’t have the desire to do something like that. For example, you could be a person who isn’t that into movies. And yet, once you have something to do, you suddenly have an urge to watch a lot of movies; even if the attained pleasure has no part in achieving our goals. As such, this course of action is characteristic of animals and not human beings. This is because human beings are productive creatures who care about the future by nature; otherwise, civilizations would not have come to exist in the first place. This is why human beings who procrastinate will be overthrown by a storm of negative feelings producing even more stress. As such, the cycle continues and becomes even more profound and more vicious.
Thankfully, this cycle is broken at a lot of times by panic and fear, which are only effective when it comes to situations with deadlines. Unfortunately, most of our dreams and goals, for better or worse, do not have any deadlines; we aren’t able to break the cycle easily. This leads to nagging frustration as we realize that we haven’t even started chasing our dreams due to procrastination. After all, dreams do not have due dates. This struggle is eternal and there’s no trick to overcoming it. The only solution is to keep struggling because the moment we give up is the moment we cease to feel alive. Procrastination is part of human nature. Even the most successful human beings have procrastinated. In fact, the moment we stop procrastinating is the moment we stop being human.
Do I have to do it now ?
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t I t igh
F
You are Not alone 8
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stay s
tron
g
All about
N
ow that October has arrived, it’s time for us as medical students to face the fact that it’s time to get back to school (sobbing). However, October is not just about sections, lectures and rounds. October, my friends, is the Breast cancer awareness month known as Pink October. During October a variety of events around the world are organized including walks and runs such as The National Race for the cure (first held in 1983), the Susan G. Komen 3-day walk, and the Breast Cancer Today walk. All events are aimed at spreading awareness and raising funds for breast cancer research. Unfortunately, it hasn’t always been like this. For decades, women diagnosed with breast cancer were left to suffer the emotional burden of facing this nightmare without
having the courage to speak their mind and express their feelings. It took several prominent women who took the lead and opened up about their experiences with the disease. For example, in 1974 the first lady, Betty Ford, held a press conference sharing the details of her story with the public after she had a mastectomy. I believe that the efforts exerted throughout the years have paid off. Today, women all over the world have the opportunity to know the statistics, dreadful as they are, and still have hope.
All about Breast cancer
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What is Breast Cancer?
B
reast cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow out of control. The cells form a tumor that can be seen on x-ray or felt as a lump. The tumor is malignant if the cells invade the surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas. Breast cancer occurs mostly in women, but can also occur in men. Breast cancers can start from different parts of the breast. Most breast cancers start in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple (ductal cancers). But some begin in the glands that make breast milk (lobular cancers). Other types of breast cancer are less common.
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Nightgmare in pink
M
ore often than it should, cancer and its likes of ferocious diseases are associated with Men. Given the longer life span the fairer sex has, it’s difficult to contest the fact that when it comes to diseases in general, women might have had it easier. That is until you factor Breast Cancer into the debate. Usually cancers are prevalent in the geriatric population. But even age isn’t a boundary for breast cancer. As a matter of fact, Chrissy Turner was diagnosed with breast cancer at the astounding age of 8 years. Described in Edwin Smith’s Surgical Papyrus in 1600 BC (Yes that far back!), breast cancer is easily the most frequent life-threatening cancer among women. Back in the 19th century, people had no means of treating the condition, evidently so sufferers died at a younger age. Even with today’s stateof-the-art medicine, breast cancer remains a nightmare that no woman should wake up to. The most dreaded circumstance related to the diagnosis of the disease is being too late. Most cancer patients have a strong inclination towards complete remission if diagnosed early and breast cancer is no exception to the rule. Luckily, breast cancer is one of the conditions with the earliest ques to promptly get a checkup. All About Breast Cancer
11
D
ue to being a type of cancer at the end of the day, breast cancer can be fatal and deadly especially during the terminal phases. This is why early detection is essential to prevent death and it’s important to know that the cure rate for breast cancer during early phases is extremely high.
Let’s use this opportunity to answer the question at hand which is: How do we detect breast cancer during early phases? Now this is divided into two ideas: Symptoms and Diagnosis.
SYMPTOMS: The earliest stage of breast cancer is often symptomless. However the first clear symptom to appear is new lump or mass in the breast area. A cancer lump is a painless, hard mass that has irregular edges but in the case of breast cancer, it can be rounder, tender and softer. Thereare other symptoms that might appear without even the appearance of lumps or masses but these symptoms are not unique to cancer. However it’s better to be safe than sorry.
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T
here are other symptoms that might appear without even the appearance of lumps or masses but these symptoms are not unique to cancer. However it’s better to be safe than sorry.
These other symptoms include:
Redness or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
Nipple discharge
Swelling
Nipple retraction
If
any of the above symptoms appear, it’s important to go immediately and run screening tests for breast cancer. In fact, it’s advised to run periodic screening tests for breast cancer for all women aged over 40 years especially due to the fact of how symptomless it can be. These screening tests include:
Breast Exam Mammogram First line of examination One of the most effective where the physician checks investigations. It’s for lumps or masses. A basically an X-ray of the woman should also run breast which can show periodic breast exams for whether or not there’s any herself by herself especially abnormality. if she’s over 40 years old.
MRI
Breast Ultrasound
This is done in order to determine whether the breast lumps are solid masses or fluid-filled cysts. As in any ultrasound, it uses sound waves to produce images of deep structures.
Biopsy guided by ultRasound or X-ray
One of the biggest upsides It’s the only definitive way to diagnose breast of this technique is how it cancer. Not only does the pathology of the doesn’t use any radiation. biopsy help in making the diagnosis but it also helps in determining the stage of cancer and the appropriate lines of treatment. All About Breast Cancer
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Treatment
T
he first line of treatment that comes to the commoner’s mind is surgery. However, this doesn’t apply to all patients. Depending on the stage of the tumor, its sensitivity to hormones, and the patient’s age the patient may do well with biological treatment. Drugs such as Herceptin and Avastin target specific types of breast cancer. These drugs, also known as targeted therapy, employ the body’s own immune
Inhibitors are the ones most widely used for this purpose. As with any other cancer, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonplace in breast cancer treatment. Using cytotoxic drugs such as Methotrexate to kill cancer cells has been successful-albeit with dire side effects. It’s used to shrink tumors with inoperable sizes, or for the illfated patients with metastasis (more on that later). Not that different from it, radiotherapy
system to fight off cancer cells, thereby sparing the normal ones. Furthermore, hormone blocking drugs are used to prevent recurrence of hormone sensitive breast cancers. Tamoxifen and Aromatase
using careful doses directed towards the tumor helps prevent recurrence. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used post-operatively to destroy any remaining cancer cells.
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L
ast but not least, let’s talk about going under the knife. Again, the type and stage of the cancer will fundamentally determine the type of operation the patient needs to undergo. Radical mastectomy is considered the most promising option for patients with advanced stages, particularly if invasion of surrounding tissues has occurred.
For less severe cases, a simple lumpectomy- where a small part of the breast is removed- can be an option. Such extensive operations may prove to be detrimental for any woman’s self-confidence. This is why it should be noted that after surgery, there is always the option of breast reconstruction.
What’s more feared than Breast Cancer
?
Its complications
A
s I already mentioned, early diagnosis is the safest bet with cancer. Late discovery may be quite challenging as complications will be in tow. Metastasis is, by far, the most gruesome complication of all. It’s where the cancer cells start detaching and reach the blood stream. From then on, the entire body becomes an open gamble. Cancer cells can attach themselves to any tissue, and start growing there. The most common areas are the Brain, Bones, Liver and Lungs. Patients at this stage, despite poor outlook, may undergo multiple lines of treatment for their condition. All About Breast Cancer
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Can I pr
brea canc
T
his is a question that many people, especially women, are asking. It’s also a question we’ll be attempting to answer today. There are, indeed, things that can be done to lower the risk of developing breast cancer. But unfortunately, there is no sure way for absolute prevention. One in eight women develops
breast cancer in their lifetime, but not everyone’s risk is the same. One’s chances of developing breast cancer depend on a combination of genes, lifestyle and life choices. Things that make a person more liable to develop a certain condition are known as risk factors
Older age, especially 60 years or over Family history of breast cancer First menstrual period before age 12 Menopause at age 55 or above First childbirth after age 35 Null parity ( not having had children) Tall height (5’8” or taller) Dense breasts History of benign breast disease (like atypical hyperplasia)
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revent
ast cer?
On THE d n a h other
There are also some controversial risks such as: Hormonal contraceptives Environmental exposure
Circumstances, Properties or Procedures that make it less likely for one to develop a disease are called protective factors. Protective factors for breast cancer include: Less exposure of breast tissue to estrogen made by the body Risk-reducing mastectomy
Ovarian ablation Getting enough exercise
All about Breast cancer
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T
here is a lot of good news about breast cancer these days. Treatment keeps getting better, and we know more than ever about ways to prevent the disease. These upcoming 8 simple steps can help lower the risk of breast cancer. Together they can have a big impact.
1 2 3 18
4
Keeping Weight in Check Maintaining a healthy weight has an important role in the prevention of breast cancer especially after menopause.
Being Physically Active
Women who are physically active for at least 30 minutes a day have a lower risk of breast cancer.
Eating Fruits & Vegetables and Avoid Alcohol
A healthy diet that includes lots of fruits and vegetables can lower the risk of breast cancer.
Not Smoking
Smoking lowers the quality of life and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and at least 15 cancers including that of the breast.
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5 6 7 8
. Breastfeeding, If Possible Breastfeeding lowers the risk of breast cancer. It also has great health benefits for the child.
.Avoiding Birth Control Pills, Particularly After Age 35 and in smokers
Women who are taking birth control pills have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer. The risk goes away quickly after stopping the pill.
Avoiding Post-Menopausal Hormone Therapy
Post-menopausal hormone therapy is sometimes used to prevent chronic diseases such as osteoporosis. This should not be continued long term as these hormones may act on receptors in the breast leading to the development of malignancy.
Tamoxifen and Raloxifene for Women at High Risk
Approved by the FDA for breast cancer prevention, these powerful drugs can have side effects, so they aren’t right for everyone.
Here are two more things that could be done: Finding Out Your Family History Wo m e n w i t h a s t r o n g f a m i l y history of cancer can take certain steps to protect themselves, so it’s important for women to know their f a m i l y h i s t o r y.
Screening
Despite some controversy, studies show that breast cancer screening with mammography saves lives. It doesn’t help prevent cancer, but it can help detect cancer early on, that is, when it’s most treatable. For most women, regular mammograms can begin at age 40.
All about Breast cancer
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“ Cancer may have started the fight , but I will finish it. �
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All about Breast cancer
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In
the 19th century, women wore yellow ribbons to remember loved ones serving in the military. Many Americans took this to heart during the
Iran hostage crisis, tying yellow ribbons around their trees, as tribute to loved ones who were being held hostage. In the early 1990s, red ribbons began appearing to support AIDS awareness. The pink ribbon, the feminine color so chosen to symbolize health, has become synonymous with breast cancer awareness.
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All about
Y o u CAN BEAT IT All About Breast Cancer
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Electric Vehicles:
The
dream of an energy efficient transportation is finally within our grasp. Eco friendly and cost friendly, Electric Vehicles have been slowly but steadily making their way into mainstream markets. Hailed as a long overdue break for the environment, Tesla’s own Elon Musk has claimed at one point that “In order to have clean air in cities, you have to go electric.” Backed by the fact that in 2016 only two American Car companies didn’t go bankrupt -Ford and Tesla-, it’s becoming clear that the future indeed favors going electric. Or does it? With market leading models Nissan Leaf and Tesla Model S, a little over
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3 million electric vehicles are in use around the world as of 2017. The “Environmentally Friendly” claim has been front and center in all their campaigns. With reduced emission of various hazardous compounds such as soot, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons it’s hard to argue that claim. That is at face value. German researchers concluded that the negative impact on the environment will in fact persist. Only now it’ll decrease due to the amended regulations rather than the technology of the cars themselves. We shouldn’t overlook the fact that although the cars will indeed be rid of fuel propulsion, electricity will still be mostly fuel generated.
Marawan Hamdy
that
“ c o s t
It’s not wrong to conclude that only the local environment will be spared; the kind of electricity that these cars need (which will be massive after worldwide implementation) must be generated somewhere Unless clean energy is used to generate this electricity, Electric Vehicles-on their own- aren’t doing much good. Yes, they are vital to the overall process, but alone, they’re not the solution. To make matters worse, production of these vehicles hasn’t been as fluid as expected. Tesla is plagued by multiple production delays and sometimes complete halts. This in turn naturally leads to deferred
friendly” only refers to the running of
the
the
price
costs vehicle; of
Electric
Vehicle
is
significantly more than regular cars. That being said, Electric Vehicles are indeed pivotal for the future of our environment. However, as long as the world is inclined towards generating their energy sources by fuel, petrol remains the major power source on which electric vehicles run, albeit indirectly. Employed properly and skillfully with
delivery dates for the sometimes impatient buyers. Furthermore, the essential need for charging outlets wherever these cars go makes using them to get to some destinations all but tricky. It should also be noted
being
a holistic approach to clean renewable energy, electric vehicles will be much more than the gimmicks show they are today. Evidently, directing the excessive funding of these vehicles towards cleaner and safer energy systems will prove to be more beneficial on the long run.
Electric Vehicle: A Story about Fuel?
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hat are riends or
WF F
!
Nada Kholeif
We
all have friends, we’ve
I believe accepts you, understands
all lost friends, and
you and makes you a better person.
we’ll all meet new friends. Friends
Real Friend
have always had an impact on our
themselves first. They are happy
lives. We have fun, try different
with their lives, embrace their
and things, talk about ourselves
imperfections,
and how we feel, listen to each
themselves, appreciate
other and have each other’s backs.
have, make effort to be constantly
Friendship is a necessary relationship
better and give positive energy to
in our lives, and as is the case with any
whom they love and care for. They
relationship we have to understand it
wish all the best for their friend’s
and make an effort to keep it when it is
successes.
right. Friendships are as simple as they
One of my favorite quotes I read in a
are complicated, but let’s talk about
book : “Friendship isn’t about
different assets of having friends.
how long you know someone.
are friends
honest
with
with
what they
It’s about who walks into your At first
26
What is a friend?
life, says ‘I’m here for you’,
According to Merriam-Webster a
and then proves it.”
friend is a person who you like and
Lately, there has been confusion
enjoy being with or a person who
between the words: friends and
helps or supports someone . A friend
acquaintances or colleagues.
MedPulse Issue 1
Find your Tribe love them Hard When you meet someone at work and
if the other person is your real friend.
you hang out once or twice, talk to each
I like the quote “If you want a friend,
other briefly, and in vacation or any
be a friend”. Do what you would like
event you don’t here from them, that is
to be done for you. Being a friend does
not real friendship. When you have small
not mean showing up in moments of
talks with someone or meet with a person
intensity like their birthday but it is
once and talk, that is not real friendship.
based on consistency.
They are more called acquaintances or colleagues. You meet them not because
Declutter
you want to see them specially but
serve you no good). Many times we find
because of the circumstances. There is no
ourselves surrounded with people whom
real care or effort given from both parties
we hang out with but something feels
as to be there for each other and so the
wrong. They say that they are our friends
relationship is superficial. This opposes
but their actions say the opposite. We feel
the basic quality of real friendship, which
down and simply not happy. We feel used
is a deep meaningful relationship. We must
or not valued etc. When we need them,
draw a clear line between friendships and
we don’t find the care that we deserve.
acquaintances for the people in our lives.
They don’t make us better people instead
toxic ones (when they
they dim our lights and pull us down.
gain a friend and maintain the relationship
At this moment, we should take a stand
you should make an effort to show up. Be
whom we should surround ourselves
there for your friend as much as you can.
with although it may hurt at first; it is
Love, give, care, and afterwards you will
better for our souls.
To
and make a clear, honest decision about
find trust and loyalty build up naturally
What are friends for!
27
F ie r d n Quality over Quantity Although it may be nice to have lots of friends, this is not available for many of us. Either we don’t get to know a lot of good people or we are just too shy. We may have lots of friends (we think they are friends) but they are just acquaintances – people whom we have superficial relationships with no real bond. So when we need them, they are not there for us. It has never been about the number of people in your life, it has always been
It made us stronger. It taught us more about ourselves. We proved that we can love ourselves enough to move on and believe that we deserve to be surrounded
by
better
people.
Never lose faith in the goodness of people. We are all basically the same. Looking for the same things in life. Sometimes we meet the wrong people, make bad decisions, and get lost. That doesn’t mean we are not good enough. This is part of being human and going through the ups and downs of life.
about what you mean to them and they mean to you. It is about the quality of love, respect and trust you have for each other.
At last, I would like to say that friendship, like anything in life, requires us to take chances to make them and main-
Be brave enough
tain the relationship.It requires us to be
“The broken-hearted are the bravest among us because they dared to love somebody” - Brené Brown
a friend when there is no guarantee that the other person will reciprocate. And yet, we took a chance anyway. But at the end, I believe that the core of friendship is based on showing the people you love how much
So what? You got hurt. Your friend didn’t
they mean to you by giving them an active
turn out that great. Well, guess what? You
role in your life, truly caring about them,
are not alone. We all lost many people
supporting and forgiving.
whom we thought were our friends. We
have this core with your friends then you
learned and we grew out of it. We moved
haven’t figured out what friends are for.
on trying to find another real friend.
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courageous enough to be vulnerable, to be
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If you don’t
1
Meditation
A few minutes can wipe away the day’s stress, bringing with it inner peace. -Sit in a quiet place in a comfortable position -Breathe deeply. -Focus on love and gratitude. -Think of ways to deal with the causes of your stress and what you can change instead of the problems.
TOP HELP
2
EXAMS
DEAD LINES
ways TO RELIEVE
STRESS
3
Watch a movie/ Read a Book
Immerse yourself in a new world where reality meets fiction and the two universes combine. Laugh out when something funny happens, and cry when a character dies and sit on the edge of your seat when the games begin.
Magazine Team Speak out
4
Pour your heart out on the white plank pages; remove this burden off your back. Talk to someone who can understand and let it go.
5
Exercise
Breathing heavily, sweat is pouring and muscles are spasming. That’s what exercise does to you, in order to fit in your favorites pants or to simply get fit. But have you considered exercising to de-stress? Exercise releases endorphins, which are the happy neurotransmitters that put you in a good mood. So when stressed start moving.
Do what makes you happy.
Do these simple, special things which brings a smile to your face and makes your heart glow.
Top 5 ways to Relieve Stress
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ABOUT US T h e M a g a z i n e Te a m
Is a 4th year medical student, a passionate writer, and an artist. I won in the Radiant Peace International Writing Competition in 2012 and was awarded Model Student in Dar El Tarbiah American School.
NADA KHOLEIF
Is a 6th year medical student. I enjoy reading novels and editing articles and think optimism is the key to success. For every negative thing I coms across, there are always positives. I am mostly an introvert.
SARA EL AZIZY
Is a 5th year medical student, an avid follower of the Boxing & Martial Arts sports, and an Amateur Jiu Jitsu & Tai Chi fighter. I like indulging in discussions involving History & Politic.
M A R WA N H A M D Y
Is a 4th year medical student. I am struggling daily to become a better version of myself and sometimes allow myself the pleasure of believing that I am making a progress in this infinite quest. I love reading novels.
AMIRA OSSAMA
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Is a 3rd year medical student. I pick up a hobby for a specific period of time then leaves it for quite a while. I am not proficient about any particular thing but I like to take pride in my knowledge about various fields.
HOSSAM NEGM
Is a 3 rd year medical student . I was good at school but wasn’t happy as I wan’t good at anything else . After searching for so long I found my passion in SSS session on graphic design and now is an aspiring graphic designer.
H A M S A AW N Y
Is a 5th year medical student. I like to try every new things in arts and crafts. To me drawing mandala is a stress treatment . I participated in SSS to acquire new skills about design and I did. My advice to you is to learn a new thing every day.
ESRAA ALI
Is a 3rd year medical Student who has a passion of discovering new things and places, acquiring new skills and helping others . I have always been in love with two things: Mountains and Oceans.
A R WA S H A R A B Y
About US !
31
Acknowledgement
W
e would like to thank everyone who contributed in the magazine. From Abdelrahman Sharaf who gave us an opportunity to show our passions, Ahmed Mandour who was always there for any questions and help, Salma Hazem for her relentless effort in getting the needed approvals, Sherif Nasser for his enthusiasm and support and my friends who helped make the cover photo. We would also like to express our deep gratitude and best regards to our Dean Prof. Dr. Hala Salah , Prof. Dr. Safinaz Salah and Prof. Dr. Abdel Meguid Kassem.
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The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.
Martin Luther King Jr
Quote
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