ISSN 2249-4731 (Online) ISSN 2347-7261 (Print)
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation (JoITI)
September–December 2016
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Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations ISSN: 2249-4731(online), ISSN: 2347-7261(print)
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It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 6 Issue 3] of our Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations, 2016. The intension of JoITI is to create an atmosphere that stimulates vision, research and growth in the area of Instrumentation technology and innovations. Timely publication, honest communication, comprehensive editing and trust with authors and readers have been the hallmark of our journals. STM Journals provide a platform for scholarly research articles to be published in journals of international standards. STM journals strive to publish quality paper in record time, making it a leader in service and business offerings. The aim and scope of STM Journals is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in all the Scientific, Technical and Medical domains. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to our Editorial/ Reviewer board, Authors and publication team for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations
Contents
1. Medical Multiparameter Measurement System Development for Doctors Manisha R. Mhetre, Amey D. Nanotkar, Aryan S. Verma
1
2. Stabilizing Hydrodynamic Bearing Using H∞ Loop Shaping Design Procedure S.J. Siva Abhishek, Niranjan Kumar Gupta, AbhroMukherjee, Satyabrata Das
8
3. Stabilizing Varying Eccentricity Problem in Hydrodynamic Bearings Using Elegant Control Strategies S.J. Siva Abhishek, Niranjan Kumar Gupta, Abhro Mukherjee, Satyabrata Das
14
4. Design and Implementation of LQR with State Observer for Position Control of DC Servo Motor using dSPACE DS-1104 Shivaraju M.A., Sudarshan Patil Kulkarni
21
5. Design of RF Energy Harvesting Circuit Using π Matching Network for Low Power Devices Garima Bajpai, Umesh Barandiya
29
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation
ISSN: 2249-4731(online), ISSN: 2347-7261(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com
Medical Multiparameter Measurement System Development for Doctors Manisha R. Mhetre*, Amey D. Nanotkar, Aryan S. Verma Intrumentation and Process Control, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India Abstract
To determine the overall fitness and risk developing chronic diseases of person, doctors need to know the various parameters of person, which are height, weight and temperature. For measuring these parameters doctors need different devices. Hence, in this paper, a system is designed to measure height, weight and temperature of a person in a single device. The system includes hall sensor, load cell, LM35 PIC microcontroller, LCD display, pulley with handle and base on which person has to stand. The hall sensor, load cell and LM35 sensor are used for measuring height, weight and temperature, respectively. These three sensors and PIC microcontroller and LCD display are mounted on a same base on which person has to stand. The procedure involves measuring the parameters, which are height, weight and temperature using sensors and converting the parameters into digital form using ADC and displaying them on the LCD with the help of PIC microcontroller. This paper concludes with the cost effective system, which will also help to measure body mass index of person along with the mention three parameters. Keywords: Hall Effect, LM35, Load Cell, PIC Microcontroller
INTRODUCTION
In the age of communication and information technology there are tremendous other things which need to be given attention that affects human lives. Undoubtedly, human Body’s height, weight and temperature play an important role in empowering life towards better health. There is about 80 percent of Indians who check their weight and height once in six months and later suffer due to negligence of their own body in their daily life. In addition to this, temperature of body plays a vital role in healthy person. The outside of body - skin - may feel very hot on a sunny summer's day or very cold when it is frosty and snowy. But it is very important that the internal core temperature stays around 37°C [1] whatever the weather and whatever you are doing. Enzymes are protein molecules, which act as biological catalysts, speeding up and controlling all the reactions taking place in the cells of body. These enzymes work best at 37°C. A few degrees cooler and they work so slowly that the reactions in human cells do not go fast enough to person alive. A few degrees higher and the enzymes denature, so they cannot work at all and person will die. For instance, most of the people measure their
JoITI (2016) 1-7 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved
BMI once and they do not know if in the recent months their BMI is constant or not, this little thing once ignored can cost them a lot. It can help a doctor determine overall fitness and risk of developing chronic diseases. A body mass index in the low range signals that person could be malnourished. Maybe person’s body is not properly absorbing nutrients or maybe person just not getting enough calories to support his activity level. Conversely, having a BMI on the higher end alerts physician that there is risk of heart disease, diabetes and certain cancers are higher than someone with a normal BMI. Generally, if person is at a healthy weight, body mass index should fall between 18.5 and 24.9, notes the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. If BMI is below 18.5, individual could be underweight. On the other hand, a BMI greater than 25.0 is categorized as overweight, while a score above 30 is considered obese.
Page 1
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation
ISSN: 2249-4731(online), ISSN: 2347-7261(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com
Stabilizing Hydrodynamic Bearing Using H∞ Loop Shaping Design Procedure 1
S.J. Siva Abhishek1,*, Niranjan Kumar Gupta1, AbhroMukherjee2, Satyabrata Das2
Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India 2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, National Institute of Science and Technology, Berhampur, Odisha, India
Abstract
This paper proposes the idea of H∞ loop shaping to design an active stabilizing controller for short journal bearing. Hydrodynamic bearings have viscous friction and stiffness force associated with fluid film layer sheared during the motion of bearing; at high speed, they can land up too wide and considerable heat is generated. As a result instability occurs, thus working inefficiently that can be the cause of material damage and also producing inaccurate result. So, to minimize the error and making the system stable, a controller is designed using robust control (H∞ loop shaping) approach. Firstly, the system is modelled by mathematical approach, and then compensator is selected to make singular value of nominal control system becoming the desired open loop gain. Finally, H∞ loop shaping controller is designed based on robust stabilization theory. Implementation of this controller is cost efficient and reduces system complexity of short journal bearing setup. Keyword: H∞ loop shaping, short journal bearing, robust control
INTRODUCTION
Hydrodynamic bearing is a fluid film bearing that relies on film of oil or air to create a clearance between the moving and stationary elements. Generally, hydrodynamic bearings are different from plain bearing as they are expensive and complex in design and used in applications that require precise movement and high stiffness like precision machine tools, high speed aircraft, nuclear reactors, and textile spindles.
Hydrodynamic bearings have viscous friction and stiffness force associated with a fluid film layer being sheared during the motion of the bearing. They can experience hydrodynamic effects in a high speed condition if the lands are too wide. After a maximum speed (limit) called threshold speed, the hydro-dynamic bearing goes into a state of instability thus working inefficiently thereby causing material damage and also producing inaccurate results. To rectify this problem actuators are employed in industries, but the problem is raised when a
short journal bearing is used, for example, in wafer manufacturing plants where using large size actuator or damper to stabilize such a small bearing causes unnecessary complexity in the system [1]. Here this paper propose the idea of stability of hydro-dynamic bearing with uncertainty in term of stiffness. Cross sectional view of hydrodynamic bearing shown in Figure 1. To rectify above stated problem, H∞ loop shaping design procedure (LSDP) is used to find suitable controller which can tolerate model uncertainty as large as possible. H∞ LSDP is put forward by McFarlane and Glover, and it is an effective control method for evaluating MIMO system. It is the classical approach which combines the classical control theory with modern robust optimal control [2]. The open-loop plant is augmented by pre and post-compensators to give a desired shape to the singular values of the open-loop frequency response.
JoITI (2016) 8-13 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved
Page 8
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation
ISSN: 2249-4731(online), ISSN: 2347-7261(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com
Stabilizing Varying Eccentricity Problem in Hydrodynamic Bearings Using Elegant Control Strategies 1
S.J. Siva Abhishek1,*, Niranjan Kumar Gupta1, Abhro Mukherjee2, Satyabrata Das2
Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India 2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, National Institute of Science and Technology, Berhampur, Odisha, India
Abstract
The implementation of elegant control strategies to stabilize varying eccentricity problem in hydrodynamic bearing has been proposed in this paper. This implementation deals or gives an advantage of good stability of hydrodynamic bearing, even at critical or threshold speeds where an unstable whirl occurs leading to instability assisted greatly by this varying eccentricity factor. Hence in this paper, we take eccentricity as a function of variation and try to stabilize it with a simple and elegant control law. Related stability graphs have been plotted using MATLAB 2013 and models have been designed using SIMULINK. Keywords: Modeling, varying eccentricity, force coefficients, stiffness coefficients, control law, whirl orbital response
INTRODUCTION Eccentricity can be defined as the difference in the centre of bearing and centre of the rotor system. There is a natural problem in hydrodynamic bearings where eccentricity varies as time progresses. Due to this problem, there occurs a great amount of instability and variation in results. This varying eccentricity if increases beyond a limit may also cause physical damage to the equipment [1]. Dynamics Here we depict eccentricity as a function of (Xr, Yr) where the function đ?‘“(đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; , đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; ) as: 2 2 2 2 [0.75−(đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; + đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; ]2
đ?‘“ đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; , đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; = 2
0.5+ đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x;
2
2
(1) 2
2
11.3947+(6.1404) đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; + đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x;
2
Due to this function and variation we have varying frequency and varying force coefficients which can be formulated as follows: đ?œ”=
đ?‘“(đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; ,đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; )∗4đ??š0 đ?œ‡đ??żđ?‘…
đ??ś 2 đ??ż
.
(2) (3)
đ?œŽ = đ?‘“ đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; , đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; 2
đ?‘“đ?‘&#x;0 = 4 ∗ đ?‘“ đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; , đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; ∗
0.5+ đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; 2
2
1− 0.5+ đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x;
2
đ?‘“đ?‘Ą0 = đ?œ‹ ∗ đ?‘“ đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; , đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; ∗
2
2
0.5+ đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; 2
(4)
2 2
2
2
2
0.75− đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x; + đ?‘‹đ?‘&#x; +đ?‘Œđ?‘&#x;
JoITI (2016) 14-20 Š STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved
2
(5)
Page 14
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation
ISSN: 2249-4731(online), ISSN: 2347-7261(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com
Design and Implementation of LQR with State Observer for Position Control of DC Servo Motor using dSPACE DS-1104 Shivaraju M.A.1, Sudarshan Patil Kulkarni2,*
Department of Electronics and Communication, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The aim of this work is to design the LQR based state observer for controlling the position of a DC servo motor. The Luenburger observer is used to design the observer. The feedback controller gain is calculated using LQR technique and the overall system is simulated on MATLAB/Simulink. After observing the observer based feedback system in MATLAB/simulation, the overall system is implemented on dSPACE DS1104 Controller board. The result is tested using the versatile Control Desk software. When compared to other techniques, Usage of DS1104 controller board for system design and implementation minimizes the design and testing time. Results show that controlling the position using this stated method is more effective than PID control. Keywords: State observer, Luenburger observer, dSPACE DS1104, Control desk
INTRODUCTION
The control of the angular position of DC motor is very important in the field of automation. Hence by continuously determining the shaft position, it is important to control the amount of supplied electric voltage to the servomotor. The controller (feedback) gain is calculated using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller method. The LQR controller is tuned by using different values of Q and R. The function of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is to minimize the deviation of the position of the motor. The influence of using LQR are, it increases the accuracy of the state variables by estimating the state and it is easy to design [1]. The technique called Luenburger observer is used to design the observer. The dSPACE DS1104 is a controller board and is programmable from the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The real-time interface software in the dSPACE generates the code and then down load the real-time code to specific dSPACE boards. In this paper, MATLAB/Simulink is used to model the plant and to develop the control algorithm. After verifying the proposed system
in the MATLAB/Simulink, the same system implemented on the dSPACE DS1104 controller board. The DS1104 Research and Development (R&D) Controller Board is a standard board that can be plugged into a PCI slot of a PC. The control program is written in Simulink environment combined with the realtime interface of the DS1104 board. While the experiment is running, the dSPACE DS1104 provides a mechanism that allows the user to change controller parameters online. Thus, it is possible for the user to view the real process while the experiment is in progress. The DS1104 controller board promises advantages such as less time requirement for iterative design and implementation, high efficiency, higher reliability and flexibility, less sensitive to temperature variation [2]. A brief literature review is carried out [1, 2], in which authors designed PI,PID and LQR controllers to control the DC Servo Motor and implement this on the arduino or any other microcontroller boards. But in this paper, author proposed an observer based LQR controller to control the DC Servo Motor position and implement the same on dSPACE DS-1104 controller board, which provides
JoITI (2016) 21-28 Š STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved
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Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation ISSN: 2249-4731(online), ISSN: 2347-7261(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com
Design of RF Energy Harvesting Circuit Using π Matching Network for Low Power Devices Garima Bajpai, Umesh Barandiya* Department of Electronics Engineering, Nagaji Institute of Technology and Management, Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract
Author proposed a different matching network in this paper to reduce the losses between a receiving antenna and RF to DC convertor by incorporating a π matching network. RF energy harvesting is increasing in demand to charge the low power device without using any external power supply. In this proposed harvesting circuit, the output voltage has been increased up to 5.9 V, which is sufficient enough to charge any low power devices as there battery capacity is only 50 uAh. Simulation results represent that by using π matching network of high-Q, output voltage of harvesting circuit increases and it becomes more sensitive with respect to input signal frequency and value of elements used. Keywords: Radio frequency energy harvesting, matching network, RF to DC power conversion
INTRODUCTION
Everyone needs a cellular phone these days, whether it is for general purpose or professional, you need an efficient way of charging the battery in the phone. But due to short battery backup you need to be tethered to wall almost half of the time when you are using network or internet. No more worrying about forgetting to charge the battery; sounds impossible? It is the main focus of this paper to discuss the first step toward realizing this goal. A new circuit is being proposed in this paper to enhance battery backup by efficient way of charging the phone while using internet or network signals without being tethered to wall or with any power banks available in the market. A system will be presented to charge a cellular phone battery without wires. Energy harvesting is a process of utilizing the energy available in the atmosphere into usable electrical energy [1]. RF energy harvesting from the ambient will have an important role in the future microelectronic circuits. This work is being carried out by many researchers for the following reasons, first is the energy is freely available in space and second is that complementing the low power sources used for energizing the low power electronic devices, as an application to green technology. RF energy harvesting from ambient sources have great potential to impact on the cellular phones and portable electronic devices [2]. This concept needs an efficient antenna along
with a circuit capable of converting RF signals into DC voltage, so as to replace the need for batteries [3].
CIRCUIT DESIGN
This section introduces hardware devices of RF energy harvesting circuit. Here, the main object is to provide the understanding of communication aspects of the energy harvesting network [4]. Basic block diagram of RF energy harvesting circuit is shown in Figure 1. It contains ADS software which was used for the designing of circuit and simulation purpose; and other details have been explained in Figure 5.
Fig. 1: Proposed Design Structure Presented in [2].
JoITI (2016) 29-32 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved
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ISSN 2249-4731 (Online) ISSN 2347-7261 (Print)
Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation (JoITI)
September–December 2016
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