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Journal of Mechatronics and Automation

Contents

1. A Brief Description of Vibration and Noise Control in Vehicles Bhanu Prakash Panwar

2. Evolution of Structural Dynamic Modeling Technique for Airborne Chassis K. Jagadisan, P. Bangaru Babu

3. Multi-Module Intelligent Wheelchair Nehal Dash, Sanghamitra Debta

4. Failure Analysis of Sheet Metal Utensils during Deep Drawing Process Kumbhar Siddharaj V., Sonage B.K.

5. A Review: Distortion Control in 20MnMoNi55 Material Using GTAW and SAW Process Vivek Ubhadiya, G.D. Acharya

Journal of Mechatronics and Automation

ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

A Brief Description of Vibration and Noise Control in Vehicles Bhanu Prakash Panwar* Department of Mechanical Engineering, H.R. Institute of Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract

In the following paper, the advanced and present state of the art technologies in vehicle’s noise and vibrations control are described. Designers and manufacturers have to dedicate the majority of their skills in ensuring that a vehicle is stable in terms of generated noise and vibration furthermore vehicle manufacturer always pay attention to the global competition of their product, stick to government regulations and rider comfort while casting or designing vehicle and accessory components. Previously NVC (Noise and Vibration Control) is calibrated manually but at present designers can take the assistance of advanced computer aided techniques and designing software like (AutoCADD 2D/3D) in order to be confident enough that the illustrated design of the vehicle is optimized for the best class comfort with less noise and vibration. In this paper, initially introduction of NVC is provided followed by the aspect of its generation, effects and remedies. A sight of possible future development and research in this field also suggested. Keywords: Factor of noise and vibration, Vibration analysis and forms of vibration, Vibration factor, Damping ratio, Damping classification, Noise generation, Methods of noise reduction

INTRODUCTION

There has been a continuous growth in the research and development in the different corners of the automobile industry. Engineering from past onwards always tends to derive quality innovations that are being implemented in automobile nevertheless the whole credit does not belongs to the field of engineering alone illustrated softwares like computer aided techniques also act as an imperative tool in case of the design process by reducing the human efforts. Design analysis also provides many engineering solutions where designs can be affected without the presence of manufacturing prototypes. Softwares and equipment developed to detect the vibration response of automobile engine, gearbox assembly or any other components and also noise radiated external components like chassis system or wheels. Countless approach has been used for the analysis of stress induced in the component due to static and dynamic load experienced by it. In response, the structural components also react dynamically to the loads, which is defined or measured in terms of vibrations. If the process of vibration commences to the structure than the air molecules next to it impart oscillatory motion and then it propagates the energy as

longitudinal sound waves which are easily audible to the driver or passenger. The goal of a designer is to eradicate these generated sounds which are easily noticed or heard. A process of continuous assessment is always in action which evaluates the performance of each vehicle in terms of noise level they generate and vehicle’s performing away from the stipulated described method are examined and rectify their shortcomings [1].

NOISE AND VIBRATION FACTOR INFLUENCE TO A VEHICLE

Vehicle noise and vibration performance is an important vehicle design validation criterion since it significantly influences the overall performance of a vehicle. Noise and vibration not only affect the comfort level of the driver but also initiate stress, fatigue and feeling of insecurity. While on the other hand it significantly affects the mechanical components of a vehicle. Mechanical vibrations generate in both the cases of

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Journal of Mechatronics and Automation ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Evolution of Structural Dynamic Modeling Technique for Airborne Chassis K. Jagadisan, P. Bangaru Babu

Research Centre Imarat (RCI)-DRDO, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India

Abstract

To estimate random vibration response of airborne chassis finite element method is used as a tool. For making an appropriate requirement to determine the design requirement of the package for a designer the point of accuracy is very much linked to this prophecy. The modeling practices which are used in FEM are linked to attain preciseness in any considered prediction. Preciseness of a particular FE model is inclined with appropriate consideration of material properties and boundary conditions. Two types of chassis have been modeled in test and software to gain more accurateness in comparison with different modifications. The two main challenges in the present investigation are particularly concentrated. For considering material properties conventional method has been established. By the investigation done on FE model the input rotational stiffness has been given to it. Different mounting arrangements have been formed for two chassis which are investigated to find out rotational stiffness and damping values. The two key factors in the investigation include proper assessment of material properties which will give the correct modeling practice for chassis which is genuine in its steadiness. The design appropriateness of chassis in random vibration analysis will make it simpler for any electronic packaging designer. Keywords: Electronic packaging, Finite element analysis of Chassis, Chassis boundary conditions

INTRODUCTION

The concert of significant roles like guidance, navigation, control etc. in airborne vehicles will mostly show the existence of electronic packages. The electronic packages will face many problems in vibration which is an obstruction to the functionality of the chassis which are related to these packages. The prediction of maximum vibration response achieved by chassis should be checked in the design stage itself so as to confirm it is well within limits. To avoid the failure of any electronic component in the package the counter action should be instigated to remove the probability of failure. In general finite element method (FEM) is used as a tool to meet this criterion. The proximity of vibration response is seen in FEM which will allow making proper adjustment where the accurateness of the FE model is maintained well and it depends on the correct selection of modeling practice.

The simulations of finite element analysis of electronic packages are typically designed in tough environments. Shell elements have been created here with a single quad element with four nodes completely to generate the geometry on the chassis. The thickness can be varied by the use of shell elements which will also decrease the number of nodes created on the chassis. To develop the mass compliance matrix the usage of shell elements gives us the proper information [1]. In element selection 2D solid element is chosen for the body of the package in finite element analysis. Solid 45 elements have been chosen. The two types of mesh is been used in the meshing process. For meshing on chassis free meshing method is used. One directional material property has been chosen for all block regions. Inconsistencies will occur in the generalization of material property, although if the consistency is been within the range then the FE model is acceptable [2]. The edge rotational stiffness and resultant response can

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Journal of Mechatronics and Automation

ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Multi-Module Intelligent Wheelchair Nehal Dash*, Sanghamitra Debta Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Abstract

In this modern world, automation turned into the essential reason for any new gadget. In the vast majority of the gadgets and types of equipment, MEMS go about as a compelling mix according to necessities. MEMS and sensor based wheelchair in particular “IntelliWheelZ” that gives the distinctively capable individuals with an answer for self-sufficient motion both at indoor and open air conditions. IntelliWheelZ is a minimal effort multi-segmental battery worked independent wheelchair with straightforward easy to understand ergonomics. IntelliWheelZ comprises of four modules or segments. Firstly, MEMS is most appropriate for those sort of debilitate individuals who have any one working joint in their body. Furthermore, voice recognition segment permits the wheel seat to proceed onward the premise of voice order sustained into it according to necessity. Remote control system is the third segment that controls the movement of wheel seat through switches of a remote controlled gadget on the standard of remote detecting and transfer circuit. Last segment of the wheel seat is the obstacle sensing and detection mechanism that faculties and recognizes the snag on the way and maintains a strategic distance from the wheel seat from mishaps. Consolidating every one of these modules the aggregate use of IntelliWheelZ is under 10% of the cost of autonomous and powered wheelchairs instantly accessible in the market. Consequently the automatic portability and its minimal cost permit us to say: “IntelliWheelZ”—A MEMS based multi segmental low cost autonomous wheel chair for successful indoor and outdoor mobility. Keywords: MEM sensor, electromyogram signals, voice recognition system, obstacle sensing and detection mechanism and autonomous navigation (remote control system)

INTRODUCTION

The plan, execution, design and implementation of a sensor and control framework to bolster the user of a robotized automated mechanicalelectrical (electromechanical) MEMS and sensor-based wheelchair regarding route and obstacle location has been the goal of the “IntelliWheelZ”. This incorporates acknowledgment of functionalities, like:  A MEMS based Autonomous wheel chair provides a firm solution to the most common form of disability, i.e. the disability in movement, by allowing the differently able persons to move independently from one place to other both at indoor and outdoor conditions.  Autonomous control of the electric wheelchair with the help of body joint movements by the MEMS and other smart sensors.  Reliable avoidance of obstacles, including concave obstacles, like descending stairs



or holes, The main objective behind creating the working model of the project was to make a compact and easy to operate product for disables.

MEMS is the first segment of IntelliWheelZ. This MEMS is best suited for those kind of disable people who are able to move only one joint in their body as in the neck muscles, any hand or leg finger joints, wrist joint, arm joint etc. Any one of the working joint in the whole body will allow the person to move in this wheel chair with MEMS module. The basic use of this sensor is used as accelerometer and motion sensors in embedded mobile applications. Voice Recognition system allows the wheel chair to move on the basis of voice commands. In this VR system 99 voice commands can be fed as per requirement like left, right, stop, etc., in any language. It shows

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Journal of Mechatronics and Automation

ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Failure Analysis of Sheet Metal Utensils during Deep Drawing Process Kumbhar Siddharaj V.*, Sonage B.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.K. Orchid College of Engineering and Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India Abstract

Sheet metal is one of the most important semi-finished products used in the steel industry, and sheet metal forming technology is therefore an important engineering discipline within the area of mechanical engineering. Deep drawing process is used for manufacturing the utensils from sheet metal. The sheet metal forming process to a large extent is based on experience, rules of thumb and trial-error experiments with or without use of scientifically based engineering methods. Trial-error experiments are very expensive with regard to both, money and time along with material. Therefore, development of both, theoretical and experimental engineering methods is very much needed. The objective of the project is to compare the theoretical and analytical results with the experimental. Also the prediction of failures can be done after simulation in ANSYS. The theoretical limitations can be taken into consideration after evaluation of practical results. Keywords: Sheet metal, deep drawing process, trial-error experiments, simulation in ANSYS

INTRODUCTION

In sheet metal industries, where products are manufactured by adopting processes right from melting of scrap to cold working and up to press operation, annealing is one of the important processes. Annealing has to be done properly to avoid failures at various intermediate stages of cold working processes. The use of trial and error methods is very expensive with regard to both money and time along with material loss. The importance of this project lies in its effectiveness of reduction of trial and error methods, material wastage, and time by determining the optimum pressure to deform the sheet metal to form the desired shape without any failures. This is possible because of analysis of the problem using ANSYS which eliminates all the disadvantages associated with conventional methods. The problem occurring during the press operations of aluminium sheet metal to get the desired shape is that the worker has to conduct the trial and error method to get the correct amount of pressure at which sheet metal deforms to desired shape without failures such as necking, wrinkling, earing or shell fracture. This increases wastage of sheet metal blanks, time and labor costs.

The objective of the project is to determine the optimized pressure for deformation of sheet metal and compare with theoretical and practical results. This would result in formation of utensils without any failures or fractures like necking, wrinkling or earing with saving of time and money. Also the failures can be analyzed by using ANSYS.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The Gajanan Industries, Solapur, currently performs the operations by trial and error methods for each batch of production until there are no failures associated with the formed product. These failures may be like wrinkling, cracking or earing. There is no standard pressure set for any of the product and hence trial and errors are performed for obtaining successful draws. For the theoretical approach of the study by Sharma, the design process of the punch and die and the pressure required, is adopted [1].

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Journal of Mechatronics and Automation

ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

A Review: Distortion Control in 20MnMoNi55 Material Using GTAW and SAW Process Vivek Ubhadiya*, G.D. Acharya Department of Production Engineering, Atmiya Institute of Technology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Abstract

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which is suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gases such as helium and argon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. are used as shielding gases to prevent the weld bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameters affecting the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameters which mainly affect the weld quality are; welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, and specimen thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry. Depth of penetration and weld bead width, both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases, depth of penetration increases but weldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Different shielding gases can give its effect on the weld penetration. This paper covers a review of different shielding gas proportions and their effect on the weld penetration. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a process that uses an arc between a covered electrode and a weld pool to accomplish the weld. As the welder steadily feeds the covered electrode into the weld pool, the decomposition of the covering evolves gases that shield the pool. The process is used without the application of pressure, and with filler metal from the covered electrode. The sound weld metal deposited by the process is used not only for joining, but also for applying a functional surface to metal products. In welding booths and shops, the linear metal rod with a covering is commonly referred to as a stick and the shielded metal arc welding process is popularly referred to as stick electrode welding. Keywords: SMAW, GTAW, process parameter, mechanical property

INTRODUCTION

Welding is fabrication process for joining materials, by the application of heat due to an electric arc created between electrode and base metal. Significant impact of welding has been made on large number of industries due to their raising operational competence and output of plant. Welding has capacity to use in any position such as horizontal, flat, vertical (up and down) and overhead [1]. Generally, constant current and constant voltage power supplies are available for use in welding of the materials. An electric arc is directly related to voltage and amount of heat generated related to current [2]. Gas tungsten arc welding is manual welding process in which nonconsumable tungsten electrode, an inert gas and a filler rod is used. GTAW process is in particular preferred forth in materials due to characterizing a stable arc, high weld quality,

better dependability, smooth finishing and high productivity [3]. Many factors affect the strength of weld joint and material around the mare heat input, weldability of base material, filler material, arc voltage and design of joint [4]. Aluminum is most abundant metal of low density and corrosion resistant property due to phenomenon of passivation. GTAW is preferred to weld aluminum alloy at low voltage. Aluminum and its alloys have applications to make structural components of aerospace industry, ship building, vehicle bodies, mine skips and pressure vessels [5]. Aluminum has another property of recycling without any loss of its natural qualities.

GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PROCESS

Gas tungsten arc welding is high quality, high precision and economic process, that produces

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