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It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 3 Issue 3] of our Journal of Structural Engineering and Management, 2016. The intension of JoSEM is to create an atmosphere that stimulates vision, research and growth in the area of Structural Engineering and Management. Timely publication, honest communication, comprehensive editing and trust with authors and readers have been the hallmark of our journals. STM Journals provide a platform for scholarly research articles to be published in journals of international standards. STM journals strive to publish quality paper in record time, making it a leader in service and business offerings. The aim and scope of STM Journals is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in all the Science, Technology and Medical domains. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to our Editorial/ Reviewer board, Authors and publication team for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

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Journal of Structural Engineering and Management

Contents

1. A Study of Affordable Roofing System using Square Pyramidical Panels Ravindra R, Amarnath Malladad

2. Damage Assessment and Strengthening of Transmission Line Tower at Component Level Husain Rangwala, S. Chandravadani, R. Balagopal

3. Experimental Investigations of Prestressed Hollow Core Slabs and Grouted Hollow Core Slabs Rekha B, R Ravindra, Prashanth Kumar Reddy J.V.

4. Thermal Response of Thick Beam Subjected to Thermo-mechanical Loads by Using Hyperbolic Shear Deformation Theory V.G. Pardeshi, G.R. Gandhe2, D.H. Tupe

5. Analysis of Infilled Wall Frame for Evaluation of Multiplication Factor K.S. Tidke, S.K. Jangave, R.S. Patil

6. Comparison of NVC to Different Mixed Design Method of Self-Compacting Concrete Prashant Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Y.K. Gupta, Anupam Rawat

7. Parametric Study of Tuned Liquid Damper on Multistorey Frame Unit Rekha B, Ravishankar C

8. An Experimental Study on Effect of Seawater on Strength of M30 Grade Concrete Akshat Dimri, Sandeep Gupta, V.K. Verma

Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ISSN: 2393-8773(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

A Study of Affordable Roofing System using Square Pyramidical Panels Ravindra R*, Amarnath Malladad Department of Civil Engineering, R.V. College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Abstract Affordability of housing unit is a worldwide concern. The term affordable roofing is used to describe the low cost dwelling units, which are inexpensive and reasonably priced and can easily serve to certain group of people within specified income range. Structural roofing system contributes substantially to cost of construction of housing unit in normal situation; hence, any savings attained in roofing system will reduce the cost of construction of housing unit. In a search of new roofing system, the present study is carried out to check whether the prefabricated roofing would replace the normal roofing process. In the study undertaken, precast RCC roof infill elements are supported on precast RCC joist system. The square pyramidical panels have size of 0.5 m  0.5 m and 0.75 m  0.75 m considered with a rise of 60 mm, 75 mm and 90 mm at the centre. The analysis of the roof system is made by using STAADPRO software and further validated with the software Etabs. The panels are designed using M20 grade concrete and steel corresponding to 415 N/mm 2. The cost analysis made for the roofing system proposed indicates a cost reduction 19.2% and 39.12% for slab size of 2 m  2.5 m and 3 m  3.75 m respectively, when compared to the conventional slab of same size. The weight of the joist systems and the infill panels are found to be relatively less and can handled easily by two to four masons thus reducing the labour cost. The joist systems and panels are prefabricated and can be easily placed thus eliminating need of shuttering and in situ construction, leading to faster construction of slab. The proposed roofing system is cost effective with a greater speed of construction compared to conventional roofing system. Keywords: Affordable roofing, precast concrete, cost economics of roofing system, square pyramidical panel

INTRODUCTION Affordability of housing units is a worldwide concern. The term affordable roofing is used to describe the low cost dwelling units which are inexpensive and reasonably priced and which can easily serve to certain group of people within specified income range. Roofs contribute to 8–11% of the total cost of construction. Structural roofing system contributes substantially to the cost of construction of housing unit in normal situation; hence, any savings attained in roofing system will reduce the cost of construction of housing unit [1]. According to World Bank 2013 report on poverty in India, 23.6% are living in lower income range. Government of India launched Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) in 2015, According to PMAY report, the slum

dwelling is growing at the rate of 34% for a decade; henceforth, there is a need of affordable units. The estimated housing units required by 2022 are 20 million units [2]. In a search of new roofing system, the present study is carried out which is described briefly as follows. Pre-cast Square pyramidical panel elements are placed on pre-cast RCC joist system, which contains primary components joined together with secondary beam and with an overlay of in situ concrete. The two main components are (i) Roof infill element, which consists of square pyramidical panels, (ii) Primary and secondary RCC precast beams grid system. The necessity in the reduction of the cost in construction led to the development of alternative roofing technologies. Filler slab is

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Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ISSN: 2393-8773(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Damage Assessment and Strengthening of Transmission Line Tower at Component Level Husain Rangwala1,*, S. Chandravadani2, R. Balagopal3 1

Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India 2 Department of Civil Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Tower Testing Research Station, CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract The damage assessment and strengthening of transmission tower is an important factor to be considered for life enhancement. The transmission tower deteriorate due to corrosion and ageing. In this paper, analytical and experimental investigation is carried out at component level on cantilever beam made of square hollow and angle section. The damage is inflicted by reducing the stiffness of the beam. The damage is assessed based on frequency response measurements. The damaged beam is strengthened through GFRP (Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer) wrapping using araldite bonding. The analytical investigation is carried out using ANSYS software. The enhanced strength of the beam due to GFRP wrapping is analyzed and the results of experimental and analytical investigations are compared. Keywords: Damage assessment, strengthening, steel beam, cantilever beam, frequency response

INTRODUCTION In the field of structural engineering, structural health monitoring is term increasingly used in the last decade to describe a range of systems implemented on full-scale civil infrastructure. Structural health monitoring is referred as the process of implementing damage detection methodologies and characterizing the current state of health of engineering structure. Structural health monitoring involves observation of system over time using periodically sampled dynamic response measurements from an array of sensors, the extraction of damage sensitive features from these measurements and statistical analysis of these features so as to determine current state of system health [1]. This process involves the observation of a structure or mechanical system over time using periodically spaced measurements, the extraction of damage sensitive features from these measurements and the statistical analysis of these features to determine the current state of system health. Under an extreme event, such as an earthquake or unanticipated blast loading, SHM is used for rapid condition

screening. This screening is intended to provide, in near real-time, reliable information about system performance during such extreme events and the subsequent integrity of the system. In most general term, damage is defined as changes introduced into a system that adversely affects the current or future performance of that system. Damage in the structure can be identified in terms of dynamic properties of the structure such as natural frequency, damping, and mode shape etc. Vibration based damage method growing interest during the past 20 years. Several vibration based damaged methods has been presented in this period which review are given in Rytter 1993) [2]. Pandey et al. [3] and Kahl et al. [4] used special information such as curvature mode and strain data. Some researchers have attempted to detect and localize damage using damage in natural frequencies [5â&#x20AC;&#x201C;8]. The most appealing feature associated while using frequencies is that natural frequencies are relatively simple to measure. The feasibility of

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Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ISSN: 2393-8773(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Experimental Investigations of Prestressed Hollow Core Slabs and Grouted Hollow Core Slabs Rekha B1,*, R Ravindra2, Prashanth Kumar Reddy J.V.3 1,3

School of Civil Engineering, Reva University, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India Department of Civil Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bangaluru, Karnataka, India

Abstract With the advent and rapid inclusion of prefabricated concrete system to the construction industry, it poses interesting research challenges to the academic world. The acceptance of hollow-core slab as an alternative to the normal reinforced concrete solid slabs is getting delayed due to the delusion among public. The usage of grouted hollow core slabs by filling the core with grout is one of the increasing demands observed by the hollow core slab manufacturers. This research paper is intended to compare the behaviour of the hollow core slabs and the grouted hollow core slabs under different loading cases. Deflections at critical section, lateral displacement and failure pattern is experimentally measured and compared as part of the study. The study reveals that for uniformly distributed loading and two point loading, the hollow core behaved elegantly compared to the grouted specimen. In case of single point loading the behaviour of both specimens are in a similar fashion. Keywords: Hollow core structures, grouted hollow core structures, loading capacity, lateral displacement, crack pattern

INTRODUCTION The study on the behaviour of hollow core slab is one of the thrust areas among research fraternity. However, there is a definite gap on research of hollow core behaviour in comparison with grouted core slabs. John F. Stanton tried to determine the distribution of response in hollow-core slab floors subjected to concentrated point and line loads [1]. This paper concluded that the distribution width for the precast is less than the conventional type slab, hence leads to the fact that the entire load should be carried in the longitudinal bending. Vidya Jose, P. Rajeev Kumar gave give insights on the design concepts, manufacture and the erection techniques of hollow core slabs [2]. Tan et al. carried out study using design charts and concluded that the designing for continuity leads to an increase in span capacity of hollow-core slabs with reduced deflections [3]. Edward Fallon discussed the five important stages in the design which includes Stress distribution and deflection checks for Serviceability limit state, Moment capacity and Vertical shear capacity for the Ultimate

limit state and Shear checks at the slab/topping interface [4]. Rahman et al. carried out experimental studies and the results showed that the existing ACI code equations underestimated the flexure-shear strength of these hollow-core slabs [5]. Present Work The dearth of study on grouted hollow cores was visible from the literature study. This paper aims to investigate the gap by conducting the experimental study of hollow cores in comparison with grouted hollow cores; thus, convey the right impression to the public on the load bearing capacity of hollow core slabs. The experiment was conducted at two phases. Phase 1: Preparation of specimens Phase 2: Evaluation of load capacity testing in Loading Frame. Phase 1: Preparation of specimens Being a comparative study, the preparation of specimen is cast using same equipment under similar conditions. Six similar prestressed precast hollow core slabs are prepared of same dimensions. The dimension of those hollow-

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Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ISSN: 2393-8773(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Thermal Response of Thick Beam Subjected to Thermo-mechanical Loads by Using Hyperbolic Shear Deformation Theory V.G. Pardeshi1,*, G.R. Gandhe2, D.H. Tupe2 Department of Civil Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Abstract In this paper, a hyperbolic shear deformation theory (HPSDT) taking into account transverse shear deformation effect is presented for thermo-mechanical stress analysis of thick isotropic beam subjected to thermo-mechanical. The displacement ﬁeld contains two variables. The hyperbolic sine and cosine function is used in the displacement field in terms of thickness Coordinate to represent the effect of shear deformation. The most important feature of the theory is that, the transverse shear stresses can be obtained directly from the use of equilibrium equation, satisfying the stress-free boundary conditions at top and bottom surfaces of the beam. The present theory obviates the need of shear correction factor. Governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. Navier solution technique is employed for the simply supported beams. The results obtained for bending analysis of isotropic beam subjected to thermo-mechanical load are compared with those obtained by other theories like the elementary theory of beam (ETB), first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), to validate the accuracy of the presented theory. Keywords: Hyperbolic shear deformation, isotropic thick beam, principle of virtual work, thermo-mechanical loads

INTRODUCTION The isotropic and anisotropic structural elements are used in aerospace vehicles, construction of rockets, high-speed vehicle and nuclear reactors. The temperature variation often represents a significant factor and sometimes the predominant causes of failure of structure. The deflection and stress analysis of beam subjected to linear thermal load has beam subject of research interest in recent years. B. A. Boley et al. [1] explained the effect of uniform thermal load on thick beam for its analysis of thermal stresses. Wan-Lee Yin [2] have used a variational method involving stress functions is used to determine the interlaminar stresses and the free-edge effects in a laminated beam under a temperature loading. S. Kapuria et al. [3] has presented a new eﬃcient higher order zigzag theory for composite and sandwich beams subjected to thermal loading. Reddy J. N. et al. [4] are presented Thermal deformations in symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply beams are investigated. Yepeng Xu et al. [5] are

presented Two-dimensional thermoelastic analysis for simply supported beams with variable thickness and subjected to thermomechanical loads. Gandhe G. R. et al. [6] are presented thermo-elastic stress analysis perfectly clamped metallic rod using integral transform technique.

THEORETICAL FORMULATION The variationally correct forms of diﬀerential equations and boundary conditions, based on the assumed displacement ﬁeld are obtained using the principle of virtual work. The beam under consideration occupies the following region:

0  x  L;

 b / 2  y  b / 2;

h/ 2 z  h/ 2

Consider a thick isotropic simply supported beam of dimensions L, b and h in x, y, z direction respectively. Where x, y and z are Cartesian coordinates. The beam is subjected to thermo-mechanical load of intensity T(x) + qo on whole length of beam (Figure 1).

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Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ISSN: 2393-8773(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Analysis of Infilled Wall Frame for Evaluation of Multiplication Factor K.S. Tidke1,*, S.K. Jangave2, R.S. Patil2 Department of Civil Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management Studies, Maharashtra, India

Abstract Masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames are the most common type of structures which is used for multi-storeyed constructions in the developing countries like India, even those these are located in seismically active regions. Masonry infill walls are frequently used as interior and exterior wall in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Infill wall protects the internal of the buildings from the environment hazards. Masonry infills are normally considered as non-structural elements and their stiffness contributions are generally ignored in practice, such approach can lead to an unsafe design. This paper includes seismic analysis of multi-storey structure with and without infill wall by using response spectrum and time history analysis method. Both the structure analysed and compared in different terms such as base shear, maximum storey drift and multiplication factor of soft storey column using finite element method (FEM) based software SAP2000. The result shows that presence of infill wall increases the stiffness and strength of structure. IS code 1893(Part I):2002 provision does not satisfy the multiplication factor of soft storey column. Keywords: Bare frame, equivalent diagonal strut, infill wall, response spectrum, time history

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, a human aspiration is to create taller and taller structures. In a country like India, use of reinforced concrete framed structure in multi-storey building construction is very common. Development of metro cities in India is increasing resulting to demand of high-rise building. The reinforced cement concrete moment resisting frames infilled with unreinforced brick masonry walls are very common in India and also in other developing countries. Masonry is a commonly used construction material in the world that includes accessibility, functionality, and cost. The primary function of masonry is either to protect inside of the structure from the environment or to divide inside spaces. Normally it is considered as architectural elements. Engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s often neglect their presence. Because of complexity of the problem, their interaction with the bounding frame is often neglected in the analysis of building structures [1]. Nevertheless, the presence of masonry infill walls has a significant impact on the seismic response of a reinforced concrete frame building, increasing structural strength and stiffness (relative to a bare frame) has been reported [2]. Properly

designed infills can increase the overall strength, lateral resistance, and energy dissipation of the structure. An infill wall reduces the lateral deflections and bending moments in the frame, thereby decreasing the probability of collapse [3]. V.K.R. Kodur, M.A. Erki and J.H.P. Quenneville considered a three storey RC frame building models for the analysis [4]. These RC frames were analysed for three cases: 1. Bare frame 2. Infilled frame 3. Infilled frame with openings respectively. Based on the analysis results they found that base shear of infilled frame is more than infilled frame with openings and bare frame. Time period of infilled frame is less as compared to infilled frame with openings and bare frame. The natural frequency of infilled frame is more as compared to infilled frame with openings and bare frame.

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Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ISSN: 2393-8773(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Comparison of NVC to Different Mixed Design Method of Self-Compacting Concrete Prashant Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Y.K. Gupta, Anupam Rawat* Department of Civil Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract In comparison to normally solid vibrated (NVC), Self-compacting concrete (SCC) Elimination of extended properties and compaction due to improving productivity and working conditions. SCC usually NVC is more than powder material and thus to achieve an affordable and durable solid additions to change some of the cement by. As the flow of such recession-self acceptance of compressed concrete characteristics test results; J-ring, funnel and L box are presented. In addition, at the age of 7 and 28 days compressive strength was determined and the results are included here. Keywords: self-compacting concrete, NVC concrete, Okamura Method, CBI Method, UCL Method, Aggregate Packing Factor

INTRODUCTION Self-compacting concrete (SCC), requiring no alliance work at site or concrete plants, has been developed in Japan to recover the durability and uniformity of concrete in 1988 [1]. The mix composition is chosen to satisfy all performance standards for the concrete in both the fresh and hardened states. There is no standard technique for SCC mix design, and many academic institutions as well as admixture, ready-mixed, precast and contracting companies have advanced their own mix proportioning methods. As per EFNARC Guidelines for SCC mix design, one of the most important differences between SCC and normal concrete is the incorporation of a mineral admixture. Thus, many studies on the properties of mineral admixtures on the properties of SCC have been conducted. These studies show the benefit of mineral admixture usage in SCC, such as developed workability with reduced cement content [2]. The results show that the ability to consistently fill of SCC, fly ash concrete (SCC) cemented Compact with development actors in order to overcome the problems associated with inplace concrete for the construction industry to have a desirable achievement. Self-contained compressed solid its high fluidity and isolation for long range (Bartos, 2000) can be the cause

of resistance workers [3], pump size and arrangement of bars or the amount of a structure to consolidate is not affected by the skills of and. The concept of concrete selfcompact 1986 Professor Hajime Okamura (1997) was proposed, but in 1988 the first prototype was developed in Japan, Tokyo University Professor Ozawa [4]. Selfcontained compressed solid durability of concrete structures developed at that time was to improve. Since then, there have been various investigations and practical structures, primarily in the SCC Japan large construction has been used by companies. Combine a rational design method and check for the installation of compatibility test methods this is a standard concrete forming has been out of sight. Self-contained compressed solid cast so that no additional internal or external vibration compaction is necessary. It flows like "honey" and after a very smooth surface level. With regard to its composition, the cement, aggregates concrete self-compact, and water, chemical and mineral admixtures in different proportions with the addition of the same components as conventional concrete is vibrated [5]. Usually, the chemical admixtures used high range water reducers (Super plasticizers) and rheological properties of concrete viscosity modifying

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Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ISSN: 2393-8773(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Parametric Study of Tuned Liquid Damper on Multistorey Frame Unit Rekha B1,*, Ravishankar C2 1

School of Civil Engineering, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Department of Civil Engineering, Reva Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Abstract Swimming pools in a skyscraper are not only an entertainment facility but also a boon of a structural design engineer to curb the impact of lateral forces such as wind, earthquake, etc. The usage of swimming pools as liquid tuned damper is a cost effective alternative without having any additional component within the structure. Much of the research to damp the vibration of the structure like base isolation, bracing, in-fills and dampers is available the literature. In this experimental study, it is intended to perform a parameter study of tuned liquid damper by changing aspect ratio**, i.e., the depth of water to the length of the container and by changing the mass ratio, i.e., mass of the tuned liquid to the total mass of the frame unit. This study revealed the aspect ratio of 0.25 has better efficiency and the increase in mass ratio provides the improved efficiency and consistency. Keywords: Tuned liquid damper (TLD), sloshing, sinusoidal excitation, dampers

INTRODUCTION There are multiple papers available on the performance study of tuned liquid dampers in literature. Bhattacharjee et al. concluded that the maximum damping is achieved at the resonance period from the attachment of tuned liquid damper [1]. J.S. Love and M. J. Tait deployed nonlinear model and observed that the multiple tuned liquid damper is robust than single liquid damper [2]. Fujino et al. carried out a semi analytical studied of a two-dimensional liquid motion subjected to harmonic excitation on the basis of “shallow wave theory” [3]. Reed et al. found out that the tuned liquid damper efficiency increases as the amplitude increase [4]. M.J. Tait, N. Isyumov, A. A. Ei Damatty compared tuned and un-tuned liquid dampers and verified the performance on unidirectional and bidirectional [5]. Y. Fujino, and L. M. Sun compared the efficiency of multiple tuned liquid dampers to single tuned liquid damper and found that multiple tuned liquid being more efficient in small amplitude but comparable in large amplitudes [6]. M.J. Tait, N. Isyumov, A.A. Ei Damatty derived a model to design the tuned liquid damper [7]. E. Sonmez, S. Nagarajaiah, C. Sun, B. Basu conducted the

experiment on semi active tuned liquid damper and results in a more robust liquid damper than the conventional [8]. J.S. Love and M.J. Tait figured out a fluid model [9]. Thus, the literature survey indicates that plenty of study were happened in this field of tuned liquid dampers and tuned active liquid dampers. However, most of the experimental study was conducted on single storeyed units. In this study, we conducted the experimental study on multistoreyed frame units. PRESENT WORK This paper aims to investigate the performance of tuned liquid damper systems on multistoreyed frame unit. The experiment was conducted at two phases.

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Journal of Structural Engineering and Management ISSN: 2393-8773(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

An Experimental Study on Effect of Seawater on Strength of M30 Grade Concrete Akshat Dimri1,*, Sandeep Gupta2, V.K. Verma2 1

Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Department of Civil Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract The concrete structures constructed near the coastal areas may deteriorate due to the action of sea salts present in seawater on hardened concrete surface with passage of time. The strength decreases due to the formation of complex ions when chloride and sulphate ions, react with cement hydration products. In this study, experiments were carried out to get the effect of seawater on the strength of M30 grade concrete in laboratory to measure compressive, split tensile and flexural strength. 15 sets of cube of size 150×150×150 mm, 15 sets of cylinder of diameter 100 mm and height 200 mm and 15 sets of beam of size 100×100×500 mm were cast. Out of these 15 sets of each specimen, five sets were kept in plain water, five sets in artificial seawater of 1N concentration and five sets in artificial seawater of 8N concentration. 1N seawater means normal seawater made by mixing tap water with exact amount and proportion of principal salts found in natural seawater. Each specimen was tested after an interval of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 days. A comparison was made between the strength variation of concrete in 1N and 8N concentration of seawater and plain water. Keywords: Seawater, concrete, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength

INTRODUCTION Seawater is a complex solution of different salts containing suspended silt, dissolved gases and decaying organic matter. The average salt concentration of seawater is about 3.5% although it varies from sea to sea depending upon the geological location [1]. The seawater contains chlorides, sulphates, carbonates and bromides of sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium [2]. To relieve land from pressure of urban congestion and pollution, floating offshore platforms made of concrete are being considered for location of new airports, power plants, and waste disposal facilities. The use of concrete offshore drilling platforms and oil storage tanks is already increasing. Several studies were carried out on the strength properties of hardened concrete specimens cast or cured with natural as well as artificial seawater to see the effect of salts of seawater on concrete specimens and it was found that attack by sea salts on concrete is a very slow process [3, 4]. The most damaging effect of seawater on concrete structures arises

by the attack of chlorides on the steel reinforcement [5]. The increase in the risk of corrosion of steel limit the use of seawater in steel reinforced structures, if prior preventive measures are not taken. Preventive measures include the coating of reinforcement steel with cement slurry mixed with fresh water, decreasing the w/c ratio in concrete, using different additives to increase the strength of concrete [6]. The main objective of this research was to prepare the M30 grades concrete by using Glenium as a superplasticizer and to study the variation in compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of this grade of concrete when they are kept in plain water and artificial seawater of 1N concentration. 1N seawater means normal seawater made by mixing tap water with exact amount and proportion of principal salts found in natural seawater. The study was also carried out to check the variation in strength of concrete when concentration of salts in artificial seawater was increased by eight times of natural seawater.

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