OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal vol 6 issue 3 by STM Journals

ISSN 2231-0398 (Online) ISSN 2347-9949 (Print) ISO: 9001Certified

STM Journals Empowering knowledge

Free Online Registration

Energy /

Omniscience

/ Instrumentation

A Multi-disciplinary

/Science

Journal

GLOBAL READERSHIP STATISTICS

conducted

SJIF: 4.476 (OSMJ) Septemberâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;December 2016

Over 500 Indian and International Subscribers. 30,000 Top Researchers, Scientists, Authors and Editors All Over the World Associated. Editorial/ Reviewer Board Members : 1000+. 1,00,000+ Visitors to STM Website From 140+ Countries Quarterly. 10,000 + Downloads from STM Website.

STM Journals invites the papers from the National Conferences, International Conferences, Seminars conducted by Colleges, Universities, Research Organizations etc. for Conference Proceedings and Special Issue. xSpecial Issues come in Online and Print versions. xSTM Journals offers schemes to publish such issues on payment and gratis (online) basis as well.

To g e t m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n : stmconferences.com

STM JOURNALS Scientific

Technical

Medical

www.stmjournals.com

STM Journals STM Journals, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private Ltd. (established 2006), was launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory Board Members from renowned institutes. Objectives: 

Promotion of Scientific, Technical and Medical research.



Publication of Original Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through Peer Review process.



Publishing Special Issues on Conferences.



Preparing online platform for print journals.



Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical domains.



Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects in the category of Nanotechnology, Scientific and Technical Writing, and Environment, Health and Safety.

Salient Features: 

A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical and Medical domains.



Employs Open Journals System (OJS)—a journal management and publishing system.



The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality and coverage.



Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/finalization.



Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals.



Worldwide circulation and visibility.

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal ISSN: 2231-0398(online), ISSN: 2347-9949(print) Focus and Scope Covers  Language & Communication  Art, Music and Dance  Human beliefs and Spiritual values  Education  Philosophy  Metaphysics OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in this publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written permission of the publisher. To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal. Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM Journals unless so stated. Subscription Information and Order:  National Subscription: Print - Rs 3750/- per Journal ( includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase: Rs 1500. Online - Rs 3750/- per Journal inclusive Service Tax ( includes 3 online issues), Single Issue purchase: Rs 1500

inclusive Service Tax Print + Online - Rs 5000/- per Journal inclusive Service Tax ( includes 3 print & online issues).  International Subscription:  Online Only- $199, Print Only-$299 (includes 3 print issues)  Online + Print-$399 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside of India includes delivery. Prices subject to change without notice. Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi. Online Access Policy A). For Authors: In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at nominal cost as follows India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal. Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal. B). For Subscribers:  Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.  The access will be blocked:  If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking.  Due to technical issue.  Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are also very welcome. Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:  Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency.  Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.  Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.  Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id.  Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only. If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team: info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Director

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Managing Director CELNET, Delhi, India

Internal Members Gargi Asha Jha Manager (Publications)

Quaisher J Hossain Senior Editor Senior Associate Editors

Himani Pandey Isha Chandra

Meenakshi Tripathi Shivani Sharma

Associate Editors Shambhavi Mishra

Sugandha Mishra

External Members Bimlesh Lochab Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash Professor and Coordinator School of Materials Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi Uttar Pradesh, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy and Nanotechnology Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Khaiser Nikam Professor, Library and Information Science Department of Library and Information Science University of Mysore Mysore, India

Dr. Yog Raj Sood Dean (Planning and Development) Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, India

Prof. Chris Cannings Professor, School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield, Sheffield United Kingdom

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Applied Chemistry BIT Mesra, Patna, Bihar, India

Dr. Durgadas Naik Associate Professor (Microbiology) Management and Science University, University Drive, Seksyen13 Selangor, Malaysia

Prof. José María Luna Ariza Department of Computer Sciences and Numerical Analysis Campus of Rabanales University of Córdoba, Spain

Dr. D. K. Vijaykumar MS, MCh (Surgical Oncology), Professor and Head Department of Surgical Oncology Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, India

STM JOURNALS

ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Baldev Raj

Dr. Hardev Singh Virk

Director, National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science campus Bangalore Karnataka, India Former Director Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India

Visiting Professor, Department of Physics University of SGGS World University Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India Former Director Research DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology Jallandhar, India

Dr. Bankim Chandra Ray Professor and Ex-Head of the Department Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Odisha, India

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor and Head Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India

Dr. Pankaj Poddar

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh

Senior Scientist Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory Pune, Maharastra India

Additional Professor National Brain Research Centre Manesar, Gurgaon Haryana, India

Prof. Priyavrat Thareja

Dr. Ashish Runthala

Director Principal Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology Punjab, India

Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Rajasthan, India

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal

Senior Research Scientist, Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai, India Former Head (Research and Development) Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd., MIT Campus Beed Bypass Road, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India

Professor and Head Department of Applied Mechanics Government College of Engineering Vidyanagar, Karad Maharashtra, India

STM JOURNALS

ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy

Dr. Shankargouda Patil

Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology, Trichy Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Assistant Professor Department of Oral Pathology KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra

Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu

Professor Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Odisha, India

Professor Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, Tamil Nadu India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Applied Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India

Editorial Board Dr Rakesh Kumar

Mr. Tabir Mishra

Assistant Professor Department of Applied Chemistry BIT Mesra, Patna Campus, Patna, India.

Head, Training & Placement IIMT Group of colleges, Greater Noida., India.

Dr. Aditya Saxena Depatment of Physics, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi India.

Prof. Shakuntala Punjani Department of Sanskrit, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Dr. Ajai Kumar Pandey Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India

Ms. Bindu Das Depatment of Philosophy Indraprastha College for Women, Delhi, India.

Hari Mohan Sharma

Dr. Priyavart Thareja

Dept. of Hindi, University of Delhi, South Campus, Delhi, India.

Professor Rayat & Bahra Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chandigarh, India.

Prof. H.S. Virk

Dr. Neetu Chawla

Visiting Professor Department of Physics University of SGGS World University, Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab), India.

Reader as well as HOD (Education), R.C.C.V. Girls Degree College, Ghaziabad (U.P) India.

Dr. Radha Dua

Dr. Shekhar Chandra Joshi

Associate Professor, Faculty of Education & Allied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly (UP) India

Professor, Dean Faculty of Visual Arts Kumaun University, Soban Singh Jina Campus, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

Dr. Ajai Kumar Pandey

Dr. Pratima Sarangi

Assistant Professor Department of Kayachikitsa (Internal Medicine), Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, UP India

Assistant Professor, Faculty Management Studies & Coordinator, Sri Sri University, Cuttack India.

Editorial Board Dr. Namita Saxena

Dr. Neetu Shishodia

Lecturer, Ram Chameli Chadha Vishvas Girls (P.G.) College, Ghaziabad, (India)

Lecturer, Modern College of Professional Studies Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad (U.P) India.

Ms. Neelam Srivastava Department of English, University of Delhi (India).

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 6 Issue 3] in OmniScience: A Multidisciplinary Journal (OSMJ), 2016. The intension of OSMJ is to create an atmosphere that stimulates vision, research and growth in the area of Omniscience. Timely publication, honest communication, comprehensive editing and trust with authors and readers have been the hallmark of our journals. STM Journals provide a platform for scholarly research articles to be published in journals of international standards. STM journals strive to publish quality paper in record time, making it a leader in service and business offerings. The aim and scope of STM Journals is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in all the Science, Technology and Medical domains. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to our Editorial/ Reviewer board, Authors and publication team for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-ups/reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Managing Director STM Journals

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal

Contents

1. Up Against Odds: The Story of an Indian Researcher Hardev Singh Virk

2. A Study to Find the Factors Affecting the Reduced Intensity of Po:rag Festival Celebration among the Mishing Tribes of Assam, India Mintu Hazarika, Iswar Hazarika, Anju Das

3. A Study of Vocational Aspiration of Adolescents in Relation to their Socio-economic Status among Adolescents Jipsy Chopra

4. A Comparative Analysis on Issues Concerning Euthanasia: Legal, Religious and International Position Hina Kausar, Aakriti Porwal

5. People Perspective about Evolving, Brains of Givers or Takers! Priyavrat Thareja

6. Assessment of Collection Development Practices in Afe Babalola University Library, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria Williamsâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Ilemobola Olajumoke, Oriogu, Chuks Daniel

7. Historical Perspective on Social Justice Joseph Nkang Ogar, Bassey Samuel Akpan

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal ISSN: 2231-0398(online), ISSN: 2347-9949(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Up Against Odds: The Story of an Indian Researcher Hardev Singh Virk* Visiting Professor, SGGS World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India Abstract

The story of an Indian researcher is the scientific journey of a rural youth who tops in high school and is motivated by his teachers to study science. It depicts his fight against all odds to carry out his research activity in India after his training abroad. It is written to inspire other young Indian scientists who face the dilemma of working in India after their training in world class universities in Europe or America. It is a personal appraisal of author's own research. Keywords: Marie Curie University, particle physics, L-meson, geochronology, ICTP, radiation damage annealing, earthquake prediction, radon, nanotechnology

INTRODUCTION

I was born in a small village Majhiwala Bhuler, in Faisalabad (then Layalpur) district of Punjab (United India) in August 1941, but my school teacher recorded it as 23 February 1942, as in our rural areas, no birth registers were maintained. I was admitted to Primary School of Kamo Ke Mandi, district Gujranwala, in March 1947, the year India was partitioned into 2 countries, India and Pakistan. I have vivid memories of days of Partition, our migration to Indian Punjab and settling down in a village, Chhokran, near Malerkotla. My schooling started in a one teacher Primary School at village Lassoi in 1948, with hardly any infrastructure for teaching and learning. Learning was by rote and I mastered all the texts. I topped in Government High School Malerkotla (1957) and opted to study science (non-medical group) on the advice of my Headmaster. My interest and faith in science grew after reading a popular science book “The Universe and Dr. Einstein” by Lincoln Barnett, awarded to me for scoring second position in First Year of College Physics. I was so fascinated by the Theory of Relativity and Cosmology that Einstein became my role model in life. During M.Sc. at Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) (1961–63), I became interested in Metaphysics as well as history and philosophy of science. After my master degree (M.Sc.) in physics, my interest shifted to the study of elementary particles due to

motivation of Prof. P.S. Gill, an authority in cosmic ray studies at AMU Aligarh. When I started teaching in Punjabi University, Patiala in 1965, my favourite subjects were theory of relativity and particle physics including cosmic rays.

RESEARCH TRAINING AND RETURN TO INDIA

My research career started in 1970 when I was selected as a ‘Boursier’ (Scholar) of the French Government to pursue my doctoral research in Marie Curie University of Paris under Professor Max Morand in Particle Physics. Our group was working on nuclear emulsions exposed to proton beams at CERN (Geneva) and Fermi lab at Batavia. My passion to find a new particle or a resonance in high-energy nuclear interactions was so great that I started working round the clock in my laboratory. For two years, I worked in perfect isolation and got frustrated in my research pursuits. A visit to Rutherford Laboratory in Cambridge in April 1972 brought me on the right track and I submitted my doctoral thesis rejecting the hypothesis of L-meson put forward by my own research supervisor, Tsai Chu. My research career has been quite eventful but I bade good-bye to Particle Physics after failing to discover a new particle proposed by Tsai Chu. I returned to India in 1972 to teach in Physics Department of Punjabi University, Patiala. During the seventies, India had no high-energy

Page 1

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal ISSN: 2231-0398(online), ISSN: 2347-9949(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

A Study to Find the Factors Affecting the Reduced Intensity of Po:rag Festival Celebration among the Mishing Tribes of Assam, India 1

Mintu Hazarika1, Iswar Hazarika2,*, Anju Das3

Department of Assamese, OPJS University, Rajgarh, Churu, Rajasthan, India Department of Pharmacology T John College of Pharmacy, Gottigere, Bangalore, India 3 Department of Pharmacology, The Oxford College of Pharmacy, Hongasandra, Bangalore, India 2

Abstract

Po:rag is a post-harvest festival observed by missing tribe of Assam. Drummers and dancers from nearby villages are invited to perform with their full potential providing wholesome entertainment to the venue. Po:rag was celebrated with full pomp and show. However, it has been seen that the intensity of celebration of Po:rag in the present days is decreasing as compared to the ancient times. So, our study was designed to study the factors that have influenced the intensity. Hence, a survey was conducted among the missing community with some questionnaires prepared with scientific viewpoints to analyze the factors that can influence the intensity of Po:rag celebration. About 87.66% of the total population believe in the fact of diminishing intensity of Po:rag celebration. The study also suggested that the major factor responsible for its diminishing intensity is urbanization, reduced responsibility of youngsters in social activities, less earnings of the entire community and either scarcity or expensiveness raw materials used in Po:rag celebrations. Keywords: Po:rag, Missing, Apong, Assam, survey

INTRODUCTION

Mishing is a tribal community of Assam belonging to the Mongoloid group—a multitude of people that followed AustroAsiatic races in India [1]. They are one of the major communities of Assam distributed among the 9 districts on the bank of Brahmaputra and her tributaries. Among the 10 districts Dhemaji, Lakhimpur, Biswanath Chariali and Sonitpur lies on the Northern Bank, Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Sivsagar, Jorhat and Golaghat from the southern bank, whereas Majuli (largest river island in the world) lies in the middle of Brahmaputra bank. Mishing have distinct entities with their special culture and traditions in Assam [2]. Mishing festivals play a prime role in the cultural heritage. Among all festivals, the chief are Ali-ai-ligang and Po:rag. Both the festivals are celebrated with pomp and grandeur. As per the Mishing almanac Ali-ailigang is celebrated on the first Wednesday of the month “Ginmur” or first Wednesday of

Falgun as per Assamese calendar. Literally, Ali-ai-ligang means first sowing or planting of roots or seeds where, ‘Ali’ means root, ‘ai’ means seed or fruit and ‘ligang’ means first sowing or planting. On the other hand “Po:rag” is a post harvesting festival of Mishing, which is the festival of prayers and feast executed with elaborate program starting on Wednesday lasting for 5 days. This festival is celebration is beard by the young adults organizations called “mimbir ya:me” to appease and get blessings from the creator, the mother earth and their fore fathers. It is also called as the “Nara Singa Bihu”. It is a festival of song and dances where, both the young boys and girls put on their traditional dresses and take part in singing and dancing with the rhythmic beating of drums. The youth organization makes the necessary arrangements for the festival, which a do it in a format called “Daghik”. A grand feast is organized with large quantities of food stuffs and drinks (apong) are arranged in

Page 5

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal ISSN: 2231-0398(online), ISSN: 2347-9949(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

A Study of Vocational Aspiration of Adolescents in Relation to their Socio-economic Status among Adolescents Jipsy Chopra* Department of Education, Amity Institute of Education, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract

The study investigates vocational aspiration of adolescents in relation to their socio-economic status among adolescents in Ferozepur, Punjab area. The study used descriptive survey design targeting three schools, from which 200 students were selected from each schools using simple random sampling. Data was used using questionnaire. Simple percentage and frequency count were used to analyze data obtained. From the study, it was clear that the environment and in relation to that, socio economic status has direct impact on vocational aspiration of students. Keywords: Vocational, aspiration, socio economic status

INTRODUCTION

Education is considered to be an instrument for development of human resources. According to Kothari Commission (1964–66), ‘In the kind of society in which we will be living increasingly in the coming years, a complete separation between educational and vocational education will not only be undesirable but also impossible’. Dissatisfaction with existing system of education is almost universal. We will have to develop the kind of human being who will be equipped to maintain and improve free society. Which stream is to be chosen is very important at senior secondary stage. The decision that they take plays significant role in shaping the future of the student. No two individuals are alike. They may have similarities on one or other points. Yet they are to differ from one another. Court (1925) emphasized that occupation is very much related to social factors. So, vocational aspiration and socioeconomic status may be going to play an important role in joining a particular stream. SAMPLE OF STUDY The sample consisted of two hundred adolescents in secondary schools of Ferozepur. For this study, two hundred students are classified into two categories science and arts stream.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study of vocational aspiration of adolescents in relation to their socio-economic status among adolescents. OBJECTIVES 1. To study the vocational aspiration of adolescents of science and arts stream. 2. To study the socio-economic status of adolescents of science and arts stream. 3. To find out the difference in the vocational aspiration of adolescents of science and arts stream. 4. To find out the difference in socioeconomic status of adolescents of science and arts stream. 5. To study the relation of socio-economic status and vocational aspiration of adolescents. 6. To find out the difference in socioeconomic status and vocational aspiration of adolescents of +2 class. HYPOTHESIS Directed towards the objectives of the study, the following hypotheses have been formulated for verification:

Page 11

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal ISSN: 2231-0398(online), ISSN: 2347-9949(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

A Comparative Analysis on Issues Concerning Euthanasia: Legal, Religious and International Position Hina Kausar1, Aakriti Porwal2,*

Department of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The concept of Euthanasia dates back to the ancient civilization. It basically connotes the practice of deliberately bringing a person’s life to an end so as to relieve him from unbearable and never ending pain and suffering. The concept of Euthanasia is highly debatable. The controversy lies in the question that whether people should be provided aid in bringing an end to their life, or should they be left alone to bear unbearable pain from an incurable disease. There have been diverse opinions on the issue of Euthanasia. The controversy has gained momentum because of the rapid developments in countries like Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Oregon of USA which have legalized Euthanasia. The concept of Euthanasia gained heights in India, when the Supreme Court legalized passive euthanasia in the famous case of Aruna Shanbaug. However, the Apex Court clarified that active Euthanasia is still ‘illegal’ in India, in the absence of any law to the contrary. There are both have and have-nots; and whether a person should be anti or pro Euthanasia depends on the ideology of each individual. The legalization of Euthanasia can lead to more open scrutiny, without any scope of undue harassment of the patient. Until active euthanasia becomes legal, it will be carried on clandestinely and there will be scope of misuse. Legalizing active euthanasia and practicing it within the confines of law would work as a magic potion and make death a blessing, not a tragedy. This paper highlights the concept of euthanasia in different religious perspectives, its position in various countries, the debate on legalizing it and present legal position. Keywords: Suffering, termination, responsibility, right to life, unbearable, freedom

INTRODUCTION

“It is my belief that death is a friend to whom we should be grateful, for it frees us from the manifold ills which are our lot.” (Mahatma Gandhi). Life is a gift even a painful one is a life at least. The general presumption is that every human being is desirous to live and enjoy the fruits of his life till he lives. However, this presumption is not beyond debate. There are certain circumstances where human beings wish to end their lives by unnatural means. This happens mostly in the cases where one is suffering from painful, chronic and incurable disease. The intentional termination of patient’s life in such a situation by an act or omission of medical care is called euthanasia or mercy killing [1].

EUTHANASIA: DEFINITIONS

The word euthanasia is derived from Greek: eu meaning ‘well’, ‘good’ + thanatos meaning ‘death’. The oxford dictionary defines euthanasia as the practice of killing without pain a person who is suffering from a disease that cannot be cured. The Stedman’s Medical Dictionary gives a more comprehensive definition and defines it as the act or practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinary medical treatment.

UNDERSTANDING EUTHANASIA

In general it is an act or practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or in an incurable condition by injection or by suspending extra ordinary medical treatment in order to free him of intolerable

Page 15

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal

ISSN: 2231-0398(online), ISSN: 2347-9949(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

People Perspective about Evolving, Brains of Givers or Takers! Priyavrat Thareja* Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, GNA University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Abstract

The psychobiologist’s classification of left brained and right brained people advices how the stimulus may be designed for ensuring the growth of each type, or, as to how each may be taught or what vocation be prescribed for them. Viz. the right brained people were seen to venture more into artistic pursuits and being less analytical might face learning problems. On the other hand the left or digital brained people are more inside out–growing out, setting up things as they perceive or in short–demanding (takers) and so on. This paper makes an account of the three ways of classification of people, and their integration, if any, to allow them to progress towards excellence. If excellence is the objective, the various inputs should be well aligned to process them to consummation. The attributes must be put to right uses which are possibly functions of the people types to derive the best performance out of people system. Keywords: AUM model for evolution, Deming, Juran, Customer, fitness of quality

SETTING UP A STAGE FOR PEOPLE CLASSIFICATION

We classify the people from several directions viz. from their nature of sponsorship in the society – some are givers and other takers (suckers). From the way they conduct their life cycle process - the ones who only grow, and others who evolve; and biologically, where some are left brained and others may be right brained. These classification may not be made with any preference or bias. But an understanding of the same is likely to facilitate as to how the people of various types be

handled by say a teacher in class or in HRM (human resource management). The three types of people (with two splits in each of these) are likely to show many permutations. The possible set of traits, from the three classified types as discussed above, are distributed as schematically shown in Figure 1. To read their permutations one could progress as the hand of a clock, moving out from the centre, and thus the various sets of competencies may be read.

Page 24

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal ISSN: 2231-0398(online), ISSN: 2347-9949(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Assessment of Collection Development Practices in Afe Babalola University Library, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria Williams–Ilemobola Olajumoke*, Oriogu, Chuks Daniel College of Law Library, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria Abstract

Collection development is a vital aspect of the library function, which greatly contributes to the availability and adequacy of resources. The study investigates the assessment of collection development practices in Afe Babalola University Library. The study adopted a survey research design. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study, and descriptive statistical method was used in analyzing the data collected. The finding shows that purchase and donation are the major source of acquisition of materials. It was discovered that the University Librarian and the Founder mostly acquire the materials in the library. The finding also revealed that there is no laid down policy for acquisition of materials. The selection method mostly used are vendor’s list and librarian’s link. Finally, the study revealed that fund is the major impediment for the acquisition of resources. The study, therefore, recommend that university management should allocate more fund to the library in order to improve and even distribute its collection. Keywords: Acquisition, collection development practice, Afe Babalola University Library

INTRODUCTION

Collection development in any academic library is a vital process that will enable librarians to have a clear understanding of the nature and progress of information resources available in the library. Therein, to have a good and functional library, there is a need for academic institutions to build a balanced collection of different areas of subjects relevant to the parent institution. Collection development is tantamount to the institution's growth. Therefore, collection development is the process of building the information materials in the library to meet the needs of its potential users. In academic libraries, collection development has been a fundamental process of planning and acquiring a balanced collection of library materials in various formats, including books, digital resources, periodicals, electronic resources, etc. Succinctly, most academic libraries in Nigeria are confronted with the problem of inadequate budget, and this, therefore, makes it very impossible for them to acquire new materials in the library. As a result, this fact, libraries are therefore left with

irrelevant and outdated materials, which come to the library through unsolicited gifts and donations. It is very disheartening to note that such materials, which ought to have been weeded, are still lying comfortably on the library shelves. Therein, this study investigates the assessment of collection development practices in Afe Babalola University Library.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Afe Babalola University is a privately owned university established in 2009 in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The university operates general and college-based libraries with functional and standard electronic library. The libraries have a mandate to acquire print and non-print resources to meet the objective of its parent institution. Also, there is an effective wireless internet connection available everywhere on campus that makes it easier to access the electronic library through the user’s password without being physically present in the library. The collections house in the

Page 33

OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal ISSN: 2231-0398(online), ISSN: 2347-9949(print) Volume 6, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Historical Perspective on Social Justice Joseph Nkang Ogar, Bassey Samuel Akpan* Department of Philosophy, University of Calabar, Cross River, Nigeria Abstract

From antiquity to date, communal clashes, inter tribal even to global crisis of war is antecedent by penetration of ill-will, unfair sharing formula of human and natural resources by a privileged few. This has resulted in high social, economic and political acrimony, hence the growing calls to reframe the politics of poverty reduction and social protection in particular, in terms of extending the ‘social contract’ to the poorest groups as people are getting increasingly aware of injustice. This premise is on the widening gap between the rich and poor on daily bases. With the increase in awareness, knowledge, technology and the advent of post-modernist era, the quest for social justice has heightened. All through the era of Philosophy, Philosophers differ on the definition, and what constitute social justice. Until now, there is no unifying explanation on what social justice is and consists of. This paper tends to look into the history of social Justice and different philosophers from different epochs. It also tried to expose the problems inherent in the definition and what constitute social justice, and cautioned that complimentary imperative should be employ to curtail human egoistic tendency that aids social injustice. Keywords: Social justice, social contract, equality, complimentary reflection.

INTRODUCTION

The idea that 'social contracts' is vital for the improvement of peoples living condition should be applauded as an exercise from rational and moral dispositions. The rise of social contract talk appears from an attempt in regularizing and achieving better results in governmental issues and wealth redistributions globally. The social contractarians are of the opinion that in the ‘state of nature’ human beings came together in agreement to surrender some of their basic rights to a sovereignty who will in turn protect them from oppression or any form of injustice. This is probably the main reason that births the formation of civil society. Despite government formation, it seems as if there is still no lasting solution to the problem of injustice in our societies. Down the ages of political thought, various philosophers have differed on the concept of social justice. This paper tends to expose views and expose the problems inherent in social justice in general. SOCIAL CONTRACTARIAN The issue of freedom is the inspiring power behind the social contract theorist. Numerous social contract philosophers concurred that in

the state of nature individuals have physical flexibility, implying that their activities were not limited, this made them a minimal more than animals and where slaves to their instincts and impulses [1]. Humans as of that time had no legislature and no law to regulate them. There were hardship, exploitation, war and injustice in the society [2]. At the height of it, humans decided to come together to surrender some of their entitlement and rights to a sovereign—a sovereign is the voice of the law and the outright power inside a given state. The duty of a sovereign is to checkmate the limitations of individuals in the state and aid social justice. The first insight into social contract theory arose in European political thought in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth century. Social contract philosophers for example, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau – pointed out slightly different views of social contract theory to distinguish the legitimating grounds of political power, whereby the commitments of rulers and subjects are based on an introduced contract or contracts identifying with these matters [3]. Social contract thinking likewise ran past worries with setting up the true legitimate reason for

Page 1

ISSN 2231-0398 (Online) ISSN 2347-9949 (Print) ISO: 9001Certified

STM Journals Empowering knowledge

Free Online Registration

Energy /

Omniscience

/ Instrumentation

A Multi-disciplinary

/Science

Journal

GLOBAL READERSHIP STATISTICS

conducted

SJIF: 4.476 (OSMJ) Septemberâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;December 2016

To g e t m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n : stmconferences.com

STM JOURNALS Scientific

Technical

Medical