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Research &Reviews : Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy ISSN: 2394-1960(online)

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It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 3 Issue 3] of our Research and Reviews: A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy, 2016. The intension of RRJoUSH is to create an atmosphere that stimulates vision, research and growth in the area of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. Timely publication, honest communication, comprehensive editing and trust with authors and readers have been the hallmark of our journals. STM Journals provide a platform for scholarly research articles to be published in journals of international standards. STM journals strive to publish quality paper in record time, making it a leader in service and business offerings. The aim and scope of STM Journals is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in all the Science, Technology and Medical domains. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to our Editorial/ Reviewer board, Authors and publication team for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

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Research &Reviews : Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy

Contents

1. Review of Qillat-e-Huwain-e-Manvia (Oligozoospermia) and its Management in Unani Medicine Mohd. Abid, Farah Naaz, Noman Khan

2. Concept of Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines for Promoting and Preserving Health: Unani Perspective Atiya Khan, Malik Itrat

3. Nilavembu Kudineer Churanam in the Market: Understand the True and Hyperbole Science G.V. Amruthavalli, Gayathri Rajagopal

4. Basoor Labniya (Acne Vulgaris) in Unani Medicine: A Review for its Better Management Strategy Muzafar D.A. Bhat, Mohd Irfan, Rabia Malik

5. Kesh Raksha Oil: The Cradle of Science and Tradition G.V. Amruthavalli, Gayathri Rajagopal

6. Significance of Preventive and Curative Aspect of Unani Medicine in Free Radicals Induced Lifestyle Disorders M.S.M. Shiffa, N. Fahamiya, MUZN Farzana, Fasihuzzaman

Research and Reviews: Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy ISSN: 2394-1960(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Review of Qillat-e-Huwain-e-Manvia (Oligozoospermia) and its Management in Unani Medicine Mohd. Abid, Farah Naaz*, Noman Khan Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India Abstract Infertility is one of the most catastrophic of all marital problems. It represents an increasing medical condition affecting 15% of couples, and its treatment is stressful, invasive, and costly. The male factor accounts for almost 50% of infertility cases. One of the factors of male infertility is idiopathic oligospermia in which the causative factor is not known. The current scenario of infertility and vitality is more concerned with semen deformity and oligozoospermia. According to WHO, 60–80 millions infertile couples are found worldwide. In India, 10–15% of couples in the productive age group are estimated to be infertile. In those, 25% cases are of male infertility. Despite recent advances in the treatment of male infertility, the problem has not been satisfactorily tackled. Considering the impact of this problem on reproductive health of the nation, there is an urgent need to understand the disease and explore successful treatment of infertility from alternative and complimentary stream of medicine. Unani system of medicine is such an ancient science of health and healing. The modern equivalent term for oligozoospermia in Unani medicine Qillat-eHuwain-e-Manvia. Eminent Unani physicians have been treating the problem since the time immemorial, not only for improving the numbers of spermatozoa but also the other defects of spermatozoa. In almost every Unani text, the discussion about Qillat-e-Huwain-e-Manvia can be found in detail including the causes, pathology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, line of treatment with a vast range of treatment modalities. This paper aims at unfolding the basics of oligozoospermia in Unani system of medicine and reviewing its available management. Keywords: Qillat-e-Huwain-e-Manvia, oligospermia, infertility, spermatozoa, Unani

INTRODUCTION Diminished quantity of Huwain-e-Manvia (spermatozoa) in mani (seminal fluid) is called Qillat-e-Huwain-e-Manvia (oligozoospermia). Male sterility due to oligospermia can be defined as a failure to conceive following one year of marital life with uninterrupted coitus due to low sperm count and motility. Approximately 95% of normal couples conceive within 13 months. Data accumulated over the past four decades reveals that in approximately 33% of all couples are evaluated for infertility; significant pathology is found only in male partners. In another 20%, both male and female partners are found to be abnormal. Thus in approximately 50% of infertile couples, male factor is at least partly responsible for the

failure to conceive [1]. The important causes of oligozoospermia include varicocoele, cryptorchidism, Klinefelter syndrome, damaged testes due to trauma or infections (tuberculosis, syphilis, mumps), neoplasm of testes, kidney and liver diseases, smoking, alcoholism, wearing tight underwear, working at high temperature places like welding, dyeing, blast furnace, cement and steel factories, etc. [2]. The diagnosis of oligozoospermia is based on low count in a semen analysis performed on two occasions. For many decades, sperm concentrations of less than 20 million sperm/ml were considered low or oligospermic, recently, however, the WHO reassessed sperm criteria and established a lower reference point, less than 15 million sperm/ml, consistent with the 5th percentile

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Research and Reviews: Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy ISSN: 2394-1960(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Concept of Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines for Promoting and Preserving Health: Unani Perspective Atiya Khan, Malik Itrat* Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Abstract Nutrition is a basic human need and a prerequisite to a healthy life. A proper diet is essential from the very early stages of life for proper growth, development and to remain active. The economic transition has changed the way people live. The shift from traditional to modern foods, changing cooking practices, increased intake of processed and ready-to-eat foods and intensive marketing of junk foods have affected people's perception of foods as well as their dietary behaviour. Irrational preference for energy-dense foods and those with high sugar and salt content pose a serious health risk to the people. The increasing number of overweight and obese people in the community and the resulting burden of chronic non-communicable diseases necessitate systematic nutrition educational interventions on a massive scale. Comprehensive instructions by Unani scholars are given on specific food or dietary schedules for different seasons, according to one’s age and to suit one’s individual temperament or Mizāj. It is therefore essential to consider dietary issues and formulate guidelines, which will help in promotion of health and prevention of diseases. Keywords: Diet, Health promotion, Unani medicine

INTRODUCTION Unani system of medicine addresses the preventive as well as the curative aspects of medicine. Unani scholars have given elaborate guidelines for achieving perfect health and remaining healthy through moderation in Asbāb sittā zarūriyā (six essential factors). Those factors, which are affecting all human beings perpetually, are called essential factors (Asbāb sittā zarūriyā) [1]. These essential factors are six in number and are remarkable in providing such six categories that include a very large number of factors, which may outwardly be quite distant to each other. Departing from principles of these factors results into diseases and following them restores health. These six essential factors of life are: 1. Hawā’ Muḥῑt (Ambient air) 2. Ma’kūl-o-Mashrūb (Foods and drinks) 3. Harakat-o-Sukūn Badanῑ (Bodily movement and repose) 4. Harakat-o-Sukūn Nafsānῑ (Psychic movement and repose)

5. Nawm-o-Yaqẓa (Sleep and wakefulness); and 6. Istifrāgh wa Iḥtibās (Evacuation and retention). It is interesting to note that, today, renowned cardiologists, neurologists and psychiatrists from the developed countries are advocating the same principles for modifying dietary habits so as to prevent and manage dreaded diseases such as heart attacks, stroke, cancers, diseases of ageing, etc. as supplements to medications and surgery that are routinely being practiced in the modern era. A brief overview of the concept of diet in the Unani system of medicine becomes indispensable in order to understand the emphasis laid by Unani scholars on dietary guidelines. Unani Concept of Nutrition Diet is an important component of six essential factors. It not only nourishes and strengthens the body, but it can also prevent diseases and

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Research and Reviews: Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy ISSN: 2394-1960(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Nilavembu Kudineer Churanam in the Market: Understand the True and Hyperbole Science G.V. Amruthavalli*, Gayathri Rajagopal Dr. JRK’s Siddha Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Perumal Koil Street, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract To understand the uniformity and homogeneity of five marketed samples of Nilavembu Kudineer, powder characteristics are examined. Due to variation in the distribution of herbal components in the Nilavembu Kudineer, there may be variation in the therapeutic benefits received. In the present study, powder characteristics, density and the ratio of sieve-able and unsieve-able portion in the five marketed samples are Due to variation in the distribution of herbal components in the Nilavembu Kudineer, there may be variation in the therapeutic benefits received. studied. Findings are discussed in the article. Keywords: Nilavembu Kudineer, Churanam, science, powder characteristics

INTRODUCTION Nilavembu Kudineer is a wonder drug and pride of the siddha system of medicine. Nilavembu Kudineer was formulated by the famous siddha saint Therayar. This wonder drug is formulated with nine herbs viz., Andrographis paniculata, Vetiveria zizanioides, Plectranthus vettiveroides, Santalum album, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Cyperus rotundus, Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum and Mollugo cerviana [1, 2]. According to the ancient siddha system of medicine, Nilavembu Kudineer is prescribed for the treatment of pithaswaram, kaphaswaram, etc. The subsequent clinical studies and limited laboratory experiments have further shown that Nilavembu Kudineer is quite effective for various diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and other allied viral and bacterial fevers [1, 3–5]. Considering the usefulness of Nilavembu Kudineer for providing paramedical and preventive benefits, the government of Tamil Nadu has launched state-wide free distribution of Nilavembu Kudineer to everyone in Tamil Nadu from bus depot to bazaar, from home to hospitals, cart puller to aeroplane pilot etc. The Nilavembu Kudineer was prepared in large tea kettle and was distributed to everyone in the nooks and corner of Chennai by the government of Tamil Nadu [6, 7]. Due to the sudden popularity of

Nilavembu Kudineer and its paramedical and preventive value in treating dengue and chikungunya, many manufacturing and marketing companies of ISM products in Tamil Nadu have started to market Nilavembu Kudineer prepared in coarse form and packed in PET/HDPE containers. Promoting Nilavembu Kudineer and benefiting the common man through such promotion along with achieving some commercial advantage cannot be treated negatively. But the scientific aspects on the efficacy of Nilavembu Kudineer Churanam based on the herbal characteristics of different herbs in Nilavembu Kudineer Churanam and their relative density are extremely important. The present study highlights the above lacuna in Nilavembu Kudineer Churanam that are sold in the market vis-a-vis how the ready to drink Nilavembu Kudineer Churanam of Dr. JRK’s Siddha Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., prepared through advanced science by preserving the complete essence of ancient siddha system has been addressed. Findings are presented in the paper.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Observation on the Powder Characteristics of Nilavembu Kudineer Churanam Hundred-gram pack of Nilavembu Kudineer Churanam of five different companies were

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Research and Reviews: Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy ISSN: 2394-1960(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Basoor Labniya (Acne Vulgaris) in Unani Medicine: A Review for its Better Management Strategy Muzafar D.A. Bhat1,*, Mohd Irfan1, Rabia Malik2 1

Department of Moalejat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Department of Ilmul Qabalatwa Amraze Niswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Abstract Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological conditions and appears to have a considerable impact on quality of life, affecting nearly all adolescents and young adults to some degree. Acne affects approximately 650 million people worldwide, almost 1 in 10, often perceived as a self-limited disease of adolescents. Acne is a chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous glands, manifesting as inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions and has clear detrimental psychological effects and may lead to permanent scarring. Acne pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, with Propionibacterium acnes playing an important role. In unani system of medicine, acne vulgaris is termed as basoor labniya, muhase or kil. The paper will try to attempt to review the concept and details the possible treatment strategies for acne vulgaris. It will also detail about choosing the best among the available treatments with justification from unani as well as present perspective. Keywords: Acne vulgaris, basoor labniya, unani

INTRODUCTION Acne vulgaris is a disorder of pilosebaceous complex which predominantly affects the peripubertal population and clinically characterized by formation of open and closed comedones, papules, nodules, pustules and cysts and heals with scars [1, 2]. Acne has clear detrimental psychosocial effects and may lead to permanent scarring [3]. Peak severity of acne is in the late teenage years but it may persist into the third decade and beyond, particularly in females [4]. Age of onset of acne is 12â&#x20AC;&#x201C;14 years, being earlier in females and in about 70% of subjects, the lesions subside in the third decade. Persistence of lesion into middle age is more common in females. Acne affects both sexes equally, but nodulocystic acne is almost 10 times more frequent in males [2]. Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological disorders which affects an estimated 85% of teenagers and often continues into adulthood and 10% of cases reportedly occurring between the ages of 35 and 44. Acne affects approximately 650 million people worldwide, almost 1 in 10. By

2016, the global acne market is estimated to reach revenues of US$3 billion [5]. Acne vulgaris occurs usually on the face and to a lesser extent on the back, chest and shoulders [1, 4, 6]. Occasionally, it is seen on thighs and buttocks [4, 6] and the distribution is usually bilaterally symmetrical [6]. A number of descriptive terms are applied to clinical variants of acne like conglobata acne (severe form of acne) [1, 2, 4, 6], acne fulminans [1, 2, 4], acne excoriee [2, 4], occupational acne (chloracne) [1, 2, 6], acneiform drug eruptions [2, 6], tropical acne [6], neonatal acne [1, 2, 6], cosmetic acne, late onset acne, acne after facial [2]. In unani system of medicine, acne vulgaris is termed as basoor labniya/muhase. The term basoor is pleural of basra which means very small boil defined as eruptions on nose and forehead, which resemble a milk drop and when press, which releases matter as a condensed roghan [7]. According to Arzani, muhase are white eruptions on nose and

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Research and Reviews: Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy ISSN: 2394-1960(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Kesh Raksha Oil: The Cradle of Science and Tradition G.V. Amruthavalli*, Gayathri Rajagopal Dr. JRK’s Siddha Research and Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Perumal Koil Street, Kundrathur, Chennai, India Abstract Protection of hair is very important to prevent the hair fall. Hair fall due to hair damage or breakage is more common than the alopecia. Hair strength plays a major role in prevention of hair fall. Hair strength will be evaluated by tensile strength and elasticity of hair. In the current study, kesh raksha oil, a polyherbal formulation has been evaluated for its tensile strength. Tensile strength was measured by the in-house made dia-stron like instrument. This study gave an insight on the efficacy of kesh raksha oil in improving the tensile strength of hair when compared with control, coconut oil and water treatment. Keywords: Kesh raksha, hair, oil

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Long, dark hair is considered as sign of health and beauty; therefore strong hair is always desired by all. Long hair certainly has its limitations with reference to its physical strength while combing, washing, drying etc. Hair at the proximal end is always stronger than the hair at distal end. Moisture loss, cuticle damage due to combing, frequent shampooing, styling etc., are some of the most common factors known to weaken the hair. Further, significant numbers of those who complain of hair loss are more due to hair breakage than due to hair miniaturization or hair root disorder [1]. Therefore improving the hair strength and enhancing its elasticity are important to minimize the hair breakage [2]. Strength of the hair is otherwise called tensile strength [3]. The present study reports the effect of kesh raksha oil, a polyherbal siddha proprietary formulation in improving the tensile strength of hair. Our earlier research studies have shown that kesh raksha oil significantly increases the anagen phase of the hair as established by mRNA expression and through animal experiment [4–6]. The effect of kesh raksha oil in improving the physical strength and stretchability of hair were measured by using an in-house made Dia-stron like instrument. The extent of stretch (elongation) and the force required to break the hair (newton) were also measured [7]. Findings are presented in the paper.

Details of the Formulation Kesh raksha oil is a unique siddha proprietary medicine formulated with the oil extracts of Phyllanthus emblica, Bergamia koenigii, Lawasonia alba, Indigofera tinctoria, and Eclipta prostate in Oleum Cocos nucifera base. The term kesh raksha in Sanskrit refers to hair protection. It means, the oil that protects the hair can be called as kesh raksha. Treatment Procedure A hair swatch weighing 100 g with length of the hair 20 cm was used for the study. The hair swatch was divided into two parts weighing 50 g each. Prior to the use of hair swatch at random 10 hair fibers were examined under microscope to ensure cuticular uniformity and absence of any hair abnormality. At random, 10 hair fibers were removed from each swatch and kept separately as control. Then, both the hair swatches were treated with 500 µl of kesh raksha oil separately and applied evenly throughout each hair fiber (500 µl was arrived, based on the recommended usage instruction of kesh raksha oil i.e. 1 ml/100 g of hair). After 10 min of application, five hairs from each swatch was removed and kept for studying the effect of oil after single application.

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Research and Reviews: Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy ISSN: 2394-1960(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com

Significance of Preventive and Curative Aspect of Unani Medicine in Free Radicals Induced Lifestyle Disorders M.S.M. Shiffa1,*, N. Fahamiya2, M.U.Z.N. Farzana3, Fasihuzzaman4 1

Department of Moalejat (Medicine), Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka 2 Department of Ilmul Advia (Materia Medica), Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka 3 Department of Amraz-e-Niswan wa Qabalat (Gynaecology & Obstetrics), Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka 4 Department of Ilaj bit Tadbir (Regimenal Therapy), Faculty of Medicine (Unani), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

Abstract The influence of lifestyle on human health is of worldwide increasing concern. Disease profile is changing rapidly. Currently, lifestyle disorders are becoming more problem, and policy makers are working on that. It draws major concern because it affects younger working community. Therefore, it would reduce the productivity of the entire nation. It is believed through various studies that free radicals are taking major part of the formation of lifestyle disorders. During the past several years, there has been a growing interest in the medical implications of free radicals. Free radicals can be formed from both, endogenous and exogenous substances due to unhealthy lifestyle. Free radicals cause lifestyle diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, etc. In recent years, a multitude of studies provide comprehensive evidence that increased production of reactive oxygen species are involved in the development and progression of lifestyle diseases. Hence, Unani system of medicine emphasizes on the maintenance of healthy life through implementing asbab-e-sitta zarooriya (six essential factors) in the life, which influence on human body to generate a new state or maintain the persisting state and help in the promotion of health and prevention of disease. A balanced relationship between the six essential factors keeps the humours and the temperament on the right track and due to their imbalance, all mental and somatic diseases occur. Unani system not only addresses the symptoms of lifestyle diseases but also identifies and deals with the underlying causes. Hence, by adoption of an appropriate Unani lifestyle plan, free radical can be avoided or counteracted, and by that, prevent and reduce the degree and severity of the lifestyle diseases, thus ensuring a better quality of life. Keywords: Free radicals, lifestyle disorders, defense mechanism, Unani medicine

INTRODUCTION Unani medicine emphasizes the equilibrium in all the aspects of the individual, including internal and external factors. When human being is synchronized with environment, he remains healthy, and when there is any interruption in this synchronization, disorders occur. Thus, a disease associated with the way a person or group of people lives is known as lifestyle diseases. This includes obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, spinal problems, carcinomas, etc. [1]. At

present, lifestyle disorders are not only affecting the elderly people, but also affecting the younger population. The report released at the World Health Assembly in Geneva points to the fact that countries like Brazil, China, Russia and India currently lose more than 20 million productive life-years annually to chronic diseases. In addition, the number is expected to grow by 65% by 2030 [2]. In recent years, a multitude of studies provide comprehensive evidence

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