A DAY IN THE LIFE OF MOSCOW This is a city of 12 million or 20 million people depending on who’s counting. That’s a discrepancy the size of London. With such unreliable statistics, how can we even begin to understand an ‘average’ experience? Urban analysts reproduce the city in graphs and statistics. But the technocratic language of urban data sets, though valuable, abstracts the individual citizen’s experience.
Who are the people inside the numbers? Why do they traverse the city the way they do? This introduction to the theme of Urban Routines zooms in to the human scale, focusing on 11 Muscovites. These characters emerged out of the research process – they are fictional but also archetypal. This is how their lives are written onto the city map. You may recognise them.
THE MIGRANT WORKER
THE DRIVER WITHOUT A CAR
THE LADY OF LEISURE
THE LIVEIN CONCIERGE
This young man works in the Pokrovka wholesale food market. A migrant from Uzbekistan, he cannot register as a Moscow citizen and so lives illegally in a communal rental flat. He supports his wife and children in Bukhara, but he only visits them twice a year. Six days a week he commutes to the Pokrovka market from Ivanteyevka. On Fridays he attends his local mosque.
Ex-military, he is the driver of a senior member of the Presidential Executive Office. The black S-Class Mercedes comes with the job. When he’s not driving his boss to and from the office, he waits in the car — he kills time embroidering. When he knows he won’t be needed, he’ll run personal errands, sometimes picking up passengers as an informal taxi. But if the boss calls he has to drop everything. At night he moonlights as a sober driver, taking drunken clients home in their own cars. From there it’s an informal taxi ride back to a hostel or a friend’s sofa.
The wife of a property developer, in her early thirties. She doesn’t work but nor is she tied up looking after her child — she has people to do that for her. She rises late and devotes what’s left of the morning to yoga. Lunch with a girlfriend is followed by shopping. In the evening she’ll meet friends at a fashionable bar. But this routine might also happen in reverse, depending on her mood. She is taking a course in fine arts, but her journeys through the city are mostly random, chosen by when she can avoid the traffic.
He is from a small town near Nizhniy Novgorod but he lives and works in a tower block on New Arbat. His job is to open doors, keep the foyer clean and monitor those entering the building. He sleeps in a small room next to the entrance. He is meant to be seen and not heard, but he is old and increasingly deaf, and he kills time talking loudly on the phone, watching loud TV and doing crosswords. Though he has domesticated corners of the foyer, residents never quite realize that when they enter they enter through his home.
A 4:00 B 6:30
Ivanteyevka Pokrovka Market. Starts day shift C 18:00 Market closes. He starts the unofficial night shift D 23:00 Takes the last suburban train home E 24:00 Arrives home
THE HOMELESS PERSON A 47-year-old man who has been homeless for nearly a decade. He sleeps on buses and metro trains (preferably the circular lines of the Garden Ring) but when he can get into buildings he beds down on staircase landings — rising very early, before anyone spots him or he can be kicked awake by the janitor. In winter he seeks out municipal heating pipes. He spends his days foraging in bins, visiting soup kitchens or occasionally the municipal showers. What little money he collects goes on alcohol and food. He is not registered. A B C D E
06:30 07:00 11:00 13:00 17:15
Wakes up in a stairwell Checks the bins Moscow Disinfection Centre Chistye Prudy. Begging Kurskaya metro. Charity Feeding Patrol F 02:30 Turgenevskaya Square. Sleeps in warm tunnel
THE ATHLETIC COMMUTER Originally from Vladivostok, she came to Moscow to study and ended up staying. She is a single mother, and because she only has temporary registration in Moscow she has to pay for a private kindergarten. The flat she rents in a microrayon in Perovo is also expensive, as is her parking space. She works long hours as an instructor in a fitness centre in Moscow City, and gives private classes in her extra time. It takes her 80 minutes to drive to work. After work she often makes a detour to a shopping centre on the MKAD, getting home at around midnight. A 07:50 Microrayon in Perovo. Leaves home B 08:45 Drops son at kindergarten C 10:10 Fitness centre in Moscow City D 19:40 Collects son from friend E 20:50 Belaya Dacha shopping mall. Grocery shopping F 23:10 Arrives home
A 07:10 Wakes up at friend’s place B 08:25 Frunzenskaya metro. Collects car from garage. Cleans it C 09:40 Picks up the boss D 09:50 Staraya Square, Presidential Administration. Drops boss at work. Waits in car E 16:35 Runs errand F 18:07 Returns to pick up boss, 7 minutes late G 19:40 Drops boss at his dacha H 20:30 Drops car at garage. Naps I 22:45 Gets call to serve as sober driver. The first of three J 03:00 Sleeps at friend’s place in the center
THE ITINERANT INFANT The infant is an involuntary participant in Moscow’s daily grind. His mother, raising him alone, works hard and is forced to leave her three-yearold with different people throughout the day. In the mornings she drives him to the kindergarten, which takes a whole half an hour. But the kindergarten closes long before the end of her working day, and so her best friend picks up the boy and takes him home with her own child. His mother retrieves him at around 8pm, and takes him to the shopping mall on the way home for basic groceries. They get home late, when he is already fast asleep. A 07:15 Fed breakfast at home in Perovo B 08:45 Kindergarten C 16:30 Picked up by mother’s best friend D 19:40 Picked up by mother E 20:30 MEGA Belaya Dacha. Plays games on mother’s iPhone F 23:10 Home, already asleep
A 10:00 Kazarmeniy sidestreet B 10:30 Yoga with private instructor C 14:30 Restaurant Pushkin Lunch with girlfriend D 16:00 British Higher School of Design. Class in fine arts E 19:20 Drinks with girlfriends F 21:30 Home. Dinner with family
THE UNDERGROUND FLOWER SELLER This woman rarely sees daylight. She sells flowers in an underground passage at Tverskaya metro station. She is about 50 years old, and lives in a distant microrayon. She travels to work early by metro and takes a late train home. The TV in her shop is on all the time. What social life she has is limited to this underground passage and the other sales people. Almost everything she needs she buys in the underground passage. The only moment when she sees the sun is when she goes out for a smoke — she is a heavy smoker. A 07:15 Bibirevo microrayon. Leaves for work B 07:55 Chekhovskaya metro station. Opens the shop. Spends day working, TV on, with regular cigarette breaks C 20:15 Closes the shop D 21:00 Gets home
THE PROVINCIAL JETSETTER He works for the Ministry of Regional Development, and a few times every week he has to visit a city in the regions. This time it’s Samara. He wakes up at 5:30am for the early flight. He prepares for his meeting on the Aeroexpress. In Samara, the rush hour traffic means it takes two hours to get to town. At 3pm he braves the traffic once again to catch the evening flight to Moscow. He mostly eats in airports and governmental canteens. His routine is the opposite of that of thousands of regional government workers, who need to come to Moscow for any decision. A B C D E F
04:20 05:30 06:35 17:50 19:00 21:45
Yugo-Zapadnaya Domodedovo Flight to Samara Domodedovo Aeroexpress back to Moscow Home
A 07:30 Apartment building. Wakes in his room by the foyer. Sweeps floor, sorts post, cleans lift, watches TV B 16:30 Calls his relatives in Nizhny Novgorod C 18:00 Friends visit him D 19:00 His friends leave. Watches TV E 23:30 Goes to sleep
THE QUEUE HUNTER He works out of an office in a Gazele van, preparing documents for people needing visas or driving licenses. The van is filled with devices that service bureaucracy: a Xerox machine, a camera for headshots and a printer. There’s even a Qiwi terminal for quick payment. The mobile paper pusher will drive around looking for the longest queue. Then, setting up a folding table and chairs outside his van, he creates a queue of his own. He’s fully mobile but going nowhere. A 05:30 Solnechnogorsk B 07:00 Traffic Police Office, Lobnenskaya Street C 18:00 Drives back home
THE BABUSHKA RENTIER She owns a four-room apartment in a beautiful house in the centre of Moscow. She bought it during Yeltsin’s privatisation. She is registered there, but she lives well from renting it out. For herself she rents a small flat in the Krylatskoye microrayon, giving half of her income to her children — they also use her address to register their cars. She is retired, and spends much of her time looking after her grandchildren while their parents are busy working. Apart from the grandchildren, her routine is dominated by bureaucracy related to her property and her benefits. A 07:00 Krylatskoe microrayon B 08:30 Drops grandchildren at school C 09:40 Collects rent from tenant D 10:30 Sberbank. Paying bills E 13:50 Collects grandchildren F 17:00 Helps grandchildren with homework G 19:00 Children collected by parents
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF MOSCOW
A E
A
A
D
C
E
C I
B
C
A F G
B
A– E
E
C
B
F A
D
B
E
D D F
C
B
A
C B B
D D
A A F F
E
H C B
D C
E E
F A
A J
D C
B
G
D
B C
11 CHARACTERS, 11 ROUTINES
E
Urban Routines
FORGET WHAT YOU THINK YOU KNOW ABOUT RETAIL
Katy Asinskaya 01/37
THE CITY IS ABOUT CULTURE? MOSCOW NEEDS PUBLIC SPACE? RETAIL DESTROYS HERITAGE? RETAIL IMPOVERISHES PUBLIC REALM? RETAIL RUINS THE CITY? RETAIL MAKES US SPEND MONEY? BIG RETAIL DESTROYS SMALL BUSINESS? RETAIL MAKES US BUY THINGS? RETAIL PROMOTES INDIVIDUALISM? RETAIL DOESN’T GIVE A SHIT ABOUT YOU? RETAIL IS REALM OF BIG MONEY? RETAIL FIGHTS CULTURE? RETAIL REPLACES CULTURE? RETAIL OVERUSES RESOURCES? RETAIL IS INEQUALITY?
THE CITY IS ABOUT SHOPPING. MALLS FILL THE GAPS. RETAIL CAN PRESERVE HERITAGE. RETAIL CREATES CITY VIBRANCY. RETAIL BUILDS THE CITY. RETAIL MAKES US EARN MONEY. RETAIL EMPOWERS INDUSTRIES. RETAIL GIVES US WHAT WE WANT. RETAIL PROMOTES SOCIALIZATION. RETAIL ACTUALLY CARES. RETAIL IS EFFICIENT BOTTOM-UP FORCE. RETAIL BROADCASTS CULTURE. RETAIL HELPS CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS. RETAIL PROMOTES RESPONSIBILITY. RETAIL IS TOTAL EQUALITY.
Urban Routines Katy Asinskaya
CONSUMERISM: A FORCE FOR EVIL OR GOOD?
01/37
We love it. We hate it. Retail as the essential part of any urban routine provokes the fiercest critiques. All the pro and cons for consumerism and anti-consumerism are well known in the West, but what do we have here in Moscow after more than 20 years of the free-market? It’s time to pause for a critical evaluation of what Moscow retail is and to analyze the impact of retail on the city environment beyond
the obvious. As retail has an amazing ability to magnetize people despite all the prejudices, the city should capitalize on the idea of using retail as an efficient urban tool. Dynamic and flexible retail can maintain inefficient or abandoned facilities, preserve heritage, serve as a social and an educational hub, take part in building the city, and develop itself as the space for human interaction.
1.5
Tretyakov’s Galleries
1.7
Kremlin Museum
16.5 47
Gorky Park Evropeiskiy Shopping Mall
Most visited places in Moscow (mln people, 2012)
13.1 MILLION Moscow malls average weekly footfall (2014)
Urban Routines Vitaliy Avdyeyev
THE ENGINES OF MOSCOW’S NIGHTLIFE
02/37
The informal taxi service is the main means of nocturnal transportation in Moscow. Many city dwellers often take an informal taxi after staying late at work, meeting with friends, or a night party, and it has almost become a regular routine. For many Muscovites it is a kind of driverless car ride experience where the driver plays only a utilitarian role of “deliverer”
from point A to point B. Most of the time informal taxi drivers are people who have lost their jobs or immigrants. However, a conversation with the driver from Uzbekistan who used to be a potter or a pianist, who now has to ‘taxi’ to make a living for a family, can open up new sides of night routine for Muscovites. Timeline of the unemployment and migration rate
Background images are taken from ‘Night on Earth’ movie by Jim Jarmush
Informal night taxi routes
Urban Routines Vitaliy Avdyeyev 02/37
Urban Routines Dima Averianov 03/37 Urban Routines Dima Averianov
THE ANYTIME ANYWHERE SERVICE CITY
03/37
Domestic services nowadays are the solutions to meet variety of basic needs for comfortable dwelling. Service consumption is an essential part of daily life — to live on maximum. It reflects our lifestyle and even affects our daily routes. The domestic service sector is going through revolutionary changes because now it interacts more with other type of services. New services are continually launched to
satisfy our existing needs or to create new needs that we had no idea about. Service providers now take more into account the diversity of preferences, addictions, needs and timing of their customers. New services become more personalized and more complex. The future is the existence maximum — services that offer us a totally new way of dwelling when comfort is organized without our direct participation.
HEALTH CARE
ENTERTAINMENT
UTILITIES
TRANSPORTATION FOOD SERVICES
DOMESTIC SERVICES COMMUNICATION CULTURE
SECURITY PROFFESIONAL SERVICES
BEAUTY CARE
Urban Routines G.Aygunyan, A.Chumov, J.Kostirko
79 WAYS TO SUBVERT OFFICE STEREOTYPES
04/37
Project “Disco office and another 78 ideas for offices� is a collection of different-scale ideas for offices. It presents a combination of large and small solutions for office constructions, stationary equipment and office furniture. This is a combination between the occasionally absurd and the practical. The project is looking towards unrealisable utopias at some points, or simply making a joke, but in
many cases it offers real solutions for everyday problems. Real time observations, brainstorming sessions with various categories of people, and surveys of office complaints helped to make the collection of 79 ideas. This Project will entertain you and make you think seriously about routine in the office.
47
STUCK IN AN INFINITE OFFICE UNIVERSE
Urban Routines G.Aygunyan, A.Chumov, J.Kostirko 04/37
Urban Routines Alexander Ayoupov 05/37
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Leave work Reach destination Drink coffee Text your darling Check engine Visit a friend Have sex Have a picnic Have an accident Check the mail Knit a scarf Stay for lunch Check the mail
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Read the news Arrive home Visit parents Take a picture Bathe in river Go shopping Wait for traffic Let cars pass Verify location Write a poem Explore unknown Question yourself Go for a drink
Urban Routines Alexander Ayoupov
A — B VIA XYZ: STOP AND ENJOY YOUR CITY
05/37
Driving is perceived as a transition from point A to point B, but in fact driving is a sequence of stops. A stop is an opportunity to create your own place from the space around you. The city — a metaplace — could therefore be analysed from the perspective of stops. Stops could be used as objective data to indicate how the city lives, where it stops. To interact with the city
a stop has to be made. The density and frequency of stops are the indicators of urban activity and the quality of urban routines. For instance, driving from home on Prospekt Vernadskogo to work on Balchug Island in the morning takes about 40 minutes by car, experiencing 55 stops. What is your driving-stopping routine? How do you contribute to the city? Map of Moscow stops, OSM data
Photostop in a place intended for technical stops
06/37
now directed to putting the Internet under national sovereignty and to support domestic production in order to curb imports, electronic retail already finds itself in a critical position. In 2064’s Moscow, e-commerce will not only be the leading form of retail, but also a tool to control each citizen’s shopping choices. What if buying Western goods would cost you a denunciation for “anti-patriotic behavior”?
Urban Routines Daniele Belleri
R T
Internet Internet users users in in Russia Russia
Retail Retail sales sales in in Russia Russia
143
120 105 76
2012
2064
10100 billion dollars
Daniele Belleri
Each time you buy online, all the details about your purchases are stored and used for further commercial purposes. What would happen if the control of these data became a crucial political tool? In the first months of 2014, the Russian authorities have increasingly been calling for a detachment of the country from the West, both from an economic and cultural point of view. With the State’s efforts
million people
Urban Routines
ARE YOU A PATRIOT? THEN SHOP ONLINE 5400
670 12 2012
2064 Overall retail sales
Source: UN, author’s speculation
Online retail sales
Source: Morgan Stanley, author’s speculation
R O T I A
06/37
“HE HASN’T BUY A SINGLE RUSSIAN PRODUCT IN TEN YEARS”
Urban Routines
AN ECOSYSTEM OF URBAN RETAILERS
MOSCOW KINGDOM
Hierarchy: kingdom phylum
TEMPORARY
CAPITAL
VIRTUAL
shopping centre
Alina Bibisheva
kiosk
the peddler
the forecaster
the hacker
the pirat
online store
street fair abuser of power
non certified
charity
the speculator payment terminal
the helper
the distributor
market
vedor machine the leech
the begger
informal taxi prohibited equipment seller
07/37 market
cart
black market of services
medical black market
stolen goods
virtual black market
the gazel
family formal informal illegal
Urban Routines Alina Bibisheva
STEPPING OUT OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY
07/37
The research was done in the form of a typology, illustrating the diversity of informal, legal and illegal retail in Moscow. All species were organized by their representative type of seller. The goal was to identify and display the smallest species, especially of the informal type, that have not been studied statistically and cannot be attached to any particular defined habitat or assigned a specific turnover.
The great number of informal is due to ‘shady’ economic activities promptly responding to even an insignificant increase in demand, striving to satisfy it. Citizens and the authorities should acknowledge the urban value of the informal. With their capability to swiftly respond to local demand, the informal represent an additional common benefit worth ingrating into the legal economic system.
LEGITIMATE ECONOMY 56% $1,888,971,840,000W $ GDP (Russia)
SHADOW ECONOMY 44% $1,484,192,160,000 GDP (Russia)
Urban Routines Steven Broekhof & Vlado Danailov
HOW TO LIVE IN A CITY WITH NO HOUSES
08/37
Moscow’s city center is dominated by facilities — offices, restaurants, sport clubs — but short in housing. Yet, it is the most desirable place for living. This condition creates a unique possibility for an alternative way of dwelling in the city center: to “Dwell without a House”. Today it is no longer important the amount of things one possesses. Access to the facilities for fulfilling our contemporary quotidian
needs is essential. In the “City without Houses” we give the possibility for all 11.9 million inhabitants to choose from a network of facilities and atmospheres. Instead of everyone having their own bathroom, kitchen, storage etc, these could be concentrated into centralised blocks so that every resident just has a sleeping pod and then navigates the city based on what they need to do.
EATING
WASHING
STORING
RELAXING
SERVING
SLEEPING
STUDYING
WORKING
What do we usually do in our houses?
What do we need if all the inhabitants of Moscow would dwell in the city center?
Urban Routines
EATING 909.028 units
Steven Broekhof & Vlado Danailov
LEISURE 1.487.500 units
MEDITATION 330.556 units
MOBILITY 578.473 units
WORKING 2.975.000 units
SHOWER 413.195 units
SLEEPING 3.967.000 units
STORAGE 11.900.000 units
SERVICE 743.750 units
KNOWLEDGE 495.834 units
? What if we distribute all facilities out of our houses?
08/37
Urban Routines
SVO
Liva Dudareva & Eduardo Cassina
SOC
SVO
SOC
DME 09/37
DME
Urban Routines Liva Dudareva & Eduardo Cassina
THE FUTURE OF MOSCOW CITY IS IN THE AIR
09/37
“Stop Over City” captures the future changes of Moscow International Business Center, or ‘Moscow City’ for friends. Set in 2041, this financial district has become part of Moscow’s International Airport, the world’s first mega-airport: Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo have been connected with a high speed train, stopping at terminal SOC, Stop Over City (formerly known as Moscow City).
Understanding Moscow City as an island within the city, we propose that it becomes a business enclave, another terminal of the airport, within its International Transit Area. A Free Trade Zone that facilitates customs and visa-free encounters with other global actors. Stop Over City — a zone that is both a terminus and a carrefour, an end and a transition, a non-lieu and a lieu-de-memoire.
Urban Routines Irina Eremenko
ANTHROPOCAR: HOW TO SPEAK WITH THE CITY
10/37
Have you ever thought what is happening when you put your foot down and your car produces a very loud revving sound? At this moment you are in the process of communication with the city. You are using your engine as a medium to occupy the sound space of the city. You and your car now act as a single anthropocar. What language does this species use? A car can ‘speak’ with the city by means of a
considerable array of different extensions of the human body. You can identify yourself through the car license plate and say: “I am Batman!” Or else you can do it by airbrushing a picture to cover the entire surface of the car. More complex communication is in action when one is using car as a brush to draw a picture of the city by collecting GPS tracking points in some order. And what is your “language”?
Locative media project City Drawings
Airbrushed picture, covering the entire surface
Urban Routines Irina Eremenko 10/37
Urban Routines Daniil Gavrish 11/37 Urban Routines Daniil Gavrish
TOWARDS AN ENDLESS RETAIL FUTURE
11/37
43 minutes per day, according to statistics Russians spend on shopping. But the actual percentage of shopping time in daily life is associated with the process of shopping much more. Shopping today is not just the acquisition of goods. It is the sum of different processes and events that involve the consumer more. This is acquaintance with goods, comparison, decisionmaking time, providing additional ser-
vices, web applications, entertainment, educational masterclasses, and so on. All this takes a time which in summ shows us from 190 to 500 minutes per day occupied by retail! It is widespread penetration. Last trends of merchandise techniques forms the image of retail as an invader hunter time consumer. Shopping is a daily routine. Shopping time is steadily increasing as working time is reducing in many parts of the world.
12/37 Urban Routines
FORM OF ORGANIZATION
Anna Golovkina
Cubicle workplace Team room Open space Private offices Creative space Big Brother Fixed schedule Flexible schedule Monotone rhythm Multitask project management
them, all office spaces are boring and problematic by default. When the form of work organization meets social conditions we can observe several issues in performance that can be resolved with food and love. Nevertheless, the meaning behind the concept of “work” is the same in different languages — some kind of effort in life. We can find a new concept that will reflect that idea of work for pleasure.
FOOD SOLUTION
For poor community, low activity, «LONG» contacts, lack of traditions, distraction.
Simply buy your employees lunch
PROBLEM PERFORMANCE SOCIAL CONDITIONS Community connection competition activity traditions focus trust ambitions stress
LOVE SOLUTION
For low trust, unhealthy competition, high stress.
“INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY ESTABLISHED A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WORK AND LIFE. BUT NOW LIFE IS WORK AND WORK IS LIFE.” Grigory Revzin, architectural critic
WORK NON-STOP 8 HOURS ∞ HOURS NO DAYS-OFF ANYMORE NO WORKING DAYS ANYMORE
12/37
WORK FOR PLEASURE
Love your workers, don’t use them
* To office (v.) – the new word to define working process for pleasure
Life and work have no border
I WORK THEREFORE I AM
XYZ GENERATION REQUEST MOVES FROM MONEY TO SOCIAL PART
Anna Golovkina
The border between work and the rest of life is increasingly blurring, as the difference between the two shrinks. And the need to spend time in the office has become an obsession. Also, the demands of the XYZ generation are changing from money to social part in the working process. The question that has inspired me to conduct this research was “How could we get more pleasure out of office work?”. As I see
TO OFFICE*
Urban Routines
WORKNEVERENDS SDNEREVENKROW WORKNEVERENDS
Urban Routines
12 SIMPLE STEPS TO OBTAIN SIMPLE SERVICES. KINDERGARTEN APPLICATION CASE. Rent an apartment
Registration office visit
Sveta Gordienko
OOOPS! The owner is afraid of tax police. No registration for you OOOPS! The owner is not ready
Registration office visit
Welcome to Moscow!
OOOPS! More than one owner
Ask the owner for registration
Congrats! You’ve got your temporary registration!
OOOOPS! The registration has expired. Go to the beginning
Submit documents to online kindergarten commision
Congrats! You are in second-grade queue!
Finally here! Welcome to Moscow kindergarten!
OOOPS! Documents are not ok Verifications
13/37
OOOPS! The owner lives abroad
Wait 6 days
Wait 2-3 years!
Urban Routines Sveta Gordienko
NAVIGATING THE MINEFIELD OF BUREAUCRACY
13/37
Underneath most urban routines lies a basic assumption of a person as a city dweller. However, a substantial part of the people living in Moscow are not officially citizens for the state urban system. To be a city dweller visible to the municipality means to be registered at a specific address. Registration is used as a key to obtain social services and as a condition of security within the municipal system.The process of registra-
tion is built upon multiple negotiations, documents and verifications. This filter divides the population of Moscow in two parts — either deprived or plenipotentiary urban dwellers. Existing differentiation between types of registration is a bureaucratically designed form of discrimination. The example below focuses on the application for municipal kindergarten places and shows where registration obstacles are hidden.
Protest against new registration rules, March 2013
Queue at the registration office, October 2013
Urban Routines Olena Grankina
A CAR SOCIETY MAKES A CIVIC SOCIETY
14/37
English philosopher Thomas Hobbes claimed the autocratic state was created by man to satisfy his natural need to defend himself. In the event that the State doesn’t provide a safe environment — or, indeed, causes distrust and danger — the individual tends to create his own defence mechanisms. One of them is the car. Similar to a medieval knight’s armour, it encases
the human in a metal surface, isolating him from any outside danger. The more aggressive the environment provided by the state, the more a citizen needs a car. The more a citizen needs a car, the more drivers’ rights he fights for, and the more powerful car society is. One day we might see the creation of a common car army which could challenge the State. The parade in Moscow; marking the warfare, 2014
Protests on wheels, Ukraine, december 2013
Urban Routines Olena Grankina 14/37
Urban Routines Yuliana Guseva
Consumer searches for information. Retailer portrays the post-purchase future.
Consumer investigates and makes a preference. Retailer shows expertise and excellence.
Consumer prepares to pay. Retailer demonstrates fit and triggers action
Consumer evaluates the product. Retailer maintains personal contact.
Keep on dreaming. And buying.
15/37
Consumer recognizes the need. Retailer tries to become and stay top-of-mind choice.
Urban Routines Yuliana Guseva
TRICKED & TREATED & PUSHED TO BUY
15/37
Historical accounts of trade show that consumer manipulation has existed since the onset of human civilization. The development of marketing thought began early in the twentieth century, with some of the earliest writers in the marketing field being professional psychologist. Ever since, retailers draw on psychological research and employ a variety of methods to entice us to buy. They
continuously come up with various techniques of manipulation, from the most basic ones like colors and sounds, to much more advanced ones, like complex loyalty schemes. By anticipating our desires and integrating new technological and scientific insights, retailers are in a unique position where they can now shape the way not only the market, but our lives look like.
A 100% OF YOUR BUDGET B ROUGHLY 70% OF EVERYTHING YOU EARN YOU SPENT IN RETAIL C UP TO 70% OF ALL PURCHASES ARE SPONTANEOUS AND UNNECESSARY Expenditure Regulator
Urban Routines Linda Hogberg Andersson
NEW MOSCOW: RUSSIA’S LAS VEGAS?
16/37
The Kievskaya Highway, ten times larger than The Strip, runs through the new territories of Moscow, banded with new offices. Situated between two international airports, Domodedovo and Vnukovo, New Moscow has the potential to become a Russian Las Vegas — not in terms of gambling, but in terms of business. Las Vegas has the largest convention facilities
in the world and can host the gatherings of the largest companies. In Las Vegas, 13% of the visitors come for conferences. In comparison, Moscow seems to be left in the Middle Ages, with honey and Orthodox Christian accessories as the major attractors for the expos. To keep up with the top, Moscow, brace yourself: — it is time to start learning from Las Vegas!
42 MILLION Passengers per year, Las Vegas airport
32 MILLION Passengers per year, Vnukovo and Domodedovo
Urban Routines Linda Hogberg Andersson 16/37
POPULATION OF MOSCOW Depending on who is counting
Official count: 12.6 million Migration expert estimate: 14 million Speculation based on food consumption: 20 million
Each symbol represents 1 million people
Rubles
With bribe
1,000,000
BRIBERY IN MOSCOW How money saves you time
3 2
100,000
8
5 6
10,000
1.48m
1
Without bribe
RETAIL SPACE PER CAPITA Officially Moscow out-strips London, Paris, São Paulo and Singapore by 50%* 2
7
4
5
1.28m2
0.9m
2
6
0.8m2
1 week
1 2 3 4
Moscow
London
Paris
7
8
1 2
4
0
0.9m
2
1m2
0.95m2
São Paulo Singapore
Based on official population count Based on estimated population count Based on speculated population count *And yet the mayor of Moscow was quoted as saying: “The amount of retail space in Moscow should be at least doubled — we must reach European levels of retail space”
Kindergarten place Phd Doctoral degree University diploma
1 month
5 6 7 8
1 year
5 years
Drunk driving Moscow registration Driving license Military ID
OFFICE SPACE IN MOSCOW The shift to working in the suburbs LIVING SPACE PER CAPITA IN MOSCOW It’s almost half what it should be
3m
4m
Existing Office Space: 14 million m2 (80% in the center) Ocupied office space Vacant office space: 1.5 million m2
Minimum space based on federal standards: 12m2 Based on official population count: 10.5m2 Based on estimated population count: 9.5m2 Based on speculated population count: 6.6m2 Planned Office Space: 5.5 million m2 (75% in the outskirts) Planned office space Already being built: 1.5 million m2
MOST CONGESTED CITIES IN EUROPE Moscow has the worst traffic but not the most cars Congestion Rating*
Cars per 10 people
36%
Paris
36%
Rome
40%
Marseille
40%
Palermo
44% 57%
Warsaw Istanbul
65%
Moscow
65%
Moscow
65%
Moscow
*% of extra time taken to get from A to B during rushhour
Based on official population count Based on estimated population count Based on speculated population count
Urban Routines
Paradox Between Quality and Popularity
Evropeisky -----------280 000 people per weekend -----------335/800 quality points
Low Quality
→
High Quality
-------------------------------------
Not Popular
→
Very Popular
-------------------------------------
Pavel Ilyichev
Zolotoy Vavilon Rostokino -----------200 000 people per weekend -----------185/800 quality points
Quality is defined by: 1. Pedestrian Accessibility 2. Mixity 3. Outward Orientation 4. Compactness 5. Generous Public Space 6. No Junk Spaces 7. Level of Natural Lights 8. No Cluttered Facade
Mega Khimki -----------140 000 people per weekend -----------250/800 quality points
Gorod -----------100 000 people per weekend -----------285/800 quality points
Gagarinsky -----------100 000 people per weekend -----------315/800 quality points
Vegas -----------150 000 people per weekend -----------370/800 quality points
Afimall city -----------100 000 people per weekend -----------375/800 quality points
Atrium -----------100 000 people per weekend -----------495/800 quality points
Metropolis -----------120 000 people per weekend -----------540/800 quality points
17/37 Urban Routines Pavel Ilyichev
QUALITY BEATS CONVENIENCE IN FUTURE MALLS
17/37
If we cannot escape from urban routines let’s improve their quality! The shopping mall is still the most convenient place for shopping. During the last two decades, basic trade has been transformed into a colorful and entertaining consumer experience. In 2016, Moscow will be saturated by new constructions bringing a significant shift in the market competition. Our research is based on the 9 most visited
Moscow malls. The quality of these has been evaluated according to various criteria. In general, these measuring parameters might be divided into 3 categories: quality of integration, level of generosity, and respect to the consumer. The results were quite interesting: the most visited ones became not quite so excellent. But consumers are getting more particular about quality and cherry-picking will soon disappear.
Today’s malls — low quality and high footfall
Future malls — high quality and low footfall
Urban Routines Anna Kamyshan
WE CUSTOMISE THE CITY WITH OUR NETWORKS
18/37
Each time we move around the city, we plan our routes and select the places we correlate with our personality. There, we meet familiar people together with whom we create an island of our common interest or lifestyle. Our routine is a collective expression of the personal will, which is mutually agreed and developed. We define our identity through events we hold, the clothes we wear, and the words we
use. Our routine is constantly repetitive, yet each time re-thought and reborn, which approves the process of our development and progress. Our connection to a place is increasingly of short-term nature, yet it shapes Moscow space and time. We create bonds of a new order, adopting and digesting the existing framework of the city for our common needs and interests. We create our custom city.
3 6
1
5
4 2
7
Urban Routines
The “Art of Living in French” school was founded by Cecile. Each week, gather many people here to have a nice evening in a French atmosphere.
Cecile and Jean met each other in Moscow. Both of them run their own business there. On weekends they often go to Gorky Park — their friend Blanche has opened a cafe there.
Anna Kamyshan
2
1
3 Le Courrier de Russie is a very popular magazine among French-speaking people in Moscow.
The French teenagers came to Moscow with their parents. They study at the French Lyceum of Alexandre Dumas at Milutinsky Lane. After the classes they walk around the city loudly speaking French and laughing.
4. 4 7
6
Inna has many French friend in Moscow. They often meet and walk around the city. Many of her friends have a cafe, a club or a shop. Thus, they create the dense network of French-speaking people, places where they meet and businesses they run. It is their city.
18/37
Inna works with Jean at Le Courrier de Russie. Her son attends French Lyceum and is a friend of many French kids in Moscow.
French Lyceum of Alexandre Dumas at Milutinsky Lane.
5
Milutinsky Lane has historically been a gathering place for the French community in Moscow. Each Sunday the French-speaking parishioners come here to the Church of St. Louis.
Urban Routines Olena Kovalyova 19/37 Urban Routines Olena Kovalyova
CONSUMERS HANG OUT AT THE MUSEUM
19/37
What makes shopping in a museum different from routine shopping in a mall? It liberates consumers from the feeling of guilt, letting them experience pure pleasure. Department stores may not yet have become museums, as Andy Warhol predicted, but museums have certainly become department stores. In the last 50 years, Western museumbased retail has evolved from the humble gift shop to a shopping mall. This re-
cent global trend could be viewed as a desire to revive the model of the unified core — the 15th century Gothic cathedral where all was in one place: the sacredness, the news, and the entertainment. Today, you come not to a museum gift shop, but to a divine store, which sells you ‘a piece that has a story.’The question is: is this synthesis a temporary fashion, or could it possibly develop and remain in Russian culture for good?
Luxury outlet in the Louvre Museum’s Shopping Mall
Installation of fully operating shop LV at the Museum
Iana Kozak 20/37
Moscow tries to look younger than it is in reality: with all its new “hipster” public spaces – parks, creative clusters and pedestrian zones – it positions itself as the city for the youth, while, in fact, 22 percent of Muscovites are people over 60. Current building regulations reduced the norm of dwelling for elderly from 8.8 to 6.2%. The most of retirement
homes are located in the periphery or in the countryside. If nothing changes, in 10 years Moscow will transform substantially, ringed by elderly settlements. City should be prapered for its aging by integration of retirement dwelling within existing urban structure. This could prevent an exodus of the most experienced part of people and challenge their potential.
Population aged 60+ years, both sexes (%)
Urban Routines
WILL MOSCOW STILL LOVE ME WHEN I’M 65? Japan
40
Spain
35
Germany
France Russia UK USA
30 25 20
Egypt
15
S.Africa
10
Kenya
5 0
THERE ARE 2.3 MILLION ELDERLY PEOPLE IN MOSCOW
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
5.6% RECEIVE ASSISTANCE
2050
The world is aging: 30% of people tend to be 60+
According to Department of Social Protection
Urban Routines Iana Kozak 20/37
Urban Routines V.Lukyanovich & A.Moldakhmetova 21/37 Urban Routines V.Lukyanovich & A.Moldakhmetova
THE RESIDENCE DESIGNED FOR FLEXIBLE LIVING
21/37
Residence Maximum is a new typology of temporary dwelling, specially designed for Moscow city center. It is a hybrid of various typologies of temporary dwelling, including the hotel, hostel, tenement house and rental apartment. The Residence’s system is a microworld which operates as a living organism, where service routines are closely interconnected with the routines of the inhabitants.
It has it’s own currency—credits, which dwellers can obtain through providing services, and subletting their rooms. The most important aspect of the Residence is Choice, which leads to a flexibility of conditions and interactions: time and payment flexibility, maximum choice of room typologies, maximum convenience based on services and facilities, and maximum usage of space.
Time and payment flexibility
11 870
6958
6417
5806 5000 Social store
Piaterochka
Auchan
5670 Perekrestok
22/37
same needs. In reality, people value various needs differently. Ideally, the minimum consumer basket should be assessed at the individual level in terms of what people want and need. Using a general consumption-based approach, it fails to connect poverty with people’s values or their aspirations towards general well-being. The basket can be updated by using data on nutritional diets, adding healthy products to the basket.
Sedmoy Kontinent
Anna Maikova
According to the Moscow City By-Law #32, a minimum consumer basket is a necessity for human health and a living minimum, meaning a set of food, non-food products & services, established as a fixed list of items used specifically to track the progress of inflation in the market. The minimum basket provides considerable flexibility to policy-makers, who decide what and how much people need, assuming that all people have exactly the
Azbuka vkusa
Urban Routines
DO WE REALLY STILL SHOP LIKE SOVIETS? The monthly price of the official minimum basket in retail chains of Moscow, 2014
Urban Routines Anna Maikova 22/37 Official Minimum Basket
Updated Consumer Basket
Urban Routines
ROUTINES
Car
Retail
Office
Giulio Margheri & Roel van Herpt
Dwelling
Leisure
Nightlife
L
XL
XXL
****
*****
******
Park
Suburban
Rural
Animal
Artist
Manager
SCALES
XS
S
M PRICES
*
**
*** LANDSCAPES
Infrastructure
Industrial
Urban PEOPLE
23/37 Driver
Entrepreneur
Consumer
Urban Routines Giulio Margheri & Roel van Herpt
МКАД: FROM CIRCULATION TO DESTINATION
23/37
The MKAD is more than a ring road; it is a unique loop full of urban routines. Opened to the public in 1962, the 109 km MKAD spent decades as a countryside road. However, after the USSR collapsed, the area around the road started to urbanize rapidly. Petrol stations, repair shops, mega malls, leisure centers, and offices turned the MKAD into a Post-Soviet City: a place filled with destinations,
all accessible by car and connected by the ring. The exponential growth of services on the ring leads us to envision the future MKAD as an urban boulevard. It opens up for different modes of transport, increases its capacity, and connects well with Moscow’s larger transit system. All this leads to improved service accessibility, thereby reinforcing the road’s unique urban character.
Growth of services on the MKAD
The future MKAD
Urban Routines Sabina Maslova
A PEDESTRIAN CITY HIDDEN IN A CAR PARK
24/37
Every person in Moscow is first and foremost a pedestrian. Even a driver becomes a pedestrian as soon as he steps out of his car. The pedestrian routine in Moscow is a sequence of repeated experiences of coexistence with cars. In most places, any positive pedestrian amenities are swiftly overwhelmed by the relentless presence of cars. The diagram below shows the set of typical pedestrian routines
documented on a typical Thursday during a 25km walk from MKAD to Kremlin. In this space one continiously has to negotiate in space that is ambiguous. Though because the existing system of space segregation is imperfect, pedestrians are better off in undefined shared space as they have a greater freedom of movement and opportunities to improvise their way through the urban landscape.
Trip by foot from MKAD to Kremlin takes 5.5 h
Segregation and sharing are repeated processes
Urban Routines Sabina Maslova 24/37
Urban Routines Ela Mazina 25/37 Urban Routines Ela Mazina
EVERY CITIZEN 2 GETS 20m OF FREEDOM
25/37
Planar blocked garage boxes emerged in the 1960s as a simple solution for car storage. But now these places are obsolete for storing cars, since it is impossible to store all the cars on one ground level. Shanghai garage city shows the potential of such places to be used for all kinds of things: car services, shops, cafes, and even dwelling units. In fact, these informal activities can make a huge contribu-
tion to the city. So why can’t the city benefit from giving some freedom to these processes? A clear urban policy, allowing the preservation of the best features of this environment while adding new qualities is needed. Whatever is needed for the territory can happen in a garage. The precious feature that these places always offer is a mix of functions. And every function can fit the same 3.5 by 6m box.
Interior: potential to become anything
Garage boxes can be joined and built up
Urban Routines Yana Mazol
A VISION FOR A CITY WITH NO LEFTOVERS
26/37
Food constitutes the daily routine of the homeless. Even the hierarchy they have in their small collectives is formed around the knowledge of free food places and tricks to get some money for food and alcohol. If we improve the situation with food, we will improve the very existence of a homeless person. Through food we can offer the homeless a totally new life trajectory (or at least feed them), and
a new way of dwelling. Open mobile kitchens where food loss is distributed from the huge new wholesale markets will help the homeless to have permanent access to food and to be a part of the new city routine. The open access can make locals aware of the problem, encouraging them to bring and share extra food that is always a pain to throw away.
Urban Routines
PROPOSED NEW FOOD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Yana Mazol 26/37
1) Large amount of food is discarded daily because of its appearance. Ugly carrots and apples are good enough to cook and eat but not good enough to be sold in supermarkets. 2) It is difficult to estimate the amount of rotten tomatoes and bananas on the huge wholesale markets. It is easy to reuse it for compost or to feed cattle.
Urban Routines Nicholas Moore 27/37 Urban Routines Nicholas Moore
SAVE THE LAST OF THE URBAN COMMONS
27/37
The people of Moscow own a vast urban resource: it is the Domestic Exterior, all the common spaces between and beyond the confines of apartments. As Russia continues its transformation to capitalism, this territory is increasingly privatized, leading to the fragmentation of city blocks as different parties fence their lots. The Domestic Exterior is extensive: it composes roughly 55% of Mos-
cow, or 138.000 hectares. The land is valuable, and not just in economic terms: the common ground between houses is one of the last sites of collective ownership and shared interest in Russia. By imagining this space as a unified network of yards, a distributed park through the city, Moscow can protect its unique legacy and set a new standard for civic interest in the post-Soviet city.
A Moscow block interrupted by multiple fences.
Moscow Yards: Zones of potential life in the city.
Urban Routines Sofia Novikova
DEVELOPERS, WE NEED HOMES NOT UNITS!
28/37
According to specialists from Urbaneconomics, Moscow needs about 500 years to complete its housing upgrade. One of the indicators showing the insufficient level of development of housing improvement in Moscow, and the failure to demolish dilapidated, obsolete properties and those in need of emergency reconstruction, is the physical disposal of premises. In
2010, such physical disposal amounted to 436,000m², accounting for 0.2% of housing in Moscow (vs. 1% in Western Europe). It is difficult to overlook the need that prompted the first waves of industrial large-panel construction, but what has changed since then? What do our homes look like today? Will they meet the new standards for quality of life?
35.7
sq.m. residential area
55.4 sq.m. total area
Typical 2 rooms apartment, seria P-46M, 2012
32.8
sq.m. residential area
v
Typical 2 rooms apartment, seria II-04, 1955–1963
Urban Routines Sofia Novikova 28/37
Urban Routines Albina Nurgaleeva 29/37 Urban Routines Albina Nurgaleeva
HOW TO FIX AN INCONVENIENT CITY? EASY…
29/37
Despite the fact that the format of the ground floor small grocery shop exists in Moscow, generally this type of retail has still not reached a mature level of development. There are several reasons for this, both historical (the scale of the Soviet microrayon) and current (high rental costs and resultant reshaping format of business, for example, bank offices replacing grocery shops).
In the past, the role of “corner shop” in Moscow was played by department stores, today there are supermarkets. But is that the quality retail which Moscovites would like to see in their neighborhood? Moscow consumers demand convenience stores, which could play a role in the community, acting as a facilitator of the urban environment humanization process.
MOSCOW HAS 4,400 INDEPENDENT GROCERY STORES (1 SHOP PER 2,900 PEOPLE) LONDON HAS 6,084 CONVENIENCE STORES (1 SHOP PER 1,349 PEOPLE)
“SMALL NEIGHBORHOOD STORES HAVE LITTLE CHANCES. AND THEY ARE THE ONES ‒ IN MY OPINION — GOVERNMENT SHOULD CARE FOR THE MOST.”
Moscow Department of Trade and Service, UK ACS
Evgeny Butman, founder of Ideas4Retail company
Urban Routines Elina Pechonova
THE ‘CITY’ IS DEAD! LONG LIVE THE MUSEUM!
30/37
Moscow 2030. Grand opening of Moscow City museum-in-a-museum. A newly-elected President Vladimir Putin became the first visitor of MCMIM whose personal contribution is considered to be decisive for implementing the project. It was Putin’s speech when prime-minister 4 years ago at the competition for the World’s first office museum that allowed the bid of Moscow CBD to outrun Midtown Manhattan and Downtown Burj Dubai. By the
Urban Routines Elina Pechonova
T
THE
OF
YP
I
CA
E FIC
L
O
F
C FI
W TO
ER
E
IN
T
I ER
O
time building of Moscow CBD was finished in 2024 it was hopelessly outdated and hardly attractive for rent with hives and eco-offices emerging. So alternative development of this area was decided to be public space – the office matreshka with different office layers. It became part of a preservation program initiated by Moscow Department for Architecture. Now Moscow City MIM is to be included in the UNESCO heritage list as an international monument.
Lenin’s office
EA
R
RLY
Russian Church’s main office
FI OF
CE
BE FO RE AU TO MA PE OP LE TION TO US ED AS WOR K PH OP ON ER AT E OR S
G D IN CB D IL OW BU SC E H MO T F O
30/37
Urban Routines
DO YOU BELIEVE THAT CHОICE OF PLACE AND TIME NFLUENCE YOUR JOB EFFICIENCY? YES, I DO
I DON’T KNOW
HOW DOES YOUR OFFICE ENVIRONMENT INFLUENCE YOUR JOB EFFICIENCY? (0- NEGATIVE; 10-POSITIVE )
WOULD YOU LIKE TO WORK REMOTELY? NO, I DON’T
DO YOU LIKE YOUR SCHEDULE?
YES, SOMETIMES
YES, UNLESS IT EXCEEDS 8 HOURS
10
I COULD COME EARLIER, BUT GENERALLY I’M OK
8 6
Olga Poletkina
4 2 0
WHAT IS THE BEST PLACE IN THE OFFICE FROM YOUR POINT OF VIEW? MY WORKING STATION
I DON’T KNOW
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
WHAT IS THE MOST PRODUCTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR YOU FROM YOUR POINT OF VIEW? CUBICLE
WOULD YOU LIKE TO WORK REMOTELY?
HAVE YOU EVER WORKED IN AN ENVIRONMENT BETTER THAN THE CURRENT ONE?
NO, I WOULDN’T
YES, I WOULD, BUT JUST 1-2 DAYS A WEEK
NO, I HAVEN’T
YES, I HAVE
NO, I WOULDN’T
YES, SOMETIMES
NO, I HAVEN’T
YES, I HAVE
(5 FROM 5 RESPONDENTS ARE WORKNG IN CUBICLES) MY WORKING STATION
I DON’T KNOW
SHARED OFFICE FOR CUBICLE 5-10 PEOPLE
OPEN-PLAN
31/37 (8 FROM 10 RESPONDENTS ARE WORKING IN SHARED OFFICE, 2 IN OPEN-PLAN)
Urban Routines Olga Poletkina
WHAT DO YOU MEAN MY CUBICLE IS ‘BORING’!?!
31/37
There are a lot of studies claiming that offices to be changed soon because people are more productive and happy with increased work flexibility. The offices to come will be not just a spaces, limited with walls, but rather a set of different areas, maintained by company and chosen according by people’s request, demolishing the existing office typology and
demanding the new one. With this idea as a starting point, I decided to go to a regular Moscow office in order to investigate how it could be changed if maximum flexibility is applied. Contradicting the studies, people there are not interested in flexible work or noticeable office changes, they are totally satisfied with the current office reality.
VS
Regular office
hypothesis New office typology
Urban Routines Luba Russkikh
IN THE FUTURE YOU’LL WORK IN A MICRORAYON
32/37
50% of all A and B grade offices in Moscow are located in 5 km distance from the city centre. Due to high rental rates and prohibition of new construction in the centre, zones for new office development moved to outskirts. And now among all office premises business parks have the lowest vacancy rate and are being developed in the Western part of the city. Meanwhile the most populated areas are locat-
ed in the East, South and North. They have a diverse population with different levels of income and education, public transport accessibility, but no suitable spaces for modern offices. What if we could merge advantages of business parks and microrayons and create new type of work environment beneficial both for companies and employees?
+
Population density Offices
Advantages of business parks and microrayons
Urban Routines Luba Russkikh 32/37
Urban Routines James Schrader 33/37 Urban Routines James Schrader
METRO ERASES SIXTY PERCENT OF THE CITY
33/37
We typically think of Moscow as a city continuously radiating out from its historical center in the Kremlin, punctuated by concentric ring roads as it spreads outward. But the majority of Muscovites experience the city in a completely different way: through the Metro system, hidden underground but hugely influential on how the city functions. This misalignment tells us we need a new mental map of the city.
The Metro organizes the city into nodes of intense activity within the territory around each of the 194 Metro stations. All of the city’s area beyond a reasonable walking distance from the Metro is accessible only by car or by slower, less-frequent surface transportation. When seeing the city through the eyes of the Metro, the territory beyond the walkable Metro nodes seems to barely even exist.
Deep infrastructure enables the Nodal City
One person’s daily routine in the Nodal City
Urban Routines Edijs Vucens
TAKE YOUR OFFICE OUT INTO THE STREET
34/37
“New Work City� is a design concept that responds to the increasing trend for mobility in office work and encourages properly designed workspaces in the city. It recognises that the office is migrating towards a public space and that working routines are changing since technology has liberated clerical work from desktops. Within this concept, the definition of office is changing according to the task that
needs to be done and is stripped down to its core: chair, table, power socket and climate. A lack of these elements in the city is recognised and proposals are being made accordingly.
Office
City
Urban Routines Edijs Vucens
1h
3h
8h
34/37
15 min
Urban Routines Studio Links: Strelka Institute – MSU 35/37 Studio “Links: Moscow’s Informal Economy” is a joint project of Strelka Institute and the Economic Department of the Moscow State University.
Urban Routines Studio Links: Strelka Institute – MSU
MARKETS ARE N0T JUST ABOUT MONEY
35/37
Talking about the markets, economists tend to think about money, profits, prices, etc. But markets as an element of the city are much more than a financial machine — they are places of informal ties, cross-cultural communication, social inclusion, and reciprocal economic practices. Instead of purely focusing on the short-term financial role of markets,
we should think holistically: how can we maximize their positive long-term economic, social and cultural impact? How can they make the city more liveable, diverse and attractive?
Map of informal construction in Moscow
Data Source: Moscow Government, Incom Group
Urban Routines Studio Links: Strelka Institute – MSU
WHERE TO FIND INFORMAL ECONOMIES
36/37
The informal economy is not a single, consistent entity – there are dozens of different typologies, functions and sizes. Some of it is just not reported, some is illegal, some is hidden in formal structures. What informal sectors have in common is the way they behave – they all need traffic and thus they cluster and stick around the nodes of transport infrastructure.
If we analyze one Metro line – for example, the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya line – we can see how the quality and intensity of the informal economy differs from station to station, from the outskirts to the center and to the outskirts again. Understanding all the regularities of sticking – what likes to stick where, when and how – can add a very important layer to our daily urban routine.
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL ACTIVITY IN MOSCOW*
Economic activity Formal economy Informal economy
Periphery
Centre
Periphery
Studio “Links: Moscow’s Informal Economy” is a joint project of Strelka Institute and the Economic Department of the Moscow State University.
Urban Routines
COMPOSITE INDEX OF INFORMAL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ALONG THE MOSCOW METRO ’S “GREY” LINE
295 255
275
250
240
555
335
245
220
205 135
130
125
115
110
85
85
85
60 10
*Note: Initial hypothesis, valid only for certain sectors
Ul. Akademika Yangelya
Prazhskaya
Yuzhnaya
Chertanovskaya
Sevastopolskaya
Nakhimovsky prospect
Nagornaya
Nagatinskaya
Tulskaya
Serpukhovskaya
Borovitskaya
Chekhovskaya
Tsvetnoy Bulvar
Mendeleevskaya
Savelovskaya
Dmitrovskaya
Timiryazevskaya
Petrovsko-Razumovskaya
Vladykino
Otradnoe
36/37
Polyanka
0
0
Bibirevo
20
Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo
135
Annino
135
Altufyevo
Studio Links: Strelka Institute – MSU
180
Urban Routines Studio Links: Strelka Institute – MSU 37/37 Studio “Links: Moscow’s Informal Economy” is a joint project of Strelka Institute and the Economic Department of the Moscow State University.
Urban Routines Studio Links: Strelka Institute – MSU
WE’RE ALL PART OF THE INFORMAL ECONOMY
37/37
Formal and informal economies are not separate — they are constantly interweaving, mixing. The borders between the formal and informal are often very blurred — a formal action is built upon informal foundation; an informal worker is doing a formal job; a formal company is renting from informal landlord. These formal and informal layers can be stacked infinitely, creating a clew, which is impossible to untie.
In result, the formal and informal are extremely tightly tied together — one cannot simply dismantle the clew and separate one from another. Knowing that, how should we treat the informal? Can we find the right balance between formal and informal? Can we find solutions in which the advantages of the informal will combine with those of the formal?
THE MARKET SHARE OF INFORMAL RENTING IS ABOUT 90% THE MARKET SHARE OF INFORMAL TAXIS IS ABOUT 70% Map of informal construction in Moscow
Data Source: Moscow Government, Incom Group
URBAN ROUTINES A collection of 37 posters about everyday life in Moscow Muscovites driving their cars, staring at their computers, shopping, raising families and watching TV — this is the lifeblood of the city. A city is several million routines, crisscrossing, free-flowing or grinding to a halt — an infinite number of daily experiences that make up the complex world of the ordinary. And it is a world that is under-researched. Urban Routines is the theme of Strelka’s current academic year. Student research and public lectures have aspired to build an understanding of Moscow through the daily movements and rituals of Muscovites. By going out into the city and collecting their own empirical data, the students were able to begin challenging the questionable statistics and the prevailing clichés that still define Moscow. Looking more closely at the city they thought they knew, they were able to begin speculating about a future Moscow, and our changing routines within it. The research is distilled here in the form of a gazette made up of 37 posters — 37 observations, statements and propositions about daily life in this city. Like a series of headlines, they present a rapid-fire despatch on the state of the city, ephemeral but meaningful.
Contributions from the postgraduate research students at the Strelka Institute Katy Asinskaya Vitaly Avdeev Dmitry Averyanov Georgy Aygunyan Alexander Ayuopov Daniele Belleri Alina Bibisheva Steven Broekhof Eduardo Cassina Asen Chumov Vlado Danailov Liva Dudareva Irina Eremenko Daniil Gavrish Anna Golovkina Sveta Gordienko Olena Grankina Yuliana Guseva Linda Högberg Andersson Pavel Ilyichev Anna Kamyshan Jurijs Kostirko Olena Kovalyova
Iana Kozak Vera Lukyanovich Anna Maikova Giulio Margheri Sabina Maslova Elena Mazina Yana Mazol Anel Moldakhmetova Nicholas Moore Sofia Novikova Albina Nurgaleeva Elina Pechonova Olga Poletkina Luba Russkikh James Schrader Roel van Herpt Edijs Vucens In addition, contributions by students from Studio Links* Lusine Arsenyan Alexandra Druzhinina Regina Magomedzagirova Nikita Rumyantsev Karolina Skvortsova Dmitry Surkov Evgeniya Chabanova
Curators Justin McGuirk, Kuba Snopek and OK-RM Graphic Designers OK-RM Exhibition Architects Mel Space Producers Evgenia Pospelova Alina Yakovleva
*Studio Links is a special project by Strelka Institute and the Economic Department of the Moscow State University. It was comprised with the masters students of the MSU and focused on the investigation of the informal economies of Moscow. Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design is a privately funded institute, based in Moscow, Russia. The institute provides a nine-month postgraduate programme in urban studies, as well as organising open lectures, workshops and events and publishing new writings on architecture, design and the city. Strelka also has a consultancy branch that consults the city on urban development projects and organises architectural competitions. For more information visit www.strelka.com