INSIGHTS

ACI Publications on Formwork

By David W. Johnston, P.E., Ph.D., FACI, F.ASCE, NAC

ACI has published three documents Formed Concrete Surface Categories that will assist in selecting, designing, and specifying formwork systems Category Description for concrete structures. The first of these releases was a new document intended to provide a means of better communicating the desired formed surface finish and quality between the engineer/architect and the contractor. The most recent releases are revisions of documents that have been staples in the formwork community for years. ACI 347.3R-13, Guide to Formed Concrete Surfaces, is an entirely new document released Concrete surface finish with Basic requirements Normal requirements Special requirements CSC1 CSC2 CSC3 CSC4 Concrete surfaces in areas with low visibility or of limited importance with regard to formed concrete surface requirements, used or covered with subsequent finish materials. Concrete surfaces where visual appearance is of moderate importance. Concrete surfaces that are in public view or where appearance is important, such as exterior or interior exposed building elements. Concrete surfaces where the exposed concrete is a prominent feature of the completed structure or visual appearance is important. in spring 2014 by ACI Committee 347, requirements that would restrict the selection, 7-10 as modified by ASCE/SEI 37-14. Analysis Formwork for Concrete. Chapters within design, or layout of the formwork. ACI 347R-14 of the shoring and reshoring process for multiACI 347.3R describe formed surfaces, basics also contains recommendations for the form- story buildings, and evaluation of concrete and of layout and design, specification, construc- work engineer that will design the formwork and structure strength to withstand shoring loads, tion, and evaluation of formed surfaces. select the components. The recommendations has been expanded in a new chapter. Design of The document’s primary function is to pro- cover topics such as loads, factors of safety, and formwork has been divided into two chapters, vide a detailed method for classifying formed shoring and bracing. The design recommen- one focusing on bending, shear, and deflection concrete surfaces. Four levels of quality, called dations for concrete lateral pressure have been of wall, slab, and column formwork members, Concrete Surface Categories (CSC), are clas- revised to a tabular presentation for a more direct and a second focusing on shoring and bracing sified based on the visibility of the completed understanding, and the provisions for wind load members. Bridge formwork considerations have surface as well as the importance of its visual magnitudes and minimums have been clari- been moved into a separate chapter. A new chapappearance (see Table). For each CSC, quali- fied. The chapter on materials has been revised ter summarizing the recommendations of ACI ties such as texture, surface void ratio, color to reflect the changes in many material design 347.3R on specifying and evaluating formed uniformity, surface irregularities, and treat- specifications and standards used in formwork. concrete surfaces has been added. ments of construction joints are defined. The Additional information that can be helpful This edition also reflects changes in wood design guide also discusses phases of construction for all parties includes chapters on architec- recommendations of the AWC NDS-2012 with relating to concrete surfaces, from planning, tural concrete, special structures, and special 2013 addendum, and introduces load and resisselection of materials, and construction and construction methods. These have been gener- tance factor design (LRFD) for wood formwork repair procedures through the acceptance of ally revised to reflect current practice. members in addition to the primary coverage a concrete surface. Ultimately, ACI 347.3R- ACI SP-4 Formwork for Concrete, 8th edi- based on allowable stress design (ASD) proce13 can help the project owner, design team, tion, was released in October, 2014. Formwork dures. The recent recommendations of other contractor, formwork supplier, concrete sup- for Concrete has been and continues to be a ACI committees have also been considered in the plier, and all other parties involved in the cooperative effort supported by individuals, manual revisions and some related OSHA proviconstruction process in reaching a specific companies, public agencies, and industry and sions have been extracted for convenient reference understanding of how a desired as-cast con- professional associations. In large measure, in the appendix. The extensive glossary of terms crete surface can be defined and produced. this is due to the groundwork laid and respect has been updated to reflect the latest changes ACI 347R-14, Guide to Formwork for for Formwork for Concrete garnered through in ACI 347R and ACI Concrete Terminology. Concrete, presents the recommendations the pioneering efforts of the late Mary K. Revising and bringing an iconic document of ACI Committee 347, based on changes Hurd, the previous author of SP-4. up-to-date included reference to the latest design that have accumulated in the 10 years since As a member and past Chair of ACI Committee standards, design methods, procedures, products, the previous edition was published in 2004. 347, the author was tasked to revise and update and both revised and new worked examples. By providing guidance regarding contract for the new edition. The eighth edition, as all Nearly 500 modern color photographs were documents, selection of formwork, and use of previous editions, follows the most recent guide- selected to enable the eighth edition of Formwork formwork, the document serves as a reference lines established by ACI Committee 347 and for Concrete to be the first edition in full color.▪ for design architects and engineers, formwork documented in the committee report, now ACI engineers, and contractors. 347R-14, which is reprinted in full in the appen- David Johnston is the Edward I. Weisiger For easy reference, the document lists items dix. This new edition of Formwork for Concrete Distinguished Professor Emeritus in that should be indicated in the contract docu- considers the updated lateral pressure and Construction Engineering at North Carolina ments by the engineer/architect. Examples other provisions now provided by ACI 347R. State University. He is active in the technical include materials and accessories; finishes; design, Expanded coverage is provided in SP-4 for wind committees of ACI and ASCE. David can be inspection, and approval responsibilities; and any loads on formwork specialized from ASCE/SEI reached at johnston@ncsu.edu.

ADAPT Corporation

Phone: 650-306-2400 Email: fl orian@adaptsoft.com Web: www.adaptsoft.com Product: ADAPT-ABI 4D Description: Easy-to-use and practical software for 4D construction phase analysis of any segmentally constructed bridge. ABI calculates time-dependent behavior of concrete, tendons, and stays. Particularly well suited for balanced cantilever and spliced girder bridges. Handles geometry, camber, and stress control during construction and reports service load design values.

Albina Co., Inc.

Phone: 866-252-4628 Email: info@albinaco.com Web: www.albinaco.com Product: Curved and Rolled Steel Description: Produce virtually any metal component that needs to bend or curve. Impeccable reputation in the steel bending and fabrication industry for producing diffi cult and unusual parts. Pipe, tube, structural steel, pate and specialty bending and rolling for structural, architectural, industrial, manufacturing, ornamental and recreational applications.

Applied Science International, LLC

Phone: 919-645-4090 Email: khalilaa@appliedscienceint.com Web: www.appliedscienceint.com Product: Extreme Loading for Structures Description: Streamlines the process of analyzing 3D structural models with static/dynamic loads including staged construction, blast, earthquake, impact, progressive collapse, and wind. Fully automated during elastic and inelastic modes with automatic yielding of reinforcement, detection/generation of plastic hinges, buckling/post-buckling, crack propagation, membrane action & P-Delta eff ect, and separation of elements.

Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Phone: 919-782-8062 Email: barbara.day@bentley.com Web: www.bentley.com Product: LEAP, RM, and OpenBridge Modeler Description: Address complex modeling, design, and analysis of all bridge types on both existing and new structures. Enriched problem solving at every stage, from planning, design, and engineering to construction simulation and analysis. Your result – remarkably better engineered bridges. Th e software’s capabilities will enable on time and under budget projects.

CTS Cement Manufacturing Corporation

Phone: 800-929-3030 Email: jong@ctscement.com Web: www.ctscement.com Product: CTS Type-K Cement ShrinkageCompensating Concrete Description: Successfully used in over 800 bridge decks since the 1960s. SCC characteristics include reduced permeability, excellent durability and little to no cracks, increasing the concrete life cycle of the decks and lowering maintenance costs. Product: Rapid Set® Low-P™ Cement Description: Performance characteristics of latex modifi ed concrete – very early (LMC-VE), but with in-place costs like LMC and micro-silica fume concrete. Complete bridge deck overlays faster with better quality, long-term performance, and an in-place cost that’s less than traditional Portland cement concrete.

Dlubal Software, Inc.

Phone: 267-702-2815 Email: info-us@dlubal.com Web: www.dlubal.com Product: RFEM Description: Capable of linear, non-linear, static and dynamic analysis, complete with moving load generation, cable form-fi nding, parametric modeling, and multiple material considerations. Th e powerful yet user friendly FEA software is seamless in the design and analysis of pedestrian and highway cable-stayed, suspension, arch, and beam bridge structures.

IES, Inc.

Phone: 800-707-0816 Email: info@iesweb.com Web: www.iesweb.com Product: IES VisualAnalysis Description: You may not need the longest span, like Golden Gate or Roman arch. Just analyze your footbridge plan; then celebrate as people march for engineers of local fame: designers of a gorgeous frame.

MDX Software

Phone: 573-446-3221 Email: sales@mdxsoftware.com Web: www.mdxsoftware.com Product: MDX Software Curved & Straight Steel Bridge Design & Rating Description: Used by many top design fi rms and DOTs to design and rate steel girder bridges for compliance with AASHTO Specifi cations: 7th Edition LRFD Bridge Design Specifi cations, 2nd Edition Manual for Bridge Evaluation (LRFR), and 17th Edition AASHTO Standard Specifi cation for Allowable Stress Design and Load Factor Design.

Opti-Mate, Inc.

Phone: 610-530-9031 Email: optimate@enter.net Web: www.opti-mate.com Product: Bridge Engineering Software Description: For steel, prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete bridges using Merlin Dash, horizontally curved steel I-girder or box girders using Descus I or Descus II, truss bridges using TRAP and the SABRE software for sign structures.

All Resource Guide forms for the 2016 Editorial Calendar are now available on the website, www.STRUCTUREmag.org. Listings are provided as a courtesy. STRUCTURE® magazine is not responsible for errors. POSTEN Engineering Systems

Phone: 510-275-4750 Email: sales@postensoft.com Web: www.postensoft.com Product: POSTEN X Description: Th e most effi cient & comprehensive post-tensioned concrete software in the world that, unlike other software, not only automatically designs the tendons, drapes, as well as columns, but also produces highly effi cient, cost saving, sustainable designs with automatic documentation of material savings for LEED. Th e others simply analyze – POSTEN DESIGNS.

S-FRAME Software

Phone: 203-421-4800 Email: info@s-frame.com Web: www.s-frame.com Product: S-FRAME Analysis with Integrated Concrete and Steel Design Description: A trusted industry leader for over 35 year provides a structural analysis and design environment with fully integrated steel, concrete and foundation design and optimization tools. Versatile enough for linear and advanced non-linear analysis, commercial and industrial structures, international design constraints, and integration with BIM and CAD links.

Product: S-FOUNDATION Description: Quickly design, analyze and detail your structure’s foundations with S-FOUNDATION, a complete foundation management solution. Run as a stand-alone application, or utilize powerful roundtripping integration links for a detailed soil-structure interaction study. Automatically creates and manages the meshed foundation model and Includes powerful import/export 3rd party links.

Simpson Strong-Tie

Phone: 800-925-5099 Email: web@strongtie.com Web: www.strongtie.com Product: Simpson Strong-Tie® Anchor Products Description: A wide range of anchoring and fastening products for concrete and masonry applications, including code-listed solutions, coldformed steel connectors, direct fastening systems, general purpose anchors and fasteners, restoration products, carbide drill bits and accessories. For more information or to download the 2016 Anchor Systems catalog, visit the website.

Product: Simpson Strong-Tie® FX-70® Structural Repair and Protection System Description: Many bridges are constructed with steel pipe and H-piles that deteriorate over time. Th e FX70 system makes in-place repair of piles possible and practical. By eliminating the need to dewater repair sites or take structures out of service, FX-70 drastically reduces the overall cost of restoring deteriorating or damaged structures.

Standards Design Group, Inc.

Phone: 800-366-5585 Email: info@standardsdesign.com Web: www.standardsdesign.com Product: Wind Loads on Structures 4 Description: Performs computations in ASCE 7-10, Chapters 26-31; also ASCE 7-98, 02, 05, Section 6. Computes wind loads by analytical method rather than the simplified method, provides basic wind speeds from a built-in version of the wind speed, allows the user to enter wind speed. WLS4 has numerous specialty calculators.

Strand7 Pty Ltd

Phone: 252-504-2282 Email: anne@beaufort-analysis.com Web: www.strand7.com Product: Strand7 Description: An advanced, general purpose, FEA system used worldwide by engineers, designers, and analysts for a wide range of structural analysis applications. It comprises preprocessing, solvers (linear and nonlinear static and dynamic capabilities) and postprocessing. Features include staged construction, a Moving Load module and quasi-static solver for shrinkage and creep/ relaxation problems.

StructurePoint

Phone: 847-966-4357 Email: info@StructurePoint.org Web: www.structurepoint.org Product: spColumn Description: Used for design of shear walls, bridge piers as well as typical framing elements in buildings and structures. It is developed for the design and investigation of reinforced concrete sections subject to combined axial and flexural loads.

Product: spMats Description: Used for analysis, design and investigation of commercial building foundations, and industrial mats and slabs on grade. It incorporates a sophisticated FEM Solver increasing capacity and substantially speeding up solutions for large and complex models.

StruM.I.S LLC

Phone: 610-280- 9840 Email: sales@strumis.com Web: www.strumis.com Product: StruM.I.S – Steel Fabrication Software Description: StruM.I.S and its various global offices has been providing best practices software solutions to the steel industry for nearly 30 years. A team of more than 100 people and 24 developers ensure StruM.I.S software meets the latest and future requirements of the industry and its leaders. Trimble

Phone: 770-426-5105 Email: kristine.plemmons@tekla.com Web: www.tekla.com Product: Tekla Structures Description: Increase productivity through higher automation of fabrication and 4D project management. Extensive range of steel profiles including elliptical and tubular, and individual connection details with welds and bolts. Drawings and reports automatically generated from the constructible 3D model. Wheeler Bridge

Phone: 952-929-7854 Email: dclemens@wheeler1982.com Web: www.wheeler-con.com Product: Recreation and Vehicle Bridges Description: Producing bridge solutions to both public and private infrastructures. Utilizing steel and timber construction, Wheeler manufactures vehicle and recreation bridges of enduring beauty and durability. Knowledgeable project advice, quality products and attention to customer service.

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