Resource Guide

ADAPT Corporation

Phone: 650-306-2400 Web: www.adaptsoft.com Product: ADAPT-PT Description: Fast, easy-to-use software for the design and investigation of post-tensioned oor systems: one-way slabs, two-way slabs, beams, wa e slabs, pan joist systems or any other con guration. Based on the equivalent frame method, ADAPT-PT produces complete design results in minutes.

CSC

Phone: 877-710-2053 Web: www.cscworld.com Product: Tedds Description: A comprehensive library of automated structural engineering calculations will speed up your daily concrete calculations. Con dently design concrete with numerous options including: RC retaining wall design, simple and continuous beam design and anchor bolt design, all to ACI 318.

CTS Cement Manufacturing

Phone: 800-929-3030 Web: www.ctscement.com Product: Rapid Set® Cement Products Description: Out performs other concrete repair materials in durability, repetitive loading, chemical attack, permeability, freeze/thaw, abrasion resistance, and shrinkage. Rapid Set gets 3000 psi in one hour, achieving structural or drive-on strength in one hour. Use for concrete repairs and new construction projects. Product: Rapid Set® UltraFlow® Precision Grout Description: O ers advantages that no other grout matches when uidity, extended working time, precision alignment, and early strength gain are needed. Non-shrink, uid for 30 minutes, workable for 1 hour, can be coated in 24 hours, and meets ASTM C1107. Exceeds 4000 psi in 8 hours.

All Resource Guides and Updates for the 2013

Editorial Calendar are now available on the website, www.STRUCTUREmag.org. Listings are provided as a courtesy. STRUCTURE® magazine is not responsible for errors.

Foundation Performance Association

FPA hosts regular events, sponsors the publication of technical papers and research material. The presentations are great for networking and low cost CEU’s. Membership is $96/yr; this can equate to CEU’s as little as $8/CEU. www.foundationperformance.org

Decon® USA Inc.

Phone: 866-332-6687 Web: www.deconusa.com Product: Studrails® Description: Decon Studrails have become the North American standard for punching shear enhancement at slab-column connections. Studrails are produced to the speci cations of ASTM A1044, ACI 318-08, and ICC ES 2494. Decon Studrails are also being increasingly used to reinforce against bursting stresses in banded post-tension anchor zones.

Digital Canal

Phone: 800-449-5033 Web: www.digitalcanal.com Product: Concrete Bundle Description: Digital Canal’s time tested Concrete Suite includes: Beam, Column, VersaFrame, Spread Footing, Multiple Load Footing, Retaining Wall, Masonry Wall and Flat Slab Analysis. We provide easy to use design and analysis software tools that the average engineers require for everyday projects. Try them free at our website.

Halfen USA

Phone: 800-426-9140 Web: www.halfenusa.com Product: Anchor Channels Description: HTA and toothed HZA cast-in hot rolled channels provide high performance adjustable connections to concrete. HALFEN channel range o ers a variety of performance characteristics for curtain wall anchoring; brick façade support; elevator and mechanical service anchoring; and structural steel to concrete connections.

Insulfoam

Phone: 800-248-5995 Web: www.insulfoam.com Product: InsulFoam® Rigid Foam Insulation Description: Insulfoam manufactures a diverse line of InsulFoam and R-Tech® brand expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation products for foundation wall and under-slab applications. e versatile products are lightweight, yet durable, and o er excellent moisture resistance and stable thermal performance.

Nemetschek Scia

Phone: 877-808-7242 Web: www.nemetschek-scia.com Product: Scia Engineer Description: Looking to migrate to, or improve your Concrete Engineering work ows? Scia Engineer links structural modeling, analysis, design, drawings, and reports in ONE program. Design to multiple codes. Tackle larger projects with advanced non-linear and dynamic analysis. Plug into BIM with IFC support, and bi-directional links to Revit, Tekla, and others.

POSTEN Engineering Systems

Phone: 510-275-4750 Web: www.postensoft.com Product: POSTEN Multistory Description: e most e cient & comprehensive post-tensioned concrete software in the world that not only automatically designs tendons, drapes, and columns, but also produces highly e cient, cost saving, sustainable designs with automatic documentation of material savings for LEED. No guessing, no ddling, no time wasting.

Powers Fasteners

Phone: 985-807-6666 Web: www.powers.com Product: Concrete Anchoring Description: FREE – Anchor Design Software – Powers Design Assist. Helps tall Building designers deal with the complexity of ACI 318 Appendix D. Powers Fasteners now has 23 Product Code Compliance ICC ES Reports! Visit our website to download the software.

Quikrete®

Phone: 800-282-5828 Web: www.quikrete.com Product: Concrete Products Description: No matter what the project, QUIKRETE gets you the commercial-grade products you need, whenever and wherever you need them. And with over 95 manufacturing plants, we can speed hundreds of high performance products right to your jobsite.

RISA Technologies

Phone: 949-951-5815 Web: www.risa.com Product: RISA-3D Description: RISA-3D is the premiere choice for the design of concrete beams and columns. With nite element analysis, the design of both conventional and unconventional framing layouts is possible. T-Beam design, biaxial column design, custom rebar layouts, and 11 di erent design codes all combine to make RISA-3D your most exible solution.

S-FRAME Software Inc.

Phone: 203-421-4800 Web: www.s-frame.com Product: S-CONCRETE Description: e fastest, easiest and most cost e ective way to design and analyze reinforced concrete columns, beams and walls, S-CONCRETE combines advanced design capabilities with state of the art analysis techniques. View interactive section design results or optionally check thousands of columns, beams and walls in one batch run.

Tilt-Up Concrete Association

Phone: 319-895-6311 Web: www.tilt-up.org Product: Tilt-Up Concrete Description: Tilt-up construction is a traditional method of building precast concrete elements on or near the job site. Nearly a billion square feet is constructed globallyeach year using this method. Access the construction and design professionals experienced in this most diverse method of construction through the global non-pro t Association.

ASCE 7 and the Standards Development Process

By Jennifer Goupil, P.E.

The consensus standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7) is developed and maintained by the Structural Engineering Institute (SEI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). One of 28 standards currently in development by SEI, ASCE 7 is the most widely used; although the process is similar for all SEI standards, ASCE 7 is unique in many ways.

History

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) published the first consensus standard for structural loads, ANSI A58.1, in 1972. In 1985, ASCE assumed responsibility for developing and disseminating the standard and received accreditation for its Codes and Standards Program from ANSI. This essentially means that ASCE created rules for its consensus process, ANSI agreed that the rules are satisfactory, and ASCE is periodically audited by ANSI to ensure that the rules are being followed. ASCE first developed its Rules for Standards Committees in the late 1970s and updates them from time to time; the current version is posted online. When ASCE assumed responsibility for the minimum loads standard, it created an open committee membership policy and increased participation from the profession. Membership on some of the subcommittees doubled, and a new process was born.

Committee

Although changes have been made since the first edition of ASCE 7 in 1988, the process is essentially the same now as it was then. A subset of the committee, typically a defined subcommittee, develops proposals for changes to the existing provisions, and the main committee vets them. Currently, a new ASCE 7 committee is formed for each development cycle. Interested participants apply for membership on the main committee, a subcommittee, or both. Members are selected for the main committee in two categories: voting and associate. There are strict balance requirements for the committee composition per the ASCE rules. The voting membership consists of a group of technical experts from a range of stakeholders. The total number of voting members is limited to approximately 50 individuals and includes the following balance requirements: • Consumers (consultants): 20-40% • Producers (vendors or industry): 20-40% • General interest (academics or others, including regulatory): 20-40% • Regulatory (building officials): 5-15% Regulatory members are identified as a special category, but for balance requirements are included under general interest. The current voting membership includes 22 consumers, 13 producers, and 20 general interest, including 4 regulatory members. Associate members must meet the same requirements to join as voting members, and have all the same rights with the exception of a counted vote. Associate members can participate in all of the ballots, and their comments must be resolved in the same manner as voting member comments. Voting and associate members combine for a total of 115 participants on the current main committee. The two membership categories enable the main committee to achieve the necessary participation to validate every ballot while allowing interested parties to participate in the process, even with limited knowledge of the technical issues. Also worth noting is that ASCE membership is not a requirement for joining an ASCE standards committee. The volunteer effort to develop ASCE 7 is unparalleled, with more than 350 main committee and subcommittee members participating.

Process

What does it mean to be a consensus standard? Consensus is a process for group decision making that seeks consent from all participants. This means that all voices are heard and vetted; it does not, however, mean that everyone agrees! Relative to standards development, the consensus process includes balloting by the balanced committee and a public review period. Within the ASCE 7 committee, development efforts generally begin with the subcommittees. Individual members or small groups begin by developing proposals, which typically are generated from two sources: items unresolved from the previous standard cycle, or new ideas or information impacting the provisions. Additionally, ASCE 7 employs a “Call for Proposals” period, during which the public can submit proposals to the main committee for consideration. Once a proposal is generated, it is sent to the full subcommittee to be “balloted,” which is the term used for the evaluation process or voting. Every ballot is open for a finite period of time, and when it closes, any and all comments must be resolved. The original proposal is often modified and then re-balloted until it passes and all comments are resolved. This cycle can take multiple attempts for many proposals, as the consensus process ensures wide participation. Once the proposal passes the subcommittee ballot, it is ready for the main committee to ballot. This cyclic process continues at a larger scale with the main committee. Comments are given back to the subcommittees to resolve in the same way discussed above. This cycle occurs at the main committee several times until all ballots are passed and all comments are resolved. Proposals not passed by the main committee do not make it into the standard even if passed by the subcommittee. The last step in the consensus process is public comment. This is a minimum period of 45 days, during which anyone can submit comments to the main committee. As with every previous ballot, every comment must be resolved. Once the public comments are resolved, the standard is ready for publication and adoption into the building code … which is another process entirely!

Conclusion

ASCE 7 is developed within a six-year cycle by a diverse and dedicated committee of volunteers under highly structured, well-established rules that encourage wide participation by all stakeholders. The next edition of ASCE 7 will be published in 2016. To learn more about ASCE 7 and ASCE/ SEI standards development, or to apply for membership on a particular committee, visit www.ASCE.org/SEI. ▪

Jennifer Goupil, P.E. (jgoupil@asce.org), is the director of the Structural Engineering Institute (SEI).

A Treasure Box for Dalí

By Scott D. Martin, P.E., LEED AP BD+C

Walter P Moore was an Outstanding Award Winner for the Salvador Dalí Museum project in the 2012 NCSEA Annual Excellence in Structural Engineering awards program (Category – New Buildings $10M to $30M).

The largest collection of Salvador Dalí’s art outside of his hometown in Spain is not in the Louvre, or a New York museum, but in St. Petersburg, Florida. Since the original Salvador Dalí Museum was opened in 1982, it was evident that the converted waterfront warehouse facility that housed the collection was too small and did not provide adequate protection from flooding and hurricanes. To build a new iconic facility that would not only protect Dalí’s artwork, but would also attract worldwide attention, the Museum’s Board of Directors hired internationally-renowned architect Yann Weymouth and his team at HOK, along with the structural engineering firm of Walter P Moore, to design the new museum. All parties recognized that the new iconic museum needed to be designed for at least a 100-year life; however, the new site was only 200 feet away from Tampa Bay and five feet above sea level. Seasonal hurricanes can bring high winds and a storm surge of up to 25 feet. To protect the priceless collection, the building pad was raised four feet, the structure was designed to resist wind speeds of 165 mph (42 mph above code minimums), and all gallery spaces, the vault, and rare book library were located on the upper floors. An economical reinforced one-way, castin-place concrete slab and beam system was selected for the structural system. To create attractive exposed walls throughout the building, unfinished and architecturally exposed cast-in-place walls were used in lieu of architectural precast. Using exposed, unpainted concrete as the load-bearing structure and the architectural finish created several challenges: • Water Migration. 18-inch thick walls were specified, using a dense concrete mix with a low water-cement ratio, high cementitious material content, and 20% fly-ash replacement to minimize permeability of the concrete.

Penetron crystalline waterproofing admixture virtually eliminated any water infiltration. This water-activated admixture, which forms a crystalline structure in the pores in the concrete, was particularly important in the areas

where the glazing abuts the outer wall surface to prevent any water that seeps into the wall concrete from migrating around the glazing joints. • Uniform, Blemish-Free Surface. The traditional method of pouring a concrete building, with pour joints below and above each floor level, was not desirable in the exposed walls.

The walls were poured full height floor-to-floor in 14-foot lifts, and the floor and roof structures were keyed in and mechanically doweled to the inside face of the walls. The

Self-Consolidating Concrete flowed around door and window openings, minimizing surface blemishes. • Openings. There are numerous potential holes in the concrete shell. Seven of

Dalí’s master works are on display in the main gallery and are naturally illuminated by light-directing skylights.

Over the impact-resistant glass skylights, retractable aluminum covers are moved into place before a storm to take the initial impact force from flying storm debris. The largest potential hole, however, is the primary glazing system that encompasses the grand central atrium. The “Enigma” was designed to withstand the code minimum storm, but could not be designed to resist the 165-mph storm threshold and maintain its aesthetic quality. Assuming the Enigma system could be breached in the worst of storms, the interior walls and doors enclosing the gallery and vault spaces were designed for exterior exposure and 165-mph winds. The “Enigma” and the smaller “Igloo” freeform glazing systems that encompass the lobby atrium and multi-purpose room are made up of more than 1,000 individual glass panels held in place by interior steel space frames connected to the concrete superstructure. HOK worked closely with glazing designer Novum Structures to define the shapes of the Enigma and Igloo, while Walter P Moore and Novum developed attachment strategies and details.

Courtesy of Moris Moreno Photography.

This was the first application where Novum’s free-form glazing system would be fixed on all sides and serve as the primary weather barrier. The welded connections along all sides of the frame, especially a frame with three dimensions and re-entrant corners, produced unmanageably large thermal stresses, which were controlling the design of the steel frame and the foundations. By allowing vertical movement of the frames at the base, the maximum design forces greatly decreased and foundation uplift was eliminated. Paying tribute to Dalí’s fascination with DNA structure and the Golden Section, a helical spiral shape was used for the grand stair connecting the ground floor to the galleries 30 feet above. The 41-inch deep wall stringer is the primary load-carrying element for the stair, while the treads and landings cantilever off of the stringer and add lateral stiffness to help prevent unwinding. During construction, the stair was un-shored and re-shored between concrete lifts before locking it into the 3rd floor structure. This construction sequence minimized stresses in the stair and allowed most of the natural deflection of the coiled shape to be built into the treads and risers as the stair was erected. The new $30 million, 66,400 square-foot museum is truly the crown jewel in the revitalization of St. Petersburg and the Tampa Bay area, and is a fitting architectural tribute to the talents of Salvador Dalí.▪ Scott D. Martin, P.E., LEED AP BD+C, is a senior associate with Walter P Moore in its Tampa office and was the Structural Project Manager for the Salvador Dalí Museum. He can be reached at SMartin@walterpmoore.com.