Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2019 Tianyu Liu
(980346) Shiqi Tang Studio 31
Critical Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age
Kolerevic described three fundamental types of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling. (150 words max)
The three fundamental fabrication techniques are subtractive, additive and formative fabrication. Subtractive fabrication: removing the target volume from solids by electronical, chemical or mechanical (multi-axis milling) methods. Three-axis milling has limitation in horizontal direction so that five- and six-axis milling system were developed. Additive fabrication: adding material in a “layer-by-layer fashion�. E.g., Laminated Object Manufacture and 3D printing. Formative fabrication: reshaping of deforming the material to aiming shape by applying mechanical forces, heat or steam and restricting forms. CNC fabrication with parametric modelling make the fabrication more precise and having a wider range of possibilities in terms of the shape and volume. The design could be more logical and accurate.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation
The script started with creation of a bounding box (150*150*150). The method to create surfaces was by using gh to choose 4 different points on the edge of the box, controlled by parametric variables. Once surfaces got created, paneling tools in gh were used to create patterns on surfaces.
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These four iterations of surface were further developed in matrix, see details in p.8.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation
In this process, I found that the surface could be very ‘twisted’ or relatively ‘flat’. Even the flat ones could have interesting variations like the shape could be close to rectangle, parallelogram, or trapezoid. The ‘twister’ themselves are quite interesting. In the end I choose to make one surface be flat and one surface be twisted.
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Isometric View
The paneling of the two surfaces combines 2D and 3D patterns. The majority of the 2D
The waffle structure contains two 4*4 vertical fins on two opposite sides and four hori-
patterns are the holes on the 3D pyramids. The holes make the surface having a fun porosity.
zontal rings in order to divide the surface into 5*5 grid, corresponding to the 5*5 grid of the pattern. It is reasonably loose. The waffle structure contains two 4*4 vertical fins on two opposite sides and four horizontal rings in order to divide the surface into 5*5 grid, corresponding to the 5*5 grid of the pattern. It is reasonably loose. The contrast
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Laser Cutting
600.00
600.00
I arranged the pattern of two surfaces on two separate sheets, and the waffle on half of one sheet to share the material with my classmate.
980346 Tianyu Liu
Sheet 01 of 02
980346 Tianyu Liu
Sheet 02 of 02
900.00
900.00
Pattern laser cut file sheet 01
Pattern laser cut file sheet 02
The process of making the laser cut file of patterns was mainly unrollsrf, dupedge, offset to create tabs and trim the excessive lines. The shapes were arrganged in order (i.e. corresponding to the rows & columns on the panel) so that I could assemble them easily. The first time (test one) of laser cutting patterns was failed. I only tested four pieces to see any mistakes I might have. I did make the inner lines on the etch layer, but I did some of them by copy rather than move to the layer. Hence some the tabs were cut.
600.00
The process of making the file of waffle was straight forward by following the workshop.
980346 Tianyu Liu
Sheet 01 of 01
900.00
Waffle laser cut file 7
Surfaces
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
{0,0,150}
{15,0,150}
{0,15,150}
{135,0,150} {150,60,150}
{75,150,150}
{150,15,150}
{150,0,135}
{150,90,150}
{150,30,150}
{75,150,150}
{0,0,45} {150,0,105}
{150,60,150}
{150,0,90} {0,105,0}
{75,0,0}
{150,120,0}
{150,0,45}
{0,120,0}
{15,150,0} {45,150,0} {150,135,0}
{60,0,0}
{150,150,135}
{150,150,120}
{150,150,90}
{45,150,0}
{150,120,0}
{0,105,0}
{120,150,0}
{135,150,0}
(attracted if applicable) Offset Grids
{location of corners }
{location of corners }
2.1
2.2
{7,17,167}
{location of corners }
{location of corners }
2.3
2.4
{-38,257,277}
{-71,-114,-9}
{399,139,56} {150,292,126}
{129,257,-48}
Panel ctrated
{Attracting Point}
{Attracting Point}
Without using attracting points
{Attracting Point}
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Matrix and Possibilities
I changed the variable parameters to change the shape of two surfaces. The offset grids of three iterations were attracted by attracting points and the grids of the other one was not. This is to test out the effect of the attracting points. Different geometries (including 2D & 3D) were test.
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SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Photography of Model
On each surface I chose a point of the corner to be the highest point, and the diagonal corner to be the lowest. Hence there is a sense of ‘growing’ on the surface. Generally, the ‘flat’ surface has higher 3D patterns than the ‘twisted’ surface and undulation is more apparent. This is aimed to create a contrast of surface and the patterns. Since the ‘twisted’ panel is sort of facing down, most of it is in the shadows. Thus on the top corner the four grids with opening is where light could penetrate. On the other panel, the 2D openings are mostly facing upwards.
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Visual Scripting of Parametric Model
The script began with a 150*150*150bounding box. Next was to create small grids and adjust the shape by attractor. The centroids of geometries are the center point of the small grids attracted by another attracting point. Lastly by setting a geometry the Boolean town is created.
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SOLID AND VOID
Surface Creation
In the first two iterations the script from workshop was used and was not changed too much. I tested that the outcome of changing parameters. In the third iteration I tried to create and set my own geometry to make the Boolean town more interesting.
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SOLID AND VOID Isometric view
This isometric view of the sectioned 150*150*150 Boolean town captures interesting spatial qualities. Since the Boolean geometry has twisting cylindrical body and flat caps, the Boolean town created was then having both curvy organic and sharp flat faces. The holes they created are irregular shapes rather than simple circle like the previous iterations. Some of the edges have combination of straight line and curvy lines. The void ‘inside’ the Boolean town also changes. It has somewhere large empty void and somewhere parochial space formed by crowded edges.
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Matrix and Possibilities 3D Grid mesh contener
1.1
1.2 {113,-173,228}
1.3
{-130,-461,273}
{-178,-207,150}
1.4
{228,-207,66}
{200,113,180}
{43,246,-26}
{342,113,-49}
Attracted geometry centroids
{Attracting points for the grid (box) }
{Attracting points for the grid (box) }
2.1
2.2
{221,246,0}
{Attracting points for the grid (box) }
{Attracting points for the grid (box) }
2.3
2.4
{210,122,88}
{77,-42,88}
{28,-42,23}
{172,208,-37} {Attracting Point for the geometry centroids}
{Attracting Point for the geometry centroids}
{Attracting Point for the geometry centroids}
{Attracting Point for the geometry centroids}
Boolean Geometry and Bounding box
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Subtracted box and chosen Small parts
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
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SOLID AND VOID Matrix and Possibilities
Task B Matrix on Porosity was the major element tested in the Boolean towns. In the third iteration a geometry having many layers itself was used to be subtracted, so the access to the opening on side has multiple layers to going through. The last one I chose to be the final design.
Porosity
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First iteration
Second iteration
The major spatial condition tested in the first two iterations was porosity. I tried to have one opening on side in the first version. Then I tried to have more openings on different sides in second version. The shape of openings was controlled (one closed circler and others were semicircle). The spatial quality in the second version has been developed. It forms a semi closed space with two vertical plane and an overhead plane while the first one only has one vertical plane and a ground plane. The second iteration create shadow below the top plane and allow light to penetrate through the ‘skylight’.
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SOLID AND VOID Photography of Model
Porosity was explored deeper in the final design, as well as density and edge condition. Looking from outside this fragment is mostly formed by sharp, flat planes with circular opening. While with the change of view point more variation could be seen. Some of the vertical supports are super thin and some are thick. They are mot simple columns but have a combination of straight and curvy lines.
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Appendix Process
In this stage I used some undevelopable geometry to generate the panel and eventually failed.
Waffle structure gh script. Ajustments were made from the workshop script to fit my own surfaces.
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Appendix Process
Laser cut test print and Failure: Wrong arrangment of layer leads to the fail of tabs. Did not turn on bakcface color so some of the patterns are fliped and assembled in wrong way.
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Appendix Process
Task A model making process.
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Another piece of 3D print. It is very similar to my first attend so I choose not to include it in the formal jounal pages.
Do printing with other students could save cost. Print mode should be set as custom setting: digital design.
Final 3D print, takes about 1.5hr.