51 turn the page | february 2015
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“A strong body makes the mind strong”
Thomas Jefferson
FEATURE Designing Heineken HOW IT’S MADE Ready For Take Off: Drones 51 | February 2015
CONTENT
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index Editorial Upcoming Coverstory Design Everywhere Study association i.d Feature How It’s Made Interview One To Watch Student Feature New Tech Exhibition Contest Do It Yourself Test Case Feature Alumni Feature Alumni Inspiration Feature Sponsors What The Feature?! Gadgets
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02 04 07 12 14 20 22 24 26 28 30 33 34 36 38 40 42 44 45 46 48 49 50
Active Design Biomimicry Chair Drones Alec Momont Chudy and Grase Blue Dot Big Data Dopper Winners Design Lamp Get up, Stand up Stolen Design Mischa Meekes Hospital Environments Keep Fueled Fluorescence Designing Heineken TOPdesk Fish on Wheels
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COVERSTORY
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COVERSTORY
ENCOURAGING HEALTHY BEHAVIOUR THROUGH DESIGN Product design should make life easier, by simply solving our problems. This is what the basic idea of product design used to be. But recently there has been some doubt on this ideology, because it has led to a new problem: inactivity. Inactivity forms a major health risk. Can designers turn the tide? Can you make people move, act or change by design, and how? text by Martha Kuijpers layout by Tom Gudde and Martha Kuijpers
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owadays, we make coffee with a single click of a button, we work from home, talk to our friends through apps on our mobile phones, we ‘visit’ people through Facetime, we buy books for our e-readers, we shop and order food online. It seems as if in the 21st century, technology has made our lives so easy we could spend an entire week sitting at home without getting bored or missing out. Every need can be fulfilled while lying on the couch or sitting behind a desk. Obviously, this is not the way the human body was designed to function. This inactive lifestyle can cause considerable health problems.
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THE ETHICAL ISSUE OF INACTIVITY There are quite some designers who agree that people are getting inactive by making more new technology-based designs. They question to what degree people want their lives to be automated. Smart technologies and automation make people’s lives easier, but is it the same as making their lives better? Other designers and researchers think that people should be free to decide how to cope with new technologies. It’s the parents’ responsibility whether or not they allow their children to game all day, not the responsibility of the game designer. Besides, new technologies give us more time to do other things as well, such as working out at the gym or going for a walk.
THE EXTENT OF INACTIVITY Omitting the ethical issues of new technology design, the problems that come with it are certainly on a society level. People are sitting during the day and looking at a computer screen more and more. Sedentary lifestyles double the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity. Additionally, it increases the risks of colon cancer, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, lipid disorders, depression and anxiety. According to the World Health Organization, 60 to 85% of people in the world —from both developing and developed
february 2015 | turn the page
COVERSTORY
countries— lead sedentary lifestyles, making it one of the more serious yet insufficiently addressed public health problems of our time. It is estimated that nearly two out of three children is insufficiently active as well, with serious implications for their future health. Even when people meet physical activity guidelines, sitting for prolonged periods can compromise metabolic health. This means working out two hours a day doesn’t take away the problems of a sedentary lifestyle. Sitting decreases the local contractile stimulation in your muscles and this leads to a reduced glucose uptake, which, in turn, weakens the muscles. Designers are trying to change unhealthy behaviour by encouraging people to move with product design.
WHAT ARCHITECTS DO In architecture, this kind of design is called ‘Active Design’. It states that buildings, streets and neighbourhoods should promote physical activity and health with their designs. Daily physical activity is increased by making stairs more visible and by providing inviting streetscapes for pedestrians and cyclists. Also access to parks, open spaces and recreational facilities are improved by Active Design. Though Active Design can significantly contribute to promoting healthier lifestyles, this strategy alone will not solve inactivity as a whole.
Changing work habits
As most people spend lots of time at their work, many health innovations are applied to office products. At work, people sit in front of a computer most of the day. The number of sedentary jobs has increased 83% since 1950. There are many chairs available that encourage people to active sitting: which means you continuously change your posture. This way your muscles are not loaded for a long period of time. The idea of these chairs is to make sitting ‘uncomfortable’ by supporting your body only a little bit, so you change position from time to time. Another solution is standing desks: tables that have an adjustable height. For the fanatics: there are also deskbikes (a fitness bike combined with a desk) or walkdesks (a desk with a fitness treadmill). However, it is still unclear what the effects are on work productivity and efficiency.
Changing gaming habits
Even in gaming, where you are used to only move your hands, there is a shift towards ‘exergaming’. These kind of games make us exercise by being physically involved in the game. Think of the Wii Fit, and games that are integrated in a fitness bicycle or other fitness products. Exergames surely make exercise much more fun, but can it replace regular gaming altogether? <
WHAT PRODUCT DESIGNERS DO Changing exercise levels: wristbands
In product design it seems as if the amount of products that stimulate movement or exercise is increasing as well. Wristbands like Fitbits, Jawbone UPs and Nike+ Fuelbands can track movement, sleep and nutrition. In this way, they offer people insight in their current habits. Furthermore, they stimulate to live a healthier life, by making suggestions and realistic challenges to help people improve their habits, and to get family and friends do it with them. These behavioural changes can be easily noticed because the behaviour is registered every day.
Changing eating habits
Not only wristbands encourage healthy living; there are also products that ensure you don’t eat too much. Recently, a product called HAPIfork was released. It vibrates when you’re eating too quickly. It also measures how long it took you to eat your meal, the amount of ‘fork servings’ taken per minute and the intervals between those fork servings. It generates a lot of data (especially for a fork) that gives you insight in your eating habits. Though it is a way to change people’s eating behaviour, it is questionable whether this concept is useful, since you don’t eat hamburgers with a fork. Also, people will first have to feel the need to buy a HAPIfork.
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COVERSTORY
DESIGN FOR BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
Start
All these designs that aim to make a better world by telling people to have a more healthy lifestyle, belong to design that changes behaviour. But what is behavioural design and how can you change behaviour in design? Can you make people move, act or change by design?
Cue
Reaction
Within the last decade, there has been an enormous growth in research on behavioural economics, psychology, and persuasive technology. While studying social and cognitive psychology can help designers learn how people think, design for behaviour change books shows designers what they can do about it. It is about understanding the basic intentions driving human behaviour and determining how much motivation users require in order to change their behaviour. In his book ‘Designing for behaviour change’, Stephen Wendel describes a step-by-step approach to applying behavioural economics and psychology to product design. The described design method in this article is based on this book, though there are more design methods available.
Evaluation
Ability
How people decide to take action
The most important thing to understand to design for behaviour is the psychology of taking action. Five things need to happen beforehand:
Timing
First he person responds to a cue (trigger) that starts him thinking about the action. Then, his intuitive mind automatically reacts to the idea (also known as first impression). After this, his conscious mind evaluates the idea, in terms of costs and benefits. Directly followed by that, he checks if he has the ability to act: he should know what to do, have what he needs to do it and believe he can complete the action. Eventually, he determines if it is the right time to act: whether it is urgent or not. If the person passes these five stages, he will execute the action. Together these form the mnemonic ‘CREATE’. This can be visualized like a funnel. At each stage at the CREATE funnel, people drop off because they don’t see the cue, don’t have the ability nor think it’s urgent. They can be distracted to something else and fail to execute the action.
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Execute action Finish
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CHANGING BEHAVIOUR THROUGH DESIGN Def ining the target action
We have to make sure the five steps of (desired) action are executed. How do we do this? We have to decide what the target action is, and break it down into concrete steps that the user needs to complete (for example: 10 steps of running 500m). These steps should be easy to understand, easy to complete, small, meaningful enough to reward after completion, doable in the given time (look at CREATE). This sounds easy, but it is really important to define the steps well in order to make people act.
Designers can change behaviour
Back to the products that are already designed. Having read about design for behaviour, you have probably noticed it is certainly possible to change behaviour with design. But looking at the products mentioned in this article, you can easily find out which products will and won’t change behaviour and where they can be improved, based on the CREATE action funnel. For every problem there is a solution, but you always have to consider whether the product is actually attractive to use. If it is not, it will most likely not change society. Products should make life easier, but also motivate people to stay active as well. -
Def ining the motivation of your target group
Always keep in mind who your target group is, not everyone will act the same way to a trigger! It all depends on how motivated your target group is. If they are already motivated, only implement signals (reminders for the behaviour) are needed, such as an iPhone push notification that suggests to go running 5km. Is your target group motivated, but it doesn’t have the ability? Implement facilitators that simplify the task and create a way that they can progress and work to a final goal. Is your target group not motivated? Consider again if you want to target this group, only do so if you have no other choice. Trying to change behaviour of unmotivated people is very difficult. If you have figured out the motivation of your target group: think about the reward after completion as well. Rewards are very important to keep people’s motivation high for a long time.
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Study association i.d
As you might know, the previous edition was this magazineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fiftieth. For this joyful occassion, the committee organised a jubilee exhibition. For one week, people had the chance to see all fifty TTPs on top of having the chance to win an aluminum Dopper. Were you one of the lucky ones? Turn to page 33 to find out!
Multiple times a year, new committees get to present themselves to all i.d-Members. On the 2nd of December, it was up to the IO Festival , Yearbook and FlightCase to present their plans and aspirations and receive feedback of their fellow members in return.
To thank all our hard-working committee members, the board organises committee trips several times a year. This time, members of all kinds of committees had to team and take it up against each other in a maddeningly awesome race through the idyllic streets of Delft.
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Study association i.d
On November 20th, the place we all know and love as i.d-Kafee suddenly wasn’t the same anymore. Our beloved Kafee was torn between heaven and hell, but that didn’t stop the freshmen to make the most out of their party. It was one hell of a night: thank you freshmen committee for doing a terrific job!
On November 27th, Actid organised their first lunch lecture for this year, on the subject ‘Desiging with Bioplastics’. Seeing that this is something we - as industrial design engineers to be - will have to do more and more, the lecture was right on trend and quite inspirational for all attendants.
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Study association i.d
Like every year, our dearest Sinterklaas hasn’t passed on visiting the last i.dKafee before December 5th. With wise words ready for every listening ear and healthy appetite for beer (and more) Sinterklaas remains our favourite visitor.
In a general members’ assembly, the i.d-Board presents their plans and actions. As a member, you can vote for all these plans and have a say in the decisions being made. Want to attend one of these meetings? On March 3rd, the next GMA will take place. Keep an eye on the i.d-Column for more information.
As a design student, being able to make an impeccable presentation to advocate your design is almost as important as being able to design something good. However, that isn’t really something you learn automatically. Study association i.d’s PR committee was so kind to make you able by organising an InDesign workshop. Do want to enhance your skills with other Adobe programs as well? Keep an eye on the i.d-Column for more information.
This year, the EXid X committee decided to show their fellow travelers the wonders of Prague. For a long weekend they’ve explored the city: its nightlife, its rich culture and its numerous possibilities.
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Study association i.d
After the Freshmenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s party and Sinterklaas Kafee, i.d-Kafee wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t done partying yet. On the 10th of December, the committee organised a party of their own: sleepless in dreamworld, giving party people an excuse to dance the night away in their pyjamas. Sleepless nights have never been so good!
To begin our Christmas holidays with a good mood and a filled stomach, Actid organised a festive Chrismas lunch complete with champagne, Christmas stollen, fruit and all other kinds of deliciousness. With over fifty people attending, the Actid committee had their hands full and can be certain that their lunch was successful.
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Study association i.d
i.day: committee interest market
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Do you want to join forces with fellow students and organise one of the many activities Study association i.d offers their members? On February 11th previous committees can tell you all about what it’s like to be in an i.d-Committee. Be sure to come by during the lunch break!
boqrd interest lunch Do you want to know what it is like to be in the board of Study association i.d for a year? Visit the board interest lunch and you can get all your questions answered, including the ones you didn’t even know you wanted to ask in the first place.
Cases on Tour 1 On February 23rd, this year’s first Cases on Tour will take place. At this moment the subscriptions have already been closed, but you do have a chance to participate in the second edition. Keep an eye on the website and the i.d-Column for more information.
General members’ assembly 3 In the next GMA, our treasurer will tell you more about i.d’s financial situation and the way in which all our assets are divided over our committees. Furthermore, the board will tell you about the progress they’ve made in making the association even better. We will keep you updated on more details concerning the assembly.
Kafeest 2 Even though Kafeest 1 seems like it was only two days ago and we’ve just gotten our pyjamas clean, it is already time for a new Kafeest. The theme has yet to be announced, but we’re sure it will be just as unforgettable as last time. Be sure to save the date!
Spring Trip A little later than usual this year, but just as exciting: Spring Trip! This year we will take you to Istanbul to visit Turkish companies, to get to know the culture, and to discover what Turkish design is like. Keep an eye on the website to subscribe.
IDE business fair
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On the 18th and 19th of March it’s time for the IDE Business Fair again. Whether you’re looking for an internship, a graduation project or a job, there is a suitable company for pretty much anything you aspire.
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Study association i.d
What’s new in education? What is i.d-Education? i.d-Education is a relatively large committee, and brings together all student representatives of the education-related committees at our faculty, with the purpose of exchanging information and organising activities together. Let us start with the student representatives of the OKIO (Opleidings Commissie IO): this includes one student for each education program, so Bachelor, IPD, DfI, and SPD. The commissioner of education of Study association i.d, who is also the chairman of the i.dEducation committee, is, of course, representative of the study association. The OKIO continuously evaluates the quality of education and gives advice to the Faculty’s board of directors of education.
i.d-Education is the committee that represents the interests of the students in the organisation of the faculty and education. We know this might all seem a bit fuzzy, and that you probably ask yourself ‘How do they do it?’ – so here is a little explanation.
This brings us to the Student representative in the Faculty’s board of directors of education and the Examination committee (Studentlid Opleidingsdirectie), who formally acts independently. The Faculty’s board of directors of education (OD) decides on everything that has to do with the organisation of education – think of course content, learning objectives, assigning course coordinators and etcetera. Last but not least, the entire FSR (Facultaire Studentenraad) is part of i.d-Education. The FSR is also formally independent, and is of course chosen by the students. The FSR has regular meetings with our dean, Ena Voûte, and makes sure via different ways that the faculty listens to its students. What we’ve done so far So, long story short, we are very busy representing students in all kinds of meetings. But to get the information from our students to the faculty, we of course first need to harvest some input. So what did we organise this quarter? First the quarterly Coffee Week. You know the drill – free coffee in exchange for a complaint or suggestion. Some anonymous students seized the opportunity to tell us that the committee
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members are too sexy. This time, the Coffee Week was during the everexciting period of Sinterklaas, which meant pepernoten! What we’re going to do At the moment of writing still to come, we organise the quarterly Input Weeks in education weeks 7 and 8. There is a lunch for every course, program, minor… you name it, in which we can get more in-depth input on education. In return there is free cake with unlimited lots and lots and lots of whipped cream. In this year its first quarter and already during last Coffee Week, we gathered a lot of useful input, which is very helpful for the faculty. All the different members of i.d-Education are making sure that this information reaches the right people in the faculty, and that action is taken. Course content is going to be better adjusted to each other; communication about obligatory purchasable materials is going to be improved, and much more! We are happy with all the input that we got from students, so keep up the good work! And know that for any education related issues you can always walk by the i.d-Counter for a chat with the Commissioner of Education or Studentlid OD.
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51 turn the page | february 2015
turn the page
“A strong body makes the mind strong”
Thomas Jefferson
FEATURE Designing Heineken HOW IT’S MADE Ready For Take Off: Drones 51 | February 2015