ECOCITIES: REBUILDING CITIES IN BALANCE WITH NATURE
Author: Richard Register Reporter: Lina Jiang
About the Author
•One of the world’s great theorists and authors in ecological city design and planning. •The founder of Urban Ecology and Ecocity Builders. •He convened( 召开 ) the first International Ecocity Conference in 1990, and has authored( 撰写 ) two previous books, as well as an earlier edition of EcoCities.
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Main Structure
1
CHAPTER
As We Build,So Shall We Live
1.As We Build,So Shall We Live
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1.As We Build,So Shall We Live Good place for a freeway
The freeway is on the far side of the Danube( 多瑙 河 ) from downtown Vienna was buried for more than two miles-with aboveground air ventilation boxes( 通风箱 ).
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1.As We Build,So Shall We Live Where not to build Land uses are the foundation of city design. Avoid flood plains( 洪水平 原 ) and best farm land,celebrate coastal and waterside with special features. Maintain maximum permeability( 渗透 ) of surfaces, and to do this, the compact city( 紧凑型城市 ) is the most important solution.
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1.As We Build,So Shall We Live Solar greenhouse remodel Turning a common two-story house in the San Francisco Bay Area into a four story house with a two-story greenhouse: Raise the house three feet.Dig out crawl space( 抓取空间 ) and turn into occupied basement. Raise roof two feet,making space for room in the attic( 阁 楼 ).
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1.As We Build,So Shall We Live
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Low-energy vehicle for the future
Human power new fuel
1.As We Build,So Shall We Live
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Light rail( 轻轨 )the best transit fit with ecocities Streetcar( 电车 ) arrives at Mills Hall( 米尔斯馆 ),central campus of Mills College,Oakland( 奥克 兰 ),California,for which an ecocity green plan has been written.
2
CHAPTER
The City in Evolution
2.The City in Evolution
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2.The City in Evolution Making streets narrower A small step in making these neighbourhoods more convivial( 欢乐 的 ),water permeable( 透 水 ) and garden friendly is making streets narrower and repaving( 重 新铺面 ).
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2.The City in Evolution
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Adding fine grain density to a major street New structures are shown above the dashed lines.
2.The City in Evolution
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Closing the street and adding more pedestrian( 人行横道 )oriented buildings and activities Same location as last illustration, but with allweather arcades( 拱 形游廊 ) and more shops, businesses and housing.
2.The City in Evolution
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Bridge building with generous "hallway" Similar in design to the previous illustration,this structure spans( 表 蜊 ) a covered street illuminated partly by beams of sunshine streaming through skylights.
3
CHAPTER
The City in Nature
3.The City in Nature
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•City - it is a complete, highly integrated organism( 完整的有机体 ), inter-linkages between the various sites form a harmonious world. •If you dig,it can display this part of the whole system. Each part can be integrated into a whole.
3.The City in Nature Smallest case ecocommunity design
A composite( 复合的 ) house for two or three families in the country.This illustration assumes home-based work and considerable food production for it to amount to a community with some economic vitality( 活 力 ),justifying the term"community."Featured in addition to solar greenhouses and terraces( 露台 ) is a fun treehouse,bridge and slide into the small lake.
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4
CHAPTER
The City in History
4.The City in History
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•Hanging Gardens of Babylon •City for the display of dictatorship( 专政 ) and military force
4.The City in History Five blocks vs. one
Here we see that the same amount of infrastructure organized in three dimensions covers for less space than it does when spread out( 铺展开 ).
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4.The City in History Claremont Hotel addition in three succesive zooms
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The Clarement Hotel on the Berkeley border is a stately old building much revered locally.Here,it becomes the centerpiece( 中心装饰品 ) of more development dug into the sloping bench on which it sits.
4.The City in History
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Claremont Hotel addition in three succesive zooms
A
4.The City in History
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Claremont Hotel addition in three succesive zooms
B
4.The City in History
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Claremont Hotel addition in three succesive zooms
C
5
CHAPTER
The City Today
5.The city Today
•More and more high-rise buildings •Excessive consumption of resources
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Cold Mechanization
Human's big Cage!
5.The city Today Birdhouse-no pelple allowed
Bringing nature into high density city.To promote a variety of birds,the higher "floors" are progressively less accessible to ground-based animals,with upper ones even inaccessible to squirrels.
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5.The city Today Grocery store parking lot goes mixed use
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5.The city Today Grocery store parking lot goes mixed use
ecocities Parking becomes garden,orchard outdoor cafe area and playground, plus small electric cart parking lot;community sees housing added vertically( 垂直的 ).
6
CHAPTER
Access and Transportation
6.Access and Transportation
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•I think we like the car is actually a distortion of the dependence •Integral design
6.Access and Transportation Nature's diversity+cultural diversity =more integral design
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A range of principles apply directly to designing ecological cities.Chief among them is the fact that taking up a fraction of rich natural bioregion,illustrated here.It can result in an overlay of human ecology that has its own rich diversity that doesn't degrade the adjacent natural environment.
6.Access and Transportation Nature's diversity+cultural diversity =more integral design There might be a slightly smaller number of individuals of particular species but the same unmber of species.The guidance here is that natural diversity and the built infrastructure need to be designed and planned in relation to one another.
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10
CHAPTER
Tools to Fit the Task
10.Tools to Fit the Task •LEED •Transfer of Development Rights(TDR) •Ecocity Zoning:Mapping the future
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7.What to Build Table land2
ecocities The idea of building "artificial land in the sky" has been advocated but seldom excuted in architecture. Would cost for less than a freeway system and would deliver access without motor transport, except for elevator-which would require for less energy than a freeway system.
7.What to Build Another Soleri "arcology"( 生态建筑学 )
ecocities Drawing of a model of a hypothetical( 假 设的 ) town for about 20,000 built on an artificial lake on a natural river.
11
CHAPTER
What the Fast-Breaking News May Mean
11.What the Fast-Breaking News May Mean
•9/11 and 12/12: Dreams and Nightmares •The new American empire •Climate change •Peak oil •Collapse
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11.What the Fast-Breaking News May Mean
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Inside the city with canvas shades A market place cooled by shading with cloth. Trees could also help cast pleasant shadows into such urban interiors.
11.What the Fast-Breaking News May Mean Curitiba implantationsnext four illustrations
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Curitiba's five arms of high density development served by exclusive bus arterials in Brazil,top image seen perpendicular( ĺž‚ç›´ ) to the arterial,could be the site for Richard Levien's "implantations" on the scale of small arcologies.
One such implantations along one of Curitiba's high density arms-21 stories.
11.What the Fast-Breaking News May Mean Curitiba implantationsnext four illustrations Larger implantation-35 stories.
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11.What the Fast-Breaking News May Mean Curitiba implantationsnext four illustrations
Larger implantation-50 stories.
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Let's have a look at some good examples we have It's Time For An Revolution! now! Think more about the nature! They are one of the top.10 Green cities in the world.
Amsterdam
Features: encourage environmentally friendly transport. Amsterdam will pay $ 40,000,000 every year for the environmental transformation of urban infrastructure. In Amsterdam, 37% of people are cycling trip. Not long ago, the Amsterdam City Hall has announced a limited old car into the city center plan, provisions from the end of 2009, all vehicles produced before 1991 will be prohibited from entering Amsterdam city center, in order to reduce urban air pollution.
Chicago
Features:hydrogen fuel, wind power Chicago Mayor Richard Daly act as a lead to plant tree.It helps Chicago to create 500,000 new trees in the environmental record. In 2001, Chicago, launched a large-scale adoption of "green roofs" solar energy storage and filter rainwater, energy-saving initiatives to achieve great results, every year the Chicago City Hall to save 100 million U.S. dollars in energy costs. City Hall will rebuild the airport in the center into a park, and the construction of Millennium Park with a capacity of 10,000 bicycles "station. " Chicago is also the first American city to install hydrogen fuel stations. Wind power is also this "Windy City"the most available energy sources.
Curitiba
Features:Unique bus system the state capital of Parana in southern Brazil, Curitiba City, is the first by the United Nations as the world's "Top 5 most livable cities ". Curitiba mayor is architect origin, good facilities in the city to adjust the layout to achieve environmental goals. He designed a unique transportation system, waiting like a giant glass cylinder station, two entrances and exits are located, and has a rotating fence at the entrance to ensure the orderly,thereby attracting more people to give up private cars.
Freiburg
Features:solar power The general public in Freiburg have higher environmental awareness. Freiburg successfulyl make the solar energy into one of the cities energy. Whether the center of the station, hospital, soccer fields, or urban gardens and local wineries are installed on the roof or roof solar panels. 1 / 3 of people choose to ride a bike trip. In additionFreiburg pay a lot attention to waste recycling, now the amount of waste in the region has been reduced by 2 / 3.
London
Features: Collection of vehicles "green taxes " 2010 February, London Mayor Ken Livingstone announced plans to be in London in 20 years 60% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, making it the world's most environmentally friendly city. Coverage of the new reform measures planned homes, businesses, power supply systems and transport four areas, for example, asked residents of London, will reduce the time spent watching TV, switching to energy-saving light bulbs, the city 1 / 4 of the power supply system will also be modified, Some power stations will be moved to nearby residential areas, in order to avoid transmission of electric energy waste. In the transport sector, the City Hall ask for the large displacement cars to pay 25 ponds "green taxes"per day , and in the streets of London launched a bike rental service.
Portland
Features: green building, the development of light rail. Portland is the first law of urban energy saving. In addition to "Green Building Center ", the city also striving to promote environmentally friendly transport, light rail, bus and bicycle travel is the main tool for the people of Portland. To encourage more people to choose the way of life close to nature, Portland opened in the city nearly 56 acres of green space and the length of 120 km for the public to walk and bicycle lanes.
What kind of policy will be good for our country?
Thanks
Lina 2011.2