Soils of Redgrave and Lopham Fens

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SOILS OF REDGRAVE AND LOPHAM FENS J. R. PRICE* Introduction A n investigation into the soil types and their distribution over R e d g r a v e and Lopham Fens was made by the Soil Survey of E n g l a n d and Wales, for the Suffolk Trust for Nature Conservation during the first three months of 1978. The area of 1.3 km 2 is seven kilometres west of Diss and approximately three kilometres south of South L o p h a m ; it is the source of both the Little Ouse and Waveney rivers. The terrain is Hat and lies beneath the 30m contour. Previous surveys into the sub-surface composition of the Fens include a hydrological investigation carried out by the Anglian W a t e r Authority, Norfolk and Suffolk Division (1977) and a study of Lopham Little Fen by Tallantire (1953). T h e surveys revealed the presence of shallow peat overlying calcareous marls and fine sand, beneath which are firm lake muds. T h e Ouse-Waveney valley has been described as a glacial overfiow Channel by some geologists, while others suggest its origin as a pre-glacial or interglacial valley subsequently infilled by boulder clay (Bellamy, D. J. and Rose, F.; W. H. Burrell in Flora of Norfolk, 1914). South Lopham Fen has been described by Tallantire (1953) as the site of a late glacial lake infilled by lacustrine muds and later by fen peat. Method A D u t c h ' E d e l m a n ' auger was used to examine the peat soils to a depth of up to 1.20m. Borings were made at approximately 600 locations at an average interval of 50m. Supplementary augerings to a depth of 2.0m were made using a Hiller auger at 24 locations along three pre-selected transects. Sixty-four samples were taken from 50 sites for further laboratory analysis. T h e object of a soil survey is to identify, describe and classify different soils and to record their distribution on a map. T h e basic unit of both description and Classification is the soil profile, a vertical section through the soil in which layers, roughly parallel to the ground surface, called soil horizons, are recognised. These horizons are distinguished by their colour, particle-size class distribution, structure and organic matter * Soil Survey of England and Wales, Norwich. Trans. S u f f . Nat. Vol. 18 part l.


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