A Table for Naming Bivalve Shells of the Crag, with Revised List of the Species

232

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G

A

TABLE

BIVALVE

BIVALVE SHELLS OF T H E

FOR

SHELLS

OF

CRAG.

NAMING THE

CRAG,

WITH A REVISED LIST OF THE SPECIES. BY

CLAUDE M O R L E Y ,

F.E.S.,

F.G.S.,

F.Z.S.

1. T h e sole merit claimed for it is that the T a b l e Covers with equal efficiency any stage of the Shell's growth : hence sizes are rarely indicated, because of use merely in the case of mature specimens that anyone, with slight practice, can name from Searles W o o d ' s descriptions and figures ; b u t he presents no dichotomous T a b l e s of distinctions. I myself have used the present one during the last four busy years in collecting 160 out of the total 226 species occurring in S u f f o l k ; and I find it sufficiently handy as a rough, initial guide before proceedim,' for confirmation to W o o d ' s work, the obfuscating synonym} of which is here fully entered.—NOTE 2. N u m b e r s preceding localities refer to W o o d ' s work.—NOTE 3. Nearly all the Crag localities are in Suffolk, excepting Walton-on-Naze in Essex, Bramerton and Aldeby in Norfolk. T h e Red Crag localities are purposely not in order of t h e various ' h o r i z o n s ' that Geologists have ascribed to different patches, because I find, by pretty t h o r o u g h practical investigation of every patch now exposed, no basis whatsoever for such restrictions : the entire fauna (Protozoa, Porifera, Ccelenterata, Polyzoa, Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Cirrhipedia with other Crustacea, and Vertebrata) supplies no reliable criterion for such theoretical division, above the mainly-derivative basal nodule-bed.*—NOTE 4. T h e formations are ascendantly abbreviated thus : CC. Coralline Crag; R C . Red Crag ; M C . Mammalian seu Norwich seu Icenian Crag ; CB. Chillesford Bed of clay; L G . , M G . , U G . , and P G . are Lower a n d M i d d l e and U p p e r and Post-Glacial drift.—NOTE 5. Nothing novel is here attempted : for the present, we are trying to widerstand what W o o d knew.—NOTE 6. I need hardly add that the Shell's base is the hinged beak seu u m b o , whence ribs or folds (plicse) or S t r i a e usually radiate to the apex and sides, intersecting

NOTE

*I certainly think there may be such things as horizons on the extreme margins of the old seas ; but also that many of the places we work may be merely the churned-up sea-bottom, which never was a shore in Crag days.

Of course, we know the sea has a remarkable way of depositing things according to their weight : shingle is always large high up the beach, an<i smaller as one gets to low-water mark. I fancy Cornelians must be specifically lighter than other pebbles, as they have a tendencv to be washed among shingle smaller than themselves ; Amber may be considered a mere featherweight, and is left among the big shingle as though or no account. T h e association of Shells and Coral, so familiär to Concnologists, is surely only a question of weight.— C. G. DOUGHTV, in !>'• 25 Jan. 1933.

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

233

at right angles the semicircular lines of the Shell's growth that run parallel with its apical seu outer edge. No difficulty should be experienced in working the Table : if the Shell to be named is compared with 1 and found not to agree, it must fall into the alternative number that is given in brackets immediately against 1, that is 518 : but, if it agrees with 1, proceed to 2 : and so on throughout.

(318)

(4)

1. Possessing no internal skeleton, i.e. n o t Brachiopoda which are Crustacea.

2. Coarsely sculptured, rarely irregularly plicate seu ribbed longitudinally.

3. Strongly convex ; apex nearly s t r a i g h t ; beak rolled upon side.

4. Irregularly u n d u l a t e ; beak short, merged in side 1 nn ^ • C H A M A grypftoides, L i n n .

1& 2 . — C C . S u t t o n ; R C . Sutton, N e w b o u r n , Waldringfield (Wood) ; m a n y f r o m Holywells and Ramsholt (Ipsw. M u s . ) .

5. Nearly smooth ; beak distinctly curled and free . .

(3) (1+)

193.—CC. Gedgrave, Ramsholt, S u t t o n ; R C . S u t t o n (Wood).

6. N o t m u c h convex : apex distinctly r o u n d e d ; beak subcentral.

7. S u b c i r c u l a r ; u n d e r 1? inches in length

(55) (6) (5)

2. ISOCARDIA cor,

') (10)

(")

(8) (13)

(12)

(7) (28)

(27) (24) (21)

8

Linn.

ANOMIA, L i n n .

- U p p e r valve irregularly undulate.

9. T h a t valve w i t h a b o u t a score of radiating costEe 3. patelliformis, Linn.

10.—CC. S u d b o u r n , Sutton (Wood), S u d b o u r n , S u t t o n Gedgrave ; R C . Ramsholt (Morley), S u t t o n , Bawdsey, W a l t o n ; M C . Bramerton ; CB. Bramerton, Aldeby, S u d b o u r n (Wood).

10. T h a t valve with about a h u n d r e d radiating Stria; 4. striata, Broc.

11.—CC. Aldeburgh, Gedgrave, S u d b o u r n ( M o r l e y ) ; Ramsholt ( I p s . M u s . ) , Gedgrave, S u d b o u r n , S u t t o n ( W o o d ) ; R C . Foxhall (Morley), S u t t o n , Butley • CB. Aldeby ; M G . H o p t o n (Wood).

11. U p p e r valve evenly a little curved.

12. Longitudinally rugosed by about 20 nodule-rows ..

5. ephippium, Linn. (Aplysia, W d ) .

— C C . S u t t o n , Ramsholt (Ips. M u s . ) , S u d b o u r n , Sutton ; R C . S u t t o n ; M C . Bramerton ; CB. Bramerton, Aldeby, C h i l l e s f o r d ; M G . H o p t o n , Billockby; U G .

Bridlington.

13. Rugosed t h r o u g h o u t by a b o u t 40 radiating Costa; Var. aculeata, Müll. " — C C . Ramsholt, S u t t o n (Morley) ; CB. Bramerton, Aldeby; M G . Hopton.

H . N o t circular, or if so t h e n over two inches in length.

3- Hardly or not m o r e constricted towards base than a p e x ; m o r e or less rough.

16. Nearly c i r c u l a r ; hinge broadly triangular 17

OSTREA, L i n n .

N o broad extension beyond the normal valve.

Concentric rings neither sinuate nor elevated.

234

(20)

(19)

(18) (23)

(22)

(17) (26)

(25) (16)

A TABLE FOR NAMING BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

19. Deeply sculptured, with multiradiations f r o m base 6. princeps, Wood.

17.—CC. Ramsholt, Sudbourn, S u t t o n ; R C . Sutton, Newbourn, Bawdsey (Wood).

20. Irregularly sculptured, with concentric rings 7. edulis, Linn.

13.—CC. Sudbourn, Gedgrave, Ramsholt (Wood), S u d b o u r n , Gedgrave, Ramsholt (Morley) ; RC. passim (Wood), Ramsholt, Bentley, Butley, Bawdsey, Shottisham, Foxhall (Morley) ; M C . Bramerton, NorwichT h o r p (Wood).

21. Concentric rings either sinuate or elevated.

22. F our concentric rings, each foliately elevated 8. plicatula, Gmel.

Suppl.—CC. Sutton (Wood), Gedgrave, Sudbourn, Aldeburgh (Morley).

23. Some 16 such rings, sinuate but not at all elevated 9. ungulata, Nyst.

Suppl.—CC. Ramsholt (Wood), Aldeburgh ; RC. Newbourn, Shottisham (Morley).

24. Explanate beyond normal valve to fully double its size.

25. Normal shell flat, similar to O. edulis 10. cochlear, Pol. (spectrum, Wood).

Suppl.—CC. (Wood), Sudbourn, abundant only at Ramsholt (Doughty, Morley).

26. Normal shell oval, laterally vertical 11. flabellula, Lam. Suppl.—RC. Ramsholt (Morley), ' S u t t o n (Wood).

27. O b l o n g ; hinge laterally right-angled, as Pecten . .

12. HINNITES Cortesii,

(15) (38) (33) (32) (31)

DeF.

19.—CC. Gedgrave (Morley), Ramsholt, a few specimens o n l y ; RC. Sutton, T r i m l e y ; M C . ?Norwich-Thorp (Wood).

28. Distinctly constricted towards b a s e ; coarsely sculptured, but never rough.

29. Valves laterally not as high as beak.

30. Hinges not denticulate ; but one internal impression ..

PINNA, Linn.

31.

32 '

(30)

33.

(35)

34.

(34) (37)

35.

36.

Fragments wholly indeterminable 'M pectinata, Mont.

— W o o d . . . PDistinct 13. , rudis, Linn.

50.—Former from CC. at Sutton (Ips. Mus.), Sutton, Ramsholt and ?LG. of Cromer cliff; latter from CC. at Aldeburgh (Wood).—CC. Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sudbourn and Sutton (Morley).

Hinges denticulate ; two distinct internal impressions . • MYTILUS, Linn.

Distinctly curved both sides ; length at most 4 in.

14. edulis, Linn.

52.—CC. Sutton, several (Morley), Boyton?; RC. Ipswich, Sutton, Bawdsey (Wood), Sutton, Bawdsey, Bentley, Chillesford, Alderton, Ramsholt, Hollesley, Butley, Newbourn, Shottisham, Foxhall (Morley); M C . Bramerton (Wood), Wangford wood ; CB. Easton cliff, Chillesford (Morley) ; U G . Bridlington (Wood).

Quite straight on the side that ends in the hinge.

Length two-and-a-half inches Var. Hesperianus., Lam. 55.—CC. Sudbourn (Wood).

A

(36) (29)

TABLE

FOR

NAMING

BIVALVE

SHELLS

OF

(40) (39) (44) (43) (46) (45) (50) (49) (48) (47) (54) (53)

(32) (51) (2) (173) (68)

CRAG.

235

37. Length nearly or fully six inches . .

Var. giganteus, Wood.

Suppl.—RC. Sutton (Wood).

38. Valves laterally produced, fully as high as beak MODIOLA,

(42) (41)

THE

Lam.

39. L a r g e r ; exhibiting no distinctive sculpture.

40. Impressed obliquely on straight side ; 2J-3J inches . .

15. ?nodiolus, Linn.

57.—CC. ? ; RC. Newbourn (Morley), S u t t o n ; M C .

Postwick ; U G . Bridlington (Wood).

41. Unimpressed ; length rather under one inch ..

16. phaseolina, Phil.

59.—CC. Ramsholt, Sutton and near Orford (Wood).

42. Smaller ; exhibiting very distinctive sculpture.

43. Deeply and concentrically multisulcate throughout 17. barbata, Linn.

58.—RC. Walton (Wood) : not yet known from SufTolk.

44. More or less distinctly plicate radiately.

45. Substriate, traversed by weak concentric rings 18. sericea, Bron.

61.—CC. Sutton, Ramsholt (Wood), Sutton (Morley).

46. Stoutly plicate radiately.

47. Plications incomplete, i.e. centre smooth from side to hinge.

48. Both ends plicate only towards their edge 19. discors, Linn.

63.—CB. Chillesford only (Wood).

49. Both ends plicate throughout from edge to hinge 20. marmorata, Forb.

62.—CC. Sutton (Morley), Sutton ; RC. Walton (Wood).

50. Plications complete throughout, i.e. whole shell ribbed.

51. Narrower and longer; outer edge straight.

52. Subparallel-sided and apically subacute 21. costulata, Riss.

60.—CC. S u t t o n ; RC. Walton (Wood), Walton (Doughty, Morley).

53. Subtriangul ar and apically distinctly obtuse Var. Petagnte, Scac.

60 and Suppl.—CC. S u t t o n ; RC. Walton (Wood).

54. Broader and shorter ; outer edge emarginate 22. rhombea, Berk.

64.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

55. Neither coarsely nor irregularly sculptured.

56. Regularly and distinctly plicate from base, i.e. ribbed radiately from hinge.

57. F u l l y 1 j times broader than l o n g ; apex broad-gaping . .

PHOLAS, L i n n .

(63) (60)

,.Q y*) (62)

58. N o t plicate nearly throughout.

59. Twice broader than long ; one-quarter smooth 23. cylindrica, Sow. 295.—RC. Sutton, Walton (Wood), Walton (Doughty, Morley) and many borings in London-clay there (in Ips. Mus.).

60. U n d e r one-and-a-half times broader than long.

61. Larger, 21 inches broad ; one-half smooth ..

24. crispata, Linn.

296.—RC. Sutton, Walton (Wood), Foxhall with borings in London-clay in nodule-bed, Newbourn, Sutton, Ramsholt, Bawdsey, Hollesley, Butley neutralpit ; MC. Wangford wood (Morley) ; LG. Belaugh; M G . Hopton ; U G . Bridlington ; Sweden (Wood).

236

(61)

(58) (67) (66) (65)

(64) (57) (126) (87) (72)

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

62. Smaller, 1 i inches broad ; about o a e - q u a r t e r s m o o t h . .

25. intermedia, W o o d .

S u p p l . — C C . G e d g r a v e ; R C . Waldringfield (Wood), W a l t o n (Morley).

63. Plicate very nearly t h r o u g h o u t ; distinctly small.

64. Plications reticulate.

65. E d g e strongly emarginate and elevated 26. brevis, W o o d .

S u p p l . — C C . S u t t o n (Wood, Morley).

66. E d g e n e i t h e r emarginate n o r elevated 27. Candida L i n n .

S u p p l . — M C . Bulchamp (Wood), W a n g f o r d Wood (Morley, 1933).

67. Plications striate ; edge emarginate and elevated 28. parva, P e n n .

S u p p l . — R C . Waldringfield only (Wood).

68. Subcircular, t h o u g h o f t e n obliquely ; apex not gaping.

69. Nearly flat; base squarely p r o d u c e d on each side of hinge.

70. Plications weak and rarely elevated.

71. S u b t r i a n g u l a r and n o t i n f r e q u e n t l y smooth 29. AVICULA

(71)

phaleenoides,

Wood.

51 and S u p p l . — C C . Gedgrave (Wood).

72. Elongate-oblong and very o f t e n suboblique LIMA, B r u g .

(80) (75) (74) (79) (78)

(77)

(76)

(73) (82)

(81) (86) (85)

(84)

73. Over t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of an inch in length ; oblique.

74. Plications denticulately elevated ; length 1J inches ..

30. squamosa, L a m .

S u p p l . — C C . near O r f o r d (Wood).

75. Plications n o t elevated ; length usually less.

76. Lateral hinge-productions deeply impressed, central one triangularly.

77. Reticulate, broader and distinctly m o r e convex 31. exilis, W o o d .

4 3 — C C . S u d b o u r n , Ramsholt, S u t t o n ; R C . Walton, Butley (Wood), Walton 1930 (Doughty), Bawdsey (Morley).

78. Striate, narrower and distinctly less convex 32. hians, G m e l .

4 4 . — C C . Gedgrave, S u d b o u r n (Morley), Ramsholt; ? M G . H o p t o n (Wood).

79. Lateral p r o d u c t i o n s unimpressed ; central triangular 33. Loscombi, Sow. 4 5 . — C C . Ramsholt, S u t t o n ; R C . Walton (Wood), Bawdsey, Foxhall (Morley).

80. A b o u t one-half inch in length, or rather less.

81. Oblique and stoutly smooth-costate, without rings 34. plicatula, W o o d .

4 6 . — C C . S u t t o n (Wood). ?Immature L . s q u a m o s a , supra.

82. Vertical, weakly reticulate-plicate; concentric rings always traceable.

83. At least a dozen distinct discal radiations.

84. Distinctly a little broader and shorter ..

•• ' 35. subauriculata, Mont.

4 7 . — C C . Ramsholt, Sutton (Wood).

85. Distinctly a little narrower and longer 36. elongata, F o r b .

S u p p l . — C C . S u t t o n (Wood).

(83) (70)

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G BIVALVE SHELLS OF T H E CRAG.

237

86. With only about seven distinct radial ridges 37. ovata, Wood.

48.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

87. Plications strong and elevated, or outline subcircular

..

PECTEN,

109) 104) (97) (92)

(91) (96) (95)

(94)

(93)

(90) (101) (100)

(99)

f9R1 An (103)

' „

Mull.

88. More or less crenulate or denticulate ; trans-striate between the ribs.

89. None of the radiating ribs at all smooth.

90. Ribs strongly sculptured throughout.

91. Ribs denticulate ; a distinctly elongate species 38. pusio, Penn.

33.—-CC. passim, Ramsholt (Morley), Ramsholt, Sudbourn, S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton, Bawdsey, Walton (Wood), Walton, Newbourn, Ramsholt, Foxhall, Butley (Morley) • M G . Hopton (Wood).

92. Ribs crenulate ; all the species less elongate.

93. Crenulation extending as far as the extreme base.

94. Broader species, with about twenty radiations 39. dubius, Broc.

38.—CC. Aldeburgh, Gedgrave, Sudbourn and abdt at Ramsholt (Morley), Sudbourn, Gedgrave, Ramsholt, S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton, Newbourn, Bawdsey, Walton (Wood), Ramsholt, Walton (Morley).

95. Narrower species, with about fourteen radiations 40. disparatus, Wood.

Suppl.—RC. Waldringfield (Wood, Harmer, p. 856), Foxhall, Walton (Morley).

96. Crenulation not extending as far as extreme base 41. Brnei, Pay. 29.—CC. Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Aldeburgh, Sudbourn and not rare at Gedgrave (Morley).

97. Finely reticulate throughout.

98. Sp ecies possessed of less than twanty-six ribs.

99. Broader with upper valve more convex . .

42. opercularis, Linn.

35.—CC. passim (Wood), Gedgrave, Sudbourn, Aldeburgh abdt., Ramsholt, Sutton (Morley); RC. passim (Wood), Walton, Sutton, Shottisham, Bentley, Butley, Bawdsey, Ramsholt, Chillesford, Ufford, Alderton, Hollesley, Newbourn, Foxhall (Morley) ; M C . Bulchamp, Bramerton, Norwich-Thorp (Wood), Bramerton; CB. Easton cliff (Morley), Chillesford, A l d e b y ; M G .

Billockby, Hopton (Wood).

100. Narrower with the upper valve flatter Var. gracilis, Sow. 37 and Suppl.—RC. Sutton, Bawdsey and Hollywells I swich im o P (Wood). apecies possessed of more than twenty-six ribs.

102. With about thirty radiations . . . Not in crag ?

Varius, Linn.

41.—CC. Sutton ?(Wood); RC. Foxhall (Morley); CB. Easton cliff (Morley); M G . H o p t o n ; P G . Nar ^ brick (Wood).

103 - W i t h about forty radiations . . . Not in crag ? niveus, Mac. Suppl.—CC. Sutton ?(Wood).

noM 1 0 - ' S o m e o f t h e r i b s s m o o t h ) 105. T w o - t h i r d s of the ribs smooth, rest transcrenulate dubius, var. imbricatus, Wood.

238

A TABLE FOR NAMING BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

(105) 106. All t h e ribs smooth and duplicated d o w n their centre.

(108) 107. L e n g t h little m o r e than an inch pusio, var. stricturus, Wood.

(107) 108. L e n g t h four-and-a-half inches . . . N o t in crag Islandicus, M ü l l .

4 0 . — U G . Clyde Beds only (Wood).

(88) 109. N o t crenate or dentate ; longitudinally striate between ribs, w h e n present.

(119) 110. Several plications collectively elevated into bolder ribs.

(116) 111. Over a dozen such ribs; length m o r e t h a n 2 J inches.

(113) 112. Ribs convex and distinctly u n d u l a t e 43. maximus, Linn.

2 2 . — C C . Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sutton, Aldeburt;h (Wood), A l d e b u r g h c o m m o n ; R C . Sutton, Ramsholt, Shottisham, N e w b o u r n , Foxhall (Morley), Bawdsey, S u t t o n (Wood).

(112) 113. Ribs m u c h flatter and laterally vertical.

(115) 114. Ribs u n i s t r i a t e . . .. . . Var. grandis, Sow. (114) 115. Ribs quadristriate .. . . 4 4 . Westendorpi, Nyst.

S u p p l . — R C . Sutton, Waldringfield (Wood), Newbourn, Butley, Chillesford, Bawdsey (Morley).

(111) 116. L e n g t h wTell u n d e r two inches.

(118) 117. Exhibiting six u n d u l a t i n g ribs 45. septemradiatus, Chem.

(Danicus, Chem.).

30.—RC. Sutton, F o x h a l l ; U G . Clyde Beds (Wood).

(117) 118. Exhibiting only three or five a b r u p t ribs 46. tigrinus, Müll.

2 7 . — C C . Gedgrave, Ramsholt, S u d b o u r n , Sutton (Wood), S u d b o u r n (Kendall), Gedgrave, R a m s h o l t .

S u t t o n ; R C . Sutton, Ramsholt, Foxhall, Walton (Morley), S u t t o n , Bawdsey, Walton (Wood).

(110) 119. Plications subequally elevated t h r o u g h o u t , sometimes weak.

(121) 120. Plications complete to h i n g e ; length 4 J inches . .

47. prirtceps, Sow. 31.—CC. R a m s h o l t (Morley, 1931), R a m s h o l t ; ?MC. N o r w i c h - T h o r p . — V a r . pseudoprinceps, Wood Supplin M C . at Y a m Hill in S o u t h Cove, and B r a m e r t o n (Wood) ; CB. c o m m o n in Easton cliff (Morley).

(120) 121. Plications not complete, at least towards the hinge.

(123) 122. Apical plication distinct, at least near margin 48. Gerardi, Nyst.

(122) 123. Totally s m o o t h t h r o u g h o u t , with n o trace of p l i c s .

(125) 124. L e n g t h almost invariably well over one inch Gerardi . ,, 2 4 . — C C . Ramsholt, Gedgrave, S u d b o u r n (Wood), S u t t o n and not rare at S u d b o u r n (Morley).

(124) 125. L e n g t h at most three-quarters of an inch 49. similis Lask.

2 5 . — C C . S u t t o n (Wood), S u t t o n , S u d b o u r n and scveia. at Gedgrave (Morley).

(69) 126. Distinctly convex ; hinge not laterallv produced.

(132) 127. Nearly Square below ; hinge m u l t i d e n t a t e . .

AKCA, L i n n .

(129)

(128)

128. Apical-lateral margin strongly bidentate ..

50. tetragona, Pol. 7 6 . — C C . S u t t o n (Ips. M u s . ) , S u d b o u r n , R a m s h o l t .

S u t t o n ; R C . S u t t o n (W ; ood), Butley Mills p«t (Morle>, 1932).

129. N o margin at all dentate.

A T A B L E FOR N A M I N G

BIVALVE SHELLS

OF T H E

CRAG.

239

(131) 130. Apical margin straight, parallel with basal 51. lactea, Linn.

77.—CC. Sudbourn, Sutton (Morley), Sutton ; R C .

Sutton, Walton (Wood).

(130) 131. Apical margin strongly sinuate in the centre 52. pectunculoides, Sc. 79.—CC. Sutton (Wood and Ips. Mus.), Sutton (Morley).

(127) 132. Nearly round below ; hinge not multidentate.

(172) 133. Rarely emarginate, not concave, beside beak ; apices of plicae not curved.

(159) 134. T h i n n e r ; hinge with two large and two lateral teeth . .

CARDIUM, L i n n .

(148) 135. Plications continuous, at most traversed by a single ring near hinge.

(145) 136. Subcircular or longer than broad ; not about 1J inches in length.

(140) 137. Ribs discally flat with a row of quite triangular transcostse on each ; small.

(139) 138. Triangular costae and interstices simple; £-inch. .

53. fasciatum, Mont. (nodosum, Wd).

153 and Suppl.—CC. Gedgrave, Sutton (Morley), Sutton passim ; RC. passim, Sutton, Alderton, Bawdsey (Wood) ; M C . Wangford, Bramerton (Morley); CB. Aldebv (Wood), Aldeby, Chillesford (Morley).

(138) 139. Costae en chevron, interstices trans-striate; J-inch 54. strigilliferum, Wood. ....

154.—CC. Sutton passim (Wood), Gedgrave (Morley).

1 ' ' Ribs convex, not transcostate ; interstices not trans-striate.

(1441 141. Ribs simply transcarinate.

(143) 142. Length only about one-quarter inch 55. pinnatulum, Con. (nodulosum, Wood).

154 and Suppl.—CC. Gedgrave, S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton ...

(Morley), Sutton (Wood).

U-»-) 143. Length about two inches or rather more. .

56. Parkinsom, Sow. 158.—RC. Walton (Doughty, Morley), Ramsholt, Newbourn, Bawdsey, Butley mills, Sutton (Morley), Sutton, Butley, Felixstow, W a l t o n ; ?MC. Norwich-Thorp (Wood).

I 1) 144. Ribs distinctly denticulate ; length J-inch 57. nodosum, T u r t . nec Wood.

Suppl.—CC. Sutton only (Wood), Sutton, Sudbourn (136> U t passim and Gedgrave (Morley).

(147) 14?' S u b t r a n s v e r s e > n o t longer than broad ; length about 1 \ inches.

146. Ribs denticulate ; interstices trans-striate 58. echinatum, Linn.

152.—CC. Ramsholt, Sutton, Sudbourn ; RC. Ramsholt, Shottisham, Bawdsey, Foxhall (Morley), rare at Sutton 046) 147 r k a n d Felixstow; PG. Uddevalla (Wood).

'• Kibs simply convex ; interstices not striate 59. edule, Linn.

155.—CC. Ramsholt (Morley), R a m s h o l t ; RC. passim ( W o o d \ Ramsholt, Hollesley, Tattingstone, Bentley, Bawdsey, Shottisham, Chillesford, Butley mills, N e w bourn ; M C . Bulchamp, Wangford wood, Bramerton (Morley), Bramerton, N o r w i c h - T h o r p ; CB. Chillesford (Wood), Chillesford, Easton cliff (Morley); PG. U d d e valla (Wood).

240

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G BIVALVE SHELLS OF T H E

CRAG.

148. Plications interrupted by three or more concentric rings (158) 149. Ribs covering most of the surface.

(153) 150. Plications complete through the concentric rings.

(152) 151. Stouter, l o n g e r ; apical margin never sinuate .. edule.

(151) 152. T h i n n e r , shorter ; apical margin usually sinuate 60. angustatum, Sow. 157.—RC. Alderton, Ramsholt, Bawdsey, Sutton (Wood), Bawdsey (Doughty), Bawdsey, Sutton, Holleslev, Chillesford, Butley Neutral and mills, Ramsholt, Ufford, F o x h a l l ; M C . not rare in W a n g f o r d wood (Morley).

(150) 153. Plications broadly interrupted by concentric rings.

(155) 154. Individual plicse cylindrical on apical rows 61. venustum, Wood.

160.—RC. Sutton, Walton (Wood), Walton, Newbourn (Morley).

(154) 155. Individual plicEe - strongly constricted towards their base.

(157) 156. Margin formed of rows of a dozen fiat plicse 62. decorticatum, Wood.

159.—CC. passim, Sudbourn, Gedgrave, Sutton, Ramsholt (Wood), Gedgrave, Sutton, R a m s h o l t ; CB. Chillesford (Morley).

(156) 157. Margin formed of rows of about five elevated plicse . .

63. interruptum, Wood.

159.—RC. Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Butley, Newbourn, Bawdsev, Ramsholt, Shottisham, Tattingstone, Bentlev, Ufford, Chillesford, Foxhall (Morley).

(149) 158. Ribs o b s o l e t e ; a dozen strong concentric rings . .

64. Grcenlandicum, Chem.

160.—RC. Sutton, Bawdsey; CB. Chillesford (Wood), Chillesford, Easton cliff; M C . Wangford wood, Bulchamp, Bramerton (Morley).

N o t in crag . . . . Islandicum, Linn.

S u p p l . — M G . PHopton; U G . Bridlington (Wood).

(134) 159. Thick ; hinge possessing no m o r e than trwo teeth CARDITA, Brug.

(161) 160. Very coarsely sculptured ; length fully 1 inch 65. senilis, L a m .

165.—CC. Sudbourn abdt. (Morley, Kendali, Fowler), Sudbourn, Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sutton passim; RC. passim, Sutton, Newbourn, Alderton, Bawdsey, Felixstow (Wood), Ramsholt, Shottisham, Foxhall, etc.

(Morley).

(160) 161. M o r e finely sculptured ; length well under J-inch.

(165) 162. Interstices broad between the convex plications.

(164) 163. Plications stoutly trans-striate throughout. .

66. orbicularis, Sow. 167.—CC. Gedgrave, Sutton (Morley), S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton, N e w b o u r n (Wood).

(163) 164. Plications finely trans-striate throughout 67. chamiformis, Sow. 167.—CC. S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton, N e w b o u r n (Wood), Sutton, Newbourn, Shottisham, Bawdsey, R a m s h o l t , Walton (Morley).

(162) 165. Interstices linear between the deplanate plications.

(169) 166. Ribs sufficiently distinct; beak rather longer.

(168) 167. Interstices deeply impressed and sulciform 68. scalaris, Sow. 166.—CC. Sutton passim, S u d b o u r n , Gedgrave (Wood), Sutton, Sudbourn, Gedgrave ; R C . Foxhall, Newbourn, Butley, Walton (Morley), Sutton, Walton ; M C . ?Norw i c h ; CB. 'Chillesford ; M G . H o p t o n (Wood).

A TABLE FOR NAMING BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

241

(167) 168. Interstices very superficially impressed 69. analis, Wd (?borealis, Con.).

168.—CC. Sutton, Sudbourn, Gedgrave ; RC. Ramsholt (Morley); UG. Bridlington (Wood).

Suppl. Borealis.—CB. PSudbourn Walks; U G . Bridlington (Wood).

(166) 169. Ribs evanescent or wanting ; apical margin coarsely sculptured below.

(171) 170. Distinctly longer than broad ; ribs wanting 70. corbis, Phil.

168.—CC. Sudbourn (Morley), Sutton; RC. Walton (Wood), Sutton, Newbourn, Ramsholt, Bawdsey, Foxhall (Morley); CB. Aldeby; M G . Hopton (Wood).

(170) 171. Just as long as broad; ribs always traceable 71. anceps, W d . (var.

exiguus, Wood).

Suppl.—CC. Sutton (Wood) ; RC. Ramsholt, Bawdsey, Hollesley, Butley, Newbourn, Foxhall (Morley).

(133) 172. Concave below oblique beak ; plicEe apically curved 72. VERTICORDIA

(56) 173.

(411) 174.

(216) 175.

(185) 176.

(182) 177.

cardiifor-

mis, Wood.

150, Hippagus verticordius, Wood.—CC. Sutton only (Wood), Sutton, Sudbourn; RC. Foxhall in 1932 (Morley).

Not regularly and distinctly plicate, at most with evanescent plicae.

Always more or less finely sculptured, usually in concentric rings.

Hinge disp'aying large teeth, at least laterally.

Outline nearlv circular; sometimes subplicate.

No triangular impression on hinge below beak . .

Pfctuncuixs,

Lam.

(180) 178. Suhcircular; length, when mature, fullv 24 inches.

(181) 179. Thinner; flatter and towards beak less convex . .

73. glycimcris, Linn.

(1/8) 180. Distinctly oblique; length, when mature, 2 inches Var. subobliquus, Wood.

66.—CC. passim (Wood), Sutton, Sudbourn, Gedgrave, Aldeburgh (Morley), Orford (Ips. Mus.); RC. passim (Wood), Walton, Sutton, Ramsholt, Ufford, Bentley, Bawdsey, Tattingstone, Shottisham, Newbourn, Foxhall, Chillesford, Butley, abdt. ; MC. Bramerton (Morley), Norwich-Thorp ; M G . Hopton, Billockby ; U G . Bridlington.

(179) 181. Thicker ; more convex, especially towardä beak . .

74. pilosus, Linn.

Suppl.—C'C. Ramsholt, Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Gedgrave, Aldeburgh, Sudbourn ; RC. Ramsholt, Sutton, Bawdsey, Shottisham, Chillesford, Newbourn, Foxhall, Bentley (Morley).

(177) 182. Triangularly impressed below beak ; length i-inch LiMOrsis, Sass.

(184) 183. Hinge denticules laterally broad; margin simple 75. aurita, Broc.

70.—CC. Sudbourn, Sutton (Morley), Sutton (Ips. Mus.), Gedgrave and very abundant ' near Orford ' ; RC. Waldringfield (Wood) , Foxhall (Morley, 1932).

242

A

TABLE

FOR

NAMINC,

BIVALVE

SHELLS

OF

THE

CRAG.

(183)

184. D c n t i c u l e s parallel-sided ; margin internally punctate . .

76. pygmtea, Phil.

7 1 . — C C . R a m s h o l t , S u d b o u r n , S u t t o n (Morley), Sutton (Ips. M u s . ) , Sutton and near O r f o r d ; R C . Waldringfield, Felixstow, W a l t o n (Wood), Chillesford ( M o r l e v t ; M G . Billockby (Wood).

(176) 185. Outline not nearly circular ; not at all plicate.

(201) 186. O b l i q u e , and not at all produced laterally.

(200) 187. L i g a m e n t not e x t e r n a l ; no large lateral tooth NUCULA,

Lam.

(191) (190)

188. Stouter ; b r e a d t h one and a quarter inches.

189. Covered with zig-zag p a t t e r n ; denticules broader 77. Cobboldi, Sow. 8 2 . — R C . near Ipswich, Sutton, Felixstow, Waldringfield, Bawdsey, Butley (Wood), Bawdsev, Butley, N e w b o u r n , Chillesford ; CB. Chillesford and Easton cliff, common ( M o r l e y ) ; M C . Y a r n Hill in SCove, A l d e b u r g h - T h o r p , B u l c h a m p , Aldeby, Bramerton, N o r w i c h - T h o r p ; M G .

H o p t o n ; U G . Bridlington (Wood).

(189) 190. S m o o t h ; denticules narrow, parallel-sided 78. Icevigata, Sow. 8 1 . — C C . S u t t o n and O r f o r d ; R C . passim, Walton (Wood), Walton, singly at Bawdsey, Chillesford and N e w b o u r n (Morley).

(188) 191. Slenderer ; b r e a d t h less than t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of an inch.

(195) 192. Apical m a r g i n internally smooth, as in t h e last two species.

(194) 193. L a r g e r ; concentric rings entirely a p p a r e n t 79. tenuis, M o n t .

8 4 . — C C . G e d g r a v e ; R C . Butley, Bawdsey (Morley), B a w d s e y ; M C . Aldebv, B r a m e r t o n ( W o o d ) ; CB. Aldeby, Chillesford ( M o r l e y ) ; ? M G . H o p t o n ; U G .

Bridlington (Wood).

(193) 194. S m a l l e r ; concentric rings always o b s o l e t e . .

80. nitida, Sow. S u p p l . — C C . S u t t o n and n e a r O r f o r d (Wood), Sudb o u r n (Morley, 1932).

(192) 195. Apical margin internally conspicuously striate.

(199) 196. Subdeplanate ; concentric rings subobsolete.

(198) 197. T r i a n g u l a r ; m a r g i n striate at the sides only 81. proxima, Say (trigonula, Wood).

86 a n d S u p p l . — C C . S u t t o n and near O r f o r d (Wood), Gedgrave, S u t t o n ( M o r l e y ) , S u t t o n (Ips. Mus.).

(197) 198. O b l i q u e ; internal m a r g i n striate t h r o u g h o u t ..

82. nucleus, L i n n .

85.—CC. Gedgrave common, Sudbourn, Sutton (Morley), S u t t o n ( I p s . M u s . ) , Gedgrave, Sudbourn, R a m s h o l t , S u t t o n ; R C . S u t t o n , Bawdsey (Wood), c o m m o n at Bawdsey (Morley).

(196) 199. Distinctly convex ; concentric rings s t r o n g 83. turgevs, W o o d .

Suppl.—CC. Gedgrave, Sudbourn (Morley); Waldringfield ( W o o d and H a r m e r , 856), Bawdse) (Morley).

(187) 200. L i g a m e n t external ; a large tooth on f r o n t side.

(200b) 200a. SIender, finely sculptured ; no internal m u s c l e - m a r k s . • 8 4 . NUCINF.I LA D e s h

73—CC. (Wood).

Ramsholt, Sutton;

miliaris,

' ^ • n Paris Basin at G n g n o n

A T A B L E FOR N A M I N G

BIVALVE SHELLS

OF T H E

CRAG.

243

(200a) 200b. Stout, concentric-ringed ; muscle-marks strong 8 5 . CORBICULA

fluminalis,

Müll.

104 and Suppl., Cvrena consobrina, Wood.—RC. Waldringfield ; M C . Äldeburgh-Thorp, Dunwich, Bulchamp, Wangford, Bramerton, Postwick ; L G . Belaugh ; P G . Grays, Stutton, Gedgrave (Wood).

(186) 201. Transverse, having one side distinctly p r o d u c e d . .

LEDA,

Sch.

(207) 202. By no means smooth.

(206) 203. Deeply multisulcate concentrically ; under an inch in breadth.

(205) 204. Sulci entire ; production internally bisulcate. Not in Crag caudata, Don. 92, pernula, Wood, nec caudata, Wood.—UG. Bridlington ; Clyde Beds (Wood).

(204) 205. Sulci on only centre of back ; production simple 86. semistriata, Wood.

91.—CC. Ramsholt, Sutton (Wood and Ips. Mus.), Sutton (Morley, 1932).

(203) 206. Finely striate concentrically ; over 2 inches broad 87. lanceolata, Sow. 88.—RC. Butley, Bawdsey (Morlev), Bawdsey; M C .

B r a m e r t o n ; M G . Hopton ; CB. Chillesford (Wood), Chillesford (Morley).

(202) 207. Smooth or nearly so.

(215) 208. Lateral production normal, internally simple.

(214) 209. Distinctly produced laterally ; larger species.

(213) 210. Apical margin not sinuate ; breadth about l f inches.

(212) 211. Higher and larger .. . . 88. oblongoides, Wood (nivalis, Wood nec Couth).

S u p p l . — R C . Sutton, Butley; M C . Aldeburgh-Thorp, Bulchamp, Yarn Hill in SCove, Bramerton (Wood) ; CB. Chillesford, Easton Cliff (Morley), Easton cliff and N o r f o l k ; M G . Billockbv, Hopton (Wood).

(211) 212. Narrower and smaller . . Var. myalis, Couth.

90 and S u p p l . — M C . Wangford wood (Morley), Post... wick ; L G . Runton, Norfolk (Wood).

(210) 213. Margin distinctly sinuate ; breadth under an inch 89. truncata, Brown.

94.—Occurs in U p p e r Tertiary strata, but apparently ,-nQ not in SufTolk.

U09) 214. But slightly produced laterally ; smaller ; smooth 90. pvgmcea, M ü n .

95.—CC. Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sutton ; R C : ?Clyde Beds (20X1 -> (Wood)UUö) 215. Lateral production elongate, internally bisulcate 91. minuta, Mont.

92, caudata, Wood nec Don.—RC. Bawdsey, rare (Morley 1931), S u t t o n ; U G . Bridlington; Clyde Beds

(Wood).

(1751 (2141 (21 Qi )

The

f o u r s p e c i e s of UNIO a n d

ANODONTA,

named at pp. 97-102, are found in P G . strata at Grays 91 f.

• 0 n ' y ' n e a s t England, sec. Wood's Suppl. nge s m i ^' ' P ' e > displaying no teeth laterally. o ^"bdeplanate and nearly circular.

218. Ligament interna! ; undulate-striate across rings 9 2 . LORIPES

(218)210 >

divaricatus,

Linn.

137.—RC. Butley (four speeimens in Ips. Mus.), Sutton ; M C . Norwich-Thorp, ISramerton (Wood), Bramerton , • < M o r l e y ) ; M G . Hopton.

Ligament external on a fulcrum ; sculpture not undulating.

244

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G BIVAI.VE SHELLS O F T H E CRAG.

(231) 220. Palleal sinus wanting.

(226) 221. Smooth with no more than a few concentric rings DIPI.ODONTA,

Bronn.

(223) 222. Internal muscle-marks deep ; rings stronger 93. rotundata, Mont.

144.—CC. Sudbourn and Gedgrave commonly, Sutton (Morley), Gedgrave, Sudbourn, Ramsholt, Sutton; RC. Sutton (Wood), Bawdsey, Ramsholt cliff, Butley mills, Newbourn, Foxhall (Morley).

(222) 223. Muscle-marks superficial; concentric rings more weakly impressed.

(225) 224. Larger ; Shoulder obliquely impressed from umbo 94. dilatata, Wood.

145.—CC. Gedgrave, Sutton ; RC. Sutton (Wood), rare in Butley neutral (Morley).

(224) 225. Smaller; not impressed ; muscle-marks evanescent 95. Astartea, Nyst.

146.—CC. Sutton ; RC. manv from Butley (Mus. Ipsw.), Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Ramsholt quay, Shottisham, Butley, Walton (Morley); M C . Bramerton.

(221) 226. Concentrically multistriate . . LUCINA, Brug.

(230) 227. Concentric striation close and continuous, plication wanting.

(229) 228. Length well over an inch ; striation stout 96. borealis, Linn.

1 3 9 — C C . Sudbourn, Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sutton passim (Wood), Sudbourn, Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sutton ; RC. Sutton, Rendlesham, Ramsholt, Shottisham, Newbourn, Butley Neutral, Foxhall, Walton (Morley), passim; M C . Postwick, Norwich-Thorp, passim (Wood), Wangford ; CB. Easton cliff, Aldeby (Morley), Easton, Aldeby, Chillesford, Bramerton, H o r s t e a d ; M G . Billockby, Hopton (Wood). I.ucina crassidens, Wood, is probablv a Miocene derivative at Waldringfield (cf. Harmer, p. 856). {228) 229. Length under half-an-inch; striation fine..

97. crenulata, Wood.

140.—CC. Sutton (Wood), Sutton and Sudbourn, locally common (Morley).

(227) 230. Concentric rings broadly obliterating some plicae 98. decorata, Wood.

141.—CC. Sutton (Wood), Gedgrave, Sudbourn, Sutton, singly (Morley).

(220) 231. Palleal sinus deeply impressed.

(233a) 231a. Striae entirely radial from hinge to margin LUCINOPSIS,

Forb.

(233) 232. Plical Striae entire and fine, broken at r i n g s ; 1 inch 99. Lajonkairei, Pav. 148.—CC. Ramsholt, Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Gedgrave ; R C . Walton, Hollesley, Bawdsey cliff, Sutton (Morley), very rare at Sutton (Wood).

(232) 233. Smooth and but £-inch in length. N o t in Crag undata, Penn. .

Suppl.—CB. Aldeby only (Wood), Easton cliff, several in 1930 (Morley).

(231a) 233a. Striae entirely concentric throughout ARTEMIS,

Con.

<233c) 233b. Sinus apically obtuse ; Striae complete ; 2 inches high . • 100. lentiformis, Sow. 2 1 5 — C C . Sutton, Sudbourn (Morley), Gedgrave . .

RC. Sutton, Walton (Wood), Sutton hoo and chapel, Tattingstone, Newbourn, Butley, Bawdsey (Morley), Walton in abundance (Doughty).

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

245

(233b) 233c. Sinus a c u t e ; Stria; incomplete ; only I i inches high 101. lincla, Pult.

2 1 5 — C C . Gedgrave (Morley), Ramsholt, Sutton • RC. Walton (Wood), Bawdsey cliff and Foxhall, rare (Morley).

(217; 234. Neither subdeplanate nor nearly circular.

(290) 235. Equilateral or nearly so, not obviously oblique.

(237) 236. Deplanate ; ligament smaM, external ; cartilage in a process 102. SCROBICULARIA piperata, Aid. 235 and Suppl. Trigonella plana, C o s t . — R C . Ramsholt and Bawdsey cliffs rare ( M o r l e y ) ; Chillesford, S u d b o u r n , PSutton a n d ?Bawdsey; M C . Bramerton (Wood) • CB. Easton cliff, Chillesford (Morley), Chillesford, T u n s t a l l heath, S u d b o u r n Walks, Horstead • M G Billockby, H o p t o n (Wood).

(236) 237. M o r e or less convex ; ligament concealed or nearly so ; cartilage invisible.

(287) 238. Thin-shelled.

(260) 239. Hinge-tip n o r m a l ; shell never chalky .„, U4y) (248) (245) (244) n

240.

241.

242.

243.

0AJ

U4.5) 244.

(242) 245.

(24/) 246.

(24M ->±n (2411 0A8 ^

(24Q\ (2S1 ( 53) 250. ^ 25

„ . „ TELLINA, L i n n .

Entire surface striate t h r o u g h o u t .

Concentrically multistriate.

Outline hardly at all broader than high.

Large ; interstices striate ; palleal sinus oblique . .

103. crassa, Gmel.

226.—CC. near O r f o r d , Sutton (Wood), S u d b o u r n ; R C . Foxhall, Rendlesham, Bawdsey, Ramsholt S u t t o n ' Butley (Morley), Sutton, Butley, Walton ; M C . N o r w i c h T h o r p ; CB. C h i l l e s f o r d ; M G . H o p t o n , Billockby; Clyde Beds (Wood). o S m a l l e r ; interstices smooth ; palleal sinus circular 104. Baiaustina, Linn. r £ ? - — ' C C - S u t t o n ( W o o d ) ; R C . Walton, one on 3 M a yJ 1933 (Morley).

M o r e t h a n twice broader t h a n high ; palleal sinus transverse.

Distinctly smaller and m o r e convex 105. donacina, Linn.

233-—CC. Sutton (Wood), G e d g r a v e ; CB. Aldeby y TT ( M o r i e y ) ; Clyde Beds.

Very conspicuously larger and flatter 106. pulchella, L a m . r>L S u p p l . — C C . Sutton (Wood), Gedgrave (Morley).

Ubsoletely multistraite obliquely across-disc 107. fabula, G r o n .

2 3 2 . — M C . Southwold, Bulchamp, Bramerton • C B Aldeby, Horstead (Wood).

XT 1 31 stnate between t h e rings of growth.

Subconvex and distinctly as high as broad.

Larger ; lateral hinge-teeth traceable 108. obliqua, Sow. o JU Gedgrave, Ramsholt (Morley), Ramsholt, S u d b o u r n ; R C . Sutton, Ipswich, Felixstow, Bawdsey (Wood), t h e c o m m o n e s t shell Bawdsey, Bentley, N e w b o u r n , Ramsholt, Butley Neutral and mills, Hollesley, Alderton, Eyke, U f f o r d , Rendlesham, Felixstow, Chillesford, Shottisham, Foxhall ; M C . W a n g f o r d wood and B r a m e r t o n ; CB. Chillesford, Aldeby, Easton cliff (Morley).

246

A TABLE FOR NAMING BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

(251) 252.

Smaller ; lateral hinge-teeth entirely wanting 109. Balthica, Linn.

231.—RC. Bawdsey cliff, r a r e ; M C . Bramerton, Wangford wood, B u l c h a m p (Morley), W e y b o u r n , Bramerton (Wood) ; CB. Easton cliff ( M o r l e y ) ; M G . Hopton, Clippesby, Billockby; U G . Bridlington, Dalmtiir and abroad (Wood).

(250) 253. Subdeplanate ; distinctly broader t h a n high.

(259) 254. Less than half as broad again as it is long.

(256)

255.

(255) 256.

(258) 257.

(257) 258.

(254) 259.

(239) 260.

L a r g e r ; h a r d l y at all e l e v a t e d f r o m t h e

Shoulder

110. Benedeni, Nyst.

2 3 0 . — R C . N e w b o u r n , 1931 (Kendall) ; Sutton, two valves only (Wood), four at Ramsholt (Morley).

S m a l l e r ; distinctly elevated obliquely f r o m the Shoulder.

M a r g i n rectangularly p r o d u c e d at apex of elevation 111. preetenuis, W d w .

230.—RC. Walton, Sutton ( W o o d \ Sutton, Bawdsey, Rendlesham, Foxhall, Shottisham, Holleslev, Newbourn, Butley Neutral and mills, Chillesford, R a m s h o l t (Morley); M C . Bramerton, Postwick (Wood), Bulchamp, Wangford W o o d ; CB. Easton cliff, Chillesford, Aldeby (Morley).

M a r g i n r o u n d e d or obtusely s u b p r o d u c e d there 112. lata, Gmel.

2 2 8 . — R C . S u t t o n and Butley, rare (Wood), Ramsholt, Hollesley, Bawdsey, Chillesford, F o x h a l l ; M C . Bulc h a m p , W a n g f o r d wood, B r a m e r t o n (Morley), Bramerton; CB. Chillesford (Wood), very c o m m o n at Easton cliff ( M o r l e y ) ; M G . H o p t o n , B i l l o c k b y ; Clyde Beds.

Fully d o u b l e as broad as long, like T . donacina 113. compressa, Broc. (donacilla, Wood).

2 3 4 . — C C . S u t t o n (Wood), Gedgrave, rare (Morley 1930).

H i n g e - t i p w i t h s h a r p V - s h a p e d process ; shell often chalky MACTRA, L i n n .

(270) 261. Fully two inches in b r e a d t h or more.

(265) 262. Palleal sinus semicircular ; hinge laterally not striate.

(264) 263. T h r e e inches broad ; lateral hinge-laminae flat . .

114. glauca, Born.

2 4 1 . — C C . ? ; R C . N e w b o u r n , Bentley (Wood), WaltonN a z e (Morley), Bawdsey and Butley (Ipswich Mus.).

(263) 264. T w o inches broad ; lateral hinge-laminse elevated 115. stultorum, L i n n .

2 4 2 . — C C . S u t t o n ; R C . S u t t o n , Bawdsey (Wood), Felixstow, Bentley ; M C . W a n g f o r d (Morley), Bramerton; M G . ?Hopton ; Ü G . Clyde Beds, Bracklesham (Wood).

(262) 265. Palleal sinus transverse, parallel-sided ; hinge laterally striate.

(269) 266. T h i n ; s u b p r o d u c e d laterally f r o m t h e Shoulder.

(268) 267. N a r r o w e r and m o r e convex ; two inches broad 116. artopta, W o o d .

2 4 4 . — C C . S u d b o u r n rare ( W o o d ) ; R C . Hollesley, Bawdsey, Chillesford, Foxhall, Eyke (Morley).

(267) 268. Broader a n d less convex ; over three inches broad 117. arcuata, Sow. 2 4 3 . — C C . near O r f o r d , Gedgrave, R a m s h o l t , S u t t o n ( W o o d ) ; R C . Ramsholt, Bentley, W a l t o n ( M o r l e y ) , Sutton, Bawdsey, W a l t o n ; M C . Yarn Hill in SCove, P o s t w i c k (Wood).

(266) 269. T h i c k ; n o t a t all p r o d u c e d laterally ..

•• •• 118. procrassa, W o o d .

2 4 4 . — R C . Felixstow (Wood), W a l t o n , Bawdsey, Ramsholt, S u t t o n , N e w b o u r n (Morley).

A TABI.E FOR N A M I N G

BIVALVE SHELLS OF T H E CRAG.

247

(261) 270. One-and-a-half inches in breadth or less.

(280) 271. Distinctly a little transverse ; usually subproduced laterally (273) 272. Thick ; apical margin straight, though emarginate 119. deaurata, T u r t . . 249.—RC. Sutton, Walton (Wood).

(272) 273. T h i n ; apical margin evenly rounded, excepting variety.

(275) 274. One side produced ; lateral hinge-teeth striate 120. subtruncata, Cost.

247.—RC. Sutton ? (Wood), Sutton, Ramsholt, Bawdsey, Foxhall, Tattingstone, Hollesley, Shottisham, Butley; M C . Bulchamp, Bramerton (Morley), Bramerton • CB. „-, 0 Aldeby (Wood), Aldeby, Chillesford (Morley).

(2/4) 275. Subequilateral; teeth of the hinge rugose.

(279) 276. Apical margin normal, not at all sinuate.

(2/8) 277. Concentrically, interruptedly striate; umbo smooth 121. triatigula, Ren. Suppl., triangulata, Wood. Append.—CC. Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Gedgrave, S u d b o u r n ; ?RC. Bentley, Chillesford, Bawdsey; M C . Bramerton, Wangford wood ; ?CB. Easton (Morley).

(277) 278. N o t at all striate, excepting the rings ; larger 122. ovalis, Sow. 246.—CC. Sutton ? ; RC. passim Sutton, Bawdsey, Woodbridge (Wood), abundant at Sutton, Bawdsey, Alderton, Butley, Chillesford, Shottisham, Newbourn, Hollesley, abdt. ; M C . Wangford wood, Bramerton • C B Aldet, m t , \ T7o a • ; ' y (Morley), passim ; M G . Billockby, Hopton.

U / o ; z / y . Apical margin straight, but laterally emarginate Var. constricta, Wood. n 7 n osn xi , ' f u n k a s v a r - i n Suppl.—RC. Sutton (Wood).

Not ,181< l , broader than high, equilateral. r U»2) 281. Small, 1 in. b r o a d ; lateral teeth rugose subtruncata, var. obtruncata, Wood.

248, sunk as var. in Suppl.—CC. S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton (281% , o , , (Wood). inches broad 286 o i i ' c a [ g e r ' • l a t e r a I hinge-teeth striate. , 2 ? V, a u b t n a n g u l a r below, with margin evenly rounded.

K ' ^ e a r l y two inches in breadth 123. ponderosa, Stim.

(284* z ö x rA S u P P ' - - R C . Waldringfield (Wood). * ' <Jne and a quarter inches in breadth „,_, 124. solida, Linn.

245.—CC. near Orford ; R C . Bentley, Butley, Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Bawdsey, Shottisham, Newbourn, Foxhall, Walton ; M C . Wangford (Morley), Bramerton • (2831 c , Bramerton and 'Aldeby ; Clyde Beds (Wood). > *oo. oubcircular below, with margin partly sinuate 125. truncata, Mont.

245.—RC. rare at Bawdsey (Morley 1931), Sutton, Walton ; Clyde Beds (Wood). <23S) 287. Distinctly t h i c k ; like Astarte, but equilateral (289) j s o

•

atnte

...

,

..

WOODIA, D e s h .

obliquely concentric ; under margin smooth 126. digitaria, Linn.

190.—CC. passim, Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Sudbourn • RC. N e w b o u r n (Morley), Sutton, Walton, Bentley, (288) 28Q act.r i •£ eB u t l e y j M G " Hopton (Wood).

• exactly concentric ; under margin punctate 127. excurrens, Wood.

191.—CC. Sutton (Wood), Ramsholt, Sudbourn (Morley).

248

A TABLE FOR NAMING BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

(235) 290. Obviously oblique, not equilateral or nearly so.

(368) 291. Covered with distinct, often irregulär, concentric striation or costae (cp. also species 208 and 214-6, post).

(329) 292. S y p h o n s sessile or quite s h o r t ; beak usually subacute.

(328) 293. H i n g e triangular, viewed f r o m below, no lateral teeth . .

ASTARTE,

(319) (318) (309) (308) (305)

294.

295.

296.

297.

298.

(300) 299.

(299) 300.

(304) 301.

(303) 302.

(302) 303.

(301) 304.

(298) 305.

(307) 306.

(306) 307.

(297) 308.

(296) 309.

(313) 310.

Sow.

L o w e r margin strongly crenulate, w h e n m a t u r e .

F o u n d in Crag.

Occurring in both the Coralline and Red crags.

M o r e or less stoutly sculptured, except s o m e t i m e s apically.

Obtusely costate, at least towards t h e base ; usually broader than high.

Apical margin broadly incrassate b e n e a t h ; large 128. Omali, Jonk.

180.—CC. Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sutton, passim (Wood), Gedgrave abdt., Ramsholt, S u t t o n , S u d b o u r n ; RC. Eyke, Foxhall, Chillesford, Bawdsey, Tattingstone, Hollesley, N e w b o u r n , Butley, Ramsholt, Alderton, Shottisham, S u t t o n (Morley), S u t t o n ; M C . PBramerton ; M G . H o p t o n (Wood).

Apical margin not incrassate beneath.

U m b o not incrassate beyond hinge, seen f r o m b e l o w ; one inch high.

Beak acutely p r o d u c e d ; l u n u l e on venter oblique 129. Basteroti, Jonk.

177.—CC. S u d b o u r n , Ramsholt (Morley), Sudbourn, Ramsholt, Gedgrave, S u t t o n ; R C . Sutton, Felixstow, Bawdsey and rWalton (Wood), Walton, Bawdsey, Bentley, Tattingstone, Shottisham, N e w b o u r n , Foxhall (Morley).

Beak obtusely p r o d u c e d ; lunule v e r t i c a l ; smaller 130. incrassata, Broc.

178.—CC. S u d b o u r n , Sutton, passim (Wood), Sudbourn, Sutton, Gedgrave ; R C . Shottisham, Ramsholt, Chillesford, Newbourn, Tattingstone, Bawdsey, Sutton (Morley), S u t t o n ; M G . PHopton (Wood).

U m b o incrassate beyond h i n g e ; 1§ inches high . .

131. mutabilis, W o o d .

179.—CC. Gedgrave, S u d b o u r n , Sutton, Ramsholt (Wood), R a m s h o l t ; R C . Ramsholt, Hollesley, Newbourn, Foxhall (Morley), Sutton, Alderton, B a w d s e y ; U G .

Bridlington (Wood).

S c u l p t u r e d with acute s tri iE t h r o u g h o u t ; as high as broad.

Striation exactly concentric . .

132. Galeoti, N y s t (gracilis, W'ood).

185.—CC. Ramsholt, S u d b o u r n , Gedgrave, Sutton (Wood), Gedgrave, S u t t o n ; R C . Ramsholt, Butley mills, Foxhall, N e w b o u r n , Hollesley, Bentley (Morley), S u t t o n , Bawdsey (Wood).

Striation obliquely concentric across t h e disc 133. Burtim, Jonk.

188.—CC. passim, Sutton, Ramsholt, Gedgrave, Sudb o u r n (Wood), Gedgrave, S u d b o u r n ; R C . Bawdsey, Ramsholt, N e w b o u r n , R e n d l e s h a m , Foxhall (Morley), S u t t o n ; M C . PBramerton ; M G . H o p t o n (Wood).

S m o o t h , b u t evanescent growth-rings ; J-inch high 134. triangularis, M o n t .

173.—CC. S u d b o u r n , Sutton, c o m m o n (Morley), Sutton ; R C . Walton ; Clyde Beds (Wood).

N o t c o m m o n to b o t h Crags.

K n o w n to occur in Coralline, b u t not in Red, crag.

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

(312) 311. Length | - i n c h .

249

As type form supra, but beak acute . .

Galeoti, var. incerta, Wood.

Suppl.—CC. Gedgrave, Sutton : Belgium

186 and (Wood).

(311) 312. Length under a quarter-inch ; otherwise similar..

135. pygmcea, M ü n .

187.—CC. Sutton (Wood), Sutton and common at Gedgrave (Morley).

(310) 313. K n o w n to occur in Red, but not in Coralline, crag.

(317) 314. Sculpture finely striate throughout.

(316) 315. Hardly emarginate ; lunule subcircular ; £-inch high 136. crebrilirata, Wood.

184.—RC. Walton, Sutton (Wood), Sutton, Ramsholt, Bawdsey, Hollesley, Foxhall, Newbourn, Bentley (Morley).

(315) 316. Strongly emarginate beside b e a k ; lunule l o n g ; 1 i n c h . .

137. obliquata, Sow. 189.—RC. Walton, Sutton (Wood), Walton, Sutton, Bawdsey, Shottisham, Newbourn, Foxhall (Morley).

(314) 317. Coarsely costate ; strongly oblique ; J-inch long 138. sulcata, Cost.

182.—RC. Sutton, very rare (Wood), Ramsholt, Bawdsey, Shottisham, Foxhall ; CB. Easton cliff, Aldeby (Morley), A l d e b y ; M C . Bramerton ; M G . Hopton ; U G . Bridlington ; Clyde Beds (Wood).

(295) 318. In U p p e r Glacial beds. Levelly costate ; J-inch crebricostata, Forb.

186.—UG. Bridlington only (Wood).

(294) 319. Apical margin of the shell never crenulate below.

(325) 320. Found in either the Red or in the Coralline crag.

(324) 321. Occurring in the Coralline, but not in the Red, crag.

(323) 322. Finely and sparsely striate ; basally rounded 139. Forbesi, Wood (parva, Wood).

192 and Suppl.—CC. Sutton, etc., passim (Wood), Sutton, Sudbourn ; also found by me in RC. at Ramsholt and Bawdsey in 1930 (Morley).

(322) 323. Smooth, excepting growth-rings ; basally subacute 140. parvula, Wood.

175.—CC. Sutton (Wood), abundant there in the hoo (cf. Trans, supra, p. Ixvii : Morley).

(321) 324. In Red only. Evenly striate ; beak acute ; J-inch 141. compressa, Mont.

183.—RC. passim, Sutton, Alderton, Walton, Bawdsey (Wood), Walton, Bawdsey ; CB. Easton cliff and Aldeby (Morley), Aldeby, etc. ; M C . Bramerton, NorwichT h o r p ; L G . Weybourn, etc. ; M G . Billockby, Hopton ; U G . Bridlington'(Wood).

325. Not found in strata below the Mammalian Crag.

(J2/) 326. Obsoletely striate t h r o u g h o u t ; height 1J inches . .

142. borealis, Chem.

175.—(?RC. Foxhall, Ramsholt, Sutton : Morley 18951930) M C . Bramerton, Postwick, Norwich-Thorp ; CB. Coltishall, Horstead, Aldeby (Wood), Aldeby (Morley) ; L G . Weybourn, etc. ; M G . Hopton ; U G .

Bridlington, Clyde beds, Opslo, Uddevalla (Wood). n (326) 327. Nearly smooth, but at least basally costate ; J-inch 143. elliptica, Brown.

181.— M C . ?Bramerton ; Bridlington and other Glacial beds out of Suffolk (Wood).

2B

250

A TABI.E FOR N A M I N G BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

(293) 328. Hinge parallel-sided, with streng lateral teeth 144. CIRCE minima, Mont.

198.—CC. Sutton ; RC. Sutten (Wood).

(292) 329. Syphons elongate ; beak curved but not prominent.

(333) 330. Hinge parallel-sided, seen from below CYTHEREA, L a m . ( 1 8 0 6 :

nec Fab. Dip. 1804).

(332) 331. Transverse, 2 j inches broad ; obtusely costate 145. Chion?, Linn.

2 0 7 — C C . Ramsholt (Wood).

(331)^332. As high as broad, J - i n c h ; and finely striate 146. rudis, Pol. 2 0 8 . - C C . Aldeburgh (Morley), passim, Sudbourn, Ramsholt, Sutton ; RC. passim, Sutten, Walton ; MC. PNorwich ; M G . Hopton (Wood).

(330) 333. Hinge centrally constricted or expanded, viewed from beneath.

(345) 334. Hinge with 3 divergent central teeth ; coarsely costate, lower edge crenulate .. . . VENUS, Linn.

(338) 335. A little transverse; height one, to one-and-threequarter, inches.

(337) 336. Costa; close and finer; hinge laterally striate 147. casina, Linn.

210.—CC. Sutton, Ramsholt, Gedgrave, Sudbourn (Wood), Sutton, Ramsholt, Gedgrave, Sudbourn park ; RC. Tattingstone, Sutton (Morley), Sutton, Alderton, Bawdsey, Felixstow; ?MC. ; Clyde beds (Wood).

(336) 337. Costa; sparse and b r o a d e r ; hinge not striate 148. imbricata, Sow. 212.—CC. Sudbourn (Morley), Gedgrave, Ramsholt; RC. Walton, Sutton (Wood), Walton, Rendlesham, Ramsholt, Shottisham, Newbourn, Foxhall (Morley).

(335) 338. Not broader than h i g h ; at most J-inch in height.

(340) 339. Sculpture exhibiting broad and concentric costse. 6 ex " B u t l e y " (in Ips. M u s . ) are extremely like Astarte Omali, var. undata . . 149. fasciata, Cost.

211.—RC. six from Butley (Ipsw. Mus.), Sutton, Walton ; M C . Bramerton ( W o o d ) ; CB. Easton cliff, rare (Morley); M G . Billockby, Hopton (Wood).

(339) 340. Sculpture exhibiting no costa; at all.

(342) 341. Stria; fine and radiating from umbo, rings obsolete 150. ovata, Penn.

2 1 3 — C C . passim, Sutton, Gedgrave (Wood), Gedgrave, Sudbourn common (Morley); R C . Sutton, Butley; CB. Aldeby ; M G . Billockby, Hopton (Wood).

(341) 342. Striae not nearly so fine, concentric.

(344) 343. Subtransverse ; under a J-inch high. Not in Crag fluctuosa, Gould.

S u p p l . — M G . Hopton near G o r l e s t o n ; U G . Bridlington (Wood).

(343) 344. S u b o b l i q u e ; about J-inch high. Not in Crag gallina,

(334') 345.

(367) 346.

(348) 347.

(347) 348.

Linn.

Suppl.—PG. Kelsey hill only ( W o o d ) ; ?CB. Easton cliff, one (Morley). , Central hinge-teeth not divergent, nor the margin sculpturea beneath.

N o t stoutly and regularly striate throughout.

Thick, irregulär; growth-rings coarsely elevated..

151. VENERUPIS Irus, Linn.

205.—CC. Sudbourn, Sutton (Morley), S u t t o n ; HL. Walton (Wood), Bawdsey, Hollesley (Morley).

T h i n , regulär ; striation fine and not very distinct.

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G BIVALVE SHELLS OF T H E CRAG.

251

(360) 349. Oblique ; hinge not produced ; shoulders hardly raised. .

TAPES,

(359) (358) (357) (356) (355)

350.

351.

352.

353.

354.

(354) 355.

(353) 356.

(352) 357.

(351) 358.

(350) 359.

(349) 360.

Meg.

Ventral lunule indistinct; breadth at most 1J inches.

Not smooth, nor are growth-rings alone elevated.

Radial plications totally lacking.

Concentric Striae simple throughout.

Larger ; m u c h more transverse ; disc subdeplanate 152. virgineus, Linn.

201.—CC. Sutton ; RC. Sutton, W a l t o n ; M C . Bramcrton (Wood) ; CB. Aldeby (Morley).

Smaller; hardly transverse ; disc convex 153. aureus, Gmel.

202.—MC. Bramerton, abdt. ; Uddevalla (Wood). N o t recorded from Suffolk.

Concentric Striae crenulate, not simple, lines 154. texturatus, Lam. 204.—RC. Walton in Essex only (Wood). Not recorded from Suffolk.

Radial plicae distinct; rings obsolete. Not in Crag decussatus, Linn.

Suppl.—PG. Nar brickearth only (Wood).

Smooth, rings alone elevated ; breadth f - i n c h 155. pullaster, Mont.

Suppl.—RC. Waldringfield and PWalton (Wood) ; CB. Easton cliff, rare (Morley); M G . Hopton and PBillockby (Wood).

Ventral lunule deep, cordiform ; breadth 11 inches 156. perovalis, Wood.

203.—CC. Ramsholt (Wood).

Transverse ; hinge externally produced on one side ; Shoulder strongly elevated to margin PSAMMOBIA,

Lam.

(364) 361. Shoulder-deplanation reticulate. None of the genus in Red Crag, normally. ( 363) 362. Reticulation strong ; rest substriate ; breadth 1J in.

157. Ferrrensis, Chem.

221.—CC. Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sutton (Wood).

(362) 363. Reticulation weak ; rest subsmooth ; breadth J-inch 158. costulata, T u r t .

Suppl.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

(361) 364. Shoulder-deplanation not at all longitudinally sculptured.

(366) 365. Hinge-processes apically explanate ; breadth f-inch 159. tellinella, Lam. 223.—CC. Sutton ( W o o d ) ; ?RC. Walton (Morley).

(365) 366. Processes parallel-sided; breadth 2J inches 160. vespertina. Chem.

222.—CC. Sudbourn, Ramsholt (Wood) ; RC. Chillesford (Morley).

(346) 367. Coarsely striate, interstices crenate; Shoulder elevated to margin

..

..

..

1 6 1 . GASTRANA

laminosa,

Sow. 217.—CC. Gedgrave (Morley), Gedgrave, Ramsholt, Sutton ; RC. Sutton, Alderton, Bawdsey, Walton (Wood), Sutton, Ramsholt, Newbourn, Walton (Morley), Walton (Doughtv 1932).

- 1) 368. Not sculptured between the concentric rings of growth.

(406) 369. Of normal construction.

(377) 370. Apical margin crenulate beneath throughout.

252

A TABLE FOR NAMING BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE CRAG.

(372) 371. R a t h e r longer t h a n broad, like s m o o t h C a r d i u m . .

162. ERYCINELLA

ovalis,Con.

171.—CC. passim, Gedgrave, S u t t o n ( W o o d ) ; RC. Foxhall nodule-bed and R a m s h o l t cliff (Morley), Walton ; M G . H o p t o n (Wood).

(371) 372. M u c h broader t h a n high ; Shoulder not elevated DONAX, L i n n .

(376) 373. M o r e or less distinctly striate radiately f r o m u r a b o to margin.

(375) 374. Posterior side m u c h shorter ; Striae indistinct 163. trunculus, Linn.

2 1 9 — R C . S u t t o n (Wood).

(374) 375. Posterior side longer ; radiations m o r e distinct 164. vittatus, Cost.

2 1 9 . — M C . W a n g f o r d , rare, 1930 and 1931 (Morley), Bulchamp, Bramerton, Postwick ; CB. Aldeby, Horstead ; L G . Belaugh (Wood).

(373) 376. S c u l p t u r e not at all striate . . 165. politus, Pol. 220. - C C . Gedgrave, abdt., and S u t t o n (Morley), Gedgrave, S u t t o n ; R C . S u t t o n , W a l t o n (Wood).

(370) 377. Apical margin entirely u n s c u l p t u r e d beneath.

(387) 378. Shoulders rectangularly elevated to margin THRACIA, Blain.

(386) 379. S h o r t e r ; apical margin straight or b u t slightly curved.

(383) 380. Small, not broader than t h r e e - q u a r t e r s of an inch.

(382) 381. Laterally r o u n d e d . Probably not f o u n d in C r a g distorta, M o n t .

S u p p l . — V e r y doubtfully recorded by W o o d from CC. in Suffolk.

(381) 382. Laterally t r u n c a t e at one extremity 166. papyracea, Pol. 260, phaseolina, W o o d . — C C . near O r f o r d , Sutton ( W o o d ) ; R C . Bawdsey cliff ( M o r l e y ) ; CB. Sudbourn w a l k s ; L G . Belaugh (Wood).

(380) 383. Larger, at least over one-and-a-half inches b r o a d .

(385) 384. S h o u l d e r rectangular, less elevated ; lunule w a n t i n g 167. pubescens, Pult.

2 5 9 . — C C . Gedgrave, S u t t o n ; Clyde Beds (Wood); R C . Butley mills (Morley).

(384) 385. S h o u l d e r subobtuse, abruptly elevated ; lunule distinct..

168. vcntricosa, Phil.

2 6 2 — C C . near O r f o r d , Gedgrave, R a m s h o l t ; Sicily (Wood).

(379) 386. H i g h e r ; apical margin strongly curved ; largest kind . • 169. inflata, Sow. 261.—CC. S u t t o n and near O r f o r d (Wood), Gedgrave; R C . Shottisham Hall (Morley).

(378) 387. Shoulders usually elevated, b u t never triangularly.

(397) 388. Invariably less t h a n twice broader t h a n high.

(394) 389. Shell gaping, if at all, at b u t one end.

(391) 390. U m b o s u b c e n t r a l ; shoulders unusually elevated . .

THRACIA, s u p r a .

(390) 391. U m b o always quite distinctly lateral.

(3931 392. H i n g e s i m p l e ; breadth I - i n c h 170. PANDORA inaquii'ak'is, L i n n , (pinna, Wood) 270.—CC. n e a r O r f o r d and at S u t t o n ; R C . WaldringfieM. W a l t o n ; M G . H o p t o n . Var. pinna, M o n t . — R C . Walton (Wood).

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G

BIVALVE SHELLS

OF T H E CRAG.

253

(392) 393. Hinge strongly prod'iced internally b e l o w ; breadth 1 in.

1 7 1 . CORBULOMYA

complan-

ata, Sow. 275 and Suppl.—RC. very local : Chillesford, Butley Mills and Neutral, not rare ; also one at Bawdsey Cliff, May 1933 (Morley), Sutton, Walton ; Paris, etc. (Wood).

(389) 394. Gaping at both extremities ; breadth over 4J inches PANOPEA,

Men.

(396) 395. L a r g e r ; breadth fully four-and-a-half inches 172. Faujasi, Groy.

283.—CC. Sudbourn (Morley), Gedgrave, Sudbourn, R a m s h o l t ; R C . Sutton (Wood), Bawdsey, Walton (Morley).

(395) 396. Smaller; breadth at most 2f inches 173. Norvegica, Spen.

281.—RC. Chillesford (Morlev), Sutton, Butlev ; M C .

Bramerton ; CB. Chillesford ; M G . Hopton ; U G . Bridlington, Clyde beds (Wood).

(388) 397. Always fully twice as broad as long.

(399) 398. N o r m a l ; subtruncate at one end ; three inches broad . .

174.

GLYCIMERIS

angusta,

Nyst.

291.—CC. Gedgrave, Sudbourn, R a m s h o l t : RC. Sutton (Wood).

(398) 399. Irregularly compacted ; not laterally truncate SAXICAVA, F l e u r .

(401) 400. Spined down both sides of Shoulder to margin 175. arctica, Linn.

287.—CC. Sutton (Morley), Sutton ; RC. Sutton, Butley, Walton ; M C . Bramerton ; M G . Billockby, Hopton ; CB. Bramerton and Aldeby (Wood), Aldeby (Morley).

(400) 401. Not at all s p i n e d ; breadth a third to one inch.

(403) 402. Incrassate at both sides ; breadth a füll inch Var. rugosa, Penn.

285 and Suppl.—CC. S u t t o n ; R C . Sutton, Walton (Wood), Chillesford, Butley (Morley) ; U G . Bridlington, Clyde beds (Wood).

(402) 403. Not inflated. Found only in Coralline Crag.

(405) 404. Shoulder obtusely elevated to the roundeJ margin 176. fragilis, Nyst.

2 8 8 . - C C . near Orford, Sutton (Wood), Sutton uncommon (Morley).

(404) 405. Shoulder carinately elevated to the acute margin 177. carinata, Broc. , 2 8 9 . - C C . Sutton (Wood), Sutton rarely (Morlev).

I 406. Of abnormal construction.

(408) 407. R e n i f o r m ; orifice £ length of valve ; length | - i n c h 178. GASTROCHINA

dubia,

Pen. 292.—CC. S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton (Wood).

->') 408. Not r e n i f o r m ; longitudinal dorsal line trans-striate ; hingeprocess elongate. ' 409. Concentric sculpture quite distinct..

1 7 9 . PHOLADIDEA

(40Q\ 2 9 8 . - C C . Sutton (Wood). *) 410. Concentric sculpture entirely wanting 180.

(1

papyracea,

Sol. TEREDO

Norvegica,

Spen.

300.—CC. Ramsholt, S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton (Wood). ) 411. Not at all sculptured, at most displaying growth-rings (cave smooth species in above genera from No. 174).

254

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G

BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE

CRAG.

(459) 412. " Small and tender " ; always quite thin. " Fragillidae " of Wood.

(420) 413. Evenly scabrous t h r o u g h o u t ; hinge apically truncate LEPTON, T u r t .

(417) 414. Always exactly equilateral.

(416) 415. Scabrous ; not centrally impressed ; length J-inch 181. squamosum, Mont.

114.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

(415) 416. Smooth ; apical margin centrally i m p r e s s e d ; g-inch 182. deltoideum, Wood.

115.—CC. Ramsholt, S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton (Wood).

(414) 417. Always inequilateral.

(419) 418. Hinge evenly rounded ; length J-inch 183. depressum, Nvst.

116.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

(418) 419. Hinge truncate, beak produced ; rather smaller . .

184. nitidum, T u r t .

116.—CC. Sutton ; M C . Bramerton ; CB. Beccles, Aldebv (Wood).

(413) 420. Surface displaying at most mere growth-rings; hinge not truncate.

(456) 421. Shoulder not at all plicate.

(425) 422. Hinge with one obsolete tooth in each valve SPHENALIA, W d .

(423) 424.

(422) 425.

(433) 426.

(430) 427.

(429) 428.

(428) 429.

(427) 430.

(432) 431.

(431) 432.

(426) 433.

(445) 434.

(442) 435.

(441) 436.

(440) 437.

(439) 438.

(not

in

Scudder).

Like Erycinella 185. substriata, Mont.

128.—CC. Sutton and near Orford ; CB. Aldeby (Wood).

S m o o t h ; more transverse; larger. J - J inch 186. donacina, Wood.

131.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

Hinge possessing distinct teeth.

Hinge with one central and two lateral teeth ..

• • LAS/EA, Brown (Kellia, Wood).

Not oblique ; sinuate immediately beside beak.

Subcircular; length one-tenth of an i n c h . .

125.—CC. Sutton (Wood) 187. rubra, Mont.

Distinctly a little transverse ; rather longer 188. pumila, Wood.

124.—CC. Sutton (Wood), Sudbourn (Morley).

Suboblique ; not at all excavate beside beak.

Beak prominently p r o d u c e d ; length one-tenth inch 189. Clarki, Clar.

Suppl.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

Beak evenly rounded t h r o u g h o u t ; smaller intermedia, Wood.

N o t in Crag. Suppl.—CB. Aldeby; M G . Hopton (Wood).

Hinge not so.

Hinge with two central teeth in only one valve.

Hinge with one normal tooth in the other valve SCACCHIA, Phil. (Kellia, Wot)d).

N o t at all higher than broad ; emarginate beside beak ; lengtn J-inch.

Distinctly a little transverse.

Dorsal margin sinuous ; narrower 121.—CC. Sutton (Wood). 190. elliptica, Phil.

(424) 423. Plications from u m b o subentire.

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G

BIVALVE S H E L L S O F T H E CRAG.

255

(438) 439. Dorsal margin not sinuous ; broader 191. lata, Wood.

S u p p l . — C C . Sutton (Wood).

(437) 440. Distinctly a little oblique . . 192. cycladia, Wood.

122.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

(436) 441. Higher than broad ; straight beside beak ; f\j-inch 120.—CC. Sutton (Wood). 193. orbicularis, W o o d .

(435) 442. Hinge v.'ith long, obtuse tooth in other valve SCINTILLA, D e s h .

(Kellia,

Wd.) (444) 443. U m b o c e n t r a l ; apical margin s t r a i g h t ; T (j-inch broad 194. ambigua, Nyst.

120.—CC. Gedgrave and common at S u d b o u r n (Morley), Sutton and near O r f o r d ; R C . Sutton, W a l t o n ; CB. Chillesford, Aldeby (Wood).

(443) 444. U m b o lateral ; margin centrally impressed ; inch . .

195. compressa, Phil.

123, Kellia coarctata, W o o d . — C C . Sutton (Wood).

(434) 445. Hinge with two teeth in each valve.

(447) 446. All four teeth d i v e r g e n t ; subtransverse ; | - i n c h 1 9 6 . BORNIA ovalis,

Wood.

S u p p l . — C C . Sutton (Wood).

(446) 447. All the four teeth not divergent.

(449) 448. One tooth before and 1 behind connector in each valve . .

197.

KF.LLIA

suborbicularis,

Mont.

118.—CC. S u t t o n ; RC. Walton (Wood).

(448) 449. H i n d tooth formed by pressure of connector MONTACUTA,

Turt.

(453) 450. Ventral surface distinctly trans-impressed.

(452) 451. Oblong ; emarginate beside beak ; i - i n c h broad 198. bidentata, M o n t .

126.—CC. near Orford, Gedgrave, Sutton ; RC. Walton ; CB. Aldeby ; M G . H o p t o n ; P G . Pentney (Wood).

(451) 452. T r a n s v e r s e ; simple by b e a k ; j-inch broad 199. /»rrueinosa, M o n t .

129.—CC. near Orford, S u t t o n ; C B . ' A l d e b y (Wood).

(4a0) 453. Ventral surface not trans-impressed.

(455) 454. T e e t h longer ; apical margin rounded ; ii-inch broad ..

200. elliptica, Wood.

S u p p l . — C C . Sutton (Wood). (+34) 455. T e e t h shorter ; apical margin s t r a i g h t ; jt-inch broad _ __ 127.—CC. Sutton (Wood). 201. truncata, Wood.

(421) 456. Shoulder distinctly plicate from u m b o to margin ...

^

CRYPTODON,

Turt.

(458) 457. Plication once weakly folded ; beak acute ; j-inch high. .

202. rotundatum, W o o d .

135, C. ferruginosum, F o r b . — C C . very rare at Sutton only (Wood).

I4S7) 458. Plication twice boldly f o l d e d ; beak o b t u s e ; smaller 134.—CC. Sutton (Wood). 203. sinuosum, D o n . rio

459. Larger, thicker, usually stouter and altogether less fragile, N o t more than twice as broad as long.

{/t 461. Hinge not elongately dentate internally. ( 63) 462. Basal margin quite straight f r o m u m b o to near the former's ,,, extremity. ) 463. Hinge not p r o d u c e d ; breadth f - i n c h 2 0 4 . CORALI.IPHAGA

noides, W d .

200.—CC. Ramsholt, S u t t o n (Wood).

cypri-

256

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G

BIVALVE SHELLS OF T H E

CRAG.

(463) 464. H i n g e internally s e m i c i r c u l a r ; b r e a d t h 4 | inches 2 0 5 . LUTRARIA

elliptica,

Lam. 251.—CC. near Orford, S u d b o u r n , Ramsholt, Sutton ; R C . S u t t o n ; Clyde beds (Wood).

(462) 465. Basal m a r g i n m o r e or less distinctly curved.

(469) 466. H i n g e gargantuan, not p r o d u c e d ; palleal sinus absent . .

CYPRINA,

Lam.

(468) 467. Larger ; u m b o n e s less convex, not incurved to beak 206. Islandica, L i n n .

(467) 468. Smaller ; u m b o n e s m o r e convex, incurved to beak 207. rustica, Sow. 196-7 : inadequately discriminated and both generallv distributed. Islandica in C C . passim, at Gedgrave, R a m s h o l t (Wood) and A l d e b u r g h ; R C . passim, Alderton, Bawdsey, Bentley, Foxhall, Hollesley, N e w b o u r n , Ramsholt, Shottisham, Butley (Morley), Alderton, Bawdsey Felixstovv, S u t t o n ; ]\1C. passim ; CB. Southwold (Wood), Aldebv, Chillesford, Easton cliff, Covehithe beach ( M o r l e y ) ; Rillockby, Wisset, H o p t o n ; U G . Bridlington (Wood), Rustica seems rarer in C C . at S u t t o n , Sudb o u r n , Ramsholt, Gedgrave (Morley), S u d b o u r n , Ramsholt, G e d g r a v e ; R C . S u t t o n , N e w b o u r n (Wood), S u t t o n , N e w b o u r n , Shottisham, Hollesley, Ramsholt (Morley).

(466) 469. H i n g e weak, spatulately p r o d u c e d i n t e r n a l l y ; palleal sinus normal.

(473) 470. Very strongly c o n v e x ; not broader t h a n long CORBULA,

Brug.

(472) 471. Valves of subequa! size, usually weakly striate . .

208. striata, F l e m . (rosea, Wd.).

274.—CC. passim, Gedgrave, Ramsholt, S u t t o n (Wood), S u d b o u r n , Ramsholt, S u t t o n ; R C . N e w b o u r n , Ramsholt, Bawdsev, Foxhall, Butley, W a l t o n (Morley), Sutton, Bawdsey, Butley, Walton ; M C . passim (Wood), Wangford ; CB. Easton cliff (Morley), passim ; M G . Billockby, Hopton.

(471) 472. Valves unequal, always s m o o t h ; laterally p r o d u c e d 209. contracta, Sav. S u p p l . - - R C . Foxhall, N e w b o u r n , Bawdsey, R a m s h o l t ; M C . W a n g f o r d wood (Morley), B r a m e r t o n ( D o u g h t y ) ; M G . H o p t o n ; CB. D i t c h i n g h a m , Easton (Wood), E a s t o n cliff (Morley).

(470) 473. Deplanate ; broader t h a n long ; hardly ever striate.

(487) 474. S h o u l d e r scarcely elevated ; dental spatula lateral.

(482) 475. Elevation of Shoulder of normal length ; smooth ABRA,

Leach.

(479) 476. S u b c i r c u l a r ; growth-rings d i s t i n e t ; Shoulder normal.

(478) 477. Lateral dentition small and nearly flat 210. alba, W o o d .

237.—CC. S u t t o n ; R C . S u t t o n , Walton, Bawdsey (Wood), W a l t o n and n o t rare at Bawdsey ; M C . Bramerton (Morley), N o r w i c h - T h o r p and ? B u l c h a m p ; CB. ?Chillesford, PAldeby; Clyde beds.

(477) 478. Lateral dentition large and distinctly p r o d u c e d 211. obovalis, W o o d .

2 4 0 — R C . W a l t o n (Morley), S u t t o n ; M C . near Norwich (Wood).

(476) 479. T r a n s v e r s e ; rings obsolete ; Shoulder s u b p r o d u c e d .

257

A TABLE FOR N A M I N G B I V A L V E SHELLS OF T H E CRAG.

(481) 480. Broader, w i t h the shoulder-margin obtuse 212. fabalis, Wood.

238.—RC. Walton in Essex, only (Wood) ; not recorded by h i m from Suffolk. Walton and Bawdsey cliffs (Morley).

(480) 481. Narrower, w i t h the shoulder-margin acute 213. prismatica, M o n t .

239.—CC. Sutton, common (Morlev), Sutton; CB. A l d e b y ; Clyde beds (Wood).

(475) 482. Elevation of Shoulder produced and distinctly striate . .

NE/ERA, G r a y ( 1 8 4 0 , nec D e s v . i n Diptera 1830).

(486) 483. Substriate concentrically throughout.

(485) 484. Smaller; lateral production apically truncate 214. cuspidata, Oliv.

273.—FCC. Sutton (Wood).

(484) 485. Larger, 1J inches broad ; production rounded . .

215. obesa,

(483) 486.

(474) (497) (494) (491)

487.

488.

489.

490.

Lov.

Suppl.—CC. near Orford (Wood).

Trans-striate only upon the lateral production 216. jugosa, Wood.

272.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

Shoulder distinctly elevated ; dental spatula central.

Not reticulate at the base.

Breadth never exceeding a single inch.

Very nearly as long as it is broad 217. POROMYA

268.—CC. uncommon, Gedgrave, (Wood).

(490) 491. Quite distinctly transverse in outline

Nyst.

Ramsholt,

granulata,

Sutton

COCHLODESMA, C o u t h .

(493) 492. Larger, neariy 1 inch broad ; shoulder-margin obtuse . .

218. complanatum, Wood.

263.—RC. Walton in Essex only (Wood). N o t recorded from Suffolk.

(492) 493. Smaller, J-inch broad ; shoulder-margin subacute 219. pratetierum, Wood.

264.—CC. Sutton (Wood, who mentions a form, praetenue Pult., also thence). r (489) 494. Breadth varying from 1J to 4 inches MYA, L i n n .

(496) 495. Shoulder-margin r o u n d ; dental spatula laterally acute . .

220. arenaria, Linn.

279.—RC. passim, Butley, Chillesford, Foxhall, Hollesley, Ramsholt, Ufford, Bawdsey, Sutton (Morley), Bawdsey, Sutton, Felixstow ; M C . passim, Bramerton (Wood), Bramerton, Bulchamp, Wangford wood; CB. Chillesford, Easton cliff (Morley) ; M G . Hopton, ,.Q. Clippesby, Billockby ; U G . Bridlington ; Bracklesham.

1 496. Margin truncate; dental spatula laterally obtuse . .

221. truncata, L i n n .

277.—CC. passim, Gedgrave (Morley), Gedgrave, Ramsholt ; RC. passim, Sutton (Wood), Walton and Bawdsey cliffs, etc. ; M C . Bramerton (Morley), Bramerton; M G . Hopton ; CB. Chillesford, Sudbourn walks (Wood), „ Aldeby (Morley).

Jn, 497. Basally subreticulate ; breadth 3J inches 222. PHOI.ADOMYA

I ,, . '

Sow. 266.—CC. Sudbourn, Ramsholt (Wood).

Hinge elongately dentate internally.

hestertia,

258

A TABLE

FOR

NAMING

BIVALVE SHELLS

OF

THE

CRAG.

(500) 499. Hinge with two long teeth ; l f inches broad 223.

SOLECURTUS

strigillatus,

Linn.

252, Macha strigillata.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

(499) 500. Hinge with but one tooth ; ? broad 224.

LYONSIA

Norvegica,

Chem.

Suppl., sp. incert.—CC. Sutton (Wood).

(460) 501. More than twice as broad as long.

(513) 502. Hardly over twice broader than long ; hinge semilateral.

(506) 503. Outline concave from umbo to outer margin SPHENIA,

Turt.

(505) 504. Wedge-shaped ; lateral apex narrow and truncate 225. ovata, Say. Suppl., Corbula Binghami, Wood nec Turt.—CC. Sutton ; RC. Sutton (Wood).

(504) 505. Subparallel-sided; apex distinctly rounded 226. Binghami, T u r t . nec Wood.

2 7 6 — C C . Sutton (Wood).

(503) 506. Outline by no means concave f r o m u m b o to margin.

(508) 507. Roth extremities very nearly truncate 2 2 7 . S I L I Q U A R I A parva,

Spey.

Suppl.—MC. Bramerton ( W o o d ) ; CB. Easton cliff, two specimens (Morley).

(507) 508. Both extremities quite distinctly rounded CULTELLUS,

Schum.

(510) 509. Somewhat broader centrally ; breadth I i i n c h e s . .

228. cultellatus, Wood.

258 and Suppl., tenuis, Wood nec Phil.—CC. Sutton; R C . Walton (Wood).

(509) 510. Subparallel-sided transversely throughout.

(512) 511. Centre obliquely impressed ; side explanate 229. Suttonensis, Wood.

S u p p l — C C . Sutton (Wood).

C511) 512. Hardly impressed; parallel-sided throughout pellucidus, Penn.

Suppl.—PCB. Aldeby only (Wood). Not in Crag.

(502) 513. Five times broader than h i g h ; hinge in angle . .

SOLEN,

Linn.

(517) 514. Hinge grooved to receive hook , of about £ by 3 inches.

(516) 515. Curved ; umbo s u b p r o m i n e n t ; groove straight . .

230. ensis, Linn.

256.—CC. Gedgrave, Sudbourn, Sutton (Morley), Sudbourn, Ramsholt, S u t t o n ; RC. Sutton, Walton; Irish drift (Wood).

(515) 516. Straight; umbo w e a k ; groove concave. Not in Cor. Crae 231. gladiolus, Gray.

254.—RC. of Suffolk and at Walton (Wood), Walton, Ramsholt, Butlev, Foxhall (Morley).

(514) 517. Hinge bidentate ; of 1 by 5 inches. Not in Cor. Cras • • 232. siliqua, Linn.

255.—RC. Walton, Hollesley, Bawdsey, N e w b o u r n , Ramsholt, Sutton (Morlev), Sutton ; M C . Brame r t on ' CB. ?Aldeby ; M G . PHopton ; Clyde beds, etc. (Wooaj.

(1) 518. Brachiopoda, an Order of Crustacea, possessing internal skeleton.

(520) 519. Plicate throughout, like Cardium ; i-inch long •; v 233.

TEREBRATULINA

Linn.

caput,

A TABLE

FOR

NAMING

BIVALVE

SHELLS

OF

THE

CRAG.

259

(519) 520. Not at all plicate.

(522) 521. Cylindrical, like a narrow Mytilus ; J-inch l o n g . .

234.

LINGULA

Dumortieri,

Nyst.

(521) 522. By no means cylindrical.

(524) 523. Oval, strongly convex ; 1-4 inches in length 235.

TEREBRATULA

grandis,

Blum.

(523) 524. Not oval in outline.

(528) 525. Subtriangular or very nearly quadrate.

(527) 526. Impressed down each side of disc ; j-inch long 2 3 6 . RHYNCHONELI.A

psittacea,

Chem.

(526) 527. Impressed down centre of disc ; }-inch long 237.

ARGIOPE

cistellula,

Wood.

(525) 528. Subcircular, like Calyptraea ; J-inch long 2 3 8 . D I S C I N A fallens,

REVISED

H A N D - L I S T

O F

C R A G

BIVALVE

S p e c i e s in b r a c k e t ä a r e n o t y e t k n o w n in

1. gryphoides.

IsOCARDIA

2. cor.

ANOMIA

3. patelliformis.

4. striata.

5. ephippium, var. aculeata.

OSTREA

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

cylindrica. crispata. intermedia. brevis.

Candida. parva.

AVICULA

29. phalaenoides.

LIMA

princeps. edulis. plicatula. ungulata. cochlear. flabellula.

HINNITES

12. Cortesii.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

squamosa. exilis. hians.

Loscombi. plicatula. subauriculata. elongata. ovata.

PECTEN

PINNA

pectinata. rudis.

13.

MYTILUS

14. edulis, var. Hesperianus, var. giganteus.

MODIOLA

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

SHELLS.

9uifolk.

PHOLAS

CHAMA

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

Wood.

modiolus. phaseolina. barbata. sericea. discors. marmorata. costulata, var. P e t a g n s . rhombea.

38. pusio, var. stricturus.

39. dubius, var. imbricatua.

40. disparatus.

41. Bruei.

42. opercularis, var. gracilis.

43. maximus, var. grandis.

44. Westendorpi.

45. septemradiatus.

46. tigrinus.

47. princeps, var. pseudoprinceps.

48. Gerardi.

49. similis.

260

A TABLE

FOR

NAMING

BIVALVE SHELLS

OF

THE

CRAG.

LUCINA

ARCA

50. tetragona.

51. lactea.

52. pectunculoides.

CARDIUM

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

96. borealis.

97. crenulata.

98. decorata.

LUCINOPSIS

fasciatum. strigilliferum. pinnatulum.

Parkinsoni. nodosum. echinatum. edule. angustatum. venustum. decorticatum. interruptum.

Graenlandicum.

CARDITA

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

senilis. orbicularis. chamiformis. scalaris. analis. corbis. anceps.

VERTICORDIA

72. cardiiformis.

PECTUNCUI.US

73. glycimeris, var. subobliquus.

74. pilosus.

LIMOPSIS

75. aurita.

76. pygmasa.

NUCĂ&#x153;LA

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

Cobboldi. laevigata. tenuis. nitida. proxima. nucleus. turgcns.

NUCINELLA

84. miliaris.

CORBICULA

85.

fluminalis.

LEDA

86. semistriata.

87. lanceolata.

88. oblongoides, var. myalis.

(89. truncata).

90. pygmaea.

91. minuta.

LORIPES

92. divaricatus.

DIPI.ODONTA

93. rotundata.

94. dilatata.

95. Astartea.

99. Lajonkairei. undata.

ARTEMIS

100. lentiformis.

101. lincta.

SCROBICULARIA

102. piperata.

TELLINA

103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

110.

111.

112.

113.

crassa.

Baiaustina. donacina. pulchella. fabula. obliqua.

Balthica.

Benedeni. praetenuis. lata. compressa.

MACTRA

114.

115.

116.

117.

118.

119.

120.

121.

122.

123.

124.

125.

glauca. stultorum. artopta. arcuata. procrassa. deaurata. subtruncata, var. obtruncat a. triangula. ovalis, var. constrict!ponderosa. solida. truncata.

WOODIA

126. digitaria.

127. excurrens.

ASTARIE

128.

129.

130.

131.

132.

Omali.

Basteroti. incrassata. mutabilis.

Galeoti, var. incerta.

133. Burtini.

134. triangularis.

135. pygmaea.

136. crebrilirata.

137. obliquata.

138. sulcata.

139. Forbesi.

140. parvula.

141. compressa.

142. borealis.

(143. elliptica.)

A TABLE

FOR

NAMING

BIVALVE

SHELLS

OF

THE

CRAG.

LEPTON

CLRCE

144. minima.

CYTHEREA

145. Chione.

146. rudis.

VENUS

147.

148.

149.

150.

casina. imbricata. fasciata. ovata. gallina.

181.

182.

183.

184.

SPHENALIA

185.

186.

LASJEA 187.

188.

189.

VENERUPIS

151. Irus.

TAPES

152. virgineus.

(153. aureus.)

(154. texturatus.)

155. pullaster.

156. perovalis.

PSAMMOBIA

157.

158.

159.

160.

Ferroensis. costulata. tellinella. vespertina.

GASTRANA

161. laminosa.

F.RYCINELLA

162. ovalis.

DONAX

163. trunculus.

164. vittatus.

165. politus.

THRACIA

166.

167.

168.

169.

distorta. papyracea. pubescens. ventricosa. inflata.

PANDORA

194. ambigua.

195. compressa.

BORNIA

196. ovalis.

KELLIA

197. suborbicularis.

MONTACUTA

198.

199.

200.

201.

202. rotundatum 203. sinuosum.

CORALLIPHAGA

204. cyprinoides.

LUTRARIA

205. elliptica.

CYPRINA

206. Islandica.

207. rustica.

CORBUIA

208. striata.

209. contracta.

ABRA

210.

211.

212.

213.

GLYCIMERIS

214. cuspidata.

215. obesa.

216. jugosa.

POROMYA

217. granulata.

COCHLODESMA

(218. complanatum.)

219. praetenerum.

PHOLADIDEA

179. papyracea.

TEREDO

180. Norvegica.

alba. obovalis. fabalis. prismatica.

NE^ERA

SAXICAVA

178. dubia.

bidentata. ferruginosa. elliptica. truncata.

CRYPTODON

172. Faujasi.

173. Norvegica.

GASTROCHCENA

elliptica. lata. cycladia. orbicularis.

SCINTILLA

PANOPEA

175. arctica, var. rugosa.

176. fragilis.

177. carinata.

rubra. pumila.

Clarki. intermedia.

190.

191.

192.

193.

CORBULOMYA

174. angusta.

substriata. donacina.

SCACCHIA

170. insequivalvis.

171. complanata.

squamosum. deltoideum. depressum. nitidum.

MYA

220. arenaria.

221. truncata.

261

262

A TABI.E FOR

NAMING

PHOLADOMYA

BIVALVE SHELLS

OF THE

CRAG.

SOLEN

222. hesterna.

230. ensis.

231. gladiolus.

232. siliqua.

SOLECURTUS

223. strigillatus.

LYONSIA

TEREBRATULINA

224. Norvegica.

caput, L i n n .

LINCULA

SPHENIA

Dumortieri, Nyst.

225. ovata.

226. Binghami.

TEREBRATULA

grandis, Blum.

SILIQUARIA

RHYNCHONELLA

227. parva.

psittacea, C h e m .

CULTELI.US

AROIOPE

228. cultellatus.

229. Suttonensis pellucidus.

Crag Pelecypoda

cistellula, W o o d .

DISCINA

fallens, Wood.

N u m b e r of Suffolk species 226.

Crag Brachiopoda,

6,

N E W B O U L D E R I N T H E BOULDER-CLAY.â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Early one morning in mid-April last labourers, ditching some three hundred yards north of Goddards-farm (of Ordnance Map) in the south-east corner of Badingham parish near Cransford church, unearthed the flat top of a presumed flag-stone ; and the farmer left them digging it out when he went off to Saxmundham market. To his astonishment, they were still digging it out on his return in the evening ! T h e nearly quadrate igneous Boulder is just five feet broad by thirty-seven inches high and forty-two deep, thus containing nearly fifty-four cubic feet of pale pink syenitic Granite.

It has certainly lain undisturbed since first deposited among very loamy Boulder-clay from further north, on the top of a flat upland plateau between the Rivers Aide and Ore, by glacier ice of which the numerous long and mainly straight transverse scratches are conspicuous. It is now placed in the public lane, fronting the farm-house.

Technically, Dr. Herbert H . Thomas of the Geological Survey M u s e u m (who recently identified the extraneous monoliths of Stonehenge), has determined this boulder to be an abnormal rock : " It consists largely of plagioclase feispar with subordinate alkali feispar and a little quartz, while the green areas are occupied by a diopsidic pyroxene with subordinate green hornblende. For general purposes the rock might be called an augite-syenite ; but, from the curious unequal distribution of the felspathic and basic minerals, I feel that the rock is due to interflow of an acid, magma, u p o n a basic rock. I imagine that its origin is Scandinavian, tor I have not met anything similar to it from the east of Scotland or elsewhere in Britain, unless it be in the Cheviot Hills.

FRANCIS

ENGLEHEART.