SPSA Magazine 2nd Issue English

SAUDI SAUDI SUSTAIN SUSTAINABILITY ABILITY

10 SUSTAINABILITY TRENDS IN THE KINGDOM FEATURED ARTICLE

10 Leading Trends in Saudi Sustainability." From renewable energy initiatives to sustainable urban planning, this in-depth analysis delves into the key trends driving environmental stewardship and innovation across the Kingdom

Mahesh Ramanujam President and CEO, The Global Network for

Word from SPSA Founder and President

Welcome to the second issue of the Saudi Sustainability Magazine, dedicated to all those passionate about advancing environmental stewardship in our beautiful country. As sustainability professionals in Saudi Arabia, we are constantly striving to implement innovative solutions and drive positive change for a greener, more sustainable future In this issue, we showcase groundbreaking initiatives, share success stories, and explore the latest trends in sustainability practices. From renewable energy projects to sustainable agriculture practices, we aim to inspire and inform our readers on the importance of adopting sustainable practices in all aspects of our lives.

As we navigate the complex challenges of environmental conservation and climate change, it is crucial for us, as sustainability professionals, to collaborate, share knowledge, and work together towards a common goal of creating a more sustainable world for future generations.

We hope that the articles, interviews, and features in this magazine will serve as a valuable resource for you in your sustainability journey. Let us continue to push boundaries, embrace innovation, and lead by example in promoting a sustainable future for Saudi Arabia and beyond.

Thank you for your dedication to sustainability and for being a part of our community of change-makers.

Dr Mohammed S Al-Surf SPSA Founder & President

WhySPSA wasfounded?

Saudi Arabia faces the problem of a lack of professionalism and consistency in the emerging field of sustainability in the country. Currently, there are no standardized certifications, professional designations, or credentials for sustainability professionals in the country

This creates issues around consistency in job titles, salaries, and the scope of work for those in sustainability roles. It also limits career progression and credibility for sustainability professionals

To address this problem, SPSA aims to establish a professional membership program with designations and credentials in sustainability

This program will define standard job titles, salary bands, and competency requirements for different roles in the sustainability field. It will provide pathways for career progression through continuous professional development. The program will also establish SPSA as a thought leader in the space and build credibility for the sustainability profession in Saudi Arabia

Lackof professional standards

the lack of professional standards in sustainability creates problems for both employers and professionals in Saudi Arabia. By developing a robust professional membership program, SPSA can help define and elevate the sustainability profession, enabling its members to have successful and impactful careers

Key problems facing sustainability professionals and organizations in Saudi Arabia are:

A lack of awareness about sustainability best practices which limits adoption of sustainability initiatives

The absence of a professional membership organization to support, connect and set standards

Difficulty for organizations in determining and accessing sustainability expertise

Untapped opportunities for global partnerships and collaboration on sustainability issues

Prosperity

Peace

Partnership

Vision:

SPSA Pillars

Giving priority to the welfare of People of all backgrounds, ethnicity, religion, etc.

Protect our planet's natural resources and climate for future generations.

Ensure prosperous and fulfilling lives in harmony with nature.

Foster peaceful, just and inclusive society.

Implement the agenda through a solid global partnership.

Create a thriving community of sustainability professionals who are equipped with the knowledge, resources, and connections needed to drive positive change towards a more sustainable future in Saudi Arabia

Mission:

Creating an international multi-sector platform in Saudi Arabia that adopts sustainable measures and collaborates to find solutions to today’s most pressing economic, environmental and socio-political problems

Members from 92+ Countries Established

9000+ Members

SPSAEVENTS:

SPSA “Sustainability Cafe”

The SPSA Sustainability Cafe is a monthly event where members join together in an informal setting discussing important issues such as Education, Technology and IoT, Innovation, Tourism, Healthcare and much more.

The third Gathering took place on 12th of May 2024 where the topic of discussion wast “Health and Being in the built Environment”

The 3rd gathering Guests are Shannon Dunn, Delos Arabia Country Director, and Aseel Almalti, Sustainability Consultant at SECA. Moderated by Dr. Mohammed Al-Surf

SPSA EVENTS

Top 10 Sustainability Trends in Saudi Arabia

Top 10 Sustainability Trends in Saudi Arabia

The sustainability industry has been gaining significant traction worldwide, with Saudi Arabia taking noteworthy strides towards environmental conservation and sustainable practices. As reach the mid of 2024, several emerging trends are poised to shape the sustainability landscape in the Saudi market In this blog, we will explore the top 10 trends to look out for in the sustainability industry in Saudi Arabia in 2024 and beyond

1.

CircularEconomy

Adoption

The circular economy concept, aimed at reducing waste and maximizing resource efficiency, is expected to gain momentum in Saudi Arabia Businesses will focus on implementing practices such as product lifecycle optimization, waste reduction, and recycling to minimize environmental impact

Circular economy adoption refers to the transition from a linear economic model, which is based on the traditional "take-makedispose" approach, to a circular model that aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible through recycling, reuse, and regeneration

In the context of Saudi Arabia, circular economy adoption holds immense potential for sustainable development and resource conservation Here are some key aspects to consider:

Resource Efficiency: Circular economy adoption focuses on optimizing resource usage and reducing waste generation Instead of solely relying on the extraction of virgin materials, businesses can explore methods such as recycling, upcycling, and remanufacturing to prolong the life cycle of products and materials

Waste Reduction: By treating waste as a valuable resource, circular economy principles encourage waste prevention, minimization, and recovery Saudi Arabia has recognized the importance of waste management and is investing in infrastructure to enhance recycling capabilities, such as the establishment of waste sorting and recycling plants

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): Implementing EPR policies holds producers accountable for the environmental impact of their products throughout their lifecycle. Encouraging producers to take responsibility for recycling, reusing, or proper disposal of their products can incentivize the development of more sustainable and recyclable products

Repair, Refurbishment, and Remanufacturing: Adopting circular economy practices involves promoting repair, refurbishment, and remanufacturing to extend the life of products. Encouraging and enabling consumers to repair and upgrade their products instead of disposing of them can significantly reduce waste and resource consumption.

Collaboration and EcoIndustrial Parks: Circular economy adoption requires collaboration across value chains and sectors to create synergies and facilitate circular business models. Eco-industrial parks, where different industries co-locate to share resources and waste streams, can foster symbiotic relationships and promote the efficient use of resources

Digital Transformation: Technology plays a vital role in accelerating circular economy adoption Digital platforms can facilitate the sharing economy, enabling the sharing of goods, services, and resources. Blockchain technology can improve supply chain transparency and traceability, ensuring the proper disposal or recycling of products

Consumer Awareness and Behavior Change: A successful transition to a circular economy relies on consumer awareness and participation Educating and empowering consumers to make sustainable choices, such as buying products with longer lifespans or opting for reusable alternatives, can create a demand for circular products and services

Policy and Regulatory Support: Governments are crucial in fostering the adoption of circular economy practices The Saudi government has already taken steps by incorporating circularity into national strategies, regulations, and frameworks. Continued support through policy incentives, extended producer responsibility frameworks, and funding programs can further drive circular economy adoption

2.RenewableEnergy

Saudi Arabia is already making significant investments in renewable energy, with a goal of generating 50% of electricity from renewables by 2030 In 2024, the country is likely to witness a further surge in solar and wind energy projects, driving sustainable power generation and reducing reliance on fossil fuels

Renewable energy expansion refers to the rapid growth and increasing adoption of renewable energy sources as a means of power generation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and mitigating climate change impacts Saudi Arabia has been actively pursuing renewable energy expansion as part of its Vision 2030 plan, aimed at diversifying the country's economy and reducing its carbon footprint Here are some key aspects to consider:

Solar Power: Saudi Arabia has abundant solar resources, making solar power a significant focus of its renewable energy expansion efforts. The kingdom has launched several ambitious solar projects, including the development of utility-scale solar plants and the expansion of rooftop solar installations Notably, the country aims to generate 50% of its electricity from renewables, mainly solar, by 2030

2.RenewableEnergy

Wind Energy: Saudi Arabia is increasingly turning its attention towards wind energy as a viable renewable resource The country possesses favorable wind conditions in certain regions, particularly along the Red Sea coastline. As a result, Saudi Arabia has initiated projects to develop wind farms, harnessing the power of wind to generate clean and sustainable electricity. Geothermal and Biomass Energy: While solar and wind power have received more attention, Saudi Arabia is also exploring other renewable energy sources Geothermal energy, which taps into the Earth's natural heat, and biomass energy, derived from organic waste and plant matter, hold potential in the country Research and pilot projects are underway to evaluate the feasibility and potential scale-up of these alternative energy sources.

Energy Storage Solutions: One of the challenges with renewable energy sources is intermittency, meaning they don't provide a constant power supply. To address this issue, Saudi Arabia is exploring the integration of energy storage solutions, such as advanced batteries and hydrogen storage systems Energy storage technologies can store excess renewable energy during peak generation periods and release it when needed, ensuring a stable and reliable power supply.

Job Creation and Economic Growth: Renewable energy expansion presents significant opportunities for job creation and economic growth. Saudi Arabia aims to localize the development and manufacturing of renewable energy technologies, attracting investments and creating a skilled workforce in the renewable energy sector This focus not only helps diversify the economy but also enhances national energy security and reduces dependence on fossil fuel imports.

International Collaborations: Saudi Arabia is actively engaging in international collaborations to accelerate renewable energy expansion. The country has partnered with global leaders in renewable energy technology and expertise, fostering knowledge exchange, joint research, and development projects These collaborations enable Saudi Arabia to leverage international experience and accelerate its renewable energy goals

3.GreenBuildingPractices

Sustainable construction and green building practices will continue to be a focal point in Saudi Arabia. Developers will embrace ecofriendly designs, energy-efficient materials, renewable energy integration, and smart building technologies, promoting sustainable urban development

Green building practices focus on creating sustainable and environmentally friendly structures, leveraging innovative design, construction, and operation techniques In Saudi Arabia, green building practices have gained momentum as the country seeks to promote sustainable urban development and reduce the environmental impact of the building sector. One key tool in achieving this is the use of the local Mostadam rating system

3.GreenBuildingPractices

Net-Zero Energy Buildings:

The concept of net-zero energy buildings, which produce as much energy as they consume, is expected to grow in popularity Advancements in energy efficiency measures, integrated renewable energy systems, and energy storage solutions will contribute to the development of net-zero energy buildings in Saudi Arabia.

Smart Building Technologies: The integration of smart building technologies will become more prevalent in green building practices. This includes the use of sensors, automation, and data analytics to optimize energy usage, improve occupant comfort, and enhance the overall operational performance of buildings

Health and Wellness Focus:

The emphasis on occupant health and wellness within green buildings will continue to gain traction Building designs that prioritize natural lighting, indoor air quality, biophilic elements, and the use of nontoxic building materials will be encouraged to create healthier and more productive indoor environments

Water-Saving Solutions:

With water scarcity concerns in the region, green buildings will adopt advanced water-saving solutions This includes the use of efficient fixtures, greywater recycling systems, rainwater harvesting, and the integration of smart irrigation technologies to reduce water consumption and promote responsible water management.

Circular Economy

Integration: Circular economy principles, such as waste reduction, materials reuse, and recycling, will be further integrated into green building practices Building materials with a focus on lifecycle analysis, sustainable sourcing, and end-of-life considerations will play a significant role in creating more circular supply chains within the construction industry.

Certification and Compliance: Green building certification systems, including the Mostadam rating system in Saudi Arabia, will become more widely adopted Building developers and owners will strive to achieve green building certifications to validate their sustainability commitments and enhance their market competitiveness

3.GreenBuildingPractices

Green Retrofitting: As the existing building stock in Saudi Arabia is vast, the retrofitting of older buildings with green technologies and sustainable practices will gain importance Retrofitting initiatives will focus on improving energy efficiency, water conservation, and indoor environmental quality in existing structures, contributing to the overall greening of the building sector

Collaboration and Knowledge

Sharing: Collaboration between various stakeholders, including government entities, architects, engineers, builders, and sustainability professionals, will continue to foster knowledge sharing and best practice exchange. Associations and forums focused on green building practices will play a vital role in creating a collaborative platform for sharing experiences, challenges, and solutions

4.WaterConservation

Given its arid climate, water conservation will remain a key priority for Saudi Arabia. Efficient irrigation systems, water reuse, and desalination technologies will be widely adopted, ensuring sustainable water management and reducing water scarcity challenges.

In 2024, several key trends are likely to shape water conservation efforts in Saudi Arabia These trends reflect the country's commitment to sustainable water management and addressing water scarcity challenges:

Advanced Water Conservation Technologies: The adoption of advanced technologies for water conservation will witness significant growth These may include smart irrigation systems, precision agriculture techniques, and better leak detection and water monitoring systems to optimize water usage in agriculture, landscaping, and urban settings

Desalination and Treatment Innovations:

Saudi Arabia heavily relies on desalination for its water supply In 2024, there will be a focus on advancing desalination technologies, including more energy-efficient processes and the utilization of renewable energy sources to power desalination plants Additionally, advancements in water treatment technologies and techniques will enhance water reuse capabilities, increasing the efficiency of water resources

Demand Management and Behavior Change:

Personal and institutional behavioral changes will play a significant role in water conservation Greater awareness campaigns and educational initiatives will encourage efficient water use practices at the household and corporate levels Businesses and industries will continue to implement watersaving strategies and invest in efficient technologies to reduce water consumption

4.WaterConservation

Implementation of a More Stringent Water Pricing Mechanisms: The implementation of water pricing mechanisms, including tiered pricing structures and incentives for water conservation, may see increased traction in Saudi Arabia. This can encourage individuals and businesses to monitor and reduce their water consumption, promoting responsible water usage

Policy and Regulation Development: The Saudi government has been actively developing policies and regulations to address water scarcity In 2024, there will likely be a continued focus on enforcing and strengthening water-related regulations, as well as incorporating water conservation considerations into various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and urban planning.

Water Management and Infrastructure Upgrades: Upgrading water management infrastructure will be a priority. This may involve implementing advanced metering systems for better water management, improving distribution networks to minimize water loss during transport, and enhancing wastewater treatment facilities to increase water reuse.

Research and Development: There will be increased investment in research and development related to water conservation in Saudi Arabia. This includes exploring innovative solutions such as nanotechnology for water treatment, biological filtration systems, and new agricultural techniques that reduce water requirements while maintaining crop productivity

International Collaboration and Knowledge Exchange: Saudi Arabia will continue to collaborate with international organizations and research institutions to exchange knowledge and experiences in water conservation. Collaborative efforts will involve sharing best practices, lessons learned, and technologies to enhance water management and conservation strategies in the country.

5.ElectricVehicle(EV)Revolution

The Saudi government's commitment to phasing out conventional vehicles and promoting electric mobility will drive the uptake of electric vehicles By 2024, we can expect to see an extensive EV charging infrastructure, incentives for EV adoption, and increased availability of electric vehicle models in the Saudi market

The Electric Vehicle (EV) revolution in Saudi Arabia is expected to gain significant momentum by 2024. The country has set ambitious goals to transition to clean and sustainable transportation, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and mitigate environmental pollution. Here are some key trends shaping the EV revolution in Saudi Arabia:

Expanding EV Charging Infrastructure:

The growth of the EV market relies on a robust charging infrastructure. In 2024, there will be a significant expansion of EV charging stations across Saudi Arabia, including public charging stations in urban areas, along highways, and at shopping centers, parking lots, and other strategic locations Fast-charging stations with shorter charging times and innovative charging technologies will likely be introduced to enhance convenience for EV owners.

Incentives and Financial Support:

The Saudi government is expected to continue offering incentives and financial support to facilitate the adoption of EVs. Incentives could include tax credits, reduced registration fees, subsidies, and favorable financing options, making EVs more affordable and attractive for consumers Additionally, the government may incentivize businesses and fleet operators to transition to electric vehicles

5.ElectricVehicle(EV)Revolution

Diverse EV Models and Availability: In 2024, there will be a broader range of EV models available in Saudi Arabia as global automotive manufacturers expand their electric vehicle offerings. This will provide consumers with more options, catering to different preferences and needs, including sedans, SUVs, and commercial vehicles. Increased availability of EV models will contribute to the growth and acceptance of electric vehicles in the Saudi market.

Localization of EV Production: Saudi Arabia aims to localize the production of EVs and their components as part of its economic diversification efforts. By 2024, there may be increased investments in the local manufacturing of EVs, battery technologies, and charging infrastructure components. This will not only create job opportunities but also promote the development of a domestic EV industry

Supportive

Policies and Regulations: The Saudi government is expected to introduce policies and regulations that promote EV adoption and support the growth of the EV market. This may include initiatives such as establishing emissions standards, implementing stricter fuel efficiency regulations, and encouraging government fleets to transition to electric vehicles

Awareness and Education:

Increasing awareness and educating the public about the benefits of EVs will be a key trend in 2024 The government and automotive industry stakeholders are likely to invest in awareness campaigns and educational programs to inform consumers about the environmental benefits, cost savings, and overall advantages of driving electric vehicles.

Integration of Renewable Energy:

Saudi Arabia's renewable energy expansion will intersect with the EV revolution. Integrating EV charging infrastructure with renewable energy sources, such as solar, will contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable transportation system. This convergence will enhance the environmental benefits of electric vehicles and further support the country's renewable energy goals

6.SustainableAgriculture

Saudi Arabia aims to reduce its dependence on food imports and enhance local agricultural production sustainably Investments in hydroponics, vertical farming, and precision agriculture techniques will gain momentum, ensuring efficient resource utilization and minimizing environmental impact.

In 2024, sustainable agriculture in Saudi Arabia is expected to witness significant trends that promote resource efficiency, food security, and environmental stewardship As the country aims to enhance local food production and reduce reliance on imports, the following trends are likely to shape sustainable agriculture practices:

6.SustainableAgriculture

Hydroponics and Vertical Farming: Hydroponics, a soilless farming technique that uses nutrient-rich water, and vertical farming, which involves cultivating crops in vertically stacked layers, will gain traction. These methods can maximize land utilization, reduce water consumption, and enhance crop productivity Innovative technologies, such as automated systems and LED lighting, will be employed to optimize yields and resource efficiency

Precision Agriculture: Precision agriculture techniques will become more prevalent in Saudi Arabia Advanced technologies, including Geographic Information System (GIS), drones, and sensors, will be utilized to monitor crops, soil moisture levels, and nutrient requirements This data-driven approach will enable farmers to optimize inputs while minimizing waste, resulting in improved resource allocation and sustainable agriculture practices

Organic Farming: In response to increasing consumer demand for healthy and environmentallyfriendly food, organic farming will experience growth More farmers will adopt organic practices, which prioritize natural fertilizers, crop rotation, and pest management techniques that avoid synthetic chemicals Organic farming not only promotes sustainable land management but also preserves biodiversity and supports ecosystem health

Water-Efficient Irrigation

Systems: Given Saudi Arabia's arid climate, water-efficient irrigation systems will play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture Drip irrigation, micro-irrigation, and precision sprinkler systems will be favored to minimize water wastage. Adoption of smart irrigation technologies that incorporate real-time weather data and soil moisture sensors will optimize water usage and reduce water stress on crops.

Sustainable Soil Management:

Soil health and fertility will be prioritized through sustainable soil management practices This includes techniques such as cover cropping, composting, and integrated nutrient management to enhance soil structure, organic matter content, and nutrient availability. Soil conservation practices will be integrated to reduce soil erosion and protect valuable agricultural land

6.SustainableAgriculture

Agroforestry and Agroecology: Agroforestry, the integration of trees and agricultural crops, and agroecology, which focuses on mimicking natural ecosystems, will gain attention. These approaches provide multiple benefits, including carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and enhanced soil fertility Planting trees in and around agricultural fields can provide shade, conserve water, and contribute to sustainable land use practices

Technology Adoption: Saudi Arabia's strong focus on technological advancements will extend to sustainable agriculture. Adoption of digital tools and agricultural apps for crop monitoring, weather forecasting, and pest control will increase Farm management systems, remote sensing, and blockchain technology for supply chain transparency may be utilized to enhance farm efficiency, traceability, and food safety

Organic Waste Recycling: Recycling organic waste through composting or anaerobic digestion will be a key trend in 2024. By diverting organic waste from landfills and utilizing it as nutrient-rich compost or biogas for energy generation, Saudi Arabia can enhance resource efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and close the loop in the circular economy

7.WasteManagementandRecycling

Efficient waste management systems and recycling facilities will continue to be a priority Increased efforts towards waste segregation, recycling infrastructure development, and waste-to-energy projects will contribute to a more sustainable waste management ecosystem.

In 2024, waste management and recycling in Saudi Arabia are expected to witness significant trends that promote sustainable waste practices, resource recovery, and circular economy principles As the country aims to reduce waste generation and enhance resource efficiency, the following trends are likely to shape waste management and recycling practices:

7.WasteManagementandRecycling

Advanced Recycling

Infrastructure: The construction of advanced recycling facilities, such as material recovery facilities (MRFs) and state-of-the-art recycling plants, will increase These facilities will enable the efficient sorting, separation, and processing of recyclable materials, including paper, plastics, metals, and glass

Waste Segregation at Source: The focus on waste segregation at the source will intensify. Households, businesses, and institutions will be encouraged to separate their waste into different streams, such as organic waste, recyclables, and non-recyclables. This practice will facilitate effective recycling and composting processes, reducing waste contamination and increasing material recovery rates

Plastic Waste Reduction: Addressing the plastic waste crisis will be a primary concern. Saudi Arabia is expected to enforce stricter regulations on single-use plastic items, such as bags and packaging Initiatives promoting plastic waste reduction through alternative materials, recycling programs, and the development of a domestic plastic recycling industry will gain momentum

Waste-to-Energy Projects: Waste-to-energy projects, which convert waste into usable energy through processes like incineration or anaerobic digestion, will see increased adoption. These projects contribute to both waste management and energy generation goals, reducing landfill waste volumes while producing renewable energy.

E-Waste Management: The management of electronic waste (e-waste) will receive greater attention. With the increasing use of technology, e-waste poses environmental and health risks if not handled properly In 2024, there will be a focus on establishing e-waste collection and recycling systems to recover valuable materials and ensure environmentally sound disposal of electronic devices.

7.WasteManagementandRecycling

Responsible Hazardous Waste Management: The proper management and disposal of hazardous waste will remain a priority. In 2024, there will be an increased emphasis on implementing stringent regulations and procedures to handle hazardous waste, ensuring its safe treatment, storage, and disposal to protect public health and the environment

Public Awareness and Education: Awareness campaigns and educational programs promoting responsible waste management and recycling practices will gain prominence These initiatives will target individuals, communities, and businesses, emphasizing the importance of waste reduction, recycling, and the proper disposal of different waste streams

Circular Economy Integration: The principles of the circular economy will be further integrated into waste management and recycling practices This involves prioritizing waste reduction, promoting recycling and reusing materials, and encouraging the development of a market for recycled products. Collaboration with manufacturers and businesses in promoting closed-loop systems will be emphasized

Data and Analytics: The use of data and analytics to monitor and optimize waste management operations will increase. Technologies such as waste tracking systems, smart bins, and data analytics platforms will facilitate datadriven decision-making, leading to more efficient waste collection, better recycling processes, and improved resource allocation.

8.ESGIntegration

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors will play a vital role in shaping investment decisions. Companies will increasingly integrate sustainable practices into their business strategies to attract investors, comply with regulatory requirements, and enhance their reputation.

In 2024, the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in Saudi Arabia is expected to see notable trends As ESG considerations become increasingly important for investors, stakeholders, and businesses, Saudi Arabia will likely embark on various initiatives to enhance ESG integration. Here are some key trends to anticipate:

ESG Reporting and Disclosure: In line with global ESG reporting frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), Saudi Arabian companies will focus on improving transparency by disclosing their ESG commitments and performance Increased ESG reporting will provide stakeholders with accurate and comparable information to assess companies' sustainability practices

Sustainable Finance and Investment: The demand for sustainable finance and investment products will grow in Saudi Arabia. Financial institutions will introduce more ESG-focused products, including green bonds, sustainability-linked loans, and ESG-themed investment funds. This will enable investors to allocate their capital towards companies that demonstrate strong ESG practices

ESG Governance and Board Diversity: Companies in Saudi Arabia will prioritize ESG governance and board diversity, recognizing the importance of diverse perspectives and expertise in decision-making Efforts will be made to align board composition with gender diversity, talent diversity, and relevant ESG expertise.

8.ESGIntegration

Climate Risk Management and Disclosure: Given the increasing emphasis on climate change mitigation, companies in Saudi Arabia will enhance their climate risk management strategies. This will involve evaluating and disclosing climate-related risks and opportunities, setting emissions reduction targets, and implementing adaptation measures to manage the physical and regulatory impacts of climate change

Social Impact and Community Engagement: Companies will focus on social impact initiatives and community engagement, addressing local societal needs They will invest in corporate social responsibility programs, philanthropy, and community development projects that contribute to social wellbeing, support education, empower local communities, and enhance stakeholder trust.

Supply Chain Responsibility and Ethical Sourcing: ESG integration will extend to supply chain management, with companies prioritizing responsible sourcing practices Ensuring the ethical treatment of workers, managing environmental impacts along the supply chain, and mitigating human rights risks will be integral to corporate sustainability strategies.

Inclusion and Diversity in the Workplace: Increasingly, companies will recognize the value of fostering inclusive workplaces and promoting diversity at all levels. Efforts will be made to eliminate gender and ethnic disparities, enhance accessibility for people with disabilities, and create an inclusive culture that embraces diverse backgrounds and perspectives

Stakeholder Engagement and Materiality Assessment: Enhancing dialogue and collaboration with stakeholders will be a key trend Companies will prioritize engaging with shareholders, employees, customers, communities, and civil society organizations to understand their concerns, expectations, and feedback Materiality assessments will help identify and prioritize ESG issues that are most significant to stakeholders and the company's long-term success

9.Eco-TourismandNatureConservation

Saudi Arabia's rich natural landscapes, including national parks and reserves, offer significant potential for eco-tourism development In 2024, there will likely be an upsurge in sustainable tourism initiatives, promoting conservation, local community engagement, and the preservation of natural heritage

In 2024, eco-tourism and nature conservation in Saudi Arabia are expected to witness significant trends as the country aims to harness its rich natural landscapes and promote sustainable tourism. Here are some key trends to anticipate:

9.Eco-TourismandNatureConservation

National Park Development:

Saudi Arabia has extensive natural areas that are prime for eco-tourism development In 2024, there will likely be increased efforts to develop and enhance national parks, nature reserves, and protected areas. These areas will be carefully managed, offering visitors opportunities for nature exploration, wildlife observation, and outdoor recreation.

Sustainable Tourism Initiatives: Sustainable tourism practices will be a priority in Saudi Arabia Tour operators, hotels, and attractions will adopt sustainable management practices to minimize environmental impact, conserve natural resources, and support the local community Efforts will be made to adhere to international sustainability standards and certifications, such as those promoted by the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC)

Biodiversity Conservation: Conservation efforts to protect Saudi Arabia's unique biodiversity will gain momentum Conservation organizations, government agencies, and stakeholders will collaborate to safeguard endangered species, restore habitats, and promote responsible wildlife viewing practices Initiatives like reintroduction programs and community-based conservation will play a central role

Interpretive and Educational Programs: Interpretive and educational programs will be expanded to raise awareness about Saudi Arabia's natural heritage Visitor centers, guided tours, and educational materials will offer insights into the country's ecosystems, geology, and cultural history. This will enhance visitor experiences and foster a deeper appreciation for the environment.

Adventure and Sustainable Outdoor Activities: Sustainable and low-impact adventure tourism activities will see growth Opportunities for hiking, camping, birdwatching, diving, and experiencing Saudi Arabia's unique landscapes will expand These activities will be carefully managed to minimize environmental disruption and ensure visitor safety.

Cultural Heritage Preservation: Eco-tourism in Saudi Arabia will place a strong emphasis on preserving and promoting the country's cultural heritage Efforts will be made to develop sustainable tourism models that celebrate traditional practices, support local artisans and communities, and maintain the authenticity and integrity of cultural sites.

9.Eco-TourismandNatureConservation

Nature-Based Tourism Infrastructure: Infrastructure development will support sustainable ecotourism experiences. This includes the establishment of eco-lodges, campgrounds, and visitor amenities that blend harmoniously with the natural environment. Sustainable design principles, energy-efficient systems, and utilizing renewable energy sources will be integral to infrastructure development

Digital Tourism and Visitor Management: Digital technologies will be leveraged to enhance visitor management and minimize environmental impact. Mobile apps, online booking systems, and smart visitor management solutions will facilitate crowd control, track visitor flows, and provide real-time information and interactive experiences.

Community Engagement and Empowerment: Engaging local communities in eco-tourism initiatives will foster their active participation and ensure equitable distribution of benefits Community-based tourism enterprises, cultural exchanges, and capacity-building programs will empower local residents to actively contribute to and benefit from eco-tourism development.

10.InnovationandDigitalization

Technological advancements and digital solutions will drive sustainability innovations in various sectors. From blockchain for supply chain transparency to artificial intelligence for energy efficiency, emerging technologies will contribute to sustainable practices and enhance operational efficiency

Innovation and digitalization in Saudi Arabia are expected to witness significant trends in 2024 The country is actively investing in technology and innovation to drive economic diversification, enhance efficiency, and promote digital transformation. Here are some key trends to anticipate:

Smart Cities and Digital Infrastructure: Saudi Arabia will continue its focus on developing smart cities and robust digital infrastructure. This includes the deployment of advanced technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data analytics to improve urban planning, resource management, and enhance the quality of services in areas such as transportation, utilities, and public safety

Digital Government and E-Government Services: The Saudi government will increasingly leverage digital platforms to deliver efficient and citizen-centric services. E-government services will be expanded, allowing citizens and businesses to access government services online, streamline processes, and reduce bureaucracy This includes e-payments, digital document management, and online service delivery across various sectors

10.InnovationandDigitalization

Startups

and Innovation

Ecosystem: The Saudi government's commitment to fostering entrepreneurship and innovation will continue to drive the growth of the startup ecosystem In 2024, there will be an increase in initiatives, funding, and support programs to nurture startups, encourage innovation, and attract international talent Incubators, accelerators, and innovation hubs will play a vital role in promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing.

Digital Transformation in Industries: Major industries in Saudi Arabia, such as healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and logistics, will undergo digital transformations This will involve the adoption of technologies like AI, automation, robotics, and data analytics to enhance operational efficiency, improve decision-making, and deliver innovative products and services

Blockchain Adoption: Blockchain technology will see increased adoption across various sectors in Saudi Arabia. The transparent and secure nature of blockchain will enable applications such as supply chain management, digital identity verification, smart contracts, and secure transactions. This technology can enhance trust, efficiency, and traceability in sectors such as finance, logistics, and public administration

Innovation in Renewable Energy: Saudi Arabia's commitment to renewable energy expansion will drive innovation efforts in the sector. Technological advancements in solar panel efficiency, energy storage, and grid integration will accelerate the country's transition to clean energy Distributed generation and the use of blockchain for peer-topeer energy trading may also gain prominence

Digital Skills Development: Efforts to develop digital skills and build a tech-savvy workforce will intensify. Education and training programs will focus on equipping individuals with the necessary digital literacy, coding skills, and emerging technology expertise Initiatives will aim to fill the digital skills gap, support job creation in the digital economy, and foster a culture of innovation.

Data Privacy and Cybersecurity: As digitalization advances, ensuring data privacy and cybersecurity will be paramount. Saudi Arabia will prioritize the development and enforcement of robust privacy and cybersecurity regulations. Investments in cybersecurity infrastructure, training programs, and collaborations with international entities will aim to protect private data, critical infrastructure, and digital assets.

What Sustainability Pioneers Say!

ACCELERATING A NET ZERO SAUDI ARABIA: THE NECESSARY TOOLS FOR DECARBONIZING AND FUTURE PROOFING THE KINGDOM’SBUILDINGSECTOR

BY: MAHESH RAMANUJAM – PRESIDENT & CEO, GLOBAL NETWORK FOR ZERO

During COP28, my team and I were at the center of the action when we hosted the Global Network for Zero’s (GNFZ) booth in the Green Zone Alongside other climate mitigation leaders, net zero advocates, and our neighbors in the Saudi Green Building Forum pavilion, we witnessed the convergence of long overdue, cross-sector advancements necessary for refocusing our collective efforts on decarbonization and creating a net zero world.

I was heartened by the announcement of the Net-Zero Data Public Utility and the launch of the Buildings Breakthrough, a strategy from the Governments of France and Morocco with the UN Environment Programme for ensuring near-zero emissions and climate resilient buildings are the new normal by 2030 The Industrial Deep Decarbonization Initiative revealed significant timeline-bound commitments from Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States to set emissions reduction thresholds for whole project life cycle assessments or LCAs to achieve net zero emissions in public buildings and infrastructure And of course, perhaps most relevant to the urgent need for emissions reduction and elimination in Saudi Arabia was the December 4, 2023 announcement during the Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) Forum of the kingdom’s 300% increase in installed renewable capacity (2.8 GW connected to the grid) and its 8+ GW generation capacity of renewable projects that would be under construction by the end of last year

These initiatives certainly highlighted an increasingly aligned multinational response to the challenges of a warming world But for all the sweeping declarations and roadmaps celebrated at COP28, I noticed in my on site conversations with business leaders from the Middle East and beyond, significant questions still remained: “Where do I start my decarbonization journey?” “How can I scale these solutions?” And most importantly, “What’s the best tool for acceleration?”

On the one hand, it’s 2024. It’s hard to believe the information gap is still so considerable. Locally, the Saudi Green Initiative touts its response to those concerns with a robust plan for “clear objectives” and “measurable impact ” And to date, because the people of Saudi Arabia genuinely understand the stakes for creating a net zero world, we are already seeing the early returns of this public-private sector collaboration. Dubbed a Saudi Arabian ‘smart city,’ NEOM has announced USD 500 billion from the Public Investment fund, as well as from local and international investors and says behind its vision is a community powered across 14 sectors. Additionally, across the kingdom, more than 150,000 homes are now powered by clean energy There is broad implementation of the Circular Carbon Economy National Program to reduce, reuse, recycle and remove emissions And with more than 80 comprehensive initiatives outlined specifically for cutting the country’s carbon footprint, the kingdom is officially set to reduce its emissions by 278 mtpa by 2030 and become completely net zero by 2060. These exceptional strides illustrate that the data, incentive, and even the examples of progress in this space are afoot. One might even presume that with Saudi Arabia’s sense of urgency, its renewed focus on decarbonization and its efforts to amplify shared best practices, the global momentum should be there as well

But on the other hand, history has proved that presumption to be premature. Simply having an awareness of the existential risk emissions pose to humanity has not always translated to action In fact, more than three decades have passed since the green building sector emerged in the 1990s, and yet we only have approximately a few thousand green buildings in Saudi Arabia and a few 100,000 green buildings globally Furthermore, only 0 023% of all buildings globally are net zero, and most of them are “net zero energy,” only accounting for Scope 1 and 2. This is problematic given that Scope 3 emissions usually are for the highest source of emissions and spans across the value chain It’s no wonder even some of the most optimistic leaders have difficulty starting and staying on their net zero journeys

The obstacles are substantial and emblematic of the stagnancy and saturation extremes around information in the sustainability movement as a whole The market still doesn’t fully comprehend the urgency of greening buildings to align with Paris Agreement targets. People who don’t know the built environment accounts for nearly 40% of the world’s emissions aren’t taking the transformative steps to work towards net zero Additionally, companies often create net zero plans without having a thorough understanding of their emissions especially Scope 3

These well-intentioned, prospective net zero adopters might have their commitment but are left wondering how to establish a proper roadmap with a realistic timeline, how to find the elusive capital needed to pay for it, and lack the definitive answer on where to begin and what to prioritize And because of the gatekeeping that often plagues making substantive change at scale, even when the information around best practices is there, it isn’t shared properly or at all Facility managers, developers, and owners frequently report that they don’t have enough good ROI data to make the case to stakeholders around the benefits of greening existing buildings.

Saudi Arabia is no stranger to these and other challenges During my tenure as President and CEO of the U.S. Green Building Council, SPARK became the first industrial city in the world to obtain LEED Silver certification, but that was no easy feat After hitting this benchmark in 2020, the pandemic disrupted the initial phase one construction timelines and required innovative solutions to keep pace for the project’s completion. It’s thrilling to see that today, SPARK’s commitment to innovation continues. Its administration building has not only become the first commercial building in the MENA region to use Conxtech the revolutionary steel technology that drastically reduces traditional engineering and construction footprints but that as a whole, this project also serves as a symbol for the progress decarbonizing across operations and doing so at scale can yield

Our GNFZ Partner, Dr. Mohammad Al-Surf, the Carbon Director for environmental consultancy Tilad, correctly identifies another reason why overcoming these challenges and decarbonizing the building sector in Saudi Arabia must be prioritized, saying, “Countries that are heavily reliant on oil production must also recognize the importance of diversifying their economies and reducing dependence on fossil fuels Transitioning the building sector to net-zero energy operation is a key step in this process, and it also provides significant economic opportunities by fostering green job creation, stimulating innovation in renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies and developing local expertise in sustainable construction practices.”

At GNFZ we are working in tandem with our partners at Tilad, and companies like Oman Think Urban and Sacred Groves, to not only transition the building sector and diversify and green the Saudi Arabian economy and MENA region, but we are helping them answer the call for that acceleration tool that was such a recurring topic of conversation at COP28. The reality is that Saudi Arabia can meet its 2030 interim net zero targets and its ultimate national goal of decarbonizing in full by 2060 by ensuring its leaders can work together to eliminate emissions with shared best practices across sectors. But that realization, that accelerated net zero kingdom, will only be possible with multi-sector embrace of those entities focusing on accelerated decarbonization

With a growing presence as just such an entity, GNFZ has become the world’s premier independent net zero certification body offering third party net zero certification to businesses, buildings, communities, cities, products, processes and more We pride ourselves on providing a platform with affordable strategies and incremental, end-to-end solutions to help businesses and individuals accelerate their shift to zero emissions operations But more than anything else, we are a tool for accelerating the net zero journey and specifically the Scope 3 emissions reduction and elimination of any building or business in need of our unique approach.

Consider that manufacturing, materials and transport required to build a structure make up at least 11% of its lifetime emissions This is no small fraction of the endeavor As such, Scope 3 has become both the Achilles Heel and the biggest opportunity for change of not just the Saudi Arabian real estate landscape, but the global real estate sector as a whole Take our work with Shree Ramkrishna Exports Pvt Ltd (SRK), located in Surat, India Knowing the tremendous portion of its operations could be attributed to its Scope 3 footprint, in the early stages of the net zero certification process, the company opted to tackle them head on Some Scope 3 strategies included converting all SRK owned cars to electric, creating an app to track daily commute modes and practices by employees, restricting paper and plastic use in their facilities and planting trees over 200 acres

With our partnerships in the region, we are already well on our way to replicating the SRK model of accelerated success in Saudi Arabia. We start by helping everyone from small startups to multinational corporations perform carbon assessments and calculations, develop their plans for reduction and elimination of Scope 1, Scope 2, and especially Scope 3 emissions, and maintain their path to accelerated net zero certification

And with our democratized platform, network of experts, and third party net zero certification, we are connecting partners, helping people overcome the net zero barriers they've previously faced, and ensuring they are eliminating their Scope 3 emissions all while helping them navigate their financial challenges and accelerating their journey in a way that delivers them a meaningful ROI In short, we are effectively stripping away the sabotaging elements of decarbonization and embracing an integrated and accessible path forward

If our most fervent public and private sector leaders are willing and interested in “collective impact,” as Dr Mohammed Al-Surf aptly refers to it, the toolbox for accelerating a net zero Saudi Arabia is here for the taking

The "Your Story Matters" section of the Saudi Sustainability magazine is a compelling platform committed to sharing the experiences and initiatives of individuals and organizations who are driving positive change towards a sustainable future in Saudi Arabia. Serving as a powerful medium for inspiration and education, this section features in-depth interviews, success stories, and thought-provoking narratives that shed light on the innovative solutions and sustainable practices being implemented across various sectors in the Kingdom.

From stories of individuals leading impactful environmental projects to businesses adopting sustainable strategies, "Your Story Matters" showcases the diverse range of efforts taking place to address environmental, social, and economic challenges in Saudi Arabia. It aims to create a sense of pride and motivation, encouraging readers to contribute to the sustainability movement and find ways they too can positively impact their communities and the environment. Through this section, Saudi Sustainability magazine reinforces the idea that every individual's story matters and plays a crucial role in shaping a sustainable future for the country.

Share your story with us and showcase your sustainability efforts to the world.

Sharing your story can be in any of the following formats:

Company Profile

Success Story Awards and Achievements

Case Studies

Reports Research

Photos and much more.

Submit your interest to info@spsaonline.net

ADVANCING WATER MANAGEMENT: EMBRACING CIRCULAR SOLUTIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

BY: ALEXANDER EULER

A Call to Action

As the world grapples with the looming specter of water scarcity, the need for innovative solutions has never been more pressing. In this pivotal moment, the Blueprint for a Circular Water Smart Society emerges as a beacon of hope, offering a roadmap towards a more sustainable future Crafted by a consortium of experts from the Netherlands, USA, and Australia, this visionary blueprint has garnered significant interest and acclaim at global forums, including the UN Water Week in New York and COP28 in Dubai, underscoring its potential to revolutionize water management practices worldwide

By: Alexander Euler Managing Director – Middle East and South Asia

Exploring Saudi Arabia's Water Strategy:

The Cost of Desalination

In the heart of the Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia faces significant challenges regarding water resources. With a swiftly increasing population and scarce freshwater reservoirs, the Kingdom has embraced desalination as a vital strategy to address its water scarcity issues. However, this dependence on desalination poses some notable challenges. The energy-intensive nature of desalination can impact the environment, contributing to climate change and marine pollution. Additionally, relying heavily on desalination makes Saudi Arabia susceptible to changes in energy prices and geopolitical tensions. Consequently, exploring alternative water sources has become increasingly urgent for the Kingdom

The Promise of Circular Water Solutions

Amidst these challenges, circular water systems offer a ray of hope By harnessing naturebased solutions such as rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling, and decentralized wastewater treatment, Saudi Arabia can reduce its reliance on desalination and build a more sustainable water infrastructure Circular water systems not only alleviate the strain on finite water resources but also promote environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions and conserving natural habitats.

Embracing Economic Advantages and Social Inclusion in Water Management

In addition to the environmental advantages, circular water solutions offer substantial economic prospects Through investments in water-smart technologies and infrastructure, Saudi Arabia stands to generate employment opportunities, spur innovation, and draw global investments. Furthermore, circular water systems contribute to social inclusion by guaranteeing fair access to clean water across all societal segments. By decentralizing water management and empowering communities to engage in decision-making, these solutions foster social harmony and bolster resilience

Lessons from Water-Rich Nations: The Dutch Experience

The success stories from water-rich nations provide valuable insights into the transformative power of circular water solutions. In the Netherlands, innovative water management strategies have enabled the country to thrive in the face of rising sea levels and changing climate patterns Through a combination of technological innovation, policy reforms, and community engagement, the Netherlands has emerged as a global leader in water governance, setting a precedent for effective water management practices.

The Hydraloop Technology: A Testament to Innovation

At the forefront of these solutions lies Hydraloop technology, a highly awarded innovation that captures lightly contaminated water from showers, baths, washing machines, and condensation from air conditioning units. This revolutionary system utilizes advanced filtration and purification processes to transform greywater into a valuable resource for non-potable applications. By reclaiming and treating greywater on-site, Hydraloop empowers individuals and communities to reduce their reliance on potable water for tasks that don't require it, such as flushing toilets, laundering clothes, watering landscapes, maintaining green roofs, and cleaning solar panels. With its proven efficacy and ease of integration into both residential and commercial settings, Hydraloop represents a paradigm shift in water management, offering a sustainable solution for Saudi Arabia's waterstressed future

Charting a Path Forward: Collaboration and Collective Action

As Saudi Arabia charts a course towards a sustainable future, collaboration and collective action are paramount. Government, policymakers, and stakeholders must work together to overcome barriers to adoption and scale up circular water solutions. Investment in research and development, coupled with regulatory reforms and financial incentives, can accelerate the transition to a Circular Water Smart Society.

Conclusion: Seizing the Opportunity for Change

In conclusion, the water crisis presents both a challenge and an opportunity for Saudi Arabia. By embracing circular water solutions, the Kingdom can chart a path towards resilience, prosperity, and sustainability Now is the time for bold and decisive action. Let us seize this opportunity to revolutionize water management and secure a brighter future for all.

BACK TO THE FUTURE: TOWARD AN INNOVATIVE GCC MODEL OF SMART CITIES

BY: PROF. ARCH. ANNA LAURA PETRUCCI

Smart cities are a modern manifestation of ideal cities, envisioning futuristic realities and life scenarios They integrate functionality to cater to evolving society needs. However, the focus on infrastructure and systems planning may overlook the human-centered nature of smart cities Technology enhances services and quality of life through sensors, but it's crucial to remember that a smart city must be human-centered to benefit all citizens

A human-centered smart city is not just about technology, but a fundamental reshaping of urban and communityoriented concepts. It encompasses transportation and green infrastructures, environmental solutions and energy conservation, economic growth and social inclusion, quality of life, culture and history, and many others. Technological advancements are transforming urban concepts, focusing on environmental solutions and energy conservation This approach, based on a human-centered approach, promotes economic growth, social inclusion, and quality of life. Agenda 2030, SDGs, and the New Urban Agenda are integral to this model

GCC countries have launched smart city initiatives under different names, including sustainable cities, Industrial Zones, and Economic Zones, to attract investments and create multifunctional cities. With high investment capacity and innovation trends, they are poised to become leaders in smart urbanism E-governance and Big Data are not an issue for the region, having a history of high internet penetration and digitalization of government services.

On the other hand, a comprehensive approach to sustainable development is often missing, as solutions are borrowed from external models and don’t always match local needs and customs, further disconnecting the people from nature and their roots Extreme environmental conditions historically challenged Arab populations in creating urban settlements and living conditions in a sandy, rocky desert Embracing these roots and the principles behind the traditional cities would finally enhance the chance of achieving human and smart cities while nurturing a sense of belonging across generations.

Green infrastructures reinterpret here the traditional role of the oases in regulating ambient temperatures, reducing storm-water runoff, and affording recreational opportunities through multifunctional green spaces that are strategically planned and managed to provide a range of ecological, social, and economic benefits. Analyzing the traditional Arab settlements, it’s easy to discover that they were all smart in the circular economy of resources to serve the collective and individual needs, creating a social, economic, and environmentally sustainable model

Green oases played an important role in it, as “green infrastructures” in the rocky to sandy desert provide precious water and food and sensitive mitigation for the environmental conditions, allowing livability even in the very hot summer. It is demonstrated that the average temperature can drop by about 5 °C in the presence of green, and a further 5 °C when moving from direct sun to full shade; water feature might provide an extra drop of 3 °C In desert areas, oases are always related to the wadi and are maintained by advanced systems of wells, water pumped from the ground, and rainwater management The soil of the bottom valley, on the other hand, is karstic, generating underground rivers and nourishing green growth of bushes, acacia trees, and even natural palm groves – offering dramatic views of the unique natural scenery known as a wadi.

Palm plantations contribute to social and economic benefits through their environmental and sustainability aspects They cool the air, generate shaded outdoor areas, and provide essential nutrients like dates and molasses Palm groves grow both inside and outside city walls, inspiring architecture that serves human survival and social needs These communities invest in sustainable design, ensuring that every social and design act is implicitly sustainable.

economy system, which includes palm plantations, ensures that these resources are used responsibly and sustainably The narrow and irregular tissue created a natural shadow and cross ventilation of the public space, thanks to narrowing sections increasing the Venturi's effect Based on ancient knowledge, passive environmental solutions and the best use for local materials were taught from generation to generation.

The Saudi Green Initiative aims to increase the per capita share of green space by planting 7.5 million trees in gardens, parks, mosques, schools, and public facilities in Riyadh This will contribute to air quality, reduce heat island effects, and encourage healthy lifestyles as part of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 The per capita green space will increase from 1 7 to 28 square meters, tripling the World Health Organization's minimum recommendation of 9 square meters.

We could look at the initiative not just as a reforestation but also as a re-appropriation of a deep heritage rooted in ecology and an eco-systemic approach to life The goal of livable and walkable districts requires a whole paradigm shifting, and a comprehensive approach to combat urban heat, involving macro and micro-scale interventions to minimize energy consumption and CO2 footprint This can be achieved in new constructions through shared environmental labels and protocols, or in existing districts through a wider sustainable strategy, including built environment retrofitting.

Arab urbanism, known for its resilience and sustainability, should be trusted in its potential and implemented through modern technologies Learning from past models should be used to develop site-specific smart cities in the GCC region, rather than replicating outsourced models Sustainable solutions first developed in traditional urbanisms include circular economy, integrated natural environment, multi-layered indoor-outdoor exchange, cross ventilation, water management systems, use of natural materials, and building features like double skins, wind towers, solar chimneys, environmental courtyards, thermal mass, and earth pipes These solutions are expected to be enhanced into computerized management systems in future GCC smart cities (End)

About the Author:

Prof Arch Anna Laura Petrucci is an academic and researcher of architecture and urban design, and a practicing consultant architect between Europe and KSA An advocate of local identity, integrated design, and co-design practices under the framework of sustainability, she is Co-Director of the International Advanced Master MCAU on Complexity Management in Architecture and Urbanism at the University di Roma La Sapienza. Her works have been worldwide published in journals, magazines, and books and were presented a o at the EXPO Hannover (2000), at the Venice Biennale of Architecture (2003), at the Venice Biennale of Art (2007), at the WUF10 in Abu Dhabi (2020).

https://www linkedin com/in/an na-laura-petrucci-0104557a/

REVOLUTIONIZING

SAUDI VISION 2030: EMPOWERING THE YOUTH SOCIETY THROUGH PROPTECH AUDITING IN ESG AND SUSTAINABILITY.

BY: DAVID ROWDEN

Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is a bold and ambitious blueprint for transforming the kingdom's economy and society. Spearheaded by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, this vision seeks to diversify the economy, reduce dependence on oil, and create a vibrant society with opportunities for all citizens. Central to this vision is sustainability, not just in economic terms but also in environmental and social aspects; in this pursuit, the integration of Property Technology (Proptech) auditing emerges as a pivotal tool for ensuring sustainable development across the Kingdom

The Essence of Saudi Vision 2030:

Saudi Vision 2030 represents a comprehensive roadmap for Saudi Arabia's development across various sectors, it aims to unleash the potential of the Saudi economy by promoting private sector growth, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship, and enhancing the quality of life for citizens Central to this vision are three key pillars: a vibrant society, a thriving economy, and an ambitious nation: at the heart of Saudi Vision 2030 lies sustainability, which is essential for ensuring long-term prosperity and resilience.

The kingdom recognizes the importance of sustainable development in mitigating environmental risks, promoting social inclusion, and fostering economic stability, with this in mind, innovative approaches are being embraced to integrate sustainability principles into all aspects of development

Proptech Auditing: A Catalyst for Sustainability:

Property technology, or Proptech, refers to the use of technology to enhance various aspects of the real estate industry, including property management, construction, and urban planning. In the context of Saudi Vision 2030, Proptech auditing emerges as a powerful tool for promoting sustainability in the built environment Proptech auditing involves the use of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and data analytics to assess the environmental performance of buildings and infrastructure By collecting and analysing data on energy consumption, water usage, waste management, and indoor air quality, Proptech auditing provides valuable insights into the sustainability of built assets.

In the context of Saudi Arabia, where rapid urbanization and infrastructure development are taking place, Proptech auditing holds immense potential for driving sustainable practices By conducting comprehensive audits of existing buildings and infrastructure, stakeholders can identify areas for improvement and implement targeted interventions to enhance sustainability performance.

The Benefits of

Proptech

Auditing in Saudi Arabia:

The adoption of Proptech auditing in Saudi Arabia offers numerous benefits in alignment with the goals of Vision 2030:

1 Enhanced Resource Efficiency: Proptech auditing enables the efficient use of resources such as energy and water, leading to cost savings and reduced environmental impact

2 Improved Building Performance: By identifying inefficiencies and maintenance issues, Proptech auditing helps optimize the performance of buildings, ensuring occupant comfort and well-being.

3. Compliance with Regulations: Proptech auditing assists property owners and developers in ensuring compliance with sustainability regulations and standards, both at the national and international levels

4 Data-Driven Decision Making: The insights generated through Proptech auditing empower stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding investments, retrofits, and operational strategies, maximizing returns while minimizing environmental footprint.

5. Verifiable and measurable data tracking to support predictive asset management.

6 Effective policy implements change whilst empowering developers through integration and Governmental support

7 Promotion of Innovation: The adoption of Proptech solutions fosters innovation in the real estate sector, driving the development of sustainable technologies and practices

Challenges and Opportunities:

While the integration of Proptech auditing holds great promise for advancing sustainability in Saudi Arabia, several challenges must be addressed These include issues related to climate, society, investment appetite, data availability and quality, capacity building, and regulatory frameworks However, with concerted efforts from the government, private sector, and other stakeholders, these challenges can be overcome, unlocking the full potential of Proptech auditing in driving sustainable development.

Youth and the Kingdom's Vision 2030

Author: David Rowden MBA Co-Founder and Director EMEA AAA Intelligent Solutions FZC LLC

https://www linkedin com/in/davidrowden-mba-a41663157/

In its endeavours to achieve the Kingdom's Vision 2030, the MHRSD has launched many programs and projects to empower youth within the strategic national transformation initiatives, with the aim of increasing youth participation socially and in the labour market It is envisaged that the MHRSD could establish a Proptech Auditing and ESG program pertinent and singularly relevant to the needs of the GCC region whilst empowering Saudi professionals and talented young graduates into a progressive career future thereby creating the nation envisaged by Vision 2030. https://www hrsd gov sa/en/youth-empowerment

Creating a professional development course based on the needs of the region and ESG initiatives with a guided train the trainer approach the program will seek to establish a qualified workforce and enabling in-field certified Saudi practitioners and consultants to manage and govern the ESG guidelines ensuring a quantifiable compliance for both green field and legacy brown field developments

Conclusion:

As Saudi Arabia strives to realize its Vision 2030 goals, sustainability emerges as a cornerstone of its development agenda By harnessing the power of Proptech auditing, the kingdom can accelerate progress towards a more sustainable built environment, characterized by resource efficiency, innovation, and resilience By embracing Proptech auditing, Saudi Arabia can not only achieve its sustainability objectives but also position itself as a global leader in sustainable development. Protech auditing and bespoke ESG certification training courses are available from AAA Intelligent Solutions.

For further details: david@aaaintelsolutions com

CO2 AS REFRIGERANT IN REFRIGERATION AND HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

BY: EBRAHEEM KATEB ALANAZY

emissions from system leakage and indirect emissions from the system s electrical energy consumption [1]. Governmental bodies around the world are continuously working on phasing out CFCs and HCFCs in a predetermined time frame [2]

Among natural refrigerants, carbon dioxide (CO2) has increasingly gained attention for its numerous technical advantages such as low cost, easy availability, non-toxicity, non-flammability, and compatibility with many materials. Additionally, it is environmentally friendly, with zero ozone depletion potential and a low direct global warming potential. Numerous pioneering studies have demonstrated that using CO2 as a refrigerant can provide an efficient and eco-friendly solution for air conditioning, hot water heating, and steam production, particularly when the system operates in the transcritical region Extensive research has since been conducted to develop an energy-efficient CO2 transcritical system suitable for both heating and refrigeration applications The benefits of using CO2 as benefits in refrigeration and heat pumps include:

Cost-Effectiveness: CO2 is a natural, safe, and economically efficient refrigerant, costing about 12 times less than traditional hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Low Climate Impact: The effect of CO2 on the climate is 1,500 to 4,000 times less significant than that of synthetic refrigerants, dramatically reducing its environmental footprint

Enhanced Energy Efficiency: CO2 exhibits superior heat transfer characteristics compared to synthetic refrigerants, improving the energy efficiency of systems where it is employed.

High-Pressure Operation: Although CO2 requires high-pressure operation, this characteristic enhances overall system efficiency, reduces the size of components and piping, and enables the design of more compact systems

Using CO2 as a refrigerant is not completely solve the issue of CO2 emitted from this sector Therefore, developing high-efficiency and economical systems is necessary Therefore, several ideas such as internal heat exchanger, single ejector, two ejector, parallel compressors, multi-stage compressor systems, integrated subcooler, dedicated mechanical subcooling and thermoelectric subcooler Extensive reviews of various configurations of CO2 refrigeration and heat pump cycles have been conducted, including comprehensive performance comparisons to assess their efficacy and feasibility in realworld applications All results are showing that these solutions hold significant potential to enhance the coefficient of performance (COP) of refrigeration systems, they frequently entail increased complexity and costs. Consequently, further research in this area is essential

The trend towards the use of CO2 is almost irreversible, and as a result, improving its performance and discussing its future development have become highly topical among global scholars in recent years the first installation of a transcritical CO2 refrigeration system in a supermarket occurred in the early 2000s Since then, the number of installations has substantially increased; by 2013, there were 140 transcritical CO2 systems globally, all located in Europe [3] This trend has continued to grow recent year due to the high energy efficiency and environmental benefits of this technology According to the latest data published by Shecco in 2020, there are now over 35,500 installations of transcritical CO2 systems worldwide, with the majority located in Europe. Approximately 29,000 of these systems are in supermarkets.

In conclusion, the escalating adoption of CO2 as a working fluid in both refrigeration and heat pump systems represents a crucial strategy in the global effort to combat climate change This shift is driven by CO2's low global warming potential and superior energy efficiency As industries and governments increasingly seek sustainable solutions, the deployment of CO2 systems is expanding, offering notable environmental benefits. By replacing high-GWP refrigerants with CO2, we can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of systems used in various sectors, including retail, commercial, and industrial operations This transition not only aligns with global environmental policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also underscores the growing recognition of the need for greener technologies to protect our planet for future generations

References:

[1] F Alan, B Tim, and E Judith, "Carbon emissions from refrigeration used in the UK food industry," International Journal of Refrigeration, 2023/01/31/ 2023

[2] E A Heath, "Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Kigali Amendment)," International Legal Materials, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 193-205, 2017.

[3] S. Publications. "World GUIDE to Transcritical CO2 - Complete Report." http://publication shecco com/upload/file/org/5f60b5722331e1600173426EgoZt pdf

5 MYTHS ABOUT BUILDING GREEN

BY: EMAN EL GARHY

Myth #1 Building green is more expensive

This is the biggest myth because "expensive" is a relative term More expensive than what? There are expensive green buildings, and there are expensive conventional buildings. Implementing green building strategies and concepts does not have to cost more. On the contraty, first costs may also be higher in a traditionally designed project because of the lack of integration

The key is to Look beyond first costs to long‐term savings and understand that there is a shift to up‐front investments in high‐performance systems to increase efficiency to witness savings during operations In short, green building costs no more than conventional building, saves resources, improves health, works in all climates, benefits everyone and the environment and will necessarily become the primary means to sustainability in the future

Myth #2: You can't make an existing home green.

Altering your home's structure and operating systems like foundation, framing, wiring, plumbing can be very expensive But 'greening' an existing home doesn't have to be a complete overhaul Upgrading windows, putting more insulation into the walls or roof, sealing air leaks, using water efficient faucets are all examples of upgrades that will make a house more energy efficient.

Myth #3: "Green Design" is all about

Material selection.

Unfortunately, truly "green" building is not about all the cool stuff we can buy and put into our homes Green design is a holistic process; it’s not merely slipping in green materials here and there Green design requires much more pre-planning and research, it is a process of doing more with less, of finding efficiencies in systems and materials that will not only result in less energy use, but also extend the building’s life well beyond the traditional 50-year life cycle.

If you will have agreen homes tour, you all will a chance to march from green house to green house and admire bamboo flooring, recycled glass tile, and roof-mounted PV systems These are all good and noble things, but a true green homes tour may also be pretty boring, as it would consist of visiting perfectly ordinary homes and admiring the very low utility and water bills of those homeowners who are particularly watchful against consuming too much of anythin, and still somehow manage to live happy, fulfilled lives

Myth #4: “Green” building is the architect’s responsibility.

Green buildings begin with a commitment from the owner to build to a higher standard and require a close collaboration among all participants. All stakeholders must be educated and oriented to the goals, costs, and benefits of green building Stakeholders, including users, operators, builders, designers, and owners, need to work together to define requirements and identify sustainable opportunities.

Myth #5: “Green” designs look strange and wacky.

A GREEN design isn't the one who just have bushes and trees at the façade, The idea of ‘green’ design is merely limited to building practices, principles, and methodologies. There is no specific ‘look’ or ‘feel’ to a green building

On the contrary, occupants can choose any style or aesthetic they wish to incorporate in the building design Like any conventional building, green buildings can be absolute head-turners, from both the outside and inside.

Bio: Arch Eman El Garhy is an internationally awarded architect renowned for her innovative designs and sustainable practices With a master’s degree in architectural engineering, Eman has garnered recognition for her exceptional contributions to the field

Certified by the World Bank and IFC as a green building consultant, Eman is dedicated to promoting environmentally conscious architecture and has been at the forefront of implementing sustainable solutions in her projects

As the founder & principal architect of El Garhy Architects, Eman leads a team of talented professionals in creating inspiring spaces that blend functionality with aesthetic excellence Her portfolio showcases a diverse range of projects, from residential complexes to commercial developments, each characterized by meticulous attention to detail and a commitment to delivering superior quality

Social Media Links: https://www linkedin com/in/eman-el-garhy-478b554a/ https://www instagram com/emangarhy/ Website: www elgarhyarchitects com

Email: eman@elgarhyarchitects com / e elgarhy@perception-eg com

PROPOSING A FRAMEWORK FOR A SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE (SPMO) IN SAUDI CORPORATIONS: INTEGRATING AI TO ACHIEVE VISION 2030 GOALS

BY: ESSA ABDULLAH ALTWIRSH

Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is an ambitious strategic framework aimed at reducing the kingdom's dependence on oil, diversifying its economy, and developing public sectors such as health, education, and infrastructure with a strong focus on sustainability and environmental stewardship

Establishing a Sustainability Project Management Office (SPMO) in organizations, even in the presence of other sustainability-focused entities, can bring several unique benefits and enhance the effectiveness of integrating sustainability into all project management processes Here’s why an SPMO can be crucial:

1. Centralized Oversight

An SPMO provides a centralized framework specifically dedicated to ensuring that sustainability is consistently integrated into all projects and processes This helps avoid the siloed approach that can occur when sustainability is handled by multiple disparate departments without a unifying strategy or oversight.

2. Standardization of Practices

The SPMO can develop, implement, and monitor standardized sustainability practices across all projects This ensures that every project adheres to the same sustainability criteria, which can improve efficiency and effectiveness in meeting organizational and national sustainability goals

3. Focused Expertise

By concentrating expertise in sustainability within a single office, organizations can enhance their capability to tackle specific sustainability challenges An SPMO staffed by specialists can offer deeper insights and more effective solutions than a more generalized team might

4. Enhanced Reporting and Compliance

An SPMO can help organizations keep better track of their sustainability metrics, making reporting easier and more accurate This is crucial not only for internal assessments but also for compliance with local and international sustainability standards and regulations

5. Resource Allocation

A dedicated office allows for more efficient allocation of resources specifically towards sustainability goals. The SPMO can ensure that investments in sustainability are used effectively and that projects receive the resources they need to meet their environmental targets

6. Training and Development

An SPMO can oversee training programs across the organization to ensure that all employees are knowledgeable about sustainability practices This helps build a culture of sustainability within the organization.

7. Innovation and Continuous Improvement

With its specialized focus, an SPMO can be a hub for innovation, continuously exploring new ways to incorporate sustainable practices into project management. This can include adopting new technologies, methodologies, and partnerships that align with sustainability goals

8. Strategic Alignment with Vision 2030

For organizations in Saudi Arabia, an SPMO can ensure that projects are not just compliant with current regulations but are also aligned with the strategic objectives of Vision 2030 This alignment is crucial for securing support and funding, and for contributing to national priorities.

9. Enhanced Stakeholder Confidence

Having a dedicated SPMO demonstrates a serious commitment to sustainability, which can enhance trust and confidence among stakeholders, including investors, customers, and regulatory bodies. This can lead to better market positioning and potentially greater financial performance

10. Risk Management

An SPMO helps in identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with sustainability issues. This proactive approach to sustainability risk management can prevent potential financial and reputational damage

Need for SPMO:

The increasing importance of environmental responsibility necessitates a dedicated Sustainability Project Management Office (SPMO) to integrate and manage sustainability practices effectively within the corporate structures of Saudi businesses An SPMO can ensure that sustainability is not an afterthought but a central component of corporate strategy and project execution

The Role of SPMO:

Central Coordination:

An SPMO would serve as the nexus for all sustainability projects, aligning them with both corporate strategies and national objectives, ensuring a coherent and unified approach to sustainability across the corporation

Expertise and Oversight:

The SPMO would house specialized knowledge and expertise in sustainability, providing necessary guidance, creating standardized practices, and maintaining oversight across all projects, thus embedding sustainability deeply into every project phase.

Proposed Framework for SPMO:

Structure and Governance:

Organizational Structure: The SPMO should be positioned high within the corporate hierarchy, reporting directly to senior management to reflect the strategic importance of sustainability Governance Mechanisms: Establish clear governance structures to ensure accountability, with defined roles, responsibilities, and processes for decision-making and reporting

Integration with Corporate Strategy:

The SPMO will integrate sustainability into the core business strategies and operational procedures, ensuring that every business decision considers environmental impacts and sustainable development goals

Role of AI and Technology:

AI-driven Analytics: Utilize AI tools for risk assessment, project analytics, and resource optimization to enhance decision-making and efficiency

Predictive Insights and Real-Time Data: Implement AI systems to provide predictive insights into project performance and real-time data monitoring, facilitating proactive management of sustainability projects

Resource Management:

Detail strategies for effective allocation of both human and capital resources to sustainability projects, ensuring these projects are adequately supported to achieve their objectives.

Stakeholder Engagement:

Develop comprehensive engagement strategies to include employees, investors, and the community, ensuring broad support and participation in sustainability initiatives.

Training and Capacity Building:

Create ongoing training programs to enhance skills in sustainable project management across the organization, ensuring all employees are aligned with the sustainability goals

Monitoring, Reporting, and Compliance:

Implement robust systems for monitoring project progress, regular reporting to management and external stakeholders, and ensuring strict compliance with both local and international environmental standards

Benefits of Establishing an SPMO:

Strategic Alignment with Vision 2030: Reinforce the alignment of corporate projects with the national vision for sustainable development

Improved Sustainability Outcomes: Enhance the scope and impact of sustainability projects, leading to significant environmental and social benefits

Enhanced Corporate Reputation: Strengthen corporate reputation and trust among stakeholders through demonstrated commitment to sustainability.

Challenges and Considerations:

Integration Complexity: Address the complexities involved in integrating the SPMO into existing corporate structures

Initial Costs: Consider the initial investment required to establish the SPMO and its operations.

Cultural Adoption: Tackle the cultural shifts necessary within the corporation to embrace sustainability fully

In summary, while existing organizations may handle aspects of sustainability, an SPMO offers a focused, expert approach that can enhance the integration of sustainable practices across all projects, leading to more robust and effective sustainability outcomes. This dedicated office is not just about managing sustainability; it's about embedding it deeply and effectively into the fabric of the organization's project management processes

Author Bio: Essa Abdullah Altwirsh, I hold a master's degree in Sustainable and Renewable Energy from the King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), My core drive is my commitment to sustainability and a cleaner energy future. I'm dedicated to developing and implementing innovative renewable energy projects that leave a lasting positive impact on our planet.

https://www linkedin c om/in/essa-altwirsh/

SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE.

BY ENG. FRANCO CERDA

Author: Franco Cerda

https://www linkedin com /in/franco-alfredo-cerdadub%C3%B3-341a926a/

Sustainability in aquaculture, or the production of aquatic organisms in controlled environments, is an increasingly relevant topic in the global food industry With the increased demand for seafood due to population growth and declining fishing in natural waters, aquaculture has become an important alternative to meet the need for food and protein worldwide. However, with the increase in aquaculture production also comes concerns about its impact on the environment and long-term sustainability In this article, we will explore the concept of sustainability in aquaculture, its challenges, and how the industry is working to ensure that seafood production is sustainable and environmentally friendly In addition, we will address the importance of sustainable aquaculture from an economic and social perspective, as well as its role in food security and the conservation of marine resources. In the end, we hope to offer a comprehensive view of this crucial issue and how we can secure a sustainable future for aquaculture.

Importance of sustainability in aquaculture.

In the aquaculture industry, sustainability plays a critical role in ensuring both economic viability and long-term environmental preservation Aquaculture, as a method of producing marine and freshwater food, has seen significant growth in recent decades to supply the growing global demand for seafood However, this growth has also posed challenges in terms of environmental impact and natural resource depletion Adopting sustainable approaches in aquaculture is essential to minimize negative impacts and ensure an appropriate balance between production and conservation of aquatic ecosystems This involves the responsible use of natural resources, the minimization of pollution, the protection of biodiversity, and the well-being of the aquatic organisms raised. Sustainability in aquaculture not only contributes to the preservation of the environment but is also a guarantee for food security and long-term economic development By implementing sustainable practices, responsible aquaculture is promoted, and the availability of seafood for future generations is ensured

Responsible resource management for sustainability.

To achieve responsible resource management for sustainability in aquaculture, it is essential to implement strategies that promote efficiency in the use of natural resources This involves adopting farming practices that minimize water consumption, optimizing feeding systems to reduce waste, and implementing nutrient recycling techniques. It is also necessary to carry out constant monitoring of environmental parameters, such as water quality, to ensure the health of aquatic organisms and prevent pollution. In addition, it is essential to encourage the diversification of farmed species, thus avoiding the overexploitation of a single species and contributing to the conservation of aquatic biodiversity Through responsible resource management based on sustainability, aquaculture can thrive in an equitable and environmentally friendly manner, ensuring the availability of highquality seafood in the long term.

Techniques for sustainable fish farming.

To achieve sustainable fish farming, it is necessary to implement a series of techniques that promote the health and well-being of fish, as well as the preservation of the aquatic ecosystem

One of the key techniques is the proper selection of farmed fish species, prioritizing those that are native to the region and have a lower environmental impact In addition, it is important to implement water recirculation systems, which reduce water consumption and minimize pollution

Another fundamental aspect is the proper management of the feeds used in fish farming, using balanced diets, and avoiding the use of ingredients of animal origin that come from unsustainable fishing. It is also essential to regularly monitor water quality and maintain rigorous control over diseases and parasites to prevent outbreaks and minimize the use of medications With these sustainable fish farming techniques, it is possible to ensure responsible and environmentally friendly seafood production, contributing to the long-term conservation of aquatic resources

Sustainable practices for the conservation of the environment:

The implementation of sustainable practices for the conservation of the environment is essential in the field of aquaculture. Among these practices is the use of integrated cropping systems, where the beneficial interaction between different species is harnessed to promote efficiency and reduce waste In addition, it is important to promote the use of renewable energy in aquaculture facilities, such as solar or wind energy, in order to decrease the carbon footprint Likewise, measures must be taken to prevent the escape of farmed fish into the natural environment through the implementation of physical barriers and constant monitoring. Responsible management of water resources is also essential, ensuring efficient use of water and avoiding contamination by chemicals or excess nutrients In summary, sustainable practices in aquaculture are a fundamental pillar to conserve the environment and ensure the long-term viability of this activity

Economic benefits of sustainable aquaculture:

Sustainable aquaculture not only contributes to the conservation of the environment but also offers various economic benefits These benefits include job creation in coastal communities, especially in rural areas where employment options may be limited Sustainable aquaculture provides job opportunities at different stages of the process, from the production and management of aquatic cultures to the marketing and distribution of products.

In addition, sustainable aquaculture can enhance the economic development of a region, as aquaculture production can boost the local economy by generating income for both producers and suppliers of inputs and related services Aquaculture can also diversify a community's economic base and reduce its dependence on traditional activities such as extractive fishing Another economic benefit of sustainable aquaculture is improved food security. By producing sea-based food in a sustainable manner, a steady and reliable supply of nutritious products is ensured, contributing to the reduction of food insecurity and improved nutrition for local communities.

In summary, sustainable aquaculture not only has a positive impact on the environment, but also offers significant economic benefits, such as generating employment, boosting local development, and improving food security. These aspects make sustainable aquaculture a viable and sustainable economic activity in the long term

It is clear that sustainability is a crucial factor in the development of aquaculture By implementing sustainable practices, we not only ensure the longevity of the industry but also protect the delicate balance of our oceans and marine ecosystems. It is important for aquaculture companies to prioritize sustainability in their operations and for consumers to support and demand sustainably sourced seafood Together, we can create a more sustainable and responsible future for aquaculture

By: Ghandoura S Hattan Manager, Sustainability & Ener

Sustainability

& Energy

As we are in the fourth industrial revolution, where it focus on manufacturing and recycling products in a sustainable manner without CO2 emission, and we are believing that leader in Sustainability today will be a leader in the business tomorrow

We are grateful and proud to share with you a success story for Yansab, which was the only manufacturing plant in Saudi Arabia among 105 countries, been awarded for the Energy leadership insight award by the CEM This is highly recognize prestige award globally contributed in the company ESG profile. Passing through comprehensive audit, verification, and we successes among 25 winners globally

Yansab demonstrate the devising of many potential initiatives towards improving Society, Business and Environment and proven through a multiple success stories the Energy optimization and Decarbonization towards accelerate the clean energy transition to mitigate the climate change risk, which harmonize, and striving for Saudi Arabia 2030 vision

YANSAB certified for ISO 50001 for Energy Management system after extensive audit, which demonstrate Technical capability, agility and resilience towards Energy optimization

Yansab succeeded in the first cycle of the energy efficiency program, achieving 2.8M MMBTU as a positive balance

At Yansab, sustainability is in line with our values and ambitions, as we constantly innovate initiatives that may contribute to preserving safety, the environment, and society, while constantly working to improve energy efficiency through the implementation of a number of programs and projects that focus on the dependability and reliability of our assets, sustainability, and continuous improvement of performance

In February 2022, United Nations declared credits for the Yansab project to reduce CO2 emissions by 35,110 through the second steam boiler economizer in the utility unit, which contributed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which contributes to Promoting sustainable development in the Kingdom by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and saving fossil fuels. Which leads to the preservation of our natural and environmental resources By 725,115 million British thermal units (MMBTU), through the second steam boiler economizer in the utility unit, where the project passed a comprehensive review These initiatives and projects come within our commitment to achieving the goals of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2060 for carbon neutrality, protecting the climate and environment, and reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) and similar and greenhouse gases, and in line with Saudi Arabia’s green initiatives.

At Yansab, we believes that one of the most important reasons for the integration of the system’s success is its values towards social responsibility, as Yansab has proven its ability to contribute to the process of community development in general, as it is not isolated from the society in which it lives and grows, and therefore it must interact with it through its effective roles in preserving On the environment, safety and health of its employees and contractors by raising awareness, understanding and interest in all dimensions of social responsibility. Yansab has also invested in several projects to reduce carbon emissions, rationalize energy, and preserve the environment and the safety and health of its employees and the surrounding community Nowadays, Yansab share a lesson learned globally for the best practices encouraging the transition to a global clean energy economy.

UNDERSTANDING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN COVID-19 AND SUSTAINABILITY: BUILDING RESILIENCE FOR FUTURE PANDEMICS

BY: LAMIA ALYAMI

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in unexpected challenges and significant disruptions worldwide This global health crisis has had serious implications on various aspects of society beyond the public health sector It also impacts economies, education and human activity. At present, the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates in its last report that over 31 March 2024, over 774 million confirmed cases and more than seven million deaths have been reported globally, due to COVID-19 infectious. A variety of mathematical models have been developed to understand the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, estimate the evolution of the disease, evaluate its transmission to inform decision-making However, we don’t reach the destination of the COVID-19 and there are many limitations and constraints with the behaviour of this pandemic. Examples of these obstacles are the dynamic nature of the SARS-CoV-2 spread, the origin of the virus, the availability /quality of data, especially in the early stages of the pandemic Additionally, the emergence of new variants introduced further uncertainties into the forecasting models and difficulty in accurately predicting its spread and impact

Now, it’s essential to build our response for future pandemics by emphasizing long-term sustainability and preparing potential strategies in advance. An example of a negative aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic is the increased demand for hygiene equipment such as plastic sanitizers and masks, which naturally increased medical waste However, governments should encourage manufacturers to produce reusable products for pandemics in order to reduce plastic waste. Then, it is crucial to invest in research, data quality, mathematical models, and AI algorithms to innovate and reduce the use of plastic, which is not just a temporary response To stay competitive, we are looking to produce these products in Saudi Arabia since the government has invested a huge budget in artificial intelligence to achieve Saudi Vision 2030. Moreover, public awareness is another crucial aspect, especially where the public health system in developing countries is struggling with data quality

Another aspect to highlight is utilizing renewable natural resources to create a more sustainable future During the COVID-19 crisis, hospitals are extremely energy-consuming Investing in renewable energy sources, which are abundant in Saudi Arabia, such as solar panels, wind, and geothermal energy for medical facilities, can reduce pollution while ensuring an efficient supply for critical care equipment. Moreover, this would mitigate climate change impacts, aligning with global initiatives. By learning from our experiences with COVID-19, we can better prepare for any potential future pandemics and create a more sustainable and resilient world.

TREATED WASTEWATER IS A TWO-EDGED WEAPON

BY: LINA ALZAYER

FACULTY MEMBER AT PRINCE MOHAMMAD BIN FAHD UNIVERSITY HOLDING A MASTER’S DEGREE IN ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT HER RESEARCH INTERESTS INCLUDE WATER AND FOOD RESEARCH, MICROPLASTICS AS WELL AS SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TOPICS

In compliance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the Saudi National Water Strategy highlights the importance of considering treated wastewater as one of the main water supply sources in the kingdom The two aims of the national plan are that by 2025, every city in Saudi Arabia will be provided with sewage treatment and all treated wastewater will be used (Ouda, 2015). In fact, a considerable progress has been made towards achieving the two aims Treated wastewater is currently used in many fields for non-potable applications Examples include irrigation (agriculture, golf courses, and parks), industrial cooling systems, and commercial uses such as firefighting and car wash (Adewumi et al., 2010). Interestingly, treated wastewater was also used for recreational purposes such as the build-up of an artificial lake in the Dhahran City (Lake Landhart) Another promising application for wastewater effluent is the artificial recharge of groundwater by allowing the effluent to infiltrate into the soil and descend into groundwater considering high filtration rate of soil (Asano & Cotruvo, 2004)

Treated wastewater have been recycled for multipurpose including water conservation, cost and energy savings, minimization of pollution, and limiting groundwater quality degradation (Ofori et al., 2020). In Saudi Arabia, scarcity of conventional water resources and the expanding population is causing an increased demand for water In order for the country to meet high water consumption demand, desalination of wastewater has been the strategic approach adopted for the past decades (DeNicola et al., 2015). However, according to the Third National Report of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2016), desalination is an energy-intensive industry contributing to more than 10% of carbon emission in the region which has a significant impact on global warming Therefore, the reuse of wastewater could be an opportunity to control environmental degradation by limiting resource depletion such as water and energy.

Moreover, some studies have shown benefits in the agricultural field, where increased crop yields by irrigation with treated wastewater have been observed. For example, a study done in Saudi Arabia has shown that treated wastewater provided the plants with nutrients such as phosphorous and nitrogen which have resulted in an increase in wheat yield and alfalfa production by 11% and 23%, respectively (Aljaloud, 2010). Furthermore, wastewater can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers as it could naturally recycle organic matter and nutrients to soils, and thus it can limit some of the environmental impacts of synthetic fertilizers. As a result, irrigating with treated wastewater could be costeffective for farmers compared to the high cost of chemical fertilizers used to promote plant growth (Poustie et al., 2020).

In addition, reusing wastewater for creating artificial lakes can have significant ecological effects. For instance, there might be the natural growth of water reeds which could bring biodiversity to the region e.g. dragonflies, snails, frogs, and small fish which can further attract birds for shelter and food (Khorasani et al , 2018) Furthermore, if treated wastewater was not recycled, it would be discharged into surface water, which might lead to eutrophication. For example, tens of thousands cubic meters of wastewater effluent is discharged every day into the coastal region of the Red Sea, which had adversely altered the levels of nitrogen and phosphorous, resulting in the loss of about a third of the total mangrove area in the bay (Alzahrani et al , 2018) and (Moatamed, 2020) Therefore, the reuse of wastewater could be more environmentally friendly than simply discharge it into the environment. Valuing wastewater effluent as a sustainable resource of clean water can have social, economic, and environmental rewards as it can improve the quality of life of billions of people globally through improvement in food production, human well-being, environmental development, and sustainable urbanism (Tortajada, 2020).

Although wastewater reuse is revealed to be beneficial, there are several concerns about potential risks to humans and the environment. The major concern is the removal of microbial and antimicrobial agents upon treatment of wastewater (Aghalari et al., 2020). The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their genes have been frequently reported in treated wastewater (Goulas et al , 2020) They are widely considered as emerging contaminants because of their potential threat to public and environmental health. These bacteria have the ability to resist the effects of an antibiotic i.e. they can survive and proliferate causing untreatable bacterial infections in humans and animals. In fact, wastewater is being referred to as a “hotspot” for antibiotic-resistant bacteria since it is one of the main sources of antibiotics released into the environment (Michael et al., 2013). WWTPs are not particularly designed to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment A study of 118 WWTPs has found only partial efficiency in regards to reducing antibiotic resistance in treated effluent (Goulas et al., 2020). Antibiotics have been shown to exist in wastewater effluent in concentrations ranging between ng/L and µg/L. Although these are very low concentrations, the impact of long-term exposure to these trace antibiotics is still unknown Scientists have not yet identified the exact ecological and human health impacts, but many studies have raised concerns that it creates selective pressure for bacteria in the environment to become resistant to antibiotics, through increased mutation rates and a higher probability of horizontal gene transfer (Rodríguez-Molina et al , 2019) Therefore, advanced treatment technologies and appropriate purification systems should be implemented in all treatment plants to control the entry and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment

Human exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria originated from wastewater can be direct or indirect. Treated wastewater runoff from the irrigation area can end up in surface water posing a risk of direct human exposure such as swimming (Krzeminski et al., 2019).

Wastewater irrigation can put agricultural workers and their families at risk of exposure to those resistant pathogens (Jiménez, 2006) Besides, antibiotics and resistant bacteria can reach humans through food as they can be uptaken by plants upon wastewater irrigation, then by herbivores feeding on those plants, and other food-producing animals (Krzeminski et al , 2019) Taking spinach, lettuce, and radish as examples, concentrations of pharmaceuticals including antibiotics have been detected in these vegetables upon irrigation with treated wastewater containing these chemicals (Al-Farsi et al., 2018). Therefore, antibiotics can directly or indirectly enter humans’ and animal’s food chain systems. The major concern is that only little is known about the risks associated with chronic human exposure to these chemicals and pathogens.

Another concern associated with the applications of wastewater reuse is the contamination and degradation of the soil. A study illustrated that pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater effluents can percolate through the soil upon irrigation. This can decrease the number of bacteria in the soil resulting in a shortage of food for soil organisms like protozoa. Consequently, the soil function would be affected through lower denitrification and decomposition rates (Al-Farsi et al., 2017). Similarly, prolonged irrigation with treated wastewater that contains salts may cause soil salinization resulting in possible negative impacts on soil health, crop productivity, and groundwater pollution (in the case of saltleaching through the soil). Although the industrial wastewater effluent was not shown to be toxic to plants as the concentration of heavy metal is usually under the toxic limits, these heavy metals can accumulate in the soil affecting the soil flora and fauna (Hussain et al , 2017) For example, earthworms, which play a vital role in keeping the soil healthy through the decomposition of organic matter, are known to be susceptible to heavy metals as they can accumulate heavy metals in their tissues (Kumar et al., 2008). Therefore, the reuse of treated wastewater effluent for irrigation is associated with several ecological and human health risks, mainly because of the occurrence of bacteria, chemicals, and many other contaminants that can disrupt the food chain, the biodiversity of flora and fauna, as well as the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the soil

Wastewater can be considered as both a resource and a problem It is clear that the recycling of wastewater can have substantial environmental impacts and benefits, and it is hard to say that one outweighs the other. Proper planning and management of wastewater reuse should be combined with assessments of the local conditions and needs. Reuse of wastewater can improve food security and quality of life among the nations, but it can be associated with global health threats such as antibiotic resistance. Therefore, it is challenging for natural resource management to minimize the risks associated with wastewater reuse and maximize the net environmental gain For Saudi Arabia, water conservation is essential for the sustainable development of the country. The infrastructure network of wastewater and the treatment and distribution systems should be urgently alleviated for more sustainable, enhanced and secured utilization. Further research is required to evaluate and mitigate the potential implications of the contaminants of wastewater effluent on the environment and human health.

References

Adewumi, J R , Ilemobade, A A , & Van Zyl, J E (2010) Treated wastewater reuse in South Africa: Overview, potential and challenges Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(2), 221–231 https://doi org/10 1016/j resconrec 2010 09 012

Aghalari, Z , Dahms, H U , Sillanpää, M , Sosa-Hernandez, J E , & Parra-Saldívar, R (2020) Effectiveness of wastewater treatment systems in removing microbial agents: A systematic review In Globalization and Health (Vol 16, Issue 1, p 13) BioMed Central Ltd https://doi org/10 1186/s12992-020-0546-y

Al-Farsi, R , Ahmed, M , Al-Busaidi, A , & Choudri, B S (2018) Assessing the presence of pharmaceuticals in soil and plants irrigated with treated wastewater in Oman International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 7(2) 165–172 https://doi org/10 1007/s40093-018-0202-1

Al-Farsi, R S , Ahmed, M , Al-Busaidi, A , & Choudri, B S (2017) Translocation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into plant tissues: A review In Emerging Contaminants (Vol 3, Issue 4, pp 132–137) KeAi Communications Co https://doi org/10 1016/j emcon 2018 02 001

Aljaloud A A (2010) Reuse of wastewater for irrigation in Saudi Arabia and its effect on soil and plant 19th World Congress of Soil Science Soil Solutions for a Changing World August, 163–166

Alzahrani, D A , Selim, E M M , & El-Sherbiny, M M (2018) Ecological assessment of heavy metals in the grey mangrove (Avicennia marina) and associated sediments along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia Oceanologia, 60(4), 513–526 https://doi org/10 1016/j oceano 2018 04 002

Asano, T , & Cotruvo, J A (2004) Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater: Health and regulatory considerations Water Research, 38(8), 1941–1951 https://doi org/10 1016/j watres 2004 01 023

DeNicola, E , Aburizaiza, O S , Siddique, A , Khwaja, H , & Carpenter, D O (2015) Climate change and water scarcity: The case of Saudi Arabia Annals of Global Health, 81(3), 342–353 https://doi org/10 1016/j aogh 2015 08 005

Goulas A Belhadi D Descamps A Andremont A Benoit P Courtois S Dagot C Grall N Makowski D Nazaret S Nélieu S Patureau D Petit F Roose-Amsaleg C Vittecoq, M , Livoreil, B , & Laouénan, C (2020) How effective are strategies to control the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment? A systematic review In Environmental Evidence (Vol 9, Issue 1, p 4) BioMed Central Ltd https://doi org/10 1186/s13750-020-0187-x Hussain A Priyadarshi M Said S & Negi S (2017) Effect of Wastewater on the Soil and Irrigation Process: A Laboratory Study Journal of Geographical Studies 1(1) 46–55 https://doi org/10 21523/gcj5 17010105

Jiménez, B (2006) International Review for Environmental Strategies Special Feature on Groundwater Management and Policy Irrigation in Developing Countries Using Wastewater (Vol 6, Issue 2)

Khorasani, H , Kerachian, R , & Malakpour-Estalaki, S (2018) Developing a comprehensive framework for eutrophication management in off-stream artificial lakes Journal of Hydrology, 562, 103–124 https://doi org/10 1016/j jhydrol 2018 04 052

Krzeminski, P , Tomei, M C , Karaolia, P , Langenhoff, A , Almeida, C M R , Felis, E , Gritten, F , Andersen, H R , Fernandes, T , Manaia, C M , Rizzo, L , & Fatta-Kassinos, D (2019) Performance of secondary wastewater treatment methods for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern implicated in crop uptake and antibiotic resistance spread: A review In Science of the Total Environment (Vol 648 pp 1052–1081) Elsevier B V https://doi org/10 1016/j scitotenv 2018 08 130

Kumar, S , Sharma, V , Bhoyar, R V , Bhattacharyya, J K , & Chakrabarti, T (2008) Effect of Heavy Metals on Earthworm Activities During Vermicomposting of Municipal Solid Waste on JSTOR Water Environment Research https://www jstor org/stable/23804228?seq=1

Michael I Rizzo L McArdell C S Manaia C M Merlin C Schwartz T Dagot C & Fatta-Kassinos D (2013) Urban wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for the release of antibiotics in the environment: A review Water Research, 47(3), 957–995 https://doi org/10 1016/j watres 2012 11 027

Moatamed, A (2020) Degradation of mangrove forests and coral reefs in the coastal area of the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia Biogeographia-The Journal of Integrative Biogeography, 35, 71–89 https://doi org/10 21426/B635046580

Ofori, S , Puškáčová, A , Růžičková, I , & Wanner, J (2021) Treated wastewater reuse for irrigation: Pros and cons In Science of the Total Environment (Vol 760, p 144026) Elsevier B V https://doi org/10 1016/j scitotenv 2020 144026

Ouda, O K M (2015) Treated wastewater use in Saudi Arabia: challenges and initiatives International Journal of Water Resources Development, 32(5), 799–809 https://doi org/10 1080/07900627 2015 1116435

Poustie A Yang Y Verburg P Pagilla K & Hanigan D (2020) Reclaimed wastewater as a viable water source for agricultural irrigation: A review of food crop growth inhibition and promotion in the context of environmental change In Science of the Total Environment (Vol 739, p 139756) Elsevier B V https://doi org/10 1016/j scitotenv 2020 139756

Rodríguez-Molina, D , Mang, P , Schmitt, H , Chifiriuc, M C , Radon, K , & Wengenroth, L (2019) Do wastewater treatment plants increase antibiotic resistant bacteria or genes in the environment? Protocol for a systematic review Systematic Reviews 8(1) 1–8 https://doi org/10 1186/s13643-019-1236-9

Third National Report of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2016) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) https://unfccc int/files/national reports/nonannex i natcom/application/pdf/saudi arabia nc3 22 dec 2016 pdf

Tortajada, C (2020) Contributions of recycled wastewater to clean water and sanitation Sustainable Development Goals Npj Clean Water, 3(1) https://doi org/10 1038/s41545-0200069-3

Challenges and Opportunities in Sustainable Urban Development Amidst Rapid Urbanization: A Focus on Saudi Arabian Cities

By: Marwah Alatawi

Urbanisation in the Middle East creates a unique set of difficulties and opportunities for long- term development. This article investigates the challenges that Middle Eastern cities confront in achieving sustainability in the midst of growing urbanisation. It investigates the complex aspects of regional sustainable urban development using multidisciplinary viewpoints from urban planning, environmental studies, and social sciences

The key issues include managing population expansion, addressing infrastructural shortfalls, and reducing environmental deterioration. Rapid urbanization typically stresses existing resources and infrastructure, exacerbating socio-economic inequities and environmental dangers. Further- more, cultural and geopolitical considerations impede regional efforts to achieve sustainable development

However, there are enormous opportunities within these challenges Cities in the Middle East are progressively embracing creative urban planning, renewable energy use, and sustainable transportation systems. Furthermore, technological improvements present interesting possibilities for improving urban resilience and lowering carbon footprints.

This article also emphasises the necessity of stakeholder participation, policy coherence, and international cooperation in promoting Middle Eastern sustainable urban development Cities may fully realise their potential for inclusive and ecologically responsible growth by harnessing local knowledge, empowering people, and incorporating sustainability principles into urban governing frameworks.

Finally, this study contributes to the continuing discussion about sustainable urban development by shining light on the particular processes that shape Middle Eastern cities It emphasises the importance of comprehensive solutions that strike a balance between economic prosperity, social fairness, and environmental stewardship in order to produce resilient and habitable urban ecosystems for present and future generations.

1 Introduction

Issues pertaining to urban sustainability consider the importance of location, culture, and environmental limits for local enterprises and citizens. In order to address long-term economic, welfare, and environmental sustainability, better urban management is required. In the next thirty years, a large portion of urban development is likely to take place in Asia/Africa, specifically in Saudi Arabia, China, and India the three most opportunity-rich countries It is anticipated that Saudi Arabia, the study’s main focus, will play a major role in this urban growth The Saudi government is developing a longterm plan for sustainable urban development in light of these opportunities To secure long-term sustainable development goals, such a strategy must incorporate creative ideas and technology created and executed in tandem with effective policy.

Global economic development and advancement depend significantly on urban centres However, as a result of the rising needs of the expanding population, their expansion has a huge negative impact on the environment and accelerates urbanisation The world’s urban population tripled in size during the 20th century, rising from 0.18 billion to 3.42 billion people in just one century (Singh et al., 2024). .. About 2.53 billion people are expected to move to urban areas by 2050, which would result in the conversion of forests and agricultural lands into residential, commercial, and transportation sectors (Nayak et al , 2023) Projections show that this figure will double Urbanisation and greater migration to metropolitan areas were the main causes of the preceding century’s exponential expansion in cities In the future, demographic shifts will impact urban development and include a worldwide realignment that affects the urban growth of quickly developing countries.

2 Obstacles in the Development of Sustainable Cities

2.1 Population Growth and Urbanization

The population of Saudi Arabia has increased significantly over the years In 1972, it was recorded at 5828 thousand, and by 2014, it had grown to 27400 thousand It is projected to further reach 29208 thousand by 2015 These figures are reported by the Ministry of Economy and Planning in Saudi Arabia. Throughout the years from 1972 to 2015, the average population in Saudi Arabia was 12.55 thousand, with the highest number recorded at 282800 thousand in 2015 and the lowest at 598000 thousand in 1972. Additionally, the population of Saudi Arabia is expected to reach a total of 35 million This rapid growth has created a significant demand for housing, education, healthcare, and other public services According to statistics from the United Nations, Saudi Arabia had the highest population growth rate in the world in 1950, with a natural population growth of 6 63 persons per percent. As a result, the population doubled during that period, from 246 million in 1950 to 486 million in 1970. (Adly et al.2020). Over the past few decades, the Saudi Arabian economy has experienced a significant influx of revenue from the oil industry. This has, in turn, led to a considerable migration of the Saudi population towards urban areas, major industrial centers, and regions focused on petroleum extraction Saudi Arabia holds the distinction of being the largest country in the Middle East, encompassing about 80% of the Arabian Peninsula The country’s topography primarily consists of rocky terrain in the western region, while the eastern region is characterized by sandy landscapes that border the Arabian Gulf and the Persian Gulf. The central section known as Rub is dominated by extensive sand dunes referred to as the Nafud, forming a distinct system It is noteworthy that the eastern Arabian sands exhibit the highest level of activity, giving rise to four distinct types of landforms: Coastal Sand, Coastal Dunes, Sand Sheets, and Sand Dunes These formations are a result of the constantly shifting winds originating from the northwest and the southeast directions. (Ghanem & Alamri2023).

2.2 Infrastructure and Management of Resources

The progression of cities heavily relies on the accessibility and quality of municipal and infrastructure resources. The Arabian Peninsula currently faces a delicate situation when it comes to its water resources Rapid urbanization in the area has created unprecedented demands for water in an already limited environment This poses a significant challenge that necessitates the use of unconventional water sources Additionally, the construction industry has a considerable impact on waste generation in the built environment The decline in global fossil fuel prices has also affected the market for construction materials in Saudi Arabia. On the other hand, climate change has had a positive impact on water supplies in the Arabian Peninsula. This is evident in the increased precipitation and snowfall during the winter season Over the past 60 years, there has been a noteworthy rise in instances of heavy rainfall compared to the previous 150 years (Almulhim & Cobbinah,2023) Infrastructure and resource management play a crucial role in society’s well-being by promoting livable cities Architecture and civil engineering, especially in relation to water and energy infrastructure and construction, have significantly contributed to this advancement. The creation of innovative spaces, socially cohesive communities, and diversified economic opportunities are all facilitated by urban infrastructure. Moreover, considering that cities are responsible for a substantial portion of global energy consumption (60-80%) and CO2 emissions (75%), they have the potential to become transformative centers for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting new economic prospects through the careful im- plementation of sustainable infrastructure This entails minimizing resource consumption and waste generation. (Abubakar & Dano)

2.3 Analysing the Environmental Effects

Climate change poses a significant environmental challenge in the context of urbanization The expansion of cities and their increasing energy demands contribute to the development of heat islands. Heat islands, in turn, give rise to various issues, including an increase in heat-stress related health problems, greater demand for ventilation and air-conditioning, and compromised outdoor air quality

It is worth noting that cities are responsible for over 70% of carbon emissions, making them a crucial factor in the onset of climate change. Despite this, the dense nature of urban areas offers potential for positive advancements in resource management and urban productivity.

By adopting more sustainable energy consumption systems that are responsive to climate conditions, such as energy-conserving building techniques, significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved Additionally, these approaches can bring about socio-economic benefits like decreased energy demands, reduced healthcare costs due to improved air quality and decreased heat stress, as well as improved living standards and job opportunities for residents. Furthermore, efforts to address climate change can also create job opportunities and develop skills in areas that are affected by urbanization Therefore, a well-designed initiative focused on combating climate change can serve urban objectives as proposed (Shehri et al 2023)

Urbanization is linked to various social and environmental issues, including the depletion of natural resources and the decline in biodiversity. This also includes the increase in waste production, pollution of land, air, and water, climate change, and an greater susceptibility to disasters In Saudi Arabia, the rapid urbanization has resulted in the expansion of cities and changes in land use, leading to a decrease in green spaces Over the past 50 years, the country has lost a significant

3 Objectives in Sustainable Urban Development

Once more, according to Boyd Cohen, smart urban strategies and proposals take into account the combined effects of social, economic, and environmental impacts as an integrated system. These strategies and proposals spur the development and implementation of digital infrastructure, open data, internet-owned services, sensor-embedded devices, and cost-effective middleware platforms National Geographic also drew inspiration from Boyd’s concept of a smart city in their article on future cities published in 2017 (Root, 2023)

The term ”Smart Cities” can also refer to cities that efficiently utilize available resources to develop public, social, human, and environmental assets These cities utilize technology and innovations to achieve more with fewer resources They offer intelligent solutions and prospects for residents, particu- larly the youth, to engage in the development and administration of their community,(Lai et al 2020) Additional benefits are realized when cities adopt advanced technologies to enhance service delivery, encourage inclusive and meaningful democratic participation, improve disaster response and prevention, reduce pollution and material consumption, provide affordable housing, secure decent wage jobs, preserve open spaces and natural areas, and ensure the utmost quality of urban life for city residents

Opportunities also exist for the promotion of integrated and participatory resource management in cities such as Mandalay in Myanmar. Mandalay is notably proficient in the realms of urban agriculture, eco-tourism, agro-industries, and infrastructure development following the principles of reduce, reuse, and recover In order to enhance access, ownership, and control over resources, financial systems, and market information for communities and the environment, policy initiatives and programs must be implemented in conjunction with non-governmental organizations Sustainable urban development also presents various possibilities For instance, cities should emb

3.1 Advanced Technologies for Urban Environments

The utilization of information and data-driven hardware and software contributes to the progression of individuals, communities, societies, and businesses within a digital urban setting. The presence of all-encompassing and real-time data-driven cyber-physical systems assists in decision-making across various aspects of urban sustainability This includes the provision of low-cost environmental data in real-time, optimization of building and infrastructure usage, enhancement of waste resource utilization, and promotion of sustainable forms of mobility Consequently, smart urban technologies have the potential to redefine traditional urban functions and establish ”smart infrastructure” components that prioritize the needs of individuals and communities within cities. These advancements in technology also play a role in enhancing the social, economic, and physical environment, while simultaneously promoting environmental sustainability, digital innovation, and overall human well-being To achieve this transformation, city governments and their stakeholders must invest in not only smart technologies but also strategically develop, update, and enforce digital strategies and plans for digital services,(Paiva et al., 2021).

Smart city technologies have the potential to address the challenges posed by urbanization in a manner that is both environmentally conscious and sustainable Their main goal is to enhance the quality of life for urban residents by improving living conditions, social well-being, and sustainability in cities In line with the United Nations New Urban Agenda, international institutions have recognized the significance of integrating smart urban technologies and urban sustainability. Consequently, these institutions have begun to establish new strategies for implementation and form partnerships with the private sector, local governments, and other stakeholders to promote digital innovation for sustainable urban development As municipal governments embrace digital services and become smarter, the private sector can contribute cyber-physical, social-technical systems to advance sustainable urban development and improve human well-being (Chen & Chan, 2023)

3.2 Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

The urban areas within the Kingdom prioritize extensive land planning, albeit at low densities. In order to realistically meet production goals, a diverse range of renewable energy sources is necessary Starting with large-scale generation installations is the most logical initial step, as it allows for a wide variety of sources to be included Additionally, the Kingdom has set an ambitious target of achieving 20% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2022 To support this goal, an ”enabling environment” will be created, which includes the implementation of renewable energy policies, capacity building for both individuals and institutions, local manufacturing, procurement, and financing. These objectives are reinforced by various initiatives aimed at exploring renewable energy options, such as solar and wind power, given their significant potential Furthermore, ongoing preliminary investigations are being conducted to assess the feasibility of mini and micro hydropower projects in the mountainous regions south of Abha, (Al-Ismail et al 2023)

Saudi Arabia is presently a prominent oil producer and exporter worldwide. However, the depletion of oil reserves is an undeniable reality. To adapt, the Saudi government is endeavoring to transition its economy away from heavy reliance on oil production and towards a more diverse economic portfolio, including an emphasis on renewable energy This shift is motivated in part by the substandard urban air quality, which poses a significant public health challenge in Saudi cities An example of this problem is evident in Riyadh, where the Ar-Rahmah School for girls in the Sulai district observed an increase in respiratory illnesses among students and staff, attributable to pollution from traffic. Though the precise nature of the air pollution in these areas remains unknown, preliminary reports have indicated a rise in the presence of Ultrafine Particles (UFP) according to sources Nevertheless, gaseous pollutants in the region are found at high levels comparable to other urban areas, with the primary source being vehicular traffic Regulatory efforts to address this issue face challenges due to the mobile nature of emissions and the influence of diverse desert meteorological conditions, (Mohammed et al.2021).

3.3 Sustainability in Transportation Systems

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as a result of its rapid urbanization, most cities have experienced increasing traffic congestion, leading to long delays and queuing times. The continuous improvement of the road network in conjunction with a growth in the number of private vehicles will result in ”laissez-faire” in the use of transportation and low public transit use Without the wise deployment of policy instruments that revitalize public transit, the only way to constantly upgrade the urban road network to address increased traffic volume is to provide significantly more financial resources to the private car users. Such a trend should be overridden because it has the potential to stall economic development and erode progress likely in the wider sustainable urban development context such as respect for ecological thresholds Integrating the urban economy spatially needs to happen in conjunction with the use of more environmentally benign transport systems

(Almulhim & Cobbinah, 2023) Sustainable urban development necessitates the inclusion of sustainable transportation. An ideal transportation system should ensure fair access to individuals and markets, contribute to a sense of community identity by offering transportation options that preserve a strong connection to specific locations, promote well-being, decrease reliance on fossil fuels, enhance air and water quality, provide equal opportunities to individuals of differing economic backgrounds, nurture livable and prosperous neighborhoods and habitats by safeguarding vulnerable and active ecosystems, and offer affordable and efficient transportation services to all Presently, transportation poses a significant challenge in the realm of urban development. These systems, which greatly impact the growth of urban areas, must cater to the needs of our society and economy, particularly by facilitating economic and social access to education, employment, and services that enhance people’s quality of life However, if not appropriately managed, transportation systems can harm the environment (such as through congestion and pollution), ultimately impacting the well-being of humans and other organisms, (Shah et al 2021)

3.4 Sustainable Architecture and City Planning

The concept of green architecture, also referred to as sustainable architecture, involves the incorporation of high-performance materials and technologies into building design. This approach includes the use of bio-climatic design features, passive solar principles, landscape elements, water harvesting and recycling systems, renewable energy sources, natural ventilation, sun shading, and energy-efficient heating, ventilation, and cooling systems (ASHRAE, 2011) These design features are crucial at the initial stages of decision making, such as project site selection, programming, master planning, build- ing massing, and conceptual design. ASHRAE (2011) introduced the green building integrated design team model, which includes an integrated green building committee model

To further emphasize this point, Dicks (2010) corroborated the findings of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) report (2007) by highlighting that the building sector has significant potential in reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to the transportation and power sectors. Green building encompasses an overall approach to building design that takes into account the current environmental conditions and emphasizes efficient resource utilization throughout the building’s life cycle, including design, construction, operation, and deconstruction This approach considers various aspects such as energy consumption, water usage, waste management, building materials, and transportation Additionally, green buildings prioritize community development, combat urban sprawl, promote energy efficiency, utilize environmentally friendly products, ensure healthy indoor environments, and manage construction waste.

4 Conclusion

In order to achieve its goals, it is essential to implement key strategies in the social and economic sectors. These strategies will cover a range of areas, such as migration, housing, service provision, and environmental conservation The development of infrastructure should be carried out in a comprehensive manner, ensuring practical measures are in place to meet future needs Ultimately, establishing a secure area that is protected from the risks of disasters will attract both local and international investment, resulting in the creation of a society that is healthy, safe, and sustainable This society will not only survive in the modern age, but also flourish, driving economic and social progress. To keep up with the growing urban population, all sectors must focus on integrated and sustainable urban plans that recognize the importance of local stakeholders This approach should prioritize involving people in the development process Achieving sustainable urban development is a multifaceted endeavor that relies on various factors A crucial element in this process is maintaining a delicate balance between the economic, social, and environmental interests of a city In Saudi Arabia, urban areas are undergoing significant growth due to both population expansion and the expansion of the physical city itself. Factors such as high birth rates and labor migration contribute to this rapid urbanization This growth will undoubtedly strain available land resources and require meticulous planning to address the opportunities and obstacles associated with sustainable urban development The task of effectively planning for the city of tomorrow is equally as challenging, as it necessitates comprehensive strategies that encompass physical, economic, social, and cultural transformations within the urban community.

References

1 Adly, H M , AlJahdali, I A , Garout, M A , Khafagy, A A , Saati, A A , & Saleh, S A (2020) Correlation of COVID-19 pandemic with healthcare system response and prevention measures in Saudi Arabia International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6666 mdpi com

2 Ghanem, A M , & Alamri, Y A (2023) The impact of the green Middle East initiative on sustainable development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 22(1), 35-46 sciencedirect com

3 Almulhim, A I & Cobbinah, P B (2023) Can rapid urbanization be sustainable? The case of Saudi Arabian cities Habitat International

4 Abubakar, I R & Dano, U L () Sustainable urban planning strategies for mitigating climate change in Saudi Arabia Environment

5 Shehri, T A , Braun, J F , Howarth, N , Lanza, A , & Luomi, M (2023) Saudi Arabia’s climate change policy and the circular carbon economy approach Climate Policy, 23(2), 151-167

6 AlQadhi, S , Mallick, J , Talukdar, S , Bindajam, A A , & Shohan, A A A (2021) Quantifi- cation of urban sprawl for past-to-future in Abha City, Saudi Arabia Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 129 (2), 755-786

7 Root, M C E (2023) Smartness and the City: A Comparative Study of Smart-City Ambitions and the Infrastructures of Smartness in Canadian Cities ucalgary ca

Sustainability in Clinical Research Industry: A Balancing Act for a Healthier Future

By: Dr. Najmudeen Sulthan

The world of clinical research, constantly striving to develop life-saving treatments, faces a new imperative: sustainability. While the industry's focus on human health remains paramount, its environmental and social impact are increasingly under scrutiny This article delves deeper into the need for sustainable practices in clinical research, explores existing and emerging solutions in detail, and ponders the positive impact a sustainable future holds for patients and the planet

The Need for Sustainability: A Multifaceted Issue

The environmental impact of clinical trials is often underestimated Here's a breakdown of the key concerns:

Carbon Footprint: Traditional clinical trials involve frequent travel for site visits, patient monitoring,auditing and investigator meetings This reliance on air travel and ground transportation generates significant carbon emissions, contributing to climate change.

Resource Usage: Research materials for clinical trials, including study medication, investigational kits, and patient monitoring devices, require extensive resource extraction and manufacturing processes Furthermore, the packaging and disposal of these materials can create a substantial waste burden

Beyond the environmental impact, a growing sense of environmental consciousness is driving change within the life sciences industry. Consumers, investors, and regulators are demanding accountability for the industry's footprint Additionally, ethical considerations extend beyond patient safety to encompass the social responsibility of research practices

Diversity and Inclusion: Traditionally, clinical trials have often lacked diversity in their participant pool This can lead to treatments that are less effective or have unforeseen side effects in certain populations. Ensuring fair access to clinical trials for all demographics promotes social justice and strengthens the generalizability of research findings.

Ethical Recruitment and Informed Consent: Respecting participant rights is paramount Ethical recruitment practices ensure participants are not coerced and fully understand the risks and benefits of the research before giving their informed consent

Environmental Sustainability in Action: Greener Solutions

Fortunately, innovative approaches are transforming the way clinical research is conducted, minimizing its environmental footprint:

Decentralized Trials (DCTs): These trials utilize technology to bring research closer to participants Telemedicine tools allow for virtual consultations and remote monitoring, while wearables and home-based testing kits capture data without requiring in-person visits The reduction in travel associated with DCTs significantly reduces carbon emissions

Optimizing Resource Use: Researchers are working on minimizing the materials needed for clinical trials. Streamlined study kits containing only essential components, the use of recyclable packaging materials, and the adoption of reusable devices for patient monitoring are all ways to reduce resource consumption and waste generation

Sustainable Lab Practices: Research laboratories can implement eco-friendly practices to lower their environmental impact Utilizing energy-efficient equipment, adopting green cleaning protocols, and implementing responsible waste management programs that prioritize recycling and proper disposal are crucial steps towards sustainability.

Social Sustainability in Clinical Research: A Broader Reach

Social sustainability ensures clinical research benefits all populations and promotes responsible research conduct:

Diversity and Inclusion Strategies: Reaching out to underrepresented communities through targeted recruitment efforts, culturally sensitive materials, and community partnerships are crucial for ensuring diverse participation in clinical trials Diverse participant pools ensure new treatments are effective and safe for a wider range of patients.

Ethical Recruitment Practices: Protecting the rights and welfare of participants is paramount This includes providing participants with clear and transparent information about the research, ensuring their anonymity is protected, and obtaining their informed consent freely and without coercion Building trust through ethical recruitment practices is essential for successful clinical research

Equitable Access to Research: Historically, certain populations have been underrepresented in clinical research due to geographical location, socioeconomic status, or lack of awareness. Initiatives aimed at increasing awareness and accessibility of research opportunities in underserved communities are crucial for promoting equity and ensuring all populations benefit from medical advancements

Technological Advancements for Sustainability: Powering Efficiency

Technology plays a key role in propelling sustainable clinical research practices:

Digital Platforms for Data Collection and Communication: Secure online platforms allow for remote data collection through electronic patient reported outcomes (ePRO) tools and wearable devices. These platforms also facilitate communication with participants, reducing the need for physical visits.

Cloud Computing: Cloud-based data storage and analysis solutions improve efficiency and resource utilization Storing data in the cloud eliminates the need for on-site servers, which require significant energy consumption for operation and cooling.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI can streamline trial processes by automating data entry, identifying potential participants from electronic health records (EHR), and predicting trial outcomes This reduces the need for manual labor and minimizes resource requirements

Challenges and Opportunities: Overcoming Hurdles for a Sustainable Future.

Balancing sustainability with data integrity and patient safety remains a key challenge in implementing these innovative approaches:

Validation of New Technologies: As with any new technology, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of data collected through digital platforms and wearables is crucial. Rigorous validation processes are essential to maintain data integrity and avoid compromising patient safety

Cost Considerations: Implementing sustainable practices often requires upfront investment in new technologies and infrastructure For smaller research organizations, this can be a significant hurdle. However, collaboration and knowledge-sharing within the industry can help develop cost-effective solutions and best practices

Regulatory Landscape: Regulations governing clinical trials may not be fully adapted to the evolving nature of decentralized trials and the use of new technologies Advocacy for regulatory reforms that streamline processes for DCTs and encourage sustainable practices is necessary.

Despite these challenges, significant opportunities exist for the industry to embrace sustainability: Collaboration and Knowledge-Sharing: Creating a culture of collaboration within the industry allows research organizations to share best practices, develop cost-effective solutions, and accelerate the adoption of sustainable technologies. Industrywide initiatives and knowledge-sharing platforms can foster collaboration and innovation Investment in Sustainable Infrastructure: Increased investment in sustainable infrastructure, such as cloud computing platforms and digital data collection tools, can create long-term cost savings and environmental benefits Public-private partnerships can play a crucial role in financing these advancements

The Future of Sustainable Clinical Research: A Positive Outlook

The future of clinical research is intertwined with a commitment to sustainability: Regulatory Considerations and Potential Changes: Regulatory bodies are likely to adapt to a more sustainable research landscape. Streamlining regulations for decentralized trials, encouraging the use of environmentally friendly practices, and mandating data transparency are potential future changes

Industry Best Practices and Emerging Trends: Leading companies will set the standard for sustainable research conduct Standardization of best practices and the emergence of new technologies specifically designed for sustainable clinical research will further accelerate progress.

The Positive Impact on Public Health and the Environment: A focus on sustainability in clinical research can have a profound positive impact By reducing the environmental footprint of research, the industry can contribute to a healthier planet Furthermore, ensuring diverse and equitable access to research can lead to more effective treatments for a wider range of populations, ultimately improving public health outcomes globally.

Conclusion:

The path towards sustainable clinical research requires a multi-pronged approach. By embracing innovative technologies, fostering inclusivity, and adopting environmentally conscious practices, the industry can create a future where cutting-edge medical advancements go hand-in-hand with a commitment to a healthier planet and a fairer healthcare system for all. Sustainability is not just a trend; it is a necessity for the future of clinical research and the well-being of generations to come References:

Authort:

Dr. Najmudeen Sulthan

Author, Clinical Research Expert, Business Researcher and AI Enthusiast

Currently Serving as a Business Development Manager at ArabMed Clinical Research Organization (Group of BANA Medical Company) www linkedin com/in/najjoo

Åhlen, K , & Albuquerque, V (2020) Sustainable practices in clinical trials A review Trials, 21(1), 122 https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/pmc/articles/PMC10303259/

Diversity and inclusion in clinical trials: a framework for change The National Academies Press https://www nationalacademies org/event/41856 04-2024 toward-a-framework-to-improve-diversity-and-inclusion-in-clinical-trials-a-

Guidance on informed consent for clinical trials of investigational medicinal products European Medicines Agency https://ec europa eu/research/participants/data/ref/fp7/89807/informed-consent en pdf

Trials and the Future of Clinical Research Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development https://pubmed ncbi nlm nih gov/36104654/

Navigating a Future of Equality: KKESH's Way-finding Standards

By: Nura Elghaib

Introduction

King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) is at the forefront of implementing accessibility improvements through its innovative Way-finding Standards project This initiative aligns perfectly with Sustainable Development Goal 10, which advocates for reduced inequalities. By enhancing the way patients and visitors navigate the complex hospital environment, KKESH aims to ensure that everyone, regardless of physical ability or language proficiency, can access services easily and independently This project not only supports the goal to end discrimination but also exemplifies KKESH's commitment to creating an inclusive and welcoming environment for all community members

Author: Nura M. ElGhaib KKESH Internal Designing – Director of Internal Designing linkedin com/in/nura-el-ghaib

The Genesis of the Way-finding Project

The Way-finding project was born from a strategic initiative led by Nura ElGhaib, Director of Internal Design at KKESH. Recognizing the diverse needs of the hospital's visitors, ElGhaib spearheaded the development of comprehensive Wayfinding Standards aimed at optimizing how individuals interact with the hospital space These standards were meticulously designed to align with Sustainable Development Goal 10, specifically Target 10 3, which focuses on ensuring equal opportunities and reducing inequalities The project's primary objective was to make KKESH an exemplar of inclusivity, demonstrating how thoughtful design can facilitate access for all users and set a benchmark in healthcare navigation.

Design and Accessibility Features

KKESH's Way-finding system incorporates a range of design and accessibility features to cater to a diverse array of needs. The signage uses a contrasting colour palette for better visibility, and fonts are selected for ease of reading by people with visual impairments. Signage is bilingual, presented in both Arabic and English, with additional icons to aid those who are illiterate or speak other languages Tactile features like Braille are prescribed in key locations, alongside audio systems in elevators and waiting areas to assist visitors with visual and cognitive challenges This comprehensive approach ensures that navigation within KKESH is not only possible but also comfortable for everyone.

Collaborative Efforts and Stakeholder Engagement

The development of the Way-finding Standards was a collaborative effort involving extensive stakeholder engagement across KKESH. Led by the Internal Design department, the project integrated insights from the CEO, COO, and representatives from the Patient Experience, Quality Management, IT, Fire, Maintenance & Safety, Media, and Purchasing departments This interdisciplinary approach facilitated a series of facilitated sessions and follow-up one-on-one engagements, ensuring that the Way-finding Standards address the specific needs and suggestions from various hospital sectors This inclusive process was crucial for developing a way-finding system that is not only functional and user-friendly but also embraced by all departments as a valuable improvement to the hospital infrastructure.

Challenges and Overcoming Barriers

Creating universally accessible way-finding standards at KKESH presented numerous challenges, particularly in aligning the diverse needs of all hospital visitors with the established design aesthetics of the hospital. The primary challenge was building a consensus among stakeholders on what standards to adopt that would serve visitors with various impairments effectively while maintaining the hospital’s sophisticated visual identity Through iterative discussions and prototype testing, the team managed to develop a set of Way-finding Standards that satisfied accessibility requirements

Sustainability and Future Directions

The Way-finding Standards project at KKESH was designed with sustainability at its core The adoption of a grid-based design approach ensures scalability and consistency across different areas of the hospital, significantly reducing material waste during production and installation. Looking forward, the hospital plans to integrate advanced digital signage technologies These innovations will include real-time updates and AI-driven features to enhance the adaptability and efficiency of the system, thereby ensuring that the Way-finding solutions remain sustainable and relevant in the long term This forward-thinking approach underlines KKESH’s commitment to continuous improvement and environmental responsibility.

Lessons Learned and Concluding Thoughts

The Way-finding project at KKESH has been a profound learning experience for all involved One of the key takeaways is the critical importance of centring patient needs in design processes, which necessitates robust support from leadership to drive such initiatives forward. KKESH’s CEO, Dr. Abdulaziz AlRajhi, provided essential backing, underscoring the role of executive sponsorship in facilitating significant changes Reflecting on the project, it becomes clear that such endeavours not only improve operational efficiency but also significantly enhance the patient and visitor experience, fostering a sense of belonging and respect for all

Next Step

The implementation of the way-finding standard at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) is a crucial step towards bringing to life the projected improvement in overall patient journey and its efficiency within the hospital. By providing clear and consistent signage throughout the facility, patients and visitors will be able to navigate the complex hospital environment more easily and with less confusion.

The way-finding standard will ensure that all signage, both permanent and temporary, is designed and placed in a way that directs individuals to their desired destination in the most efficient manner possible. This will not only reduce stress and frustration for patients and visitors, but also improve the flow of traffic within the hospital, ultimately leading to a more organized and streamlined experience for all.

By implementing this new standard, KKESH is demonstrating a commitment to enhancing the overall quality of care and service provided to patients This will serve as a valuable tool in ensuring that everyone who enters the hospital is able to find their way around easily and efficiently, ultimately leading to a better experience for all.

Call to Action

The Way-finding project at KKESH represents a pioneering step towards enhancing equality and accessibility within eye hospitals. While we are proud of our achievements, we recognize this as just the beginning of a broader journey to improve hospital accessibility universally. We warmly invite other institutions striving towards similar goals to connect with us Sharing experiences, challenges, and solutions can amplify our collective impact, driving us closer to achieving true equality in healthcare settings Let's collaborate to build environments that ensure dignity and ease for all, setting new benchmarks for inclusivity together

Smart Green Sustainable Cities in Saudi Arabia: Turning Vision into Reality

By: Peter Hegedüs

Saudi Arabia is on the cusp of a transformative era, spearheading the development of smart, green, and sustainable cities. These innovative urban landscapes are not just a vision; they are rapidly becoming a reality, delivering substantial and visible results As a newly recognized expert in smart cities, reforestation, sustainability, food production, IoT, and digitalization, we are committed to playing a pivotal role in this transformation.

At Metta Green Deep Tech, we leverage cutting-edge technologies such as AI, IoT, blockchain, and more to turn deserts into thriving forests and create greener, more sustainable environments. Our mission is clear: to transform arid wastelands into lush, productive forests, improve food quality and quantity, capture CO2 emissions, and promote green sustainable financing all within a year

Our efforts align with the ambitious goals of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030, aiming to diversify the economy and reduce dependence on oil by fostering sustainable development Smart cities in Saudi Arabia will feature advanced infrastructure, efficient resource management, and enhanced quality of life for residents The integration of digital technologies will ensure these cities are sustainable, resilient, and adaptable to future challenges

Author: Peter Hegedüs https://www linkedin com/in/peterheged%C3%BCs-2044124/

Innovative Solutions for a Sustainable Future

By 2050, approximately 69% of the world’s population is projected to live in cities (UN). Coupled with this urbanization is the stark reality reported by the FAO: around 1 billion people currently do not have enough food Additionally, UNESCO’s 2024 report highlights that about half of the world’s population suffers from severe water scarcity at least seasonally, and a quarter faces "extremely high" water stress, using more than 80% of their renewable freshwater resources annually These challenges underscore the urgent need for sustainable urban and agricultural solutions, which Metta Green Deep Tech is uniquely positioned to provide.

Our flagship product, 4BIOGROWFOOD, is designed to revolutionize alternative-protein production, reduce carbon emissions, and address food shortages By leveraging AI, IoT, machine learning, and blockchain, we create a symbiotic ecosystem that optimizes efficiency, sustainability, and productivity Our approach is customer-centric, addressing the unique needs and challenges of the farming and food production industries. From natural disasters to rising costs and supply chain issues, we provide solutions that benefit both people and the environment. Governments and stakeholders worldwide are actively seeking our expertise to meet the growing demand for food, with interest from regions including Asia, Africa, and the Middle East

Driving Change and Impact

Metta Green Deep Tech's efforts have garnered support and interest from various regions and entities We are in consultation with the City of Dortmund's Department of Innovations, one of the greenest cities in the world, and have received requests from Asian and African governments to test our services Our goal is to expand our presence in EU countries, with support from the Honorary Consulate of the Slovak Republic in Germany, and initial interest from the Middle East for desert reforestation solutions. Notable examples of early smart city concepts include Songdo in South Korea, Masdar City in the UAE, and Barcelona in Spain, all of which integrate advanced technologies to enhance urban living Additionally, we have started a partnership as a recognized partner with the EU Tech Chamber, further enhancing our capabilities and outreach

We are proud to announce that Metta Green Deep Tech was chosen as one of the Top 12 Startups and awarded as Startup of the Month in Europe 2023 by the prestigious magazine Digital Innovation. This recognition underscores our commitment to innovation and excellence in creating sustainable solutions for the future Peter Hegedüs, our founder and CEO, is a visionary leader committed to granting every child access to fragrant forests and a future fueled by healthy, sustainable foods "Metta Green fearlessly disrupts, delivering tangible solutions," says Peter "We don't just talk – we act, achieving real results. Together, let's ignite global transformation for lasting harmony and wellbeing."

WHAT IS THE MOST POLLUTION SOURCES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?

BY: PRINCESS NOURA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: ALJOHARAH SAAD BIN GONEEM, WAJD ABDULLAH ALJULYHI, JOUD MOHAMMED ALRABIAH, REEMA JARALLAH ALSHAMMARY, NOUF ABDULAZIZ ALHARBI, GALA ALDOSARI, SIREEN ADEL ALQAZNLI

Have you ever thought about what the most pollution sources for the environment?

Amidst growing industrial developments, one of the biggest challenges to tackle is increasing carbon emissions.

Carbon Dioxide emissions definition and sources:

Carbon is the fourth most common element in the universe, coming after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen It readily combines with other elements to form new substances and compounds One of these substances is carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide molecule forms when a carbon atom links with two oxygen atoms, which happens when carbon-based fuels like gasoline, coal, or wood, are burned. Also, some smaller amounts of CO2 result from the process of respiration of organisms and the decomposition of their waste When CO2 is made from burning of carbon fuels, it released as the most dangers pollutant for the environment

Carbon dioxide is called a greenhouse gas because it traps heat in the atmosphere and causes global warming. Before people started burning a lot of carbon fuels, there were about 280 ppm (parts of CO2 in a million parts of the air). By May 2022, that number raised up to about 421 ppm. This big jump is one of the reasons the Earth's climate change nowadays and it strongly effects living organisms’ general life

Ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions

Reducing the use of that kind of transportation source of energy (fossil fuels) that's harmful to the environment. Reducing the purchase of non-local products that consume fossil fuel for transportation and reusing tools instead of purchasing new ones, Avoid consuming unnecessary items, that cannot be recycled Investing in renewable and clean energy sources, such as solar and wind energy Reducing carbon dioxide emissions has a beneficial effect on the environment and the economy, Like reduce global warming and increase community health

From the previous, we can conclude that carbon dioxide (CO2) comes from the burning of carbonbased leads to changes in the Earth's climate Through our article here, we can positively impact the environment, global warming will decrease, and improve community health Also, businesses and governments must work together to reduce carbon emissions towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future

Achieving Net Zero: The Next Frontier in Carbon Neutrality through Carbon Removal Technologies

By: Saraswathi & Nithyanandan

Imagine Earth’s Atmospheric Conditions are stabilized without any severe weather conditions or climate related disasters with a preserved bio diversity extending the earth for all the livings without any hindrance to their existence

Surprisingly yes, it is by the potential to accelerate the transition to NetZero emissions by having cutting edge advancements with Carbon Removal Technologies such as removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or converting it to valuable products

How this can be achieved through Buildings?

Initiate with implementing Passive design strategies while the building is been configured by optimizing natural lighting, ventilation, heating or cooling. Buildings on ancient times have never depleted the energy resources as of today. Usage of High-Performance building materials and insulation to minimize heat loss or gain will not only be an added advantage but also installing energy efficient lighting, appliances and HVAC systems will bring a drastic change in the building environment along with incorporating advanced building automation and controls for optimized energy management. Onsite Renewable Energies to be implemented by installing rooftop solar panels, adapting solar water heating for additional energy resources. Battery storage systems to be utilized to store excess energy generated by renewable sources. Carbon neutrality through carbon removal technologies in building design involves implementing strategies to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thus offsetting emissions produced during the building's lifecycle

Carbon Removal Technologies:

Carbon Removal Technologies aim to capture and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or from point sources. One common method is Direct Air Capture (DAC), which uses chemical processes to capture CO2 directly from the air Another approach is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), where biomass is burned for energy, and the resulting CO2 emissions are captured and stored underground

Integration in Building Design:

Incorporating carbon removal technologies into building design involves several considerations For instance, buildings can be designed with space for DAC or BECCS facilities on-site or nearby, allowing captured carbon to be utilized or stored effectively Additionally, building materials can be selected based on their carbon footprint, with a preference for materials that have been produced using carbon-neutral or carbon-negative processes.

Operational Carbon Reduction:

While carbon removal technologies can offset emissions from the building's construction and ongoing operations, it's crucial to first minimize emissions wherever possible. Design strategies such as passive solar design, energy-efficient HVAC systems, and smart building management systems can significantly reduce a building's operational carbon footprint By prioritizing energy efficiency and renewable energy generation, the amount of carbon that needs to be removed can be minimized

Lifecycle Assessment and Monitoring:

It's essential to conduct a lifecycle assessment (LCA) to understand the building's overall carbon footprint, including both embodied and operational carbon emissions. This assessment informs decision-making throughout the design and construction process, guiding the selection of materials, technologies, and operational practices that minimize carbon emissions Additionally, ongoing monitoring ensures that the building remains carbon neutral over its lifespan

Collaboration and Innovation:

Achieving carbon neutrality through carbon removal technologies requires collaboration among architects, engineers, builders, and carbon removal specialists Innovations in technology and policy can further enhance the effectiveness and affordability of carbon removal solutions, making them more accessible for widespread adoption in building design and construction

In summary, carbon neutrality through carbon removal technologies in building design involves a comprehensive approach that integrates carbon capture and storage methods with energy-efficient design and operational practices By prioritizing these strategies, buildings can play a significant role in mitigating climate change while providing comfortable and sustainable spaces for occupants We must take responsibility for all our impacts, strive for long-term environmental benefits, foster transformative partnerships, and generate positive outcomes that give back more to nature than we take.

https://www linkedin com/in/sa ra-a-saraswathi-k-b798b31a0/

https://www linkedin com/in/ nithyanandan-k-336644b4/

Authors:

Saraswathi is the Sustainability Manager at Green Initiative DWC LLC with more than 10 years of experience in field of Sustainability She is a GRESB, LEED, WELL Accredited Professional, BREEAM Assessor & Envision Sustainability Professional

Nithyanandan is the Energy Manager at Green Initiative DWC LLC with more than 10 Years of experience in the field of Sustainability and Green Certification for High Performance Buildings. He is a Envision Sustainability Professional.