“The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia continues to unleash its enormous economic, geographical and cultural potential, and its pioneering efforts in sustainability and environmental conservation,”
His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud
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Word from SPSA Founder & President
As we present the 4th issue of the Saudi Sustainability Magazine, it is my distinct pleasure to share a few reflections as the founder of the Sustainability Professionals of Saudi Arabia (SPSA). This issue not only concludes our journey through 2024 but also marks a significant milestone in our collective quest for sustainable development
This past year has been one of remarkable progress for sustainability in Saudi Arabia. We have seen a vibrant array of initiatives and projects that exemplify our shared commitment to addressing environmental challenges and enhancing the quality of life for current and future generations From transformative policy changes to innovative community projects, the strides we’ve made illustrate the deepening integration of sustainability into the very fabric of our society.
However, the work is far from over As the pages of this magazine have revealed, the challenges we face are complex and multifaceted, requiring a concerted effort from all stakeholders government, industry, academia, and civil society. Our mission must continue to focus on fostering a culture of sustainability that promotes collaboration, drives innovation, and prioritizes education and outreach
In this issue, we will spotlight inspiring stories of individuals and organizations nationwide who are leading the charge in sustainable practices We will explore actionable strategies that professionals and businesses can adopt to enhance sustainability in their operations and communities. Our hope is to empower you, our readers, to not only be informed but to take action that contributes to a greener future.
In this issue, we are excited to explore a range of topics that are shaping the future of sustainable practices in our nation including the featured article: “Mobility Power Sustainability Hackathon 2024”. Dive into the details of this groundbreaking event that brought together innovative minds to tackle pressing challenges in mobility and transportation We will highlight the most promising ideas and solutions that emerged, showcasing how collaboration can lead to impactful change.
Our hope is to empower you, our readers, to not only be informed but to take action that contributes to a greener future As we close the chapter on 2024, let us carry forward the energy and enthusiasm generated this year. Together, we can lay the groundwork for a sustainable future in Saudi Arabia, one that honors our natural resources and aligns with our Vision 2030 goals Let us work hand in hand to ensure that sustainability remains at the forefront of our development agenda.
Thank you for being an integral part of this journey Let’s continue to inspire, innovate, and implement solutions that ensure a resilient and thriving environment for generations to come.
With dedication and hope,
Dr. Mohammed S. Al-Surf SPSA Founder & President
WhySPSA wasfounded?
Saudi Arabia faces the problem of a lack of professionalism and consistency in the emerging field of sustainability in the country. Currently, there are no standardized certifications, professional designations, or credentials for sustainability professionals in the country
This creates issues around consistency in job titles, salaries, and the scope of work for those in sustainability roles. It also limits career progression and credibility for sustainability professionals
To address this problem, SPSA aims to establish a professional membership program with designations and credentials in sustainability
This program will define standard job titles, salary bands, and competency requirements for different roles in the sustainability field. It will provide pathways for career progression through continuous professional development. The program will also establish SPSA as a thought leader in the space and build credibility for the sustainability profession in Saudi Arabia
Lackof professional standards
the lack of professional standards in sustainability creates problems for both employers and professionals in Saudi Arabia. By developing a robust professional membership program, SPSA can help define and elevate the sustainability profession, enabling its members to have successful and impactful careers
Key problems facing sustainability professionals and organizations in Saudi Arabia are:
A lack of awareness about sustainability best practices which limits adoption of sustainability initiatives
The absence of a professional membership organization to support, connect and set standards
Difficulty for organizations in determining and accessing sustainability expertise
Untapped opportunities for global partnerships and collaboration on sustainability issues
Prosperity
Peace
Partnership
Vision:
SPSA Pillars
Giving priority to the welfare of People of all backgrounds, ethnicity, religion, etc.
Protect our planet's natural resources and climate for future generations.
Ensure prosperous and fulfilling lives in harmony with nature.
Foster peaceful, just and inclusive society.
Implement the agenda through a solid global partnership.
Create a thriving community of sustainability professionals who are equipped with the knowledge, resources, and connections needed to drive positive change towards a more sustainable future in Saudi Arabia
Mission:
Creating an international multi-sector platform in Saudi Arabia that adopts sustainable measures and collaborates to find solutions to today’s most pressing economic, environmental and socio-political problems
+450 Employees
The Outcome of COP29 in Baku: Implications for Saudi Arabia's Climate Change Agenda
ARABIA'S CLIMATE CHANGE AGENDA
SPSA EDITORIAL
As the world grapples with the urgent crisis of climate change, COP29 (the 29th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) served as a pivotal moment for international climate negotiations. Held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in December 2024, this conference brought together leaders, stakeholders, and activists from around the globe to discuss and strategize actionable steps for mitigating climate change. For Saudi Arabia, this conference holds particular significance, especially in the context of its evolving climate change agenda
A Bold Commitment: Increasing Climate
Finance to $300 Billion Annually by 2035
The newly proposed agreement aims to significantly enhance climate financing by committing $300 billion annually by 2035. This represents a substantial increase over the previous commitment of $100 billion per year, which was intended to be provided by developed nations to support climate initiatives in developing countries by 2020
Unfortunately, this earlier target faced delays and was ultimately achieved two years later, in 2022 With the initial goal set to expire in 2025, this new agreement is designed to not only extend financial support but also ramp up efforts to address the escalating impacts of climate change.
This increased funding will be crucial for developing nations, which often bear the brunt of climate change despite contributing the least to global emissions. The $300 billion annual commitment will target essential areas such as renewable energy projects, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience programs, enabling developing countries to better adapt to climate impacts and transition to greener economies
Moreover, this monetary boost is expected to foster innovation and technology transfer, ensuring that developing nations can access the tools they need to implement effective climate solutions By escalating financial commitments, the international community can cultivate a more robust partnership in the fight against climate change, thus enhancing global collaboration and accountability The agreement reflects a growing recognition of the urgent need for action and the responsibility of wealthier nations to assist those most vulnerable to climate-related disasters as part of a comprehensive global strategy.
The agreement also lays the groundwork for next year's climate summit, which is set to take place in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil. This significant gathering will serve as a platform for countries to collaboratively map out a comprehensive strategy for the next decade of climate action. The choice of the Amazon as a venue highlights the urgency of protecting vital ecosystems that play a crucial role in carbon sequestration and biodiversity
At this summit, nations will engage in critical discussions and negotiations to establish concrete milestones and policies aimed at achieving the ambitious targets set during previous conferences. Participants are expected to address pressing issues such as deforestation, sustainability practices, and the importance of preserving the planet's remaining natural resources
The overall objective is to foster a unified approach to combat climate change over the next ten years, with a strong emphasis on equity and inclusivity, ensuring that both developed and developing nations can contribute effectively. As countries prepare for this pivotal summit, the groundwork laid by the recent agreement will be instrumental in guiding discussions and facilitating commitments that can lead to meaningful and lasting change in the global climate landscape
Alarming Trajectory: Potential for 3.1°C of Global Warming
The latest findings from the 2024 U.N. Emissions Gap report paint a stark picture of the world's trajectory concerning climate change Current estimates indicate that we are on track for a global temperature increase of as much as 3 1°C (5 6°F) by the end of this century if current trends continue This projection is particularly concerning, as it far exceeds the 1 5°C threshold set by the Paris Agreement, a target that scientists affirm is critical for avoiding the most catastrophic impacts of climate change.
Key factors contributing to this alarming outlook include rising global greenhouse gas emissions and a continued reliance on fossil fuels, which have shown no signs of abating Data reveals that carbon dioxide emissions reached a record 37 billion metric tons in 2023, underscoring the urgency of the crisis Major economies are still heavily reliant on coal, oil, and natural gas, leading to a persistent increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.
As temperatures rise, the consequences will be increasingly dire We can expect to see more extreme weather events, including severe droughts, hurricanes, and heatwaves, as well as rising sea levels that threaten coastal communities worldwide Additionally, these changes could exacerbate food and water scarcity, lead to the displacement of millions of people, and negatively impact biodiversity on an unprecedented scale.
The findings of the U N report serve as a clarion call for immediate and transformative action To avert the catastrophic impacts of climate change, nations must drastically reduce emissions, phase out fossil fuel dependency, and pivot toward sustainable energy solutions This urgent need for intervention reinforces the importance of international agreements and collaborative efforts, such as the commitments made at COP29, which aim to chart a more sustainable path forward and tackle the escalating climate crisis.
The $300 Billion Price Tag: A Glimpse into Global Oil Consumption
The staggering figure of $300 billion represents the cost of all the crude oil consumed globally in just a little over 40 days, according to calculations by Reuters. This estimate is based on worldwide crude oil demand, which stands at approximately 100 million barrels per day along with end-November Brent crude oil prices
This figure underscores the immense financial implications of our continued reliance on fossil fuels, highlighting the need for significant transition strategies toward sustainable energy alternatives The sheer volume of oil consumed in such a brief period calls attention to the lasting impacts of fossil fuel dependency, not only on the environment but also on economic structures and geopolitical dynamics.
At the heart of this issue is the urgent need for a transition to renewable energy sources, which could not only mitigate the effects of climate change but also lessen the financial burden associated with fluctuating oil prices. As the world grapples with rising costs linked to energy and food, reducing reliance on oil could provide stability in both economic and environmental realms
As countries set their sights on achieving climate targets, the insights derived from this $300 billion price tag should serve as a catalyst for discussions about sustainable energy solutions, energy efficiency measures, and significant investment in green technologies. The transition to a low-carbon economy is not just an environmental imperative; it is also a necessary step toward economic resilience in a rapidly changing world
Embracing Renewable Energy: A Realistic Transition
The transition to renewable energy sources is not only imperative for combating climate change but also crucial for ensuring energy security and economic stability Investing in renewables such as solar, wind, and hydropower presents an opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, create jobs in emerging industries, and decrease reliance on imported fossil fuels Furthermore, renewable energy sources are increasingly becoming cost-competitive with traditional energy forms, making them an attractive option for countries seeking to enhance their energy resilience.
However, as we advocate for this transition, it is essential to maintain a realistic perspective on the timeline and logistical challenges involved If fossil fuel consumption were to cease abruptly today, studies indicate that it would take approximately 30 years to fully transition to renewable energy using the current technologies and infrastructure available in the market This delay is primarily due to several factors, including the need for extensive investments in new energy systems, the development of storage technologies to manage intermittent energy supply, and the retrofitting of existing facilities.
A realistic transition plan must also prioritize energy efficiency and technologies that could bridge the gap, such as natural gas as a transitional fuel, advanced nuclear energy, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) practices for heavy industries Policymakers should focus on creating a comprehensive roadmap that incorporates these elements, ensuring that the move away from fossil fuels aligns with economic and social considerations, while effectively addressing the urgent need for climate action.
By acknowledging the complexities of transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy, stakeholders can better craft sustainable, actionable plans that balance environmental goals with economic realities, ultimately paving the way for a cleaner and more resilient energy future
Key Outcomes of COP29
COP29 resulted in several notable outcomes that will influence global climate policy and local initiatives, particularly for oil-rich nations like Saudi Arabia
1. Strengthened Global Commitments to Net Zero
A significant achievement of COP29 was the formal commitment by over 150 nations to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Delegates emphasized the need for countries to revise their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs); an analysis indicated that updated NDCs could collectively reduce global emissions by approximately 25% by 2030 compared to 2019 levels.
2. Emphasis on Adaptation and Resilience
The conference established a new $300 billion fund specifically aimed at assisting developing nations in implementing climate adaptation strategies. This funding aims to provide support for coastal protection, drought resilience, and agricultural transformation, recognizing the urgent need for climate resilience in vulnerable regions
3. Innovative Financing for Green Initiatives
COP29 spurred essential discussions on innovative financing solutions for climate action. In a significant development, developed countries collectively pledged to mobilize $300 billion annually by 2035 to support renewable energy projects and infrastructure improvements in developing countries. This enhanced commitment not only reflects a critical escalation from the previous goal of $100 billion annually, which aimed to start in 2025, but also underscores the urgency of transitioning to a lowcarbon economy
4. Launch of the New Carbon Trading Platform at COP29
The establishment of a more robust international carbon market was a crucial topic of discussion at COP29, particularly with the announcement of the new Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) platform launched by Saudi Arabia. This innovative framework enables nations with excess emission reductions to sell carbon credits to those striving to meet their climate targets.
The Saudi VCM is poised to catalyze significant investment in carbon offset projects and provide financial incentives for emissions reduction across the globe With projections indicating that this system could create a market worth over $50 billion by 2030, the platform represents a critical step toward enhancing global cooperation in the fight against climate change.
Credit: Arab News 2024
Saudi Arabia's Climate Change Agenda
As the world moves towards green technologies and sustainable development, Saudi Arabia is strategically positioning itself within this new landscape. The outcomes of COP29 align well with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, especially in the following areas:
1. Investment in Renewable Energy
Saudi Arabia aims to generate 50% of its energy from renewable sources by 2030, with a target to install 58 7 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy capacity. The results from COP29 will enhance these initiatives, allowing the Kingdom to leverage international partnerships and funding to drive projects such as the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park, which aims to reach 5,000 megawatts (MW) of solar energy capacity by 2030
2. Carbon Management Strategies
The Kingdom has unveiled plans to capture and store 16 million tons of carbon emissions annually by 2030 across various sectors, including energy and industry. COP29’s focus on carbon markets provides opportunities for Saudi Arabia to adopt innovative carbon management technologies, facilitating the transition to a greener economy.
3. Promoting Sustainable Development
Saudi Arabia is committed to transitioning from an oil-based economy to a more diversified and sustainable framework in line with its Vision 2030 goals The outcomes of COP29, particularly concerning adaptation and financing, could enable the Kingdom to invest in sustainable agriculture, advanced water management (aiming to recycle 50% of its water resources), and eco-friendly technologies that align with global standards.
4. International Collaboration
With COP29's emphasis on global cooperation, Saudi Arabia can build alliances with other nations focused on climate action By engaging in technology exchanges, research collaborations, and joint initiatives, the Kingdom can strengthen its position as a leader in sustainable practices while achieving its climate objectives.
Credit: Saudi GaZette 2024
Conclusion
COP29 marked a transformative moment in the global fight against climate change, ushering in ambitious commitments and innovative solutions that aim to reshape the future of our planet. The announcement of the $300 billion annual climate financing pledge by developed countries underscores the urgent need for comprehensive financial mechanisms to facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy This funding, alongside the establishment of Saudi Arabia's new Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM), sets a foundation for robust international cooperation in emissions reduction, enabling nations to trade carbon credits and incentivize sustainable practices As the world continues on a path toward potential warming of up to 3.1°C by the end of the century, actions taken now will be critical in averting the worst impacts of climate change. The establishment of a dynamic and effective carbon trading system, combined with increased investment in renewable energy, offers a realistic route forward, addressing the complexities and challenges of this transition
Saudi Arabia’s commitment to embracing renewable technologies and innovative financing solutions positions it as a leader in the emerging green economy, while also facilitating the Kingdom’s own sustainability goals. As countries prepare for the next climate summit in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, the groundwork laid at COP29 will be instrumental in guiding global discussions and commitments for the next decade
By recognizing the economic implications of fossil fuel dependency, redirecting significant funding toward green initiatives, and fostering global collaboration, we can pave the way for a sustainable future The momentum generated by COP29 provides a critical opportunity for nations to unite in their efforts, ensuring that the battle against climate change not only addresses environmental concerns but also promotes economic resilience and social equity for generations to come
Innovation in Action at the Mobility Power Sustainability Hackathon 2024
By: Zenaida Stead, PhD
Gathering over 20 submissions from teams all over the kingdom, the “Mobility Power Sustainability hackathon” came to a thrilling conclusion on Sunday, Oct 27th at the Academy32 at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), where the judging panel comprising esteemed experts including James Nash (Co-Founder of ActiveScore/ModeScore), Dr. Eman Alhajji (Founder of Saudi Youth for Sustainability), Dr. Justine Braguy (Co-Founder of Thya Technology), Dr. Feras Alshehri (Enterprise Sustainability Director, KACST), and Saad Alkharji (Business Development Specialist, ADREK LLC) announced the winners with great anticipation This year, Mirsal and Doos emerged as equal first winners, while Salis secured third place
Mirsal, presented by Ali AbdulSalam and Nazih Alsadeq, offers a comprehensive solution that utilizes computer vision for automated accident assessment, allowing users to record collisions even when their car is parked, and promoting safe driving through personalized insurance plans that significantly reduce wait times for accident reporting
Doos, stands out as the "Uber for school buses," ensuring child safety during commutes with automated ID checks and visual verification at drop-off locations. Jumana Almushcab and Yosra M. were thinking even further, they optimized their fleet’s energy consumption by adjusting air conditioning based on occupancy and planned to introduce hybrid electric vehicles
Salis, created by Mozn Alshehri and Ruba Aljahdi, simplifies transportation planning by allowing users to enter their destination and receive suggestions for the three fastest routes, incorporating buses, cycling, or walking.
Together, these winning teams not only showcased the boundless potential of sustainable transport solutions but also set a benchmark for future innovators With their visionary projects, Mirsal, Doos, and Salis demonstrate how cutting-edge technology and eco-conscious design can seamlessly intersect to address modern mobility challenges To know more about the Power Sustainability Hackathon initiative, click here
Heartfelt thanks to the incredible sponsors for their generous support and shared vision: ModeScore for joining the Power Sustainability Hackathon and sharing key challenges in sustainable transportation, providing invaluable guidance to our participants KACST for making this in-person event possible, ensuring our hackers were inspired by visits to the Sustainable Transport Institute and The Garage, and providing a comfortable, well-fed experience throughout Acceleration and Finale Day.
Dr Zenaida Stead
Saudi Youth for Sustainability and Thya Technology for their unwavering support and commitment to inspire and foster sustainable innovations
From KAUST to Power Hackathon Champion with Mirsal
What do you get when you mix a road trip, a competition, and Artificial Intelligence? Well, if you’re Ali Abdul Salam, you get Mirsal an AI-powered mobility solution that’s ready to turn road safety on its head in the most sustainable way possible But let’s rewind for a moment, because the story behind Mirsal is as compelling as the solution itself.
Ali’s tech journey started at KAUST, where he grew up surrounded by scientific minds, innovators, and young entrepreneurs However, he wasn’t content to just stand on the sidelines he was eager to dive in and turn his ideas into real-world creations that made an impact Fast forward to Vlerick Business School in Belgium, where Ali’s now finishing a Master’s in Business Analytics and AI His mindset? Why just learn the game when you can change it?
The idea for Mirsal wasn’t born in a high-tech lab or at a conference full of suits and buzzwords. Instead, it was sparked during a traffic accident on a drive to Jeddah with his dad Picture this: the car idling, sun blazing, and both of them waiting endlessly for the accident protocol to unfold It was the kind of situation we’ve all experienced in Saudi Arabia daunting, confusing, and anything but efficient But for Ali, this was the moment Mirsal was born.
Using dashcams, telematics sensors, and a mobile app, Mirsal offers real-time accident reporting, personalized insurance options, and most importantly focuses heavily on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) insights. Leveraging Thya Technology, a Saudi startup specializing in advanced computer vision software, Ali and his teammate Nazih were able to develop AI models to analyze camera footage, detect and classify car accidents with remarkable accuracy Combining real-time video analysis with telematics data, Mirsal tells a more accurate and comprehensive account of an incident than a single photo ever could The name “Mirsal,” meaning “messenger,” perfectly captures the platform’s role in connecting drivers, insurance companies, and government agencies, creating a seamless communication bridge. Gone are the days of waiting for Najm or relying on a couple of blurry post-accident pictures Mirsal’s AI takes the wheel, analyzing live video footage and telematics data to deliver a comprehensive view of what really happened
Mirsal isn’t just about improving traffic flow it’s a sustainability game-changer By cutting down on the time cars spend idling during accidents, the app helps reduce harmful emissions, contributing to cleaner air and less traffic congestion. Furthermore, by digitizing accident reporting and ensuring real-time, accurate data is collected and analyzed, Mirsal aligns with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, supporting sustainable urban planning and smart city initiatives By integrating AI, real-time data, and environmental considerations into infrastructure decision-making, it’s helping to create a more sustainable and efficient future for the nation
Ali’s dream doesn’t stop at winning hackathons. He’s driven by a vision of a safer, more sustainable Saudi Arabia, where road safety isn’t just smart it’s efficient, eco-friendly, and seamlessly integrated into daily life If Mirsal takes off the way he hopes, it’ll be a game-changer, making life easier for drivers while giving the environment a much-needed break
Interested in supporting this idea to the next stage? Contact hackathon@thya-technology com
When you’re stuck in Riyadh’s infamous traffic AGAIN and you know the struggle all too well, the last thing on your mind might be a smooth, sustainable solution to the chaos. But for Jumana Almushcab and Yosra Meskinyar, that challenge turned into an opportunity Together, they put the ‘pedal to the metal’ at this year’s Power Hackathon and created DOOS a solution designed to tackle congestion and transform school commutes into something more efficient, reliable, and dare we say, a bit more fun?
The pair’s shared frustration with Riyadh’s relentless traffic became the fuel for DOOS’s creation. But they didn’t just want to “fix” the problem they wanted to completely rethink how school transportation works, all while embracing sustainability “Why not create a school transport system that’s as flexible and convenient as your Uber app, but more eco-friendly and stress-free?” they thought And with DOOS, that vision was set in motion
DOOS is a true game-changer when it comes to sustainability in Riyadh’s school transportation system. By reducing traffic congestion and promoting mass transit, it tackles harmful emissions head-on, helping to improve air quality across the city The addition of electric vehicles to the fleet further reduces carbon footprints, while the real-time data analytics optimize routes to minimize fuel consumption and maximize efficiency This smart solution doesn’t just ease traffic it also promotes eco-friendly habits by offering a shared, convenient ride that supports the shift away from personal cars With all these features combined, DOOS not only addresses the immediate challenge of congestion but also contributes to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 sustainability goals, making the city greener and smarter. And let’s be honest who wouldn’t want to commute with their friends, while also doing something good for the environment?
With ThyaTechs help Jumana and Yosra were able to fine-tune their vision and turn it into a fully functioning solution Navigating privacy and ethical considerations around AI was essential to ensuring safety without compromising security. Thya’s expertise in computer vision proved invaluable, helping refine AI models for occupant detection, ensuring the app worked smoothly and securely With their support, DOOS became an innovative solution offering both efficiency and safety in school transportation
So, what’s next for DOOS? As Riyadh’s population grows, so does the pressure on its transportation system But DOOS is here to make the ride smoother, cleaner, and smarter With an emphasis on reducing carbon emissions, alleviating congestion, and providing a modern alternative to the traditional school run, Jumana and Yosra’s creation has the potential to not just revolutionize how kids get to school, but also contribute to the larger vision for a sustainable, future-forward Riyadh
So, next time you hear someone shout “Yalla DOOS!” just know, they’re probably on their way to making Riyadh’s school commutes smarter, greener, and a whole lot more fun
Salis
Revolutionizing Urban Mobility in Riyadh
Every morning, as the sun stretches over Riyadh, you don’t even need to glance outside to know the city’s roads are already choked with bumper-to-bumper traffic. It’s a familiar scene: commuters locked in an unending duel with traffic, inching forward at a pace that makes a tortoise look like a sprinter Sure, it might give you enough time to binge your favorite Spotify podcasts or even appease that relentless Duolingo owl with your daily streak (congratulations, you’re now fluent in traffic rage), but deep down, what every Riyadh citizen really craves is a smooth, stress-free, traffic-free glide across their marvelous city.
Enter Salis the app that’s here to make commuting an eco-friendly, smart and effortless choice that even comes with usage perks Real-time, optimized routes? Check Prioritized safety and sustainability? Double-check Rewards for ditching solo drives and hopping on public transit? Where do I sign up!?
Thanks to Mozn AlShehri and her teammates Ruba Abdulaziz, Rina AlShehri, and Raghad Abdullah the team’s entry into the Power Hackathon brought to life an ambitious vision: to make public transportation not just accessible, but actually appealing to Riyadh’s urban landscape.
Salis is a sustainability powerhouse, allowing commuters to select their routes to easily integrate with local transit systems The app reduces fuel consumption, cuts emissions, and encourages users to opt for eco-friendly alternatives instead of solo car rides. With updates from real-time traffic and weather data, Salis ensures you’re always choosing the quickest and greenest option. A game-changer in this journey was the invaluable support from Thya Technology. Thanks to Thya’s cutting-edge computer vision, Salis can accurately analyse traffic patterns and optimize routes for maximum efficiency But that’s not all Thya’s weather model provides real-time travel recommendations, ensuring commuters not only navigate smoothly but also minimize their environmental footprint In short, Salis makes your daily commute not just easier, but infinitely more eco-friendly and the planet thanks you for it!
Of course, changing the public’s mindset about public transit wasn’t all smooth sailing. “Our main challenge was shifting the mindset around public transportation,” Ruba says In a city like Riyadh, where driving solo is the default, convincing people to opt for alternatives is no small feat To overcome this, the team took a deep dive into user behavior and perceptions, designing an app that not only gets you where you need to go, but actually makes you want to hop on. Here, Rina’s design genius came in crafting an interface that’s both intuitive and engaging, making the user experience as smooth as the name implies.
It’s all about putting the power of choice back in your hands so you can stop battling traffic and start embracing a greener, more sustainable future The next time the sun rises over Riyadh, it won’t just shine on a city trapped in traffic, but a city where commuters glide together effortlessly through green, eco-friendly routes. That’s the future Salis is helping to create, one smoother, smarter, and more sustainable ride at a time. So, instead of brushing up on your traffic rage with the Duolingo owl, why not use your commute time to brush up on the language of sustainability? Because the only thing we want you fluent in now is green, not gridlock
“Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.”
George Bernard Shaw
What Sustainability Pioneers Say!
Reflections and inflections with Abdulelah Alsheikh
The year 2016 was something of an inflection point for the sustainability profession in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
In January, the United Nations released its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Then in April, KSA released Saudi Vision 2030. The nation coalesced around this new Vision and sustainability emerged as a key national priority Today, demand for qualified professionals with specialist expertise across a range of sustainability-related disciplines is high, as local projects seek to set a new benchmark for sustainable urban development.
It hasn’t always been this way.
When I began my career, urban development efforts were largely fuelled by oil wealth and often delivered with little regard for environmental impact In the time since, I’ve seen this approach steadily change and have contributed to this evolving landscape through my work.
I spent more than 30 years in the real estate/urban development sector, starting as a research specialist, transitioning through various leadership roles, including establishing and leading a housing development company, before working with government entities, such as the Public Investment Fund (PIF) and the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, as well as international organizations like the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and UN Habitat.
During this time, I observed and engaged with various sustainability practices worldwide and witnessed these practices emerge as a core component of infrastructure projects I was fortunate to help update the National Spatial Strategy[i] and develop the City Prosperity Index framework for 17 cities as part of the Future Saudi Cities Program [ii] The Index provided a framework to assess the current level of prosperity in Saudi cities for the first time. It examined city performance across six dimensions, including environmental sustainability, equity and social inclusion and quality of life, providing an indication of current performance and a baseline to measure the impact of future urban development initiatives against
[i] Review of the National Spatial Strategy. Accessed from: https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/downloadmanager-files/FSCP Draft%20NSS%20Review%20%2820151130%29.pdf
[ii] Future Saudi Cities Program. Accessed from: https://ourcityplans.org/planning-experiences/future-saudicities-programme
Engaging with local communities and incorporating local traditions and cultural values is crucial in ensuring the acceptance and effectiveness of sustainable practices. For example, traditions of hospitality and community support align well with social sustainability goals Islamic principles emphasizing stewardship of the earth provide a cultural foundation for environmental efforts [i]
My personal philosophy on sustainability also evolved significantly, shifting from focusing primarily on environmental impacts to appreciating the balance between environmental health, economic viability and social equity. Sustainability requires a comprehensive approach and I credit my work in urban economics and management, particularly through key projects aimed at fostering sustainable urban development, with this shift
I joined Jacobs in 2020. At the time, the company had just navigated its own inflection point. A new business strategy was launched with a focus on delivering connected and sustainable solutions through technology enabled execution and a new brand emerged. The company's commitment to making a meaningful impact through sustainable practices appealed strongly to me and Jacobs' "Plan Beyond" sustainability approach[ii] aligned with my own values of optimizing environmental, social, economic and governance outcomes over the life of an asset Since then, the commitment to sustainability has only deepened.
Looking to the future, advancements in clean energy technologies, the increased role of artificial intelligence in resource management and the rise of smart cities have the potential to significantly shape Saudi Arabia's urban landscapes It’s exciting to see sustainability practices steadily evolving with a growing suite of metrics and measurement tools demonstrating positive impact, such as carbon footprint reduction, energy efficiency improvements, social impact assessments and economic benefits.
Sustainability practitioners are critical members of project teams, connecting disciplines, owning the sustainability vision and driving the business case for sustainable outcomes The value of this approach is clear when we look at events like Expo 2020 Dubai [i] A Director of Sustainability & Innovation was embedded as a key member of the Program delivery team, responsible for embedding sustainable urban development principles into all aspects of the program of work This approach delivered on the vision to host “one of the most sustainable World Expos in history” and set a new performance benchmark for future events.
My personal ambitions for the future are centred around advancing the adoption of sustainability across multiple sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. I envision a future where sustainable practices are deeply integrated into all facets of development, guiding us towards a path of long-term resilience and prosperity
It is my hope that through collaborative efforts and continued innovation, Saudi Arabia will emerge as a leader in sustainable development on the global stage Together, we can ensure that we not only meet the current needs of our society but also preserve and enhance the environment for future generations.
[i] Expo City Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Accessed from: https://www jacobs com/projects/Expo-2020Dubai
“WE CAN NEVER HAVE ENOUGH OF NATURE.”
Henry David Thoreau
Soaring high: How drones are revolutionising wind turbine inspections in Saudi Arabia's deserts
Imagine a vast, sun-baked desert terrain that extends as far as the eye can see At the middle of this dry landscape are towering wind turbines that harness the power of the wind to generate clean energy; however, maintaining these structures in such a harsh environment presents a significant challenge
Old way: A high-risk business
The traditional approach to wind turbine maintenance is a highrisk business These turbines are indeed complex structures that require regular inspection and maintenance to ensure efficient and safety operation. Classic inspection methods, such as manual climbing and rope access techniques, are not only highly timeconsuming and labour-intensive, but also present significant safety hazards to technicians in harsh environments like the Saudi Arabian deserts Such extreme conditions as high wind speeds, extreme temperatures, and remote locations can further compound these challenges.
Author: Abdulkarim Abdulrazek
It, therefore, becomes necessary to continue seeking other methods that, besides being efficient, might be less risky and less time-consuming
New era: Drones to the rescue
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or commonly known as drones, have been one of the major technologies to come into prominence in the inspection of wind turbines. With high-resolution cameras, thermal imaging sensors, among other advanced equipment, the drones can capture detailed images and videos of wind turbine blades, towers, and nacelles The data, at this point, can then be analyzed by experts who are going to identify areas where potential problems such as cracks, corrosion, and misalignment are, therefore providing ways for timely repair and maintenance Moreover, the drones will help in detecting fault lines that are not visibly noticeable to the human eyes Some of these faults might be an error from the production stage.
The benefits of drone inspections
Safety First: Drones save technicians from dangerous heights, hence minimizing the chances of accidents.
Speed and Efficiency: Drone inspections are much faster compared to traditional methods, minimizing downtime and maximizing energy production
A Closer Look: Drones can capture high-quality images from different angles, hence providing a detailed visual inspection of every turbine component
Cost-Effective: In terms of reducing the use of specialized equipment and personnel, there is a prospect for significant cost savings in inspections using drones.
Remote access: Drones can easily reach remote and inaccessible wind farms, especially in the vast deserts of Saudi Arabia
Job Creation: The rise of drone technology has led to the creation of new jobs, such as drone pilots, data analysts, and maintenance technicians This, too, goes a long way in the growth of the economy and labor opportunities within the renewable energy sector
Tailoring Drone Technology to Saudi Arabia's Unique Needs
Saudi Arabia, with ambitious renewable energy targets and extensive desert landscapes, is one of the frontrunners in adopting drone technology for wind turbine inspection The harsh climate and remote locations of wind farms in Saudi Arabia make drones an ideal solution for efficient and safe maintenance.
The adaptation of drone technology according to the specific requirements of the diverse and challenging environment in Saudi Arabia is a matter of crucial necessity The unique challenges posed by the country's vast desert landscapes and extreme climate conditions necessitate the development of innovative solutions for wind turbine inspection. To address these challenges, it is imperative to adapt and tailor drone technology to the specific requirements of the kingdom. A number of key considerations must be taken into account, including:
Robustness of drone design: It is important that drones to be used within Saudi Arabia are designed and developed to bear the harsh environment they are likely to be exposed to, including high temperatures, sandstorms, and strong wind speeds. Advanced sensor technologies: It is recommended to complement drones with advanced sensors like thermal-imaging cameras or LiDAR to enable defect detection in poor visibility conditions as well
Reliable Communication Systems: In ensuring that data flow between drones and ground control stations is uninterrupted, especially in areas that are either far away or inaccessible, it becomes very important to ensure that the communication systems are reliable. It is also very important to have highly trained operators to ensure maximum efficiency and safety in drone inspections.
Future of Drone Inspections in Saudi Arabia
With each passing day, the future of drone technology applications in the wind energy industry is becoming more and more innovative. From autonomous drones to AI-powered analytics, the future of wind turbine inspection seems bright. With the adoption of this most advanced technology, Saudi Arabia will be in a position to ensure that its renewable energy initiatives prove sustainable in the long run, thus gifting a greener future
So, the next time that wind turbine stands tall above the desert of Saudi Arabia, remember that behind its grandeur, a fleet of drones is working round the clock to keep it running smoothly
This innovation can enable Saudi Arabia to ensure long-term sustainability in large renewable energy initiatives and support a greener future
Thus, when encountering a wind turbine in the Saudi desert, it is important to recognise that the operation of this monumental structure is facilitated by a constant and dedicated fleet of drones
In all, drone technology will provide Saudi Arabia with an opportunity to increase operational efficiency, lower maintenance costs, and secure the long-term viability of its renewable energy sector As the kingdom further invests in wind energy and other renewable sources, one thing is certain: drones will continue to play a key role in shaping its future of energy
Conclusion
Drones are turning out to be a vital tool for the global transformation of inspection methodologies in wind turbines This technology has been especially successful within the Saudi Arabian market to date, proving that this could be a consistent instrument in improving operational efficiency and safety The drone contributes to further successes of the renewable energy initiatives in the kingdom by mitigating some of the challenges posed by the harsh desert environment and improving maintenance operations in terms of efficiency and safety. As technology advances, so do the capabilities of drones, which will only continue to expand in innovative applications within the wind energy sector and further solidify Saudi Arabia's standing as a leader on the global stage for renewable energy
About the Author: Abdulkarim
Abdulrazek, PhD candidate
As a dedicated wind energy expert and educator, Abdulkarim is passionate about advancing the field of wind energy through innovative solutions and knowledge sharing With a strong foundation in wind energy engineering and a focus on advanced measurement techniques, he provides expert consultancy and comprehensive training to individuals and organizations
His expertise lies in optimizing wind measurement strategies, analyzing complex data sets, and developing effective training programs He is committed to equipping clients with the knowledge and skills necessary to harness the power of wind and contribute to a sustainable future
“SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS A FUNDAMENTAL BREAK THAT’S GOING TO RESHUFFLE THE ENTIRE DECK. THERE ARE COMPANIES TODAY THAT ARE GOING TO DOMINATE IN THE FUTURE SIMPLY BECAUSE THEY UNDERSTAND THAT.”
Francois-Henri Pinault
Transitioning from Engineering to ESG: Challenges, Opportunities, and the Path Forward
As a chemical and petroleum engineer, my transition into the field of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) consulting has been both challenging and transformative Moving from the technical world of engineering to sustainability required me to adopt a broader perspective, focusing on the intersection of business operations, environmental responsibility, and social impact.
In my current role as an ESG consultant, particularly within a startup environment, I have observed that our primary challenge lies in engaging small and medium enterprises (SMEs) While large organizations have the resources and systems to adopt sustainability practices, SMEs often face constraints such as limited awareness, financial resources, and technical expertise Yet, these enterprises form the backbone of our economy, and their participation is critical for achieving long-term sustainability goals.
One of my core responsibilities in ESG projects has been identifying gaps within companies’ sustainability practices This often involves:
Conducting gap analyses: to understand where a company currently stands in its ESG journey
Engaging company leadership and employees: to build awareness about the immediate and longterm challenges of neglecting sustainability.
Facilitating workshops and discussions: to create actionable strategies tailored to the company’s needs and capabilities
A key focus of my work has been communicating the potential risks businesses will face in the near future if they do not prioritize sustainability From regulatory compliance to consumer expectations, the world is rapidly moving towards a greener, more responsible economy. Companies that fail to act risk falling behind their competitors and losing stakeholder trust.
To achieve meaningful and lasting change, we must make sustainability accessible, engaging, and actionable for everyone The complexity of sustainability concepts often discourages employees from actively participating in ESG initiatives One innovative approach is to use
Creative and interactive methods to teach sustainability, such as:
Fun and engaging videos: that simplify complex ideas while emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices
Gamification of learning: where employees earn rewards for adopting and promoting green initiatives
Storytelling and real-life case studies: to showcase the positive impact of sustainability on businesses and communities.
By integrating these approaches, we can inspire employees at all levels to embrace sustainability as part of their daily roles rather than viewing it as an added responsibility
Small and medium enterprises play a pivotal role in driving sustainability transformations However, they need guidance, tools, and support to make this journey smoother. As ESG professionals, our responsibility is to:
Simplify the path to sustainability by breaking down complex goals into achievable steps
Provide practical solutions that align with SMEs' financial and operational realities
Foster collaboration between businesses, consultants, and policymakers to accelerate collective progress
Transitioning into ESG has shown me that achieving sustainability is not about perfection but about consistent progress Through creativity, education, and engagement, we can help companies integrate sustainability into their core strategies and make a lasting impact For SMEs, the journey may seem challenging, but with the right guidance and tools, they can become leaders in sustainability and contribute significantly to a greener future
The time for action is now let’s make sustainability a shared responsibility and a collective success story
“We don’t have to engage in grand, heroic actions to participate in change. Small acts, when multiplied by millions of people, can transform the world.”
Howard Zinn
From Waste to Wonder Transforming Mining Waste into Sustainable Bricks
Introduction
Jerada, a small city nestled in northeastern Morocco, was once a vibrant industrial center, known for its abundant coal resources that powered much of the region’s economy and contributed significantly to the national energy grid During its peak, the city was a major coal producer, with vast mines that not only fueled Morocco’s economy but also provided livelihoods for thousands of workers
However, in the early 2000s, the decline of the coal industry, followed by the abrupt closure of the mines, left Jerada grappling with a series of interconnected crises: economic collapse, social unrest, environmental devastation, and a growing housing shortage The abrupt cessation of mining activities did not only take away the main source of employment for the local population but also left behind an environmental nightmare. Soil contamination, air pollution, and the accumulation of mining waste have severely damaged the natural environment Jerada now finds itself in a struggle to redefine its identity and find a path toward economic recovery and environmental restoration
One of the most pressing issues facing the city is the informal housing crisis Around 90% of the urban fabric of Jerada consists of informal settlements structures that are built using unregulated and unsustainable materials. This rapid urbanization without adequate planning has led to overcrowding, poor living conditions, and further strain on the city’s already overstressed infrastructure
Author: Alaa Halifi Architect, Urban planner and novelist from Morocco, currently pursuing a PhD in Architecture, Urban Design & Environment Winner of the World Architecture Award in Pennsylvania, USA, in 2020, and the Rafidain Award for Best First Book in Lebanon in 2021
Jerada’s Environmental Crisis: A Legacy of Mining Waste
The environmental impact of coal mining in Jerada has been devastating Decades of extraction have left behind an extensive and toxic legacy, with mining waste scattered across the landscape The main environmental concerns in Jerada include air and water pollution, soil contamination, and the proliferation of hazardous mining residues.
Air Pollution
Coal mining operations are notorious for releasing particulate matter and hazardous gases into the air, contributing to air pollution and respiratory problems in nearby communities Although coal extraction in Jerada has ceased, the remnants of past mining operations continue to pollute the environment. Dust from the abandoned mining sites is a constant threat to air quality, as mining residue becomes airborne with every gust of wind. This dust contains heavy metals and toxic substances that can cause long-term health problems for the residents, particularly those who are exposed daily
Soil Contamination
The soil in Jerada has been severely contaminated by the remnants of coal mining. Mining residues, which include a mixture of coal dust, heavy metals, and chemicals used in mining processes, have leached into the soil over time These toxic substances pose a significant risk to public health, as they contaminate local water supplies and agricultural land For a city with a largely rural and agricultural periphery, this contamination is not only an environmental problem but also a socio-economic one, as it affects the livelihoods of local farmers and compromises food security
Water Pollution
Mining activities in Jerada also contribute to water pollution Acid mine drainage, which occurs when rainwater interacts with sulfuric minerals in the mining waste, causes the water in local rivers and streams to become acidic and polluted with heavy metals This affects both the quality of water available for domestic use and the health of the ecosystem. Given that water is an essential resource for both agriculture and daily life, the contamination of Jerada's water sources presents a dire challenge to the community’s well-being
The Informal Housing Crisis
In addition to the environmental problems, Jerada faces an acute housing crisis. With the closure of the mines and the loss of economic opportunities, many residents of Jerada have migrated from rural areas in search of work and better living conditions, only to find themselves in informal settlements. These settlements are often built on land that is not zoned for housing, and the construction methods are rudimentary, using whatever materials are available
The result is that these settlements lack basic infrastructure, including proper sewage systems, waste management, and access to clean water. Many of the houses are poorly constructed, leading to overcrowding and unsanitary living conditions. This situation has led to a significant deterioration in the quality of life for many Jerada residents, who are left to cope with inadequate shelter and the environmental hazards associated with living in such conditions
Eco bricks: A Sustainable Solution
The idea of turning mining waste into Eco bricks provides a dual solution to two pressing challenges: the environmental damage caused by mining activities and the critical shortage of affordable housing. Eco bricks represent an innovative and sustainable approach to construction These eco-friendly bricks can be used to build homes, schools, and other critical infrastructure, thus transforming waste into a resource
Mine waste, typically seen as a burden and an environmental hazard, can be repurposed for constructive use By mixing mine tailings with locally available clay, it becomes possible to produce durable construction bricks using simple, affordable methods This approach not only addresses the toxic legacy of mining but also promotes a more sustainable, circular economy
To ensure the ecological safety of the ecobricks, the process of mixing mining waste with local clay is carefully designed to neutralize the potential toxicity of the materials. The mining residues are sorted and treated before being incorporated into the bricks, ensuring that any harmful substances, such as heavy metals and chemicals, are either contained or rendered inert through the binding properties of the clay
This careful sorting and mixing process not only prevents the release of toxic pollutants but also results in a durable, safe, and environmentally friendly construction material. As a result, Eco bricks made from mining waste pose no health risks to residents, making them a sustainable and non-toxic alternative to conventional building materials
The situation of mining waste in the city of Jerada & the process of its reuse
The use of Eco bricks in Jerada has the potential to transform the city in several ways:
Environmental Remediation
The transformation of mining waste into ecobricks provides a way to mitigate the environmental damage caused by years of coal extraction. By repurposing mining residues, the project offers a sustainable method for managing mining waste, turning a source of pollution into a valuable building material. In doing so, it reduces the amount of waste that would otherwise remain on the landscape, contributing to the restoration of the environment
Affordable Housing
With 90% of Jerada’s housing being informal, the need for affordable, sustainable building materials is urgent Ecobricks offer a cost-effective solution to this problem, as they are made from waste materials that are locally available By using ecobricks to construct homes, Jerada can reduce the cost of housing, making it more accessible to low-income residents Moreover, ecobricks provide a durable and safe alternative to traditional building materials, which may be scarce or expensive
The complete process of its reusing the mining waste
Local Employment and Economic Opportunities
The project of creating Eco bricks also has the potential to stimulate the local economy By involving local communities in the collection, processing, and construction with Eco bricks, the project can create new jobs and build skills among the population. This would help boost Jerada's economic recovery by providing a sustainable source of employment that is tied to environmental restoration and urban development
Cultural Revival:
By incorporating Eco bricks into the construction of public spaces and homes, the community can rebuild not only its physical infrastructure but also its sense of identity. Architecture plays a significant role in shaping the cultural fabric of a place, and Eco bricks can serve as a symbol of resilience and innovation As the community builds with these eco-friendly materials, it reinforces its commitment to sustainability and environmental stewardship, inspiring future generations to continue the work of transformation.
Circular Economy and Waste Reduction:
The use of Eco bricks contributes to a circular economy, where waste is seen not as something to be discarded but as a valuable resource to be reused and repurposed This initiative can become a model for other mining-affected areas, demonstrating how waste materials can be reimagined as building blocks for a sustainable future.
The project creates a model of circular economy by both producing sustainable building materials and cleaning agricultural lands of mining waste so they can be reused
Project Implementation: A Step-by-Step Approach
To successfully implement the Eco brick project in Jerada, a systematic approach is necessary. The following steps outline how the project could be rolled out:
1. Awareness Campaign
The first step would be to raise awareness about the benefits of Eco bricks and the role they can play in combating pollution and providing affordable housing This would involve educational campaigns aimed at local communities, schools, and government officials.
2.
Waste Collection and Sorting
The next step would be to set up systems for collecting mining waste Local residents could be engaged in this process, ensuring that waste is properly sorted and prepared for use in Eco bricks
3. Ecobrick Production
Once the waste has been collected and sorted, the Eco bricks can be produced. This would involve packing the waste into wooden moulds, compacting it, and preparing the bricks for use in construction. A local production facility could be set up to oversee this process, providing jobs and ensuring quality control
4. Construction of Sustainable Housing
The final step would be to begin using the Eco bricks in the construction of affordable homes for Jerada’s residents. In addition to housing, Eco bricks could also be used to build schools, community centers, and other infrastructure projects, further improving the quality of life in the city
On site, tested making a prototype of the mining waste bricks
Some proposed prototypes of community buildings that could be constructed using Eco-Bricks
Conclusion
Jerada stands at a crossroads between its industrial past and an uncertain future The city’s decline from a coal-mining powerhouse to a community grappling with environmental damage and economic hardship is a painful but common story in post-industrial regions around the world. However, by adopting innovative solutions such as Eco bricks, Jerada has the opportunity to turn its waste into a resource, combat pollution, and address the housing needs
The project represents a powerful example of how creativity and sustainability can work hand-in-hand to address some of the most pressing issues facing communities impacted by mining By transforming mine waste into valuable building materials, the project offers a practical solution to both the environmental crisis and the housing shortage in Jerada. This initiative not only creates physical infrastructure but also builds community resilience, restores local pride, and fosters a new identity rooted in sustainability The journey from waste to wonder has the potential to change not just the landscape of Jerada, but also the lives of its people, creating a brighter, more sustainable future for all
*Stewart Udall
“Plans to protect air and water, wilderness and wildlife are in fact plans to protect man.”
STEWART UDALL
Saudi Arabia Climate Change and Public Health: Impacts and Mitigation
Introduction
Greenhouse gases have always occurred naturally in the atmosphere these gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide (Huili and Nguyen, 2023). Greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases trapped the energy in the atmosphere and reflected back to the Earth surface, heating the planet even more Having a small greenhouse effect is good and keeps Earth planet warm and habitable The large naturally occurring carbon dioxide sinks such as forests and oceans have absorbed a large amount of greenhouse gases and maintained a relatively stable planet in terms of greenhouse effect (Soeder, 2021). However, human activities including burning fossil fuels (Figure 1), intensive farming and agriculture and deforestation, are now adding rapidly more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere causing global warming which is one aspect of climate change, the greatest threat to public health (World Bank, 2022 and Omri, 2022)
Authors: Dr Alissar Al Khatib & Bshayer Alsaleh Almoosa College of Health Sciences
Figure 1: Global anthropogenic GHG emissions 1990-2019 Source: World Bank, 2022
Climate Change and Health Challenges in Saudi Arabia
Location and Climate
Saudi Arabia is located in southwest Asia and occupies around 45% of Arabian peninsula. Moreover, 38% of its total area (2 25 million km2) are deserts Due to topographical features of Saudi Arabia, the climate varies according to each region with a very hot summer (Figure 2) Saudi Arabia has a sensitive ecosystem with around 76% of its total area are non-arable including vast desert lands with absence of rivers and lakes The scattered pasture lands consist only of low productivity shrubs and herbs that have manage to survive with low average of rainfall with extreme conditions (UNFCCC, 2018). Accordingly, sensitive desert ecosystem, agricultural productivity and low water resources make Saudi Arabia vulnerable to climatic change (Tarawneh and Chowdhury, 2018)
Therefore, climate change has shown eventual impacts on population health in Saudi Arabia ranging from loss of some healthy lifestyle habits, decrease in the production of vegetables and fresh fruits, micronutrients deficiency such as vitamin D due to inefficient exposure to sunlight. Moreover, climate change has given a risk of the emergence of infectious diseases respiratory diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome, noting that millions of pilgrims visit Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah each year from more than 180 countries, which act as crucial factor for increasing the risk of spreading infectious diseases among the population (Elachola,and Memish, 2016)
Figure 2: Observed Annual Mean-Temperature 1991-2020 Saudi Arabia Source: World Bank, 2022
Future adverse impacts of climate change on health in Saudi Arabia
The projected future temperature in Saudi Arabia showed an increase exceeding the threshold and will record average temperate unsuitable for human (World Bank, 2022) Saudi Arabia has warmed at a 50% higher rate than the rest of the landmass in the Northern Hemisphere The expected more increase in temperature in the future will significantly affect health resulting in heat-related mortality extreme weather events and thermal stress linked to climate change (CMCC, 2021). The number of heat-related deaths in the Kingdome has increased by 89% between 200-2004 when compared to the period between 19902018, most deaths accounted for labors, thus total labor is expected to decline by 12 3% and 22 1% under a low and medium CO2 emissions scenario respectively Premature mortality due to pollution is another aspect of health threats since in Saudi Arabia in 2017 around 315,200 disability-adjusted life years (DALY’s) were attributable to fine particle matter pollution (PM 2.5). On the other hand, Kompas et al., 2018 declared that Saudi Arabia is among the most adversely affected countries by climate change. Therefore, the estimated loss of crops will increase by more than 5% in 2099 as projection of mean global warming of 2 90C by 2,100 (Figure 3)
Figure 3: Temperature projection in Saudi Arabia as indicator of climate change
Source: CMCC, 2022 Available from https://www g20climaterisks org/saudi-arabia/
Moreover, PRECIS climate model and DSAT models for prediction of crop production showed that the Kingdome is expected to experience a significant decline in agriculture productivity by 20250 Demand on Oil is another story, Lafakis et al , 2019 declared that oil demand declines quite dramatically as temperatures rise Therefore, the decrease on oil demand will lower its price nearly 14% by 2048 This would create a great deal of economic stress in Saudi Arabia where the economy will decrease around 10% by 2048.
Mitigation and actions
Al-Ahsa was selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a World Heritage Site in 2018 since it is the oldest region in the world evolving the biggest oasis worldwide (UN, 2019). Al-Ahsa Oasis, shares borders with United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Oman covering an area of 2,500 Km2 in the Southern part of the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. It has a hot and dry summer and a moderate to warm winter with occasional showers and high frequency of dust/ sand storms among all regions in the kingdom (Islam et al , 2019) According to the housing census of 2016, the population of Al-Ahsa has a current population estimate of 768,000 According to the New Urban Agenda (NUA), Al-Ahsa needs to achieve environmental sustainability by mitigating and adapting to climate change since it recorded the highest temperature in the Kingdom accompanied with frequent sand storms (UN, 2019). Mitigation of local effect of climate change could be achieved through 3 different actions:
Action 1: Agriculture & Food Security
Al-Ahsa is strongly rooted in its agricultural heritage, but trying to balance its heritage with climate change is a big challenge to ensure food security (Almutawa, 2022). Therefore, the implementation of sustainable agriculture techniques that aim to reduce water consumption and food waste is essential. Vertical agriculture is a strategy that allow to grow crop with less water, less herbicides and pesticides use Hydroponic method is one type of vertical agriculture that uses water to grow plants instead of soil, indoors and in any climate (Ji et al , 2023) Importantly, UAE the neighboring country to Al-Ahsa, as it has desert environment of the Arabian Gulf region, should prioritize sustainable agricultural and consumption practices, thus it adopted in 2018 a new climate-smart farming techniques as one action of UAE’s National Food Security Strategy 2051. These strategies promote water conservation, reduction of food waste and increasing productivity Therefore, recently UAE built the world’s largest vertical farming that use less water than outdoors regular agricultural lands by 99% Consequently, food waste has decreased significantly by adopting such climate-smart agricultural methods, and by 2030 UAE is aiming to cut food waste effectively (UNFCCC, 2020)
Action 2: Use of renewable energy
There is many evidence on the realities of climate change ranging from increase in sea level due to glaciers melting to heat waves as well as hazardous snow and sand storms Therefore, it is about time that nations adopt renewable energies sources to control their emission of greenhouse gases as mitigation strategies of climate change challenges (Okonkno et al , 2021) Accordingly, the renewable sources of energy include sun, wind and water. However, this action of transmission to renewable energy has some limitations since not all countries receive the same amount of solar energy, the economic cost as well as other environmental factors (Connolly et al , 11) However, Al-Ahsa is receiving high solar radiation over the year, unfortunately not switching to such green energy resides to two main root causes Firstly, the low price and availability of fuel in Saudi Arabia make the production of energy by fossil burning more affordable and easier to be accessed Secondly, solar energy system generates energy with low efficiency and not reliable for constant and continuous productivity. Nevertheless, the grid integration to electrical supply affects significantly the amount of greenhouse gases emission. These findings are in accordance with Qatar State vision, which is a Gulf Cooperation Council with abundant oil resources rendering it an energy secure country However, Qatar has adopted the integration of renewable energy in electricity production, researches declared that this integration decreased emission of CO2 beside an increase in hydrocarbons for export (Bohra and Shah, 2020)
Action 3: Awareness Campaigns on climate change and health
Reducing Greenhouse gases emission through societal support and behavioral changes could be enhanced by increasing population’s awareness toward climate change impact on health (WHO, 2023) Recruiting healthcare professionals and health promotion specialist may facilitate the implementation of actions planed by the awareness campaigns for climate change adaptation and mitigation that decrease population vulnerability and promote health. The aim of such type of campaigns is to: i. share information with audience usually interested in health without taking into consideration the climate change that impact it; ii address the human made activity contributing to climate changes; iii emphasis the importance of green space as natural sink of CO2; move from interest to action phase by providing audience with material, tools and manuals to understand the health impact of climate change Accordingly, Increasing the public awareness toward the adverse impact of climate change on health was adopted by the Ontario Public Health Association by developing a communication strategy in terms of increasing partnership between environmental sectors, community and health professionals. In 2018, The Atmospheric Fund funded this initiative which emphasis evidence-informed health-climate project (Sanderson et al , 202)
Conclusion
Importantly, Climate change presents a fundamental threat to human health. It affects the physical environment as well as all aspects of both natural and human systems. It is therefore a ‘threat multiplier’, that should be addressed through SDGs and healthy cities initiatives
“Be like the honey bee. Anything it eats is clean, anything it drops is sweet, and the branch it sits upon does not break.” –
Imam Ali (AS)
Integrating AI with Advanced nano-materials to accelerate breakthroughs in climate change for a more sustainable world
Introduction
As Saudi Vision 2030 strives to build a sustainable future, advanced nanomaterials and artificial intelligence (AI) are becoming increasingly important With nanotechnology, the Kingdom seeks to address climate challenges and create a more sustainable environment. To accomplish these ambitions, however, a number of complex challenges must be overcome, particularly in developing effective materials for water treatment, CO2 capture, hydrogen storage, and other renewable energy applications AI in combination with nanotechnology provides a transformative solution to these problems Through this innovative approach, breakthroughs in material discovery can be accelerated from laboratory prototypes to large-scale production. Thus, the chemical industry contributes to Saudi Arabia's overall sustainable development goals by strengthening its capacity for innovation
Author: Dr. Deler Langenberg
Senior Lab Expert & Researcher IT: U (Interdisciplinary Transformation University), Austria
Author: Dr. Amira Alghamdi
Science Researcher in Nanotechnology
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
The Promise of Advanced Nano Materials for Global Challenges
Technology advancements have placed advanced nanomaterials at the forefront of scientific innovation in the face of pressing global challenges. Climate change, sustainability, and energy demand can all be addressed using these materials. A number of physical phenomena, including surface effects, electron confinement, altered solid-state band structures, and others, make these materials behave differently from bulk materials Thus, scientists can engineer systems with unprecedented precision and efficiency that deviate from conventional materials Materials such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), carbon nanotubes, and graphene have revolutionized environmental sciences Materials with such extraordinary properties offer possibilities for high-performance, sustainable products. Nanomaterials are now widely used in scientific exploration not just as innovations, but as cornerstones to build innovations and sustainable solutions for the future
Harnessing Technology in Nano Material Discovery
To synthesize the advanced nanomaterials structures, the researchers still rely on their experience, employing a trial-and-error method It is a very time-consuming, labour-intensive, and resource-intensive process Therefore, it is necessary to find an efficient way of determining the optimal conditions for advanced nanomaterials synthesis Today, Artificial Intelligence (AI) dramatically reduces this timeline to just weeks by utilizing machine learning methods to predict the synthesis parameters for a desired nanomaterial crystal structure based on scientific literature, which is a challenging but promising methodology that will accelerate and advance the chemical thesis. During the past few years, machine learning has evolved rapidly, answering complex problems involving highly nonlinear or massively combinatorial processes that are not addressed by conventional approaches As a result, intelligent algorithms are driving discoveries that were once limited by time-consuming laboratory work (Figure 1)
Artificial intelligence is fundamentally changing the way researchers are addressing climate challenges. Scientists can now explore vast material spaces previously inaccessible due to AI, which significantly reduces the time required for discovery and optimization In response to climate change, advanced nanomaterials can be discovered and refined in weeks, thus enabling faster deployment of mitigation solutions In the future, as AI advances, its role in material science will expand, driving innovative solutions to address the urgent demand for sustainable technology.
Integrating AI Tools to Advance Research and Transform the Chemical Industry
Researchers are using AI tools to revolutionize how they approach advanced material science, transforming the research process with unprecedented speed and efficiency Consequently, AI is capable of analysing vast datasets, which are used to refine machine learning algorithms. These datasets provide chemically intelligent algorithms with a better understanding of complex chemical contexts, allowing for faster discovery and optimization of new materials and significantly saving time and effort
Figure 1 Different approach to synthesis nanocrystal material
AI can use advanced predictive models and algorithms to identify optimal catalyst compositions, synthesis routes, and reaction conditions, reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. This comprehensive approach accelerates innovation while also bridging the gap between laboratory research and industrial application The AI-enabled workflow for nanomaterials can be visualized as follows:
Figure 2. The flowchart illustrates the AI workflow for development. Each step is connected sequentially, showcasing the integration of AI tools in nanomaterial research.
Chemical companies can utilize AI to scale production and testing by optimizing designs for large-scale production For instance, AI can optimize the synthesis parameters of catalyst nanomaterials designed for CO₂ capture, creating highly efficient materials with tailored surface properties In renewable energy applications, AI can also predict the performance of nano-enabled components, such as electrodes for hydrogen storage or photovoltaic devices, accelerating the deployment of energy solutions This integration allows materials to be transitioned from prototypes to market-ready solutions much faster. Researchers and industry can collaborate seamlessly to develop groundbreaking materials using artificial intelligence to address climate change issues Countries like Saudi Arabia, with their strong chemical industries, are uniquely positioned to harness the potential of AI in material discovery and manufacturing AI-driven innovation cycles will enable them to lead global transitions toward sustainable technologies, thereby creating economic growth and environmental protection
Notable Examples of AI in Nanomaterial Optimization
Several examples of AI and machine learning optimization of nanomaterials for catalysis can be found in the literature and databases Real-world examples illustrate the transformative potential of combining AI and nanotechnology:
1-The Open Catalyst Project:
Database: Open Catalyst 2020 Dataset (OC20)
In this project, AI is used to predict catalytic performance and accelerate the discovery of materials for renewable energy applications
2-Materials Project:
Database: Materials Project
A database that integrates artificial intelligence to predict material properties and screen potential candidates for applications ranging from energy storage to carbon capture.
3-Literature Examples:
A. AI-Driven Discovery of Perovskite Catalysts
Ref [1] Li, Z , et al , Prediction of perovskite oxygen vacancies for oxygen electrocatalysis at different temperatures Nature Communications, 2024 15(1): p 9318
B. CO₂ Reduction
[2] Chen, Z.W., et al., Machine-learning-driven high-entropy alloy catalyst discovery to circumvent the scaling relation for CO2 reduction reaction ACS Catalysis, 2022 12(24): p 14864-14871
C. Water splitting
[3] Samanta, B , et al , Challenges of modeling nanostructured materials for photocatalytic water splitting Chemical Society Reviews, 2022 51(9): p 3794-3818
These examples underscore the pivotal role of AI in bridging the gap between experimental research and industrial application, ultimately driving innovation and sustainable solutions in the field of nanotechnology
Conclusion
Bringing artificial intelligence and nanomaterials together represents a significant step in tackling global challenges like climate change. A wide range of significant applications can be supported by scalable solutions enabled by applied artificial intelligence. Industry can deploy innovative technologies at an unprecedented pace by bridging the gap between research and industrial application through AI With this synergy, Saudi Arabia can meet its sustainability goals per its Vision 2030 In short, combining AI and nanotechnology provides tools for building a greener, more resilient future, fostering global progress and environmental stewardship
Localizing Sustainability: Role of Rural Communities in Saudi Arabia’s Sustainable Journey
Introduction
Author: Dr Jameer Ahammad Shaik
Lead - Environmental Assessments, National Aquaculture Group
Saudi Arabia’s prestigious plan Vision 2030 has been set the stage for kingdom’s transformative journey towards sustainability, economic diversification and environmental balance and social reforms Urban centers like Riyadh, Jeddah and other notable places often take the dominance in the plan, on the other hand the role of rural communities in driving the vision to reality is equally vital. Hence these communities are representation of the deeply rooted Kingdom’s culture and natural heritage, these regions plays a crucial role in biodiversity preservation, natural resources management, and maintaining native traditions, it is essential to making their participation in the sustainable journey
Urbanization and its Impacts on Rural Communities
Based on the 2022 stats the kingdom population is 32 2 million approximately Out of this a large population 83% are residing in the urban areas, which composed to 27 7 million people, remaining 17% are remained in rural areas, totaling to 5 5 million (Stastica, Jun 25, 2024) The percent of urbanization are constantly increased over recent years (1.54%) during 2021 to 2022 whereas the rural population are shown a declining trend (0.17%) during the same time period (Macro Trends, 2024). This is a clear indication of kingdom’s successive efforts on urbanization, focused on economic activities lead towards growth and development It also emphasis on the importance of ensuring that the rural communities should not be left behind
Rural Communities: Stewards of Natural Resources
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a home to abundance of natural resources includes mountains, deserts, and oases. The rural region has supported the kingdoms’ growth from the long time by traditional livelihood practice in livestock, fishing and agriculture farming which mainly depends on the these natural resources By partnering these communities in the sustainable journey kingdom will ensure these natural resource are protected for the future generations to come One should mention Kingdom’s remarkable steps is that “Saudi Green Initiative”, aims to combat desertification by plant billions of trees in the degraded land scape Local Communities play vital role in such a projects by ensuring local knowledge help and manpower support align with regional ecological conditions.
Sustainable Agriculture: A path to Resilience
Agriculture has been a integral part of the Kingdom from the beginning However in the view of challenges faced by the traditional farming practices such as scarcity of water, degradation of land and soil erosion. One should appreciate kingdom’s efforts for promoting sustainable agriculture practices that helps to enhance productivity without disturbing natural resources
Al- Baha Agriculture project is one of the initiative which reflects the potential of rural communities to adopt sustainable farming practices like drip irrigation, promoting organic farming, practicing crop rotation Hence these methods results not only better agriculture yields and also supports in reduce environmental impacts. Addition to that, Kingdom must ensure the continued supports the rural farming communities through subsidies and made available access to modern technologies ensures that they can be compete with the modern and sustainable economy
Traditional Knowledge Meets Modern Sustainability
Water Scarcity is been a biggest challenge in the kingdom’s history, though in these testing times the rural communities has practiced ancient water conservation techniques to maintain oases which were used in sustainable grazing practices of Bedouin herders offers valuable insights into living harmoniously with nature, these reflects the wealth of traditional Knowledge possessed by rural communities
The Kingdom prosper by valuing and acknowledging its ancient wisdom and considering it as a driving force coupled with the modern technologies, these steps faster the sustainable development and encourage the rural communities for active participation and gives a sense of ownership amongst them For instance, the ancient water harnessing method combined with modern irrigation system resulting optimized water usage in the arid regions to practice sustainable agriculture
Education and capacity building: Empowering Rural Communities
Educating and capacity building for the rural communities will plays an essential role to empower them for contribute to the Kingdoms Sustainable goals. Area centric training programs on various aspects such as sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, environmental biodiversity conservation, costal resilience programs will helps with necessary skills and knowledge to participate and benefit from the initiatives and works towards improved livelihoods, strengthen the resilience of rural communities in the times of climatic and economic challenges
Here I would like mentioned the an article from 3rd Saudi Sustainability Magazine authored by “Ms. Nermeen Meoti Elkateeb and Mr. Kareem Mohsen Hassan” where they has tried to address the role of the Jeddah universities, that they might assist climate change prevention by providing require knowledge by coordinating across multiple disciplines of the society, extended to this beautiful thought I would say this model should be adopt from the primary school education also, to give a step by step awareness the younger generations about environment and the idea of sustainability
Conclusion: A collaborative Path Forward
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Sustainable journey is a collective effort that needs an active participation of all the fabrics of the society As the Rural regions stand as strong hold of the kingdom’s natural and cultural heritage, are indispensable partners in this journey. By integrating traditional knowledge and skills into the nation’s initiatives can create a model for localized and inclusive sustainability. As moving forward with vision 2030 goals, the role of these communities will stays centric to achieve a balanced sustainable future, by addressing these issues the Kingdom s not only honors its heritage and also resilient foundation for the future generation to come
Author Bio:
Dr. Jameer Ahammad Shaik, PhD
Lead- Environmental Assessment, National Aquaculture Group, Al-Lith, KSA
Environmental professional with a Ph D in Environmental Sciences and over a decade of experience in environmental management, coastal biodiversity monitoring, and sustainable aquaculture practices Proven expertise in Climate change implementation, environmental risk assessments, and research-driven strategies for environmental resilience An enthusiastic and practice strong advocacy in Sustainable living Trying to make impactful contributions with the bit of knowledge towards Sustainable future
ḥadīth:
“If the Final Hour comes while you have a palmcutting in your hands and it is possible to plant it before the Hour comes, you should plant it.”
PROPHET MOHAMMED (SAW)
Ensuring a Secure Grain Future: strategies to Safeguard Against Disasters and supply chain disruptions
Author: Dr Lamia Lasloom Alyami Assitante Professor in Mathematics department at Najran University, Saudi Arabia
lmlasloom@nu.edu.sa
The world facing growing challenges related to climate change, geopolitical instability, and economic fluctuations, which will inevitably food security.Ensuring a resilient grain supply is critical for nutritional stability Grains, such as wheat, rice, corn, and barley, form the backbone of many diets around the world As a result, ensuring their availability in the face of natural and man-made disasters such as water waste, poor soil quality, energy depletion, and grain loss or contamination are key factors in addressing food security, which remains a priority for governments, farmers, and organizations worldwide. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), climate change is likely to reduce crop yields and increase land degradation, with significant impacts on agricultural productivity, since by 2050, nearly 33% of the world's agricultural land is projected to experience substantial drying, [1] Saudi Arabia has demonstrated significant expertise in achieving Vision 2030 goals by establishing major grain facilities and launching the Saudi Agricultural and Livestock Investment Company (SALIC) in 2009, aimed at enhancing food security through strategic investments and partnerships locally and globally. However, this sector requires more attention, and in this context, I will discuss some strategies to further strengthen its development methods to protect grain production from various risks and disasters
1. Diversification of Crop Production
One of the most effective ways to safeguard grain production is to diversify crops across different regions instead of depending in a single crop. By growing multiple types of grains and other crops in various geographic locations, the agricultural system can mitigate the risks associated with specific environmental disasters such as droughts, floods, or pest infestations. This reduces the impact of a localized disaster, as other areas may continue to produce grains unaffected by the same event [2] As we notice, the global food crisis Caused by the 2022 war in Ukraine which is called (breadbasket of Europe), disrupted grain exports, particularly affecting developing countries and leading to increased food insecurity. To address such challenges, promoting biodiversity in agriculture is essential, as it strengthens resilience, supports ecosystem health, and ensures more sustainable and varied food sources. This lead me to a local suggestion of agricultural localization diversity (which may not direct to grains) is the successful cultivation of olives in Al-Jouf city in Saudi Arabia , which can be extended to other southern border areas by replicating its favorable microclimates, soil conditions, and sustainable water management practices By adopting these methods, this initiative can contribute to agricultural diversification, local economic growth, and sustainability in similar environments and that Enhances food security by providing alternative.
2. Improved Agricultural Practices
Enhancing soil fertility and adopting sustainable farming practices can help maintain consistent grain yields. Techniques such as crop rotation, agroforestry, and no-till farming can improve soil health, making it more resilient to both drought and flood conditions. Using organic fertilizers and minimizing pesticide use also helps preserve ecosystems and biodiversity Saudi Arabia's world record-breaking farm in Wadi Bin Hashbal, Asir, is a prime example of these practices Spanning over 3 million square meters and recognized by Guinness World Records as the largest farm globally, it incorporates sustainable research practices, diverse crops, and advanced irrigation techniques, making it a model of agricultural innovation and resilience in the face of climate challenges.
3. Investment in Early Warning Systems
Research and innovation in agricultural biotechnology have made significant strides in developing drought-tolerant, flood-resistant, and pest-resistant grain varieties. Early identification of potential risks and disasters plays a crucial role in this process, enabling the development of crops better suited to withstand extreme weather events and other challenges caused by climate change These genetically engineered or selectively bred crops are better suited to withstand extreme weather events and other stressors caused by climate change Investing in advanced meteorological technologies and early warning systems is crucial for predicting and responding to potential disasters. These systems can alert farmers to impending natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, or extreme heatwaves, giving them time to take preventive actions For example, satellite data and climate forecasting technologies can predict crop failures due to weather patterns, helping farmers implement strategi]es such as irrigation adjustments or shifting planting times These innovations can be a game changer in ensuring that grain production remains viable in the face of unpredictable climatic conditions The innovations in climate-resilient crop varieties, such as drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant grains, can significantly help in maintaining grain production despite unpredictable climatic conditions. Italy, for instance, has developed a smart agricultural framework using advanced irrigation systems, automated harvesting technologies, and self-driving tractors (sensitive self-driving tractors) that help optimize crop production and ensure sustainability in the face of climate challenges, [3]
4. Supply Chain Resilience and Storage Systems
A disaster or risk to grain crops is not limited to the fields alone it can also affect the transportation and storage infrastructure that supports food distribution For example, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global food supply chains, impacting both the production and distribution of grains Such disruptions highlight the need for resilient grain supply chains capable of withstanding natural disasters or political instability. One key strategy to ensure resilience is the establishment of decentralized storage systems, such as local silos, which can safeguard grains and facilitate their distribution even if major transport routes are interrupted by disasters. Additionally, diversifying supply chains by building alternative transportation networks can help mitigate risks from geopolitical events or environmental disasters These strategies offer significant benefits, including reduced post-harvest losses caused by inadequate storage or transportation challenges, as well as the ability to store surplus grain during bumper harvests to address future supply shortages. Then, ensuring that the infrastructure supporting grain production, including irrigation systems, roads, and storage facilities, is resilient to climate change and natural disasters is essential. Flood-resistant roads, earthquake-proof silos, and drought.
5. International Cooperation and Trade Agreements
Global trade and cooperation are crucial for securing grain supplies, as they allow regions facing crop failures to access grain from unaffected areas For example, during the 2022 grain shortage caused by the war in Ukraine, countries like India and Argentina increased their exports to support global food security. International organizations, governments, and NGOs play a key role in facilitating these trade relationships and providing aid during crises. Strategies such as establishing regional grain reserves and strengthening trade agreements focused on food security help ensure a swift response to shortages A recent example of international cooperation is COP16, held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in December 2024, where nearly 200 countries addressed challenges related to land degradation and drought The conference highlighted the importance of collaborative efforts in managing resources for food security, with pledges of over $12 billion for land restoration and drought resilience. This demonstrates the global commitment to ensuring long-term food security through cooperation and sustainable practices
Conclusion
In conclusion, raising awareness about the importance of grain production and supporting farmers through innovation and financial assistance is crucial for ensuring their continued success By valuing their experience and providing the resources needed to adapt to challenges, we can help farmers thrive and sustain their livelihoods With the right support, farmers can contribute to a secure and resilient food system, fostering long-term agricultural sustainability Encouraging collaboration and investment in farming innovation will help ensure a brighter future for both farmers and global food security.
FRANKLIND.ROOSEVELT
Community Engagement and Behavioral Change for Sustainable Living in Saudi Cities
Author: Dr Rubhesh Jha (
Introduction
Saudi Arabia is undergoing a significant transformation towards sustainability, as outlined in its ambitious Vision 2030 agenda (Saudi Vision 2030, 2016). The Kingdom’s commitment to diversifying its economy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and promoting sustainable practices is driving urban development As hubs of population, consumption, and economic activity, Saudi cities play a pivotal role in this transition (Al-Saidi & Elagib, 2018) By fostering sustainable urban living, the Kingdom can address critical challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation (UN-Habitat, 2020).
Sustainable cities prioritize environmental, social, and economic well-being They integrate green infrastructure, renewable energy systems, efficient public transportation, and waste management practices (UNEP, 2019) However, achieving these goals requires more than technical solutions Active community participation and behavioral change are indispensable components of this transformation. These human-centric approaches ensure long-term impact and align with the diverse needs of urban populations.
Hon )
The Power of Community Engagement
The Importance of Involving Communities in Sustainability Efforts
Community engagement shifts residents from passive beneficiaries to active contributors in sustainability initiatives (Burton, 2009). This participatory approach fosters a sense of ownership, enhances social cohesion, and leads to more effective decision-making Involving communities in planning and implementation ensures that solutions are inclusive, context-specific, and widely supported (UNDP, 2021)
Benefits of Community Engagement
Increased Ownership and Participation: When communities co-create solutions, they are more likely to support and sustain initiatives Participation instills a sense of empowerment and shared responsibility (Burton, 2009)
Enhanced Social Cohesion and Trust: Collaborative efforts build trust among community members and local authorities. Shared goals, such as creating greener neighborhoods, strengthen social bonds and promote collective action (Putnam, 2000)
Improved Decision-Making and Problem-Solving: Local communities possess unique insights that policymakers may overlook By incorporating community perspectives, decision-makers can develop more effective and equitable sustainability initiatives (UNDP, 2021)
Strategies for Effective Community Engagement
Community-Based Participatory Planning: Involve community members in decision-making through workshops, town hall meetings, and participatory design sessions (UN-Habitat, 2020) This approach allows communities to voice their priorities and preferences.
Public Awareness Campaigns and Education Programs: Raising awareness about sustainability issues is crucial. Campaigns on energy efficiency, waste management, and sustainable transportation can foster lasting behavioral change (UNEP, 2019)
Citizen Science Initiatives: Engaging community members as "citizen scientists" empowers them to collect and analyze environmental data This participatory research can inform policies on air quality, waste disposal, and water conservation (Bonney et al., 2014).
Social Media and Digital Platforms: Online platforms facilitate real-time engagement, information sharing, and community mobilization (UNDP, 2021). Social media campaigns can amplify awareness and inspire collective action For instance, platforms like Twitter and Instagram have been used effectively to promote recycling drives and energy-saving practices globally
Promoting Behavioral Change for Sustainable Living
The Role of Behavior Change in Achieving Sustainability Goals
While technology and policy reforms are essential, lasting change requires shifts in human behavior. Small, everyday actions by individuals and households such as reducing waste or using public transportation can collectively yield substantial environmental benefits (Thøgersen & Schrader, 2012) Behavioral change supports the broader goals of sustainability by encouraging resource conservation, pollution reduction, and sustainable consumption (UNEP, 2019) These changes also create ripple effects, inspiring others to adopt environmentally conscious practices
Key Behavioral Changes to Promote
Reduced Energy Consumption: Encourage households to adopt energy-efficient appliances, switch to renewable energy sources, and practice energy-saving habits like turning off unused devices (IEA, 2022)
Water Conservation: Saudi Arabia faces water scarcity, making conservation critical Simple actions, such as fixing leaks, using water-efficient fixtures, and adopting water-saving practices, can have a significant impact (UNICEF, 2020).
Waste Reduction and Recycling: Promote waste segregation, composting, and the circular economy model Recycling initiatives can reduce landfill waste and recover valuable materials (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015)
Sustainable Transportation Choices: Encourage the use of public transport, cycling, carpooling, and electric vehicles to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and carbon emissions (IEA, 2022).
Effective Strategies for Promoting Behavioral Change
Social Norms and Peer Influence: People are more likely to adopt sustainable behaviors when they see peers doing the same Community role models and social norm campaigns can inspire change (Cialdini, 2001). For example, campaigns highlighting neighborhoods that excel in recycling can motivate other communities to follow suit.
Incentives and Disincentives: Financial incentives, such as subsidies for energy-efficient appliances, and penalties, such as fines for littering, can motivate behavioral shifts (UNEP, 2019)
Education and Awareness Campaigns: Knowledge is a catalyst for action Public education campaigns, workshops, and media outreach can change attitudes and promote proenvironmental behaviors (Burton, 2009). Schools and universities play a pivotal role in embedding sustainability principles among young citizens
Gamification and Behavioral Nudges: Applying game-like elements (e g , points, rewards, and competition) to sustainability actions can increase motivation Behavioral nudges, such as reminders and prompts, can also drive change (Thaler & Sunstein, 2008)
Case Studies: Successful Initiatives in Saudi Cities
NEOM’s Sustainable City Initiative
NEOM, a planned smart city in northwest Saudi Arabia, exemplifies a future-ready, sustainable urban development (Saudi Vision 2030, 2016). NEOM’s design emphasizes renewable energy, green infrastructure, and smart technology to achieve net-zero carbon emissions Community engagement is integral, with residents encouraged to participate in environmental monitoring and codevelop solutions
Riyadh’s Waste Management and Recycling Program
Riyadh has launched extensive recycling initiatives to divert waste from landfills. Community-based programs promote waste segregation and recycling through awareness campaigns and incentives for households (Al-Saidi & Elagib, 2018) The program’s success hinges on active community participation, which has led to higher recycling rates and reduced environmental impact
Jeddah’s Water Conservation Campaigns
Jeddah’s water conservation initiatives target residents and businesses through education programs and public awareness campaigns The city’s "Water Champions" program recognizes community members who adopt water-saving practices, encouraging peer-to-peer learning (UNICEF, 2020) This initiative has proven effective in reducing water consumption and fostering a culture of sustainability.
Conclusion
Community engagement and behavioral change are essential pillars for achieving sustainable living in Saudi cities As Saudi Arabia pursues its Vision 2030 agenda, cities will continue to be at the forefront of sustainability efforts By empowering communities and encouraging pro-environmental behaviors, Saudi cities can reduce resource consumption, cut emissions, and improve residents’ quality of life. Future efforts should prioritize participatory planning, education, and the use of digital platforms for community mobilization. Policymakers, practitioners, and researchers must work together to create environments where sustainable behaviors are the norm With continued commitment, Saudi cities can become global exemplars of sustainability and resilience, paving the way for a greener future
References
Al-Saidi, M & Elagib, N A (2018) Water-energy-food nexus: A review of the literature and the future of the concept Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 97, 456-472
Bonney, R , Shirk, J L , Phillips, T B , Wiggins, A , Ballard, H L , Miller-Rushing, A J , & Parrish, J K (2014) Next steps for citizen science Science, 343(6178), 1436-1437
Burton, P (2009) Conceptual, theoretical, and practical issues in measuring the benefits of public participation Evaluation, 15(3), 263-284
Cialdini, R B (2001) Influence: Science and Practice Allyn & Bacon
Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2015) Towards a Circular Economy: Business Rationale for an Accelerated Transition Ellen MacArthur Foundation IEA (2022) World Energy Outlook 2022 International Energy Agency
Putnam, R D (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community Simon & Schuster
Saudi Vision 2030 (2016) Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 Government of Saudi Arabia
Thøgersen, J , & Schrader, U (2012) Sustainable consumption: A review of key issues and concepts Journal of Cleaner Production, 37, 246-257
Thaler, R H , & Sunstein, C R (2008) Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness Penguin Books
UN-Habitat (2020) State of the World’s Cities 2020: The Value of Cities UN-Habitat
UNICEF (2020) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Saudi Arabia UNICEF
UNEP (2019) Emissions Gap Report 2019 United Nations Environment Programme
UNDP (2021) Human Development Report 2021/2022: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives
Accelerating to Net-Zero in the GCC: The Circular Economy Advantage for Business Leaders by 2025.
Author: Dr. Najmudeen Sulthan
Introduction
Sustainability has moved from the margins to become a core business imperative As climate change intensifies and resources become scarcer, business leaders across the globe are stepping up to meet net-zero commitments Achieving these ambitious goals, however, requires more than incremental adjustments it demands transformative strategies. The circular economy offers a promising pathway, enabling businesses to not only reduce emissions but also secure a competitive edge in a rapidly evolving marketplace
Understanding the Circular Economy Advantage:
The circular economy challenges the conventional “linearity” of “take, make, dispose” by prioritizing resource efficiency, waste elimination, and product lifecycle optimization. Instead of discarding materials, this approach emphasizes designing products that can be reused, refurbished, or recycled, reducing reliance on virgin resources and significantly lowering carbon footprints For business leaders, the circular economy is more than a sustainability strategy it is a model for value creation
By embedding circular principles into operations, companies can unlock cost savings, build resilient supply chains, and enhance brand reputation. Notably, businesses adopting circular practices have reported up to 20% reductions in raw material costs and operational efficiencies of 15% This alignment with net-zero objectives offers a practical roadmap for achieving environmental targets while driving growth
Key
Linking the Circular Economy to Net-Zero Goals:
Achieving net-zero emissions necessitates addressing the root causes of carbon output, including resource extraction, manufacturing, and waste management. Circular economy practices directly target these areas:
Reducing Carbon from Resource Extraction: By prioritizing reuse and recycling, businesses can decrease the environmental impact of sourcing raw materials
Minimizing Emissions in Production: Circular designs promote energy-efficient manufacturing and the adoption of renewable energy sources
Eliminating Waste: Extending product lifecycles and repurposing waste reduce emissions linked to landfill disposal and incineration.
Circular Economy in Action in the GCC:
In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the circular economy is becoming a cornerstone for sustainability Despite a historical reliance on oil and gas, the region is transitioning toward diversified, sustainable economies Governments and businesses are taking meaningful steps:
Circular Economy in Action in the GCC:
In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the circular economy is becoming a cornerstone for sustainability. Despite a historical reliance on oil and gas, the region is transitioning toward diversified, sustainable economies. Governments and businesses are taking meaningful steps:
Saudi Arabia’s Circular Carbon Economy Framework: Through Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia leads with the Circular Carbon Economy framework, focusing on reducing, reusing, recycling, and removing carbon emissions Companies are adopting renewable energy and waste management strategies to reduce their carbon footprints and foster innovation.
UAE’s Net-Zero 2050 Strategy: The UAE’s ambitious investments in renewable energy and waste reduction exemplifies its commitment to sustainability Initiatives like Masdar City demonstrate how urban development can integrate circular economy principles, cutting waste and emissions while enhancing livability
Qatar’s Focus on Waste Management: Advanced waste-to-energy projects and recycling initiatives are minimizing landfill use and contributing to emissions reductions.
Oman’s Industrial Innovation: Oman is pioneering green hydrogen production and integrating circular solutions into manufacturing to reduce resource consumption and emissions
Why GCC Business Leaders Must Act Now:
The window to act on sustainability is narrowing Customers, investors, and regulators are demanding accountability for environmental impacts Businesses that fail to adapt risk losing market share, facing regulatory penalties, and tarnishing their reputations.
The circular economy provides an opportunity for GCC business leaders to lead by example, delivering measurable progress toward net-zero goals. By integrating circular principles, leaders can: Enhance Resource Efficiency: Reduce dependency on imports and lower production costs
Strengthen Regional Collaboration: Partner with governments and regional organizations to scale circular practices
Foster Innovation: Unlock potential in renewable energy, recycling technologies, and green manufacturing.
Expanded Applications and Collaborations:
Specific Case Studies and Real-World Applications:
2
Masdar City, UAE: This sustainable urban development integrates circular economy principles by recycling construction materials, optimizing energy efficiency, and creating a livable green space for businesses and residents
1. Saudi Aramco: Adopting carbon capture technologies and reusing industrial waste in new production cycles, contributing to reduced emissions and operational costs.
Challenges to Implementation:
While the benefits are clear, GCC leaders must navigate challenges such as:
High initial costs of transitioning to circular models
Limited recycling infrastructure in some areas
Regulatory gaps in promoting cross-border circular solutions.
Technology Integration:
Emerging technologies can accelerate circular economy adoption:
Artificial Intelligence (AI): Predictive analytics for maintenance and lifecycle optimization
Blockchain: Ensuring transparency and traceability in waste management and recycling
IoT: Enhancing resource efficiency through real-time data monitoring.
Broader Collaboration Across the GCC:
Collaboration can significantly amplify the impact:
Establishing regional recycling and waste-to-energy hubs
Joint research centers, like those at KAUST and MBZ AI College, to pioneer innovative solutions
Coordinated policy frameworks to incentivize private-sector participation.
Key Steps for Embedding Circular Economy Practices:
To harness the benefits of the circular economy, GCC business leaders should: Evaluate Current Models: Identify resource flows, waste streams, and carbon hotspots. 1.
2
Invest in Design and Innovation: Develop products that are durable, repairable, and recyclable, focusing on local solutions
Collaborate Across the Value Chain: Build circular ecosystems with suppliers, partners, and governments 3
4.
Leverage Policy Support: Align with national sustainability agendas like Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and the UAE’s Net-Zero 2050 strategy.
5
Measure and Communicate Impact: Use data to track progress and transparently share achievements with stakeholders
Conclusion:
As the race toward 2025 intensifies, the convergence of net-zero ambitions and circular economy practices offers a powerful framework for GCC business leaders By adopting circular models, companies can reduce emissions, enhance profitability, and future-proof their operations For instance, circular manufacturing could achieve emission reductions of up to 30% while boosting profitability
The time to act is now. Embracing the circular economy is not merely a strategy for achieving net-zero it is a blueprint for sustainable success. By leading transformative practices, GCC leaders can shape the global sustainability narrative and secure their legacy as pioneers of the green economy.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation "What is a Circular Economy?" [https://ellenmacarthurfoundation org/]
2 UAE Net Zero 2050 Strategy. "A Pathway to Sustainability " [https://u ae/] 3.
4
Qatar Ministry of Municipality and Environment "Waste-to-Energy Initiatives " [https://www mme gov qa/]
6
5 World Economic Forum "The Role of Business in Accelerating Circular Economy " [https://www weforum org/]
Oman Hydrogen Centre "Green Hydrogen and Industrial Innovation " [https://omanhydrogen om/]
“Eat and drink, but do not waste. Surely He does not like the wasteful.”
Holy Qur’an, Surah Al-A’raf 7:31
The Use of Insect-Based Nutrition Feed in Aquaculture: A Pathway to Sustainable Global Food Security
Author:
Franco. A. Cerda Dubó
Corporate Sustainability
As aquaculture emerges as a cornerstone of global food production, it faces increasing scrutiny over environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. The reliance on traditional feed sources, such as fishmeal and soybean meal, is plagued by ecological challenges, including overfishing, deforestation, and resource depletion Against this backdrop, insect-based nutrition feed offers a transformative alternative that aligns with circular economy principles and addresses key sustainability concerns.
Why Insects? The Circular Economy Advantage
Insects, mainly black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), mealworms, and crickets, have gained prominence as a sustainable feed solution. These species excel in bioconversion, efficiently transforming organic waste into high-quality protein and lipid-rich biomass This process reduces food waste and lessens the dependence on agricultural inputs such as arable land and freshwater resources, thereby mitigating the ecological footprint of aquaculture feed production (van Huis et al , 2013)
Using insect-based feed exemplifies the principles of a circular economy, where waste streams are repurposed into valuable inputs Such a model enhances sustainability and contributes to economic resilience by reducing dependence on volatile global supply chains for feed ingredients
Top Voice
f.cerda@tilad.com.sa, Tilad Group Saudi Arabia https://tilad com sa Innovative Leader in Aquaculture | Expert in Business Model Establishment and Sustainable Product Development | Director of Marine Operations & Production | Doctorate and MRES Student in General Industry Management
Nutritional Efficacy of Insect-Based Feed
The nutritional composition of insects makes them an attractive alternative to traditional feed ingredients They are a rich source of high-quality protein, lipids, and bioactive compounds. In addition to their macronutrient profile, insects offer a diverse range of essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that enhance the growth and health of aquaculture species
1. High Protein Content
The protein content of insect meal, especially from species like black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), mealworms, and crickets, typically ranges between 40% and 70% of dry weight, depending on the species and rearing substrate (van Huis et al., 2013). This is comparable to high-quality fishmeal, which contains approximately 60% to 72% protein
Essential Amino Acids: Insects provide a well-balanced profile of essential amino acids, including lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine, critical for the growth and physiological functions of fish and crustaceans For example, BSFL meal contains about 7% lysine and 2% methionine, levels close to or exceeding those found in fishmeal (Henry et al., 2015).
Digestibility: Insects' protein digestibility is high, often exceeding 85%, ensuring efficient nutrient absorption by aquatic species
2.
Lipid Profile
Insect lipids provide essential fatty acids, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are vital for immune response, reproductive health, and growth.
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids: Though specific ratios vary, BSFL and mealworm lipids contain 5% to 10% omega-3 fatty acids and 15% to 30% omega-6 fatty acids, supporting cardiovascular and immune health in aquatic organisms (Makkar et al , 2014)
Tailored Lipid Profiles: Insects' fatty acid profiles can be manipulated by adjusting their diets For instance, supplementing BSFL with algae or fish by-products enhances their omega-3 content, making them an even closer substitute for fishmeal in aquafeeds.
3. Bioactive Compounds
Insects are rich in bioactive compounds that contribute to overall health and disease resistance in aquaculture species:
Chitin: Found in insect exoskeletons, chitin serves as a prebiotic, improving gut microbiota balance and promoting better nutrient assimilation (Gasco et al., 2018).
Antimicrobial Peptides: These peptides naturally occurring in insects can inhibit the growth of pathogens, reducing the need for antibiotics in aquaculture systems
Vitamins and Minerals: Insects are an excellent source of micronutrients, including vitamin B12, riboflavin, iron, zinc, and phosphorus, all of which are essential for the development and metabolic functions of aquatic species.
Comparative Nutritional Composition of Insects and Fishmeal
Empirical Evidence Supporting Efficacy
Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of insect-based feed in aquaculture They show that it can replace traditional feed ingredients such as fishmeal without compromising growth, health, or feed efficiency.
Tilapia: In a study substituting 25% of fishmeal with BSFL meal, tilapia showed comparable growth rates, feed conversion ratios (FCR), and survival rates to those fed traditional fishmeal diets (Henry et al , 2015)
Atlantic Salmon: Research substituting 20% of fishmeal with BSFL meal in salmon diets reported no adverse effects on growth, while observing an improvement in gut health and immune response, attributed to the bioactive compounds present in insect meal (Makkar et al., 2014).
Shrimp: A diet containing 30% cricket meal enhanced survival rates and improved resistance to common pathogens in Pacific white shrimp (Gasco et al , 2018)
Rainbow Trout: Trials with BSFL meal replacing up to 50% of fishmeal in rainbow trout diets yielded equivalent growth performance and nutrient digestibility (van Huis et al , 2013)
Carp: Feeding trials with mealworm meal replacing 25% of fishmeal in common carp diets resulted in improved FCR and reduced feed waste, demonstrating higher feed efficiency (Henry et al., 2015).
Successful Case Studies in Insect-Based Feed Production
Several companies globally have successfully scaled the production of insect-based feed, serving as benchmarks for the viability and sustainability of this alternative feed solution
Protix (Netherlands)
Protix is one of the most established companies in insect-based feed production, specializing in BSFL Its state-of-the-art automated farming systems ensure efficient and scalable production Protix partners with major aquaculture producers globally, providing high-quality insect protein to substitute fishmeal and reduce reliance on agricultural land and water (Protix, 2023)
Innovafeed (France)
Innovafeed has emerged as a leader in the large-scale production of insect protein Its facility in Nesle, France, integrates cutting-edge bioconversion technologies and produces thousands of tons of BSFL meal annually By collaborating with leading food companies, Innovafeed ensures that insect-based feed meets industry standards for commercial aquaculture (Innovafeed, 2023)
Ynsect (France)
Ynsect specializes in mealworm protein and operates a vertically integrated production model With significant investment in R&D, Ynsect has secured high-profile partnerships with aquafeed producers, positioning itself as a major supplier of sustainable aquaculture (Ynsect, 2023).
AgriProtein (South Africa)
AgriProtein converts food waste into BSFL protein and oil, serving as a model for waste-to-feed conversion Its global expansion into Asia and Europe highlights the scalability of insect-based feed systems in addressing food waste and sustainable aquaculture challenges (AgriProtein, 2023).
Enterra Feed Corporation (Canada)
Enterra focuses on BSFL production, partnering with local agriculture and food sectors to secure organic waste streams Its feed products are widely used in aquaculture and poultry, showcasing the versatility of insect-based feed (Enterra, 2023)
Barriers to Widespread Adoption of Insect-Based Feed
Despite its potential, insect-based feed has not yet achieved widespread adoption in aquaculture Several barriers, spanning technical, regulatory, and socio-cultural dimensions, have hindered its massification
1. Regulatory Challenges
Fragmented Policies: Inconsistent regulations governing the use of insects in animal feed across countries have created uncertainty for producers For example, while the European Union permits the use of certain insects in aquaculture, regulatory frameworks in many developing nations remain underdeveloped (Gasco et al , 2018)
Approval Processes: Lengthy and complex approval processes for novel feed ingredients delay market entry, restricting innovation and scalability.
2. Consumer Perception
Cultural Resistance: Many consumers and aquaculture stakeholders harbor skepticism about the use of insects in the food supply chain, often associating them with low hygiene or inferior quality (van Huis et al., 2013).
Marketing Challenges: Limited public awareness of the nutritional and environmental benefits of insectbased feed hampers its acceptance.
3. Scalability and Economic Viability
Production Constraints: The industry faces challenges in scaling insect farming to meet global demand. Current insect farming operations often rely on labor-intensive processes that limit production volumes. Cost Competitiveness: While costs are decreasing, insect-based feed is still relatively expensive compared to established feed sources, such as soybean meal, particularly in regions with high agricultural subsidies for conventional crops (Makkar et al , 2014)
Strategies to Overcome Barriers
To address these barriers, a multi-pronged approach involving technological innovation, policy reform, and education is required.
1. Harmonizing Regulations
International Collaboration: Establishing uniform global standards for insect-based feed through organizations like the FAO and Codex Alimentarius can provide clarity and encourage investment
Streamlining Approvals: Governments should implement streamlined regulatory processes for evaluating and approving insect-based feed ingredients, prioritizing risk-based assessments.
2. Enhancing Public Perception
Educational Campaigns: Public awareness campaigns highlighting the sustainability and nutritional benefits of insect-based feed can help normalize its use in aquaculture
Transparency: Producers should emphasize traceability and quality assurance in insect farming to counter perceptions of poor hygiene or safety concerns.
3. Scaling Production
Technological Advancements: Investments in automation, artificial intelligence, and bioconversion technologies can enhance the efficiency and scalability of insect farming operations
Public-Private Partnerships: Governments and private investors can collaborate to build large-scale insect farming facilities, leveraging economies of scale to reduce production costs.
4. Market Incentives
Subsidies and Tax Benefits: Governments can incentivize the use of insect-based feed by providing subsidies or tax benefits to aquaculture producers who adopt sustainable feed solutions
Research and Development Grants: Funding for R&D can accelerate advancements in feed formulations, processing techniques, and substrate optimization.
Conclusion
Insect-based feed presents a sustainable and nutritionally superior alternative to traditional aquaculture feed sources. The empirical evidence supporting its efficacy, combined with the success of pioneering companies like Protix, Innovafeed, and Ynsect, underscores its transformative potential. However, the mass adoption of this innovation requires overcoming regulatory, cultural, and scalability barriers By implementing coordinated strategies that harmonize regulations, educate consumers, and scale production, the aquaculture industry can unlock the full potential of insect-based feed, ensuring a resilient and sustainable global food system
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The Future is Green: Current Trends & Future Outlook of Climate Tech in MENA
Overview
1.1 The Definition & Importance of Climate Tech
Climate tech, also known as climate technology, is an innovative and rapidly evolving industry that aims to address the challenges of climate change by developing and deploying sustainable and eco-friendly technologies As the world faces the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change, climate tech plays a crucial role in advancing solutions that promote a more sustainable and resilient future
Climate tech has the potential to make a significant contribution to the fight against climate change By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, adapting to the impacts of climate change, and improving our understanding of the climate, climate tech can help to mitigate the effects of climate change and build a more sustainable future
Author: Falak Investment Hub Team
Core Contributions of Climate Tech:
Mitigating Climate Change
Promoting Energy Efficiency
Driving Green Innovation and Economic
Growth
Enhancing Resource Management
The Climate Threat in MENA:
MENA is highly vulnerable to climate change, and innovative solutions are urgently needed to address it:
MENA is heating up twice as fast as other regions in the world due to climate change (Source: Washington Post, 2022)
Water scarcity could cost the region between 6-14% of GDP by 2050.
70% of MENA’s agricultural production is rain-fed, making food and agriculture systems vulnerable
MENA is home to 12 of the world’s 17 most water-stressed countries.
In 2020, only $1.2 billion worth of climate finance commitments were destined for MENA, representing one of the lowest climate funding activities globally
1.2 Brief History of Climate Tech
Evolution Timeline:
1960s-1970s: Early Environmental Movements and Initiatives
1970s: Rise of Renewable Energy
1997: The Kyoto Protocol
2000s: Technological Advancements
2006-2011: Climate Tech 1.0
2015: The Paris Agreement
Recent Years: Scaling Up Climate Tech
Present: Decentralization and Smart Technologies
Climate technology has evolved significantly to become a crucial aspect of the global response to climate change Early environmental movements and initiatives during the 1960s and 1970s laid the foundation, emphasizing conservation and resource management.
The rise of renewable energy in the 1970s, driven by the global energy crisis, marked the beginning of harnessing clean and sustainable energy sources Adopting the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 brought international attention to reducing greenhouse gas emissions The early 2000s witnessed technological advancements in climate tech, leading to energy-efficient appliances and electric vehicles
During Climate Tech 1.0, between 2006-2011, $25 billion of VC funding went into climate-focused ventures However, approximately 90% of Series A investments in Clean Tech 1 0 failed to return that initial investment, as reported by a 2016 MIT study The historic Paris Agreement in 2015 united nations in combating climate change with ambitious emission reduction goals
Recent years have seen rapid growth in climate tech, with renewable energy installations reaching record levels and significant investments driving the sector’s expansion. Presently, decentralized energy systems and smart technologies optimize resource management, promoting sustainability and resilience
1.3 Market Size of the Climate Tech Industry
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is a major market for climate tech, with a number of countries in the region taking steps to address climate change. The MENA climate tech market is expected to grow from $1 5 billion in 2022 to $12 5 billion by 2028, at a CAGR of 25%
Driving Factors of Growth in MENA:
Government Policies: Governments in the MENA region are increasingly implementing policies to support the development and deployment of climate tech solutions. For example, the UAE has set a target of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, and Saudi Arabia has committed to investing $100 billion in clean energy by 2030
Investor Interest: There is growing investor interest in the MENA climate tech market as investors see the potential for significant returns In 2021, the MENA climate tech market attracted $1.3 billion in venture capital investment, up from $0.5 billion in 2020.
Technology Advances: There have been significant advances in a number of climate tech areas, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and carbon capture and storage These advances are making climate tech solutions more affordable and accessible, driving demand in the MENA region
1.4
Key Sectors of the
Energy Solutions, Renewables & Clean Energy:
Focuses on renewable energy sources and clean energy solutions that aim to reduce carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels This includes solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, bioenergy technologies, and energy storage solutions for improved grid stability and efficiency.
Mobility & Transport:
Encompasses sustainable transportation solutions aimed at reducing the transport sector carbon footprint It includes electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid vehicles, public transportation systems, and alternative fuels like hydrogen and biofuels
Water Solutions, Sustainable Food, Agriculture, & Land:
Focuses on climate tech solutions for water management, sustainable agriculture practices, and land conservation. It includes water-saving technologies, precision agriculture, vertical farming, agroforestry, and sustainable land use practices
Infrastructure & Building (Construction):
Emphasizes climate tech solutions in infrastructure and building construction that prioritize energy efficiency, green building materials, and sustainable design. It includes energyefficient buildings, smart cities, green roofs, and eco-friendly construction materials.
Industrial & Recycling (Circular Economies):
Focuses on industrial processes and recycling solutions that promote circular economies, minimizing waste and maximizing resource efficiency It includes recycling technologies, waste-to-energy processes, and industrial symbiosis
1.5 International Key Players in Climate Tech
Key players include:
Governments and Regulatory Authorities: IPCC, OGCI, IRENA, UNFCC, and G20
Investors and Financial Institutions: World Bank Group, IFC, Green Climate Fund, IIGCC, European Bank, ADB, and UNEP.
Major Organizations and Educational Institutions: MIT, Stanford University, Breakthrough Energy, and Energy Impact Partners
1.6 Local Market Leaders in Climate Tech
Prominent MENA players include:
Governments and Regulatory Authorities: Saudi Ministry of Energy, Royal Commission for AlUla, and the Saline Water Conversion Corporation
Investors and Financial Institutions: Mubadala, Arzan VC, Taqadam Accelerator, and Saudi Aramco Energy Ventures.
Educational Institutions: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and King Salman Park Foundation.
1.7 MENA & KSA Climate Tech Startups
Regional startups are making strides across key verticals:
Energy Solutions: Algebra Intelligence, Mirai Solar
Mobility & Transport: Shift EV, Emma
Infrastructure & Building: Konn
Industrial & Recycling: Bekia, Zeronet, Barakah
Water Solutions & Agriculture: Red Sea Farms, Terraxy, Edama, Sadeem, Natufia, Beekeeper Tech
Market Trends and Opportunities
2.1 Climate Tech Market Trends in MENA
The Growth of Renewable Energy: The MENA region has abundant renewable energy resources, such as solar, hydroelectric power, and wind power. This is driving the growth of the renewable energy sector in the region, which is a major driver of the MENA climate tech market.
The Rise of Energy Efficiency: There is a growing focus on energy efficiency in the MENA region, as governments and businesses seek to reduce their energy consumption This creates opportunities for climate tech startups to develop energy efficiency solutions
The Increasing Demand for Sustainable Agriculture: The MENA region faces several challenges, including water scarcity and desertification. This is driving the demand for sustainable agriculture solutions, a major opportunity for climate tech startups in the region.
The Growth of the Circular Economy: The circular economy is a production and consumption model aiming to reduce waste and pollution This is gaining traction in the MENA region, as businesses and governments look for ways to reduce their environmental impact
The Increasing Focus on Climate Resilience: The MENA region is already facing the impacts of climate change, such as more frequent and severe droughts and floods. This is driving the demand for climate-resilient infrastructure and solutions.
2.2 Key Highlights of Climate Tech in MENA
Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia aims to increase the share of natural gas and renewable energy sources to approximately 50% by 2030 while reducing the use of liquid fuel. It is currently developing a number of large-scale renewable energy projects, including the Neom Green Hydrogen Project. This particular initiative holds a significant value of $8.4 billion, with a financing arrangement of $6 1 billion
UAE: The UAE has set a goal of 50% renewable energy by 2050 It is a global leader in solar energy and is developing large-scale solar projects, including the world’s largest single-site solar park, the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park.
Morocco: Morocco is making significant investments in renewable energy and has pledged to increase the share of renewable energy in its electricity mix to 52% by 2030 (20% solar, 20% wind, 12% hydro) Morocco is home to the Noor Ouarzazate Solar Complex, the largest concentrated solar power plant in Africa
Egypt: Benban Solar Park in Upper Egypt is a testament to the country’s commitment to renewable energy. Spanning vast acres of land, this $4 billion solar park is considered the largest in the world, harnessing abundant sunlight to generate renewable power and promote environmental preservation. It fosters economic growth and attracts local and international investors
2.3 Climate Tech Investment Landscape
Global Climate Tech Funding Trends: In the first half of 2023, the climate tech market saw $13 billion in investments, a 40% decrease from the first half of 2022.
Global View:
70+ Climate Tech Unicorns
6%+ of Global VC Funding is into Climate Tech Startups
$1.4 Trillion Worth of Investments by 2028
8.8% Compounded Annual Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Sectoral Breakdown (Source: Holon IQ):
Renewables: Solar (73%), Biomass (12%), Geothermal (4%), Hydro (4%)
Resources: Hydrogen (58%), Nuclear (19%), Gas Transition (16%)
Storage: Batteries (45%), EV Charging (18%), Grids (18%).
Biosphere: Oceans (33%), Forests (30%), Air (25%).
Circular Economy: Recycling (27%), Materials (41%), Waste Water (11%)
Built Environment: Construction (51%), Transport Infrastructure (25%)
Public Awareness: Educating stakeholders is crucial for adoption
Conclusion
3.1 Driving Factors Shaping the Climate Tech Industry
The Climate Tech industry is increasingly becoming a focal point of investment, innovation, and policy-making in the MENA region
The combination of driving factors; technological innovation, increased investment, robust government initiatives, and a growing public awareness is setting the stage for an unprecedented growth in the Climate Tech industry in the MENA region With a PwC report suggesting that the MENA climate tech ecosystem could attract up to $2 billion by 2025, the future indeed looks green
By focusing on these driving factors and continually adapting to overcome the challenges, the MENA region has the potential to become a global leader in the Climate Tech industry. The responsibility now lies on ecosystem stakeholders to capitalize on these opportunities and navigate the challenges for a sustainable, climate-resilient future
Investors: Investors need to develop new financial models that accurately capture the long-term value and risks of investing in climate tech As well as allocate a dedicated pool of funds for earlystage startups that focus on innovative climate tech solutions.
Startups: Climate entrepreneurs must focus on developing solutions that are not just innovative but also adaptable to local market conditions in the MENA region Actively seek partnerships with government bodies, investors, and educational institutions for better resources and knowledge sharing, as well as invest in consumer education and marketing to accelerate the adoption rate of these new technologies.
Enabling Bodies: There is a big learning curve too, therefore collaborative research between partners is crucial Startups, government agencies, and other educational institutions need to collaborate for R&D efforts in climate tech and talent development
"Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without"
Harnessing AI Responsibly: Mitigating Its Environmental Impact for a Sustainable Future
Author: Hassan Alzain, Yale University
The Importance of Balancing Innovation and Sustainability in the Era of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force reshaping industries, improving efficiencies, and addressing global challenges. Yet, alongside its revolutionary potential lies a substantial environmental toll that must not be overlooked The energy-intensive processes powering AI systems, coupled with their resource demands and waste generation, present serious challenges to sustainability To mitigate these impacts, it is imperative to understand AI’s environmental footprint, its contributing factors, and the innovative solutions required to create a balanced and responsible technological future.
AI’s Environmental Footprint: A Growing Concern
The environmental impact of AI is multifaceted, encompassing energy consumption, carbon emissions, water use, and electronic waste. Training large AI models, such as advanced deep neural networks, demands immense computational power. For instance, the energy required to train a single large language model can emit hundreds of tons of carbon dioxide equivalent to the annual emissions of hundreds of U S households
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that by 2026, electricity consumption by data centers, cryptocurrency, and AI systems will account for 4% of global energy usage comparable to Japan’s total electricity consumption
Beyond carbon emissions, AI-related infrastructure places a strain on global freshwater resources. Data centers, which house AI servers, use significant amounts of water for cooling Some projections suggest that AI infrastructure may soon consume six times more water annually than Denmark This is particularly alarming for regions already experiencing water scarcity, such as Arizona and Chile, where water-intensive AI operations exacerbate local stress
The materials and rare minerals used in AI hardware further amplify its environmental cost. Manufacturing components like semiconductors relies on resources such as cobalt, silicon, and gold, whose extraction often leads to soil erosion, pollution, and ecosystem disruption Additionally, electronic waste from discarded AI hardware contributes to hazardous environmental pollution, with toxic substances like mercury and lead leaching into soil and water supplies The cumulative effect of these impacts demands immediate and coordinated action to address the growing environmental footprint of AI systems.
Uneven Distribution of AI’s Environmental Costs
AI’s environmental impacts are not uniformly distributed, often burdening vulnerable regions and communities disproportionately. For instance, while some data centers operate primarily on renewable energy as seen with Google’s 97% carbon-free energy use in Finland—others rely heavily on fossil fuels. In Asia, renewable energy utilization in data centers drops as low as 4–18%, exacerbating local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions This stark contrast underscores the inequities in resource access and usage, highlighting the broader socio-environmental disparities within the AI industry
Water usage follows a similar pattern. In hot, arid regions like Arizona, the cooling demands of data centers can lead to higher rates of water consumption compared to cooler climates. This disparity highlights the pressing need for environmental equity in AI deployment, ensuring that its benefits do not come at the disproportionate expense of resource-stressed areas Such inequities can further widen socioeconomic gaps, as local communities bear the brunt of resource depletion and environmental degradation Addressing these disparities is not only a moral imperative but also a strategic necessity for achieving long-term sustainability
Mitigation Strategies: Paving the Way for Sustainable AI
Efforts to mitigate AI’s environmental impact are gaining momentum, driven by innovation in energy efficiency, resource management, and sustainable practices These strategies address the growing concerns surrounding AI’s energy consumption, water use, and waste generation while promoting long-term sustainability Central to this mission is the pursuit of more efficient AI model designs, advancements in renewable energy adoption, and equitable resource distribution across regions. To ensure a comprehensive approach, mitigation efforts span technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, and collaborative partnerships between stakeholders Below are key strategies that highlight how the industry is evolving to balance AI's capabilities with environmental stewardship
1. Enhancing Energy Efficiency
Advancements in AI model design, such as weight pruning and quantization, are reducing the computational demands of training and inference processes Techniques like geographical load balancing which dynamically redistributes AI workloads across data centers based on real-time energy availability and carbon intensity have proven effective Google’s carbon-intelligent computing platform exemplifies this approach, optimizing energy use while minimizing environmental impact. Furthermore, integrating AI into grid management systems can improve energy distribution, reducing the reliance on peak-demand power sources and enabling greater use of renewables
Energy-efficient hardware innovations are equally critical. Developing GPUs and accelerators tailored for AI workloads can significantly reduce energy consumption Moreover, promoting scalable renewable energy adoption within data centers, such as integrating solar and wind power, further supports carbon neutrality Investing in hybrid systems that combine advanced cooling techniques with renewable energy storage can also mitigate the environmental cost of AI operations
2. Addressing Water and Resource Usage
The push for “water-positive” operations by 2030, adopted by leading industry players, aims to replenish more water than data centers consume. Technologies like advanced cooling systems and wastewater recycling are pivotal in achieving this goal. For instance, some facilities are exploring closed-loop cooling systems that minimize water loss and reduce the overall environmental impact. Simultaneously, creating standardized protocols for assessing the full lifecycle impact of AI hardware, from production to disposal, can guide more sustainable material use and recycling practices
Efforts to reduce reliance on critical minerals through material innovation and recycling are equally vital. Advances in semiconductor technology and sustainable mining practices can alleviate the environmental strain associated with hardware production. Establishing circular supply chains for AI hardware can further enhance resource efficiency, ensuring that materials are reused and repurposed rather than discarded
3. Managing Electronic Waste
AI’s growing contribution to electronic waste calls for stringent regulations and ethical disposal practices Recycling programs that recover valuable materials from outdated hardware can minimize environmental harm while reducing reliance on virgin resources Collaboration between governments, industry stakeholders, and environmental organizations is crucial to establishing global e-waste management frameworks Integrating AI technologies into waste management systems can also improve sorting and recycling efficiency, reducing the environmental burden of electronic waste.
Public awareness campaigns and incentives for responsible disposal can further support these initiatives, ensuring that consumers and businesses alike contribute to sustainable practices By prioritizing e-waste reduction and management, the AI industry can set a benchmark for environmental responsibility in the broader tech sector.
Leveraging AI for Climate Solutions
While AI poses environmental challenges, it also holds immense potential as a tool for combating climate change. Applications such as real-time emission monitoring, disaster response optimization, and resource management are already making significant impacts. These solutions demonstrate AI’s capacity to serve as a force for environmental good when aligned with sustainable practices.
AI-driven platforms like Climate TRACE combine machine learning and satellite imagery to track greenhouse gas emissions globally By providing transparent and actionable data, these tools enable policymakers and corporations to identify and address emission hotspots Similarly, AI-powered forecasting models are advancing climate resilience, offering real-time insights into natural disasters and supporting targeted response efforts These technologies not only enhance efficiency but also enable more precise decision-making in climate-related interventions.
In agriculture, AI is optimizing resource use, reducing the over-application of fertilizers and pesticides, and promoting sustainable farming practices For example, AI models can analyze soil health and weather patterns to recommend precise planting and irrigation schedules, minimizing waste and maximizing yield These applications demonstrate that when leveraged responsibly, AI can be a powerful ally in the fight against environmental degradation.
The Path Forward: Policies and Collaboration
To ensure a sustainable AI future, a multifaceted approach is essential, combining regulation, innovation, and collaboration. Governments should integrate environmental considerations into AI policies, mandating transparency in energy, water, and resource usage. Encouraging public-private partnerships can accelerate the development of greener technologies and practices By fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers, the AI sector can develop holistic solutions that prioritize sustainability without stifling innovation
Companies should also adopt ethical AI design principles, prioritizing energy-efficient algorithms and equitable resource distribution. Establishing international standards for AI’s environmental impact assessment will foster accountability and guide sustainable deployment strategies Initiatives such as mandatory carbon reporting and sustainability certifications for AI technologies can incentivize responsible practices across the industry
Educational programs and interdisciplinary research initiatives are also vital to cultivating a workforce capable of addressing the environmental challenges posed by AI. By integrating sustainability into AI curricula and promoting cross-sectoral knowledge sharing, the industry can build a foundation for long-term environmental stewardship
Conclusion
The rapid rise of AI presents both unparalleled opportunities and profound environmental challenges. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic strategy that balances technological advancement with sustainability By investing in energy-efficient systems, promoting responsible resource use, and leveraging AI’s potential for climate solutions, we can harness its power without compromising our planet’s future As we stand on the brink of an AI-driven era, our collective responsibility is clear: to build a sustainable framework that ensures AI benefits humanity while safeguarding the environment. Through collaboration, innovation, and a commitment to equity, we can achieve a future where AI and sustainability coexist harmoniously.
"COLLECT MOMENTS , N OT THINGS "
Transforming Sewage into Water: Zero Esgoto’s Innovative and Sustainable Solution
Author:
Henrique Pontes, CEO/Founder at VR Duct in London and partner at Zero Esgoto
Water is a finite and invaluable resource, and access to clean water is among the most critical challenges of the 21st century. Addressing this issue is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6): to "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all " In Brazil, a startup is pioneering a revolutionary approach to water treatment that brings together innovation, sustainability, and efficiency Zero Esgoto has developed a modular, natural sewage treatment system capable of transforming sewage into water in as little as six hours Scalable from single residences to entire cities, this solution offers a sustainable and cost-effective method to tackle the pressing global sanitation crisis.
The Innovation: A Modular, Natural Process
Zero Esgoto’s technology employs biomass and proprietary processes to remove organic and inorganic pollutants from sewage. Unlike conventional sewage treatment plants, which often rely on chemical treatments and extensive infrastructure, Zero Esgoto’s system uses a 100% natural process that avoids chemical additives altogether
One of the system's key differentiators is its modular design. Its scalability allows implementation in diverse environments, from isolated rural households to large urban centres. By adapting to the needs of different populations, Zero Esgoto ensures flexibility and broad accessibility. This adaptability is critical for developing regions where infrastructure gaps often leave communities underserved
How It Works: From
Sewage to Class C2 Water in 6 Hours
The Zero Esgoto solution innovatively and efficiently processes sewage, achieving complete treatment within six hours. The system utilises natural biomass to break down pollutants, ensuring that the treated effluent meets Brazil’s National Environment Council (CONAMA) standards 357/2005 and 430/2011
The final output of this process is water classified as Class II (C2), equivalent to rainwater This highquality effluent can be safely disposed of in the environment, promoting ecological preservation, or reused in non-potable applications, such as irrigation, cleaning, or industrial processes.
Key features of Zero Esgoto’s process include:
No use of chemicals: The natural treatment method avoids harmful additives, ensuring environmental safety
Total sludge processing: Unlike traditional systems, Zero Esgoto does not generate solid waste, eliminating disposal challenges.
Minimal maintenance: Maintenance costs are virtually non-existent as the system matures and improves in efficiency over time
Zero energy consumption: The system operates without electricity, reducing operational costs and making it ideal for off-grid communities
A Sustainable Solution for Today and Tomorrow
The Zero Esgoto system aligns closely with sustainable development principles, providing both environmental and economic benefits Its modular design requires minimal space, making it suitable for areas where land availability is limited Additionally, the natural treatment process reduces reliance on energy-intensive technologies, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions associated with conventional wastewater treatment.
By eliminating solid waste generation, Zero Esgoto addresses one of the major drawbacks of traditional sewage systems: sludge disposal In many systems, solid waste requires additional treatment and disposal, leading to higher costs and environmental risks Zero Esgoto’s complete sludge processing removes this barrier, offering a more sustainable and efficient alternative Another unique advantage of the system is its ability to increase efficiency over time. As the biomass matures, its pollutant breakdown capacity improves, ensuring that the system continues to deliver high performance long after installation
Addressing Global Water and Sanitation Challenges
Water scarcity and sanitation are pressing issues worldwide. According to the UN, over 2 billion people still lack access to safely managed sanitation services Inadequate sewage treatment threatens human health and leads to severe environmental degradation Contaminated water sources disrupt ecosystems, harm biodiversity, and exacerbate the global water crisis
Zero Esgoto’s innovative solution directly addresses these challenges. By offering cost-effective and scalable technology, the system can bridge gaps in water infrastructure, particularly in developing countries The modular design ensures quick and efficient deployment in regions experiencing rapid population growth or urbanisation
In addition, the ability to reuse treated water provides communities with a sustainable resource for agricultural and industrial applications. This feature is particularly valuable in water-scarce regions like Saudi Arabia, as it supports conservation efforts and reduces reliance on limited freshwater supplies
Contributing to the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Zero Esgoto’s mission aligns with several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, including:
1.
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation By providing a natural, scalable, and efficient sewage treatment solution, Zero Esgoto contributes directly to expanding access to clean water and improving sanitation worldwide
2
Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities The modular system enhances urban resilience by offering an adaptable, low-maintenance solution to water treatment challenges, even in densely populated areas.
3.
Goal 13: Climate Action Zero energy consumption and minimal environmental impact position
Zero Esgoto as a climate-friendly alternative to conventional sewage systems, reducing carbon footprints and fostering sustainability
Real-World Impact: A Case Study in Efficiency
In pilot installations across Brazil, Zero Esgoto’s technology has demonstrated remarkable success. One example involves a rural community previously lacking adequate sanitation infrastructure. By implementing Zero Esgoto’s modular system, the community gained access to clean, reusable water while preserving the surrounding environment
The results include:
Full compliance with CONAMA standards for treated effluent.
Elimination of solid waste generation.
Immediate improvements in water quality and ecosystem health.
Significant cost savings compared to traditional sewage treatment alternatives
This success story highlights the potential of Zero Esgoto’s solution to transform water management practices not only in Brazil but worldwide.
The Road Ahead: Scaling Innovation for Global Change
As the demand for sustainable solutions grows, Zero Esgoto’s modular technology presents a viable path forward. Its combination of innovation, efficiency, and environmental responsibility positions it as a game-changer in the sanitation market. By reducing costs, eliminating environmental risks, and offering scalable implementation, this solution has the potential to revolutionise water management in regions grappling with scarcity and pollution
Zero Esgoto invites governments, organisations, and communities to embrace this transformative technology in their water conservation and sustainability strategies. Together, we can take significant steps toward achieving SDG 6 and ensuring clean water and sanitation for all.
Conclusion: A Blueprint for Sustainable Water Management
Zero Esgoto’s pioneering system proves that sustainability and efficiency can coexist in the sanitation sector. By leveraging natural processes and innovative design, the company has developed a solution that addresses critical water challenges while preserving the environment From residences to cities, this modular technology offers a scalable, cost-effective, and sustainable approach to sewage treatment
In a world facing increasing water scarcity, Zero Esgoto’s mission to transform sewage into clean, reusable water represents a beacon of hope. By aligning with global sustainability goals and addressing local needs, this solution stands as a blueprint for a future where water is accessible, clean, and sustainable for all
About the Author: Henrique Pontes, CEO/Founder at VR Duct in London and partner at Zero Esgoto, is a technology entrepreneur dedicated to developing sustainable solutions for a better future With a strong background in innovation and a passion for environmental stewardship, Henrique strives to merge cutting-edge technology with green practices, driving impactful change across industries
Email: henrique@zeroesgoto.co.uk
Website: zeroesgoto.co.uk
"Make a big impact by making a little impact"
Optimizing Energy Efficiency: The Role of Net Present Value Methodology in Energy Performance Contracts
Introduction
Author: Hosam Salah Ibrahim LEED AP (BD+C), CEM, PMP, EDGE Expert
Organizations are increasingly using Energy Performance Contracts (EPCs) to enhance energy efficiency. EPCs involve outsourcing projects to energy service companies (ESCOs), To evaluate the feasibility and financial viability of such projects, decision-makers often rely on the Net Present Value (NPV) methodology In this article, we will explore how to use and implement NPV methodologies to make informed decisions when considering the implementation of Energy Performance Contracts
Section 1: Understanding Energy Performance Contracts (EPCs)
Energy Performance Contracts involve an Energy Service Company (ESCO) enhancing the energy efficiency of a building, contributing to organizations' savings on energy, reduction in utility bills, lowering carbon emissions, and promoting environmental sustainability, In an EPC arrangement, the ESCO pledges to install necessary equipment, implement energy conservation measures ECMs, provide a performance guarantee, and establish terms for upfront or ongoing payments. These payments are structured to be less than the financial savings generated by the project.
Section 2: Economical Terms and Indicators
Net Present Value (NPV)
Is a financial metric used to assess the feasibility and profitability of an investment or project by comparing the present value of expected cash inflows with the present value of cash outflows, taking into account the time value of money
NPV is used in capital budgeting and investment planning to analyze the profitability of a projected investment or project. NPV is a critical financial metric for assessing the profitability of long-term projects because it considers the entire cash flow timeline, including both initial investment and future returns
It is assumed that an investment with a positive NPV (+) indicates that the project is expected to generate more value than its cost (profitable). Conversely, a negative NPV (-) suggests that the project may not meet the required rate of return and will result in a net loss (not profitable) Thus, NPV serves as a valuable tool in decision-making, helping businesses and investors determine the viability of undertaking long-term ventures
Net Present Value (NPV) = (PVBenefits) – (PVcosts)
Time Value of Money and NPV
The change in the value of money over a given period due to factors such as inflation and the opportunity to earn a return on investment NPV incorporates this principle by discounting future cash flows back to their present value This ensures that all cash inflows and outflows are expressed in terms of their current worth, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of an investment's profitability
Interest Rate
Interest rate is the amount charged, expressed as a percentage of principal, by a lender to a borrower
Discount Rate
The discount rate refers to the rate used in discounted cash flow analysis to determine the present value of future cash flow.
Hurdle Rate – MARR
A hurdle rate is the minimum rate of return on a project or investment required by a company or investor The hurdle rate denotes appropriate compensation for the level of risk present; riskier projects generally have higher hurdle rates than those that are less risky. A company’s Hurdle Rate is called the Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR)
Present Value – PV
Present value (PV) is the current value of future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return
Future Value – FV
Future Value (FV) is a one-time positive or negative cash flow in the future
Annuity – Annual – A
A series of equal cash flows that occur evenly spaced over time.
Net Annual Value – NAV
The difference between the annual savings of a project and its annuitized initial investment (cost) To evaluate mutually exclusive projects with different equipment lives
Internal Rate of Return – IRR
The Discount Rate at which the Net Present Value = 0
Saving to Investment Ratio – SIR
Take the time value of money into account
SIR = Present Value of Benefits (PV) / Initial Cost of Investment (P)
If the Saving to Investment Ratio (SIR) is greater than 1, it suggests that the project is cost-effective
The present value of benefits outweighs the initial cost of investment
Simple Payback Period – SPP
Also referred to as Simple Payback (SPB)
Does not take the time value of money into account.
Used as a rough “first cut” tool to assess the initial possibilities of an investment opportunity Where after a more detailed assessment should/could be made
SPB = Initial Cost of Investment (P) / Net Annual Savings (A) Return of Investment – ROI
Return on Investment is a profitability ratio that assesses the efficiency of an investment by comparing the net gain (or loss) from the investment to its initial cost
ROI = [ Net Gain from Investment / Initial Cost of Investment ] x 100
ROI is expressed as a percentage and provides a percentage representation of the profitability of the investment.
Economic Life – n – Number of Years
Is the expected period of time during which an asset remains useful to the average owner and could be different than its actual physical life
Estimating the economic life of an asset is important for businesses so that they can determine when it’s worthwhile to invest in new equipment, allocating appropriate funds to purchase replacements once the equipment’s useful life is met.
Salvage Value
The value of the equipment at the end of the project life Sometimes salvage value is positive (sell it) and sometimes it is negative (disposal cost)
Section 3: Benefits
Objective Decision-Making:
NPV provides a systematic and objective approach to evaluating energy efficiency projects It allows organizations to compare the financial attractiveness of different EPCs and prioritize those with the highest positive NPV.
Risk Mitigation:
By considering the time value of money and discounting future cash flows, NPV inherently incorporates a risk assessment Organizations can adjust the discount rate to reflect the level of risk associated with the project, enabling a more nuanced evaluation
Long-Term Financial Planning:
EPCs often involve significant capital investments with returns realized over an extended period NPV aids organizations in understanding the long-term financial implications of energy efficiency initiatives, supporting strategic planning and budgeting
Enhanced Accountability:
The use of NPV in EPCs promotes accountability in decision-making. Stakeholders can transparently assess the financial impact of energy efficiency projects, fostering a culture of informed and responsible investment
Section 4: Applying NPV to Energy Performance Contracts
Identifying Cash Flows:
In the context of EPCs, cash flows include savings from reduced energy consumption, maintenance cost reductions, and potential revenue streams such as incentives or rebates
Discount Rate Selection:
Determining the appropriate discount rate is crucial. It should reflect the project's risk and the opportunity cost of capital ESCOs often use a combination of the client's cost of capital and a risk premium
Initial Investment Considerations:
The initial investment cost (C0) in an EPC encompasses various costs, including equipment purchase, installation, and project management. This initial cost is subtracted from the present value of future cash flows to calculate NPV
Incorporating Energy Savings:
The core benefit of EPCs is the reduction in energy costs The NPV analysis should include these savings over the contract period, factoring in maintenance costs and other relevant expenses
Projecting Cash Flows Over Time:
Cash flows should be estimated over the contract's duration, accounting for potential changes in energy prices, technology advancements, and any other variables that might affect the project's performance
Sensitivity Analysis:
Performing sensitivity analysis helps in understanding how variations in key parameters, such as discount rates or energy savings, impact the NPV. This aids in assessing the project's resilience to different scenarios
Decision Criteria:
A positive NPV (+) suggests that the EPC is economically viable However, it's essential to consider other financial metrics like Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and payback period to make well-informed decisions.
Section 5: How to Calculate Key Financial Metrics
Formula
Where:
NPV is the Net Present Value,
CFt is the net cash flow at time t, (Annual Savings)
O&Mt is the operating and maintenance costs at time t. (Annual Operating and Maintenance Costs). r is the discount rate.
C0 is the initial investment cost.
Time value of money tables (Compound Interest Factors tables)
Compound interest factor tables are used to calculate the present value, future value, or annuity payments based on different interest rates and time periods.
Tables: Instead of using a formula, financial professionals often refer to TVM tables that provide compound interest factors for different combinations of interest rates and time periods. These tables help in quickly determining the present value, future value, or annuity factor without extensive calculations
“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed.”
Mahatma Gandhi
Leveraging Technologies for Environmental
Protection and Sustainability: RS, GIS, and ML
Author: Dr. Islam Qasem
We live in an era where technological advances have turned yesterday’s impossibilities into today’s realities The integration of remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and machine learning (ML) have pushed the boundaries of innovation, allowing more effective and efficient ways for environmental monitoring, resource management, urban planning, disaster response, and evidence-based decision-making. More than ever, thanks to these technologies, we can accurately and efficiently monitor and analyze various complex challenges such as climate change, land degradation, air, water, and soil pollution, water scarcity, and urban expansion accurately and efficiently Let’s briefly zoom in on these technologies and provide an overview of some of the applications they enable.
RS’s remarkable power enables us to observe and monitor the earth’s atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems from a bird’s-eye view We can gather precise temporal and spatial data about the earth’s surface, all without physical contact Using sensors onboard Earth Observation Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), airplanes, or satellites, it is possible to gather data on various variables, such as plastic pollution, landslides, methane emissions, sea surface temperature, soil moisture, chlorophyll content, particulate matter, ice cover, deforestation, etc. In the case of satellites, which often provide global coverage, mounted sensors vary in terms of their sensing capabilities, spectral range, and application areas Selecting the appropriate satellite depends on the goals of the analysis For example, the European Space Agency (ESA) developed six Sentinel missions, each with a satellite designed for specific applications Similarly, NASA operates several Earth Observation programs, such as the Landsat program and Terra and Aqua satellites.
The collected remote sensing data can be used as input to GIS software, such as QGIS or ArcGIS, for advanced visualization and spatial analysis Through GIS, it is possible to gain powerful spatial analysis and visualization, ensuring that remote sensing observation can be transformed into actional insights and decision-making GIS offers many valuable operations that can be applied to remote sensing observation, such as variable overlaying, time-series analysis, slope calculation, change detection, and environmental index calculations. For example, integrating RS and GIS enables detailed analysis of the interactions with urban areas, traffic patterns, and industrial zones to identify emission sources or pair this information with socio-economic variables to pinpoint pollution hotspots
ML algorithms in environmental science have been transformative, mainly due to the increasing availability of open Earth Observation data These algorithms are applied in numerous areas, from climate change to disaster management, and they have been effectively applied to extract meaningful insights and enhance the management and interpretation of remote sensing observations. ML algorithms are effective in semantic segmentation, object detection, image classification, and anomaly detection For example, research has shown that combining multispectral satellite data with ML approaches can significantly enhance plastic pollution detection in the marine environment and classify plastic debris By training models on known spectral signatures of plastics and other materials, ML can effectively distinguish plastics from natural substances like seaweed, wood, or algae. In the context of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, deep-learning-based methods are used for speckle reduction and semantic analysis
To illustrate how RS and GIS are effective in environmental monitoring, consider the global challenge of land degradation As land degradation is a significant threat to agricultural productivity and sustainable development, we must monitor and track land use, soil health, and vegetation cover changes. Climate change, urbanization, and overgrazing are key factors driving land degradation. However, the capacity for monitoring and assessment at a large scale has been limited until recently, when Earth Observation data has become increasingly available and accessible Recent standardization in methodology for measuring land degradation has made it possible to identify the key variables to measure land degradation globally, with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) adopting an evaluation approach that also serves the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) reporting process. This approach comprises three sub-indicators: land cover, land productivity, and carbon stocks The combination of these indicators constitutes the SDG Indicator 15 3 1: the proportion of degraded land over total land area
Recently emerging tools like the QGIS plugin Trends Earth, which uses satellite data, made it possible to calculate and visualize these sub-indicators and easily integrate them into SDG 15.3.1. For example, it allows users to map changes in land cover over time, analyze trends in land productivity using vegetation indices, and estimate ground carbon stock based on initial measures of soil organic carbon and time series of land cover change Once the indicators are derived, it is possible to integrate them into the SDG Indicator 15 3 1
A second example concerns coral reefs, such as those in the Red Sea, which are vital to the health of the marine environment and the economy They provide habitats for millions of marine species, protect shorelines from storms and erosion, and support industries like tourism and fishing However, coral reefs are threatened by rising sea temperatures, causing coral bleaching and potentially leading to their mortality
To address these threats, the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) offers an innovative approach to monitor and predict the condition of coral reefs worldwide in near real-time This approach relies on satellite data, which provides timely, global, and accurate information to assess the heat stress and bleaching risk to coral reefs The near real-time daily satellite measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) provide global assessment at a 5km resolution, providing key information about the local coral reef systems. This allows responsible authorities to gain a clear and up-to-date understanding of coral reef conditions. With this information, they can take appropriate measures to protect and restore coral reefs, such as reducing local stressors, protecting vulnerable areas, or guiding restoration efforts to improve reef resilience
The image below shows NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly product, which uses color-coded areas to represent sea surface temperature deviations from the long-term average. Blue indicates cooler-than-average temperatures, signifying minimal or no heat stress; white (0 °C) represents no temperature anomaly; yellow to orange (0 to +2 °C) indicates slightly warmer-than-normal conditions, which means coral reefs might experience stress,; dark orange to red (+2 to +3 °C) represents warm anomalies that could cause bleaching; and dark red (>+3 °C) indicates extreme heat stress, highly likely to cause coral bleaching and potential mortality
5
Finally, it is essential to emphasize that different stakeholders can implement these technologies across different fields to tackle various challenges By using these technologies, government entities, private sector organizations, or NGOs can significantly enhance environmental monitoring and improve operations. However, successfully deploying these technologies requires overcoming several challenges, including data acquisition and management, analysis, image interpretation, and generating key insights Building systems that seamlessly integrate these technologies requires advanced technical expertise and resources.
Km NOAA Coral Reef Watch (v3.1) – 10 Dec 2024
“We are running the most dangerous experiment in history right now, which is to see how much carbon dioxide the atmosphere can handle before there is an environmental catastrophe.”
Elon Musk
New strategy on Waste Management in RAK, UAE
Author: Dr. Islam Qasem
In 2017 a significant change in the waste management procedures was implemented in RAK in cooperation with Lobbe, one of the biggest waste management companies in Germany and RAK Waste Management Authority as well as the EPFL University in Lausanne. The change had various key aspects on enhancing the waste management and handling in the emirate of Ras Al-Khaimah. Relocation of the existing landfill from an area close to the shoreline to inside RAK, introducing a simple domestic waste segregation systems and utilising the expertise of illegal workers as well as initiating changing the building permission procedures for the hospitality sector were the main factors to enhance the waste management procedures and efficiency in RAK Relocation of the existing landfill, which was near the shoreline was essential as RAK is depending on tourism as one of the main economic pillars.
No developer will build a resort or a hotel or any touristic facility near or on a landfill The strategy implemented required to relocate the landfill far away from the shoreline towards the desert While touching/moving the waste, the waste was analysed as well as segregated in 3 different kind of waste groups: 1-Recyclable Waste, 2-Mineral Waste, 3-Unusable/Remaining Waste. The Recyclable Waste was extracted/recovered and further segregated in a variety of material groups for selling to a recycling facility, the Mineral Waste was kept in store for backfilling of the excavated/cleared existing landfill for modelling the landscape in that area as per developers requirements, e g slight slopes, small hills etc hence no harm for environment or humans to create safe and secure area for the development of tourism facilities The Unusable Waste was delivered to the new proper prepared and operated landfill area, which was of course much smaller in size than the existing one as well as equipped with proper facilities, e.g. Material Recovery Facility (MRF) as well as composting facility for future use.
Introducing the simple segregation of domestic waste with the scheme of “Bag in a Bin” was an other key objective on the enhancement of RAK waste management system The distribution of brown and green bags in a residential area for trial along with training on awareness and educating the residents went well as the segregation was kept very simple, not having many different colours codes for different materials etc. The simple solution was having stronger brown bags for wet waste (food waste) and lighter green bags for the dry waste (plastic, aluminium, paper, card board, e-waste, light weight materials etc). All bags can be put in the bigger government bins in front of the houses/buildings and once collected and brought to the MRF the sanitation workers can easily segregate the brown and green bags avoiding the dry waste being contaminated and ensuring a better work environment for the workers as its not required to dig in the wet mixed waste for recovering recyclable materials. Both bags are emptied on separate conveyor belts and the wet waste gets transported after visual checking and removing non compostable items to the composting facility for composting and reusing the compost later on public properties, whereas the dry waste will be segregated further, e g black plastic, white plastic, clear plastic, composite material like tetrapacks, cans, bottles etc This segregation process is done manual as of now, but in Germany with enhanced AI technology, developed by a German company, ensuring an accuracy or purity of segregated material of up to 98%, which means higher value for recycling and/or selling as secondary material. This process enables to have the government of RAK faster return of investment as smaller size of landfill is required as well as revenue from selling the recyclable material to the various companies as secondary material
Another step which was taken within the administration of the waste management authority was that the so called “scavengers”, who are usually illegal fishing for valuable material in the public bins, were actually hired by RAK WMA as they are the real experts on recyclable and valuable materials. They were put on an employment scheme, so they will have a legal status, as well as having a secured monthly income with the duty of collecting the valuable materials from public areas and bins, ensuring a clean environment and no loss of recyclable valuable material Any items located or thrown on public ground, became automatically the property of RAK WMA and no one were allowed to collect it, except the scavengers, who then will bring all the materials to the MRF for further treatment and handling, e.g. segregation, reselling etc.
Lastly the implementation of a waste management plan with a variety of information related to waste management in the hospitality sector, as part of the building permission process and documentation, was established in order to ensure the developer and/or operator of a hospitality facility is aware of the amount and the kind of waste the facility is producing. Without the submission of a waste management operation strategy with all required information and drawings no building permission of the facility will be granted. Hence the old procedure of dumping all waste in one bin without knowing the content and amount became invalid and full information is now required to be known in order to receive the building permission of the hospitality facility All these 4 implemented requirements helped to enhance drastically the efficiency and economic feasibility of the waste management in RAK, leading to a more sustainable and environmental friendly emirate as well as a more tourist attracting destination.
“Climate change is the greatest threat to our existence in our short history on this planet. going to buy their way out of its effects.”
Mark Ruffalo
THE GREEN INCOME DIVERSIFICATION CREATIVITY MODEL (GIDC MODEL) BETWEEN GREEN HUSHING AND GREENWASHING
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Dr. Mohamed Tawfik Advisory Board Member, IASTEM Academy, and Marketing Director of Dawa Najd, KSA
Dr. Mohd Merajuddin Inamdar Assistant Professor, NISM Mumbai, India
According to Rittenhouse (2022), a report by South Pole found that one-quarter of surveyed companies with net zero goals plan to keep their sustainability efforts private Many companies are now choosing to talk less about their environmental efforts, even though they are making sustainability progress This trend, called "green hushing," has led to a decrease in social media marketing, which is where sustainability discussions often happen. This trend emerged when some companies faced criticism for greenwashing (Speed, 2022).
Despite this Rittenhouse (2022) stated that 72% of the surveyed companies have set net-zero targets, and 74% have increased their sustainability budgets However, 29% of these companies admitted that achieving their net zero goals is more difficult than anticipated Here comes the role of the GIDC model of Tawfik (2024), a framework that helps companies/countries in their green transition.
THE RISE OF THE GREEN MARKETING
Aji & Sutikno (2015) stated that in the 1990s companies began developing products marketed as environmentally friendly as a response to growing public concern about environmental issues While there are different terms for this concept, green marketing generally refers to a company's strategy of marketing its environmentally conscious practices. This approach considers the environmental impact throughout the whole product lifecycle, from production to disposal.
THE GREENWASHING TREND
Greenwashing term was first introduced by Jay Westerveld in 1986 (Pimonenko et al., 2020). Greenwashing is defined as a gap between substantive and symbolic actions Siano et al. (2017).
According to Denny et al (2023), Greenwashing is the deceptive practice of portraying a company or product as environmentally friendly when it is not This can involve misleading statements about a company's sustainability efforts or the marketing of green financial products that do not truly align with environmental goals. Corporations and financial institutions face risks if their public statements or disclosures about ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics are inaccurate. Greenwashing can harm a company's reputation, lead to legal issues, and erode investor trust. According to Pimonenko et al (2020), the frequency of the search for “greenwashing” reached its peak in 2012 when the expansion of sustainable development goals (SDGs) led to increased scientific attention to greenwashing
Figure 1 Dynamics of the frequency of “greenwashing” use (defined by Google Trends from 2004 to 2018) cited in Pimonenko et al (2020)
In the case of green financial products, greenwashing can occur if the proceeds from products like green bonds are not used for environmentally beneficial purposes To avoid greenwashing, it is crucial for companies to be transparent and honest about their environmental practices and to ensure that any green initiatives are genuine and impactful.
Speed (2022) argued that after the COP26 climate summit, many companies quickly promoted their sustainability efforts However, this led to accusations that their claims were false or exaggerated Oil companies like TotalEnergies have faced lawsuits over greenwashing in their advertisements (Speed, 2022) While, in the car industry, the use of greenwashing by Volkswagen in 2015 led to losses of €7 billion (Pimonenko et al., 2020). Financial regulators are also becoming stricter with ESG investment funds. Michael Wilkins, from Imperial College London, says that companies are now being closely watched for any sustainability claims. This, along with the backlash against ESG, is making many companies hesitant to make such claims
TYPES OF GREENWASHING
De Freitas Netto et al (2020) identified two main types of greenwashing for both firm level and product/service level: claims-based and execution-based Most research focuses on claims-based greenwashing, which involves misleading claims about a product or service Execution-based greenwashing, which involves misleading practices or actions, is less studied and less familiar. Yet, both types are available in the market and need action.
GREENWASHING AND GREEN CREDIT
Ling & Wang (2024) explored the role of green credit in achieving sustainable development amidst increasing environmental degradation It focused on the phenomenon of greenwashing by businesses and how blockchain technology can impact it. They analyzed the strategic decisions of the government, financial institutions, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of green credit and greenwashing
Ling & Wang (2024) examined Blockchain technology for its potential to reduce greenwashing and enhance the effectiveness of government subsidies But, their findings suggested that:
A-blockchain can help combat greenwashing but cannot replace government regulation.
B-Excessive subsidies may encourage more greenwashing while eliminating them does not address the root causes
So, Ling & Wang (2024) concluded that strengthening government supervision and establishing a robust social surveillance and publicity mechanism should promote sustainable economic development and minimize corporate defaults.
THE GREEN HUSHING TREND
According to Speed (2022), companies are increasingly choosing to keep their climate goals secret to avoid criticism and accusations of greenwashing This trend is called "green hushing “A quarter of the 1,200 companies surveyed in 12 countries said they would not publicly share their science-based net-zero targets. These targets are important for reducing emissions in line with the Paris Agreement. Despite this, the number of companies setting these targets has increased significantly in the past year However, after the COP26 climate summit, many companies were criticized for making unsubstantiated or misleading sustainability claims
GREEN HUSHING BENEFITS
Andrea Grodberg from VMLY&R. believes that "green hushing" can be a positive trend. She explains that with limited budgets and the need to focus on actual sustainability initiatives, companies may find it better to focus on investing in real change rather than marketing it According to Grodberg, this is a great approach (Rittenhouse, 2022)
GREEN INCOME DIVERSIFICATION CREATIVITY (GIDC) MODEL AS A SOLUTION
The GIDC model is a framework that aims to help countries and companies achieve easier and irreversible green transition (Tawfik, 2024) This model motivates companies/countries to be creative in their green transition approach because going green is a non-ending journey, not a one-time task Thinking the opposite is a mistake drives these entities indirectly toward greenwashing Because in the middle of the journey, there is a non-return point where the entity may find it easier to fake it rather than make it a sustainable business (Denny et al., 2023).
THE GIDC MODEL PARAMETERS
The GIDC model outlines four key parameters:
Green: Recognizing the urgent need for green transformation is the foundation of the model
Income: Profitability from green investments ensures the sustainability of green initiatives.
Diversification: Spreading investments across various green sectors mitigates risks and promotes business stability
Creativity: Innovation and creativity through green AI utilization and integration are essential for optimizing green energy utilization, reducing costs, and attracting further investment
The GIDC model, combined with Green AI, offers a comprehensive approach to achieving a sustainable green transition. By prioritizing creativity, income diversification, and green AI, countries and businesses can effectively address environmental challenges and create a more sustainable future
CONCLUSION
Green transitioning entities should accurately calculate their moves before starting the green journey to avoid walking on greenwashing and green-hushing roads. The GIDC model should be considered and integrated into the entities’ systems throughout the going green journey to ensure that creativity is used in favor of sustainability achievement rather than greenwashing
REFERENCES
1) Aji, H M , & Sutikno, B 2015 The extended consequence of greenwashing: Perceived consumer skepticism International Journal of Business and Information, 10(4), 433
2) De Freitas Netto, S V , Sobral, M F F , Ribeiro, A R B , & Soares, G R D L 2020 Concepts and forms of greenwashing: A systematic review Environmental Sciences Europe, 32, 1-12
3) Denny, A , Becker, J , van Thuyne, G & Rajan, C 2023, "How Climate-Related Disclosures Are Driving a Wave of Greenwashing Litigation", Insights; the Corporate & Securities Law Advisor, vol 37, no 8, pp 19-21
4) Ling, X & Wang, H 2024, "Green Behavior Strategies in the Green Credit Market: Analysis of the Impacts of Enterprises’ Greenwashing and Blockchain Technology", Sustainability, vol 16, no 11, pp 4858
5) Pimonenko, T , Bilan, Y , Horák, J , Starchenko, L , & Gajda, W 2020 Green brand of companies and greenwashing under sustainable development goals Sustainability, 12(4), 1679
6) Rittenhouse, L 2022, "'Green hushing' explained why brands are cutting back on sustainability marketing: Greenwashing concerns are forcing brands to do more sustainability work under the radar", Advertising Age, vol 93, no 18, pp
7) Siano, A , Vollero, A , Conte, F & Amabile, S 2017, “More than words”: Expanding the taxonomy of greenwashing after the Volkswagen scandal J Bus Res 71, 27–37
8) Speed, M 2022, 'Green hushing' on the increase to avoid scrutiny of climate plans, survey shows Cross asset, London (UK)
9) Tawfik, M 2024, "The Model of Green Income Diversification Creativity (GIDC)", International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review, vol 6, no 6, pp 6578-6580
“One thing leads to the other. Deforestation leads to climate change, which leads to ecosystem losses, which negatively impacts our livelihoods – it’s a vicious cycle.”
Gisele Bundchen
Case Study: High-Rise vs. Low-Rise – Non-Financial Valuation Methods
Author: Muayaed Qasim
As the world’s cities expand at breakneck speed, urban planners grapple with the pressing challenge of meeting humanity's housing needs while safeguarding the planet Non-financial valuation methods are emerging as essential tools, offering insights that go beyond monetary metrics to ensure sustainable, holistic development.
These methodologies like Theory of Change, Logic Model, Social Impact Assessment (SIA), Building Performance Evaluation (BPE), and Green Building Rating Systems provide frameworks to evaluate the environmental and social implications of urban projects The demands of rapid urbanization are forcing cities to rethink building typologies. By 2050, an additional 2.5 billion people are expected to live in urban areas (Van Bronkhorst, 2024), intensifying the need for sustainable construction. Singapore, with its goal of greening 80% of its buildings by 2030 (BCA, 2023), exemplifies how urban policies can prioritize health, ecological sustainability, and reduced carbon emissions
Low-rise buildings stand out as cost-effective, socially cohesive solutions. Incorporating shared public spaces, community gardens, and green infrastructure, these structures enhance biodiversity, air quality, and community cohesion. In contrast, high-rise buildings, while maximizing land use, often incur significant embodied energy costs due to steel and concrete requirements Paris, a city of dense low-rise development, illustrates how this approach can yield substantial CO2 savings compared to high-rise alternatives (Pomponi & Saint, 2021)
High-rise structures, however, present opportunities for energy optimization through technologies like daylighting sensors, high-performance glazing, and regenerative braking systems. Still, challenges such as thermal comfort due to wind loading necessitate innovative solutions like split systems and overhead fans (Fernandez et al , 2015) Research shows that four-story buildings have the lowest emissions over a 40year lifecycle, reinforcing their sustainability credentials (Lobet, 2021)
Social and Economic Dimensions of Building Choices
From a social perspective, low-rise and high-rise buildings cater to different lifestyles High-rise structures often combine privacy with communal living, featuring modern amenities but sometimes limiting interpersonal connections. In contrast, low-rise buildings foster tight-knit communities, with lower rents and reduced fire risks contributing to their appeal. Enhancements such as pet-friendly policies and sustainability education could amplify the benefits of both housing types (Homes247, 2022). Economically, low-rise and mid-rise buildings are more cost-effective, benefiting from lower elevator and maintenance expenses Larger floor spaces and proximity to outdoor areas make low-rise office buildings particularly suitable for co-working environments, fostering a community-centric workspace ethos (Gatto, 2018). High-rise developments, while capitalizing on urban density, often entail higher maintenance costs and infrastructure demands.
Global Goals and Green Building Challenges
Sustainable buildings are pivotal to advancing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11, which focuses on inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities. Passive design principles, renewable energy integration, and green infrastructure can align urban projects with these global objectives. For instance, Portland’s Pearl District showcases how industrial areas can be transformed into vibrant, eco-conscious neighborhoods (CDBC’S, 2015)
However, the journey toward sustainability is not without hurdles. Limited land, inefficient lighting systems, and the complexities of maintaining thermal comfort in high-rise buildings pose significant challenges Advanced technologies, such as CO2 monitors, solar shading, and variable-speed fans, can help address these issues. Additionally, low-rise models that emphasize reduced carbon footprints and community living present a viable solution to the global housing crisis
Reference:
Balancing Growth and Sustainability
As urban housing demand continues to rise, non-financial valuation methods play a critical role in guiding sustainable development By evaluating social, environmental, and economic dimensions, these tools enable the creation of urban environments that are not only ecologically sound but also enhance quality of life and economic viability Policymakers, developers, and planners must embrace these methodologies to ensure a harmonious balance between growth and sustainability, paving the way for greener cities.
Green Building Masterplans (2022, August 3) BCA Corp Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www1 bca gov sg/buildsg/sustainability/green-building-masterplans Randall (2015) Bloomberg The Smartest Building in the World Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www bloomberg com/features/2015-the-edge-the-worlds-greenest-building/ CDBC’S (2015) Case study of the pearl district and brewery blocks in Portland Oregon The pearl district Retrieved March 15 2023 from https://energyinnovation org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PearlDistrict-Case-Study pdf
Green Mark Certification Scheme (2023, April 6) BCA Corp https://www1 bca gov sg/buildsg/sustainability/green-mark-certification-scheme Synergies between LEED and SDGs | U S Green Building Council (2022 November 8) Synergies Between LEED and SDGs | U S Green Building Council https://www usgbc org/resources/synergiesbetween-leed-and-sdgs
Pomponi, F , & Saint, R (2021, October 27) Cities and climate change: why low-rise buildings are the future – not skyscrapers The Conversation http://theconversation com/cities-and-climate-change-whylow-rise-buildings-are-the-future-not-skyscrapers-170673
Fernandez;Fanning Christopher;Nova Drew, K K (2015, January 1) The Environmental Impact of Tall vs Small: A Comparative Study -International Journal of High-Rise Buildings | Korea Science The Environmental Impact of Tall Vs Small: A Comparative Study -International Journal of High-Rise Buildings | Korea Science https://doi org/10 21022/IJHRB 2015 4 2 109 Lobet, I (2021, May 1) Getting Building Height Right for the Climate Getting Building Height Right for the Climate | Greentech Media https://www greentechmedia com/articles/read/getting-building-heightright-for-the-climate
Du P Wood A Stephens B & Song X (2015 September 7) Life-Cycle Energy Implications of Downtown High-Rise vs Suburban Low-Rise Living: An Overview and Quantitative Case Study for Chicago Buildings, 5(3), 1003–1024 https://doi org/10 3390/buildings5031003 https://www wsp com/en-gl/insights/skyscrapers-vs-groundscrapers-which-is-more-sustainable
A (2023 March 17) Difference Between Low High and Mid-Rise Elevator - Dazen Dazen https://dazenelevator com/whats-the-difference-between-high-mid-and-low-rise-elevators/ Difference Between High Rise and Low Rise Buildings | Homes247 (2022, June 12) Difference Between High Rise and Low Rise Buildings | Homes247 https://www homes247 in/blogs/difference-betweenhigh-rise-and-low-rise-buildings--491
Larcombe, D L , Etten, E V , Logan, A , Prescott, S L , & Horwitz, P (2019, July 31) High-Rise Apartments and Urban Mental Health Historical and Contemporary Views. MDPI https://doi org/10 3390/challe10020034
Gatto, R (2018, August 7) Six Reasons Mid-Rise Offices Make Sense for Investors Six Reasons Mid-Rise Offices Make Sense for Investors https://blog sior com/six-reasons-mid-rise-offices-make-sensefor-investors
Multi-storey office buildings (2019) Multi-storey Office Buildings - SteelConstruction info Retrieved March 29, 2023, from https://steelconstruction info/Multi-storey office buildings Aliento W (2014 June 9) Sustainability checklist for high and low rise buildings The Fifth Estate http://thefifthestate com au/innovation/residential-2/sustainability-checklist-for-high-and-low-rise-buildings/ Indovance, M (2022, May 11) Rise Up with Low Rise Housing & Construction - Indovance Inc Indovance Inc https://www indovance com/knowledge-center/rise-up-with-low-rise-housing-construction/ Cost of residential housing development: A focus on building materials | Deloitte New Zealand (2019, May 15) Deloitte New Zealand https://www2 deloitte com/nz/en/pages/economics/articles/cost-residentialhousing-development-building-materials html
Van Bronkhorst, B (2024, March 16) Investing in cities today is the key for a resilient future World Bank Blogs https://blogs worldbank org/en/sustainablecities/investing-cities-today-key-resilient-future
“We
don’t have time to sit on our hands as our planet burns. For young people, climate change is bigger than election or re-election. It’s life or death.”
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, US Politician & Activist
Sustainable Construction Solutions: Self-Compacting Concretes with Recycled Aggregates
Author: Nancy Marcela Restrepo Rios
Innovation in construction materials has been in focus for Saudi Arabia in its ambitious drive to achieve the 2030 Sustainability Vision as an essential mechanism toward the reduction of environmental impacts and fostering the circular economy. A situation like this has, therefore, made the development and implementation of SCC with recycled aggregates a breakthrough in the industry. The present article outlines how SCC pertains to sustainability goals and discusses some technical properties, reviewing its potential to alter construction practice in the Kingdom
TURNING WASTE TO OPPORTUNITY
The report Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 (UNEP, 2024) show that the municipal solid waste generation is predicted to grow from 2.1 billion tonnes in 2023 to 3.8 billion tonnes by 2050 and Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) represent approximately 40% , is one of the most prevalent waste streams worldwide In Saudi Arabia, this challenge has intensified due to rapid urbanization and the expansion of development projects According to Haider H (2022), these projects generate approximately 53 million tons of CDW annually, with urban construction waste accounting for 30-40% of this total.
The lack of adequate recycling infrastructure and technology results in an estimated economic loss of $1 3 billion annually Key contributors to CDW generation in Saudi Arabia include:
Riyadh: 21%
Jeddah: 14%
Dammam: 8%
A significant portion of this waste consists of concrete, much of which is sent to landfills due to limited recycling capabilities This practice not only represents a loss of valuable material but also contributes to environmental degradation
Integrating recycled aggregates into Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) offers a sustainable solution to this issue. It allows for the reuse of CDW while maintaining the high-quality standards required for modern construction, thus addressing environmental and economic challenges simultaneously.
WHAT IS SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE?
Self-compacting concrete, also known as SCC, is a kind of flowable, yet highly cohesive concrete capable of consolidating by itself without the use of any external vibrational equipment First introduced in Japan in the late 1980s, SCC is characterized by filling formworks and flowing through the dense reinforcement without segregation. These properties allow for complex construction projects with less labor and improvement of worksite efficiency
ADVANTAGES OF RECYCLED AGGREGATES
Recycled aggregates are those that are derived from crushed waste concrete and are considered to be a more environmentally friendly alternative to natural aggregates. Some of the environmental and economic benefits that can be realized with SCC using these aggregates include:
A reduction in solid landfill waste and pollution of the earth
Conservation of natural resources due to the limited extraction of virgin aggregates Carbon Footprint Reduction, lower transportation costs and associated emissions when sourced locally.
SCC WITH RECYCLED AGGREGATES: TECHNICAL INSIGHTS
Mix design and material properties are of great importance in the integration of recycled aggregates into SCC It has been established that SCC containing recycled aggregate can achieve mechanical performance comparable to conventional SCC The optimization of key parameters like compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and workability is done through rigorous testing and innovation.
METHODOLOGY
Three types of self-compacting concrete mixtures were prepared (Restrepo Ríos, 2011):
1 SCC NA: Using 100% natural aggregates
2 SCC RA: Using 100%recycled aggregates
3 Mixed SCC: Using 50% natural aggregates and 50% recycled aggregates
The tests included compressive strength tests at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days, as well as modulus of elasticity tests
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results obtained show that SCC RA has slightly lower compressive strength than SCC NA, but within acceptable margins for structural applications. The modulus of elasticity also showed comparable results between SCC RA and SCC NA. The following table presents a comparative overview of the obtained results (table 1):
According to the results the applications of Vision 2030 SCC prepared with recycled aggregate would have great potential in mega-projects that are in line with the goals of Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia in such applications as infrastructure bridges, tunnels, and skyscrapers, which have provided support for sustainable development and reduction in carbon footprints In addition to that, it also will be a contribution toward achieving a more circular economy when waste is converted into value
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE
DIRECTIONS
There is, however, a brighter side to SCC with the usage of recycled aggregate: the issues of overcoming variability in quality of recycled aggregate and advances in processing techniques These challenges, however, are also being overcome through research and innovation for the wide diffusion of this sustainable material
CONCLUSION
Self-compacting concrete with recycled aggregates offers an effective and sustainable solution for the construction industry The results indicate that the mechanical properties of SCC RA are adequate for most applications, making it a viable alternative to the use of natural aggregates The adoption of this technology will contribute to waste reduction and efficient resource use in construction, aligning with global trends toward sustainability. In definitive in Saudi Arabia, it also perfectly aligns with the emphasis on environmental stewardship and efficient use of resources as called for by Vision 2030. The Kingdom can act as a pioneer in using this advanced material in construction to set an example for the rest of the world
“By polluting the oceans, not mitigating CO2 emissions and destroying our biodiversity, we are killing our planet. Let us face it, there is no planet B.”
Emmanuel Macron, President of France
High-Tech and Sustainability: METTA GREEN DEEP TECH as a Key to the Greening of the
Future in Saudi Arabia
Author: Dipl.-Ing. Peter Hegedues, MBE, PG Dipl. DB
Introduction:
The Sustainability Professionals of Saudi Arabia (SPSA) play a crucial role in promoting innovation and sustainability in the Kingdom As an integral part of the National Vision 2030, SPSA works to pool expertise and promote sustainable solutions. METTA GREEN DEEP TECH (METTA GDT) shares these values and sees a strong synergy with SPSA to achieve transformative environmental, economic, and social change jointly
METTA GREEN DEEP TECH's 3P+S (People, Planet, Prosperity + Sustainability) approach is at the heart of our mission It defines how we develop innovative technologies with a clear focus on social, environmental, and economic sustainability. This approach ensures tangible results for people and a measurable contribution to ecological balance and economic growth.
With its Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia is pursuing ambitious sustainability and desert greening goals Projects such as Neom and the Saudi Green Initiative (SGI) demonstrate the Kingdom's efforts to utilize innovative technologies and sustainable solutions METTA GREEN DEEP TECH is ready to support this mission as a global innovator with disruptive technologies and in-depth expertise. However, to achieve the goals of Vision 2030, existing structures must be questioned, and new, sustainable approaches must be integrated
The challenge:
Saudi Arabia is facing one of the most significant challenges in its history: transforming to a sustainable economy and society This vision is central to greening deserts, securing water resources, and feeding a growing population While significant progress has been made, it is crucial to think beyond conventional approaches METTA GREEN DEEP TECH brings the expertise and technologies needed to provide innovative solutions that challenge the status quo and make the 2030 vision a reality.
Our solution:
METTA GREEN DEEP TECH brings unique competencies and technologies that are ideally suited to these challenges:
Energy-efficient desalination technology: Our novel desalination technology offers a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for converting seawater into drinking and agricultural water It consumes less energy than conventional methods and is ideally suited for desert regions At the same time, this technology is in an advanced early stage of development, for which further research and development work is necessary Strategic investments and partnerships are crucial to scale this breakthrough technology and achieve broad societal benefits.
Collaboration and access to exclusive water sources: Besides our technological solutions, we develop collaborations that provide access to exclusive water sources, including premium and healing waters These water sources are monitored by integrating state-of-the-art technologies such as blockchain, IoT, and DAO to ensure unparalleled quality assurance and transparency This interplay of resources and technology creates healthy and sustainable water resources for the population and builds trust by making processes traceable and data secure.
Soil regeneration with biotechnology: Our METTA GREEN DEEP TECH platform promotes the holistic concept for the regeneration of desert soils through micro-, macro-, and nano-bioavailable nutrients This technology improves fertility and enables sustainable agriculture even under extreme conditions.
CO₂-neutral approaches: METTA GDT relies on fast-growing trees that impressively grow up to 4-6 meters per year under optimized conditions and processes These approaches offer multiple sources of income and numerous advantages for people, the environment, and economic aspects through various synergies In addition to improving the carbon footprint, they contribute significantly to sustainable development.
Transdisciplinary approach: Our team of international experts (3 Generations) has over 180 years of combined experience in biotechnology, environmental science, digitalization, engineering, data science, and seven other scientific and business areas These synergies enable us to develop innovative solutions tailored to the region's needs
Success story:
A current EU-based METTA GDT project in food production (fruit and vegetables) is a prime example of how our technologies are transferable and highly effective After two years of intensive development, significant improvements have been identified: the quality of the products has been significantly improved, including their flavor, texture, and ingredients In addition, the shelf life of the products has been extended considerably. A yield increase of up to 50% was achieved depending on the variety. These results demonstrate the potential of our technologies to create sustainable solutions for agriculture that offer both ecological and economic advantages
Further research and concepts: Besides our current projects, we are working on innovative approaches to independence in food production Vertical farming, aquaponics, and fogponics offer realistic possibilities for sustainable agriculture in arid regions such as Saudi Arabia. We are developing designs with our partners that combine these technologies with our unique 4BIOGROWFOOD product These approaches maximize productivity under extreme conditions and create significant advantages regarding resource efficiency, quality assurance, and economic sustainability
Driving Change and Impact: METTA GREEN DEEP TECH has generated international support and interest in various regions and institutions. We are collaborating with the city of Dortmund, one of the greenest cities in the world, to test our technologies We have also received requests from governments in Asia and Africa We aim to strengthen our presence in the EU while developing regional solutions to support the Middle East and Saudi Arabia
Cooperation with Saudi Arabia: METTA GREEN DEEP TECH sees an excellent opportunity to drive sustainable innovation together with Saudi Arabia:
Pilot projects: Integrating our technologies into desert greening projects, starting with pilot plants in Neom
Partnerships: Working with Saudi universities and research institutions to adapt technological solutions locally
Economic benefit: Reduction of dependence on water and agricultural imports through local production with maximum efficiency.
Prospects: METTA GREEN DEEP TECH presents itself as a strategic partner supporting Saudi Arabia in achieving and exceeding the goals of Vision 2030 Our solutions offer short-term advantages and create a basis for long-term sustainability, prosperity, and innovation With the proper support, transformative changes can be achieved that make Saudi Arabia a global role model.
Conclusion: Through Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has the realistic and great potential to become a role model for sustainability in the region and worldwide METTA GREEN DEEP TECH offers innovative solutions to make this vision a reality We can turn deserts green together, use resources sustainably, and create a livable green future
“We are the first generation to feel the effect of climate change and the last generation who can do something about it.”
Barack Obama, Former US President
Transforming Waste into Opportunity: Kham’s Vision for a Sustainable Future
What if waste wasn’t the end of a process but the beginning of something transformative? At Kham, we have embraced this idea, knowing that waste doesn’t truly go away because “away” doesn’t exist It merely shifts to another place on our planet Guided by this realization, we developed an innovative approach to close the loop on industrial waste By transforming waste from a burden for one company into valuable raw materials for another, we aim to turn problems into opportunities and pave the way for a cleaner, more sustainable future.
Founded by passionate college students Sufanah Almahfoudh, Fatimah Aljaafari, Khadijah Aljaafari, Nouf Almelihi, and Alaa Bahobail, Kham is dedicated to making lasting impact in the sustainability field We are a movement dedicated to making a lasting impact in the sustainability field, shifting the narrative of waste from something to be disposed of to something to be embraced as a resource.
The Global Challenge:
Waste has become one of the most pressing global challenges It is not just about trash piling up in landfills; it is about the inefficiencies in industrial processes and the environmental consequences of waste disposal Industries produce vast amounts of waste daily, and much of it ends up contributing to environmental degradation. Our vision is to tackle this challenge head-on by rethinking waste not as a problem, but as a resource—one that can be harnessed, repurposed, and reused.
Innovation:
At Kham, we are reimagining how industries handle waste Our model focuses on taking industrial waste from one company and repurposing it as raw material for another, closing the loop and reducing waste We believe that innovation lies in transforming what is discarded into something valuable Through creative solutions, we are developing systems that enable companies to recycle their waste in ways that are both environmentally responsible and economically beneficial At Kham, we are committed to solving this challenge by building solutions that focus on reimagining waste as an asset rather than a liability
Global Impact:
The impact of Kham will stretch far beyond individual companies or industries. We are working. toward creating a model that can be adopted worldwide, contributing to a global movement of sustainability. By redirecting waste and transforming it into valuable materials, we help reduce the environmental footprint of industries while contributing to the circular economy. Our approach aims to make sustainability accessible, scalable, and impactful on a global scale.
Recognition:
Our journey began with a deep dive into the challenges faced by industries, where we realized the massive gap in how waste was being managed After meeting with multiple industrial companies and learning firsthand about the waste management issues they faced, we recognized an urgent need for change This insight led to the idea for Kham We knew we had something unique, but we wanted to refine our vision and make it a reality So, we participated in the Industrial Development Pioneers Hackathon in 2024, an event that brought together experts and innovators from different backgrounds Through hard work, research, and invaluable input from industry consultants, we were able to refine our concept and make it a viable solution Our dedication and persistence paid off when we emerged victorious, winning first place at the Hackathon This recognition not only validated our concept but also provided us with the platform and resources we needed to take Kham to the next level It has opened doors for us, allowing us to continue refining our model and moving closer to turning our vision into a global movement
Future Vision:
By 2026, Kham will officially be thriving, making a significant impact on the way industries view waste. Our goal is to inspire a paradigm shift, showing the world that waste is not the end of a process it is the beginning of something new. We envision a future where industries don’t just mitigate their waste —they transform it into valuable resources that benefit the environment and the economy. With our innovative approach, we aim to be at the forefront of the global effort to create a cleaner, more sustainable world. With this sight , Kham is poised to lead the way in shaping a world where sustainability is not an afterthought but a guiding principle in every industry’s operations.
We, Sufanah Almahfoudh, Fatimah Aljaafari, Khadijah Aljaafar, Nouf Almelihi, and Alaa Bahobail, are college students with a shared passion for sustainability While we may not be the typical voices you see in magazines like this, we promise to change that narrative We believe that our dedication, innovative mindset, and commitment to solving the waste crisis make us an integral part of the future of sustainable development We are not just dreaming of change we are actively building it The journey is just the beginning, and with the support of forward thinking industries and innovators, we are ready to make a lasting impact on the world
Kofi Annan, Former Secretary-General of UN
“The world is reaching the tipping point beyond which climate change may become irreversible. If this happens, we risk denying present and future generations the right to a healthy and sustainable planet – the whole of humanity stands to lose.”
Steel Structures as a sustainable choice for Construction
Author:
Taha Waked
Civil Engineer specialized in Steel Passionate about sustainability and green buildings. LEED AP, Mostadam AP, GRI Reporting
Sustainability has moved beyond being just a buzzword; it is now a global necessity The construction industry, as one of the largest consumers of natural resources and contributors to environmental impact, still the core of countries development
Traditionally, steel structures have not been perceived as a go-to option for green buildings This is largely due to the steel industry’s historical association with high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. However, as sustainability has become a defining factor in modern construction, steel structures are being re-evaluated A closer look reveals that steel structures, when designed and produced using modern methods, can be a compelling choice for sustainable construction
Why Steel Structures?
Steel structures are recognized for their ability to cover wide spans with relatively low weight. This unique capability makes them an ideal solution for numerous applications, including hangars, warehouses, manufacturing facilities, low-rise commercial buildings, and more Together, these applications represent a significant share of the construction industry
Moreover, steel structures provide several inherent advantages in terms of sustainability Their design and construction processes offer opportunities to minimize environmental impact while maintaining high performance and flexibility.
Sustainability at the Raw Material Level
The journey toward sustainability begins with raw materials, and steel is no exception Traditional steel production processes, such as those relying on blast furnaces, have long been criticized for their energy intensity and emissions. However, advancements in production technology have introduced “Green Steel,” which is revolutionizing the industry.
Green Steel is primarily produced using Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF), a method that relies on clean energy and incorporates high percentages of recycled materials This approach drastically reduces CO2 emissions, helping steel manufacturers support green building initiatives. Projects pursuing sustainability certifications, such as LEED or Mostadam, can benefit from steel with Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and recycled content certifications. These credentials provide assurance that the materials used align with stringent environmental standards
Sustainability in Manufacturing and Construction
Steel structures are fabricated off-site in controlled environments and then assembled on-site, offering efficiency in time, cost, and resource use. Here’s how steel structures can contribute to sustainability:
High Recycled Content: Steel structures often use a significant percentage of recycled steel, both pre- and post-consumer This reduces the need for virgin materials Moreover, the manufacturing process generates minimal waste, as scrap steel is collected and reused, ensuring that no steel ends up in landfills.
Material Traceability: Steel structures are manufactured under stringent quality control standards. Every step in the production process, from raw material sourcing to final assembly, is recorded and traceable This level of transparency not only ensures quality but also allows stakeholders to measure and document the environmental impact of their projects
Reduced Waste: Precision in steel fabrication minimizes material waste during both manufacturing and construction. Components are designed to fit exactly, reducing the need for on-site adjustments. This results in virtually zero waste on construction sites, which significantly contributes to waste diversion goals.
Enhancing Building Performance with Steel
Steel structures offer several features that enhance the overall sustainability of a building, making them a versatile choice for green construction:
Thermal Performance and Roofing: Steel buildings typically feature large roofing panels that can reduce the heat island effect These roofs can also incorporate advanced insulation systems, improving thermal performance and reducing heating and cooling demands
Energy-Efficient Systems: Steel structures are well-suited for the integration of renewable energy systems, such as solar panels. Their large roofs provide an ideal platform for these installations, helping buildings achieve on-site renewable energy.
Natural Lighting: Steel’s strength and flexibility enable the design of large spans and open spaces, allowing for integration of windows and skylights This maximizes the use of natural light, enhancing occupant comfort and reducing reliance on artificial lighting
Water Management: Steel buildings by design incorporate rainwater harvesting systems, which contribute to water conservation and storm water management. These systems help reduce site runoff and provide when properly collected an alternative water source if needed.
Low-VOC Materials: The coatings and protective paints used in steel structures often meet or exceed recommendations for low volatile organic compound (VOC) content This improves indoor air quality by reducing pollutants
Quick Assembly and Less Site Disturbance: Steel structures are designed for fast assembly, which minimizes site disturbance. This reduces noise, dust, and other pollution associated with construction activities, resulting in a cleaner and safer environment for surrounding communities.
Steel Structures and Green Certifications
By aligning with sustainability goals, steel structures can contribute to earning credits in the following categories:
Construction Activity Pollution Prevention
Rainwater Management
Heat Island Reduction
Outdoor Water Reduction
Indoor Water Reduction
Optimize Energy Performance
Renewable Energy
Environmental Product Declaration
Sourcing of Raw Material
Material ingredients
Construction and Demolition Waste Management
Low emitting Materials
Daylight
Quality views
In conclusion, steel structures with their modern advancements and alignment with green building principles, can provide a pathway to achieving this vision By making informed choices, the construction industry can lead the way in building a more sustainable world.
“It’s not that the world hasn’t had more carbon dioxide, it’s not that the world hasn’t been warmer. The problem is the speed at which things are changing. We are inducing a sixth mass extinction event kind of by accident and we don’t want to be the ‘extinctee.”
Bill Nye, 'The Science Guy'
Dentistry & Sustainability: Sijam’s Story
Dentistry, as articulated by the World Dental Federation (FDI), recognizes the need to integrate sustainable development goals into daily practices This aligns with the broader goal of transitioning to a green economy to promote healthy lives and well-being for all When we talk about sustainability in dentistry, we are essentially focusing on providing dental care in a way that is environmentally friendly and socially responsible, all while upholding the highest standards of patient care. In the pursuit of Vision 2030's ambitious environmental and health goals, Sijam is revolutionizing dental practices with the development of two initiatives
One crucial aspect that requires careful consideration pertains to the essential requirements for dentists to safely remove and dispose of mercury from patients; Similarly, as environmental specialists, is how imperative is to ascertain the necessary measures for effectively capturing mercury to ensure comprehensive protection of wastewater treatment plant through our dental practices The initiatives are:
1 - Segregation of non-medical waste
2 - Reducing health and environmental mercury Pollution:
Our Impact:
1.- The healthcare system contributes to about 4-5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In Saudi Arabia, there are more than 5,229 dental clinics, and a single person generates 1 7-1 8 kg of plastic waste per day The number of dentists in Saudi Arabia is 19 099,8 kg Only 15 To 20% of the total healthcare waste is hazardous while the vast majority of waste is general There is no general waste segregation. We are very proud to the first in the healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia, leading with our sustainability initiatives aimed at creating a future that safeguards both health and the environment.
2 - Reducing health and environmental mercury Pollution:
Health: Dental amalgams contains 50% mercury, mix with aa 33% of silver, among other metals Once silver filings (mercury fillings, a hazardous waste placed in patients mouth are removed without protection, 80% of Mercury vapor is absorbed from the lungs. Mercury vapors can cross the bloodbrain barrier. It is bio-accumulative in the body. It is linked to health issues like neurobehavioral functions, Alzheimer's Disease, Autism, Cardiovascular Disease Sijam “Smart Clinic” and protocols, protect patients, dentists, and staff from its mercury vapors
Children with dental amalgam fillings in Riyadh exceeded the acceptable reference limits of mercury in their bodies contributing with a Low IQ levels in children of six years old. Environment:
Environment: The dental sector uses 340 tons of mercury annually, and an estimated 100 tons enter the waste stream each year, polluting the environment Mercury is the most toxic global pollutant nonradioactive in the planet Even if there Is a lack of research, In Saudi Arabia, mercury waste levels are 900% above the permissible limits in wastewater. The soil is polluted with Mercury. It will reduce environmental pollution by segregating our general waste, it will enhance well-being of the citizens by removing hazardous waste (mercury fillings) from the mouth. The procedure for the safe removal mercury silver fillings (dental amalgams) is a cautious process that requires dedicated time Within some procedures, The Doctor certified in the protocol must do:
1. Preliminary Evaluation: Before performing the removal, we evaluate with CBCT scan, necessary patient exams, and the dental health of the patient.
2. Use of Drainage and a high-Aspiration used to reduce the release of mercury vapors and particles We also employ a special drainage system in Sijam to collect the remnants of the material
3 Tooth Isolation: The use of a special rubber dam type of material recommended to isolate the tooth and prevent the ingestion of amalgam fragments.
4. Removal Technique:The dentist uses specific instruments to fragment and remove the amalgam in large pieces, which reduces the amount of fine particles that may be released.
5 Personal and Patient inhalation Protection Use
6 Waste Management: Amalgam remnants must be disposed of properly, following local regulations regarding the handling of hazardous materials
7. Filling: After removing the amalgam, the dentist can proceed to restore the tooth with suitable materials, such as biocompatible and white materials.
While pioneering in the Kingdom with our initiatives and mercury pollution reduction This innovative approach contributes with SDG 3, and SDG 6
Key Strategies:
* Advanced Waste Segregation: Implementing precise filtration and collection methods to prevent mercury from entering water systems
* Sustainable and Enhancing Wellbeing: Promoting mercury-free dental protocols and technologies that minimize environmental and health risks
* Professional Training: Educating dental professionals about proper mercury safety protocols and handling and disposal techniques.
Impact Highlights:
- Reduces environmental mercury pollution
- Supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- Enhances overall public health and environmental well-being
- Positions Saudi Arabia as a leader in sustainable healthcare practices
Our efforts have been recognized with two prestigious awards: One in India, marking us as the first dental clinic in Saudi Arabia to make a significant impact through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and the other, an Eco Guardian Award, received at the 2024 National Center for Environmental Compliance Forum. These accolades underscore our commitment to Vision 2030, reflecting our pioneering initiatives as a model for positive environmental and societal impact.
Sijam's groundbreaking initiative targets this hidden environmental challenge by implementing comprehensive mercury management protocols Not only addresses critical environmental concerns but also sets a new standard for responsible healthcare By reimagining dental care through an environmental lens, Sijam is not just treating teeth they're healing the planet, one filling at a time.
The "Your Story Matters" section of the Saudi Sustainability magazine is a compelling platform committed to sharing the experiences and initiatives of individuals and organizations who are driving positive change towards a sustainable future in Saudi Arabia Serving as a powerful medium for inspiration and education, this section features in-depth interviews, success stories, and thought-provoking narratives that shed light on the innovative solutions and sustainable practices being implemented across various sectors in the Kingdom.
From stories of individuals leading impactful environmental projects to businesses adopting sustainable strategies, "Your Story Matters" showcases the diverse range of efforts taking place to address environmental, social, and economic challenges in Saudi Arabia. It aims to create a sense of pride and motivation, encouraging readers to contribute to the sustainability movement and find ways they too can positively impact their communities and the environment. Through this section, Saudi Sustainability magazine reinforces the idea that every individual's story matters and plays a crucial role in shaping a sustainable future for the country
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