ﻣﻌﻬﺪ إﺳﻼم اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ )إﻣﺎم(
ﺃﻨﺸﺊ ﻓﻲ ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ 1991ﻡ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﻟﻸﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ.
ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ-:
* ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺘﻴﻥ )ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﻥ(. * ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ . * ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺼﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ . * ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺩﺭﺱ ﻟﻠﻁﻼﺏ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ . * ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ .
ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ :
-1ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺩ ) ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ (. -2ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ. -3ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ) ﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ (. -4ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ) ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ،ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ، ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ (. -5ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ) ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻗﻲ ،ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺸﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ ،ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻐﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻤﻴﺔ (.
ﺗَﻔﻜﱡــﺮ ( 1425/ 2004)
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א " ﺗﻔﻜﱡﺮ" ﳎﻠﺔ ﳏﻜﹼﻤﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ )ﺇﻣﺎﻡ( ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ )ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ( ،ﻭﻬﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ .ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﹼﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ : ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ ،ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﱐ ،ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ،ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ،ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﺵ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺎﺕ . ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﲝﺎﺛﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻠﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ : ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﲞﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ. ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﻭﺱ . ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ . ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ . ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ . ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﻓﻖ ﻛﻤﻠﺤﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ )ﻻ ﻳﻨﺸﺮ( . ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻬﻧﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ . ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﳏﻔﻮﻇﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺹ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ )ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ 98ﺃﻭ 2000ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ 98ﺃﻭ . (2000 ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ. ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻪ ﻭﻓﺎﻛﺴﻪ ﰲ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ . ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻜﻤﲔ ﲣﺘﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ،ﻭﻟﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﲢﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﲤﺲ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ . ﲢﺠﺐ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﲔ ،ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ . ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﲝﺠﻢ )(A- Four ﻭﺗﺮﻓﻖ ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ . ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ ﺑﺎﺠﻤﻟﻠﺔ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ . ﲤﻨﺢ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﶈﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ. -
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א
א א א א א אאאאאא אאאא Kאא א א א אא א א אאאא א אא K אאאאאא א א א א א א א אKאא אאא א א א א א א אא،אאאא אאא אא F E א אF ، Eא אא אאEאאFKא אF ،אא
א 1425200416 ، אאא אEאא אא א אא א א אאא Kאאאאא אאאאא אאאאא אאא אאאKKא א אאאאא אאא אא Kא אאאאא ،אאאאא Kאאאאא אאאאא אEאאאא אFא אאאאא א אאאא
א
אא
א א א א א א א א אאא Kא אFא אא א Eא אF א Eא א א א א א Kא א א א א א א א א ،אאאאא אא א אאאא אאאאאאא K אFאאא אא אאאא Eא א א ،א א אאאא אא،א אאא אא Kא
א 1425200416 ، אא א ، א א א ،א אאאEאFאא Kאאאאאא אאאאא Kאאא אא אאאאא،א ، אאאאא אאאאאא אאאא K א
אאאא E FאאK א ، אאאאא ، אאאאE1Fאא א אאאאאאאאא אא،אאאא אאאאאא K אאאא אא،אאא،א KE2Fאא Kאא،א،א،E F ،אאE110Fאא، ،א אאE1F אאא،E227Fא،א KE298Fאאאאא א،אאאאאE2F K133،אאאא،אאW
אא 1425200416 E)אאא אאאא E1FE) א ، EFאאאאא KE2Fאאאא אאאאאא אאאאא ،א، אאKא،אא ،אאאא א،א ،אאא،אאא ،אאאא،אאא Kאאאאא
?W E656Fאאא(1) W،א،א ،6L2אא،אאW אK? אאאא Kא،אאאאא אאא?WE638FאE2 F K456L3،אא،אK?،،
אאאאאא Wאא –א ?E1F?אא?KאWא WKE2FאאEאFKאEFW–א WאאK?8א،א?א אאKE3F KE4F אאאאWאא ،א،אא، ،אא א، א،אא Kאאאא،א אאE5Fאא KE6FאאאWא W ،אא،E817F א555L12،א،E711FאE1F K1498 K253،אWאאE2F K797L3،אWאE3F K131–130L1،אאWE4F ،630،אא، אאאE5F KE711F، אאאאא،אא K230L1אאאWא K555L12،א،אE6 F
אא 1425200416 KE1Fאאאא ،אאWאWE2Fא ،אאאW ،אאאאK א א אKE3Fאא אאאאא Kאא אWאWא ،אW א،Wא، א א W ،?12א،א? א א KE4FWא אאאאאWאא ،א، אאW א KE5Fאא
E876–875L2،אאWאK566،אא،אאE1F אא?،730،אא אא E2F E338F،אא،אWאKא816א،? K351Wאאא،אWא،491 J489W K15،אאWאKWאK25،א،אE3F K535،אאE4F K13،אWאאE5F
אאאאאא אאאאא א אאאFWE)אא E2F?אאא?אWE)KE1FEאא א WאFWאאא KE3FEאא، אא אאאא אאאאאאא Kאאאאאא אאאWאאאא ،אאאא، KE4Fאאא،אאאאא ،א،אWאא אאא א ،א،א،א ،E6983F،א،א،،אE1F K1755 ،E6984F،אא،א،،אE2F K1755 ،אא،א،אאKאאE3F ،א… ?WאK1763،E7017F א–K?…א،א،א K1134،E5798F،אאא– K231–230L2،אאWE4F
אא 1425200416 אא ،א،א،א KE1Fא،אא אאאאאא ،אא، Kאאא،אא אאאא א אאא Kאאאאאאא Wאאא אאאאאא אאאאא،אא Kאא אאא Wאא ؟אאאאא J1 ؟אאאאא J2 אאא J3 ؟אא ؟אאא J4 K231L2،אE1F
אאאאאא אאאאא אאKאאא אאאא אא א אאאאא Kאא ؟אאאאW E1Fאאאאא אאא KE2Fא אא אא،אא אאאא אא KE3F
א450، אאא E1F ،א،אאא،א אאWאKE505FK?א??א?א?א? K170 J168L9אאאWא،13 J10L4 K36L4،EאאאF،אWאאE2F K136،אאאאWEאFKE3F
אא 1425200416 אאאאאאא אא،אאא א ،אא–– Kאאא אאאאאאא WE1F ،אאאא? אא،א K?אאאא،אא ،אאא،אא? K?אאא،אא،א אא ،אאא Wאא ،،א،אF KE3FE?אא?אWE2Fא
K11،EאאFאאאWאאE1F ،א،21،א،אאאאE2F אW אKE110F،א،אא K73 J69L2،E156Fאא،254L1אאא K11W،א،אאE3 F
אאאאאא ،אא?W אא א א، א،אא،אא KE1F?אאאא،א Wאא?Wאאא אK؛א،אא א،אא،אא KE2F?אאא، אא אאאאא אא–אא،אא אאא–אאא ،אאאא KE3Fאאאאא א אא ،אא،אא אKאאא אאא אאאא
K12W،אE1 F K12W،אE2 F E127،אאWאKאE3F
אא 1425200416 אאא، Kאאאאא؛ WאW אאאא ،אא،אא אא،אא K ،אא אאא ،א אאאאא א אאאא א ،א،אWאKE1Fא אא،אאW،אאאKא KE2F?אאאא?WאאKאאא אאאא ، א، Kאאא
K153،אאWWאE1F K470،אאWאE2F
אאאאאא אאאא ، אאאE1Fא ?W אאאאא KWא،אWא KWא،Wא KE2F?אאאWא،אW אאאא א אאא אאאKאאא אא א ، א ، א ، א ، א ، א א KE3Fא،א Wאאאאא W אא א אאא אא
א،א،אא،470،אאE1F אא، אא،אא، K189L4אאWאKE561F K161L2،אאWאאאE2F K591،אאאאאא،אKWאE3F
אא 1425200416 אאאאא Kאאאא אאאאWא א ، א ، א ، א ، א ? W א א KE1F?א،א،א ،אאאאא אא אאאאא אאא?W،א אאE2F ، א אאא KE3F?אאאאא
K182L2،אWאWאE1F KאאאW ?אאאE2F K אW KאW K129،א،אKאW K21،אא،אWאE3F
אאאאאא אא אאאאא אאאא KE1Fאאאאאאא אא אא،א –– E2F אאא אא אאא،אאא אאא،()א א،אא Kאאאאא WאאאW א ،אאא א אאאאא א، אאאאאE1F א ?W אא،א،אא KKK א א،א אאאאא אאאאאאא K293L1،א،E795FאWאK?א א،אWWאאאאE2F K188،Eא
אא 1425200416 E1Fא א א א K?אא?אא אאאאאאאא א א אא א א א א אאKאאא،א Wא،אKאKאWאא?W ، ،א ،א KE2F?K،אא א،אאא K،אאאK א،?א?אאא אאK،אא KE3F،،،א، אא ،א אאאאא
א? ،א،אE1F Wא،E751F،אא،?אא???א?א K56L6א،168L6אא K165L3،אאWאאWאE2F K44،אאא،אWאE3F
אאאאאא א אKאא Wא ،W • א، ،אא אאא KE1FEאאF אא،אאWEאFא• א א א،אאאא אאאFאא KE2FE ،א אא ،א א? EאFאאא ،אא ،،א KE3F?אאא אאWאאא
•
، א אאאא WאKK14–13،אאאWאאWאE1F K150–149،אאאאא K547L1،אאWאE2F K44L3،אא،אKWאE3F
אא 1425200416 אאא، אא Kאא،א KE1FEאאFאאא KE2Fאא אא אאא אאאא א،א אא،אאאא אא،אא Kאאא Wאאאא אאא אאאאאאאא E)אאא?WאE3Fא،א אא KE4F?אאאאאא K5L3،אאWאE1F K51،אאאWאE2F ،661،אאאאאאאE3F WאKE728F،?א?א? אא??א?W K49 J28L1אאא83Wאא،א K274L11،אWאE4F
אאאאאא ،אאאאאא אאא א?Wאאא ،אא،،،א KE1F?،אאא،א א?W א KE2F?KKאא،אאא אאאאא אא، אאאאאא א()אאא אE3F א، KE4FE)א
K226L3،אאWאאE1F אW ،166L3،אאWאאWאא،E2F K133،אאWא ،א א،،WאE3F אאא،אא א،אWאKE30Fאא K3–2L2،E3034F،אא،א ،אא،אא،162L1،אאאE4F K12L1،E67F
אא 1425200416 אאאאאא אאאא Kאא אאאאאאא אאאאאא אא،א،א ?WE1F אאא KE2F?אאא ،אא،אאאF א،אאא KE3FE ،א אאאא אאאK Kאאא
אא?W،אE1F K?אאאאא אFאWא 65L1، אWאא،8L13،אK261،Eאא K K،EאFE2F K514،אאWאאאE3F
אאאאאא אאאא ()א KE)אא א،אא،אא אאא،אאאא א ،E1F אא אא אאאאא ،EFאEאF אEFא،E)EF אא،EF KאאEF KE2Fאאאא E Fא א?W א ،אא ،א אא،אא KE3F?א، א، Wאאאא Kאאא J1 Kאאאאא J2 KE226–225L11F،אWאWאE1F K515،،אאאE2F K159L4،אאאWאאE3F
אא 1425200416 Wאאא ،א א אא א،אא ،،،،،א ،אא Kאאאא אא א،אאאא א א، K אא א،א ،א אאאא אאאאא W ،אא אא،אאWאאW אאאאאEאאF א،E1FEאאאאאF 164א،א א … W،אא אאא، Kא
K37L1،אאWאאE1F
אאאאאא … Wאאא 163א،א א א אא … א א W אאK אאא?51א،א? ،E1F ،א،א ،Eא،،F אאאא K א אKאאאא ، אאא אאא، אאKאאא K
K39L1،אאWאאE1F
אא 1425200416 אא ?Wא E1Fא אאאאא،אאא ،אאא، ،אא،אK، KE2F?א WאW אאא،אאאא אאאא א KE3FEאאFאא אאא Wאא ،אאא J1 א،א Kא
אא،אאאא אWאE1F ،? א?? אא? ?…א،א،אאא ،אא،אא،אא،790א K231L1،אאא،אK49–46 K248L4،אאאא،א،אא K83L4،אאWאE2F K50،44–43L1،،אאE3F
אאאאאא א،אאאאא J2 אאא،א א אאא אאאאאאK אא ،א W ?؟ ?W א،E1Fא KE2F?אW? אא،אא א J3 אאא אאאאא )אאאאאאא אKE3FE Kאא،אאא אאאאא אא،א א ،אא אאא ،אאאא אאKא K109L1،אאWאאWאE1F K276275L2،אא،אWא،200L4אא،אאאWאE2 F E653،אWE3F
אא 1425200416 ، KE1Fא Wאאאא א،אאא אא،אא Kאאא،אא אאאא K אאאאא ()א()אWEFאW א ()אWE2F ?Wא،E3F?א،אאא?W א،E4F?…א،א ،אאEאFאא
K477L10،אWאE1F א، אאאאא E2F 194،אאאאאאא א –אאK א256 K188L4 ،E6993F،א()،א،אE3F K1758 K1758،E6994F،אE4F
אאאאאא א ()א K אאא KE1Fאא א אאאאא ؟אאK ، אא WאאW ،א… ?W()א() KE2F?…א،א،א אאאא ?W () אW () א KE3F?אאW؟אאאKאאא אאאWאW ،אאKאא ،אאא Kאא()א
K682،א،() אאאאE1F – ?אאא?–א–E2F K1134،E5798F K1756،E6990F،אא،א،אE3F
אא 1425200416 ،א، אאאא אא، ،אאא ،،א אאKE1Fא KE2Fאא אא אאא،، א א?W()E3Fא، KE4F?א KE5F ،א אאאא אאאאא א،א، א אא،א K51L1،אאWאאE1F K242L2،אאא،אE2F אא،،אאאאא E3F א()،אא،א אKאא34،א K356–355L2،E1380F،א אאא،272L2،E3265F،אאאאE4F K174L7אאא،390L1،אאא K266L1،אאWאE5F
אאאאאא אאאאא، K،א Wאאא אאאאא אאאאאאא אא،אא Kא،א WEאFאW ، ،، J1 KE1Fאאא ،אא، J2 אאא א،אא Kא אאאאא J3 אאאא ،א KE2Fאאאא אא J4 אאאKא K48،אWאE1F K19L3،אWאאE2F
אא 1425200416 אאא،אא אאא א،אא Kא،א ،א ?WE1Fאא KE2F?א،אא ،אאא،אאאא?WE3Fאא E4F?א ،אא אא ?W KE5F?،،א()א אאא Kאאא אא K،אWEאFאאE1F אא،–א–א?WאKאא K54L א?א?WאKא אא ،אWא320אאאא K105L1 K497،אWאאאE2F א?W،898WEאFאאE3F אאK?אא??אאא WאאK973KW K332–331L4،א K661،א،E4F K60–59،א،א،אאE5F
אאאאאא WאW אא W א،אאאאא W،א א،אא J1 אא،()א،אא ،א ()אא،אאא Kאאא א?WE1Fאאאא Wא KE2F?אא א J2 א K ،––אאא J3 אאאא Kאא אKE215F،אאאאWEאFאאאE1F K293L3،אW K210L11،אWאE2F
אא 1425200416 א אאא EאFEאF،א אא אאאא() Kא،אאא א אא ،אאא،א א ،אאא Kאאאאא
אאאאאא אאא Kאא
•
– אא–אא–א،א J1 K2000–1421–1L–– א א ، א א ، אא ، א J2 KK،،،א ، א – E 728 F א א א J3 אאא –א –אא א א Jא ،1381 – 1L – K1329 א–א–אאא–، א J4 K1988–1409–1L–א– –א –E816Fאא ، א J5 1938 – 1357 – א ، א א KK–אא–אאא –EאאFאא – ، J6 K1992–1L–––אא א _E 597 F א א ، א א J7 K1940–1359–1L،،،א–אא
אא 1425200416 –אא –אאE571Fא ، א J8 KK، –אא –אW –א _________ J9 K1993–1413 –E852F א،א א J10 K1978–1398––אא–אא ، א א א א ، א ، א J11 KK،אאא،אא،אא א א J א א א א ، א J12 – א א א – א K1998–1L–אאא אא،E320Fא ،א א J13 ،،،אא،אK،()א K1992،1L Fא א، א J14 א –K –א א –E681 – א א 1978 –1398 – – KK J
אאאאאא א ،E509 F אא א ،א J15 ،،אאא،א،א K1986،1L، –א JE748Fא א J16 K1994–1414–10L–––א –א –אאא א ، א J17 – –אא –K1963 – 1382 – 1L –א K1984–1410–1L– ––אא א א–א –א ، א J18 K1961 –אא–א–א،א א J19 KK–– Fאאאאא، א א J20 א ،א ،א ،E795 K293L1،1372،א،א ،אאא،אאW א J21 KE1372F3L،א 5L – –א אא –א –א، א J22 K1984–6L
אא 1425200416 א–E395Fא،א א J23 ––– א–אא– K1986–1406–2L אאא א –א، א J24 –1412 – 1L – א א א – א – א – 1992 – א א א א א – א ، J25 K1972––א،אא אא –אא –א، א J26 K1983–1403،،،א א JE911Fאא،א J27 KK–––אאא–אא F א א א ، א J28 –،،אאא–אאא JE790 – א א ، K ، ،א א א W ،1969 – א – KK אא،E973Fא ،אא J29 KK،א–אא–
אאאאאא אא–E1250F،א J30 א––אא–אאKאא K1998–1419L––אא – – א א – א א – ، J31 K1994–1414 אא – אK –א، א J32 K1960L–א–א–א–א K1978–א–אאא–א–، א J33 – – א א – א – ، J34 K1986–1406–1L– א –E463Fאא،א א J35 אא –א K1995–1415–1L––אאא–א ، א א א W א J36 א א אא א א ، א א KE1983–1403F،א،אאא ،אא אאWא א J37 KE1986–1406F J3L،א،א،א אא א – J38 K1995–1415–3L–א–א–א
אא 1425200416 –א–אא–אא א J39 ، ،א א ،א א KK، אאאא –א، J40 K1996–2L–א–אא–א א J אא –א،אא א J41 KK–2L–––א – א – E 505 F ، א א J42 K1957–1377–א–אא EאאאFאא،אא J43 K1972–א–א– א – א א א ،א א J44 K1907––א–אא א F א א ،א א J45 – א W א – א K W Eא K1983–1403–1L–א–אא ،אא،E817Fא،א J46 K1987،1407،2L،،،א
אאאאאא ،E276Fאא،א J47 ،1393،،،אא،א،א K1972 אאאאא – ،א J48 – 1L _ א א א – א – א K1998–1418 – – א א – K ، א J49 K1994–1415–1L–א E751Fאא،א א J50 – א א – K1956–1375–א–אא–א ،אא،E418Fאא، א J51 K1992،1412،1L،א،א،אK – 2L – א – א א – א –א א א J52 K1986–1406 KK–3L،א،אא،אא Jאא J53 א א א א – א ، א J54 K1977–1397–אא א ، א א א ، J55 KK،،،א
אא 1425200416 –1L––– אא––א J56 K2000–1421 – א – א ، א א J57 – 1 L – א – א א – א – א K1973 א–א–E711Fא، א J58 K1990،1410،1L––– א – א א א – ، J59 – 1415 – 1L – א א א – – אא א K1995 א ،אאאא،E807F،،א J60 K1987،1407،،،אאא،א،א
אא אא EGFאאK ،א،אאא א،EFא،א EF א K א א אא K ،אאWWEFאאא W،א א?W ،א א א אאKWאא א אאא אאאאא אאאאאאאא א א אאKאא א א א א Kא אE1Fאא אKא אאWאKאאE2Fא Kאא،א،א، (*) ، א א ، אאWא(1) KK40،13،27111،K،،،אא،1אא ،،אאא،אא،אאWא(2) K269،262،201،1978
א1425200416 ، K אאאKאא אאא،אאא Kא א א א א אאא،אא א א א ،אאא אK א אא אאאא Wאאאא Wאא א ، א א،אאא K א ،אא،א،א א אאאא אאאאK א אאאאא אאWאאאאKאא KאאאאאKאא אאאאאא Kא
אאאא:אא א א א אאא Kא א א א א ، א א א אא א ، א א א א K א א א K א KאאאKאאא א K א א א א،א،אאא א א אא א K א K א אא א א א K א אאאאאאא א K אא א K אא Kאאאאאאא Wאא?א?אאאK א אא K א ، א א אאאא K א א א ، א א K א W אא
א1425200416 ، א א א א א א א K א א א אאא،א،א Kאאא אא א אא אא א א ?،אאKא א، א، אKKKK אא אא ? א? E1F? א א אאאאא אKאאאאK Kאאאאא ،אאא Kאאאא אאאאאאא W אK א א א אW?אW אאא E2F א אא אא Kאאא א א א?אאא?אאWאא ،34،11 א א،،אאWא(1) K6502א ،1986، א–אא–1،אא،אKWא(2) K171
אאאא:אא א א אאאE3F א ?WEF אא ، W אWEF J J،אא،א،א E1F? ، W؟ ، א אאאאWאאאא ، א אא א K?–? אאא אאWאא،א ، ، א EFא E2F אא אאא?W، אאא?Wא KאאאאאאE3F ،א א אא אאא א ، J J?אא א א א א א،1، א א، אWא(3) K37،1984–،א 46113، א א ،אאWא(1) K748א– אWא JאאאWאא(2) K???אא אא،א،א،אא (3) K262،1975אאאאא
א1425200416 ، ؟Wאא، ، ،WאאKE1F؟؟ אאאאK א אא ?W אא אE2Fאאא E3F?אאKKKאא אאאאא،?א?،?? ?Wאאאא ???E4Fאאא א א אא אא אא א א א K א א א א ?W א א אא א א א א ?W E5FKKK א ? א E6F? א א،129،11אא،אאWא(1) K6321 א א، א א א ، אאWא(2) K2721977א، ،،אא،אא،،א(3) K5121،1978 ،א אא، ، א(4) K340،2،1987،،אאא1، K301،3(5) K280–279،4،א(6)
אאאא:אא א א א E7F? א א W ? W א א ، א א ، א E1F? א א ، א א א Kאא ،אא E2F? אא?אא א אא א ?W ?KK א? א ، אאאא،، ?אא?KE3FKKK؟א אאאאא??אאאא Kא، א א א א א א אKא،W א EFא ?W א א א EF א א א K1987،4،(7) K117،1،אא(1) K712،4،א(2) K69،2،(3)
א1425200416 ، ، WKKK؟א?W W ،אW אא א אKE1F? א K א א א Kאאאאא א אאWאא؟א؟Wא?W Wא؟א ?W E2F? K?E3F، א א א א א ?W א K א א א א א E4F?א א א ، א ، א אא،א،אא א א א א K ،
אאאKא
א אא א א א E5F א،522،2، א א،אאWא(1) K1038 K120،1،Wא(2) א،384،13، א אאאWא(3) K7405 K4826א،5748(4) ،אא،אא،Wא(5) K12،1،1916א
אאאא:אא אא E6Fא، ?א?א W EF א … א W א א?W א א א W א W א א، א KE1F?אKKK ، א?Wא ?W אK WEFא ،? א א?Wאא ?אKKKWא،?אא א E2F? ?WאאE3F?א??אאאאא ، א אא א،، ??אאאE4Fא… א אא א?א א?א??אאE5F?…
אאאאא،אאWא(6) K26،1،1975א،אאא،א K1246،2،א(1) K208،3،א(2) ، א א אא، אא،אא(3) K225،1،1983،אאאא،א א،384،13،אא،אאWא(4) K7409 K548،5،א(5)
א1425200416 ، א ? ?א KE6F? ، א א א אא א א?W א ،א W؟?WאE7F?אKKK W؟WKKK א אאKE1F?אKKKא ، א ،א K אא،אאW א KE2Fאאאא א א אאאא א א אאאא ، ،،?W ،، ، א ، ، אאאKE3Fא? א K548،5،(6) K163،4،א(7) א،9 J8،11، א א،אאWא(1) K6408 אאאא،אא،אWא(2) K97،1،1330،،، K1994،4،(3)
אאאא:אא א א אאא،א ،א?W אאאאאאאא E4FKKK א א K א א א א אאא אאאא אא א א א Kא ? ?א א א Kא Kאא?Wא،א ، ??WאKKK Jאאא Jא Jאאא E1F?אא Jא א א?אאא אאאE2FאKKKא אא?א?،???א? אא א א Kא ???אא،א K643 J642،4،א(4) אK،אא،א،א(1) K184،184،1985،،،אא،6،א K25،5א(2)
א1425200416 ، ?W?אKKKא אE3F? W ? א ? אאאא א?אאKא ؟Wא،א ،WאW א א W א؟א، W א א ?WאKE1F?…א ????אאאאE2F…א אאא?אא K ، אאאWאא א?אW،אא KE4F אאאא،E3FאKK א א אא ،אא ، א א אא ?W ؟ W W אא K7509א473،אאאאWא(3) K387،6،(1) K619،4،א(2) K172،1،(3) K21،1،אאאא،אאWא(4)
אאאא:אא אKE5FאKKK א א א אאא אא א ، א، אאKאאאא אאאאא??אK אאאאאא،א א،Wאא?WEFE6F אאW،א א?אאא?E1F… אKKאא E2F אאא ?WאאK א אא،אKא א א،אW، אא،W،K אא אא،E3Fא… K3א،371،6،אאאאWא(5) K55،אא،אKWא(6) א،473،13،א א،אאW א(1) K7509 K1513،3،(2) K173،1،(3)
א1425200416 ، אאאאא،א א ،EF،אאKא ،אאאW א?،E4F?אKKK ?WאE5Fא ، ، ،אא ، א،אE1F?א، אאא אא، Wא؟W،אא?Wא א،אאאE2F? אא??א، ?Wאאאאא،א ،אW ،אאא ،אW،אא א،5،11،אא،אאWא(4) K6227 K267،5،א(5) א،440،13، א א،אאWא(1) K7454 K1207،23،א(2)
אאאא:אא אא؟WWאא ?א?W،אאWאא، E3F?א אW א ، א אא Kאאא Wאאאאאא J א Wא، א א אאאאאWא،אאא א ،אאאKא Kא،אאא، ،א،אא?Wא ،Wא، א א ، ،Wא،אW؟א W ؟א،Wא،אW؟א ،Wא،אW؟א،Wא،א א W ؟א
אאKאאאKE1F?
، ، א ،א אאא،א?Wא W،אWאא K1447،2،(3) K424–423،5،א(1)
א1425200416 ، ?W אאאKE2F?אא ،א אאא، אאאKKKאאא ؟ Jאאא
KKKאW א אE3FKKK
אאE1F?KKKא?W ، א א אאא،אאא
، א?WאאאWאא
W אKE2F?א אא،
אאאאא?אא? אא?אאKאאא
KE3FKKאאא
א J א …א W אאא E4F א? ?א ? ?אאא 209 J802،11،אא،אאWא(2) K6408א K2069،4(3) K579،5א(1) א303،6،אא،אאWא(2) K3209 K262،1א(3) א،128،11،אא،אאWא(4) K3621
אאאא:אא Kאא א ? א א אא אאאWEFא،א אKE5F?א، ،א א EFאKאא K אאאא א?Wאא،،א KE1F?אאWאאא א ،אאא،א אא K אאאאKאאא ،אא?Wאאאאא
א ?א KE2F אKKK
אE4FKKKKאאאא?E3FאKKK אא Jא Jא א،אאאאאא ، א אא ?W א אא K2،2א(5) א،551،8،א א،א אWא(1) K4812 K32א،453،13،(2) K3349א،386،6،(3) K3340א،371،6،(4)
א1425200416 ، W ، אW ، א W ، W Kא KKK ، א،،אאKKK KKK א W، א א KE1F W
W ،א،א
،א،אאא E2F?אאאא Kאאאא K ?Wאא
، E5F E4FE3F؟אא
א،אא،E7F،E6F
K694–693،4،א(1) K691،4،(2) ??א،א،אWאW(3) W א،אאא،אא،אW(4) K3102،אאא،אאא א ، א ، אא،W(5) K49،אאא،אא א،،אאWאW(6) K??א א،אאאאאWא،W(7) ?אW،א K?
אאאא:אא ، E8Fאא
KE10F?W،E9F، Kאאא EF אאאא،א א?WאW?E)א
אK……אא، E1F
،؟ א א،א?WאאEFאא E3F?K…KKKKK א א אE2Fא،א
?WEF א ، א א א א א א،، א?WEFא ،אאא
אאא E4F?
، א ، א W ، א א WW א (8) K69،2 אWאאאWאא،אא(9) K155،4،אאא،אאאWא K163،1(10) ،1516–515،8، א א،אאWא(1) K4780א K??א،אאאאאWא(2) 163،1،(3) K367،5،א(4)
א1425200416 ، א ، אא Kאא אאאאא אKא א א א אKא Kאא،אאKא ?Wאא،אא KE1Fאאא Wאאאאאא J K א א א א אאKאא??אא א א ? א??אKא אאאאKא، K?א?א?א? W، ،אWאאK1 ،אWאא،אא ،W א אאאKW ، א א אאאK،، ??W K K707،4،(1)
אאאא:אא ? ?W אא K ? ?א? W ، אא ? ، א א?א?K אא K א ? ? ? ،א?א K???? אא?? א?Wאאאאא ، א א KKKKאאא،אאW אאאאא?WאE1F?אא ، א א?W א KE2F?אאא א ، א א א א E3F? ?Wא?א? EF?? אE4F?אא א،، א אא א E5FאאאWאא K??אאאW(1) K??(2) אK،אאא،אWא(3) K??1970،אאאאא، K??(4) K?אאW(5)
א1425200416 ، א א אאא א א،אאא، א א?W א K אאאא אאא ، א K، א א א?W א KE1F? א ،WאאאאKKK KE3F? אאאKE2Fא אא،אא?Wאאא KE4F?،،א ، א א א א א א K א ، א א א א א א א א ? ? א א א א K א ، א ? א ، ?W א א K ?30 א א،אאאאא،אא(1) K77،1،1989،א W א،?? א א?א?(2) ،1986،אא،1،א،אא،א K94،1 K94،1،(3) ،אאא،א،אאא(4) K269،K،אא،אא
אאאא:אא ، ،?W א?W E5F? – ، א ?W א E6F؟ ، אא KE2F ، ?W א E1F J K א א ? א? א KE3Fא… ?Wאאא K E4F ؟ א ،?W א אא K E5F? ?W א ،א א א א א א א א אא K א א Kאאאאא ?א،?אWאאא אKאאאאאא ،אאאאא ، א א א Kאא،א K236،4،א(5) K1249،2،א(6) K117،1،(1) K2036،4،(2) א،33،6، א א א אW א(3) K326 K7449א،434،13،(4) K4830א،2579،(5)
א1425200416 ، ، א?א E6FאKא אאא،א ،?Wא،אא ؟ א W ؟א א،W،KKKKKKKK א א K א אE1Fא…؟ ، אא אא א א אאא ، א א א א א אאאא KEF EF א א אא ،אאW W ؟ ،?Wאאא א،W ، א K א א EF KKK א،،EF، אא?א?E2F? א EF אKאא K169،5،א(6) K1989،4،(1) K217،1،א(2)
אאאא:אא אאE3F?א،?WאKאא אאKא Kאא א אאא אאאא?אאK ، א א ?W ،א א א،אאא،אא J אא??אKE1Fא א א אא J אאאאא?Wאא KE2F?Wאא،אא KEF אאאא Kא،،אא Kאא??אאא W J JאWאא J2 א אא א ? א ? א א Kא א ، ، א א אK א K1332،2،א(3) K151،1971،אאא،7،א،(1) K77،אאאאא،א،א(2)
א1425200416 ، א א ? ? K א ،אאאK KKKKאW א ? ? א אא ، א א??K ? ? K א??، ? א ? א Kאא Kא??אא ،،Kאא ، אא?א?WאKאא ، אKKK EF א א E1F ، ، ??W א??אאאא א א K E2Fא א ? א ?א?א?אKEF??א Kא?א? א?Wא?KKK? ، א א ، א KK??א(1) K??(2)
אאאא:אא א א?W א KE3FKK א א KKK ، א אWא ،א א א ? ? E1F? א א א ? ? א K א א K E2Fא א א ?W א א א א ? ? אא Kא אאאאאאא א א ،אא?Wא Jאא?WאE3F?Wאא א א אאאWאKא J א א אKאא،א KE4Fא אאא א،א א، א א?Wאאאאאא
K??(3) א،א،א،،א(1) K??،1964א،אאא K??א(2) ،אאא،אאא(3) K9،4،K،،אא،אא K??،אאא(4)
א1425200416 ، אאאאא،E5F?א ،אאא،אWא?W ،،WאKEאFW W אא א אאא E?W א ، אWאאKא EW E41W F אW W אF א א א EWKKKE42WאF אאאKE63 אא ? א،א?Wא א ، א א אKאW א،אאKא ? א אאE1F K א??? K ? א?אא א K ، א W J Jא?Wא אW אKE2F? K479،אאא(5) K480 J479،(1) א،595،8، א א،אא(2) K4850
אאאא:אא ،אא?? אאאKא?? ،?Wאאאאא، KKK א א אא KאאאאאE1FאKK J א א Jא?א? E2F??אאאKאא ،א?Wאא WEFאEאאFאא Wא،EאאFWאאKEF א ،אKE3FKKKאWא،?? א א א K אאא א،?Wאא،EF KE5FKKE4F K1994،4،(1) ،אWK479،אאא،אאא(2) K107 J99،אאא K9295،1،(3) אאאW،אאאW،W(4) K254–253،3،אאאW K124،2،א(5)
א1425200416 ، אאאאאK א אאWאאא אא ،W ،א אKKK אאW א א KE6F KK؟ ?WE1F؟K אKKK ،W ? ? E2F א א אאאאKאאאאאא אאא،אK ?W אאKאא א، א ?W KE3F? ، א KE4F? א ،אא،אא?W א ، א א אאKE5F?א אאאKאא، ?Wא K ، ،אאאא K230،5،א(6) K19،3،א(1) ،209 J208،11،אא،אא(2) 6408א K6502א340،11،(3) K174،4،(4) ،242 J241،11،אא،אא(5) K6424א
אאאא:אא א ،א ،א ?W א E6F ، א،??E1F?אא אא Kאאא ? ،?Kאאאאאא א، א، א ،אא ، א، א،א א ، א אאKE2F،א ? א??א?אאא א אא Kאא אאא،אאא?א ،א א K אא KE3F?א،א، ?אא?אאא א،אאאא،אאK،א،(6) KK941–9402،1975، K3413א(1) א،340،11، א א ، א א(2) K6502 K755،1،א،א(3)
א1425200416 ، א א אאK א א K אאאאא אאאאKאא אאWא?WK ، אא، KKK אא KKKא KE1F אא??אא W א אאאאאאW K אWKאאאאW אאאWאKאא אE2FאאWאאא א E3F א א א אא אאאWא K?172 א א ? אא ، א א א אא، אאאא K9،אאא،אא(1) K37،אאא،אא(2) K115–94،W(3)
אאאא:אא אK א W K א ?60א?א א אאאאאא?א??א?אא EFאKאאאאK אאאKE4F?W אאאKאא אאאאאKאאאא אאאאK א א א א אאKא،א، אFEאFא א K א א א א אאאאאאKE ؛ א אאKא Kאא א Wאא??אאא3 ? ?א א א אא אאKאא??א אאאKאאאא אא ??אKא א W א K4312א26،8،אאאאW(4)
א1425200416 ، א אKאאאאא אKא،אEF K אא א א K א K א א? ?א אאאא א،אא،אאא W K א אא א WK?26אאא?אKK א אא ?אKKK א א ?… א W?27 א?W א אאאK?31אאא אאK א אW EF א א א אK א א KE1Fא אאאא אאאאKKKKKאW?Kאא אאאאKKKKKאאאאאא א،אאאאK א K א KK א ، ، א א א א، א ،אא(1) K469،5،1977،א،K،אאא
אאאא:אא אאאאאKKא א KאאאאKKא א א ،אאK، אאאאאאKE2F א J J א אK א א א אא،א א א א، אאאאאאK א אא K??אאא?? ?א?אאאא،אא א K א، א א א ، א אאאKE1F?א?Wאא، K אא، ، א?W א א K א א אא א K א א אKE2F? א، K4998א(2) K638،2،(1) K904،2،א(2)
א1425200416 ، אא?WאאK א אKE3F? א א، א، א ،?WאKאא KE4F?אW؟א Kא،א ،אא،אאא א E1F؟ ، א ? W אאK ، א א ، ، ، ? א א א אK א ،אאאאK?א א ?W ، א א א א ، ، ،א،אא E2F א ، ، א א אאא،אא א،357،11،אאאאWא(3) K6609 K424–423،5،א(4) 163،1،(1) K512،5،א(2)
אאאא:אא א א א א K א א ، א א אא ، א ، Kא א،אאאא E3F?،אא،א?W ،?אW KE4F? ، א?W ،אא ، ، אאאאאE1F? אא K، אאא ? ?א א K א א א א Kא EFאFW אא K אאאא ، W ،אWא ؟ W؟א W،א،א، K340،2،א(3) K28،2،א(4) K643–642،4،א(1)
א1425200416 ، ؟ א؟א ،W،אא؟ ، אW؟א אאאאאKE2FE ، אא،??א א،אאאא Kאא א א،א?א?אא א א ؟ ، ، ، א EF א FW EF KK… … א W EF א W ، א ، א א KE1F?א ،אFWאא א ، W ، ،אא،אאאW א א א א א K E2FE א KE3FEאא،אאאאFW K1989،4،(2) K903،2،א(1) א739،8،א،א،אאW(2) K4974 K4826א،574،8،(3)
אאאא:אא א،אאאא ؟אא، WEאFאאK א א א אאא אאא،אאא א א Kאאאאא WאאאאKא א אא אKK، Wא אאKאאא Kאאאאא אKאאאאאאא אאKאא،א EFא ،EF א א א،א ، W ؟ W א ،אאFW W ؟אWW؟אW א אאWא،א אאKE1F א א ، אא ،? א? אאא K אא א אאא K3،3،א(1)
א1425200416 ، Kאאא?א?אא Kאאאאא א?א?אא،א אא אא، א K א Jא،אאאאאא אאאא،א،א אאאאא،אא א، א ، א אWא ، א א، א، א، א אא א، א، אאא،אא ،אאאאא،אא אא،EFא،EFא אאא،،א ،אאאאאא،א،א אאא،אא،אא א،אאאא ،א،אא אK א،אאא،אאא א אאא،אא،א א א ، א ،א،א،
אאאא:אא ، א א א، א אאאא ،א،א،אא،א،אא א،אאאא،א אא،אא،אא،אאא א،אא،אאאא אאא،אאא، אאאEFאאאא א، א א אא،א אאא، אא،אא אאאא، אא א K אא א א K א א אא ،אאאאא א K א אא KKא א אא א א אא ،אאאאאא א،אאKאא אאאאKאאא אא Kא
א1425200416 ، א אאאאא א Jא Jא Kא אא ،אא ?א?אאKא אא אKE1Fאאא ? אא א? א א א FW אאאFE2Fאאא אKE1FEאאאא KE2Fאאאאאאאא א،אא Kאאא אאאא E3Fאאאאא ،אאאאאא Kאאאאאאא ،223،11Wא،58،7،6،10،א،אW(1) –284،11א،129،18Wא374،5،א K292 K10،10، (2) K15،10،(1) K10،10،(2) א א א، אKWא(3) K52،45،K،אאא،אא
אאאא:אא אאאאא ?W אאE4FWאאא א א א?אאE6FאE5F? אE8FKE7Fאאא،א E9FאKKK?Wא א? KKK?W א אE1F W אא ?W אאKKE2F KאאE3F? אאאא א א א א، א אא א،אאא،
،א،،אאא،א،אWא(4) K147،1985א،אא א ، 384 ، 13 ، א א ، א אW א (5) K7405 K68،אאאWאWא(6) K59،3،א(7) K89،אאאWא(8) K7405،384،13،אא،אאWא(9) K89،אאא(1) א،353،8،אא،אאWא(2) K4685 K89،אאא(3)
א1425200416 ، ?W א אKE4F? א א א Wא אאאאWE5F? E6Fא ?Wאאאאא א א ، א אא، אאאאKE7F?אKKKK Kאאא،א KE1Fאאאאאאא WאאEאFK Kאאאא א א אא?Wא،אא … א א א א אא ، אאWאא א א א،א ،1،אא،א،،א(4) K90،1991،،אאא،אאאא K549،5،א(5) K145،א،אWא(6) א،340،11، א ،א،אאWא(7) K6502 K145–90،אWאW(1)
אאאא:אא אא،אאאאא אא?WאאE2F?אא אKאW ،אאאא אאאאאאאKKאא – – א ،אאאאאאא אא?א?א،א אאאE3F?אאא אK א אאא W EFאאא ? א ?EF?א J א KE1F?،א א אא J א KEFא אאאא EFאאא ، אא،א،،،א(2) K68،1982،אא K4،1،אאא،אאאWא(3) K68،1،א،א(1)
א1425200416 ، אאE2F? אKKKK א ?אWא אאאאאא א K א א אאא Kאאאא ، א אאאא אאאאאאאEFאא א K א א ?W א אאאאKא K ،אאא א א א אא אאאKאEF אKאאאא ، אא אא،א א א א א א א א א א، K אאאאאאאאא אאאא ، … ،א?א KK אא،W א،،א،א(2) K1351،،1984،א،אאא
אאאא:אא ؟א ؟ ،אא W E1F?>אא،W ?Wא–א، ?אאא KE2F?אא?W W א ?W،EFא? א ، א ،WWא،? W ، W E1F? אא אא אW א?W א א ?؟ ?W אאW אW،א??E2F? א، ،א ، אאא KE3F? אW א ?W א ?Wאאא K175–174،1،(1) אאא،אאאWא،4522אWא(2) K27،3، K253،1،א(1) K176،2،אאאאאWא(2) K186،2،(3)
א1425200416 ، Wא–אא Jא،אא א א KE4F?אא א ?W KE5F? ?? א אא?W W،אאא??אא KE6F? א א א א א א א Kא ، א א א א אאKאאא א א א،אאאא א א، א אאאא ?WEFW K א אא א?א ?Wא ،אאאאW א א KE1F? ?אE2F?אאא،אאא W، א א א? אא?א K378،2،(4) K239،2،(5) K245،2،אאא،אאא(6) K320،2،(1) K116،1،(2)
אאאא:אא א?WKE3F?אאא E4F? אא،א?Wאא? א א א א א אאאא،א אאא،אאאא Kאא
K274،5،(3) 110،1،(4)
א1425200416 ، אאא ، אאא،א{אאא J1 KK،،אא،אאא ،אא،،א J2 K1964،א،אאאא אאא،אא،אא J3 ، ، אאאא،א،א K1983، אאאאא،אא J4 K1987،،،אא، אא،،א J5 ،אאא1،،א K1987، א،א،،א J6 KK،א،א،א אאא،אא،א J7 K1330،،،א א א ، א، א J8 ، אאא،א،אאא،1 K1991، א ، א א ، אא J9 KK،،،אא،1،א
אאאא:אא ، ، א אא، א א ،אא J10 K1978،
K،א،،،א J11 K1982،،אא،אא
،אאא،א،אאא J12
א،אא
KK،א
،אאא،א،א J13 K1970،א،אאאא،אK
، א ، א، J14 K1966،א،אא
،،אאא،7،א، J15 K1971،
،אאאא،א،א J16
،א،אאא،אא
K1975
אאא،א J17 KK،א،אאא،אא
אאאא،1،אא،א J18 K1984،،،אא
א א א،א،אא J19 ،א،،1אאא،א K1977،
א1425200416 ، א א א ،אא J20 KK،،אא،אא، א،א،אא J21 KK،אאאא،א אא א، א א ،א، J22 K1975،א،א א Jאא1،אא،א J23 K1986 א2، א א ، ،א J24 K1978،،א K، ، א، א،א،אא J25 K ،אא،5،אאא،א،א J26 K1971،א ، ،אאא،א،א J27 K1985،א،אאא Wא،אא J28 אאאאאEF K1977א، א אK،אאEF K1985،،אא،6،
אאאאא א EGFאאK א א אא א אא א א א א א אאאאא K א א،אאאא א ، ، א אאא אא ، א א ، א א א א א ، א א K אא אאא א،אא אאא ، אאאאאא א א א א א אאא אא،אאא Kא אאאאאא אאאאאא Kאאאא א–אאא Jא(*)
אא
1425200416 ،
אאא א אאאאא אאאא א אאאאא א א א ?א אא ،E7Fא ،אאאאאא،?E33F אא،אאא Kאאא אאאאא א 60?א،א Kא? אאאאאא Kאאאאאאא JWא KאאאאE1F KאאאאאE2F אאאאא ،אא א،א אאאאאא Kאא
אא
אאאא
،אאאא אאאאאאא Wאא،אא KאאL1 KאאאL2 אאL1 ،אאאאאא אא،אאא Kאא א ،אאאא אאאא אאKאא Kא אאאאאאא א א אא א א Kא E27 J26Fאא א א א،E29Fאאא א אK ?E67F ?א א א א אאאאאאאא אאאKאא KאE282Fאאאא
אא
1425200416 ، Wאא אאEF אEF WאאEF
א ?אאא ،אאאא،، ،E1F?א אאאאא אאאאאWאא ،אא ، א،א א،א ،אאא ، KE2F?אא EFאאאא ،אאא،אא אאאKא א ،א אאא
، אאא،אאא،K(1) K73،1404،1،א ،אאא،،אא، א،א(2) K213،1978
אא
אאאא
אאE3F?אאא א ،…אאאא אאאא E1F?אא،א אא אאא ،אא?אאא א،،،، KE2F?א، א א ?א אא אאאאאאאא Fאא،א KE3F?Eאא אא Kאאאאאאא ، אאא،אאאאא א،K(3) K46،1988،1،1408 ،1366א،אא،א(1) K170 J169 K287 J286،1322،،א،1،א،،אא(2) ،1980،אאא، אא،אאא،א(3) K123 א،אאא،אא،א، א J K233،1987،1407،،אא
אא
1425200416 ،
אאאאאא אאאא אאא?א אאא،אאאא א ،אא KE1F? אאאאא אא ،א א? –אא– א א، Jא–א KE2F?אאאאאא א א –א–אא،אא ،אאאאא אאאאא אא Kאא אאאאא KE3F?אאא
K75،2L،אאא،אאא،אא(1) ، אאא،א،אאא،א(2) K264،1400אא،אKK 30 J26،2L،1955،3،אא،א(3)
אא
אאאא
אא?אא א ،אאאא ،אא،אא KE1F? אאא?אא ،אא אאאאא KE2F? Wא א אאא ? KE3F?אאאא ،א WאEF ، אאא?א אאא אאאא אE4F?אאאאא אא אא? ،…אא Kאא(1) K146 J145،،אא،אK(2) K146،אא(3) ،1995، 1416،1،אאאא،א(4) K149،אא
אא
1425200416 ،
א،אא K?א،אאאא אאא–אאא? א א ،אאא KE1F?אאא،אא א ?אאאא אא، אא אאאאאא אאאאא Kאא،EFא אEFאאא KE2F?אא אא אאא א،אאEFא אאEFא אאאאא ?E3Fא אKאאאא
،1991–1411،1L، אאאאא،אK(1) K7 (2) K80،א K80،א108،2L،אאא،(3)
אא
אאאא
؟W E)א KE1F? אאא אאאא?KEF אאאאא KE2F?א א א ،אאאאא א،אאאא אאאא אאאאא KE3Fאא JWE4Fאא אאאWא J Kאאאא א،אאWא J אא?אא?א
Kאא(1) אא،אאאא،א(2) K111،א،אאא،א K112 J111،א(3) K112،א(4)
אא
1425200416 ،
א،אא Kאא ،א אאא? אKא א،א ، KE1F?א אאאL2 Wאאאאא KאאEF KאאאEF KאאאEF WאאEF ،אא، אאא ،אאאאK?E100Fא?אאא אאKאאאאא אאא?E47F?אאא KE2Fא אא،،אא،אא(1) K288،3 135،12L،אאאא،א،א(2) K2112،2L،EF،،א،א J K1964،1،אא،،אא،א J
אא
אאאא
?אאאאא א א ? אא ،א، Kאאאאא، א?אא אאא ، אאא KE1F?א אאאא KE2Fאאאא،אא אאאאאאא JWE3F KאאאW KאאאW KאאאW אאאW
،אא،א، א אאא א،K(1) K18،1989،، ،א،א،א א،אאK(2) K5،1989 K24 J18،،אא،K(3)
אא
1425200416 ،
، אאאא אאא א،אא KE4Fאא אאאא אא א א א א א א Kאאא אאאאאאא אEFאא، אאאאאאא אא،אא KE1F אאאאאא? אא،אאא،א א אא ،אאאא KE2F?א ،אאאא אאאW Wאאאא
،1971،א،אא ،אא،אאK(4) K5 K456 J455،1969،אא،א،א(1) K20،،אא،K(2)
אא
אאאא
אאאאאWא אאא אא אאא אאאאא KE1Fאאא אאאאא א אאא אאאאאאאאא KE2Fאאאא אא JWא אאאא אאK{אאא א?אא{אאא אא ?E3F?א אא KE4F?אא א،אאא،א،א(1) K1966،13862،א 2L،1991،20،א،א،אK(2) 46، K213،،אא،א(3) K45،1382،אא،אא،א،(4)
אא
1425200416 ،
א א א? א–،،א ،E1F?א א – אאאאאאא K א ?אא א א،א،א ،א ،אא KE2F? א אאאאW אאא אאאאא? אאאאאאאא אאK אאK אאא E3F? ،EFאא، KE4Fא
K22،،אא،K(1) K242،אא،א(2) K23،،אא،K(3) K138،،אא،א(4)
אא
אאאא
אאא?אא א אאא ?،E1F?אא،، ،אאאאאא א אE2F?אאאא אא א،? KE3F? אאאא? KE4F?א אאאאאאא אאאKאא אא אא،אא ?אאא KE5F?אאא WאאEF K146،،אא،א(1) K24،،אאאא،K(2) K158،،אא،א(3) K42 J25،1968،אא،אא،א،(4) ،1989،אאאא،אK،(5) K75،א
אא
1425200416 ، אאW א
אאאא אא אאאאא WE1Fאא א אאWE1F אאאאאא א אאא K אא אא W אE2F א א،א א אא Kא אא אאא אאK Kאאא אאW E3F אאא אKא אאאKאאא אאאאאKא אאא ، אא،אא،א אא،K،K(1) K17–15،1988
אא
אאאא
אאאא אאא אKאא K WאאאאE4F אאאאאא אא אאאאאאאאאאא אאאאאאא Kאאא Wאא E5F Wאאאא אL1 KאאL2 אא אא אKאאא،א אא אאא Kאא WE1Fאאאא ،אאא،אא،אא،אא،א K (1) K8،1966،א
אא
1425200416 ،
אאאאאאא L1 K KאL2 א אאאאאא L3 Kאאאאא אאאאא אאאאאאא? אאאאאא KE2F?אאא אאאאאא אאאאאאאא א،אאאא אאאא KE3Fא אאW אאאאאא ،אאאא WE1Fאאאאאא K25،،אאאאא،K(2) ، א،אא،אאא،אK(3) K150–149 K80،،אא،אK،K(1)
אא
אאאא KאאאL1
א אאFאL2 Eא אFאL3 KE א? KE2F?אאאאאא אא אאאאא WE3Fא ،אא א WאאL1 Kאאאאאאא،א אאאWאL2 אאאא، Kאא אאWEאFאL3 ،אא אאאא Kאאאאאאא
Kאא(2) ،אאK،אאא،אא(3) K9،2،،אאא
אא
1425200416 ،
אאאאאאא Kאא אאא ?אאא EאFאאEאאFאא KE1FEאFא א א א א? א אאא،E2F? Kאאא אא אאאא אא?،?אא?א KE3F?א?א،?אא אאאW אאאא Kאאאאאא ?אאאאא א،אאא אא ،אא 1943،א،אאא،אאאא،אא(1) K290–289، 27–26،،אא،(2) K12،،אאא،א א(3)
אא
אאאא
אאאא KE1F?א אאא Wאאא אL3
אL2
אאL1
א אאאא א א אא א א א א א G א אKE32–31Fאא א א אG א א א א KE81–80Fא א ?EFא KE2F?א א?אאאא אאאא א KE1F?אאאא K656،אאא،א،،א(1) Kאא(2) ،אא،אא،אא،אאא(1) K23
אא
1425200416 ،
אאאאאא? אאE2F? אאאאא KE3Fאאאאאא אא?א א،א KE4F?א אא אא אא אאא KE5Fאא אאאאאאאא K אא Kאאא אאאאאאא JWE1Fאאא אא KאL1 KאאאL2 K61،،אאאא،א(2) K19،،אא،א(3) Kא،א(4) K108،6،،א،א(5) K168–167،1981،،1אא،א(1)
אא
אאאא KאאאL3 KאאאL4 KאאL5
KאאL6 KאL7 KL8 KאL9 ،،אL10 K אאאא Kאאאא WאאאEF אאאאאא ? אאאאא KE2F?אא אאאאא אאאKאאאאא WאאאKאא אאאאאW
،אא א א،אK ،K(2) 45،
אא
1425200416 ، אאאאאW אאאאאW E1FאאאאאW
אא ،אא Wאאא،אא Wאא אאא א אאאאאאא אא?Kאאא א، אאא אאאאאאא אאאאאא א، אאאאא אאאא E2F?אא Kאא Wאא אאאאאWE1Fאאא אאאא אא K33،،אאאאא،K(1) K34،א(2) K3534،א(1)
אא
אאאא
אאא،אא אאאא אאאKאאאאKאאא אאאאאא א א، אאאאאא אאאאאא Kאאאא WE2FאאאאאW אאאא אאאא K א אא Wא אאWאא אאאאאא אאאאאאא א…א אאאאאא אאKא אאאאאKאאאא אאא אאאאWאא Kאא(2)
אא
1425200416 ،
אאאאא אאאאאא אאאא Kאא אאאאא ،אאאאא ،אא א אא אאאאא א אK אאאא א،אאאאאא אאאאא،אאאא אאאא Kאאאאאא אאאאאW אאא א אאאא،א אאאא Wאא WאאאאאWאא א،אאאא ،אא،אא،א ،אאאאא א،אאאא
אא
אאאא
،אאא א אאאאא א אKאאא אאאאא אאא Kאאאאאא אא א،E1F אאא אאאאאאאא אאאא،אא אא،אאא KKE2Fאאא אאאאאאWאא אא…אאאאאא א א،אאאאא א،אאא אאאKאא KE1F?אאאאא אאאאא א ، ،א
،אא،א،255،1Lאא،א{א،אא(1) K132، K39،،אא،K(2) א،אא(1)
אא
1425200416 ،
אאאאא KE2Fאא אאאאאאאWאא Wא אאאאאא אאאאאאא Kאאאאאאא אאאאאאא א א،אאא KE3Fאאא ،אEFאאאא ،אאאא? KE1F?אאאא، אאאאא אאאאא،אא א אא אאאא
J67، א1978،אאא،אא،K(2) K86 40א(3) K23،2،1973L،אאא،אאאK(1)
אא
אאאא
א،אאאא KE2F א א אאא ،אאא،אאא K א א אאא אאאאא KE3Fאאאא אאאאאאא ،אאאאא אאאאאאאאאא Kאאאאאא אאא אא אאאאאא Kאאאאאא אאאאאא ،אא אאא،אאא KE1Fאא K41،،אא،Kא(2) K42،א(3) אאאאאא،K(1) K194،،א
אא
1425200416 ،
אא א אאא ؟אא אא KE2Fאאאא אאאא ? אאאאאאא א אאא אא ،אא ،אאאא KE1F?אאאא ،אאאאאא? אאאא א אאאאאאא אאאאאא،אא KE2F?אאאא
א{1451936א،2Lא،אא(2) א،26519701L ،א،אאאא،אא K668،،א،א 194،،אאאא،K(1) ،אאאא،אK،K(2)
K115،
אא
אאאא Wאאא אאא J1
אאא،א א،א،א J2 א K1955،3،אא
-
אא،א،،א J3 Kא א،א{א،א،א J4 Kא אאאא، אאאא،א J5 K1934،א،אאא، ،אאא،א، א J6 K1966،13862L،אא א،אא، א ،א J7 K1366 ،1Lא،אא،א، J8 ،19861388،אא ،אKא،אאא،אא J9 Kא Kא،،אאאאא J10
אא
1425200416 ،
אאא،אא،אאא،א J11 1980، ، אאאאא،א אא J12 K19701389אא،א א2L،אא،אא،א J13 K1966 3L א،אא،אא،א، J14 1396 אא א،אK،K J15 K1989א،א אא אאא،K J16 ،1416،1L،אא،אא K1996 ،אאא،א،אא،K J17 K1978 KK،،א،،א J18 אא،א،אאא،א J19 K1400אא،אK،א ،2L א،אא J20 K1936א
אא
אאאא
،אא،אא،א J21 K1987،1407،،אאא،אאא ،1L، אאא אא،K،א J22 K1991،1411 אאא،א،א J23 K،אאא،אאK، K1969،אא،א،،א J24 Kאאא،אאא،אא J25 ،א4אא،א،،אא J26 K13221،،א، א2L ،א،א،K،א J27 K1991،،1412 ،אאא،K،אא J28 K1989،1409א،א א،،אא،אא J29 3Kא ،،אא،א،א J30 ،،1 אאK1978،אאא K1981 1973،1،אאא،אKWאא J31
אא
1425200416 ،
،אא،،אא،א J32 K1964،1 א،אא،אא،אא،אK J33 K1966،א،אא ،אא،אאא،K ،K J34 K1988،אא א،אאאא،א J35 Kא،אאא،אא א،אאאאא،K J36 K1989،1،،אא، א،אאאאאא،K J37 1988،،1408،،1،אא א،אאאא،א J38 K199514161L،א K،،אא،אK J39 א،אא،אא،אאK J40 K1971، אא،אאא،K J41 K1993،1412،1،א،א אא،אאא،אK J44 K1980،א،
אאא EGFK אא אא אאא אאאאאאא אאE1Fאאאא ،א א א א אא ،، אאא Kאאאא
Kאאאא(*) אאא אא،،אא(1) אא،אא،א אאK אא،א ،،אאא א،אK אאא אא، K
א
1425200416
، א אא א א
אאאא،אאא א א א א אא א א K א K?אא?א،אאא א ،א אא ،،אאא،אא אאאא؟אא ، ،א א ، Kאאאא א א א ، א א א א ،א א א ،אאאא،א א،Wאא،Wא אאאאאK Wא אK K ،א אאאאWאא א א א ،א א א אאא אאאאK؟
אאא אאא א א א ،א א Kאא،א ،אא אאאאאא א א،אאאא אא،אאאא א،א ،א אאאאKא א אאKאא،א א؟אא؟אאא א אא א אא א ،א ؟אאאא؟אא אאא ،אאאאא Kאאאא אא א א א א א א א א ، E1F א א?؟Wאאא (1) אאאאאא،אאא
א
1425200416
א א אא א א א ،אאאאאא אא،אאא ،א א א א،אא אאאא??אKא א א א א Kא א א ، א אא א א א א א K א א אאאאאא א،א، ،א א א א ،א א אאא،אא אא،אא אKאאאאא، א א א א א א ، א،אאאאא ؟א؟א؟אא؟אWאאא אאאא؟ אא K2000،21א، אK?א Kאאאא
אאא אאאאא،אאא Kאאא אאאWאאאא אאאאאא،אא ،אאאאאאאאא אא،א אאאאאא ،אאא،אאא אאאKKKאא א אא א א א א א אא ،? א? א א א א ، א א א אאאאא،אא א א א Kא א א א א א K א،אאאאאא א א א Kא א א א א אאאאא،אא ??א،אאא، אKאאאא
א
1425200416
אאא،א א Kא א Kאא אא אאאאא אאא א،א א א ،א א א אא،אאאאאא אאאאאאא אאKאא אאא ،אאא אא אאאאא א،אאאK ، אא אאא א، אא،אא א א א ،א א א א ،א א ،א،א ، א אא א
אאא א א א Kאא א Kאא א אא א אאאאאzאא א א xא א א ، א א א א ،א א،א א، א F ،א א ،אאאאאE Wאאאא אאאאKKKא א א א א א אKאאא א אא א א א ،א א א א א א Kא אא ،אאאאאא K אאאאאא אאאא א אא א א ،
א
1425200416
אאאKא אא،אאא אאאאKאאא אאאאאא، אאא،א ،אאא ،E1Fא אאאאאא،א ،אא ،א אאאאK אא א א א א אאאא،אא א אא ، אא?אא K?אא?،?א א א KKKא ، א אא א א א אא ، א א א א א אא א א Kא אאאא א אאאא(1) א،אאאא،אא W אKאאאאאאאאא KE1995אאאWא،FאWאא
אאא א ،אא א א א Kא א אאאאאאאאא ،א א ،א ،א א א ،א ،א ،א אאאאאא ،א א א K F א Kא א א ، א א ? WE520 א ،א א ، א ، א،אאא،א א،אא،אא ،א אא ، א א א ، א א ،אא א،אאאא،א E1FK?KKKא ،אאא،אא Kא א ، א א א אאאאאא،אאאאא K32E1394،אאWאFאאWא(1)
א
1425200416
،אאאאא،אאא א א א א א א א،אאאאא ،אאאאאאא א א א א א Wאא EאאאFאKKK? ،א ،א א א א א א א،אא א א ، ، ، ،א ،א א א א ،א א א א ،א א ،א א א א ،א،א ،א א א ،א א KE1F?KKKא א אא א א א ،אאא אKא ،אאאאאא א א א א א ، א א 33 J32E1992،12،אאWFאWאא(1)
אאא ، W א אא ،א א א ، ،א א א א א א א אא،אאא א א א א ،א א א א ? KKK א א א א ، א ، א א א א ،א K?אאא אאא א ، א א א ، ،א אא،אא،אא Kאא א א א ،אאאא א ،אא אאאאא ،א אא א א א אא אא א א K א אאא ،א אאא،אא
א
1425200416
א א Kא א א א ، א א Kא אא א א א א ،א א א א א א אאא،אאא ؟אאאא א א א ،א א א א א א א א א אא א א א א א Kא אאEאא،אאאF אאאWאW Kאאאאאא אWאKא ، E1Fאאאאאא אWא ،אאאאאא אאא אא א א א ،א ،אאאKא אWאאאFאא،אא אWאאWא(1) KE1992،
אאא ،אא אא Wאאא א א א א KKKא א א א א א א א ،אאאאאאאא אאאאאא א א א ،א אאאאאאאKא א ،אא ، א א ،א ،א א אא א אא א אא א א א אא،א ،אאאא، א ?? ،א א אאאאKא ،א א א א ،אאאא KKאאאאא ،אא،א،Stiglitz א?WEW Fאא
א
1425200416
אא אאא אאאKאאאאא ،א،אא א،אאאא א KE1F? אאאא 100אאאאא אא،٪2.5אאא ،2K801.000.000 א KE1F2.718.000.001990 אאאאאא אא،אא אא،אא אא؟אא אא،אאא אאא،אאאאא K אאאאא،אא א ،א אא א א א Josef. E. Stiglitz, La Grande desillusion (Paris: Fayard, 2002) P.23(1) (Banque Mondiale, Global Economic, Prospects and the Developing). Countries (1) 2000 (Washington DC: Banque Mondiale, 2000) P. 29
אאא א א ،א א Kאא،א ،א אא א אאאאאאאאא ، א ،א א K אאאאאא،א אא،אא،، ،א א K א ، א ،א א א א א אא ،،אאא אאאאא אאאאא ،א א אאאאאK א א א א א א א אא ،אאאאא א،אא Kאאא א א א א KKKא א א ،אא א א ،א א ،א א א א א אא،א،א א
א
1425200416
٪ 80 א ٪ 20 אאאא،٪ 20، KKKא א א א א אא א א א א،א אאא אאאאא אאאאאא א א א א אא א א אא א KE1F אא א،אאאאא אאאKאאאא א ،א א אא א ،א א אא א א א אא אא א א א א אאאאKאא אא?WEאאאאאF אאאאאאאאא(1) ،אאאא א،א אאא،אאאא אK אאאKא אאאאא K
אאא א א א א א א אאאKE2F?אא אאאאאאא אא?Wאא אx؟אאzאא א א א א א א א אKאאא KE1F?אW א א א א א א אא א אא א אאאWאאאאאK אאאאא אאאאא؟אא אאא אאא א، Kא אאא א א ، א E1998،אאWאFאאאWאאWא(2) 122 99E2000،2،אא?FאאW،(1)
א
1425200416
א ،א א א א א א،אאאא Kאא אאאאא א א ? W ، אאאאאא ،אא،אא KE1F?אאא אא אאאאאא ؟א ،א א א א א אאאא א אאאאאאא אא אאאאאא אא ،אא א א א א א אאאאאאWא ،אאאאא؟א א א ،א א א א Kא
K134،א(1)
אאא ،אאא א א ، אא אא א Kא א א א ،?א ? ،א אאא،אא א،א אא،אא אKאאא אא א א א א א אאא א א א K א אאאK Wא א א א א W א א א W Kא א א W Kא א אא אא،אאא אא אאאאאא אאא אאא،אאא Kא אא אא א א א אאאאאאא
א
1425200416
א؟א אאא ،א ؟אאא ؟אאא אא ?א א א א א א،?אא ،אא א א،אKאא ، א א ،אאאאאאא،א אאאK،אא אאאאא א א א ، אאא،אא אאאאאא،א א אא א K א Kאאאאאא א א א א א א א א א א KKK? Wא אאאאאא א א א אא ، א א
אאא א،אאאא ،א،אא א אאאאאאא KE1F?א ،אא א،אאא ،א א ،א א א א א א א א אא א א ،א א אאאאא،אאא، Kא אאאא א א א א א ،א א א ،א א אא ،אאאאאא، אאKאאאא אאאאאא Kא א א ،א א א ،אאא
70E2002،אאWFאאאאאWא(1)
א
1425200416
אאאא Kאא אאאא אאאא א ،א ،א א ،אא א א ،א א ، א ،E1F ،א א א א א א א Kא א א F א א א א א א א אאא אא،E א ،א א א EאאאאFאאא ،א א K א א אאאאא אאKאא אא?אW KK(1) אא1500אKאא ،אאאאKאא א، K52،K?
אאא אאא،אאא،אא ،אאאא א،אאא א א א ، א Kא אא?Wאא א א א א ،א א א،אא، אאאא، KE1F?אאא א אאא א ،א א א אא،אא ،אאא ،אאאאאא אKאאאאא אאא،א א א א א K א E70אWאאF א א א ،א א א א ،26א،א،?אא?،א(1) K167،2000L1422
א
1425200416
א Kא א א א א א،א،א א א א א א אא א א א א א א א،אאא אא א א ،א א א ،אאאאא،אאאא א א א Kא א א אא א א אא א א אא א E10WאF E א א א א א אאאא،אא א א א א א Kא אא אא E107WאF אאאאאא אא K אאאאKא א א א K ؛א א א א ، ،א א א א א א אא א ? Wא
אאא אאאאא،א אאאאאא ،א א ??א ??א KE1F?א א א،אאאאא א،אאאאא אאאאאא א،אא K ،א א א א ، ؟ אא אא א א א ،א א ،אא ،אא، א א אאאKESocial StatusFאא ،אאאא، Kאאאאא
K125E1997،אאWFאאWא (1)
א
1425200416
א א א א אאאאאאאא א ، Kאא K אא א א א א א א א ؟ א א א אא،אא ؟אא ،א אאאא،אא א א؟א אא؟אא ، אאא،אאא אאאאאאא א א א א ،א א א א א ،א א א א،א،א א א Kא א א אאE1F?א?אP. Bourdieuא אאK אאאא א،אאאאאא Diplomatique (Paris: Pierre Bourdieu, “L’essence du neoliberalisme”, le Monde(1) Mars 1998) Page 3.
אאא ، אאאKא אאאאKא Kא
א
1425200416
א א א א אא،א אאאאאK אא?WאאKאאאא אא ?א?א א אא ، א ، א Fאא، א ، א א א א Eאא ،E F EF א ،EF E1FK? ، אאאאאא אא،אא، א א א א ، ،א אאא،אאאא אא א Kא ،א א א א א א א אא א א א א ، ، אא،אא، א،? אאא?א،אא(1) K25،1993،1418א
אאא אאאאא،א אאאאאאאא א אאא،א Kאאאא،א אאאWאאאא אא،אאאא אKא אא ؟ א ، א א ؟א א א ؟אא،א אאא
א
1425200416 אא
1394،אאWאFאאWא J1
،2 ،אא? FאאW، J2 2000
W אFאאאW אאWא J3 .E1998،אא
KE1992،12،אאWFאWאא J4
، א،? אאא?א،אא J5 K1993،1418א،אא،אא
אאWא،FאWאא J6 KE1995א
א، א،? אא?،א J7 K2000L1422،26
אW ، אא W א J8 1997K،א
אאW F אאאאאW א J9 KE2002،
אא،אאאW אא J10 KE1992،אWאאאF
אאא
1- (Banque Mondiale, Global Economic, Prospects and the Developing). Countries 2000 (Washington DC: Banque Mondiale, 2000. 2- Pierre Bourdieu, “L’essence du neoliberalisme”, le MondeDiplomatique (Paris: Mars 1998). 3-
Josef. E. Stiglitz, La Grande desillusion (Paris: Fayard, 2002) P.23
אא EGFאאKK Wא אא،EInternationalizationFאאWE1Fא אאאאאEInterdependenceFא אאא אKאא אאאאאא KאאאKאאא EGlobalconvergenceFאאWE2Fא אאאאאא אאאאKאא אאאאאא،א אאKא אא אאאאאאאא אאא אאEאאאF Kאאא אאאאאא אאאאאאKא . اﻟﺴﻮدان، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة، )*( ﻣﻌﻬﺪ إﺳﻼم اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ
א
1425200416 ،
אאא KEאאאF אאא אWE3Fא Supra-?אאא،אאא ،א،אא K?territorialization אאאאאאאא אאKאא Kאא،אאאא K אאא Wאאא א אאאאאאאG Wאאאאא אאאאאא J1 Kאא אאאאאאאאא 1 J1 אאאאאא Kאאאאאא א،אא،אא א2 J1 א،אאאאא K
א
אא
אאאא 3 J1 Kאא אאא،אאאאאאאא J2 Kאא، אאאאאאא1 J2 א،אאאא אא،אאאא Kאא אאאאא2 J2 אאאא،אא K אאאא א3 J2 א،אאאאא Kאא אאא،אאאאא4 J2 ،אא،אאא Kאאא،אאא Kאאאאאא J3 אאאאא1 J3 Kאא،אא
א
1425200416 ،
אאאאאאא2 J3 Kאאאאאא אאאאאא3 J3 Kאאאאאא אאא אאאא J4 Kא אאאא אא1 J4 אא،א Kא אאאאא2 J4 Kאא אאאאאא3 J4 Kאאאאאא،אאא אאאאאא4 J4 Kא אאאאא5 J4 Kאא Kאאאאאא J5 אאאא אאאאא،אא
א
אא
אאאא،אא אאאKאאא אאאKאאאאא،א אא، אא אאאאאא، Kאאא Wאא אא J אאאא،אא J1 Kאאא،א ،א،אא،אא J2 Kאא،אאאאא אא،אא ،אא J3 Kאאאאא אאאאא،אאא J4 Kאא אאא، אא J5 Kאא،אאאא Kאאאא ،אא J6
א
1425200416 ، אאא J
אאא،אאא J1 Kאא א ،אאאאא J2 אאאאאאא K٪50אאא אאאEWTOFאאG אאאאאאאאאא אאאאאאא،א א–א אא KאאאאאKא אאאאאאG K אאאאאאאאG אאאאאאאאא Kאאאא אאאG אאאאא Kאאא
א
אא
אאאאאאG אאאאאאאא Kאאאאאאא،אא אא אא،אאא J3 אאא Kאאאאא W،אאא J4 א،אא،אG ،אא Kאא،אא אאאאאאאאG אאא א א،אא Kאאאאא אאאאאאאG אא،אא אאאאאאא אאFאאאאא אאKE אאאא אאאKא
א
1425200416 ،
אאא،26א1993 K130אאאא1999 J97 אאאאאאG אאאאאאKא אאאאאאאא،א אאאאא אאאאאKא אא א Kאאא אאאאא אאאאאאאא K אאא،אאא J5 אאא، אא >>א אאאאא אאאא ؟אאאאאא א אאא؟אא אאאאא
א
אא
אאאא؟ K؟אא אא Wאא WאאאאאאG Kאאאאא J1 Kאאא J2 Kאא J3 ، א،אG ؟אא،אא ؟אאאG א אG ، אאאאא ؟אא،א אאאאאאאאG ،אאא אאאא ؟אא אאאאG ؟אאא
א
1425200416 ،
אאאאאאאG אאאאא، ؟א אאאאאG ؟א אאאאאG ؟אאאאאאא אאאG ؟אאאאאאאאאאא אאאאG ؟אא ،אאאא G ؟אאאאא אאאאאG ،אאאאא ؟אאאא אאאG ؟אאאאא אא،אאאאאאאאG ؟אאאאאאא
EGFאא EGGF W ،א א א א EGGGF ،אא א א אא א א א Kאא אא،אא ? K א ، א א א אK?אאא?אאא?אא א א אא، J–א א،אאא א K א א א אא
K2003،א،א،،אW(*) K1994 J1902Fאאא(**) Kאא،א،א(***)
א
1425200416 ،
אא،אאא،א Kאאאאאאא א אאאאא،א אאא אא אKאא א،אא KEאF א אא Kאאאא ،א אאא Kאאאא ،א א אאא אאאא א א ،אא??אא Kאאאאאאא ، אאא، אאKאא، ?Recombinations? אאאאאא אאאאאאאא K،אאKא
–אא – אא א، אאאאK אא אא،אא אKאאא א،אאאא אאאא Kאאא א אאאאאא K אאאאKא Kאאאאאא אא אא אאאאאאאWא אאא،אאא אKאאא?Conjectures?אא אאאא،אא אאא،אאאא אאK א Kא،א א
א
1425200416 ،
א J א – א ؟ א א א א א א א א ؟ א אא،،אא ? WKאא אאא E1FK?אאK א ? KE2F?א ، א א א א אKאאאא א א א א א א ؛אKא א ، א א א א א KK א ،א א …א KKKאאא،אאא א אא א א ،א אאאאאW؛ KK א א א א א א K39،א، E1F K41،א E2F
–אא א א א א א א K K אאא Jאאאא אא J אאאא אאאא Kאא אא،אאKאא K אK א א א אאKא אאKאאאאא אאא KE1Fאא א،אא אאאאאאאא אאKאאאא Kאאא א،אא א ، א א א א K47،א، E1F
א
1425200416 ،
א אא א א א א ، א K Wאא אאא W אא א אא א א אKא אאאא Kאאאאא K א? ?אאאא אאאK?Relativist? Kאאא אאא אא אאאאאא אאא אאא א א אאאאK אא ؟א א אאאא אK אאאאאEאF אאא ،אא א،{ אא
–אא ،אאK אאאאאאא Jאאא Jאאא אאאאא K אא אאא א אאאאאא، אאאאאא אאאאאאאא Jא–،א אאאאאא אאKאא Kא Kאא ؟אאא א KKKאאאא אאאאאאא א א א א א א א ، א ،? ? ، E F
א
1425200416 ،
אא אאא K א ?Kאאא א א א א א א אא א א E1FKאאא، א א א א א א אאאא، אאאאא אK ، א א א א א א א ? Consequences ? א א א א אKא ، Kא אא אא אאאאאK{ Kאא Wאאא ?Kאא K86،א، E1F
–אא ،אא K K א אאKE1F?א אאא،אא אאאKא אאאא Kאאאאאא ،אא א א א א א K – א א K א א א א א א א Kאאאאא א א א אאא ?، אא א ??א א א KE1F?אא K100،אW E1F K102،אW(1)
א
1425200416 ،
אאאא –אא–אא אא،אאKא Kא אKאK אאאאא א א א،?karl Kraus? אא Mumbo - ?א אא، ??Umbo ، אאKאא אאKאK E2FK J Jאא Wאא ،אא א א KאKאא א אאאKא א،אא– א– K104،אW(2)
–אא אאKאא אאא Kאאאא אW ? א א?א E1F? Kאא W،אא Kא א،،אאא אאאK אאאאא Kאאא אKKאאKKאWא אאאא Wא KאW Kאא،W
K105،אW E1F
א
1425200416 ،
אאא ،W –א K،، JK אKא א Kאאא אאאא אאאKKאא א KK1600א אK? ??? ، Kא ،אא א،אאא אאKא K– אK אאאא ،K אאאK אאKא Kאאאא ، אא،אאא ،א – אאא
–אא ،אאK K، WKאאא Kאאאא Kאאאא אאאאאא א Kאאא ،א א Kא Kאאאא אאאאא אאאאאא אאאא??א K?א אאא Kאאאא אאW אא، Kאאאא
א
1425200416 ،
، אא אא אאKא אא ،א K אא א אא–א אאאK، אא، K אא א אא א ،אאא،אא אאאKKא KKKKא אא،א K א אאא אאא אאKKאאא KKאאאא
–אא ،א אאאא، אאאא Kאא אFא،אא אאא،אא– J אKא אאא אKK אאאא אאKKKאא Kאא אאאאאא א א אאאאאא K،
Wא
Wאא K؟،א، J1 ؟א J2 KE1Fא،א J3 K159،א، E1F
א
1425200416 ،
אא ?Historicism ? אאא אאאא؟א، אא K K?Historism?א אא א K א אאאא،אא K ، אא Kאאא אאא Kאאאא،א א ،א K אKא ،אאK ،Kאאא ?Kא؟אאא א?א אאEGF אאKא KאWא(*)
–אא אKאא،אאא Kאאא אא Kאאא אא א،אאא אא،אאא K אא אאאאא،א KKאא 2 אאאא אאאא K אאא–א אא–א J KאאאKאא Wאא אאאא אאאאאא،א אאאא،אאא
א
1425200416 ،
Kאאא אא ،אא Kאא אאאא אאאא KKאא–אאא אאאא JW אא אאKK Kאאא אאאKKאא، Kא אKאא א،אKא Kאאא אאא Wאאא K– J1 Kאאא J2 אא J3 Kא
–אא Kאא א J4 K–אא–– אאא ?Dogma ? אאא ،אא אא אא אאא–אא ، J–אא،א K ، אא، א אאKאא KאKאא אאא אאKא אאא،אאא ، א אאאא،א Kא،א Wאא אאאאא KKKאאאאא אא– א–א–אאא
א
1425200416 ،
א אאאאא، KKאא،אא אאאא א،א אאא–אא אאא אא،אא א KKאאאא אKאא KאאאKאא Kאאא אאאאWא אא אKא ، ، א א א אאKKא אאאKKאאא Kאא אאאאאא אאKאא Kאאאאאא
ABibliography On Islamic Economics- Subject Headings Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi(*)
A-Culture &Economic
1
B- Economic Functions
2
C-Economics in Islamic Countries
3-8
D- Economic thought
9-10
E- Epistemological Foundation
11-14
F- Free Economy
15
G- Global Economy
16-17
H- Islamic Banking
18-20
I- Islam &Economic Development
21
J- Islam &Economic Challenge
22-23
K-Islamic Economics
24-39
L- Islamic Political Economy
40-45
M- Investment in an Islamic Economics
46-47
N- Islamic Finance
48-52
O- Money in Islam
53
P- Poverty &Charity in Medieval Islam
54-55
Q- Teaching Economics in Islamic Perspective
56
(*)
Alfarougi Library (IMAM)ďˆ
1425200416 ،
א
A-Culture &Economics 1- Griffin,Keith Culture and Economic Growth: Ageneral Argument with illustrations from the Islamic world Vol.10,No.2, May1999 Oxford University Press , London 1999 PD : 126-141 B- Economic Functions (Book Review) Hassan uz –zaman,S.M Economic functions and islamic state.by/Abulmuzafar JIS,Vol.5,No.1,January 1994 Oxford University Press , London 1994 PP : 153-155 C-Economics in Islamic Countries (Books Review) 3- Donnan,hastings Economy and Culture in Pakistan: Migration and Cities in a muslim Society. By/ Iftikar H. Malik
ABibliography On Islamic Economics
Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi
JIS,Vol.5,No.1,January 1994 Oxford University Press , London 1994 . PP : 132-134. 4- Inalcik,Halil An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire,13001914.by/ArdrewMangs JIS,Vol.10,No.1,Jan1999 Oxford University Press , London, 1999 PP : 76-78 5- Wilson,Rodney Economic Development in the Middle East. by / Mohsin S. Kahan JIS, vol.10, No.2,May 1999 Oxford University Press , London ,1999 PP: 210-211 6- Amin,Galal A. Egypt’s Economic Predicament: Astudy in theInteraction of External Pressure, Political, Folly and SocialTension in Egypt, 1960-1990 by/Roger Owen
1425200416 ،
א JIS, vol.8, No.1, Jan1996
Oxford University Press , London ,1996 PP: 125-126 7- Alizadeh, Parvin The Economy of Iran: The Dilemma of an Islamic state.by/Ali A.Saeidi. JIS, Vol.13, No.1, January 2002 Oxford University Press , London , 2002 PP: 87-89 8- Wilson, Rodney Islam and Malaysia’s Economic Development JIS, Vol.9, No.2July1998 Oxford University Press , London , 1998 PP: 259-276 D- Economic thought 9- Ghazanfar, S.M. History of Economic Thought. The Schumpeterian, Great Gap’, the Lost Arab-Islamic Legacy, and the Literature Gap. JIS, Vol.6, No.2, July, 1995 Oxford University Press , London, 1995
ABibliography On Islamic Economics
Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi
PP: 234-253 10- Wilson, Rodney The
Contribution
of
Muhammad
Baqir
al-Sadr
to
Contemporary Islamic Economic Thought JIS, Vol.9, No.1, January 1998 Oxford University Press , London, 1998 PP: 46-59 E- Epistemological Foundation 11- Chaudhury, Masudul Alam The Epistemological Foundations of Islamic Economics. Vol.6. Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries, Ankara, 1995 343P., 24cm. 12- Chaudhury, Masudul Alam The Epistemological Foundations of Islamic Economics. Vol.1 Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries, Ankara, 1995 108P., 24cm. 13- Chaudhury, Masudul Alam
1425200416 ،
א
The Epistemological Foundations of Islamic Economics. Vol.3. Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries, Ankara, 1995 256P., 24cm. 14- Chaudhury, Masudul Alam The Epistemological Foundations of Islamic Economics. Vol.5. Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries, Ankara, 1995 434P, 24cm. F- Free Economy 15- Anwar, Muhammad Modelling Interest-Free Economy IIIT, Virginia, 119p. 22cm. G- Global Economy (Books Review) 16- Warde, Ibrahim Islamic Finance in the Global Economy, by/Rodney Wilson
ABibliography On Islamic Economics
Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi
JIS, Vol.12, No.1, January 2001 Oxford University Press , London , 2001 PP: 115-119 17-Hakimian, Hassan The State and Global ChangeThePolitical Economy of Transition in the Middle East and North Africa, by/Rodney Wilson JIS, vol.12, No.3, Sep.2001 Oxford University Press , London , 2001 PP: 388-390 H- Islamic Banking 18- Ahmed, Ziauddin Money and Banking in Islam International Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 1983 299p. 19- Homoud, Sami Hassan Islamic Banking Arabian Information, London, 1986 299P., 23cm.
1425200416 ،
א
20- Siddiqi, Muhammad Nejatulla Banking Without Interest. The Islamic Foundation, Leicester, 1983 192P. 22cm. I- Islam &Economic Development 21- Haneef, Mohamed Aslam Islam and Economic Development in Malaysia A reappraisal JIS, vol.12, No.3, Sep.2001 Oxford University Press , London , 2001 PP : 269-290 J- Islam &Economic Challenge (Book Review) 22- Chapra, M.umer Islam and the Economic Challenge.by/RodneyWilson. JIS, Vol.5, No.1, January 1994 Oxford University Press , London, 1994 Pp: 151-153 23-Chapra, M.Umer Islam and the Economic Challenge The Islamic Foundation, Leicester, 1992 , 428p.
ABibliography On Islamic Economics
Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi
K-Islamic Economics 24- Ghazali, Aidit Islamic
Thinkers
on
Economics,
Adminstration
and
Transactions. Vol.1 Quill Publisher, Jalan, 1991 217P.,22cm. 25- Sadeq, Abul Hassan Muhammad Economic Development in Islam Pelanduk Publications, Selangor, 1990 153p., 22cm. 26- Faridi, F.R. Essays in Islamic Economic Analysis Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi, 1991 , 22 ,264cm. 27- Gusan, Sule Ahmed Readings in Islamic Economics vol.1 Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, 1993 186p. 24 cm. 28- Ghazali, Aidit Readings in the Concept and Methodology of Islamic Economics.
א
1425200416 ،
Pelanduk Publications, Selangor, 1989 168p., 22cm. 29 - Mannan, M.A. Abstracts of Researches in Islamic Economics. International Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 1984 87P. 20cm. 30- Mannan M.A. Islamic Economics SH.Muhammad Ashraf, Lahore, 1980 883P., 22cm 31- Kahf, Monzer The Islamic Economy The Muslim Students Association of the United States & Canada. 110P. 22cm. 32- Ahmed, Mahmoud Economics of Islam SH.Muhammad Ashraf, Lahore, 1977 , 177P., 22cm. 33- Ahmed, Ausaf
ABibliography On Islamic Economics
Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi
Income Determination in an Islamic Economy. Scientific Publishing Centre, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 1997 75P. 24 cm. 34- Molla, Rafiqul Islam Frontiers and Mechanics of Islamic Economics University of Sokoto, Sokoto, 1985 266P., 22cm. 35- Chaudhury, Masudul Alam Islamic Economic Co-Operation Macmillan Press, Hampshire, 1989 447P. 23cm. 36- Wilson, Rodney Islam and Malaysia’s Economic Development JIS, Vol.9, No.2, july1998 oxford Oxford University Press , London , 1998 PP: 259-276 37- Gusau, Sule Ahmed Readings in Islamic Economics, by Rodneg Wilson
1425200416 ،
א
JIS, Vol.7, No.1, January1996
Oxford University Press ,
London , 1996 PP: 129-131 (Book Review) 38- Ali S.Nazim Information Sources on Islamic Economics 1980-1990by Rodney Wilson , JIS, Vol.7, No.1, January 1996, Oxford University Press , London , 1996 PP: 132-134 39- Khan, Muhammad Akram An introduction to Islamic Economics by/RedneyWilson JIS, Vol.7, No.1, January 1996 Oxford University Press , London , 1996 , PP: 133-136 L- Islamic Political Economy 40- Chaudhury, Masudul Alam The Principles of Islamic Political Economy St.Martin’s Press, New York, 1992 283P., 22cm. 41- Chaudhury, Masudul Alam The Foundations of Islamic Political Economy St.Martin’s Press, New York, 1992 336p., 22cm.
ABibliography On Islamic Economics
Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi
42- Chaudhury, Masudul Alam Islamic Political Economy International Project on Islamic Political Economy University Sains Malaysia, 1997, 571p.,24 cm. (Book Review) 43- Carapico, sheila Civil Society in Yemen: the Political Economy of Activism in Modern Arabia.by/paul Dresch JIS, Vol.11, No.3, Sep.2000 Oxford University Press , London ,2000 PP: 388-388 44- Niblock, Tim The Political Economy of the Middle East.vol.3: Islamic Economics, by/Mohamed Aslam Haneef. JIS, Vol.12, No.1, January 2001 Oxford University Press , London , 2001 PP: 119-152. 45- Wilson, Rodney Politics and the Economy in Jordan.by/Arshad Zaman/ JIS, Vol4, No.2, july1993 Oxford University Press , London , 1993, PP: 290-292 M- Investment in an Islamic Economics 46- Khoja, Ezzedine Mohammad
1425200416 ،
א
Instruments of Islamic Inverstment Dellah Al-Baraka Group, Jeddah, 1995, 130P., 22cm. 47- Sattar, Zaidi Resource Mobilization and Investment in an Islamic Economicy Framework, IIIT, Virginia, 1992, 207p. 24 cm. N- Islamic Finance 48- Sadeq, Abul Hassan M. Development & Finance in Islam International Islamic University Press, Jalan, 1987 279P. 24cm. 49- Hassan, Nir The Economic and Financial Imperatives of Globalization: An Islam Response. Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia 403P, .24 cm. (Book Review) 50- Usmani, Muhammad Taqi An Introduction to Islamic Finance.by/ Rodney Wilson JIS, Vol.14, No.1, Jan. 2003 London, 2003 , PP: 95-98 51- Clay, Christopher
Oxford University Press ,
ABibliography On Islamic Economics
Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi
Gold for the Sultan: Western Bankers and Ottoman Finance 1881-1856by/Kate fleet,
JIS, Vol 14, No.1, Jan.2003 ,
Oxford University Press , London , 2003 , PP: 98-100 52- Darling, Linda T Revenue-Raising and legitimacy: Tax Collection and Finance Administration in the Ottoman Empire, 1560-1660by/Salih Ozbaran. JIS, Vol.11, No.2, May.2000 Oxford University Press , London, 2000, PP: 238-241 O- Money in Islam 53- Ariff, Mohammad Monetary and Fiscal Economics of Islam International Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 1982, 412P., 24 cm. P- Poverty &Charity in Medieval Islam (Book Review) 54- Sabra, Adam Poverty and charity in Medieval Islam: Mamluk Egypt, 12501517, by/Elton L.Daniel, JIS, vol.12, No.3, Sep.2001 Oxford University Press , London , 2001, PP: 333-334
1425200416 ،
א 55- Amid, Mohammad Javad
Agriculutre, Poverty and Reform in Iran.by/Keith Mclachlan. JIS, vol.3, No.1, Jan1992, Oxford University Press , London , 1992., Pp131-132 Q- Teaching Economic in Islamic Perspective 56- Siddiqi, Muhammad Nejatullah Teaching Economics in Islamic Perspective. Scientific Publishing Centre. King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 1996, 244P. 24cm..
ABibliography On Islamic Economics
Ala- Addin Hassan Abdel-Bagi
Author Index 1-
Ahmed,Ausaf
33
2-
Ahmed, Mahmoud
32
3-
Ahmed, Ziauddin
18
4-
Ali S.Nazim
38
5-
Alizadeh,Parvin
7
6-
Amid,Mohammad Javad
55
7-
Amin,Galal A.
6
8-
Anwar, Muhammad
15
9-
Ariff,Mohammad
53
10-
Carapico,Sheila
43
11-
Chapra,M.Umer
22,23
12-
Chaudhury,Masudul Alam
13-
Clay, Christopher
51
14-
Darling,linda T.
52
15-
Donnan,Hastings
3
16-
Faridi,F.R.
26
17-
Ghazali,Aidit
24,28
18-
Ghazanfar,S.M.
9
19-
Griffin,Keith
1
11,12,13,14,35,40,41,42
1425200416 ،
א 20-
Gusan,Sule Ahmed
27,37
21-
Hakimian,Hassan
17
22-
Haneef , Mohamed Aslam
21
23-
Hassan,Nir
49
24-
Hasan uz -Zaman,S.M
2
25-
Hamoud,Sami Hassan
19
26-
Inalcik,Halil
4
27-
Kahf,Monzer
31
28-
Khan,Muhammad Akram
39
29-
Khoja, Ezzedine Mohd.
46
30-
Molla,Rafiqul Islam
34
31-
Mannan M.A
29-30
32-
Niblock,Tim
44
33-
Sabra, Adam
54
34-
Sadeq,Abul Hassan Muhammad
25,48
35-
Sattar, Zaidi
47
36-
Siddiqi,M.Nejatulla
20,56
37-
Usmani,Muhammad Tagi
50
38-
Warde,Ibrahim
39-
Wilson,Rodney
16 5,8,10,36,45
Editorial Board
Chairperson
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Mohammed El. Hassan B.Ibrahim
Dr. Abdalla M. AL Amin AL. Na’em
Manager of Editing Mohammed Babiker El-Awad
Members *Dr. Gamal AL- Shareef * Gasim Omer Abu El khair *Dr.Ahmed M.EL Hassan Shennan * Musa Adam Abu Zurqa * Yousof Al - basheer M.
Correspondence Editor- in – Chief: IMAM, P.O. Box 526, Wad Medani, Sudan. Fax: 00249-511/ 43399- 20428 Tel: 00249 - 511 / 20420 - 20421- 20425 E.mail : tafakur_imam@hotmail.com -B-
Notes to Contributors
"Tafakkur" is a refereed biannual journal issued by the Institute of Islamization of knowledge (IMAM), Gazira University - Sudan. The main focus of the journal is on issues concerning Islamization of knowledge, both theoretical and empirical. Contributors are kindly requested to take note of the following points when submitting their manuscripts: 1. The submitted paper should focus on issues of Islamization of knowledge. 2. The paper should at least contribute to a better understanding of its subject matter. 3. The research methodology and style should suit the modern reader. 4. Whenever verses from the Qur’an are quoted, reference should be made to their chapter and number. Sayings from Sunnah should be authenticated. 5. Detailed mathematical derivations should be supplied separately and will not be published. 6. References should be listed at the end of the paper. References in English should be written in the standard format, e.g, for essays: Biraima, M. H., (1999): "Social Reality."Tafakkur, Vol. 1, No. 1, Sudan, And for books: Biraima, M.H., (1999): A Quranic View..., (International Centre for Faith Studies), Sudan. References in Arabic should be written as shown in the Arabic section. 7. All manuscripts should be submitted in a typewritten copy plus an electronic copy (Windows 98 or XP 200). 8. The manuscript should not exceed 35 typewritten pages (A4 size), with a separately supplied abstract of no more than 200 words. 9. Papers submitted to Tafakkur should be original, and are not expected to have been submitted for publication elsewhere. 10. The author's name his postal and electronic address as well as his phone and fax numbers should be supplied separately from the text of the paper. 11. The paper would be subjected to a double blind refereeing. 12. The editorial board reserves the right to make nonsubstantial changes in the paper, as well as not returning the original manuscripts to their authors. 13. Authors of accepted refereed papers will be paid a financial reward.
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ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ :ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍ ﻠﻴﻔﺔ.א א
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ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺎﺭﻑ :ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃ ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍ . ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺍ :ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ. ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ :ﺑﺮﻭﻓﺴ ﻣﺒﺎﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﺬﻭﺏ . ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻲ )ﺭ ﻳﺔ ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻠﻴﺔ( :ﺑﺮﻭﻓﺴ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ . ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮ :ﳏﺎﺳﻦ ﺟﺎﺩ ﺍ ﳏﻤﺪ. א
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ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ :ﺑﺮﻭﻓﺴ ﻪ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﺍﱐ . ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ :ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺳﺮ ﺍ ﺘﻢ ﺃ ﺪ. ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮ :ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍ ﻠﻴﻔﺔ.א
ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ -ﺃ.ﺩ .ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﺳﺮ ﺍ ﺘﻢ ﺃ ﺪ. ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺪﺍﺩﻱ -ﺩ .ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﺎ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺩ .ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ – ﺩ .ﲨﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺩ .ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ – ﺩ .ﲨﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺷﺮﻳﻒﳎﻠﺔ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺻﺪﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺣ ﺍﻵﻥ .