Tamara Hoogeweegen
0831113
Matthijs Hofte
0819413
Joep Klein Teeselink
0816396
Michiel van Kooten
0783188
Merijn Meuleman
0812216
Sanne Schipper
0821518
Group 10 7NCB0 - Design for Social Innovation Coach: Anouk van Ranst 1
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Table of Content Process 1. Envisioning 2. Exploring 3. Envisioning 4. Exploring 5. Thinking 6. Making 7. Exploring 8. Thinking 9. Exploring 10. Making 11. Exploring 12. Envisioning 13. Making Future Final Feedback Groupmembers Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Appendix V Appendix VI Appendix VII
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Introduction I
aware of the movements lost by automation.
n this project we went through a design project with a group of 6 students with all kinds of different backgrounds. The design brief stated the following: ‘You are asked to design a “smart environment”, in the broadest sense of the term, that helps people monitor their health and enables them to positively influence their future health through a sports related, active life style. You should take the interests of all stakeholders into account, which include (but is not limited to) individual users, the sports industry, insurance companies, (local) governmental bodies, et cetera.‘
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e chose office as a context where people are sitting still at their desk all day long. In an office the coffee machine plays a central role therefore we decided to use this cliché. When people are sitting at their desk all day, repetitive movements can cause RSI. By using Coffaction we make people aware that daily movements are important for their health. By providing the right feedback we can show that these movements are necessary for daily exercise and to prevent RSI.
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his project resulted in Coffaction, an interactive Coffeemachine. We created Coffaction because we believe that technology is changing the way we live.
offaction is build to make a statement, we want to design for debate. To let people think about current technology and its impact on our health. Is automation a guaranteed improvement or does it have it’s downsides too?
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echnology is taking away our daily movements because everything that used to be manual is now automatic and hidden inside a machine. This is something that has shown influence on our health. We want to make people
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Process T
his project led to designing a coffee machine called Coffaction. This coffee machine is made to make people aware of daily movements which get lost because of automation.
In this design project we’ve been through a couple of steps wich are show in the figure below. The numbers in the figure are each elaborated in the corresponding paragraphs.
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1. Envisioning Vision
This also was very helpful to get started as a group as everybody gives input en starts imagining the persona.
o know what to design for the societal challenge was reformulated and the vision of the group was defined. The societal challenge as defined for this project was to monitor the health and facilitate a positive influence on health by stimulating a healthy lifestyle. The vision as formulated at the start of the project was the following: Less costs for employer, society and insurance companies. Lead to more happiness, as people will feel better about themselves when they are more healthy. Healthier lifestyle and no obesity. As a context it was decided to design for the office environment, for employees between 40 and 50.
The persona created was Henk (see figure 1 for more detail.)
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Fig 1
2. Exploring Persona
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y creating a persona, you can create a tailored design for the chosen target group.
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3. Envisioning Vision
5. Thinking Ideation
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Make office employees happier, such that they feel better about themselves. We want office employees to work more and get a more active lifestyle. This way they have more chance of staying healthier. By making employees move more they’ll become stronger, healthier and might get more self-esteem. A healthier employee is less often sick and is more productive; furthermore healthy employees work more efficient. This is better for both, society and employers.
6. Making Visualizing
fter the first feedback we were pushed to deepen our vision, create more conceptual context and, create more persona’s to get a more complete and general image of your target group. This was our reformulated vision:
ith the first steps in mind a first ideation round started. This led to a broad set of ideas, which in the end were overarched by the idea of redesigning an office building. (For a complete list of generated ideas see Appendix II)
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ased on the first couple of steps 2 main ideas were developed more. One idea being the ‘Koffiets’ and the second the ‘Work it’ service. The Koffiets was a concept consisting of home trainer like bikes, which would generate energy for their own coffee (see also wewatt.be). There would be a menu showing how much Watt they need to generate for a certain kind of coffee. The bikes would be placed around a bar, where a barista would then serve the coffee for the employees (for the storyboard please look at Appendix III)
4. Exploring Persona elaboration
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he additional persona’s we created are Ingrid and Piet. (To read more in depth, see Appendix I).
The “Work it” service would be a service that would provide the office with different parts to create a healthier working environment. The service’s core is the personal file of the employees
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as it is where the reward system is communicated to the user. The reward system is based on a credit that you can accumulate to buy healthier and tastier meals at the canteen. There would be different ways through which one can accumulate credit (see figure 2).
7. Exploring Research
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ith all this in mind we had a coach meeting where it was pointed out that the ideas needed really more context, better argumentation and more research. To work on the feedback gotten from the coach, we took a step back looked at our vision and did more research. The research was done in different ways, through reflecting with employees and looking at scientific papers. For more information look at Appendix IV.
Fig. 2
WORK IT Stimulating activity office service
1. Commuting
3. The Workspace
- Biking - Far away free parking - Close parking expensive
- Chairs with integrated timer (vibrates) to trigger breaks
Personal profile The reward system is based on credit that you can accumulate to buy healthier and more tasty meals. (or other prizes) Accecible through app or site - Collects credits - Levels up after achieving goals set depending on your health. - Works as a check-in/paying device.
2. The lounge - We-bike to charge phone - We bike to use a free laptop - Wii-sports games/ Kinect
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8. Thinking Ideation
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ased on the mapped movements a variety of ideas were generated for an over view of the ideas see appendix V
9. Exploring Narrowing down
properties. This led to a top 6 of ideas, which were all worked out further by a group member. After reviewing the six best ideas on feasibility, purposefulness and preference, Coffaction was selected.
Fig. 3: NOW, HOW, HOW table
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ot yet achievable chievable
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aving a more researched context and a broad set of ideas, the following step was to converge. The converging phase was done through the HOW?, WOW!, NOW! table (see figure 3), where all group members ranked 5 of the generated ideas with the HOW?, WOW!, NOW!
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HOW? NOW!
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rdinary
WOW!!
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riginal
10. Making Concept develoment
Fig. 4: First buildong steps
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offaction is an interactive coffee machine for the office environment. It will give the users/ employee’s fresh and qualitative coffee as well as a daily exercise for a sustainable health. The Coffaction mechanism has multiple mechanical functions by which an employee can make his or her own coffee, from the grinding of coffee beans to the boiling of the water. The following options could be included: • A coffee bean proportion meter At the start of the manual coffee making is a measurement of the amount of coffee beans. A switch will let the right proportion of coffee beans through for one cup of coffee. At the same time the first arm exercise is taking place, for the user will use the switch which is manual. • A coffee grinder Just like the old fashion coffee grinder, the Coffaction also has a same kind of mechanism. By grinding fresh coffee beans with a grinder attached to a sling. By manually slinging the grinder, the user will get multiple arm and shoulder exercises. This can also be enhanced by enlarging the sling, so that even more muscles will be activated, for example the shoulders and the chest muscles.
• A coffee pad The milled coffee beans will be caught in a movable coffee pad. After the grinding is completed the coffee pad can be moved toward the water tap, making it ready to put hot water through the pad. An enhancement would be to put a spring to the pad, which will make the exercise more challenging and putting the coffee pad back in place for the next user. • A water pump The user will also pump water into the machine with a leverage pump. The water will be put into a boiler to heat up the water afterwards.
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Fig. 6
This can also be enhanced by doing the pumping by foot so the exercises will train very diverse muscles. • A water boiler The water boiler will probably consume more energy for a little exercise, so the plan is to support an energy producing exercise with an elaborating motor for extra supply. • A supportive digital screen The screen will let the user see which muscles he/she is using and which shows what the results will be for the user’s health over a longer period of time. Fig. 5: Digital screen
Pro’s • This product is quick and easy, so the excuse for insufficient time is not very viable any more. • The coffee produced from the machine is fresh and should have a better quality than the ordinary coffee machine. Furthermore users can be proud of themselves, for they have made their own coffee. • So the exercises will also be rewarded, so that the users will be more likely to come back for more exercises. • The feedback from the screen will make clear what the users are doing and why they are doing it? Con’s • The interactive coffee machine will most likely be more expensive than the regular one’s. • The exercises are small and maybe not challenging for everybody. • The potential user can refuse to use the coffee machine and get his coffee somewhere else.
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11. Exploring Feedback audience
With Coffaction we want to: “Make people aware that technology is taking away daily movements.”
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or the midterm presentation a video was made to show the Coffaction concept. By showing our video enactment to a big group and getting feedback from different coaches it helped to develop and adjust our concept.
By taking the coffee cliché in an office and placing the technology from the inside of a regular coffee machine on the outside. In this way we show the physical interactivity, which then also tells more about the product. We will still keep the design SMART giving the user feedback through a small screen.
12. Envisioning Adjusting Vision
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hrough the feedback we got introduced to the idea of ‘Design for debate’. As Dunne & Raby put it, its about the “… shift from thinking about applications to implications creates a need for new design roles, contexts and methods. It’s not only about designing for commercial, market-led contexts but also for broader societal ones. It’s not only about designing products that can be consumed and used today, but also imaginary ones that might exist in years to come. And, it’s not only about imagining things we desire, but also undesirable things -- cautionary tales that highlight what might happen if we carelessly introduce new technologies into society.” (Dunne & Raby (2013) “Design for Debate”, url: www.dunneandraby.co.uk/content/
bydandr/36/0
13. Making Prototyping
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art of the feedback also related to integrating movements to prevent Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). Our adjusted vision and the feedback on preventing RSI we combined into our final prototype. By placing the movements on the outside on the machine and linking them to RSI prevention exercises, this way we make the users aware of the influence of automation on our health. (for more information on the RSI prevention exercises see Appendix VI). Having a clear idea what the concept would have to do, the building process could start. During this phase various sketches were made (See sketches in figure 7 & 8). It was decided to
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keep the overall look brown colored fitting to the coffee theme and the logo design. The prototype was completely made out of MDF. The front part was laser cut to make it fit perfectly and engrave the logo, this ensured a neat look of the final prototype. Of the 4 movement integrated into the prototype, 2 ware made by
us and 2 were integrated by existing objects; a coffee grinder and a foot pump. During the building proces we ran intp a couple of problem to read the reflection about it see Appendix XXX.
Fig. 7: Sketches by Merijn
Fig. 8: Sketches by Tamara
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Feedback Wrist exercise RSI prevention: Place your keyboard right in front of you and you mouse right next to it.
Grab the knob with your hand and turn in in a circular motion using your wrist.
Arm exercise RSI prevention: Adjust you screen to a comfortable height.
Grab the sling with your hand and turn it to grind coffee beans using your arm.
Shoulder exercise RSI prevention: Let your arms float above the keyboard and do not let them rest on it. This will prevent pressure on you wrists.
Grab the knob with your hand and move it up and down to pump hot water.
leg exercise RSI prevention: Make regular pauses to clear your mind.
Step on the peddle to pump water in the coffee machine using your legs.
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hese images are shown on the feedback screen to tell the user what steps to take and give tips on exercises to prevent RSI.
Final version Coffaction
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Future Developments
The paradox issue
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o develop the Coffaction for a more sustainable and qualitative product the following actions could be taken for enhancement.
hrough feedback we noticed that Coffaction has a paradox between the product and the message provided with it. On one hand our message states that technology is reducing our physical activities and is thus bad for the human being. On the other hand the product contains a highly advanced screen which is interactive, so that we implicitly state that we contribute to high technology. We could change this image by making the screen mechanical as well, for example by replacing it with paper notes that change when an exercise is done.
Renewal
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o avoid that users will get bored of the Coffaction we must make sure that it is able to change. This could be done by adding new feedback on the screen or add new exercises to the machine so that it stays interesting and supportive.
Look
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o make the statement about Automation more powerful, we could literally show the mechanisms to the user by replacing the wooden casing with a Plexiglas chasing. By doing this, we hope that the user will think about the message of Coffaction.
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Interview with a physiotherapist
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e were advised to do an interview with a physiotherapist, to find more and better exercises to prevent RSI and perhaps stimulate a healthier lifestyle. Until now we only user literal sources, which are not fit to our product and vision.
Second wrist exercise
Second arm exercise
Keep your arms straight in the air and move them towards each other and back.
Keep your arm straight and push a bar up and down with your hand
Back/spine exercise
Second shoulder exercise
Keep one arm in front of you and one behind you then turn your back from left to right
Keep one arm in front of you and swing it around in a circular motion.
The pictures above show movements that could be integrated when developing Coffaction further.
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Final Feedback A
t the exhibition a lot of people tried our prototype and we received a lot of feedback. Most people were really positive and really liked our idea and the way we worked out our prototype. Someone even thought it was the best at the exhibition. However, besides the positive reactions there were also ideas for improvements. Several people thought we should not use the feedback screen as it is actually the sort of automation we’re criticizing with our design. Someone else thought we should improve the fun factor of the machine, to make it some sort of a game, instead of just the coffee as a reward. It was also suggested that we should talk to a physiotherapist for the movements in our design. One of the coaches suggested that we should improve our slogan and make it more provocative, like; ‘Automation is bad!’ or something like that. A frequently heard problem with our design was that it would probably become boring after a while, and therefore not effective in creating more movements in an office. However, it would probably still serve its purpose as a design for debate. Nevertheless, almost everyone was really positive about our design, so we’re quite content with that.
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Groupmembers
From left to right: Joep Klein Teesselink ,Merijn Meuleman, Sanne Schipper, Michiel van Kooten, Matthijs Hofte & Tamara Hoogeweegen
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Appendix I Persona 1
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enk is 45 years old, is over weighted, in unhappily married with two daughters of 14 and 16. He is a revenue officer who works in a cubicle, goes to work in his lease car and smokes. If Henk isn’t working he likes to watch TV with a bag of chips of to have a bier with his friends.
Persona 2
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iet is 39 year old man, who has a wife and a daughter of 9years old and a dog. Piet has job at a call center as manager. He golfs in the weekends and has an average weight. He goes to work with the public transport and walks 5 minutes to the station. Every night he goes walking for 15 min with his dog.
Persona 3
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ngrid is a 49 years old single woman, who lives in an apartment. She works as a communication advisor at the municipality She is over weighted and wants to lose weight but doesn’t take initiative herself. She drives her fiat panda to work. In her spare time she likes to go to the cinema with her best friend.
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Appendix II Ideation round 1 - - - - - - - -
An app which you scan when entering the building and which collects information with regard to your health, activities and rewardsystem. Few elevators. A kinect workspace. Flexible workstations with a timer so it forces you to move. Free parking spots far away from the office. A treadmill to the canteen. Kinect moving games A movement or activity, which grants you, access to your computer.
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Appendix III Koffiets storyboard
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enk is 45 years old and works as a revenue officer in a small space. He mainly works behind his desk and looking at his computer. This is the main reason, which led to his excessive weight. Since a couple of days ago a new coffee machine has been installed. The coffee machine is focused on a healthier lifestyle by the use of home trainers. Henk becomes interested and walks to the new designed coffee room in his coffee break. In the room, Henk sees a bar with a couple of home trainers attached to it. A bartender signs him to get on a home trainer next to his colleague Ingrid. Once Henk has taken the seat, the bartender tells him that he needs to ride for 5 minutes to produce the amount of energy needed for the production of one regular cup of coffee. Henk starts to cycle for 5 minutes and talks to Ingrid in the meanwhile. After 5 minutes, he is a bit tired; the bartender gives him his own produced cup of coffee and gives him an estimation on how many calories he has lost during the exercise. When he walks back to his office he realizes that the exercise gave him a satisfied feeling. When he is back at his desk, he sits for 10 more minutes recovering from his exercise.
Reflection
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hen we look at the situation, we can see that Henk got his healthy exercise in a ‘smart’ environment. Though, there were some obstacles as well in the process. First of all the exercise took quite a while for the production of one cup of coffee. Also the time Henk needs to recover as an over weighted person has to, is time consuming as well. In this time he’s not working, so his employer needs to decide what would be better, either get healthier employees or have more productive hours. Furthermore the new healthy environment is expensive. The machinery is advanced and obtains quite some space. The bartender also cost money on a daily basis. This can again be replaced by an interactive computer but that will cost money as well.
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Appendix IV Research When looking at the scientific papers it was found that. The American ‘Surgeon general’s report on physical activity and health’ stated in 1996 that an active lifestyle was important to prevent chronicle diseases. Because of the sitting behavior, that most adults lived by, the chance of getting obesity, depression or coronary heart diseases increased. [1] Though the importance of physical activity was publically recommended, 60% of the adults were not physically active and 31% was not active at all.[1] A big excuse for not exercising is that they are to ‘old’ to do so and of the ones who attempted to do regular exercises 50% dropped out before 6 months for there was no visible gain. Furthermore the elderly think that exercising is (too) time consuming, especially the traveling time. Another issue is lack of understanding the link between physical exercise and health. [1] Furthermore we found a couple of points in academic articles which seemed important and salient: it should not be time consuming, the interior of the environment can influence the behavior, and an expert such as a doctor, can influence the behavior.
[1] “Barriers and motivation to exercise in adults, Karen A. Schutzer, 2004” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091743504002026#
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Contextualizing: Talking to people in context Interview with Ahold employee (Sanne’s father) I had an interview with my dad; he sits a lot behind his desk. We wanted to know what movement’s employees make during a day at the office. This way we could look into when it’s a good moment for employees to do some exercise. I asked him how his normal day looks like. He told me that he drives one hour to his office. He gets to work early so he can park his car very close to the entrance. He goes with the elevator to the fourth floor. When he arrives at the fourth floor he has to look for a desk, as they have flexible workspaces. For the next couple of hours he has meetings, for every meeting he takes a cup of coffee. At lunchtime he walks down the stairs to grab some food at the AH to go. He goes up to the fourth floor with the elevator. At 18:00 it time to go home. I also spoke to someone else. His first job was heavy duty. Now he works at an office. It is a big change. He misses the activities on a day. So he and his colleagues go out for running. After work at four a clock they meet outside the building and work out together. Someone else who also works at an office says that it should not take a lot of time. Time is important. Furthermore the employer wouldn’t be happy if employees work less because they need exercise. They must do the exercise in their spare time.
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Appendix V Mapped movements We did some research about the different activities the employees do on a normal workday. All of these activities are a form of movement because we wanted to know what kind of movement an office employee gets so we can determine what solution is best. We sought that movement that could be improved or altered in a way of using more calories, creating awareness or preventing RSI. The following movements are mapped: -
Walking 1. To bathroom 2. To canteen 3. To coffee machine 4. To desk 5. To elevator 6. To smoke area* Writing Bathroom 1. Flush 2. Washing hands Sitting (cost energy and can cause RSI)
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Computer 1. Turning it on 2. Typing 3. Movement with mouse Telephone 1. Answering 2. Calling Smoking* Standing in elevator
The ones with an asterisk are optional we don’t assume that everyone in the office smokes.
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Appendix VI Repetitive Strain Injury RSI Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is a collective term for a variety of complaints that have to do with performing the same movement for a long time. Sometimes small and not resembling strenuous movements can cause RSI. An example of RSI is the use of a computer mouse. A consequence of this can be a mouse arm. To avoid RSI during intensive screen work, there are different measures. Ergonomic design of the workplace can be create: 1) Avoid long time incorrect posture Work at a table, even if you use a laptop, and preferably use a single mouse and keyboard. Provide a comfortable seat, which can be adjusted in height and provides good support for your back and arms. An office chair should support your lower back and you should touch the ground with your feet.
2) Provide a tidy workplace Remove unnecessary stuff away under your desk, so your legs can be in comfortable positions and can move as you want. The same applies to your desk: a tidy desk, you can put your mouse and keyboard at the right place and keep your arms in a good posture.
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hands and fingers in a relaxed position. Then type with your hands floating above the keyboard. While typing do not lie your wrists still, because then there is too much weight.
3) Provide a good adjustment and position of your monitor Make sure your monitor is at a comfortable height so you do not need to keep your head unnaturally high or low. If you’re comfortable, have your eyes in a line with the top of your screen. The distance from the monitor is good if you can touch him with outstretched arms.
4) Use an ergonomic mouse and keyboard 5) Make sure your mouse and keyboards are at the right place Place your keyboard at elbow height in front of you and your mouse as close as possible next. Your upper arms should hang relaxed at your sides. Keep your wrists straight and your arms,
6) Take frequent breaks Make sure you are not too long in a row at the computer. Take pause regularly throughout the day to relax your body and mind. An effective tool is a bottle of water next to you, so you often go to the toilet and so pauses. 7) Listen to your body When complaints of neck, shoulders or wrists, it is important to identify these before they become major injuries. Preventing RSI is a lot easier than treating it. RSI treatment can take up to two years. Take complaints seriously. 8) Avoid light but prolonged pressure Injuries can result from a long period holding the phone or mouse, through your wrists on the edge of your desk to rest, or by typing and mouse clicks. In the long term make sure you type slightly and your hands and fingers relaxed. Keep your mouse or joystick softly. Let your palms or wrists resting on a surface while typing, and make sure that the seat of your chair does not press against your knees.
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Besides the ergonomic design of the workplace and good posture are variation in the work and getting plenty of small and larger breaks important precautions against RSI. Therefore, we have designed coffaction that makes people do exercises against RSI. Coffaction gives also feedback, so it makes people aware of the daily movements. Pictures: Microsoft Healthy Computing Guide Source: http://www.rsi-vereniging.nl/nl/gezond-werken/inrichting-werkplek.html
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Appendix VII Reflection of building process
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e had the idea of building Coffaction into a working coffee machine by buying a coffee machine in a second hand store or online and disassemble it so we could rebuild it fitting in the Coffaction. We started out by thinking what kind of coffee machine we would need and decided that it would be best to get one that doesn’t use pads or other single cup coffee producers so we wouldn’t have to fill it up again every time. e bought a coffee machine in a second hand store which they promised us would work. After disassembling the pieces we rebuild it into a somewhat smaller device that would fit right back in the Coffaction. When we disassembled all the pieces we structured the wires by adding labels and acted very careful on the electrical system. After we rebuild it we thought it would be ready to use because we weren’t missing any parts on the electrical system and rebuild it in the correct way. When we eventually tested the coffee machine the electrical network in Vertigo broke down and we had to shut everything down. After this event happened we thought that hope was lost for the coffee machine which would be placed inside the Coffaction. Joep had a couchsurfer over which studied electrical engineering and he promised to take a look at it. To no avail, the coffee machine was lost and the plan for a working Coffaction was gone. We build the Coffaction in such a way that we would be able to use an external coffee machine to poor coffee in the Coffaction from the backside where it would be least noticable.
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