TAPAS_BOOK_A_R by tapas

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ISBN : 978-81-267-2248-8

ewyÑfr % Broken Republic : Three Essays ls vuqfnr

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jk"Vªifr us lykeh yh ea=kh egksn; dgrs gSa fd Hkkjr ds Hkys ds fy, yksxksa dks vius xk¡o NksM+ nsus pkfg,a vkSj 'kgjksa esa pys vkuk pkfg,A os gkjoMZ fo'ofo|ky; esa i<+s gSaA j¶+rkj ds jfl;k gSaA vkSj la[;kvksa dsA 50 djksM+ izoklh muds [+k;ky esa ,d mEnk O;kikfjd uewuk lkfcr gksxkA gj vkneh vius 'kgjksa dks x+jhcksa ls Hkj nsus ds fopkj dks ilUn ugha djrkA eqEcbZ esa ,d tt us efyu cfLr;ksa esa jgus okyksa dks 'kgjh t+ehu ds tsc&drjs crk;kA nwljs us] vufèkÑr dkWyksfu;ksa dks cqyMkst+jksa ls geokj dj nsus dk vkns'k ikfjr djrs gq, dgk fd 'kgjksa esa jguk ftu yksxksa dh fclkr ls ckgj gS mUgsa ogk¡ ugha jguk pkfg,A tc os yksx] ftUgsa csn[+ky fd;k x;k Fkk ogk¡ okil x;s tgk¡ ls os vk;s Fks rks mUgksaus ik;k fd muds xk¡oksa dks cM+s&cM+s ck¡èkksa vkSj èkwy&Hkjh [knkuksa us fuxy fy;k FkkA muds ?kjksa esa Hkw[k dk clsjk Fkk] vkSj iqfylokyksa dkA taxyksa esa gfFk;kjcUn Nkikekj Hkjrs tk jgs FksA ;q) Hkh izoklh cu x;k FkkA fgUnqLrku ds ljgnh bykD+$ksa] d'ehj] ef.kiqj vkSj uxkyS.M ls mlds ân; izns'k esa pyk vk;k FkkA fygkt+k] yksx 'kgjksa dh HkhM+&Hkjh lM+dksa vkSj i”q$VikFkksa esa ykSV vk;sA os xnZ&x”qckj&Hkjh fuekZ.k&LFkfy;ksa dh >qfXx;ksa esa vV x;s] gSjr ls lksprs

gq, fd bl fo'kky ns'k dk dkSu&lk dksuk muds jgus ds fy, r; FkkA ea=kh egksn; us dgk fd 'kgjksa esa vk cls foLFkkfir yksx T+;knkrj tjk;eis'kk Fks vkSj ^,slk jax&<ax yk;s Fks tks vkèkqfud 'kgjksa dks eat+wj ugha gSA* eè;eoxhZ; tuksa us ea=kh egksn; dh lki+$xksbZ ds fy,] vUèks dks vUèkk dgus dh mudh fgEer ds fy,] mudh rkjhi+$ dhA ea=kh egksn; us dgk fd D+$kuwu vkSj O;oLFkk lqèkkjus ds fy, os vkSj vfèkd iqfyl LVs'ku LFkkfir djsaxs( vkSj vfèkd iqfylokyksa dks Hkjrh djsaxs vkSj igys ls vfèkd la[;k esa lM+dksa ij iqfyl dh xkfM+;k¡ mrkj nsaxsA fnYyh dks 2010 ds jk"Vªe.Myh; [ksy&izfr;ksfxrkvksa ds fy,] ,d fo'o Lrj dh uxjh cukus ds fy,] ,sls D+$kuwu ikfjr fd;s x;s ftUgksaus x+jhcksa dks diM+ksa ij iM+s èkCcksa dh ekfuUn x+k;c dj fn;kA [+kksapk&i+$jks'k yqIr gks x;s] fjD'ksokyksa ds ykblsUl t+Cr gks x;s] NksVs iSekus dh nqdkusa vkSj dke&èkUèks cUn gks x;sA fHk[kkfj;ksa vkSj e¡xrksa dks ?ksj yk;k x;k] lpy vnkyrksa esa lpy ttksa }kjk mudh lquokbZ gqbZ vkSj fQj mUgsa rM+hikj dj fn;k x;kA tks efyu cfLr;k¡ cph jg x;ha] mUgsa foukby dh dukrksa ls <addj vksV esa ys fy;k x;k ftu ij fy[kk Fkk vkidh fnYyh [”kq'k&vkenhnA u;h fD+$Le ds iqfylokyksa us lM+dksa ij x'r yxkuk 'kq: dj fn;k] csgrj gfFk;kjksa ls ySl] csgrj ofnZ;ksa esa vkSj pkgs ftruh [kqtyh D;ksa u eps] lkoZtfud :i ls vius xqIrkaxksa dks [kqtkus ls xqjst+ djus okysA gj txg dSejs yxs Fks] gj pht+ dks fjdkWMZ djrs gq,A lll

nks uUgs vijkèkh ,slk jax&<ax viuk dj tks vkèkqfud 'kgjksa dks ukxokj xqt+jrk Fkk] iqfyl ds tky ls cp&cpk dj] ,d vkSjr ds ut+nhd igq¡ps tks yky cÙkh ij viuh pedrh gqbZ dkj dh peM+s dh xn~nh vkSj èkwi ds p'es ds chp Q¡lh gqbZ FkhA cs'kehZ ls mUgksaus iSlksa Hkwfedk

dh i+$ekZb'k dhA vkSjr vehj vkSj jgefny FkhA vijkfèk;ksa ds flj mldh dkj dh f[kM+dh ls Å¡ps u FksA muds uke #fDe.kh vkSj deyh FksA ;k 'kk;n esg#fUulk vkSj 'kkgckuksA ¼dkSu ijokg djrk gS½A vkSjr us mUgsa iSls vkSj FkksM+h&lh ek¡vksa ljh[kh ulhgr nhA nl #i;s deyh ¼;k 'kkgckuks½ dksA ^vkil esa ck¡V yks]* mlus muls dgk vkSj tc gjh cÙkh gqbZ rks i+$jkZVs ls py nhA #fDe.kh vkSj deyh ¼;k 'kk;n esg#fUulk vkSj 'kkgckuks½ ejthoM+ksa dh rjg ,d&nwljh ij VwV iM+ha] ekuks os tsy ds vgkrs esa ekSr dh lt+k ik;s nks D+$Snh gksaA gj fpduh&pedrh dkj] tks muds ikl ls vkSj mUgsa D+$jhc&D+$jhc dqpyrh gqbZ xqt+jh] vius njokt+ksa ij mudh tax ds] vkj&ikj dh mudh yM+kbZ ds] vDl fy;s xqt+jrh jghA vkf[kjdkj nksuksa yM+fd;k¡ fcuk dksbZ fu'kku NksM+s x+k;c gks x;ha] tSls fnYyh esa gt+kjksa cPps x+k;c gks tkrs gSaA jk"Vªe.Myh; [ksy&izfr;ksfxrk,¡ dke;kc jghaA lll

nks eghus ckn] fgUnqLrku ds x.kra=k cuus dh 62oha t;Urh ds ekSD+$s ij lSfud cyksa us x.kra=k fnol dh ijsM esa vius u;s gfFk;kjksa dh uqekb'k dhA vusd ufy;ksa okys :lh jkWdsV iz{ksid] taxh foeku] gYds gsfydkWIVj vkSj ukSlsuk ds fy, ikuh dh lrg ds uhps ekj djus okys gfFk;kjA u;s gfFk;kjksa ds uke jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr tSlh lr&vlr dh ikSjkf.kd yM+kb;ksa ds uk;dksa ds uke ij j[ks x;s FksA u;s Vh&90 taxh VSadksa dk uke Hkh"e FkkA ¼iqjkukokyk vtqZu Fkk½A uohure Hkkjh VkWjihMks o#.kkL=k Fkk vkSj ekjhp viuh rji+$ vkrs VkWjihMks dks Nykok nsdj D+$kcw esa djus okys ;a=k dk uke FkkA ¼d'ehj dh ci+$hZyh lM+dksa ij x'r yxkrh c[+rjcUn xkfM+;ksa ij fy[ks uke gSa guqeku vkSj otz½A ;g egt+ bÙki+$kD+$ Fkk fd ;s lkjs uke fgUnw egkdkO;ksa ls fy;s x;s FksA vxj Hkkjr ,d fgUnw jk"Vª gS rks ;g ,d dqla;ksx gh gSA Hkwfedk

lsuk dh flXuy jsftesaV ds tk¡ckt+ksa us eksVjlkbfdyksa ij lokj gksdj jkWdsV dh 'kDy vf[+r;kj dhA fQj mUgksaus mM+rs i[ks#vksa dh rjrhc esa djrc fn[kk;s vkSj vkf[+kj esa ,d ekuo&fijkfeM dk :i xzg.k fd;kA Åij vkdk'k esa rhu lq[kksbZ tsV foekuksa us ,d f=k'kwy cuk;kA gj tsV dh D+$her 3 djksM+ 20 yk[k MkWyj Fkh ;kuh f'ko ds f=k'kwy ds fy, 10 djksM+ MkyjA jksekafpr tu lewg us lfnZ;ksa ds efj;y&ls lw;Z dh vksj vk¡[ksa mBk;ha vkSj gokbZ djrcksa ij rkfy;k¡ ctk;haA Åij vkdk'k esa tsV foekuksa dh f>yfeykrh #igyh lrg ij #fDe.kh vkSj deyh ¼;k 'kk;n esg#fUulk vkSj 'kkgckuks½ dh vkj&ikj dh yM+kbZ dk izfrfcEc >yd jgk FkkA lsuk dk cSaM jk"Vªh; èkqu ctk jgk FkkA jk"Vªifr us viuh lkM+h dk iYyw flj ij [khapk vkSj lykeh yhA xii

Qjojh] 2011

fpnEcje th dh tax tc Hkkjr uke dk dksbZ ns'k vkSj mM+hlk uke dk dksbZ izns'k ugha Fkk] ml le; ls Hkh cgqr igys ls nf{k.kh mM+hlk dh piVh pksfV;ksa okyh] uhph igkfM+;k¡ Mksaxfj;k dksaM vkfnokfl;ksa dk clsjk jgh gSaA ;s igkfM+;k¡ dksaM vkfnokfl;ksa dh vkSj dksaM vkfnoklh budh fuxgckuh djrs Fks vkSj bUgsa thfor nsork ekudj iwtrs FksA vkt bu igkfM+;ksa dks cspk tk jgk gS] D;ksafd buesa ckWDlkbV gSA dksaM vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, ;g ,sls gh gS] tSls nsork dh cksyh yxk nh x;h gksA os iwNrs gSa] vxj ;gh nsork jke ;k vYykg ;k bZlk elhg gksrk] rks mldh fdruh D+$her yxrh\ 'kk;n dksaM bl ckr ls lUrq"V ekus tk jgs gksaxs fd muds Hkxoku fu;e jktk ds fuokl fu;efxfj igkM+hd – ks ,d ,slh dEiuh dks cspk x;k

gS] ftldk uke osnkUr gSf– gUnw n'kZu dh og 'kk[kk tks Kku ds vfUre Lo:i dh f'k{kk nsrh gSA ;g nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s [kuu fuxeksa esa ls ,d gSA blds ekfyd ,d Hkkjrh; vjcifr vfuy vxzoky gSaA os yUnu ds ftl ?kj esa jgrs gSa] og dHkh bZjku ds 'kkg dk gqvk djrk FkkA osnkUr mu cgqr&lh cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa esa ls egt+ ,d gS tks mM+hlk dh vksj tLr yxk;s c<+ jgh gSaA1 vxj bu piVh pksfV;ksa okyh igkfM+;ksa dks u"V dj fn;k x;k] rks bUgsa <¡dus okys taxy Hkh u"V gks tk;saxsA ;gh gky mu ufn;ksa vkSj lksrksa dk Hkh gksxk] tks buls fudyrs gSa vkSj uhps eSnkuksa dks lhaprs gSaA buds lkFk Mksaxfj;k dksaM Hkh u"V gks tk;saxs vkSj lkFk gh os gt+kjksa&yk[kksa vkfnoklh Hkh] tks ouksa ls <¡ds] Hkkjr ds ân;LFky esa jgrs gSa] vkSj ftuds fuokl&LFkkuksa ij Hkh blh rjg geyk gks jgk gSA gekjs HkhM+&HkkM+ okys èkq¡vkrs 'kgjksa esa dqN yksx dgrs gSa] ^rks D;k gqvk\ fdlh&u&fdlh dks rks fodkl dh D+$her pqdkuh gh gksxhA* dqN rks ;gk¡ rd dgrs gSa] ^;g rks gksuk gh gS] ;s ,sls yksx gSa ftudk oD+r vk pqdk gSA fdlh Hkh fodflr ns'k dh rji+$ ns[kks;– jw ksi] vejhdk] vkWLVªfs y;k–lHkh dk ,d ^^vrhr** gSA* ;D+$huu gSA rks fQj Hkyk ^^gekjk** Hkh D;ksa u gks\ ljdkj us blh lksp ij dke djrs gq, vkWijs'ku xzhug.V dh ?kks"k.kk dj Mkyh gS,– d tax] tks dfFkr :i ls mu ^ekvksoknh* fonzkfs g;ksa ds f[+kyki+$ pyk;h tk;sxh ftUgksaus eè; Hkkjr ds taxyksa esa vius eq[;ky; cuk;s gq, gSaA t+kfgj gS] bl ns'k esa vdsys ekvksoknh gh ugha gSa tks fonzksg dj jgs gSaA lewps ns'k esa la?k"kks± dh ,slh reke èkkjk,¡ gSa ftuesa gj fD+$Le ds yksx yxs gq, gSa % Hkwfeghu] nfyr] cs?kjckj] et+nwj] fdlku] cqudjA ;s lHkh vU;k;ksa ds ,sls fojkV ra=k ds f[+kyki+$ [kM+s gSa ftuesa os uhfr;k¡ 'kkfey gSa tks yksxksa dh t+ehuksa vkSj lalkèkuksa ij Fkksd ds fglkc ls dkWjiksjsV D+$Ct+s dh NwV nsrh gSaA ysfdu bu lHkh esa ls ljdkj us vdsys ekvksokfn;ksa dks lcls cM+s [+krjs ds :i esa igpkuk vkSj pquk gSA dqN lky igys] tc pht+sa dgha ls Hkh vkt ftruh cqjh ugha Fkha] izèkkuea=kh us ekvksokfn;ksa dks ^ns'k dh vkUrfjd lqj{kk ds fy, vdsyk lcls cM+k [+krjk*2 crk;k FkkA lEHkor% ;g mudh dgh lcls cgqpfpZr vkSj ckj&ckj nqgjk;h tkus okyh ckr ds :i esa ntZ dh tk;sxhA fdUgha dkj.kksa ls vkgr ns'k

tc mUgksaus tuojh 2009 dks eq[;eaf=k;ksa ds lEesyu esa ekvksokfn;ksa dh lsuk dks ^ekewyh {kerkvksa* okyh D+$jkj fn;k] rks bl ckr dk 'kk;n mruk rh[kk vlj ugha gqvk FkkA3 mUgksaus 9 twu] 2009 dks viuh ljdkj dh okLrfod fpUrk laln esa j[kh] tc mUgksua s dgk–^vxj okeiUFkh vfrokn ns'k ds mu fgLlksa esa iuirk jgk tgk¡ [kfut vkSj nwljh D+$herh pht+ksa ds fojkV izkÑfrd lalkèku ekStwn gSa] rks ;g fuos'k ds ekgkSy dks fuf'pr rkSj ij izHkkfor djsxkA*4 dkSu gSa ;s ekvksoknh\ ;s izfrcfUèkr Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekvksoknh½ ;k lhihvkbZ ¼ekvksoknh½ ds lnL; gSm–a lh Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekDlZoknh&ysfuuoknh½ ds dbZ oa'ktksa esa ls ,d] ftlus 1969 ds uDlyh mHkkj dk usr`Ro fd;k Fkk vkSj fQj vkxs pydj Hkkjr ljdkj us ftldk li+$k;k dj fn;k FkkA ekvksoknh ekurs gSa fd Hkkjrh; lekt dh lewph lajpuk esa vUrfuZfgr fo"kerk dks lekIr djus ds fy, Hkkjrh; jkT; dks fgald rjhD+$ksa ls m[kkM+ Qsaduk gh ,dek=k jkLrk jg x;k gSA >kj[k.M vkSj fcgkj esa ekvksoknh dE;qfuLV lsaVj ¼,elhlh½ vkSj vkUèkz izns'k esa ihiqYl okj xqzi ¼ih-MCY;w-th-½ ds vius iqjkus vorkjksa ds :i esa ekvksokfn;ksa dks t+cnZLr tu&leFkZu gkfly FkkA ¼2004 esa dqN le; ds fy, tc bu ij ls izfrcUèk gVk;k x;k Fkk rks okjaxy dh mudh jSyh esa 10 yk[k ls vfèkd yksxksa us fgLlk fy;k FkkA½ ysfdu vkf[+kjdkj vkUèkz izns'k esa muds gLr{ksi dk vUr cqjk gqvkA mUgksaus ogk¡ ,slh fgald fojklr NksM+h fd ekvksokfn;ksa ds dqN dV~Vj leFkZd Hkh muds dVq vkykspd cu x;sA vkUèkz izns'k iqfyl vkSj ekvksokfn;ksa nksuksa dh vksj ls gqbZ gR;k vkSj cnys dh gR;k ds nkSj ds ckn ih-MCkY;w-th- dk [+kkRek gks x;kA tks cp fudyus esa dke;kc jgs] vkUèkz izns'k ls Hkkxdj iM+kslh jkT; NÙkhlx<+ vk x;sA ;gk¡ mUgksaus ?kus taxyksa ds chp vius mu lkfFk;ksa dk gkFk Fkke fy;k] tks igys ls gh n'kdksa ls bl bykds esa lfØ; FksA ,sls de gh ^ckgjh* yksx gSa ftUgsa taxyksa esa pyk;s tk jgs ekvksoknh vkUnksyu dh vlyh izÑfr ds ckjs esa vk¡[kksa&ns[kh tkudkjh gSA gky gh esa buds 'kh"kZ usrkvksa esa ls ,d–dkWejsM x.kifr–ds lk{kkRdkj esa Nik] mlesa ,slk dqN Hkh fo'ks"k ugha Fkk tks mu yksxksa dk eu cny ikrk] tks lksprs gSa fd ekvksoknh fpnEcje th dh tax

ckDlkbV [kkusa] neutksM+h] mM+hlk] 2005 vxj bu piVh pksfV;ksa okyh igkfM+;ksa dks u"V dj fn;k x;k] rks bUgsa <¡dus okys taxy Hkh u"V gks tk;saxsA ;gh gky mu ufn;ksa vkSj lksrksa dk Hkh gksxk] tks buls fudyrs gSa vkSj uhps eSnkuksa dks lhaprs gSaA buds lkFk Mksaxfj;k dksaM Hkh u"V gks tk;saxs vkSj lkFk gh os gt+kjksa&yk[kksa vkfnoklh Hkh] tks ouksa ls <¡ds] Hkkjr ds ân;LFky esa jgrs gSa] vkSj ftuds fuokl&LFkkuksa ij Hkh blh rjg geyk gks jgk gSA

fu;kefxjh] mM+hlk] 2010 fp=k&2 % ;s igkfM+;kยก dksaM vkfnokfl;ksa dh vkSj dksaM vkfnoklh budh fuxgckuh djrs Fks vkSj bUgsa thfor nsork eku dj iwtrs FksA

fdlh Hkh vlgefr dks cnkZ'r u djus okys] {kekghu vkSj rkuk'kkgh izo`fÙk;ksa ds yksx gSaA5 dkWejsM x.kifr us ,slk dqN Hkh ugha dgk tks yksxksa dks ;g euok ikrk fd vxj dHkh ekvksoknh lÙkk esa vk;s rks os Hkkjrh; lekt dh ixyk nsus okyh tkfr&foHkkftr fofoèkrk ls fuiVus ds D+$kfcy gksaxsA lk{kkRdkj esa ljljh rkSj ij fycjs'ku VkbxlZ vkWi+$ rfey bZye ¼fyV~Vs½ dks mudk vuqeksnu ekvksokfn;ksa ds cM+s&ls&cM+s leFkZd dks ngyk nsus ds fy, dki+$h FkkA ,slk fli+$Z blfy, ugha fd

fyV~Vs us ftu rjhD+$kas ls viuk la?k"kZ pyk;k os vR;Ur ccZjrkiw.kZ Fks] cfYd blfy, Hkh] D;ksafd Jhyadk ds rfeyksa dks tSlh Hkh"k.k foHkhf"kdk >syuh iM+h gS] mldh dqN ft+Eesnkjh fuf'pr :i ls fyV~Vs dh Hkh curh gS] D;ksafd og mudk izfrfufèk gksus dk nkok djrk FkkA fi+$ygky] eè; Hkkjr esa ekvksokfn;ksa dh tks Nkikekj lsuk gS] og yxHkx lkjh&dh&lkjh x+jhc vkfnokfl;ksa ls feydj cuh gS tks ,d yEcs vlsZ ls vdky ds dxkj ij igq¡ph Hkq[kejh ds ,sls gkykr esa thrs vk jgs gSa ftudh rqyuk viz+$hdk ds lgkjk jsfxLrku ds fupys bykD+$ksa ls gh dh tk ldrh gSA ;s ,sls yksx gSa ftUgsa RkFkkdfFkr vkt+knh ds 60 lky ckn Hkh f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj D+$kuwuh lsok,¡ e;Llj ugha gSaA n'kdksa ls budk ccZj 'kks"k.k gksrk jgk gSA NksVs&eksVs dkjksckjh vkSj lwn[+kksj bUgsa yxkrkj Nyrs jgs gSaA iqfyl vkSj ou foHkkx ds deZpkjh budh vkSjrksa ls cykRdkj dks viuk vfèkdkj le>rs jgs gSaA ,sls esa budss vkRe&lEeku dh FkksM+h&cgqr vkHkk okil vk;h gS rks mldk Js; vkgr ns'k

ekvksoknh dk;ZdrkZvksa dks tkrk gS tks buds lkFk n'kdksa ls jgrs] dke djrs vkSj buds dUèks&ls&dUèkk feykdj yM+rs vk;s gSaA vkt vxj vkfnokfl;ksa us gfFk;kj mBk fy;s gSa] rks blfy,] D;ksfa d og ljdkj ftlus bUgsa fgalk vkSj mis{kk ds vykok vkSj dqN ugha fn;k] vc budh vkf[kjh + + pht+ Hkh Nhu ysuk pkgrh gS % budh tehuA t+kfgj gS] tc ljdkj dgrh gS fd og muds {ks=k dk ^fodkl* djuk pkg jgh gS] rks os bl ckr ij fo'okl ugha djrsA mUgsa ;D+$hu ugha

gS fd nUrsokM+k esa jk"Vªh; [kfut fodkl fuxe }kjk gokbZ iV~Vh ftruh pkSM+h lM+d egt+ blfy, cuok;h tk jgh gS fd os vius cPpksa dks Ldwy ys tk ldsaA mUgsa yxrk gS fd vxj mUgksaus viuh t+ehu dh yM+kbZ ugha yM+h] rks os u"V gks tk;saxsA vkSj blhfy, mUgksaus gfFk;kj mBk fy;s gSaA Hkys gh ekvksoknh vkUnksyu ds fopkjd ;g dgsa fd os vUrr% Hkkjrh; jkT;&O;oLFkk dk r[+rk iyVus ds fy, yM+ jgs gSa] bl le; os Hkh tkurs gSa fd mudh QVsgky] dqiksf"kr lsuk] ftlds flikfg;ksa esa ls vfèkdka'k us dHkh dksbZ jsyxkM+h ;k cl ;k NksVk D+$Lck rd ugha ns[kk] fli+$Z ft+Unk cps jgus ds fy, gh yM+ jgh gSA 2008 esa ;kstuk vk;ksx }kjk fu;qDr fo'ks"kKksa ds ,d lewg us ,d fjiksVZ is'k dh– ^vfrokn izHkkfor {ks=kksa esa fodkl lEcUèkh pqukSfr;k¡A* mlesa dgk x;k Fkk fd ^^uDlyoknh ¼ekvksoknh½ vkUnksyu dks ,sls jktuSfrd vkUnksyu ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k tkuk pkfg, fpnEcje th dh tax

rsjg Vu iRFkjksa vkSj pV~Vkuksa esa ,d Vu ckDlkWbV izkIr gksrk gSA bu rkykcksa esa fn[k jgh ^yky dhpM+* og tgjhyk vo'ks"k gS tks bldh 'kks/ku izfØ;k ls mRiUu gksrk gS ftlesa ckWDlkbV vY;qehfu;e esa cny tkrk gSA

ftldk Hkwfeghu vkSj x+jhc fdlkuksa vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ds chp ,d et+cwr vkèkkj gSA mlds iSnk gksus vkSj Qyus&Qwyus dks mu yksxksa dh lkekftd fLFkfr;ksa vkSj vuqHkoksa ds lUnHkks± esa ns[kus dh t+:jr gS tks mldk fgLlk gSaA jkT; dh uhfr vkSj mlds vey ds chp dh xgjh [kkbZ bu fLFkfr;ksa dk ,d y{k.k gSA gkyk¡fd mldh ?kksf"kr nh?kZdkyhu fopkjèkkjk cyiwoZd jkt&lÙkk ij D+$Ct+k djus dh gS] viuh jkst+ejkZ dh vfHkO;fDr esa mls bl :i esa ns[kk tkuk pkfg, fd og cqfu;knh rkSj ij lkekftd U;k;] cjkcjh] lqj{kk vkSj LFkkuh; fodkl ds fy, dh tk jgh yM+kbZ gSA**6 ;g vkdyu ^ns'k dh vkUrfjd lqj{kk ds fy, vdsyk lcls cM+k [+krjk* okys vkdyu ls dkslksa nwj gSA pw¡fd ekvksoknh fonzksg g¶+rs dh ilUnhnk feBkbZ gS] blfy, lcls fpduh [kky okys [kk;s&v?kk;s fcYys ls ysdj lcls fcds gq, v[+kckj dk lcls fNnzkUos"kh vkSj }s"k&Hkjk lEiknd rd vpkud ;g eku ysus dks rRij tku iM+rk gS fd bl leL;k dh tM+ esa n'kdksa dk tek gqvk vU;k; gSA ysfdu bl leL;k dks gkFk esa ysus dh ctk;] ftldk eryc 21oha lnh ds bl ^xksYM j'k* ij yxke yxkuk gksxk] os bl cgl dks ekvksoknh ^vkradokn* ds ckjs esa cM+s lkfRod Øksèk ds 'kksj&Hkjs foLQksV }kjk ,d fcYdqy vyx fn'kk esa ys tkus dh dksf'k'k esa tqVs gq, gSaA exj os [”kqn vius vki gh ls ckrsa dj jgs gSaA ftu yksxksa us gfFk;kj mBk fy;s gSa] os viuk lkjk le; Vhoh ns[kus ¼;k mlesa izdV gksus½ ;k v[+kckj i<+us ;k fQj ^vkt dk uSfrd iz'u* ij ,l,e-,l- er&laxzg djkus esa % D;k fgalk vPNh gS ;k cqjh\ vius mÙkj Hkstus ds fy, Mk;y djsa esa ugha t+k;k dj jgs gSa] os ogk¡ gSaA os yM+ jgs gSaA mUgsa ;D+$hu gS fd mUgsa vius ?kjksa vkSj viuh t+ehuksa dks cpkus dk gD+$ gSA mUgsa fo'okl gS fd os U;k; ikus ds vfèkdkjh gSaA vius [kk;s&fi;s&v?kk;s ukxfjdksa dks iwjh rjg lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, ljdkj us bu [+krjukd yksxksa ds f[+kyki+$ ;q) dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh gSA ,d ,slk ;q)] ftls thrus ds ckjs esa og dgrh gS fd rhu ls ik¡p cjl yx tk;saxsA ^ckrphr* ;k lqyg&le>kSrksa* dh dksbZ [kql&Qql Hkh ugha gSA vthc gS u] fd 26@11 ds eqEcbZ geyksa ds ckn Hkh ljdkj ikfdLrku ls ckrphr ds fy, rS;kj FkhA og phu ls ckrphr ds fy, rS;kj gS] ysfdu tc x+jhcksa ds f[+kyki+$ vkgr ns'k

yM+kbZ NsM+us dk loky vkrk gS] rc yxrk gS mls dksbZ Ågk&iksg ugha gSA ;g dki+$h ugha gS fd gR;k djus dk ykblsal fy;s] xzsgkm.M] dkscjk vkSj LdkWfiZ;u tSls ik'kfod ukeksa okyh fo'ks"k iqfyl taxyksa esa x'r yxk jgh gSA ;g dki+$h ugha gS fd dsUnzh; fjt+oZ iqfyl cy ¼lhvkjih,i+$½] lhek lqj{kk cy ¼ch,l,i+$½ vkSj dq[;kr uxk cVkfy;u lqnwj xk¡oksa esa igys gh t?kU; vR;kpkj djds D+$gj cjik dj pqdh gSA ;g Hkh dki+$h ugha gS fd ljdkj ^tu fefyf'k;k]* lyok tqMqe dks leFkZu nsrs gq, mls gfFk;kjcUn djrh gS] ftlus nUrsokM+k ds taxyksa esa ekjrs&dkVrs] cykRdkj djrs vkSj vkx yxkrs gq,] 50]000 yksxksa dks lM+d fdukjs ds iqfyl f'kfojksa esa yk Qsadk gS vkSj rhu yk[k yksxksa dks cs?kj&ckj ;k fNius dks etcwj dj fn;k gSA ljdkj vc Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl vkSj nfl;ksa&gt+kjksa v)Z&lSU; cyksa dh VqdfM+;k¡ ogk¡ rSukr djus tk jgh gSA ,d lwpuk ds eqrkfcD+$ mlus fcykliqj esa fczxsM eq[;ky; cukus dh ;kstuk cuk;h gS ¼tks ukS xk¡oksa dks mtkM+dj foLFkkfir djsxk½ vkSj jktuk¡nxk¡o esa gokbZ vM~Mk cukus dh ¼ftlls lkr xk¡o mtM+ tk;saxs½A7 t+kfgj gS] ;s i+$Slys dqN vlkZ igys fy;s x;s FksA losZ{k.k gks pqdk gS] LFkku pqu fy;s x;s gSaA fnypLi ckr gS! ;kuh ;q) dk bjknk dki+$h igys gh cuk fy;k x;k FkkA vkSj vc] Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk ds gsfydkWIVjksa dks Hkh ^vkRe&j{kk* ds rgr xksyh pykus dh NwV ns nh x;h gS] ogh vfèkdkj ftlls ljdkj us vius lcls x+jhc ukxfjdksa dks oafpr j[kk gSA exj loky gS vkf[+kj fdl ij xksyh pyk;h tk;sxh\ lqj{kk cy Hkyk taxy esa cngokl Hkkxrs ,d vke vkneh vkSj ekvksoknh ds chp dSls i+$D+$Z djsaxs\ D;k lfn;ksa ls rhj&deku ysdj pyus okys vkfnokfl;ksa dks Hkh vc ekvksoknh ekuk tk;sxk\ D;k ekvksokfn;ksa ds vfgald leFkZd Hkh vc okftc fu'kkuk gksaxs\ tc eSa nUrsokM+k esa Fkh] rc iqfyl vèkh{kd us eq>s 19 ^ekvksokfn;ksa* dh rLohjsa fn[kk;h Fkha] ftUgsa ^muds tokuksa* us ekj fxjk;k FkkA eSaus iwNk fd vkf[+kj eSa dSls eku yw¡ fd ;s ekvksoknh gSa\ mlus dgk] ^;s nsf[k,] eSMe] buds ikl eysfj;k dh nokb;k¡] fMVkWy dh cksrysa gSa] ckgj ls vk;h ;s lkjh pht+saA* vkWijs'ku xzhug.V vkf[+kj fdl rjg dk ;q) gksxk\ D;k ge dHkh tku ik;saxs\ taxyksa ls cgqr [+kcjsa ckgj ugha vk ikrhaA if'pe caxky esa ykyx<+ fpnEcje th dh tax

dks ?ksj dj vyx dj fn;k x;k gSA tks Hkhrj tkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa] mudh fiVkbZ gksrh gS vkSj fxj¶+rkj dj fy;k tkrk gSA vkSj gk¡] mUgsa ekvksoknh dg fn;k tkrk gSA nUrsokM+k esa fgeka'kq dqekj dk xk¡èkhoknh dqVhj] ^ouoklh psruk vkJe* dqN gh ?k.Vksa esa cqyMkst+jksa ls t+ehankst+ dj fn;k x;kA ;q) {ks=k 'kq: gksus ls igys dk og vkf[+kjh rVLFk LFkku Fkk] tgk¡ vius dke ds nkSjku i=kdkj] dk;ZdrkZ] 'kksèkdrkZ vkSj rF;kUos"kh ny #dk djrs FksA bl nkSjku ljdkj us viuk lcls dkjxj ekspkZ [kksy fn;k gSA rD+$jhcu jkrksa&jkr gekjs fufgr LokFkks± okys ehfM;k us ^bLykeh vkradokn* dh i+$t+hZ] viq"V vkSj ixyk;h [+kcjksa dh txg vc ^yky vkradokn* dh [+kcjsa QSykuh 'kq: dj nh gSaA bl lkjs 'kksj&x+qy ds chp ekspsZ ij pqIih dk ?ksjk yxkrkj dBksjrk ls dlk tk jgk gSA 'kk;n ^Jhyadk tSlk gy* fudkyus dh ;kstuk gSA vdkj.k ugha gS fd fyV~Vs ij gky ds geys ds nkSjku Jhyadk ljdkj }kjk fd;s x;s ;q) vijkèkksa dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; tk¡p djkus dh tks ek¡x ;wjksih; la?k dh vksj ls la;qDr jk"Vª esa dh x;h Fkh] mls Hkkjr us ckfèkr dj fn;k FkkA8 bl fn'kk esa lcls igyk D+$ne og ljdkjh izpkj gS ftlus ns'k Hkj esa tkjh fofHkUu fD+$Le ds izfrjksèk vkUnksyuksa dks Bksad&ihV dj tkWtZ cq'k ds lhèks&lkns nqjaxs i+$kWewZys esa fi+$V dj fn;k gS % vxj rqe gekjs lkFk ugha gks] rks rqe ekvksokfn;ksa ds lkFk gksA ekvksoknh ^[+krjs* dks tku&cw>dj c<+k&p<+k dj fn[kkus ls jkT; dks vius lSU; vfHk;ku dks lgh Bgjkus esa enn feyrh gS ¼vkSj fuf'pr rkSj ij blls ekvksokfn;ksa dk dksbZ uqD+$lku ugha gksrkA vkf[+kj dkSu&lk jktuSfrd ny bruk cM+k rex+k ikdj] bruk è;ku vkdf"kZr djds nq[kh gksxk\½ ftl chp ^vkrad ds f[+kyki+$* ;q) dk ;g u;k tqM+ok¡ vfHk;ku lkjh vkWfDltu [khaprs gq, gesa csne djsxk] mlh chp jkT; ekSD+$s dk i+$k;nk mBkdj lSdM+ksa vU; izfrjksèk vkUnksyuksa dks ekvksoknh leFkZd D+$jkj nsdj mUgsa vius lSU; vfHk;ku ds yisVs esa ys ysxkA eSa Hkys gh Hkfo";dky dh 'kCnkoyh bLrseky dj jgh gw¡] ysfdu ;g izfØ;k 'kq: Hkh gks pqdh gSA if'pe caxky ljdkj us uUnhxzke vkSj flaxqj esa ,slk gh djus dh dksf'k'k dh] ij foQy jghA Bhd bl le; ykyx<+ esa ^iqfyl la=kkl fojksèkh tulkèkkj.ksj desVh* dks yxkrkj lhihvkbZ ¼ekvksoknh½ dh [kqyh 'kk[kk crk;k tk jgk gS] tcfd ;g ,d tukUnksyu gS tks ekvksokfn;ksa vkgr ns'k

ls Lora=k gS] Hkys gh muls lgkuqHkwfr j[krk gSA x+Sj&t+ekurh fgjklr esa j[ks x;s blds usrk N=kèkj egrks dks ges'kk ^ekvksoknh usrk* dgk x;k gSA is'ks ls MkWDVj vkSj ukxfjd Lora=krk ds fy, dke djus okys dk;ZdrkZ MkW- fcuk;d lsu dh dgkuh rks ge lHkh tkurs gSa] ftUgsa ekvksokfn;ksa dk lUns'kokgd dg dj i+$t+hZ vkjksi esa nks lky rd tsy esa j[kk x;kA9 ftl nkSjku vkWijs'ku xzhug.V lcdh fuxkgksa ds dsUnz esa jgsxk] Hkkjr ds vU; fgLlksa esa] ;q) {ks=k ls nwj] x+jhcksa] et+nwjksa] Hkwfeghuksa vkSj mu yksxksa ds vfèkdkjksa ij geyk vkSj rst+ gksxk ftudh t+ehusa ljdkj ^lkoZtfud mn~ns';* ds uke ij gM+iuk pkg jgh gSA mudk nnZ vkSj xgjkrk tk;sxk vkSj mudh vkokt+ uD+D+$kj[+kkus esa rwrh dh vkokt+ cu dj jg tk;sxhA ,d ckj ;q) 'kq: gks tkus ij] nwljs ;q)ksa dh rjg] bldh Hkh ,d viuh xfr cu tk;sxh] viuk rdZ'kkL=k vkSj viuh vFkZ&O;oLFkk fodflr gks tk;sxhA ;g ,d thou dk <jkZ cu tk;sxk ftls iyVuk yxHkx vlEHko gksxkA iqfyl ls mEehn dh tk;sxh fd og lsuk dh rjg] gR;k djus okyh fueZe e'khu dh rjg is'k vk;sA v)ZlSfud cyksa ls mEehn dh tk;sxh fd os Hkz"V vkSj cnuke iqfyl dh rjg iz'kklfud cy cu tk;saA geus uxkyS.M] ef.kiqj vkSj d'ehj esa ,slk gksrs gq, ns[kk gSA ;gk¡ i+$D+$Z fli+$Z ;g gksxk fd lqj{kk cyksa dks cgqr tYnh ;g ckr le> esa vk tk;sxh fd ftu yksxksa ds f[+kyki+$ os yM+ jgs gSa] muls os FkksM+k gh de n;uh; gSaA le; ds lkFk yksxksa vkSj D+$kuwu ds j{kdksa ds chp foHkktu js[kk vkSj iryh gksrh pyh tk;sxhA cUnwd vkSj xksfy;ksa dh [+kjhn&i+$jks[r 'kq: gkss tk;sxh ¼,slk gks Hkh jgk gS½A pkgs lqj{kk cy gksa ;k ekvksoknh ;k fQj yM+kbZ esa u 'kkfey vke ukxfjd]–vehjksa ds bl ;q) esa tks ekjs tk;saxs] os fuèkZure yksx gh gksaxsA gkyk¡fd vxj vehjksa dks fo'okl gS fd bl ;q) ls mu ij dksbZ vlj ugha iM+sxk] rks mUgsas ,d ckj fQj ls lksp ysuk pkfg,A bl ;q) esa tks lalkèku yxsaxs] os ns'k dh vFkZ&O;oLFkk dks y¡xM+k&ywyk cuk nsaxsA fiNys g¶+rs ns'k Hkj ds ukxfjd Lora=krk lewgksa us fnYyh esa flyflysokj dbZ cSBdsa vk;ksftr dj ppkZ dh fd èkkjk dks iyV dj bl tax dks dSls jksdk tk;sA vkUèkz izns'k ds lokZfèkd yksdfiz; ukxfjd vfèkdkj dk;ZdrkZ MkWckyxksiky dh x+Sj&ekStwnxh ,sls le; esa gekjs fy, cgqr d"Vnk;d FkhA nks fpnEcje th dh tax

vk;ju vkSj Øflax IykaV] D;ksa>j] mM+hlk] 2005 tgk¡ vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, vc Hkh igkM+ mudk thrk&tkxrk nsork gS] thou vkSj vkLFkk dk òksr] {ks=k ds ifjos'k vkSj i;kZoj.k ds LokLF; dk izeq[k LrEHk] fuxeksa ds fy, og ,d lLrk lqfoèkkiw.kZ xksnke gSA xksnke ds lkeku rd igq¡p rks gksuh gh pkfg,A

vke dh ifÙk;ksa ij dPps yksgs dh /kwy gj igkM+h] gj unh vkSj gj taxy ds fy, le>kSrk gks x;k gSA ge vdYiuh; Lrj ij O;kid lkekftd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; dk;kdYi dh ckr dj jgs gSaA

g¶+rs igys mudk fuèku gks x;kA os gekjs le; ds lcls lkglh vkSj le>nkj jktuSfrd fpUrd Fks vkSj gesa Bhd ml oD+r NksM+ x;s tc gesa mudh lcls T+;knk t+:jr FkhA ckotwn blds gesa Hkjkslk gS fd vxj os gksrs rks ,d ds ckn nwljs oDrk dh n`f"V] xgjkbZ] vuqHko] le>] jktuSfrd fn'kk vkSj bl lc ls T+;knk] fgUnqLrkuh ukxfjd Lora=krk ds fgek;rh–f'k{kk&fonks]as odhyks]a U;k;kèkh'kksa vkSj reke vU; yksxksa ds bl lewg dh ekuoh;rk ls lUrq"V gksrsA jktèkkuh esa bu lcdh ekStwnxh bl ckr dk b'kkjk dj jgh Fkh fd gekjs Vhoh LVwfM;ks dh pedrh jks'kuh ds ckgj vkSj ehfM;k ds ixyk;s uD+D+$kj[+kkus ds ijs Hkkjr ds eè;e oxZ esa Hkh bUlkfu;r ds fy, èkM+dus okyk fny ekStwn gSA rc gSjr dSlh fd os ;gh yksx gSa ftu ij dsUnzh; x`g ea=kh us gky gh esa vkjksi yxk;k Fkk fd os ^vkradokn* ds vuqdwy ,d ^ckSf)d ekgkSy* iSnk dj jgs gSaA vxj ;g vkjksi yksxksa dks Mjkus ds fy, Fkk] mUgsa >qdkus ds fy, Fkk] rks bldk vlj myVk gqvk gSA oDrkvksa esa mnkj ls ys dj ØkfUrdkjh okeiUFkh rd O;kid erksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa ds izfrfufèk ekStwn FksA gkyk¡fd dksbZ Hkh oDrk [”kqn dks ekvksoknh rks ugha dgsxk] ysfdu buesa ls cgqr de yksx lS)kfUrd :i ls bl fopkj ds fojksèkh Fks fd turk ds ikl jktdh; fgalk ls [”kqn dks cpkus dk vfèkdkj gSA buesa ls dbZ dks ekvksoknh fgalk ls] rM+&QM+ U;k; djus okyh ^tu vnkyrksa* vkSj ml fujadq'krk ls ijs'kkuh Fkh] tks ,d l'kò la?k"kZ esa vius vki ?kql vkrh gS vkSj fugRFkksa dks gkf'k;s ij NksM+ nsrh gSA viuh ijs'kkuh c;ku djrs gq, Hkh ;s oDrk bl ckr ls iwjh rjg okfD+$i+$ Fks fd ^tu vnkyrsa* blhfy, otwn esa gSa] D;ksafd Hkkjrh; vnkyrsa vke vkneh dh igq¡p ls ckgj gSa( vkSj bl ckr ls Hkh okfD+$i+$ Fks fd ;g l'kL=k la?k"kZ] tks eè; ns'k esa QwV iM+k gS] mu yksxksa dk igyk ugha] cfYd vkf[+kjh fodYi gS] ftUgsa vfLrRo ds gkf'k;s ij èkdsy fn;k x;k gSA lHkh oDrk ccZj fgalk dh bDdk&nqDdk ?kVukvksa ls lhèkk&lknk uSfrd lUns'k fudky ysus dh dksf'k'k esa Nqis [+krjksa ls okfD+$i+$ Fks] [+kkl rkSj ij ,sls gkykr esa] tks T+;knk&ls&T+;knk ;q) ljh[ks gksrs tk jgs gSaA gj dksbZ cgqr igys gh jkT; dh lajpuk esa fufgr fgalk dks gfFk;kjcUn izfrjksèk dh fgalk ds cjkcj Bgjkus ds oSpkfjd }U} ls ckgj vk x;k FkkA ;gk¡ rd fd lsok&fuo`Ùk U;k;kèkh'k ih-oh- lkoUr us rks ekvksokfn;ksa dks èkU;okn vkgr ns'k

ns Mkyk fd mUgha ds pyrs ns'k ds lÙkk izfr"Bku dk è;ku bl ra=k ds mf}Xu djus okys vU;k; dh rji+$ x;k gSA10 vkUèkz izns'k ds gjxksiky us ukxfjd vfèkdkj dk;ZdrkZ ds :i esa jkT; esa ekvksokn dh lfØ;rk dh 'kq#vkr ls ysdj vc rd ds nkSj ds vius vuqHkoksa ds ckjs esa crk;kA mUgksaus pyrs&pykrs ;g Hkh crk;k fd lu~ 2002 esa xqtjkr esa ctjax ny vkSj fo'o fgUnw ifj"kn~ ds usr`Ro esa dqN gh fnuksa ds Hkhrj ftrus yksx ekjs x;s] mrus rks ekvksokfn;ksa us vkUèkz izns'k esa vius lcls [+kwuh nkSj esa Hkh ugha ekjsA11 tks yksx ykyx<+] >kj[k.M] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj mM+hlk tSls ;q)&{ks=kksa ls vk;s Fks] mUgksaus ogk¡ iqfyfl;k neu] fxj¶“rkjh] izrkM+uk] gR;k vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj dk fooj.k fn;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd fdl rjg mM+hlk tSlh txgksa ij yxrk Fkk fd iqfyl lhèks mR[kuu dEifu;ksa ds vfèkdkfj;ksa ds funsZ'k ij dke dj jgh FkhA bu yksxksa us fons'kh vuqnku ik jgh dqN Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa dh lfUnXèk vkSj nq"Vrkiw.kZ Hkwfedk ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;k tks iwjh rjg dkWjiksjsV fgrksa dks lkèkus ds fy, lefiZr gSaA ckj&ckj mUgksaus crk;k fd dSls >kj[k.M vkSj NÙkhlx<+ esa dk;ZdrkZvksa ds lkFk&lkFk vke yksxksa dkst – ks Hkh vlgefr izdV djrs gSa dks ekvksoknh crk dj tsy esa Mky fn;k tkrk gSA mudk dguk Fkk fd ;gh og lcls cM+h otg gS tks yksxksa dks gfFk;kj mBkus vkSj ekvksokfn;ksa ds lkFk tkus ij etcwj dj jgh gSA mUgksaus loky fd;k fd ^fodkl* ifj;kstukvksa ls mtM+s ik¡p djksM+ yksxksa esa ls eqV~Bh Hkj dks Hkh clkus esa viuh ukdkeh Lohdkj djus okyh ljdkj dSls m|ksxifr;ksa dks ns'k ds vUnj jgrs gq, djksa esa NwV izkIr vkljksa ;kuh ^fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa* ds fy, miyCèk djkus fpnEcje th dh tax

xa/ke/kZu esa ,d o;kso) ` flikgh xzkeokfl;ksa }kjk ckYdks [knku dEiuh esa ^xka/khoknh* fojks/k dh fdaonarh dk o.kZu djrh gS ftl nkSjku yksxksa us los{Z kdksa dks ihVk Fkk] ,d cqYMkstj VSd a esa phuh Hkj nh Fkh vkSj ,d thi dks /kfd;kdj ,d [kM+h pV~Vku ij p<+k fn;k FkkA

yk;D+$ 1]40]000 gsDVs;j mRÑ"V t+ehu vpkud igpku ysrh gSA12 mUgksaus loky mBk;k fd ;g tkurs gq, fd ljdkj futh fuxeksa dks nsus ds fy, ^lkoZtfud mn~ns';* ds uke ij t+ehuksa dk vfèkxzg.k dj jgh gS] loksZPp U;k;ky; Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k D+$kuwu esa ^lkoZtfud mn~ns';* dh ifjHkk"kk ij fQj ls fopkj djus ls budkj djds vkf[+kj fdl fD+$Le dk bUlki+$ dj jgk gS\ mUgksaus iwNk fd ,slk D;ksa gksrk gS fd tc ljdkj dgrh gS fd ^jkT; ds vkns'k dks ykxw gksuk pkfg,* rks yxrk gS bldk vFkZ fli+$Z ;gh gS fd iqfyl LVs'ku cuk fn;s tk;sa\ u Ldwy] u gLirky] u edku] u ihus dk ikuh] u ouksa dh okftc D+$her( ;k fQj bruk Hkh ugha fd yksxksa dks iqfyl ds Mj ls vdsys eqDr NksM+ fn;k tk;–,ls k dqN Hkh ugha ftlls fd yksxksa dk thou vklku gks ldsA mUgksaus iwNk fd vkf[+kj D;ksa ^jkT; ds vkns'k* dk eryc dHkh U;k; ugha ekuk tk ldrk Fkk\ D+$jhc nl lky igys ,d le; Fkk tc bl rjg dh cSBdksa esa yksx u;h vkfFkZd uhfr }kjk Fkksis x;s ^fodkl* ds uewus ij cgl djrs FksA ysfdu vc bl uewus dks [+kkfjt fd;k tk pqdk gSA iwjh rjgA bl ij xk¡èkhokfn;ksa ls ys dj ekvksokfn;ksa rd lHkh lger gSaA vc loky fli+$Z ;g gS fd bl ekWMy dks iqt+kZ&nj&iqt+kZ [kksy dj [+kRe djus dk lcls izHkkoh rjhD+$k D;k gS\ esjs ,d fe=k ds dkWyst ds fnuksa ds iqjkus lgikBh gSa] ftUgsa ml nqfu;k dks ysdj dki+$h HkzkUr vkSj #X.k ftKklk Fkh ftlds ckjs esa os bruk de tkurs FksA dkWjiksjsV txr esa mudk dki+$h èkwe&èkM+kdk gSA ,slh gh ,d cSBd esa os lkFk pys vk;s fd bl nqfu;k dks Hkh tkuk&le>k tk;sA gkyk¡fd mUgksaus nslh fD+$Le ds ^QScbafM;k* dqrsZ esa vius dks fNikus dh dksf'k'k dh Fkh] ij os le`) fn[kus ¼vkSj egdus½ ls cp ugha ik jgs FksA vpkud chp esa og esjh vksj >qds vkSj cksys] ^fdlh dks bUgsa crkuk pkfg, fd ;s T+;knk ijs'kku u gksaA ;s bl ckj thr ugha ik;saxsA bUgsa lku&xqeku Hkh ugha gS fd ;s vkf[+kj [kM+s fdlds f[+kyki+$ gSaA bl lcdk lEcUèk fdl rjg dh jD+$e ls gSA ;s dEifu;k¡ eaf=k;ksa ls ysdj ehfM;k ds tkxhjnkjksa vkSj ;kstuk ds tknwxjksa rd dks [+kjhn ldrh gSa] os vius ,uthvks] viuh lsuk,¡ pyk ldrh gSa( os iwjh&dh&iwjh ljdkjsa [+kjhn ldrh gSaA os ekvksokfn;ksa dks Hkh [+kjhn ysaxhA bu Hkys yksxksa dks viuh ÅtkZ fdlh csgrj dke esa yxkuh pkfg,A* vkgr ns'k

tc yksxksa ds lkFk tkuojksa tSlk lqywD+$ fd;k tk jgk gks] rks muds ikl yM+us ds vykok vkSj dkSu&lk ^csgrj* dke gks ldrk gS\ ,slk ugha fd dksbZ muds lkeus dksbZ fodYi j[k jgk gks pquus ds fy,] flok [”kqndq'kh djus ds] tSlk c<+rs gq, D+$t+Z ds Hk¡oj esa Q¡ls 1]80]000 fdlkuksa us dj Mkyh gSA ¼D;k eSa vdsyh gw¡ ftls yxrk gS fd Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk vkSj ehfM;k esa cSBs mlds izfrfufèk;ksa ds fy, x+jhcksa }kjk grk'k gksdj [”kqndq'kh djus dk [+k;ky muds iyV dj yM+us ds [+k;ky ls dbZ xquk lqfoèkktud gS\½ fiNys dbZ cjl ls NÙkhlx<+] mM+hlk] >kj[k.M vkSj if'pe caxky ds yksxksa us cM+s fuxeksa dks jksd j[kk gSA buesa ls dqN ekvksoknh gSaA dbZ ugha Hkh gSAa vc loky ;g gSv – kf[+kj vkWijs'ku xzhug.V muds la?k"kks± esa D;k rCnhyh yk;sxk\ yM+us okys yksxksa dk lkeuk njvly fdlls gS\ ;g lgh gS fd ,sfrgkfld :i ls [kuu dEifu;ksa us rD+$jhcu ges'kk LFkkuh; yksxksa ds f[+kyki+$ yM+kbZ esa thr gkfly dh gSA gfFk;kj cukus okys fuxeksa dks NksM+ nsa] rks ckD+$h lHkh fD+$Le dh dEifu;ksa esa budk vrhr 'kk;n lcls T+;knk Øwj jgk gSA ;s yksx }s"k&Hkjs ris gq, ;ks)k gSa vkSj tc yksx dgrs gSa] ^tku nsaxs ij t+ehu ugha nsaxs]* rks bl ukjs ls muds dkuksa ij tw¡ Hkh ugha jsaxrhA bu fuxeksa us ,sls ukjs igys Hkh lqus gSa] gt+kjksa Hkk"kkvksa esa] lSdM+ksa vyx&vyx ns'kksa esaA bl le; Hkkjr esa buesa ls cgqr&ls fuxe ^^izFke Js.kh ds vkxeu izrh{kky;** esa cSB dj idkSM+ksa vkSj 'kcZr dk et+k ysrs vkSj vkylh exjePNksa dh rjg iydsa >idkrs gq, vkjke ls bUrt+kj dj jgs gSa fd ftu D+$jkjukeksa ij mUgksaus gLrk{kj fd;s Fks ¼dqN rks dki+$h igyss 2005 esa½ os dc ykxw gksdj MkWyjksa esa rCnhy gksrs gSaA ysfdu pkj lky rd igys ntsZ ds izrh{kky; esa cSB dj bUrt+kj djuk fdlh lUr ds Hkh èkS;Z dh ijh{kk ds fy, dki+$h gksrk gSA muds ikl yksdrkaf=kd izfØ;k dh rke&>ke&Hkjh] gkyk¡fd mÙkjksÙkj [kks[kyh gksrh tk jgh jLeksa ds fy, cl bruh gh txg gS % ¼èkks[ks&èkM+h ls Hkjh½ tulquokb;k¡] i;kZoj.k izHkko ds ¼>wBs½ vkdyu] fofHkUu ea=kky;ksa ls ¼[+kjhnh x;h½ vuqefr;k¡ vkSj yEcs le; rd pyus okys eqD+$nesA >wBk yksdra=k Hkh le; ysrk gSA vkSj m|ksxifr;ksa ds fy, rks le; gh èku gSA blfy, ge dSlh jD+$eksa dh ckr dj jgs gSa\ viuh tYn gh izdkf'kr gksus okyh ekSfyd iqLrd vkWmV vkWi+$ fnl vFkZ % bZLV bf.M;k vkfnoklht+ ,s.M fpnEcje th dh tax

fn ,sY;wfefu;e dkVsZy esa lejsUnz nkl vkSj i+$hfyDl iSMy dk dguk gS fd fli+$Z mM+hlk Hkj ds ckWDlkbV [kfut dh D+$her 2-27 fVªfy;u ¼[kjc½ MkWyj gSA ¼Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds nksxqus ls Hkh T+;knk½A13 ;g vkdyu o"kZ 2004 dh D+$herksa ds vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k gSA vkt rks bldh D+ $ her 4 fVª f y;u MkW y j gks x hA ,d fVª f y;u ¼1]00]000]00]00]000½ esa ckjg 'kwU; gksrs gSaA

bl ij vkfèkdkfjd :i ls ljdkj dks 7 i+$hlnh ls Hkh de jkW;YVh ¼jktLo½ feyrh gSA T+;knk lEHkkouk,¡ ;s gSa fd vxj [kuu fuxe tkuk&igpkuk vkSj ekU;rk&izkIr gS rks Hkys gh [kfut lEink vHkh igkM+h esa gh gks] vfxze fcdokyh gks tkrh gSA blfy,] tgk¡ vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, vc Hkh igkM+ mudk thrk&tkxrk nsork gS] thou vkSj vkLFkk dk òksr] {ks=k ds ifjos'k vkSj i;kZoj.k ds LokLF; dk izeq[k LrEHk] fuxeksa ds fy, og ,d lLrk lqfoèkkiw.kZ xksnke gSA xksnke ds lkeku rd igq¡p rks gksuh gh pkfg,A fuxeksa ds ut+fj;s ls] ckWDlkbV dks igkM+h ls ckgj fudkyuk gh gksxkA vxj ;g 'kkfUriw.kZ <ax ls ugha gksxk rks fgalk dk lgkjk ysuk iM+sxkA [kqys ckt+kj ds ,sls gh ncko vkSj vfuok;Zrk,¡ gSaA ;g rks fli+$Z mM+hlk ds ckWDlkbV dh dgkuh gSA bl pkj [kjc MkWyj dh D+$her dks NÙkhlx<+ vkSj >kj[k.M ds yk[kksa Vu csgrjhu dPps yksgs ds vykok ;wjsfu;e] MksyksekbV] dks;yk] fVu] xzSukbV] laxejej] rk¡ck] ghjk] lksuk] DokVZt+kbV] dkWj.Me] oSnw;Z vkSj gfjref.k] flfydk] ¶+yqvksjkbV vkSj ;kD+$wr tSls 28 nwljs [kfutksa ds lkFk tksM+ dj nsf[k,A vkgr ns'k

vc blesa fctyh&?kj] cM+s ck¡èk] jkt ekxZ] bLikr vkSj lheaVs ds dkj[+kkus vkSj ,sY;wfefu;e xyu&HkfV~B;k¡ vkfn lajpukRed ifj;kstukvksa dks 'kkfey dj yhft, tks mu lSdM+ksa D+$jkjukeksa esa 'kkfey gSa ¼vdsys >kj[k.M esa 90 gSa½ ftu ij gLrk{kj fd;s x;s gSa] rc dqy feyk dj bl lkjs O;kikj dh fojkVrk dh ,d eksVh :i&js[kk vkSj iw¡thfuos'kdksa dh gM+cM+h vkSj grk'kk dh otg mHkj dj lkeus vkus yxrh gSSA

og taxy tks n.Mdkj.; ds uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk vkSj tks if'pe caxky] >kj[k.M] mM+hlk] NÙkhlx<+ ls ys dj vkUèkz izn's k ds dqN fgLlksa dks lesVrk gqvk egkjk"Vª rd QSyk gS] yk[kksa vkfnokfl;ksa dk ?kj gSA ehfM;k us bls ^yky xfy;kjk* ;k ^ekvksoknh xfy;kjk* dguk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA ysfdu bls mrus gh lVhd <ax ls ^vuqcUèk xfy;kjk* dgk tk ldrk gSA blls jÙkh Hkj i+$D+$Z ugha iM+rk fd lafoèkku dh ik¡poha lwph esa vkfnoklh yksxksa ds laj{k.k dk izkoèkku gS vkSj mudh Hkwfe ds vfèkxzg.k ij ikcUnh yxk;h x;h gSA yxrk ;gh gS fd og èkkjk ogk¡ egt+ lafoèkku dh 'kksHkk c<+kus ds fy, j[kh x;h gSF– kksMk+ &lk feLlh&x+kt+k] fyifLVd&dktyA vufxur fuxe] NksVs vutkus O;kikjh gh ugha] nqfu;k ds nSR;kdkj&ls&nSR;kdkj bLikr vkSj [kuu fuxe– feÙky] ftUny] VkVk] ,Llkj] ikWLdks] fjvks fVaVks] ch,pih fcfyVu vkSj gk¡] osnkUr Hkh–vkfnokfl;ksa ds ?kj&ckj dks gM+ius dh fi+$jkD+$ esa gSAa gj igkM+h] gj unh vkSj gj taxy ds fy, le>kSrk gks x;k gSA ge vdYiuh; Lrj ij O;kid lkekftd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; dk;kdYi dh fpnEcje th dh tax

gj o"kZ Lora=krk fnol vkSj3 1 x.kra=k fnol ij dpkbZikM+ xkao ds yksx] fnlacj 2000 esa eSdkap esa fgaMkYdks dk fojks/k djrs gq, ekjs x, rhu vkfnokfl;ksa dh ;kn esa dkyk >aMk Qgjkrs gSAa

ckr dj jgs gSaA vkSj blesa ls T+;knkrj xqIr gSA eq>s D+$rbZ ugha yxrk fd nqfu;k ds lcls iqjkus vkSj fnO; taxy] ifjos'k vkSj vkfne leqnk; dks u"V djus ds fy, tks ifj;kstuk,¡ 'kq: gqbZ gSa] mudh ppkZ Hkh dksisugsxsu esa gksus okys ^tyok;q ifjorZu lEesyu* esa gksxhA ekvksoknh fgalk dh Hk;kog dgkfu;k¡ [kkstus okys ¼vkSj u feyus ij mUgsa x<+ ysus okys½ [+kcfj;k pSuy yxrk gS fD+$Lls ds bl i{k esa fcydqy fnypLih ugha j[krsA eq>s vpjt gS] ,slk D;ksa\ 'kk;n blfy, fd fodkl okyh ykWch] ftlds os bl gn rd x+qyke gSa] dgrh gS fd [kuu m|ksx ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh nj esa ukVdh; o`f) dj nsxk vkSj ftu yksxksa dks foLFkkfir djsxk] mUgsa jkst+xkj nsxkA blesa dgha Hkh i;kZoj.k dks gksus okys izy;dkjh uqD+$lku dks [kkrs esa ugha fy;k x;k gSA ysfdu viuh lhfer 'krks± ij Hkh ;g li+$sn >wB gSA vfèkdrj iSlk rks [kuu fuxeksa ds cSad [kkrksa esa pyk tkrk gSA nl i+$hlnh ls Hkh de iSlk ljdkjh dks"k esa tek gksrk gSA foLFkkfirksa dh cgqr NksVh&lh la[;k dks ukSdfj;k¡ feyrh gSa] vkSj ftUgsa feyrh Hkh gSa muls x+qykeksa tSlh etwjh ij dej&rksM+ viekutud dke djok;k tkrk gSA ykyp ds bl mUekn ds vkxs fltnk djds ge njvly vius i;kZoj.k dh D+$her ij nwljs ns'kksa dh vFkZ&O;oLFkk dks le`) dj jgs gSaA tc brus cM+s iSekus ij iw¡thfuos'k gqvk gS] rc blesa 'kkfey iÙkhnkjksa dh f'kuk[+r vDlj Bhd ls ugha gks ikrhA ,d vksj futh tsV foekuksa esa pyus okys izeq[k dk;kZfèkdkjh gSa vkSj nwljh rji+$ ^tufefyf'k;kvksa* ds vHkkxs vkfnoklh fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkjh ¼,lihvks½] tks dqN gt+kj #i;s ekfld osru ij vius yksxksa ls yM+rs gq, mudh gR;k vkSj cykRdkj esa tqVs gSa vkSj xk¡o&ds&xk¡o tykdj [+kkyh djk jgs gSa] rkfd [kuu 'kq: gks ldsA bu nks foijhr èkzqoksa ds chp izFke] f}rh; vkSj r`rh; iÙkhnkjksa dk iwjk&dk&iwjk czãk.M gSA bUgsa vius fgrksa dks ?kksf"kr djus dh t+:jr ugha gS] ysfdu os vius #rcs vkSj in dk bLrseky vius fgr lkèkus ds fy, djrs gSaA ge dHkh ;g rF; dSls tku ik;saxs fd bl ywV esa fdl jktuSfrd ny] fdl ea=kh] fdl lkaln] fdl jktusrk] fdl tt] fdl ,uthvks] fdl fo'ks"kK] fdl iqfyl vfèkdkjh dk izR;{k ;k vizR;{k fgLlk gS\ gesa dSls irk pysxk fd ekvksoknh ^vR;kpkjksa* dh [+kcj Nkius okys dkSu&dkSu&ls v[+kckj] vkSj ^ekspsZ ls lhèks lwpuk nsus okys]* ;k T+;knk lgh gksxk dguk fd ^ekspsZ ls lhèks u lwpuk nsus* dk [+k;ky j[kus vkgr ns'k

okys] ;k vkSj Hkh lgh gksxk ;g dguk fd ^ekspsZ ls li+$sn >wB cksyus okys* fdl&fdl [+kcfj;k pSuy dh fdruh fgLlsnkjh gS\ fLol cSadksa esa tek Hkkjrh; yksxksa ds vjcksa&[kjcksa ¼Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds dbZ xqUkk½ MkWyjksa dk òksr D;k gS\ yksdlHkk pquko ij [+kpZ gq, nks fcfy;u vjc MkWyj dgk¡ ls vk;s\ os yk[kksa&djksM+ksa #i;s tks jktuSfrd ny vkSj usrk pquko ls igys ^dojst iSdst* ds :i esa Å¡ps fD+$Le ds ¼gkbZ ,.M½] de fD+$Le ds ¼yks ,.M½ vkSj ^lhèks* izlkj.k ds fy, ehfM;k dks nsrs gSa] ftuds ckjs esa ih- lkbZukFk us gky esa fy[kk Fkk] vkf[+kj dgk¡ ls vkrs gSa\14 ¼vxyh ckj tc vki fdlh Vhoh ,sadj dks fdlh LrfEHkr vfrfFk dks MiVrs gq, fpYyk dj ;g iwNrs lqusa fd ^vkf[+kj ekvksoknh pquko esa fgLlk D;ksa ugha ysrs] vkf[+kj os eq[;èkkjk esa 'kkfey D;ksa ugha gksrs\* rks pSuy dks ;g ,l-,e-,lt+:j dfj,xk–^D;ksfa d vkidh njsa mudh fclkr ls ckgj gSAa *½ ge bl rF; dk D;k eryc fudkysa fd vkWijs'ku xzhug.V ds izeq[k dk;kZfèkdkjh vkSj gekjs x`g ea=kh ih- fpnEcje dkWjiksjsV odhy ds :i esa vusd [kfut fuxeksa ds fgrksa ds izfrfufèk jgs gSa\ ge bl rF; dk D;k eryc fudkysa fd ftl fnu 2004 esa mUgksaus eaf=ke.My esa foÙk ea=kh ds :i esa 'kiFk yh] mlh fnu mUgksaus osnkUr ds x+Sj&dk;Zdkjh funs'kd in ls bLrhi+$k fn;k Fkk\ bldk D;k vFkZ gqvk fd foÙk ea=kh ds :i esa mUgksaus lhèks fons'kh iw¡thfuos'k dh igyh eat+wjh ekWfj'kl dh dEiuh ^fV~ouLVkj gksfYMax* dks nh rkfd og ^LVjykbV* esa 'ks;j [+kjhn lds] tks osnkUr lewg dh gh dEiuh gSA15 ge bl rF; dk D;k eryc fudkysa fd tc mM+hlk ds dqN yksxksa us osnkUr ds f[+kyki+$ lqizhe dksVZ esa ;g dgrs gq, eqD+$nek nk;j fd;k fd ukWohZft;u isa'ku i+$.M us i;kZoj.k dks uqD+$lku igq¡pkus vkSj ekuo vfèkdkj dk mYya?ku djus ds pyrs vius dks bl ifj;kstuk ls vyx dj fy;k gS] rks U;k;ewfrZ dikfM+;k us lq>ko fn;k fd osnkUr dh txg LVjykbV dks ns nsuh pkfg, ¼tks osnkUr lewg dh gh dEiuh gS½\ ckn esa U;k;ewfrZ dikfM+;k us Hkjh vnkyr esa [”kq'kh&[”kq'kh crk;k fd muds ikl Hkh LVjykbV ds 'ks;j gSaA mUgksaus LVjykbV dks [kuu 'kq: djus ds fy, taxy lki+$ djus dh eat+wjh ns nh] tcfd lqizhe dksVZ dh viuh fo'ks"k lfefr us bls eat+jw h u nsus dh fli+$kfj'k dh Fkh vkSj dgk Fkk fd blls taxy] i;kZoj.k vkSj ogk¡ jgus okys gt+kjksa vkfnokfl;ksa fpnEcje th dh tax

xkยกo dh ,d lHkk] dqpbZi<kj] 2005 ,sfrgkfld :i ls [kuu dEifu;ksa us rD+$jhcu ges'kk LFkkuh; yksxksa ds f[+kyki+$ yM+kbZ esa thr gkfly dh gSA tc yksx dgrs gSa] ^tku nsaxs ij t+ehu ugha nsaxs]* rks bl ukjs ls muds dkuksa ij twยก Hkh ugha jsaxrhA

dqpbZi<kj] 2005 fp=k&9 % tc yksxksa ds lkFk tkuojksa tSlk lqywD+$ fd;k tk jgk gks] rks muds ikl yM+us ds vykok vkSj dkSu&lk ^csgrj* dke gks ldrk gS\ ,slk ugha fd dksbZ muds lkeus dksbZ fodYi j[k jgk gks pquus ds fy,A

dh ft+Unxh [+kRe gks tk;sxh\ U;k;ewfrZ dikfM+;k us ;g eat+wjh lqizhe dksVZ dh viuh fo'ks"k lfefr dh fli+$kfj'kksa dh ppkZ fd;s fcuk ;k mudk [k.Mu fd;s fcuk gh nhA16 ge bl rF; dk D;k eryc fudkysa fd nUrsokM+k esa t+ehu [+kkyh djkus okyh lyok tqMqe dh] ftls ^Lor%LQwrZ* tu&lsuk dgk tkrk gS] vkSipkfjd 'kq#vkr 2005 esa VkVk ls lgefr&i=k ij gLrk{kj gksus ds dqN gh fnu ckn gqbZ Fkh\ vkSj dk¡dsj esa taxy ;q) izf'k{k.k Ldwy dh LFkkiuk Hkh mlh le; ds vkl&ikl gqbZ Fkh\17 ge bl rF; dk D;k eryc fudkysa fd 12 vDrwcj] 2009 dks nUrsokM+k ds yksg.MhxqMk uked LFkku esa yxus okys VkVk bLikr ds 10 gt+kj djksM+ #i;s ds dkj[+kkus ds lUnHkZ esa vfuok;Z tu&lquokbZ ft+ykfèkdkjh dk;kZy; ds Hkhrj ,d NksVs&ls lHkkxkj esa dh x;h] ftlds pkjksa rji+$ lqj{kk cyksa dk ?ksjk Fkk vkSj fdjk;s ds 50 vkfnokfl;ksa dks cLrj ds nks xk¡oksa ls ljdkjh thiksa esa ykn dj ogk¡ yk cSBk;k x;k Fkk\ ¼tulquokbZ dks lQy ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k vkSj ft+ykèkh'k us cLrj ds yksxksa dks lg;ksx nsus ds fy, èkU;okn Hkh fn;kA½ ge bl rF; dk D;k eryc fudkysa fd Bhd ftl le; ls izèkkuea=kh ekvksokfn;ksa dks ^vkUrfjd lqj{kk ds fy, lcls cM+k [+krjk* crkuk 'kq: fd;k ¼tks bl ckr dk ladsr Fkk fd ljdkj uDlfy;ksa ds ihNs iM+us okyh gS½] mlh le; cgqr&lh [kfut dEifu;ksa ds 'ks;jksa ds Hkko vkdk'k Nwus yxs\ [kfut dEifu;ksa dks bl ^tax* dh cqjh rjg t+:jr gSA ;g iqjkuk rjhD+$k gSA mUgsa yxrk gS fd fgalk ls mu yksxksa dks ogk¡ ls Hkkxuk iM+sxk tks vHkh rd mUgsa ogk¡ ls Hkxkus dh dksf'k'kksa dk izfrjksèk djus esa lQy jgs gSaA ns[kus okyh ckr ;g gS fd oSlk gh gksxk tSlk [kfut dEifu;k¡ pkgrh gSa ;k fQj blls ekvksokfn;ksa dh la[;k esa c<+ksÙkjh gksxhA bl nyhy ds Bhd myV] if'pe caxky ds iwoZ foÙk ea=kh MkW v'kksd fe=kk us vius ,d ys[k ^n i+$S.Ve ,fueh* esa ;g nyhy j[kh gSS fd ekvksoknh ftl rjg ^Hk;kud vkSj vUèkkèkqUèk gR;k,¡* dj jgs gSa og Nkikekj ;q) dh fdrkcksa ls lh[kk x;k iqjkuk rjhD+$k gSA MkW fe=kk dk [+k;ky gS fd ekvksokfn;ksa us izf'k{k.k nsdj ,d iwjh Nkikekj lsuk rS;kj dj yh gS tks vc Hkkjrh; jkT; vkgr ns'k

dks pqukSrh nsus ds fy, rS;kj gS vkSj ekvksokfn;ksa }kjk epk;h tk jgh ^rckgh* njvly mudh viuh le>h&cw>h j.kuhfr gS ftlls fd ckS[kyk;s gq,] Øq) Hkkjrh; jkT; dk D+$gj mu ij ukft+y gksxk vkSj og ,slh Øwj ccZj dkjZokbZ djsxk ftlls vkfnoklh HkM+d mBsaxsA MkW- v'kksd fe=kk dk dguk gS fd vkfnokfl;ksa ds blh jks"k dks ekvksoknh O;kid tufonzksg esa cnyus dh vis{kk j[krs gaSA18 blh ^nqLlkglokn* dk vkjksi reke okeiUFkh èkkjk,¡ ekvksokfn;ksa ij ges'kk yxkrh jgh gSaA blls rks ;gh eryc fudyrk gS fd ekvksoknh fl)kUrdkj ml ØkfUr dks ykus ds fy, tks mUgsa lÙkk esa ys vk;sxh] mUgha yksxksa dk fouk'k djus ls xqjst+ ugha djsaxs ftudh uqekbUnxh dk os nkok djrs gSaA v'kksd fe=kk iqjkus dE;qfuLV gSa ftUgksaus if'pe caxky esa NBs vkSj lkrosa n'kd esa uDlyh mHkkj dks lkeus dh lhVksa ij cSB dj ns[kk gSA muds fopkjksa dks ;w¡ gh [+kkfjt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ysfdu ;g ;kn j[kuk t+:jh gS fd vkfnokfl;ksa ds lkgfld izfrjksèk dk bfrgkl cgqr yEck jgk gS] tks ekvksokfn;ksa dh mRifÙk ls Hkh dki+$h iqjkuk gSA blfy, mUgsa csfnekx+ dBiqrfy;ksa ds :i esa ns[kuk ftUgsa eqV~Bh Hkj eè;oxhZ; fl)kUrdkj cjx+yk ldsa] muds lkFk vU;k; djuk gksxkA ,slk yxrk gS fd MkW fe=kk ykyx<+ dh fLFkfr ds ckjs esa ckr dj jgs gSa tgk¡ vc rd [kfut lEink dh dksbZ ckr lkeus ugha vk;h gSA ¼ysfdu ge Hkwy u tk;sa fd ykyx<+ esa ekStwnk ladV rc 'kq: gqvk tc eq[;ea=kh ogk¡ ftUny bLikr ds ,d dkj[+kkus dk mn~?kkVu djus x;s FksA tgk¡ LVhy dkj[+kkuk gks] ogk¡ ls dPpk yksgk D;k nwj gksxk\½ ogk¡ turk dk x+qLlk njvly viuh Hk;kog x+jhch vkSj n'kdksa ls fd;s tk jgs iqfyfl;k t+qYe] vkSj 30 lky ls Hkh T+;knk ls yxkrkj 'kklu djus okyh ekDlZoknh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekdik½ ds l'kL=k fefyf'k;k ^gjekn* ds gkFkksa gks jgs mRihM+u vkSj neu ds f[+kyki+$ gSA vxj ge cgl dh [+kkfrj ;g u Hkh iwNsa fd nfl;ksa gt+kjksa iqfyl vkSj v)ZlSfud cy ykyx<+ esa vkf[+kj dj D;k jgs gSa] vkSj ge ekvksoknh ^nqLlkglokn* ds fl)kUr dks Lohdkj Hkh dj ysa rc Hkh ;g rLohj dk dki+$h NksVk fgLlk gksxkA vlyh ladV ;g gS fd Hkkjr ds peRdkfjd ^fodkl* dk fgjkoy jFk nyny esa tk Q¡lk gSA mlds fy, Hkkjh lkekftd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; D+$her fpnEcje th dh tax

fla?kcgkyh dh rqyk nsbZ ikjkHkksbZ cjlksa rd viuh txg NksM+us ls budkj djrh jghaA mldk ?kj ykathx<+ esa osnkar dh fjQkbujh dh pkjnhokjh ls yxk gqvk FkkA vdsyh [kM+h og vkSjr vc ogk¡ ls tk pqdh gS!

pqdkuh iM+h FkhA vkSj vc tc ufn;k¡ lw[kus yxh gSa vkSj taxy [+kRe gksus yxs gSa vkSj ty Lrj yxkrkj uhps tk jgk gS vkSj yksx ;g tkuus yxs gSa fd muds lkFk D;k gqvk gS] rks djuh ds Qy vc fn[kus yxs gSaA iwjs ns'k esa vlUrks"k gS] viuh t+ehu vkSj lalkèku nsus ls euk djus okys yksx oknksa ij fo'okl djuk cUn djds fojksèk esa lM+dksa ij mrj vk;s gSaA vpkud eglwl gksus yxk gS fd 10 i+$hlnh dh fodkl nj vkSj yksdra=k dk ijLij lkeatL; lEHko ugha gSA ckWDlkbV dks piVs f'k[kj okyh igkfM+;ksa ls ckgj fudkyus] yksgs dks taxy dh èkjrh ds uhps ls ckgj fudkyus ds fy,] Hkkjr dhs 85 i+$hlnh turk dks mldh t+ehu ls ckgj fudky dj 'kgj esa ykus ds fy, ¼tSlk fd Jh fpnEcje dgrs gSa fd os ns[kuk pkgsaxs½ Hkkjr dks ykeqgkyk iqfyfl;k jkt cukuk gksxkA ljdkj dk lSU;hdj.k djuk iM+sxkA lSU;hdj.k dks lgh Bgjkus ds fy, 'k=kq dh t+:jr gksrh gSA ekvksoknh ogh 'k=kq gSaA dV~VjiUFkh fuxeksa ds fy, ekvksoknh ogh gSa tks fgUnw dV~VjifUFk;ksa ds fy, eqlyeku gaSA ¼D;k dV~VjifUFk;ksa dh ,d gh fcjknjh gksrh gS\ D;k blhfy, vkj-,l-,l- us eqDr d.B ls fpnEcje dh iz'kalk dh gS\½ ;g lkspuk cgqr cM+h Hkwy gksxh fd v)ZlSfud cy] jktuanxk¡o gokbZ iV~Vh] fcykliqj fcxzsM ds eq[;ky;] ^x+Sj D+$kuwuh dkjZokbZ vfèkfu;e]* ^NÙkhlx<+ fo'ks"k tu&lqj{kk D+$kuwu* vkSj vkWijs'ku xzhug.V tSlh xfrfofèk;k¡ fli+$Z dqN gt+kj ekvksokfn;ksa dks taxyksa ls ckgj [knsM+us ds fy, dh tk jgh gSaA pkgs fpnEcje lkgc bl vkWijs'ku dks gjh >.Mh fn[kk;sa ;k ugha] vkWijs'ku xzhug.V dh reke ckrksa esa eq>s vkus okys vkgr ns'k

vkikrdky ds ,syku dh cw vk jgh gSA ¼vkids fy, xf.kr dk ,d NksVk&lk loky % d'ehj dh ,d NksVh&lh ?kkVh dks fu;af=kr djus ds fy, vxj Ng yk[k lSfudksa dh t+:jr iM+rh gS rks djksM+ksa yksxksa esa mHkj jgs vkØks'k dks fu;af=kr djus ds fy, fdrus lSfudksa dh t+:jr gksxh\½ gky gh fxj¶+rkj ekvksoknh usrk dksckn xk¡èkh dk ukdksZ ijh{k.k djkus dh ctk; muls ckrphr djus dk fopkj T+;knk dkjxj gks ldrk gSA bl chp D;k dksbZ] tks dksisugsxsu esa gksus okys tyok;q ifjorZu lEesyu esa fgLlk ysus tk jgk gS] ,dek=k iwNus yk;D+$ loky iwNsxk % D;k ge esgjckuh djds ckWDlkbV dks igkfM+;ksa esa gh jgus ns ldrs gSa\ vDrwcj] 2009

fpnEcje th dh tax

Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk esjs njokt+s ds uhps lhycUn fyi+$ki+$s esa ml laf{kIr&ls Vafdr iqt+sZ us ^fgUnqLrku dh vkUrfjd lqj{kk ds fy, vdsys lcls cM+s [+krjs* ds lkFk esjh eqykD+$kr dh iqf"V dj nhA eSa eghuksa ls muds lUns'k dk bUrt+kj dj jgh FkhA eq>s nks r;'kqnk fnuksa ij] igys ls fuf'pr pkj le;ksa ij nUrsokM+k] Nร khlx<+ esa ekยก nUrs'ojh ds efUnj ij ekStwn jguk FkkA ;g cUnkscLr cqjs ekSle] iapjksa] pDdk&tkeksa] ifjogu gM+rkyksa vkSj fuiV nqHkkZX; dh xqatkb'k j[kus ds fy, fd;k x;k FkkA iqt+sZ esa Vafdr Fkk % ^ys[kd ds ikl dSejk] Vhdk vkSj ukfj;y gksuk pkfg,A eqykD+$krh ds ikl Vksih] fgUnh ^vkmVyqd* if=kdk vkSj dsys gksaxsA ladsr 'kCn % ueLdkj xq# thA*

ueLdkj xq# thA eSaus gSjr ls lkspk fd D;k eqykD+$krh vkSj LokxrdrkZ fdlh iq#"k dh mEehn j[krs gksaxsA vkSj D;k eq>s vius fy, ,d ew¡N dk tqxkM+ dj ysuk pkfg,A z

nUrsokM+k dk o.kZu djus ds dbZ rjhD+$s gSaA og fojksèkkHkkl uked vyadkj gSA og Hkkjr ds Bhd chpksa&chp ,d lhekorhZ D+$Lck gSA og ,d ;q) dk Åijh dsUnz gSA og ,d flj ds cy] vUnj dk ckgj D+$Lck gSA nUrsokM+k eas iqfyl lknh onhZ igurh gS vkSj fonzksgh ofnZ;k¡ igurs gSaA dkjkxkj vèkh{kd dkjkxkj esa gSA D+$Snh vkt+kn gSa ¼rhu lkS D+$Snh D+$Lcs dh iqjkuh tsy ls nks lky igys Hkkx fudys FksA½ vkSjrsa] ftuds lkFk cykRdkj gqvk] iqfyl fgjklr esa gSaA cykRdkjh ckt+kj esa Hkk"k.k nsrs gSaA bUnzkorh unh ds ikj] ekvksokfn;ksa }kjk fu;af=kr bykD+$s esa] og txg gS] ftls iqfyl ^ikfdLrku* dgrh gSA ogk¡ xk¡oksa esa lUukVk gS] ysfdu taxyksa esa yksxksa dh HkhM+A ftu cPpksa dks Ldwy esa gksuk pkfg, Fkk] csyxke nkSM+rs&fQjrs gSaA ou izkUrj ds lqUnj xk¡oksa esa daØhV&fufeZr Ldwyh bekjrsa ;k rks mM+k nh x;h gSa vkSj eycs dk <sj gSa ;k fQj iqfyl ds flikfg;ksa ls Hkjh gSaA taxy esa tks flj&èkM+ dh yM+kbZ 'kq: gks jgh gS] og ,slh tax gS ftls ysdj Hkkjr ljdkj xoZ vkSj 'keZ] nksuksa eglwl djrh gSA vkWijs'ku xzhug.V dk ,syku Hkh fd;k x;k gS vkSj blls budkj HkhA Hkkjr ds x`gea=kh ¼vkSj ;q) ds izeq[k dk;kZfèkdkjh½ ih- fpnEcje dk dguk gS fd mldk dksbZ otwn ugha gS] og ehfM;ktfur gSA frl ij Hkh Hkkjh jkf'k mls vkcf.Vr dh x;h gS vkSj ml tax ds fy, nfl;ksa gt+kj i+$kSth rSukr fd;s tk jgs gSaA gkyk¡fd ;q)&{ks=k eè; Hkkjr ds taxy gSa] bl ;q) ds ge lcds fy, xEHkhj ifj.kke gksaxsA vxj izsr fdlh O;fDr ds ihNs jg x;h e¡Mjkrh vkRek,¡ gksrs gSa ;k fdlh ,slh pht+ dh ftldk vc dksbZ vfLrRo ugha jg x;k gS] rks 'kk;n taxy dks phjrk&QksM+rk c<+k tkrk] pkj iFkksa okyk u;k jktekxZ izsr dk foykse gSA 'kk;n og ml lcdk gjdkjk gS] l¡nsfl;k gS] tks vkus okyk gSA taxy esa ,d&nwljs ds izfr}U}h yxHkx gj fygkt+ ls ijLij fHkUu vkSj vleku gSaA ,d rji+$ gS mHkjrh gqbZ egk'kfDr ds iSls] vlygksa] lekpkj&ra=k vkSj vgEeU;rk ls ySl Hkkjh v)Z&lSfud cyA nwljh vksj ijEijkxr gfFk;kjksa vkgr ns'k

ls ySl xk¡o ds vke fuoklh] vkSj muds ihNs gfFk;kjcUn fonzksg ds vlkèkkj.k vkSj fgald bfrgkl okyk vR;Ur lqlaxfBr] nqnkZUr izsj.kk ls Hkjk gqvk] ekvksoknh Nkikekj yM+kdw cyA ekvksoknh vkSj v)Z&lSfud iqjkus izfr}U}h gSa vkSj dbZ ckj igys Hkh ,d&nwljs ds iqjkus vorkjksa ls nks&nks gkFk dj pqds gSa 1950 ds n'kd esa rsyaxkuk esa] 1960 ds n'kd ds vUr vkSj 1970 ds n'kd esa if'pe caxky] fcgkj] Jhdkdqye ¼vkUèkz izns'k½ esa vkSj fQj 1980 ds n'kd ls Bhd ekStwnk oD+r rdA os ,d&nwljs dh j.kuhfr;ksa ls ifjfpr gSa vkSj mUgksaus ,d&nwljs dh yM+kbZ dh fu;ekofy;ksa dk vè;;u cgqr è;ku ls fd;k gSA gj ckj ;g yxrk Fkk fd ekvksoknh ¼;k muds fiNys vorkj½ u fli+$Z ijkftr gq,] cfYd v{kj'k% HkkSfrd :i ls mudk li+$k;k gks x;kA gj ckj os iquthZfor gq, gSa] igys ls T+;knk laxfBr] igys ls T+;knk ladYic) vkSj igys ls dgha vfèkd izHkko'kkyhA vkt ,d ckj fQj cx+kor NÙkhlx<+] >kj[k.M] mM+hlk vkSj if'pe caxky ds [kfut lEiUu taxyksa esa QSy x;h gSt – ks fgUnqLrku ds yk[kksa vkfnokfl;ksa dk clsjk gSa] lkFk gh dkWjiksjsV iw¡thoknh txr ds fy, liuksa dk ns'k HkhA mnkjokfn;ksa ds vUr%dj.k ds fy, ;g fo'okl djuk lqfoèkktud gS fd ou&izkUrj esa py jgk ;q) Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj ekvksokfn;ksa ds chp yM+kbZ gS] tks pqukoksa dks ik[k.M] laln dks lqvjckM+k dgrs gSa vkSj ftUgksaus [kqYye&[kqYyk Hkkjrh; jkt&ra=k ds r[+rk&iyV ds vius bjkns dk ,syku dj fn;k gSA ;g Hkwyuk Hkh lqfoèkktud gS fd eè; Hkkjr dh tu&tkfr;ksa dk izfrjksèk vkSj cx+kor dk bfrgkl ekvks ls lfn;ksa iqjkuk gSA ¼fu'p; gh ;g Lor%&fl) gSA vxj ,slk u gksrk rks mudk otwn Hkh u jgrkA½ gks] vksjk¡o] dksy] lUFkky] eq.Mk vkSj xksaM] lc&ds&lc dbZ ckj fonzksg dj pqds gSa] vaxzst+ksa ds f[+kyki+$] t+ehankjksa vkSj lkgwdkjksa ds f[+kyki+$A ;s fonzksg Øwjrk ls dqpys x;s] gt+kjksa ekSr ds ?kkV mrkjs x;s] ysfdu yksxksa ij dHkh fot; gkfly ugha gks ik;hA vkt+knh ds ckn Hkh vkfnoklh yksx gh ml igys foIyo ds dsUnz eas Fks] ftls ekvksoknh D+$jkj fn;k tk ldrk gSi– f'pe caxky ds uDlyckM+h xk¡o esa ¼tgk¡ ls ;g 'kCn ^uDlyoknh]* tks vc ^ekvksoknh* ds i;kZ; ds :i esa bLrseky gksrk gS] fudyk gSA½ rc ls vc rd uDlyoknh jktuhfr ds js'ks tu&tkfr;ksa ds fonzksg ds lkFk bl rjg xq¡Fks jgs gSa fd mUgsa vyx djuk lEHko ugha gS] tks Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

n.Mdkj.;] e/; Hkkjr] 2010 bUnzkorh unh ds ikj] ekvksokfn;ksa }kjk fu;af=kr bykD+$s esa] og txg gS] ftls iqfyl ^ikfdLrku* dgrh gSA ogkยก xkยกoksa esa lUukVk gS] ysfdu taxyksa esa yksxksa dh HkhM+A ftu cPpksa dks Ldwy esa gksuk pkfg, Fkk] csyxke nkSM+rs&fQjrs gSaA

uhan esa dkWejsM bl txg eas ,d lknxh&Hkjh lqUnjrk gSA gj pht+ lki+$&lqFkjh vkSj t+:jr ds fglkc ls gSA dksbZ Bk¡lk&Bw¡lh ughaA ,d dkyh eqx+hZ feV~Vh dh uhph nhokj ij vkxs&ihNs D+$ok;n dj jgh gSA ck¡l dk ,d epku Qwl dh Nr ds cÙkksa dks lgkjk nsus ds lkFk&lkFk lkeku j[kus ds dke Hkh vkrk gSA ml ij frudksa dk >kM+w] nks <ksyfd;k¡] ljir dh cquh gqbZ Vksdjh] ,d VwVk gqvk Nkrk vkSj fipdk;s x;s [+kkyh xÙks ds fMCcksa dh iwjh Fkkd gSA esjh vk¡[k fdlh pht+ ij tk vVdrh gSA eq>s vius p'es dh t+:jr iM+rh gSA xÙks ij tks Nik gS] og ;g gS % vkbfM;y ikoj 90 gkbZ ,uthZ beY'ku ,DlIyksflo ¼Dykl&2½ ,l-Mh-lh-,-Vh- t+sM-t+sM-A vkn'kZ 'kfDr ;qDr 90 mPp ÅtkZ rjy foLQksVd ¼Js.kh&2½ ,l-Mh-lh-,-Vh-t+sM-t+sM-A

ckr tu&tkfr;ksa ds ckjs esa mruk gh crkrk gS] ftruk uDlyokfn;ksa ds ckjs esaA fonzksg dh bl fojklr dk urhtk ,d ,slk Øq) leqnk; gS] ftls Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk tku&cw>dj vyx&Fkyx fd;k x;k vkSj gkf'k;s ij Qsadk x;k gSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku] tks Hkkjrh; yksdra=k dh vkèkkj&f'kyk gS] laln }kjk 1950 esa ykxw fd;k x;kA ;g tu&tkfr;ksa vkSj ouokfl;ksa ds fy, ,d nq[k&Hkjk fnu FkkA lafoèkku us mifuos'koknh uhfr dk vuqeksnu fd;k vkSj jkT; dks tu&tkfr;ksa dh vkokl&Hkwfe dk laj{kd cuk fn;kA jkrksa&jkr mlus iwjh tu&tkrh; vkcknh dks viuh gh Hkwfe dk vfrØe.k djus okyksa esa rCnhy dj fn;kA mlus mUgsa ouksa ls izkIr gksus okyh mit ds ikjEifjd vfèkdkj ls oafpr dj fn;k vkSj ,d iwjh thou&'kSyh dk vijkèkhdj.k dj fn;kA ernku ds vfèkdkj ds cnys esa lafoèkku us muls vkthfodk vkSj lEeku ds vfèkdkj Nhu fy;sA mUgsa csn[+ky djds nSU; vkSj nfjnzrk ds Hk¡oj esa èkdsyus ds ckn ljdkj ,d Øwjrk&Hkjh gkFk dh li+$kbZ ls mudh viuh x++qjcr dks muds f[+kyki+$ bLrseky djus yxhA gj ckj tc mls Hkkjh vkcknh dks foLFkkfir djus dh t+:jr gksrh–ck¡èkksa ds fy,] flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa vkSj [knkuksa ds fy,–og ^tu&tkfr;ksa dks eq[;èkkjk esa ykus* ;k mUgsa ^vkèkqfud fodkl ds Qy iznku djus* dh ckr djrhA ns'k ds vUnj gh foLFkkfir yk[kks&a djksM+kas ¼fli+$Z cM+s ck¡èkksa }kjk gh rhl yk[k ls T+;knk½ yksxksa eas] Hkkjr dh ^izxfr* ds bu 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa esa] vfèkdrj vkfnoklh vkSj tu&tkrh; leqnk; gSaA tc&tc ljdkj tu&tkfr;ksa ds dY;k.k dh ckr djuk 'kq: djrh gS] fpUrk djus dk le; vk tkrk gSA fpUrk vkSj ljksdkj dh rkt+krjhu vfHkO;fDr x`gea=kh ih- fpnEcje dh vksj ls vk;h gS] ftudk dguk gS fd os ugha pkgrs tu&tkfr;ksa ds yksx ^vtk;c?kj okyh laLÑfr;ksa* esa jgsaA tu&tkfr;ksa ds dY;k.k dh fpUrk muds fy, rc bruh izkFkfed ugha Fkh] tc os cM+s O;kikfjd fuxeksa ds odhy Fks vkSj vusd [kuu dEifu;ksa ds fgrksa dk izfrfufèkRo dj jgs FksA blfy, mudh bl u;h mf}Xurk ds vkèkkj dks ij[kuk mfpr gksxkA fiNys ik¡psd o"kks± ds nkSjku NÙkhlx<+] >kj[k.M] mM+hlk vkSj if'pe caxky dh ljdkjksa us bLikr dkj[+kkuksa] dPps yksgs ds dkj[+kkuksa] fctyh&?kjksa] vkgr ns'k

,sY;wfefu;e la'kksèku la;a=kksa] ck¡èkksa vkSj [knkuksa ds fy, dkWjiksjsV ?kjkuksa ls lSdM+ksa D+$jkjukes fd;s gSa] lc&ds&lc xqi&pqiA ;s D+$jkjukes #i;s&vkus&ikbZ eas rCnhy gks ldsa] blfy, tu&tkfr;ksa dk gVk;k tkuk t+:jh gSA fygkt+k] ;g taxA tc dksbZ ns'k tks vius dks yksdra=k dgrk gS [kqYye&[kqYye viuh lhekvksa ds vUnj ;q) ?kksf"kr dj nsrk gS rks ;g yM+kbZ dSlh ut+j vkrh gS\ D;k izfrjksèk ds lQy gksus dh dksbZ lEHkkouk gS\ D;k mls lQy gksuk pkfg,\ dkSu gSa ekvksoknh\ D;k os egt+ [+kwu&[+kjkcs eas ;D+$hu djus okys vukLFkkoknh gSa] tks vkfnokfl;ksa dks dksap&dksap dj fujk'kktud foIyo dh vksj èkdsyrs gq,] mu ij ,d iqjkuh iM+ pqdh fopkjèkkjk dks Fkksi jgs gSa\ D;k gfFk;kjcUn la?k"kZ cqfu;knh rkSj ij vyksdrkaf=kd gS\ D;k ^pDdh ds ikV dk fl)kUr* fd ^vke* vkfnoklh jkT; vkSj ekvksokfn;ksa ds chp xksyhckjh eas Q¡ls gq, gSl–a gh vkSj lVhd gS\ D;k ^ekvksoknh* vkSj ^vkfnoklh* nks fcydqy vyx&vyx dksfV;k¡ gSa tSlk fd crk;k tk jgk gS\ D;k muds fgr ijLij feyrs gSa\ D;k mUgksaus ,d&nwljs ls dqN lh[kk gS\ D;k mUgksaus ,d&nwljs dks cnyk gS\ z

esjs jokuk gksus ls ,d fnu igys esjh ek¡ dk i+$ksu vk;k] os fuanklh tku iM+rh FkhaA ^eSa lksprh jgh gw¡]* mUgksaus ek¡vksa ds lgt vUrKkZu ls dgk] ^bl ns'k dks ftl pht+ dh t+:jr gS og ØkfUr gSA* b.VjusV ij ,d ys[k esa dgk x;k gS fd blzk;yh laLFkk ekslkn rhl mPpLrjh; Hkkjrh; iqfyl vi+$ljksa dks fpfÌr gR;kvksa dh rduhd esa izf'kf{kr dj jgh gS rkfd ekvksoknh laxBu dks ^flj foghu* fd;k tk ldsA1 v[+kckjksa esa ml u;s vlygs dk ft+Ø gS] tks blzkby ls [+kjhnk x;k gSy – t s j+ nwjh ekid] rki fu;af=kr Nfo&fuekZrk midj.k vkSj fcuk pkyd ds okgu] tks vejhdh i+$kSt esa cgqr yksdfiz; gSaA x+jhcksa ds f[+kyki+$ bLrseky djus ds fy, fcydqy eqi+$hn gfFk;kjA z

jk;iqj ls nUrsokM+k rd dkj dk li+$j yxHkx nl ?k.Vs ysrk gS,– ls s bykD+$ksa ls tks ^ekvksokfn;ksa ls laØe.kxzLr* tkus tkrs gSaA ;s vlkoèkkuh ls bLrseky Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

^ckMZj* ds ,d xkยกo esa >ksaiM+hA nhokjksa ij tks fy[kk gS og xjhch js[kk ls uhps jgusokys gj ?kj esa fy[kk tkuk vfuok;Z gSA

xzkeh.k nLrk ;q) mudh izkFkfed fpUrk ugha tku iM+rkA mUgksaus xk¡o ds dqN ?kjksa ds fxnZ ckM+ cukus eas enn djrs gq,] rkfd cdfj;ksa dks [ksrksa esa tkus ls jksdk tk lds] vHkh&vHkh fnu Hkj dk dke [”kRe fd;k gSA mudk dke gS pkj ;k ik¡p xk¡oksa ds lewg dh x'r yxkuk vkSj mudh fgi+$kt+r djuk vkSj [ksrksa esa enn djuk] dq,¡ lki+$ djuk ;k ?kjksa dh ejEer djuk– t+:jr ds lkjs dkeksa eas gkFk c¡VkukA

fd;s x;s 'kCn ugha gSA ^laØe.k@laØfer* dk vfHkizk; ^chekjh@dhVk.kq* ls gSA chekfj;ksa dk bykt fd;k tkuk pkfg,A dhVk.kqvksa dk li+$k;k gksuk pkfg,A ekvksokfn;ksa dks lki+$ dj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A bu fujhg] jsaxrs gq, rjhD+$ksa ls tulagkj dh Hkk"kk gekjs 'kCn&Hk.Mkj eas nkf[+ky gqbZ gSA jktekxZ dh j{kk ds fy, lqj{kk&cyksa us nksuksa rji+$ ou dh ,d l¡djh iV~Vh ^lqjf{kr* dj nh gSA mlds vkSj vUnj py dj] ^nknk yksx* dk jkt gSA Hkkb;ksa dkA lkfFk;ksa dkA dkWejsMksa dkA jk;iqj ds ckgjh Nksj ij osnkUr ¼og dEiuh ftlds lkFk gekjs x`gea=kh dHkh dke fd;k djrs Fks½ dSla j gLirky dk foKkiu djus okyk ,d fo'kky cksMZ yxk gSA mM+hlk es]a tgk¡ osnkUr ckWDlkbV dk [kuu dj jgh gS] og ,d fo'ofo|ky; dks foÙkh; lgk;rk ns jgh gSA bu lgt] vn`'; rjhD+$ksa ls [kuu fuxe gekjs dYiukyksd esa izo's k djrs gSa % nhucUèkq nkuo tks lpeqp n;koku gSAa bls dkWjiksjVs lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro dgrs gSAa blls [kuu dEifu;ksa dks fo[;kr vfHkusrk vkSj iwoZ eq[;ea=kh ,u- Vh- jkekjko ljh[kk cuus dh NwV fey tkrh gS] tks rsyqxq dh ikSjkf.kd fi+$Yeksa eas lHkh Hkwfedk,¡ vnk djrs Fksu– k;d Hkh] [kyuk;d Hkh–,d lkFk] mlh fi+$Ye esAa dkWjiksjVs lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Ro ml csgnw k vkSj vU;k;iw.kZ vFkZ&'kkL=k ij inkZ Mkyus dk dke djrk gS] tks Hkkjr esa [kuu m|ksx dk vkèkkj gSA felky ds fy,] dukZVd ds lEcUèk esa yksd vk;qDr dh ,d gky dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj futh dEiuh }kjk fudkys x;s dPps yksgs ds gj Vu ij ljdkj dks 27 #i;s jktLo feyrk gS vkSj [knku dEiuh 5000 #i;s dekrh gSA2 ckWDlkbV vkSj ,sY;wfefu;e m|ksxksa esa vk¡dM+s vkSj Hkh [+kjkc gSAa ge vjcksa MkWyj ds fnu&ngkM+s Mkds dh ckr dj jgs gS]a tks pqukoks]a ljdkjks]a U;k;kèkh'kks]a v[+kckjks]a Vhoh pSuyks]a x+jS &ljdkjh laLFkkvksa vkSj jkgr ,tsfa l;ksa dks [+kjhnus ds fy, dki+$h gSAa rc ,dkèk dSalj gLirky ;gk¡ ;k ogk¡ dksbZ ekuh j[krk gS Hkyk\ eq>s NÙkhlx<+ ljdkj }kjk fd;s x;s D+$jkjukeksa dh yEch i+$sgfjLr esa osnkUr dk uke ns[kus dh ;kn ugha gSA ysfdu eq>esa bruk 'kd djus yk;D+$ isphnxh t+:j gS fd vxj dSalj gLirky gS rks dgha&u&dgha piVs f'k[kj okyk ckWDlkbV dk ioZr Hkh vo'; gksxkA ge dk¡dsj ls gksdj xqt+jrs gSa tks bl ;q) ds jEiy LVhyfLdu 'Rumple Stiltskin' gSaA fczxsfM;j ch-ds- i¡okj ds ^taxy ;q) izf'k{k.k fo|ky;* ds fy, vkgr ns'k

izfl) gS vkSj ftUgsa Hkz"V] f<Yye&<hy iqfylokyksa ¼?kkl&Qwl½ dks taxy ds yM+kdksa ¼lksus½ eas cny nsus dk ft+Eek lkSaik x;k gSA ^;q) izf'k{k.k fo|ky;* dk vkn'kZ&okD;–^Nkikekj ls Nkikekj dh rjg yM+k*s pV~Vkuksa ij fy[kk gqvk gSA ;gk¡ flikfg;ksa dks nkSM+uk] ljduk] gok esa mM+ jgs gsyhdkWIVjksa ij dwn dj p<+uk&mrjuk] ?kqM+lokjh ¼fdlh dkj.k ls½] lk¡i [kkuk vkSj taxy dh mit ij thuk fl[kk;k tkrk gSA3 fczxsfM;j dks xoZ gS fd os lM+d ds dqÙkksa dks ^vkradokfn;ksa* ls yM+us ds fy, izf'kf{kr dj jgs gSaA gj Ng g¶+rksa ij iqfyl ds vkB lkS flikgh ^;q) izf'k{k.k fo|ky;* ls mÙkh.kZ gksdj fudyrs gSaA Hkkjr Hkj eas ,sls chl fo|ky;ksa dh ;kstuk gSA iqfyl dks èkhjs&èkhjs i+$kSt esa rCnhy fd;k tk jgk gSA ¼d'ehj eas bldk myV gSA i+$kSt dks ,d eqVk;s gq, iz'kklfud] iqfyl cy eas ifjorZu fd;k tk jgk gSA½ flj ds cyA vUnj dk ckgjA fdlh Hkh ut+fj;s ls nq'eu turk gSA jkr gks pqdh gSA txnyiqj lks;k gqvk gS] flok jkgqy xk¡èkh dh mu cgqr&lh gksfMZaxksa ds] ftueas yksxksa ls ;qok dkaxzsl esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, dgk tk jgk gSA os gky ds eghuksa eas nks ckj cLrj vk pqds gSa] ysfdu ;q) ds ckjs eas mUgksaus dqN T+;knk ugha dgk gSA 'kk;n bl eqD+$ke ij turk ds jktdqekj ds fy, n[+ky nsuk dqN vfèkd d.Vdkdh.kZ gSA muds ehfM;k&izcUèkdksa us t+:j is'kcUnh dj yh gksxhA jkgqy xk¡èkh ds bnZ&fxnZ lkoèkkuh ls fu;ksftr izpkj eas bl ckr dk T+;knk mYys[k ugha gksrk fd lyok tqMqe ¼ikoudkjh vk[ksV½ og [+kkSi+$ukd] ljdkj&lefFkZr 'kkfUr&O;oLFkkid x'rh tRFkk tks cykRdkjksa] gR;kvksa] xk¡oksa dks tykus vkSj gt+kjksa&yk[kksa yksxksa dks muds ?kjksa ls Hkxkus ds fy, ft+Eesnkj gS,– d dkaxlsz h foèkk;d egsUnz djek ds usrR` o esa dke dj jgk gSA eSa viuh eqykD+$kr ds fy, lgh oD+r ij ek¡ nUrs'ojh ds efUnj ij igq¡p x;h ¼igyk fnu] igyk 'kksA½ esjs ikl esjk dSejk Fkk] esjk NksVk&lk ukfj;y vkSj ekFks ij yky] >jrk gqvk VhdkA eSaus lkspk dgha dksbZ eq>s ns[kdj g¡l rks ugha jgk gksxkA dqN gh feuVksa esa ,d yM+dk izdV gqvkA mlds ikl ,d Vksih vkSj ihB ij yknus okyk Ldwyh cLrk FkkA ma¡xfy;ksa ds uk[+kwuksa ij m[kM+k&m[kM+k yky usyikWfy'k FkkA dksbZ fgUnh ^vkmVyqd* ugha] u dsys ghA ^D;k rqe gks] tks vUnj tk jgh gks\* mlus eq>ls iwNkA dksbZ ^ueLdkj xq# th* ughaA eq>s le> Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

esa ugha vk;k D;k dgw¡A mlus ,d lhyk&lk iqt+kZ viuh tsc ls fudky dj eq>s fn;kA mleas fy[kk Fkk ^vkmVyqd ugha feykA* ^vkSj dsyk\* ^eSa [kk x;k]* mlus dgk] ^eq>s Hkw[k yxh FkhA* og lpeqp lqj{kk dks [+krjk FkkA mlds cLrs ij Nik Fkk] ^pkyhZ czkmu–ukWV ;ksj vkWfMZujh CykWd gsM* ¼pkyhZ czkmu–rEq gkjk vke ?kks?a kkclUr ughaA½ mlus crk;k mldk uke e¡xrw FkkA eq>s tYnh gh irk py x;k fd n.Mdkj.;] og taxy ftlesa eSa nkf[+ky gksus okyh Fkh] ,sls yksxksa ls Hkjk gqvk Fkk] ftuds dbZ uke Fks vkSj ikuh ij fy[kh igpkusaA esjs fy, ;g eyge ljh[kk Fkk] ;g fopkjA fdruk mEnk gS gj oD+r vius lkFk fpids u jguk] dqN nsj ds fy, dksbZ vkSj cu tkrkA ge iSny gh cl vM~Ms dh rji+$ pys tks efUnj ls dqN feuV dh nwjh ij FkkA ogk¡ igys gh HkhM+&HkkM+ FkhA pht+sa cM+h rst+h ls ?kfVr gqb±A eksVj&lkbfdyksa ij nks yksx FksA dksbZ ckrphr ugha gqbe–Z gt+ igpku ysus okyh ,d fuxkg] 'kjhj ds ot+u dk ljduk] batuksa dh j¶+rkj dk c<+ukA eq>s dqN vUnkt+k ugha Fkk fd ge tk dgk¡ jgs FksA ge iqfyl vèkh{kd ds ?kj ds lkeus ls xqtj+ ]s ftls eSua s viuh fiNyh ;k=kk dh ;kn ls igpkukA iqfyl vèkh{kd ,d lki+$xks vkneh Fkk % ^nsf[k, eSMe] lki+$&lki+$ dgsa rks ;g leL;k iqfyl ;k i+$kSt ls gy gksus okyh ugha gSA bu vkfnokfl;ksa ds lkFk fnD+D+$r ;g gS fd os ykyp ugha le>rs gSaA tc rd fd os ykyph ugha curs] gekjs fy, dksbZ mEehn ugha gSA eSua s vius ckWl ls dgk gS] iqfyl cy dks gVk yhft, vkSj bldh ctk; gj ?kj esa Vhoh yxk nhft,A lkjh pht+sa vki&ls&vki Bhd gks tk;saxhA* ns[krs&gh&ns[krs gekjh eksVjlkbfdysa D+$Lcs ds ckgj pyh vk;haA fdlh us ihNk ugha fd;kA yEck li+$j FkkA esjh ?kM+h ds eqrkfcD+$ rhu ?k.VsA vpkud gh og [+kRe gks x;k] lqulku ohjkus eas] [+kkyh lM+d ij] ftlds nksuksa rji+$ taxy FkkA e¡xrw mrjkA eSa HkhA eksVjlkbfdysa pyrh cuha vkSj eSaus viuk fiV~Bw mBk;k vkSj ml NksVs&ls vkUrfjd lqj{kk ds [+krjs ds ihNs&ihNs taxy eas gks yhA fnu [+kwclwjr FkkA taxy dh t+ehu lqugjh x+kyhpk cuh gqbZ FkhA FkksM+h gh nsj eas ge ,d pkSM+h likV unh ds li+$sn] jsrhys rV ij igq¡p x;sA t+kfgjk rkSj ij og cjlkrh unh Fkh] blfy, vc og deks&cs'k ,d vkgr ns'k

jsrhyk ry Fkh] chpksa&chp V[+kuksa rd vkrk ikuh] vklkuh ls gsy dj nwljh rji+$ tkus ds D+$kfcyA ml ikj îkfdLrku* FkkA ^ôgk¡ ij eSMe]** lki+$xks iqfyl vèkh{kd us eq>ls dgk Fkk] ^êsjs toku tku ysus ds fy, xksyh nkx+rs gSaA** tc ge ikj djus yxs rks eq>s ;g ckr ;kn vk;hA eSaus dYiuk eas ns[kk fd ge iqfylokys dh cUnwd ds fu'kkus ij gS[–a kqys bykD+$s eas uUgha vkÑfr;k¡] vklkuh ls mM+kus yk;D+$A ysfdu e¡xrw fcydqy csfi+$Ø tku iM+rk Fkk vkSj eSaus mlh dk vuqlj.k fd;kA nwljs rV ij gekjs bUrt+kj esa] nwc tSlh gjh deht+ igus] ftl ij ^gkWfyZDl* fy[kk Fkk] pUnw ekStwn FkkA mej esa FkksM+k&lk cM+k vkUrfjd lqj{kk dks [+krjkA 'kk;n chl dkA mlds ikl ,d eueksg ysus okyh eqLdku] ,d lkbfdy] mcys ikuh dk dSu vkSj esjs fy, Xywdkst+ fcLdqVksa ds dbZ iSdVs Fks] ikVhZ dh rji+$ lsA geus lk¡l Bhd dh vkSj fQj iSny py iM+sA lkbfdy] tSlk fd ckn eas irk pyk] ,d èkks[kk FkkA jkLrk yxHkx iwjh rjg lkbfdy ds v;ksX; FkkA ge [kM+h igkfM+;ksa ij p<+s vkSj dqN cgqr ladV&Hkjs dxkjksa ds lkFk&lkFk pV~Vkuh jkLrksa ls gksrs gq, uhps dks mrjsA tc og lkbfdy dks èkdsy u ikrk rks pUnw mls flj ds Åij mBk dj ys tkrk ekuks mldk dqN ot+u u gksA eSua s mldh vfHkHkwr xk¡o ds Nksjs okyh eqnzk vkSj gko&Hkko dks ys dj lkspuk 'kq: fd;kA eq>s ¼cgqr ckn esa½ irk pyk fd og gj rjg dk gfFk;kj pyk ysrk Fkk] ^flok ykbV e'khuxu ds]* mlus izQqYy Loj eas eq>s lwfpr fd;k FkkA ixfM+;ksa eas Qwy yxk;s rhu [+kwclwjr] vèksM+ vkneh gekjs lkFk&lkFk vkèks ?k.Vs rd pyrs jgs] tc rd fd gekjs jkLrs tqnk ugha gks x;sA lw;kZLr ds lkFk muds dUèkksa ls yVds >ksyksa ls ck¡x lquk;h nhA muesa mUgkasus eqx+sZ j[ks gq, Fks] tks os ckt+kj esa ys x;s Fks] ij csp ugha ik;s FksA ,slk yxrk gS fd pUnw v¡èksjs eas ns[k ldrk gSA eq>s viuh VkWpZ bLrseky djuh iM+rh gSA >haxqj cksyus yxrs gSaA vkSj tYn gh ,d ok|&oÙn] vkokt+ksa dk ,d xqEcn gekjs Åij ekStwn gksrk gSA eSa Åij] jkr ds vkdk'k dks ns[kus ds fy, rjlrh gw¡] ysfdu eq>s fgEer ugha gksrhA eq>s viuh vk¡[ksa t+ehu ij xkM+s j[kuh gSaA ,d ckj eas ,d D+$neA ,dkxz gksdjA eq>s dqÙkksa dh vkokt+ lqukbZ nsrh gS] ysfdu eSa crk ugha ldrh fd os fdruh nwj gSaA jkLrk lery gks tkrk gSA eSa vkdk'k dh rji+$ pksjh ls ,d Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

fuxkg Mkyrh gw¡A og eq>s vkËkfnr dj nsrk gSA eSa mEehn djrh gw¡ fd ge tYnh gh #dasxsA ^tYnhA* pUnw dgrk gSA ysfdu ,d ?k.Vs ls Hkh T+;knk le; yx tkrk gSA eq>s fo'kky isM+ksa dh èkq¡èkyh Nk;k,¡ ut+j vkrh gSaA ge ig¡qp tkrs gSaA xk¡o [kqyk&[kqyk yxrk gS] edku ,d&nwljs ls dki+$h nwjh ijA ftl ?kj eas ge nkf[+ky gksrs gSa og lqUnj gSA vkx ty jgh gS] dqN yksx bnZ&fxnZ cSBs gq, gSaA vkSj Hkh yksx ckgj gSa] v¡èksjs esaA eSa crk ugha ldrh fdrusA eq>s os eqf'dy gh ls ut+j vkrs gSaA ,d cqncqnkgV&lh QSy tkrh gSA yky lyke] dkWejsMA ^yky lyke]* eSa dgrh gw¡A eSa Fkdku ls ijs gw¡A ?kjokyh eq>s vUnj cqykrh gS vkSj gjh Qfy;ksa ds lkFk idk eqx+sZ dk 'kksjcsnkj lkyu vkSj FkksM+k&lk yky pkoy nsrh gSA 'kkunkjA mldh cPph esjs ikl lks jgh gS] mldh pk¡nh dh ik;y vkx dh jks'kuh esa pedrh gSA [kkus ds ckn eSa vius Lyhfiax cSx dh ft+i [kksyrh gw¡A vthc&lk vfrØe.k djus okyk 'kksj gksrk gSA cM+h okyh ft+i dkA dksbZ jsfM;ks pkyw dj nsrk gSA ch-ch-lh- dh fgUnh lfoZlA ppZ vkWi+$ baXyS.M us i;kZoj.k ds uqD+$lku vkSj Mksaxfj;k dksaM vkfnokfl;kas ds vfèkdkjksa ds guu dk gokyk nsrs gq, osnkUr dh fu;efxfj ifj;kstuk ls viuh èkujkf'k okil ys yh gSA eq>s xk;ksa dh ?kf.V;k¡] muds uFkquksa dh g¡Quh] [kqjksa dh [kl&[kl vkSj eosf'k;ksa ds iknus dh vkokt+sa lqukbZ nsrh gSaA nqfu;k Bhd&Bkd gSA esjh vk¡[ksa cUn gks tkrh gSaA lqcg ds ik¡p cts ge mB tkrs gSaA NS ctrs&ctrs py nsrs gSa vkSj nks ?k.Vksa esa ge ,d vkSj unh ikj djrs gSaA gj xk¡o eas] ftlls gksdj ge xqt+jrs gSa] beyh ds isM+ksa dk ,d ifjokj gS] fo'kky] Ñikyq nsorkvksa dh rjg mlds Åij fuxjkuh djrk gqvkA ehBh] cLrj dh beyhA X;kjg ctrs&ctrs lwjt dki+$h p<+ tkrk gS vkSj iSny pyus esa de et+k vkus yxrk gSA ge ,d xk¡o esa nksigj ds Hkkstu ds fy, #drs gSaA pUnw ?kj ds yksxksa ls ifjfpr tku iM+rk gSA ,d lqUnj ;qorh mlls pqgy djrh gSA og FkksM+k 'kekZ;k gqvk&lk yxrk gSA 'kk;n esjh ekStwnxh dh otg lsA [kkus eas elwj dh nky ds lkFk dPpk iihrk vkSj yky pkoy gSA vkSj filh gqbZ yky fepZA ge fQj ls iSny pyuk 'kq: djus ls igys lwjt ds rh[ksiu ds 'kkUr gksus dk bUrt+kj djsaxsA ge vkgr ns'k

>jks[ks esa ,d >idh ysrs gSaA bl txg eas ,d lknxh&Hkjh lqUnjrk gSA gj pht+ lki+$&lqFkjh vkSj t+:jr ds fglkc ls gSA dksbZ Bk¡lk&Bw¡lh ughaA ,d dkyh eqx+hZ feV~Vh dh uhph nhokj ij vkxs&ihNs D+$ok;n dj jgh gSA ck¡l dk ,d epku Qwl dh Nr ds cÙkksa dks lgkjk nsus ds lkFk&lkFk lkeku j[kus ds dke Hkh vkrk gSA ml ij frudksa dk >kM+w] nks <ksyfd;k¡] ljir dh cquh gqbZ Vksdjh] ,d VwVk gqvk Nkrk vkSj fipdk;s x;s [+kkyh xÙks ds fMCcksa dh iwjh Fkkd gSA esjh vk¡[k fdlh pht+ ij tk vVdrh gSA eq>s vius p'es dh t+:jr iM+rh gSA xÙks ij tks Nik gS] og ;g gS % vkbfM;y ikoj 90 gkbZ ,uthZ beY'ku ,DlIyksflo ¼Dykl&2½ ,l-Mh-lh-,-Vh- t+sM-t+sM-A vkn'kZ 'kfDr ;qDr 90 mPp ÅtkZ rjy foLQksVd ¼Js.kh&2½ ,l-Mhlh-,-Vh-t+sM-t+sM-A ge nks cts fQj pyuk 'kq: dj nsrs gSaA ftl xk¡o esa ge tk jgs gSa] ogk¡ ge ,d nhnh ls feysaxs] tks tkurh gS fd ;k=kk dk vxyk pj.k D;k gksxkA pUnw ugha tkurkA tkudkjh dh Hkh fdi+$k;r'kkjh gSA fdlh ds fy, Hkh lc dqN tkuuk t+:jh ugha gSA ysfdu tc ge xk¡o ij igq¡prs gSa] nhnh ogk¡ ugha gSA mldh dksbZ [+kcj ugha gSA igyh ckj eSa pUnw ds ekFks ij fpUrk dk gydk&lk ckny f?kjrs ns[krh gw¡A ,d cM+k ckny esjs Åij Nk tkrk gSA eSa ugha tkurh fd lapkj&iz.kkyh D;k gS] ysfdu vxj og xM+cM+k x;h gks rc D;k gksxk\ ge xk¡o ls FkksM+h nwjh ij Ldwy dh ,d futZu] ifjR;Dr bekjr ds ckgj Bgjs gSaA xk¡o ds lkjs ljdkjh Ldwy daØhV ds cqtks± dh rjg D;ksa cus gSa] ftuesa f[kM+fd;ksa dh txg yksgs ds 'kVj yxs gksrs gSa vkSj yksgs Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

Hkkjh #dkoVksa ds ckotwn mlus vius thfor cp fudyus dk ,d uD+'kk rS;kj fd;k gSA mls enn vkSj dYiuk'khyrk dh t+:jr gS] mls MkWDVjksa] vè;kidksa] fdlkuksa dh t+:jr gSA mls ;q) dh t+:jr ugha gSA

ds ljdus] eqM+us okys njokt+s\ xk¡o ds ?kjksa dh rjg feV~Vh vkSj Qwl ls D;ksa ugha\ D;ksafd os flikfg;ksa ds jgus ds fy, Hkh bLrseky gksrs gSa vkSj pkSfd;ksa ds fy, HkhA ^^vcw>ekM+ ds xk¡oksa esa]** pUnw dgrk gS] ^^Ldwy ,sls gh gSa---** og fruds ls t+ehu ij ,d bekjr dk uD+'kk cukrk gSA rhu vBdksus dejs eèkqeD[kh ds NÙks dh rjg ,d&nwljs ls tqM+s gq,---^^rkfd os lHkh rji+$ xksyh pyk ldsaA** og viuh ckr dks le>kus ds fy, js[kk,¡ [khaprk gS] fØdsV ds fp=k dh rjg–cYysckt+ dk ifg;k–gj fn'kk esa [ksyh x;h xsna ksa dk js[kk&fp=kA fdlh Hkh Ldwy esa dksbZ vè;kid ugha gS] pUnw crkrk gSA os lc&ds&lc Hkkx x;s gSaA ;k rqe yksxksa us mUgsa Hkxk fn;k gS\ ugha] ge fli+$Z iqfyl dks Hkxkrs gSa] ysfdu vè;kid ;gk¡ taxy esa Hkyk vk;sa gh D;ksa] tc mUgsa ?kj&cSBs rU[+okgsa fey tkrh gSa\ vPNk uqD+rk gSA og eq>s crkrk gS fd ;g ^u;k bykD+$k* gSA ikVhZ vHkh gky gh eas ;gk¡ nkf[+ky gqbZ gSA yxHkx chl ;qod&;qofr;k¡ vk igq¡prs gSaA chl lky dh mej ls dqN uhps&Åij dsA pUnw crkrk gS fd ;s xk¡o ds Lrj ds v)Z&lSfud gS–a ekvksoknh lSfud lksiku dh lcls fupyh lh<+hA eSaus igys dHkh mu tSls yksx ugha ns[ksA mUgksaus lkfM+;k¡ vkSj yqafx;k¡ igu j[kh gSa] dqN f?klh gqbZ ofnZ;ksa eas gSaA yM+dksa us xgus vkSj ixfM+;k¡ igu j[kh gSaA muesa ls gjsd ds ikl ,d iqjkuh rksM+snkj jkbi+$y gS] ftls ^Hkjekj* dgk tkrk gSA dqN ds ikl Nqjs] dqYgkfM+;k¡ vkSj rhj&deku Hkh gSaA ,d yM+dk ,d vux<+ eksVkZj fy;s gq, gS] tks rhu i”q$V yEch] Hkkjh uydwi dh uyh ls cuk gSA og ck:n vkSj fdjpksa ls Hkjk gS vkSj nkx+s tkus ds fy, rS;kj gSA og Hkkjh vkokt+ djrk gS] ysfdu ,d ckj gh nkx+k tk ldrk gSA fQj Hkh iqfylokyksa dks Mjk nsrk gS] os dgrs gSa vkSj [kh&[kh djds g¡lrs gSaA ;q) mudh izkFkfed fpUrk ugha tku iM+rkA 'kk;n blfy, fd mudk bykD+$k lyok tqMqe dh futh lhek&js[kk ds ckgj gSA mUgksaus xk¡o ds dqN ?kjksa ds fxnZ ckM+ cukus eas enn djrs gq,] rkfd cdfj;ksa dks [ksrksa esa tkus ls jksdk tk lds] vHkh&vHkh fnu Hkj dk dke [+kRe fd;k gSA os ekSt&eLrh vkSj mRlqdrk ls Hkjs gSaA yM+fd;ksa esa vkRe&fo'okl gS vkSj yM+dksa ls mudk O;ogkj lgt gSA esjs vUnj bl rjg dh pht+kas dks Hkk¡ius dh {kerk gS vkSj eSa izHkkfor gksrh gwA¡ pUnw crkrk gS fd vkgr ns'k

mudk dke gS pkj ;k ik¡p xk¡oksa ds lewg dh x'r yxkuk vkSj mudh fgi+$kt+r djuk vkSj [ksrksa esa enn djuk] dq,¡ lki+$ djuk ;k ?kjksa dh ejEer djuk–t:+ jr ds lkjs dkeksa eas gkFk c¡VkukA vc Hkh nhnh dk dqN vrk&irk ughaA D;k fd;k tk;s\ dqN ughaA bUrt+kjA dqN dkVus&Nhyus esa enn djukA [kkus ds ckn] fcuk T+;knk ckrphr ds] lc&ds&lc D+$rkj ck¡èk ysrs gSaA lki+$ gS fd gesa pyuk gSA gj pht+ gekjs lkFk&lkFk pyrh gSp– koy] lfCt+;k¡] crZu&Hkk¡MsA ge Ldwy ds vgkrs ls ckgj vkdj bdgjh ik¡r eas taxy ds Hkhrj nkf[+ky gks tkrs gSaA vkèks ?k.Vs ls Hkh de le; esa ge taxy ds chp ,d [kqyh txg esa vk igq¡prs gSa] tgk¡ gesa lksuk gSA ogk¡ t+jk Hkh vkokt+ ugha dh tkrhA dqN gh feuVksa ds Hkhrj lc viuh&viuh uhyh&IykfLVd dh pknj–gj txg fo|eku ^f>Yyh*–fcNk ysrs gSa ¼ftlds fcuk dksbZ ØkfUr ugha gksxh½A pUnw vkSj e¡xrw feydj vius fy, ,d f>Yyh fcNkrs gSa vkSj ,d esjs fy,A os esjs fy, lcls cf<+;k txg [kkst nsrs gSa] lcls vPNh lysVh pV~Vku ds iklA pUnw dgrk gS fd mlus nhnh dks ,d l¡nslk Hkstk gSA vxj mls fey tkrk gS rks og lqcg&lqcg ;gk¡ vk igq¡psxhA vxj mls fey tkrk gS rksA ,d yEcs vlsZ ds nkSjku ;g lcls lqUnj dejk gS] ftlesa eSa lks;h gw¡A esjk futh d{k gt+kj&flrkjk gksVy gSA eSa fofp=k gfFk;kjksa okys bu vthc] lqUnj cPpksa ls f?kjh gqbZ gw¡A os lHkh ekvksoknh gSa] ;g iDdk gSA D;k os lc&ds&lc ekjs tk;saxs\ D;k ^taaxy ;q) izf'k{k.k fo|ky;* buds fy, xfBr fd;k x;k gS\ vkSj rksièkkjh gsyhdkWIVj] rki fu;af=kr Nfo&fuekZrk midj.k vkSj yst+j nwjh&ekid ;a=k\ bUgsa D;ksa ejuk iM+s\ fdlfy,\ bl lkjh txg dks ,d [knku esa cnyus ds fy,\ eq>s ds;ksu>kj] mM+hlk esa dPps yksgs dh [kqyh [knkuksa dh ;k=kk ;kn gks vk;hA ogk¡ dHkh ou gqvk djrk FkkA vkSj ,sls gh cPpsA vc og bykD+$k dPps] yky t+[+e&ljh[kk gSA yky èkwy vkids uFkquksa vkSj QsQM+ksa esa Hkj tkrh gSA ikuh yky gS] gok yky gS] yksx yky gSa] muds QsQM+s vkSj cky yky gSaA lkjk fnu] lkjh jkr Vªd muds xk¡oksa ls ?kM+?kM+krs gq, xqt+jrs gSa] cEij&ls&cEij lVk;s] gt+kjksa&gt+kjksa Vªd] yksgs ds pwjs dks ikjknhi ys tkrs gq,] tgk¡ ls og phu tk;sxkA ogk¡ ;g rCnhy gksxk–dkjksa vkSj èkq,¡ vkSj jkrks&a jkr mHkj dj [kM+s gks Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

taxy esa ekvksoknh cSuj Hkkjr dks lkezkT;okn dk pjkxkg cukus ls jksdksA dsUnz ljdkj dks gekjs oksV ek¡xus dk dksbZ gd ugha gSA bu vjcifr;ksa dks oksV er nks tks gekjh lEifÙk dks cspdj /kuoku cu jgs gSaA vkRefuHkZj] ØkfUrdkjh fodkl ds fy, la?k"kZ djksA yksdlHkk pqukoksa dk cfg"dkj djksA

ykSax ekpZ vc ge ,d iafDr esa vkxs c<+ jgs FksA eSa vkSj ,d lkS ^laosnughu fgald] [kwu ds I;kls* yM+kdwA

tkus okys vuisf{kr uxjksa es(a ,slh ^fodkl&nj* est –a ks vFkZ&'kkfL=k;ksa dks vokd NksM+ tk;sxh–vkSj gfFk;kjksa eas ftuls ;q) NsMk+ tk;sA lc lks x;s gSa] flok mu igjsnkjksa ds tks Ms<+&Ms<+ ?k.Vs dh ikfy;ksa esa x'r dj jgs gSaA vkf[+kjdkj eSa flrkjksa dh rji+$ ns[k ldrh gw¡A tc eSa cPph Fkh vkSj ehukpy unh ds fdukjksa ij cM+h gks jgh Fkh] eSa lkspk djrh Fkh fd >haxqjksa dh vkokt+t – ks ges'kk >qViqVk gksus ij 'kq: gks tkrh Fkh–pedus ds fy, rS;kj gksrs flrkjksa ds rst+h ls ?kweus dh vkokt+ FkhA eq>s vpjt gksrk gS fd eq>s ;gk¡ gksuk fdruk vPNk yx jgk gSA nqfu;k dh vkSj dksbZ txg ugha tgk¡ eSa bl txg dh ctk; gksuk pkgw¡xhA vkt dh jkr eSa D;k cuw¡\ flrkjksa ds uhps dkWejsM jgsyA gks ldrk gS nhnh dy vk tk;sA os 'kq: nksigj ds oD+r vkrs gSaA eSa mUgsa nwj ls ns[k ldrh gw¡A os yxHkx iUnzg gSa] lc&ds&lc i+$kSth jax dh gjh ofnZ;ksa easA gekjh rji+$ vkrs gq, os ftl rjg nkSM+ jgs gSa] mls bruh nwj ls ns[krs gq, Hkh eSa crk ldrh gw¡ fd os t+cnZLr yM+kds gSaA ^tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk* ds flikghA bUgha ds fy, gSa rki&fu;af=kr Nfo&fuekZrk midj.k vkSj yst+j&funsZf'kr jkbi+$ysaA bUgha ds fy, gSa ^taxy ;q) izf'k{k.k fo|ky;A* os ?kkrd fD+$Le dh cUnwdsa fy;s gq, gSa] bulkl] Lopkfyr jkbi+$ysa] nks ds ikl ,ds&47 Hkh gSaA tRFks ds usrk dkWejsM ekèko gSa] tks ukS lky dh mez ls ikVhZ ds lkFk gSaA os okjaxy] vkUèkz izns'k ds jgus okys gSaA bl le; os fo{kqCèk vkSj csgn 'keZlkj gSaA lapkj&O;oLFkk esa Hkkjh xM+cM+h gqbZ] os ckj&ckj dgrs gSa] tks vke rkSj ij dHkh ugha gksrhA igyh gh jkr esjk eq[; f'kfoj ij igq¡p tkuk r; FkkA fdlh us chp ds lapkj esa Hkwy ls Øe&Hkax dj fn;kA eksVj lkbfdy ls Hkh ,d fcydqy vyx txg igq¡puk FkkA geus vkidks bUrt+kj djk;k] geus vkidks bruk pyus ij etcwj fd;kA tc l¡nslk vk;k fd vki ;gk¡ gSa rks ge nkSM+rs gq, vk;s gSaA eSaus dgk fi+$Ø dh dksbZ ckr ugha] eSa bUrt+kj djus] iSny pyus vkSj lquus ds fy, rS;kj gksdj vk;h FkhA os rRdky py nsuk pkgrs gSa] D;ksafd dSEi ij yksx bUrt+kj dj jgs Fks vkSj fpfUrr FksA dSEi rd dqN ?k.Vksa dh iSny ;k=kk gSA v¡èksjk gks pyk gS tc ge ogk¡ igq¡prs gSaA igjsnkjksa dh dbZ ijrsa vkSj x'r ds ,d ds ckn ,d dbZ nk;js vkgr ns'k

gSaA nks D+$rkjksa esa dkWejsM [kM+s gSaA fxurh esa os lkS ds D+$jhc gksaxsA os xkus yxrs gS– a yky yky lyke] yky yky lyke] vkus okys lkfFk;ksa dks yky yky lykeA cM+h feBkl ds lkFk] ekuks og fdlh unh ;k fdlh taxyh Qwy ds ckjs esa dksbZ yksdxhr gksA xhr ds lkFk vfHkoknu] gkFk feykuk] fHkaph gqbZ eqV~BhA gj dksbZ cqncqnkrs gq, gjsd dk vfHkoknu djrk gS] ykyLyke] eLyke] Lyke--yxHkx iUnzg oxZ i”q$V dh ,d cM+h&lh uhyh f>Yyh ds flok ^dSEi* dk dksbZ fu'kku ugha gSA bl f>Yyh dh ,d Nr Hkh gSA f>Yyh ls cuh gqbZA ;g jkr Hkj ds fy, esjk dejk gSA eq>s ;k rks fnu&jkr pyus dk buke fey jgk Fkk ;k fQj vkxs tks vkus okyk Fkk] mlds fy, nqyjk;k tk jgk Fkk] ;k nksuksa ghA nksuksa gh fLFkfr;ksa esa ;g iwjs nkSjs esa vkf[+kjh ckj Fkk] tc esjs flj ij Nr gksus okyh FkhA jkr ds [kkus ij eSa dkWejsM ueZnk ls] tks ØkfUrdkjh vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu* dh izHkkjh gSa vkSj ftu ds flj ij buke gS] tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk dh dkWejsM ljkstk ls] tks cl viuh Lopkfyr jkbi+$y ftruh gh yEch gSa] dkWejsM ekls ls ¼ftldk eryc xksaMh esa dkyh yM+dh gksrk gS½ ftuds flj ij Hkh buke gS] vkSj dkWejsM :ih ls] tks rduhdh tknwxj gSa vkSj dkWejsM jktw ls feyh] tks ml e.My ds izHkkjh gSa] ftlls gksdj eSa vk jgh Fkh vkSj dkWejsM os.kq ¼;k eqjyh ;k lksuw ;k lq'khy] tks Hkh vki mudks cqykuk pkgsa½ ls Hkh] tks Li"V :i ls mu lceas lcls ofj"B FksA 'kk;n dsUnzh; lfefr ;k 'kk;n ikWfyV C;wjks HkhA eq>s crk;k ugha tkrk] eSa iwNrh Hkh ughaA gekjs chp xksaMh] gYch] rsyqxw] iatkch vkSj ey;kye Hkk"kh gSaA fli+$Z ekls vaxzst+h cksyrh gSaA ¼fygkt+k ge lc fgUnh esa ckrphr djrs gSa½A dkWejsM ekls yEch vkSj [+kkeks'k gSa vkSj mUgsa ckrphr eas fgLlk ysus ds fy,] yxrk gS] ihM+k dh ,d ijr ls rSj dj vkuk iM+rk gS] ysfdu ftl rjg os eq>s xys yxkrh gSa eSa crk ldrh gw¡ fd os ikfBdk gSaA vkSj ;g Hkh fd mUgsa taxy eas fdrkcksa dh deh eglwl gksrh gSA os eq>s viuh O;Fkk ckn gh esa crk;saxh] tc os eq>s vius nq[k dk lk>hnkj cuk;sxa hA cqjh [+kcj vkrh gS] tSlk fd bl taxy eas gksrk gSA ^fcLdqVksa* ds lkFk ,d gjdkjkA dkx+t+ ij gkFk ls fy[ks iqt+sZ] rgk dj vkSj LVsiy yxk dj NksVs&NksVs pkSdksj VqdM+ksa dh 'kDy esaA os >ksyk Hkj gSaA fpi dh rjgA gj txg Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

ls [+kcjA iqfyl us vksaxukj xk¡o eas ik¡p yksxksa dks ekj fn;k gS] pkj v)ZlSfud vkSj ,d lk/kkj.k xzkeh.k % lUrw iksV~Vk;h ¼25½] Qwyw oM~Ms ¼22½] d.Ms iksV~Vk;h ¼22½] jkeksyh oM~Ms ¼20½] nylkbZ dksjke ¼22½A os fiNyh jkr ds esjs rkjksa tM+s 'k;u&d{k ds cPps gks ldrs FksA fQj vPNh [+kcj vkrh gSA yksxksa ds NksVs&ls tRFks ds lkFk ,d xksy&eVksy ;qodA mlus Hkh i+$kSth onhZ igu j[kh gS] ysfdu og u;h tku iM+rh gSA lc mls ljkgrs gSa vkSj mldh fi+$fVax ij Vhdk&fVIi.kh djrs gSaA og 'kekZ;k gqvk vkSj [”kq'k fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA og MkWDVj gS] tks vius lkfFk;ksa ds lax taxy esa jgus vkSj dke djus vk;k gSA cjlksa gq, tc dksbZ MkWDVj n.Mdkj.; esa vk;k gSA jsfM;ks ij ;q) dh ppkZ ds fy, ^okeiUFkh mxzokn* ls izHkkfor ik¡p jkT;ksa ds eq[;eaf=k;ksa ds lkFk x`gea=kh dh cSBd dh [+kcj vk jgh gSA >kj[k.M vkSj fcgkj ds eq[;ea=kh ladksp cjr jgs gSa vkSj mifLFkr ugha gq, gSaA jsfM;ks ds bnZ&fxnZ cSBs lHkh yksx g¡l iM+rs gSaA pqukoksa ds le; ds vkl&ikl] vfHk;ku dh iwjh vofèk ds nkSjku vkSj fQj lEHko gS ljdkj xfBr gksus ds ,d&nks eghus ckn rd] eq[; èkkjk ds jktusrk dqN ,slh ckrsa dgsaxs tSls ^uDly rks gekjs cPps gSaA* ysfdu os dc vius eu cny nsaxs vkSj uk[+kwu vkSj nk¡r fudky ysaxs] blds dk;ZØe ls vki viuh ?kfM+;k¡ feyk ldrs gSaA esjk ifjp; dkWejsM deyk ls djk;k tkrk gSA eq>s fgnk;r nh tkrh gS fd fdlh Hkh gkyr eas mls txk;s fcuk eSa viuh f>Yyh ls ik¡p i”q$V nwj Hkh u tkÅ¡] D;ksafd v¡èksjs esa lcdks fn'kk&Hkze gks tkrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh xEHkhj :i ls xqe gks ldrk gSA ¼eSa mls ugha txkrhA ?kksM+s csp dj lks;h jgrh gw¡½A lqcg deyk eq>s ihyh ikWfyFkhu dk ,d fMCck nsrh gS] ftldk ,d dksuk dVk gqvk gSA dHkh mlesa ,fcl xksYM fji+$kb.M lks;k rsy FkkA vc og esjk 'kkSp dk yksVk gSA ØkfUr dh jkg eas dqN Hkh t+k;k ugha fd;k tkrkA ¼vc Hkh eSa dkWejsM deyk ds ckjs esa gj le; lksprh gw¡] gj jkst+A og l=kg dh gSA dej esa nslh dV~Vk ck¡èks jgrh gSA vkSj HkbZ okg] D;k eqLdku gS mldhA ysfdu vxj og iqfyl ds gRFks p<+ x;h rks os mls ekj nsaxsA gks ldrk gS fd os igys mlds lkFk cykRdkj djsaA dksbZ loky ugha iwNs tk;saxsA D;ksafd og vkUrfjd lqj{kk dks [+krjk gSA½ vkgr ns'k

uk'rs ds ckn dkWejsM os.kq ¼lq'khy] lksuw] eqjyh½ f>Yyh ij ikyFkh ekjdj cSBs gq, esjh izrh{kk dj jgs gSaA dqy feyk dj ,d nqcys&irys xzkeh.k vè;kid tSls fn[krs gq,A eq>s bfrgkl dk lcD+$ feyus okyk gSA ;k T+;knk lgh rkSj ij ,d O;k[;ku–n.Mdkj.; ds ou&{ks=k eas fiNys rhl o"kks± ds bfrgkl ij] ftldk ifj.kke ml ;q) esa gqvk gS] tks vkt co.Mj dh rjg mlds pDdj dkV jgk gSA ;D+$huu] ;g ,d i{kèkj c;ku gSA ysfdu fQj dkSu&lk bfrgkl i{kèkj ugha gksrk\ gj gky esa xqIr bfrgkl dks lkoZtfud fd;k gh tkuk pkfg, vxj mldk fojksèk vkSj [k.Mu gksuk gS] ml ij cgl dh tkuh gS] ctk; blds fd mlds ckjs esa >wB cksyk tk; tks vHkh gks jgk gSA dkWejsM os.kq dk joS;k 'kkUr vkSj vk'oLr djus okyk gS vkSj vkokt+ esa ,d eqyk;fe;r tks vkus okys fnuksa esa ,d ,sls lUnHkZ eas mHkj dj lkeus vk;sxh] tks iwjh rjg esjs vkSlku [+krk dj nsxhA bl lqcg os dbZ ?k.Vksa rd ckrsa djrs gSa] yxHkx èkkjkizokgA os ,d NksVs&ls Hk.Mkj ds O;oLFkkid dh rjg gSa] ftlds ikl pkfHk;ksa dk ,d Hkhedk; xqPNk gks] ftlls og dgkfu;ksa] dforkvksa vkSj vUrnZ`f"V;ksa ls Hkjs njkt+ksa dh Hkwy&HkqyS;k¡ [kksy ldsA dkWejsM os.kq mu lkr gfFk;kjcUn nLrksa eas ls ,d esa Fks] tks 30 o"kZ igys vkUèkz izns'k ls twu 1980 eas xksnkojh ikj djds n.Mdkj.; ou eas nkf[+ky gq, FksA os mu igys 49 yksxksa eas ls ,d gSaA os ewy uDlyokfn;ksa] Hkkjr dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekDlZoknh ysfuuoknh½ ls VwVs gq, ,d fgLls ihiqYl okWj xzqi ds lnL; FksA mlh o"kZ vizSy esa dks.MkiYyh lhrkjeS;k ds usr`Ro esa ihiqYl okWj xzqi dks vkSipkfjd rkSj ij ,d vyx] Lora=k ikVhZ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA ihiqYl okWj xzqi us ,d LFkk;h lsuk fufeZr djus dk i+$Slyk fd;k Fkk] ftlds fy, mls ,d vkèkkj&{ks=k dh t+:jr FkhA n.Mdkj.; dks og vkèkkj&{ks=k gksuk Fkk vkSj os igys tRFks bykD+$s dh tk¡p&iM+rky djus vkSj Nkikekj vapy cukus dh izfØ;k 'kq: djus ds fy, Hksts x;s FksA ;g cgl fd dE;qfuLV ikfVZ;ksa ds ikl ,d LFkk;h lsuk gksuh pkfg, ;k ugha vkSj viuh 'kCnkoyh ds fygkt+ ls ^tulsuk* ,d vUrfoZjksèk gS ;k ugha] ,d iqjkuh cgl gSA ihiqYl okWj xzqi }kjk lsuk xfBr djus dk i+$Slyk vkUèkz izns'k eas mlds vuqHkoksa ls mitk Fkk] tgk¡ ^Hkwfe tksrus okys dh* uked vfHk;ku dk urhtk t+ehankjksa ds lkFk lhèkh eqBHksM+ eas gqvk Fkk] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i dqN ,slk iqfyl neu lkeus vk;k Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

ihiqYl fycjs'ku xqfjYyk vkehZ ¼ih,yth,½ dh ,d dkWejsM ih,yth, dh vkSipkfjd LFkkiuk fnlEcj 2000 esa gqbZ FkhA ;g iw.kZr;k Lo;alsoh lsuk gSA blds dSMj esa 45 izfr'kr efgyk,¡ gSaA

dSEi pyus ls igys eSaus f'kfoj ij ut+j Mkyh FkhA flok FkksM+h&lh jk[k ds] tgk¡ vkx tyk;h x;h Fkh] ogk¡ dksbZ fpÌ ugha Fkk fd yxHkx lkS yksxksa us ;gk¡ Msjk Mkyk FkkA eq>s bl i+$kSt ij fo'okl ugha gksrkA tgk¡ rd miHkksx dk loky gS] ;g fdlh Hkh xk¡èkhoknh ls T+;knk xk¡èkhoknh gS vkSj fdlh Hkh _rq&ifjorZu&lqèkkjd ls de dkcZu iznw"k.k iSnk djus okyhA

Fkk] ftldk lkeuk djuk ikVhZ dks fcuk vius ,d izf'kf{kr is'ksoj yM+kdw cy ds fcuk vlEHko tku iM+k FkkA 2004 rd ihiqYl okWj xziq dk foy; nwljs lhihvkbZ ¼,e,y½ xqVksi–a kVhZ ;wfuVh vkSj ekvksbLV dE;wfuLV ls.Vj ¼tks vfèkdrj fcgkj vkSj >kj[k.M esa dke djrk gS½d – s lkFk gks x;k vkSj og Hkkjr dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekvksoknh½ cuk] tks og vc gSA z

n.Mdkj.; ml HkwHkkx dk fgLlk gS] ftls vaxzst+ vius xksjksa okys <ax ls] xksaMokuk dgrs Fks] xksaM yksxksa dh HkwfeA vkt eè; izns'k] NÙkhlx<+] mM+hlk] vkUèkz izns'k vkSj egkjk"Vª dh lhek,¡ bls phjrh pyh tkrh gSaA eqlhcr [kM+h djus okys yksxksa dks vyx&vyx iz'kklfud bdkb;ksa eas ck¡Vuk ,d iqjkuh pky gSA ysfdu ;s ekvksoknh vkSj ekvksoknh xksaM] jkT; lhekvksa tSlh pht+ksa dks cgqr [+kkfrj esa ugha ykrsA muds fnekx+ksa esa vyx uD+'ks gksrs gSa vkSj ouksa ds vU; izkf.k;ksa dh rjg muds vius futh iFk vkSj ekxZ gksrs gSaA muds fy, lM+dsa pyus ds fy, ugha cuh gSaA os fli+$Z ikj fd;s tkus ds fy, gSa ;k tSlk fd mÙkjksÙkj ns[kus esa vk;k gS] ?kkr yxk dj geyk djus ds fy,A gkyk¡fd ¼dks;k vkSj Mksjyk D+$chyksa esa c¡Vs½ xksaM dqy feyk dj lcls cM+h la[;k esa gSa] ogk¡ nwljs D+$ckbyh leqnk;ksa dh Hkh NksVh&NksVh cfLr;k¡ gSaA x+Sj&vkfnoklh leqnk;] O;kikjh vkSj ckgj ls vkdj cls yksx taxy ds fdukjksa ij] lM+dksa vkSj ckt+kjksa ds ut+nhd jgrs gSaA ihiqYl okWj xzqi n.Mdkj.; esa vkus okys lcls igys lqlekpkj okgd ugha FksA tkus&ekus xk¡èkhoknh ckck vkEVs us 1975 esa okjksjk eas viuk vkJe vkSj dq"B fuokj.k gLirky [kksyk FkkA4 jkeÑ".k fe'ku us vcw>ekM+ ds nwjLFk ouksa esa xzkeh.k fo|ky; [kksyus 'kq: fd;s FksA mÙkjh cLrj esa ckck fcgkjh nkl us ^vkfnokfl;ksa dks okil fgUnqvksa ds iUFk esa ykus ds fy,* ,d vkØked vfHk;ku 'kq: dj fn;k Fkk] ftlesa vkfnoklh laLÑfr dh fuUnk&HkRlZuk djus] vkRe&?k`.kk ds fy, mdlkus vkSj fgUnqRo ds lcls ojnku o.kZ&O;oLFkk ls ifjfpr djkus dk vfHk;ku 'kkfey FkkA igys&igys èkeZ ifjorZu djus okyksa] xk¡o ds eqf[k;kvksa vkSj cM+s t+ehankjksl–a Yok tqMeq ds laLFkkid egsUnz djek tSls vkgr ns'k

yksxksd –a ks f}tksa dh gSfl;r nh x;hA ¼cs'kd ;g ,d ik[k.M gS] D;ksfa d dksbZ czkã.k cu ugha ldrkA vxj ,slk gks ldrk rks vc rd ge czkã.kksa dk jk"Vª cu x;s gksrsA½ ysfdu ;g tkyh fgUnqRo vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, Bhd&Bkd ekuk x;k] Bhd ckD+$h nwljh pht+ksa ds tkyh uewuksa dh rjg tks xk¡oksa ds gkV esa csps tkrs gSf–a cLdqV] lkcqu] ekfplsa vkSj rsyA fgUnqRo ds vfHk;ku ds rgr Hkwfe lEcUèkh vfHkys[kksa esa xk¡oksa ds uke cny fn;s x;s] urhts ds rkSj ij vfèkdrj xk¡oksa ds vc nks&nks uke gSa] turk ds uke vkSj ljdkjh uke] felky ds fy, bUukj xk¡o fpUukjh esa rCnhy gks x;kA ernkrk lwfp;ksa esa vkfnoklh uke fgUnw ukeksa esa cny fn;s x;s ¼ekLlk djek] egsUnz djek cu x;kA½ tks fgUnw nk;js esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, vkxs ugha vk;s] mUgsa ^dVokl* ¼vNwr½ ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;k tks vkxs py dj ekvksokfn;ksa dk LokHkkfod fuokZpd e.My cu x;sA ihiqYl okWj xzqi us igys&igy nf{k.kh cLrj vkSj x<+fpjksyh esa dke 'k: fd;kA dkWejsM os.kq mu 'kq#vkrh eghuksa dk o.kZu dqN vfèkd C;ksjsokj <ax ls djrs gSaA dSls xk¡ooklh mUgsa 'kd dh ut+jksa ls ns[krs Fks vkSj mUgsa vius ?kjksa esa ugha vkus nsrs FksA dksbZ mUgsa [kkuk ;k ikuh ugha is'k djrk FkkA iqfyl us vi+$okgsa QSyk nh Fkha fd os pksj gSaA vkSjrsa vius xgus pwYgs dh jk[k esa fNik nsrh FkhaA Hkkjh ek=kk esa mRihM+u gqvkA uoEcj 1980 esa] x<+fpjksyh esa ¼tks rc pUnziqj ft+yk ds uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk½ iqfyl us xk¡o dh lHkk esa xksfy;k¡ pykuh 'kq: dj nha vkSj ,d iwjs&ds&iwjs tRFks dks ekj MkykA ;g n.Mdkj.; esa ^eqBHksM+* okyk igyk gR;kdk.M FkkA ;g izxfr dks vo#) dj nsus okyk lnek FkkA vkSj dkWejsM] xksnkojh ds ikj] okil vkfnykckn pys x;sA ysfdu 1981 esa os ykSV vk;sA mUgksaus vkfnokfl;ksa dks mu D+$herksa esa o`f) dh ek¡x djus ds fy, laxfBr djuk 'kq: fd;k tks mUgsa rsUnw ds iÙkksa ds fy, nh tkrh FkhaA ¼tks chfM+;k¡ cukus ds fy, bLrseky gksrs gSa½ ml le; O;kikjh yxHkx 50 iÙkksa ds c.My ds fy, 3 iSls nsrs FksA bl rjg dh jktuhfr ls fcYdqy vufHkK yksxksa dks laxfBr djuk] mUgsa gM+rky djus ds fy, rS;kj djuk ,d nq"dj dke FkkA vkf[+kjdkj gM+rky dke;kc jgh vkSj nke nqxuq s gks x;s,– d c.My ds NS iSlAs ysfdu ikVhZ dh vlyh dke;kch ;g Fkh fd og ,drk ds ykHk dks vkSj jktuhfrd ckrphr ds lapkyu ds ,d u;s rjhD+$s dks iznf'kZr dj ldh FkhA dbZ gM+rkyksa vkSj vkUnksyuksa ds ckn Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

vktdy rsUnw ds iÙkksa ds ,d c.My dh D+$her ,d #i;k gks x;h gSA ¼bu njksa ij ;g vlEHko&lk yxrk gS] ysfdu rsUnw dk O;kikj dbZ lkS djksM+ #i;ksa dk gksrk gSA½ gj ekSle esa ljdkj fufonk,¡ tkjh djrh gS vkSj Bsdsnkjksa dks rsUnw iÙkksa dh r; dh x;h ek=kk dks fudkyus dh vuqefr nsrh gSv – ke rkSj ij 1500 vkSj 5 gt+kj ekud cksjksa ds chpA gj ekud cksjs esa yxHkx ,d gt+kj c.My vkrs gSaA ¼cs'kd] ;g lqfuf'pr djus dk dksbZ rjhD+$k ugha gS fd Bsdsnkj ml ek=kk ls T+;knk u fudkysa ftldh mUgsa vuqefr gSA tc rd rsUnw dk iÙkk ckt+kj esa vkrk gS og fdyks ds Hkko fcdus yxrk gSA og idM+ esa u vkus okyk xf.kr vkSj uki&tks[k dh iz.kkyh] tks c.Myksa dks ekud cksjksa esa vkSj fQj fdyksxzkeksa esa ifjofrZr djrh gS] Bsdsnkjksa }kjk fu;af=kr gksrh gS vkSj blesa lcls [+kjkc fD+$Le ds tksM+&rksM+ dh xqatkb'k jgrh gSA lcls T+;knk datwlh ls fd;k x;k vuqeku muds equki+$s dks 1100 #i;s izfr ekud cksjk vk¡drk gSA ¼ikVhZ dks 120 #i;s izfr cksjk ^ysoh* nsus ds ckn½A bl fglkc ls Hkh ,d NksVk Bsdsnkj¼1500 cksjs½ ,d ekSle esa 16 yk[k #i;s vkSj cM+k Bsdsnkj ¼5 gt+kj cksjs½ 55 yk[k #i;s rd dk equki+$k dek ysrk gSA T+;knk lgh vuqeku bl jD+$e dk dbZ xquk gksxkA bl chp ^vkUrfjd lqj{kk dks xEHkhjre [+krjk* cl bruk dekrk gS fd vxys ekSle rd ft+Unk jg ldsA gekjh ckrphr FkksM+h&lh g¡lh&BV~Bs vkSj tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk ,d ;qod dkWejsM uhys'k dks ns[kdj #d tkrh gS] tks vius 'kjhj dks FkiFkikrk gqvk rst+h ls [kkuk idkus dh txg dh rji+$ vk jgk gSA tc og ikl vkrk rks eSa ns[krk gw¡ fd og ,d iÙks esa x”qLlk;h gqbZ yky phafV;ksa dk [kksark fy;s gq, gS tks mlds cnu ij jsax dj p<+ x;h gSa vkSj mls dkV jgh gSaA uhys'k Hkh g¡l jgk gSA ^^ D;k vkius phaVh dh pVuh [kk;h gSA** dkWejsM os.kq eq>ls iwNrs gSaA eSa dsjy esa fcrk;s cpiu ds dkj.k yky phafV;ksa ls Hkyh&Hkk¡fr ifjfpr gw¡A eq>s Hkh mUgksaus dkVk gS] ysfdu eSaus mUgsa dHkh [kk;k ughaA ¼pVuh Lokn curh gS] [kV~Vh] mlesa dki+$h ek=kk esa i+$ksfyd ,sflM gSA½ uhys'k chtkiqj dk jgus okyk gS tks lYok tqMqe dh dkjZokbZ;ksa ds dsUnz esa gSA uhys'k dk NksVk HkkbZ lYok tqMqe dh ywV&ekj vkSj vkxt+uh ds vfHk;kuksa esa ls ,d ds nkSjku mlesa 'kkfey gks x;k Fkk vkSj fo'ks"k iqfyl vi+$lj ¼,l-ih-vks-½ cuk fn;k x;k FkkA og cklxqMk f'kfoj esa viuh ek¡ ds lkFk vkgr ns'k

jgrk gSA mlds firk us okil xk¡o esa tkdj jgus ls budkj dj fn;kA njvly og iq'rSuh >xM+k gSA ckn esa tc eq>s uhys'k ls ckr djus dk ekSdk feyk rks eSaus uhys'k ls iwNk fd mlds HkkbZ us ,slk D;ksa fd;k FkkA ^^og cgqr NksVk Fkk]* uhys'k us dgk] ^mls csyxke ft+Unxh thus vkSj yksxksa dks rdyhi+$ igq¡pkus vkSj ?kjksa dks tykus dk ekSD+$k feykA og ixyk x;k vkSj mlus Hk;kud dke fd;sA vc og Q¡l x;k gSA og dHkh xk¡o okil ugha vk ldrkA mls dHkh eki+$ ugha fd;k tk;sxkA og bl ckr dks tkurk gSA* z

ge bfrgkl dss lcD+$ dh rji+$ ykSV vkrs gSaA ikVhZ dk vxyk cM+k la?k"kZ] dkWejsM os.kq crkrs gS]a cYykjiqj isij fey ds f[+kyki+$ FkkA ljdkj us Fkkij ?kjkus dks 45 lky ds fy, Hkkjh vuqnku okyh D+$herksa ij 1-5 yk[k Vu ck¡l fudkyus dk Bsdk ns j[kk FkkA ¼ckWDlkbV dh rqyuk esa jÙkh Hkj] fQj Hkh½A vkfnokfl;ksa dks ,d c.My ds fy, nl iSls fn;s tkrs FksA ftlesa ck¡l dh 20 Qqufx;k¡ gksrh FkhaA ¼eSa bl vlH; ykyp esa ugha iM+w¡xh fd bldh rqyuk ml equki+$s ls d:¡] tks Fkkij dek jgs FksA½ ,d yEcs vkUnksyu] gM+rky vkSj mlds ckn turk dh ekStwnxh esa dkx+t+ ds dkj[+kkus ds vfèkdkfj;ksa ls gqbZ okrkZvksa ds ckn D+$her frxquh gks x;h–30 iSls izfr c.MyA vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, ;g Hkkjh miyfCèk;k¡ FkhaA nwljs jktuSfrd nyksa us okns fd;s Fks] ysfdu mUgsa fuHkkus dk dksbZ ladsr ugha fn;k FkkA yksx ;g iwNus ds fy, ihiqYl okWj xzqi ls lEidZ djus yxs fd D;k os 'kkfey gks ldrs FksA ysfdu rsUnw] ck¡l vkSj nwljh oU; mit dh jktuhfr ekSleh FkhA LFkk;h flj&nnZ] turk dh eqlhcr dk vlyh dkj.k] rks lcls cM+k t+ehankj] ;kuh ou foHkkx FkkA gj lqcg ou foHkkx ds vfèkdkjh] muesa ls lcls NksVs&ls&NksVs Hkh] fdlh nq%LoIu dh rjg yksxksa dks vius [ksr tksrus] tykou bdV~Bk djus] iÙks rksM+us] Qy pquus] eos'kh pjkus] ;ksa dgsa fd thus ls jksdrs gq,] xk¡o esa izdV gksrs FksA os [ksrksa dks jkSanus ds fy, gkFkh ykrs vkSj xqt+jrs le; feV~Vh dks u"V djus ds fy, ccwy ds cht NhaVrs tkrsA yksx ihVs tkrs] fgjklr esa fy;s tkrs] viekfur fd;s tkrs] mudh i+$lysa rckg dj nh tkrhaA vycÙkk] ou foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa ds ut+fj;s ls ;s x+Sj&D+$kuwuh yksx Fks tks vlaoSèkkfud xfrfofèk;ksa Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

esa fyIr Fks vkSj ou foHkkx fli+$Z D+$kuwuh fu;e ykxw dj jgk FkkA ¼vkSjrksa dk ;kSu 'kks"k.k rks ,slh rdyhi+$nsg rSukrh ds fy, HkÙks dh rjg FkkA½ bu fiNys la?k"kks± esa turk dh Hkkxhnkjh ls lkgl tqVk dj ikVhZ us ou foHkkx dk lkeuk djus dk i+$Slyk fd;kA mlus yksxksa dks ou Hkwfe ij D+$Ct+k djds ml ij [ksrh djus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;kA ou foHkkx us ou&{ks=k esa clus okys u;s xk¡oksa dks tyk dj tokch dkjZokbZ dhA 1986 esa mlus chtkiqj esa jk"Vªh; m|ku dh ?kks"k.kk dh] ftldk eryc 60 xk¡oksa dks mtkM+uk FkkA muesa ls vkèks ls T+;knk gVk;s Hkh tk pqds Fks vkSj jk"Vªh; m|ku ds <k¡ps dk fuekZ.k 'kq: Hkh gks pqdk Fkk tc ikVhZ us izos'k fd;kA mlus fuekZ.k&dk;Z èoLr dj fn;k vkSj ckD+$h xk¡oksa dh csn[+kyh jksd nhA mlus bykD+$s esa ou foHkkx ds ?kqlus ij ikcUnh yxk nhA dqN ekSD+$ksa ij vfèkdkjh idM+s x;s vkSj isM+ksa ls ck¡èk dj xk¡ookfl;ksa }kjk ihVs x;sA ;g ihf<+;kas ls pys vk jgs Hk;kud 'kks"k.k dk jkgr& fnykÅ izfr'kksèk FkkA vUrr% ou foHkkx Hkkx [kM+k gqvkA 1986 ls 2000 ds chp ikVhZ us 3]00]000 ,dM+ oU; Hkwfe iqufoZrfjr dhA vkt] dkWejsM os.kq crkrs gSa] n.Mdkj.; esa dksbZ Hkwfeghu fdlku ugha gSA vkt ds ;qok yksxksa dh ih<+h ds fy, ou foHkkx lqnwj Le`fr dk fgLlk cu pqdk gS] mu dgkfu;ksa dh lkexzh gS] tks c¡èkqvkfxjh vkSj vieku ds ikSjkf.kd vrhr ds ckjs esa ek¡,¡ vius cPpksa dks lqukrh gSaA cM+s&cw<+ksa dh ih<+h ds fy, ou foHkkx ls eqfDr dk eryc vlyh vkt+knh FkkA os mls Nw ldrs Fks] p[k ldrs FksA bldk eryc Hkkjr dh Lora=krk ds vFkZ ls dgha T+;knk FkkA os bl ikVhZ ds bnZ&fxnZ tqVus yxs ftlus muds lkFk la?k"kZ fd;k FkkA lkr tRFkksa okyk ny ,d yEck jkLrk ikj dj vk;k FkkA mldk izHkko vc 60 gt+kj oxZ fdyksehVj dh oU; Hkwfe esa QSyk Fkk] gt+kjksa xk¡o vkSj yk[kks&a djksM+kas yksxA ysfdu ou foHkkx dh fonkbZ us iqfyl ds vkxeu dk ,syku fd;kA blls [+kwu&[+kjkcs dk nkSj pkyw gks x;kA iqfyl }kjk uD+$yh eqBHksM+saA ihiqYl okWj xzqi }kjk ?kkr yxk dj geysA Hkwfe ds iqufoZrj.k ds lkFk nwljh ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ Hkh vk;haf– lapkbZ] Ñf"k dh mit dh o`f) vkSj c<+rh gqbZ vkcknh dh leL;k tks euekus <ax ls oU; Hkwfe dks lki+$ dj jgh FkhA ^turk ds dke* vkSj ^lsuk ds dke* dks vyx&vyx djus dk i+$Slyk fd;k x;kA vkgr ns'k

vkt n.Mdkj.; dk iz'kklu ^turkuk ljdkjks*a t – urk ljdkjksd –a s foLr`r <k¡ps ds ekè;e ls pyk;k tkrk gSA blds lkaxBfud fl)kUr phuh ØkfUr vkSj fo;ruke ;q) dh nsu gSaA gj turkuk ljdkj dks xk¡oksa ds ,d lewg }kjk pquk tkrk gS] ftudh dqy vkcknh 500 ls 5000 rd gks ldrh gSA mlds ukS foHkkx gSÑ –a f"k] O;kikj&m|ksx] vkfFkZd] U;k;] j{kk] gLirky] tu& lEidZ] Ldwy&jhfr&fjokt vkSj taxyA turkuk ljdkjksa ds ,d lewg ds Åij ,d {ks=kh; lfefr gksrh gSA rhu {ks=kh; lfefr;ksa dks feyk dj ,d e.My curk gSA n.Mdkj.; esa nl e.My gSaA ^gekjs ikl ,d taxy cpkvks foHkkx gSA* dkWejsM os.kq dgrs gSa] ^vkius og ljdkjh fjiksVZ rks i<+h gksxh tks crkrh gS fd uDly bykD+$ksa esa taxy dk {ks=k c<+ x;k gSA* foMEcuk ;g gS] dkWejsM os.kq dgrs gSa] ou foHkkx ds f[+kyki+$ ikVhZ ds vfHk;ku ls ykHkkfUor gksus okys igys&igys yksxksa esa xk¡o ds eqf[k;k Fksf– }tksa dh VksyhA mUgksaus cgrh xaxk esa gkFk èkksrs gq, Hkjld T+;knk&ls&T+;knk Hkwfe ij D+$Ct+k dj ysus ds fy, vius yksxksa vkSj lalkèkuksa dk bLrseky fd;kA ysfdu fQj yksx vius ^vkUrfjd vUrfoZjksèkksa* dks ysdj ikVhZ ls lEidZ djus yxs] tSlk fd dkWejsM os.kq mls vuks[ks <ax ls O;Dr djrs gSa] vkSj ikVhZ us viuk è;ku vkfnoklh lekt ds vUnj fu"i{krk] oxhZ; lajpuk vkSj vU;k; ds fo"k; dh rji+$ dsfUnzr djuk 'kq: fd;kA cM+s t+ehankjksa us f{kfrt ij meM+rs rwi+$kuksa ds vklkj Hkk¡i fy;sA ikVhZ ds izHkko ds c<+us ds lkFk mudk izHkko ?kVus yxk FkkA T+;knk&ls&T+;knk rknkn esa yksx viuh leL;kvksa dks ysdj eqf[k;kvksa ds ikl tkus dh ctk; ikVhZ ds ikl tk jgs FksA 'kks"k.k ds iqjkus :iksa dks pqukSrh nh tkus yxhA o"kkZ ds igys fnu ijEijkxr :i ls yksx vius [ksrksa dh ctk; eqf[k;kvksa ds [ksrksa dks tksrk djrs FksA ;g cUn gks x;kA os vc eqf[k;kvksa dks egq, ;k ou dh nwljh mit dh igyh&igyh [ksi ugha is'k djrs FksA LokHkkfod :i ls dqN djus dh t+:jr FkhA ;gha bykD+$s ds lcls cM+s t+ehankjksa eas ls ,d] vkSj ml le; Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ds lnL;] egsUnz djek dk izos'k gqvkA 1990 esa mlus eqf[k;kvksa vkSj t+ehankjksa ds ,d lewg dks bdV~Bk fd;k vkSj ^tutkxj.k vfHk;ku* ds uke ls ,d eqfge 'kq: dhA ^turk* dks ^tkx:d* djus dk Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

turkuk ljdkj dk >aMk vkt n.Mdkj.; dk iz'kklu ^turkuk ljdkjksa*–turk ljdkjksa–ds foLr`r <k¡ps ds ekè;e ls pyk;k tkrk gSA gj turkuk ljdkj dks xk¡oksa ds ,d lewg }kjk pquk tkrk gS] ftudh dqy vkcknh 500 ls 5000 rd gks ldrh gSA mlds ukS foHkkx gSaA dkWejsM os.kq us dgk–^gekjs ikl ,d taxy cpkvks foHkkx gSA*

dkWejsM deyk turkuk ljdkj ds [ksr fn[kkrh gqbZ ;g vHkh ,d fodYi ugha cfYd–;g cUnwd ds cy ij xzke Lojkt dk vkbfM;k gSA ;gk¡ cgqr T+;knk Hkw[k gS] cgqr T+;knk chekjhA ysfdu mlus fodYi dh lEHkkouk,¡ rks fu'p; gh iSnk dj nh gSaA lkjh nqfu;k ds fy, ugha] u vykLdk ds fy, u u;h fnYyh] ;gk¡ rd fd 'kk;n lewps NÙkhlx<+ ds fy, Hkh ugha] cfYd [”kqn vius fy,A n.Mdkj.; ds fy,A

mudk rjhD+$k Fkk–txa y dks Nkuus ds fy, yxHkx rhu lkS yksxksa dk ,d f'kdkjh ny xfBr djds yksxksa dks ekjuk] ?kjksa dks tykuk] vkSjrksa ls cykRdkj djukA rRdkyhu eè; izns'k ljdkj us ¼NÙkhlx<+ vHkh cuk ugha Fkk½ iqfyl leFkZu tqVk;kA egkjk"Vª esa blh ls feyrs&tqyrs ^yksdrkaf=kd ekspsZ* us viuk vkØe.k 'kq: fd;kA ihiqYl okWj xzqi us bldk tokc lPph ihiqYl okWj xzqi 'kSyh esa dqN cgqr gh cnuke t+ehankjksa dks ekjdj fn;kA dqN gh eghuksa esa ^tutkxj.k vfHk;ku*–dkWejsM os.kq ds 'kCnksa esa ^li+$ns vkrad*–foyhu gks x;kA 1998 esa egsUnz djek us] tks rc rd dk¡xzsl ikVhZ esa 'kkfey gks pqdk Fkk–^tutkxj.k vfHk;ku* esa u;h tku Qwd ¡ us dh dksf'k'k dhA bl ckj mldh gok igys dh rqyuk esa vkSj Hkh rst+h ls fudy x;hA fQj 2005 dh xfeZ;ksa esa fD+$Ler ml ij esgjcku gks x;hA vizSy esa NÙkhlx<+ esa Hkktik ljdkj us ldy bLikr ds dkj[+kkus yxkus ds fy, nks D+$jkjukeksa ij gLrk{kj fd;s ¼ftudh 'krs± xqIr gSa½A ,d D+$jkjukek cSykMhyk esa ,Llkj LVhy ds lkFk 7]000 djksM+ dk Fkk vkSj nwljk yksg.MhxqMk esa VkVk LVhy ds lkFk 10]000 djksM+ dkA mlh eghus esa izèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag us ^ekvksokfn;ksa dks Hkkjr dh vkUrfjd lqj{kk ds fy, xEHkhjre [+krjk* crkus okyk viuk e'kgwj c;ku fn;kA5 ¼ml le; ;g dguk cgqr vthc Fkk] D;ksafd bldk myV lgh FkkA vkUèkz izns'k esa dk¡xzsl dh ljdkj us vHkh&vHkh ekvksokfn;ksa dk li+$k;k djds mUgsa usLrukcwn dj fn;k FkkA os vius dk;ZdrkZvksa esa ls yxHkx 1600 x¡ok cSBs Fks vkSj cqjh rjg vLr&O;Lr FksA½ izèkkuea=kh ds c;ku ls [kuu dEifu;ksa ds 'ks;jksa esa Hkkjh mNky vk;kA blus ehfM;k dks ;g Hkh ladsr fn;k fd tks dksbZ Hkh pkgs] mlds fy, ekvksoknh vklku f'kdkj FksA twu 2005 esa egsUnz djek us dqV: xk¡o esa eqf[k;kvksa dh ,d xqIr lHkk cqyk;h vkSj lYok tqMqe ¼ikoudkjh vk[ksV½ dk ,syku fd;kA vkfnoklh nslhiu vkSj f}t@ukt+h Hkkouk dh ,d lqUnj f[kpM+hA ^tu&tkxj.k vfHk;ku* ds foijhr lYok tqMqe t+ehuh&li+$kbZ dh dkjZokbZ Fkh] ftldk mn~ns'; yksxksa dks muds xk¡oksa ls gVk dj lM+d fdukjs ds f'kfojksa esa ys tkuk Fkk tgk¡ os iqfyl dh fuxjkuh esa jgsa vkSj mUgsa fu;af=kr fd;k tk ldsA lSfud 'kCnkoyh esa bls j.kuhfrd xzkeh.khdj.k dgrs gSaA bldh bZtkn tsujy lj gSjYM fczXl us 1950 esa dh Fkh tc eyk;k esa dE;qfuLVksa ds f[+kyki+$ vkgr ns'k

vaxzst+ksa us ;q) NsM+ j[kk FkkA fczXl ;kstuk Hkkjrh; lsuk esa cM+h yksdfiz; gqbZ] ftlus mls ukxkyS.M] fet+ksje vkSj rsyaxkuk esa bLrseky fd;k gSA NÙkhlx<+ esa Hkktik ds eq[; ea=kh je.k flag us ?kks"k.kk dh fd tgk¡ rd mudh ljdkj dk lEcUèk Fkk] tks xk¡ookys iqfyl f'kfojksa esa ugha tk;saxs] os ekvksoknh le>s tk;saxsA blfy, cLrj esa fdlh vke xk¡ooklh ds fy, ?kj ij jguk] lkèkkj.k thou thuk] [+krjukd vkradoknh xfrfofèk esa layXu gksus ds cjkcj Bgjk;k tkus yxkA fo'ks"k lRdkj ds rkSj ij yksgs ds I;kys esa dkyh pk; ds lkFk dksbZ eq>s ,d tksM+k bZ;j i+$ksu nsrk gS vkSj ,d NksVk&lk ,eih&3 Iys;j pkyw dj nsrk gSA ;g ,d [kj[kjkrh gqbZ fjdkWfM±x gS ftlesa cLrj ds rRdkyhu iqfyl vèkh{kd Mh-,l- eugj ,d NksVs vi+$lj dks csrkj ls mu iqjLdkjksa vkSj izksRlkguksa ds ckjs esa crk jgs gSa tks dsUnzh; vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa ^tkx`r* xk¡oksa dks vkSj mu yksxksa dks ns jgh gSa tks f'kfojksa esa tkus dks rS;kj gSaA os fQj Li"V funsZ'k nsrs gSa fd tks xk¡o ^leiZ.k* djus ls budkj djsa] mUgsa tyk fn;k tk;s vkSj tks i=kdkj uDlyokfn;ksa dh [+kcjsa bdV~Bh djuk pkgsa] mUgsa ns[krs gh xksyh ekj nh tk;sA ¼eSaus blds ckjs esa cgqr igys v[+kckjksa esa i<+k FkkA tc bl [+kcj dk Hk.MkQksM+ gqvk] iqfyl vèkh{kd dk rcknyk crkSj lt+k;– g lki+$ ugha gS fd fdls nsus ds fy,–jkT; ds ekuokfèkdkj vk;ksx esa dj fn;k x;kA lYok tqMqe dh ?kks"k.kk twu 2005 esa vEcsyh uked xk¡o esa xk¡o ds eqf[k;kvksa dh cSBd ds nkSjku dh x;hA twu ls fnlEcj 2005 ds chp og nf{k.kh nUrsokM+k ds lSdM+kas xk¡oksa dks tykrk] ywVrk] ogk¡ ekj&dkV vkSj cykRdkj dk D+$gj cjik djrk pyk x;kA mldh dkjZokb;ksa dk dsUnz cSykMhyk ds ut+nhd] chtkiqj vkSj HkSjex<+ CykWd Fks] tgk¡ ,Llkj LVhy dk u;k dkj[+kkuk LFkkfir djus dk izLrko FkkA ;g la;ksx ugha Fkk fd ;s bykD+$s ekvksokfn;ksa ds x<+ Hkh Fks] tgk¡ turkuk ljdkjksa us cgqr dke fd;k Fkk] [+kkl rkSj ij ty& lap; ds <k¡ps cukus ds flyflys esaA turkuk ljdkjsa lYok tqMqe ds geyksa dk [+kkl fu'kkuk cu x;haA lSdM+ksa yksx vR;fèkd ik'kfod rjhD+$ksa ls ekj fn;s x;sA yxHkx 60]000 yksx iqfyl f'kfojksa esa pys x;s] dqN LosPNk ls] dqN vkrafdr gksdjA buesa ls yxHkx 3000 dks 1500 #i;s ds osru ij fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkjh fu;qDr dj fn;k x;kA Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

lyok tqMwe usrk] MksukZ;ky dSEi] 2009

bl jÙkh&cjkcj i+$k;ns ds fy, uhys'k ds HkkbZ tSls ;qok yksxksa us [”kqn dks d¡Vhyh rkjksa ds ,d dkjkxkj esa vkthou D+$Sn dh lt+k ns nh gSA viuh Øwjrk ds dkj.k os bl Hk;kog ;q) ds lcls vHkkxs f'kdkj lkfcr gks ldrs gSaA lYok tqMqe dks Hkax djus okyk loksZPp U;k;ky; dk dksbZ i+$Slyk Hkh mudh fu;fr dks ugha cny ldrkA cps gq, yk[kksa yksx ljdkjh [”kqnZchu ds ckgj pys x;sA ¼ysfdu bu 644 xk¡oksa dh fodkl jkf'k ugha x;hA ml NksVh&lh lksus dh [knku dk D;k gqvk\½ muesa ls cgqr&ls yksx vkUèkz&izns'k vkSj mM+hlk dh rji+$ f[kld fy;s] tgk¡ os vke rkSj ij fephZ pquus ds ekSle esa fngkM+h et+nwjksa dh rjg izoklh cu dj tk;k djrs FksA ysfdu nfl;ksa gt+kjksa us taxy esa 'kj.k yh] tgk¡ os vc Hkh jgrs gSa] csvkljk thrs gq,] fli+$Z fnu ds le; vius [ksrksa vkSj ?kjksa esa okil vkrs gq,A lYok tqMqe }kjk vius ihNs NksM+s x;s >qyls gq, iFk ij iqfyl Fkkuksa vkSj f'kfojksa dk ,d >q.M c<+rk pyk vk;kA bjknk Fkk fd ekvksokfn;ksa }kjk fu;af=kr bykD+$s ij ^jsaxrs gq, fQj ls D+$Ct+k djus* dh [+kkfrj t+ehuh lqj{kk iznku dh tk;sA vuqeku ;g Fkk fd lqj{kk cyksa dh bruh ?kuh mifLFkfr ij ekvksoknh geyk djus dh tqjZr ugha djsaxsA vius rb± ekvksokfn;ks us ;g eglwl fd;k fd vxj os bl t+ehuh lqj{kk dks ugha rksM+rs rks ;g mu yksxksa dk lkFk NksM+us ds cjkcj gksxk ftudk Hkjkslk mUgksaus thrk Fkk vkSj ftuds lkFk fiNys iPphl lky ls os jgrs vkSj dke djrs vk jgs FksA mUgksaus flyflysokj geyksa }kjk lqj{kk&tky ds ân; ij tokch pksV dhA vkgr ns'k

26 tuojh] 2006 dks tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk us xaxkykSj iqfyl f'kfoj ij geyk fd;k vkSj lkr yksxksa dks ekj MkykA 17 tqykbZ] 2006 dks ,jkcksj ds lYok tqMqe f'kfoj ij geyk fd;k x;k] 20 yksx ekjs x;s vkSj 150 ?kk;y gq, ¼vkius 'kk;n blds ckjs esa dqN bl rjg dh [+kcj i<+h gks^– ekvksokfn;ksa us ml jkgr f'kfoj ij geyk fd;k tks jkT; ljdkj us mu xk¡ookyksa dks vkljk nsus ds fy, LFkkfir fd;k Fkk tks uDlyokfn;ksa }kjk cjik fd;s x;s vkrad ds dkj.k vius xk¡oksa ls Hkkx fudys Fks*½ 13 fnlEcj] 2006 dks mUgksaus cklkxqMk ^jkgr* f'kfoj ij geyk fd;k vkSj rhu fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj iqfyl ds ,d flikgh dks ekj fn;kA 15 ekpZ] 2007 dks buesa ls lcls nqLlkgfld geyk fd;k x;kA tueqfDr lsuk ds 120 Nkikekjksa us yM+fd;ksa ds ,d Nk=kkokl] jkuh cksfMyh dU;k vkJe ij geyk fd;k ftls NÙkhlx<+ ds 80 iqfylokyksa ¼vkSj fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa½ ds vkokl esa rCnhy dj fn;k x;k Fkk] tcfd yM+fd;k¡ rc Hkh ekuoh; <kyksa ds :i esa mlesa jgrh FkhaA tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk vgkrs esa nkf[+ky gqbZ] mlus ml ifjlj dks ?ksjk Mky dj vyx&Fkyx dj fn;k ftlesa yM+fd;k¡ jgrh Fkha vkSj cSjdksa ij geyk dj fn;kA 55 iqfyl okys vkSj fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkjh ekjs x;sA ,d Hkh yM+dh dks pksV ugha vk;hA ¼nUrsokM+k ds lki+$xks iqfyl vèkh{kd us eq>s viuk dEI;wVjhd`r izLrqrhdj.k fn[kk;k Fkk ftlesa mM+k;h x;h Ldwyh bekjr ds [k¡Mgjksa ds chp iqfylokyksa ds tys gq, dVs&QVs 'koksa ds i+$ksVks Hkh FksA os brus Hk;kud vkSj tqxqIlk iSnk djus okys Fks fd ut+jsa u gVkuk vlEHko FkkA esjh izfrfØ;k ij og izlUu fn[kk FkkA½ jkuh cksfMyh dU;k vkJe ij fd;s x;s foLQksV us ns'k esa gaxkek cjik dj fn;kA ekuokfèkdkj laLFkkvksa us u fli+$Z fgalk ds fy, ekvksokfn;ksa dh HkRlZuk dh] cfYd f'k{kk&fojksèkh gksus vkSj Ldwyksa ij geyk djus ds fy, HkhA ysfdu n.Mdkj.; esa jkuh cksfMyh okyk geyk ,d xkFkk cu x;k % mlds ckjs esa xhr vkSj dfork,¡ vkSj ukVd fy[ks x;sA ekvksokfn;ksa dk tokch geyk t+ehuh lqj{kk dks rksM+us esa lQy jgk vkSj yksxksa dks lk¡l ysus dh eksgyr feyhA iqfyl vkSj lYok tqMqe ds yksx vius f'kfojksa esa ykSV x;s tgk¡ ls os vc vke rkSj ij fli+$Z jkr ds lUukVs esa 300 ;k 1000 ds lewgksa esa xk¡oksa esa ?ksjscUnh vkSj <q¡<kbZ dh dkjZokb;k¡ djus ds fy, ckgj Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

vkrs gSAa èkhjs&èkhjs fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj muds ifjokjksa dks NksMd + j lYok tqMqe ds f'kfojksa ds ckD+$h yksx vius&vius xk¡oksa dks ykSVus yxsA ekvksokfn;ksa us mudh okilh dk Lokxr fd;k vkSj ?kks"k.kk dh fd fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkjh Hkh okil vk ldrs Fks % c'krsZ os lPps eu ls vkSj lkoZtfud rkSj ij vius dneksa ds fy, i'pkrki djsaA ;qok yksx >q.M&ds&>q.M ^tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk* esa 'kkfey gksus yxsA ¼tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk vkSipkfjd :i ls fnlEcj 2000 esa xfBr gqbZ FkhA fiNys rhl o"kks± esa mlds gfFk;kjcUn tRFks us cgqr èkhjs&èkhjs c<+ dj [k.Mksa dk :i ys fy;k Fkk] [k.M c<+ dj nLrs cus Fks vkSj nLrs dEifu;ksa esa rCnhy gq, FksA ysfdu lYok tqMeq dh ywV&ekj ds ckn tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk cM+h tYnh gh vius dks okfguh ds cjkcj ?kksf"kr djus ds D+$kfcy gks x;hA ;g iwjh rjg LoSfPNd lsuk gSA fdlh dks osru ugha fn;k tkrkA½ lYok tqMqe ukdke gh ugha gqvk Fkk] mlus cqjh rjg eq¡g dh [kk;h FkhA tSlk fd ge vc tkurs gSa] og fdlh NksVs&eksVs xq.Ms dh LFkkuh; dkjZokbZ Hkj ugha FkkA izsl esa nqeq¡gsiu ds ckotwn] lYok tqMqe NÙkhlx<+ dh jkT; ljdkj vkSj dsUnz esa lÙkklhu dk¡xzsl ikVhZ dk la;qDr vfHk;ku FkkA mls ukdke gksus ugha fn;k tk ldrk FkkA ,slh gkyr esa rks fcydqy ugha tc os lkjs&ds&lkjs D+$jkjukes 'kknh ds ckt+kj esa dqEgykrs mEehnokjksa dh rjg izrh{kkjr FksA ljdkj ij dksbZ u;h rjdhc bZtkn djus ds fy, csrgk'kk ncko FkkA ljdkj us vkWijs'ku xzhu g.V is'k fd;kA lYok tqMqe ds fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa dks vc dks;k dek.Mks dgk tkrk gSA dks;k dek.Mks ds vykok ljdkj us NÙkhlx<+ l'kó cy] dsUnzh; fjt+oZ iqfyl cy] lhek lqj{kk cy] Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl] dsUnzh; vkS|ksfxd lqj{kk cy] xzsgkm.M] LdkWfiZ;u] dkscjk rSukr fd;s gSaA vkSj ,d uhfr] ftls I;kj ls ân; vkSj eu thruk dgk tkrk gSA egRoiw.kZ ;q) vuisf{kr LFkkuksa ij yM+s tkrs gSaA [kqys ckt+kj ds iw¡thokn us lksfo;r dE;qfuT+e dks vi+$x+kfuLrku dh èkwlj igkfM+;ksa esa f'kdLr nh FkhA ;gk¡ nUrsokM+k ds taxyksa esa fgUnqLrku dh vkRek ds fy, ,d flj&èkM+ dh yM+kbZ py jgh gSA Hkkjrh; yksdra=k ds xgjkrs ladV vkSj cM+s O;kikfjd fuxeksa] izeq[k jktuSfrd nyksa vkSj lqj{kk&O;oLFkk ds vkilh x¡BtksM+ ds ckjs esa cgqr dgk tk pqdk gSA ysfdu vxj dksbZ rqjr&Qqjr ewY;kadu djuk pkgs rks mls nUrsokM+k tkuk pkfg,A vkgr ns'k

jkT; Ñf"k lEcUèkksa vkSj Hkwfe lqèkkjksa ds vèkwjs dk;Z ds ckjs esa ,d elfonk fjiksVZ ¼Hkkx&1½ esa dgk x;k gS fd VkVk LVhy vkSj ,Llkj LVhy lYok tqMqe ds igys lkgwdkjksa esa ls FksA D;ksafd og ,d ljdkjh fjiksVZ Fkh blfy, tc og v[+kckjksa esa Nih rks mlus gypy iSnk dj nhA ¼;g rF; ckn esa py dj vfUre fjiksVZ ls gVk fn;k x;k gSA D;k okD+$bZ Hkwy ls ;k fQj ldy bLikrh iats us fdlh ds dUèks dks gYds ls FkiFkik;k Fkk\6½ 12 vDVwcj] 2009 dks VkVk ds bLikr dkj[+kkus ds fy, vfuok;Z tu lquokbZ] ftls yksg.MhxqMk esa gksuk Fkk tgk¡ LFkkuh; turk vk ldrh Fkh] okLro esa ehyksa nwj txnyiqj ds ft+ykfèkdkjh dk;kZy; ds Hkhrj ,d NksVs&ls lHkkxkj esa Hkkjh lqj{kk ds ?ksjs esa gqbZA HkkM+s ij 50 vkfnokfl;ksa ds ,d lewg dks crkSj n'kZd] cLrj ls ljdkjh thiksa ds lqjf{kr dkfi+$ys esa yk;k x;kA cSBd ds ckn ft+ykfèkdkjh us yksg.MhxqMk dh turk dks mlds lg;ksx ds fy, cèkkbZ nhA LFkkuh; v[+kckjksa us bl >wB dks Nkik] gkyk¡fd os vlfy;r ls okfD+$i+$ FksA ¼èkM+kèkM+ foKkiu tks feyus yxsA½ xk¡ookyksa ds izfrokn ds ckotwn] ifj;kstuk ds fy, Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k 'kq: gks pqdk gSA vdsys ekvksoknh gh ugha gSa tks Hkkjrh; jktra=k dk r[+rk iyVuk pkgrs gSaA mldk igys Hkh dbZ ckj r[+rk&iyV gks pqdk gSA fgUnw dV~Vjrkokn vkSj vkfFkZd vfèkuk;dokn }kjkA nUrsokM+k ls dkj }kjk ik¡p ?k.Vs dh nwjh ij ekStwn yksg.MhxqMk dHkh uDlyoknh bykD+$k ugha FkkA exj vc gSA dkWejsM twjh] tks esjh cx+y esa cSBh Fkh tc eSa phafV;ksa dh pVuh [kk jgh Fkh] ml bykD+$s esa dke djrh gSA mlus dgk fd mUgksaus ogk¡ tkus dk i+$Slyk rc fy;k tc xk¡o ds ?kjksa dh nhokjksa ij ;g fy[kk feyus yxk fd ûDlyh vkvks] gesa cpkvksA* dqN eghus igys xk¡o iapk;r izeq[k foey esJke dks ckt+kj esa xksyh ekj nh x;hA ^ôg VkVk dk vkneh Fkk]** twjh dgrh gS] ^ôg yksxksa dks viuh t+ehu nsus vkSj eqvkot+k ysus ij etcwj dj jgk FkkA vPNk gS tks og [+kRe gks x;kA geus Hkh ,d dkWejsM x¡ok fn;kA mUgksaus mls xksyh ekj nhA vkidks vkSj piksyh pkfg,\* og fli+$Z chl lky dh gSA ^^ge VkVk dks ;gk¡ vkus ugha nsaxsA yksx mUgsa ugha pkgrs gSaA** twjh tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk esa ugha gSA og ikVhZ ds lkaLÑfrd [k.M ^psruk ukV~; eap* esa gSA og xkrh gS] xhr fy[krh gSA og vcw>ekM+ ls gSA Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

og dkWejsM ekèko ls fookfgr gSA og dkWejsM ekèko ds xkus ij jh> x;h Fkh tc og psruk ukV~; eap dh ,d e.Myh ds lkFk twjh ds xk¡o x;k FkkA½ eq>s eglwl gksrk gS eq>s bl eqD+$ke ij dqN dguk pkfg,A fgalk dh fujFkZdrk ds ckjs esa] rqjr&Qqjr e`R;q&n.M nsus dh vLohdk;Zrk ds ckjs esaA ysfdu eSa D;k lq>kÅ¡ fd os D;k djsa\ vnkyr esa tk;sa\ fnYyh esa tUrj&eUrj ij èkjuk nsa\ tqywl fudkysa\ Øfed vu'ku ij cSBsa\ lquus esa gkL;kLin yxrk gSA u;h vkfFkZd uhfr ds f<a<ksjfp;ksa dksf– tUgsa ^dksbZ fodYi ugha gS* dguk vklku tku iM+rk gS,– d oSdfYid izfrjksèk uhfr lq>kus ds fy, dgk tkuk pkfg,A ,d fo'ks"k uhfr] bl fof'k"V ou esa bu fof'k"V yksxksa dksA ;gk¡A vHkhA fdl ikVhZ ds fy, os ernku djsa\ fdl yksdrkaf=kd laLFkk ls os xqt+kfj'k djsa\ ueZnk ij cM+s ck¡èkksa ds f[+kyki+$ cjlksa&cjlksa la?k"kZ djus ds nkSjku dkSu&lk njokt+k Fkk tks ueZnk cpkvks vkUnksyu us ugha [kV[kVk;k Fkk\ z

v¡èksjk gSA f'kfoj esa <sj lkjh xfrfofèk gks jgh gS] ysfdu eSa dqN ugha ns[k ik jghA cl jks'kuh ds bèkj&mèkj pyrs&fQjrs fcUnqA ;g crkuk eqf'dy gS fd os rkjs gSa ;k tqxuw ;k pyrs gq, ekvksoknhA uUgk e¡xrw 'kwU; ls izdV gksrk gSA eSaus irk yxk fy;k Fkk fd og nl cPpksa ds ny dk lnL; gS tks ;qok dE;qfuLVksa ds lpy Ldwy dh igyh [ksi dk fgLlk gSa ftUgsa i<+uk&fy[kuk fl[kk;k tk jgk gS vkSj lkE;okn ds cqfu;knh fl)kUrksa esa nhf{kr Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA ¼^dPps fnekx+ksa esa fopkj Bw¡luk]* gekjk dkWjiksjsV ehfM;k ph[+krk gSA Vhoh ds tks foKkiu cPpksa ds lkspus yk;D+$ gksus ls igys gh mu ij fopkj yknus yxrs gSa] mUgsa fopkj Bw¡lus ds ekè;eksa ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tkrkA½ ;qok dE;qfuLVksa dks cUnwdsa ys dj pyus ;k onhZ iguus dh btkt+r ugha gSA ysfdu os f>yfeykrh vk¡[ksa fy;s] tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk ds tRFkksa dk ihNk djrs gSa] fi+$Yeh vfHkusrkvksa ds iz'kaldksa dh rjgA e¡xrw us cM+h dksey&lh vfèkdkj&Hkkouk ds lkFk eq>s viuk fy;k gSA mlus esjh ikuh dh cksry Hkj nh gS vkSj dgk gS fd eSa viuk lkeku ck¡èk yw¡A ,d lhVh ctrh gSA uhyh f>Yyh dk rEcw mrkj dj ik¡p feuV ds Hkhrj rgk fy;k tkrk gSA ,d vkSj lhVh vkSj lHkh lkS&ds&lkS dkWejsM D+$rkj esa [kM+s gks vkgr ns'k

tkrs gSaA ik¡p D+$rkjsaA dkWejsM jktw dkjZokbZ funsZ'kd gSaA gkft+jh yxrh gSA eSa Hkh D+$rkj esa gw¡ vkSj tc dkWejsM deyk tks esjs vkxs [kM+h gS eq>s ;kn fnykrh gS] viuh la[;k iqdkj dj crkrh gw¡ A ¼ge chl rd fxurs gSa vkSj fQj ,d ls 'kq: djrs gSa] D;ksafd T+;knkrj xksaM ogha rd fxu ikrs gSaA muds fy, chl dki+$h gSA gekjs fy, Hkh 'kk;n gksuk pkfg,A½ pUnw vc onhZ esa gS vkSj LVsuxu fy;s gq, gSA èkheh vkokt+ esa dkWejsM jktw ny dks fgnk;rsa ns jgs gSaA lc xksaMh esa gS] eq>s dqN Hkh le> esa ugha vkrk] ysfdu eSa yxkrkj ^vkj&oh* dk 'kCn lqurh jgrh gw¡A ckn esa jktw eq>s crkrs gaS fd ^vkj&oh* dk eryc gS jk¡nsow ¼feyu&LFky½A ;g vc xksaMh 'kCn cu pqdk gSA ^ge vkj&oh ds LFkku r; dj ysrs gSa rkfd vxj ge ij xksfy;k¡ pyus yxas vkSj yksxksa dks frrj&fcrj gksuk iM+s rks mUgsa irk gks fd mUgsa fQj ls dgk¡ bdV~Bk gksuk gSA* os fdlh Hkh gkyr esa ;g ugha tku ldrs fd ;g ckr eq>s fdl rjg dh ?kcjkgV ls Hkj nsrh gS] blfy, ugha fd eSa vius Åij xksfy;k¡ pyk;s tkus ls Mjrh gw¡] cfYd blfy, fd eSa [kks tkus ls Hk;Hkhr gw¡A eSa fn'kk&Hkze dh ekjh gw¡] vius lksus ds dejs vkSj xq”ly[+kkus ds chp HkVd tkus ds D+$kfcy gw¡A 60]000 oxZ fdyksehVj ds taxy esa D;k dj ikÅ¡xh eSa\ vksys iM+sa ;k xksfy;k¡ pysa] eSa dkWejsM jktw dk iYyw ugha NksM+us okyhA gekjs pyus ls igys dkWejsM os.kq esjs ikl vkrs gSaA ^^vPNk rks dkWejsM eSa pyw¡xk vcA** eq>s èkDdk&lk yxrk gSA os Åuh Vksih vkSj pIiyksa esa ,d NksVs&ls ePNj tSls yxrs gSa] vius vaxj{kdksa ls f?kjs gq,] rhu enZ vkSj rhu vkSjrsaA iwjh rjg gfFk;kjcUnA ^^ge vkids cgqr vkHkkjh gSa dkWejsM fd vki bruh nwj ;gk¡ vk;ha]** os dgrs gSaA ,d ckj fQj gkFk feykuk] fHkaph gqbZ eqV~Bh fgykukA ^^yky lyke dkWejsMA** os taxy esa x+k;c gks tkrs gSa] dqaft;ksa ds j[kokysA vkSj iy Hkj esa ,slk yxrk gS fd os dHkh ;gk¡ Fks gh ughaA eSa FkksM+k Bxh&lh jg tkrh gw¡A ysfdu esjs ikl lquus ds fy, dbZ ?k.Vksa dh fjdkWfM±x gSA vkSj tSls&tSls fnu g¶+rksa esa cnysaxs eSa cgqr&ls yksxksa ls feyw¡xh tks ml :i&js[kk esa jax vkSj C;ksjs Hkjsaxs tks dkWejsM os.kq us esjs fy, [khaph FkhA ge myVh fn'kk esa pyuk 'kq: dj nsrs gSaA ehy Hkj nwj ls gh vk;ksMsDl ls egdrs dkWejsM jktw f[kyh gqbZ eqLdku ds lkFk dgrs gSa] ^^esjs ?kqVus tokc ns pqds gSaA eSa rHkh py ikrk gw¡ tc nnZ nwj djus okyh eqV~Bh Hkj xksfy;k¡ [kk yw¡A** Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

foJke n.Mdkj.; ,sls yksxksa ls Hkjk gqvk Fkk] ftuds dbZ uke Fks vkSj ikuh ij fy[kh igpkusaA esjs fy, ;g eyge ljh[kk Fkk] ;g fopkjA fdruk mEnk gS gj oD+r vius lkFk fpids u jguk] dqN nsj ds fy, dksbZ vkSj cu tkrkA

dFkk opu eq>s eglwl gksrk gS eq>s bl eqo+$ke ij dqN dguk pkfg,A fgalk dh fujFkZdrk ds ckjs esa] rqjr&Qqjr e`R;q&n.M nsus dh vLohdk;Zrk ds ckjs esaA ysfdu eSa D;k lq>kÅ¡ fd os D;k djsa\ vnkyr esa tk;sa\ fnYyh esa tUrj&eUrj ij èkjuk nsa\ tqywl fudkysa\ Øfed vu'ku ij cSBsa\ fdl ikVhZ ds fy, os ernku djsa\ fdl yksdrkfU=kd laLFkk ls os xqt+kfj'k djsa\

dkWejsM jktw funksZ"k fgUnh cksyrs gSaA muesa et+kfd;k&ls&et+kfd;k fD+$Llksa dks fcydqy Hkkoghu psgjs ds lkFk lqukus dh fli+$r gSA os vV~Bkjg lky rd jk;iqj esa odhy ds rkSj ij dke djrs jgsA os vkSj mudh iRuh] ekyrh] nksuksa ikVhZ lnL; vkSj mlds 'kgjh laxBu dk vax FksA 2007 dks vUr esa jk;iqj ds laxBu dk ,d egRoiw.kZ lnL; fxj¶+rkj dj fy;k x;k] mls ;kruk nh x;h vkSj og eq[+kfcj cu x;kA mls iqfyl dh cUn xkM+h esa jk;iqj esa ?kqek;k x;k vkSj vius HkwriwoZ lgdfeZ;ksa dks fpfÌr djus ds fy, etcwj fd;k x;kA dkWejsM ekyrh buesa ls ,d FkhA 22 tuojh] 2008 dks mls nwljs dbZ yksxksa ds lkFk fxj¶+rkj dj fy;k x;kA mlds f[+kyki+$ eq[; vkjksi ;gh gS fd mlus lYok tqMqe ds vR;kpkjksa ds fofM;ks lcwr okyh lhfM;k¡ vusd laln lnL;ksa dks Mkd ls Hksth FkhaA mldk eqD+$nek fcjys gh lquokbZ ds fy, is'k gksrk gS] D;ksafd iqfyl tkurh gS fd mldk ekeyk det+ksj gSA ysfdu u;k ^NÙkhlx<+ fo'ks"k tu lqj{kk vfèkfu;e* iqfyl dks NwV nsrk gS fd og mls fcuk t+ekur dbZ lky rd fgjklr esa j[ksA ^^vc ljdkj us NÙkhlx<+ iqfyl dh dbZ cVkfy;usa cspkjs laln lnL;ksa dks viuh Mkd ls cpkus ds fy, rSukr dj nh gSa]** dkWejsM jktw dgrs gSaA os ugha idM+s x;s] D;ksafd os ml le; n.Mdkj.; esa py jgh ,d cSBd esa Hkkx ys jgs FksA mlh le; ls os ;gk¡ gaSA muds nks Ldwy tkus okys cPpksa ls] tks ?kj ij vdsys NwV x;s Fks] iqfyl us l?ku iwN&rkN dh FkhA vUrr% mudk ?kj cUn dj fn;k x;k vkSj cPpss ,d pkpk ds ;gk¡ jgus pys x;sA dkWejsM jktw dks muds ckjs esa igyh ckj [+kcj vHkh dqN g¶+rs igys gh feyhA og dkSu&lh pht+ gS tks mUgsa vius rh[ks gkL;&O;ax ij fVds jgus dh ;g {kerk] ;g rkD+$r nsrh gS\ dkSu&lh pht+ gS tks bu lcdks og lc dqN lgus ds ckn tks mUgksua s lgk gSp– kyw j[krh gS\ ikVhZ esa mudk Hkjkslk vkSj I;kjA eSa mlls ckj&ckj lcls xgjs] lclas futh rjhD+$ksa ls :&c&: gksrh gw¡A z

ge vc bdgjh ik¡r esa py jgs gSaA eSa vkSj ,d lkS] ^fujFkZd :i ls fgald]* [+kwu ds I;kls fonzksghA pyus ls igys eSaus f'kfoj ij ut+j Mkyh FkhA flok FkksM+h&lh jk[k ds] tgk¡ vkx tyk;h x;h Fkh] ogk¡ dksbZ fpÌ ugha Fkk fd yxHkx vkgr ns'k

lkS yksxksa us ;gk¡ Msjk Mkyk FkkA eq>s bl i+$kSt ij fo'okl ugha gksrkA tgk¡ rd miHkksx dk loky gS] ;g fdlh Hkh xk¡èkhoknh ls T+;knk xk¡èkhoknh gS vkSj fdlh Hkh _rq&ifjorZu&lqèkkjd ls de dkcZu iznw"k.k iSnk djus okyhA ysfdu fi+$ygky rks] rksM+&QksM+ ds izfr Hkh bldk joS;k xk¡èkhoknh gSA felky ds fy,] fdlh Hkh iqfyl okgu dks tykus ls igys mls iwjh rjg [kksy fy;k tkrk gS vkSj gj fgLls dk ^Hk{k.k* dj fy;k tkrk gSA pDds dks lhèkk djds jkbi+$y dh uyh cuk yh tkrh gS] jsDlhu dh xfn~n;k¡ phj dj xksfy;ksa dh FkSfy;k¡ cukus ds dke esa ys yh tkrh gSa] cSVjh ls lksyj lsy pktZ fd;s tkrs gSaA ¼gkbZ deku ls u;s funsZ'k gSa fd D+$Ct+k fd;s x;s okgu tyk;s tkus dh ctk; xkM+ fn;s tk;saA rkfd tc t+:jr gks] mUgsa iquthZfor fd;k tk ldsA½ eSa lksprh gw¡ D;k eSa ,d ukVd fy[kw–¡ xk¡èkh viuh cUnwd mBkvks\ ;k os eq>s Qk¡lh nsaxs\ ge ?kqIi v¡èksjs vkSj ,dne lUukVs esa py jgs gSaA fli+$Z eSa gh VkWpZ bLrseky dj jgh gw¡] uhps dks >qdk;s ftlls eq>s mldh jks'kuh ds pdÙks esa dkWejsM deyk dh f?klh gqbZ dkyh pIiyksa esa mldh ,fM+;k¡ ut+j vk jgh gSa] eq>s fn[kkrh gqbZ fd eq>s iSj Bhd&Bhd dgk¡a j[kus gSaA og eq>ls nl xquk T+;knk Hkkj mBk;s gq, gSm– ldk fiV~B]w jkbi+$y] flj ij jln dh ,d cM+h&lh cksjh] cM+s irhyksa esa ls ,d vkSj dUèkksa ls yVds lfCt+;ksa ls Hkjs gq, nks >ksysA mlds flj ij j[kh cksjh fcydqy lUrqfyr gS vkSj og <ykuksa vkSj fQlyu&Hkjs pV~Vkuh jkLrksa ij mls Nq, cx+Sj gh dwnrh&Qk¡nrh mrj ldrh gSA og ,d peRdkj gSA jkLrk dki+$h yEck lkfcr gksrk gSA eSa bfrgkl ds lcD+$ dh vkHkkjh gw¡] D;ksafd ckD+$h lc pht+ksa ds vykok mlus esjs iSjksa dks iwjk ,d fnu dk vkjke eqgS;k djk fn;kA ;g lcls [+kwclwjr vuqHko gS] jkr ds oD+r taxy esa pyuk vkSj eSa jkr&nj&jkr ;gh djus okyh gw¡A z

ge 1910 ds Hkwedky fonzksg dh lkSoha t;Urh eukus ds vk;kstu esa tk jgs gSaA blesa dks;k yksxksa us vaxzst+ksa ds f[+kyki+$ fonzksg dj fn;k FkkA Hkwedky dk] dkWejsM jktw dgrs gSa] eryc gS HkwpkyA os crkrs gSa] vk;kstu esa Hkkx ysus ds Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

fy, yksx dbZ&dbZ fnu iSny py dj vk;saxsA taxy yxkrkj py jgs yksxksa ls Hkjk gksxkA n.Mdkj.; ds lHkh e.Myksa esa lekjksg gks jgs gSaA gekjk lkSHkkX; gS fd vk;kstu ds lapkyd dkWejsM ysax gekjs lkFk py jgs gSaA xksaMh esa ^ysax* dk eryc vkokt+ gksrk gSA dkWejsM ysax vkUèkz izns'k ds jgus okys] yEcs] vèksM+ vkneh gSa] tkus&ekus yksdfiz; xk;d&dfo xnj ds lkFkh ftUgksaus 1972 esa ØkfUrdkjh lkaLÑfrd laxBu ^tu ukV~; eap* ¼ts-,u-,e-½ dh LFkkiuk dh

FkhA vkxs py dj ^tu ukV~; eap* vkSipkfjd :i ls ihiqYl okWj xzqi dk vax cu x;k vkSj vkUèkz izns'k esa nfl;ksa gt+kj dh la[;k esa Jksrkvksa dks bdV~Bk dj ldrk FkkA dkWejsM ysax 1977 esa 'kkfey gq, vkSj vius cy ij ,d izfl) xk;d cu x;sA os nqnkZUr neu ds nkSjku vkUèkz esa jgs] ^eqBHksM+* okyh gR;kvksa ds ;qx esa] ftlesa fe=k yxHkx gj jkst+ ekjs tk jgs FksA os [”kqn ,d jkr gLirky ds fcLrj ls ,d efgyk iqfyl vèkh{kd }kjk mBk fy;s x;s] ftlus MkWDVj dk Hksl cuk;k gqvk FkkA mUgas ^eqBHksM+* ds fy, okjaxy ds ckgj taxy eas ys tk;k x;kA ysfdu muds lkSHkkX; ls xnj dks [+kcj gks x;h vkSj os yksxksa dks [+kcjnkj djus esa lQy gks x;sA tc ihiqYl okWj xzqi us 1998 eas n.Mdkj.; eas ,d lkaLÑfrd laxBu 'kq: djus dk i+$Slyk fd;k rks dkWejsM ysax dks mldk eqf[k;k cuk dj Hkstk x;k vkSj vc os ;gk¡ esjs lkFk py jgs gSa] i+$kSth deht+ igus] exj mlds lkFk tkus fdl dkj.k ls ,d cSaxuh iktkek ftl ij xqykch [+kjxks'k cus gq, gSaA ^^psruk ukV~; eap esa vc 10]000 lnL; gSa]** mUgksaus eq>s crk;k FkkA ^^gekjs ikl 500 xhr gSa] fgUnh] xksaMh] NÙkhlx<+h vkSj gYch easA geus ,d fdrkc Nik;h gS] ftlesa gekjs 140 xhr gSaA gj dksbZ vkgr ns'k

xhr jprk gSA** tc igyh ckj eSaus muls ckr dh rks os cM+s xEHkhj tku iM+s Fks] cgqr ,dkxz&fpÙkA ysfdu dbZ fnu ckn] vyko ds fxnZ cSBs vkSj vc Hkh ogh iktkek igus gq,] os gedks eq[;èkkjk dh rsyqxw fi+$Yeksa ds ,d vR;Ur lQy funsZ'kd ds ckjs esa crkrs gSa] tks muds fe=k gSa vkSj tks viuh fi+$Yekas eas ges'kk uDlyoknh dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA ^^eSa mldks iwNk]** dkWejsM ysax us viuh et+snkj rsyqxw ygts okyh fgUnh esa dgk] ^^rqe dkbZdw lksprk

gS fd uDlykbV yksx ges'kk vblkbp gh gksrk gS\**–vkSj mUgksua s taxy ls ,ds&47 ds lkFk ckgj vkrs fiN;k;s&x;s fn[krs vkneh dh >qdh gqbZ] mpd&mpd dj pyus okyh eqnzk dh cM+h n{k uD+$y dh vkSj ge yksxksa dks isV idM+ dj g¡lus ij etcwj dj fn;kA eq>s iDds rkSj ij ;g vUnkt+k ugha gS fd eSa Hkwedky mRlo dks ns[kus ds fy, mRlqd gw¡ ;k ughaA eq>s Mj gS fd eSa ekvksoknh izpkj ls Hkjs ijEijkxr vkfnoklh u`R;] 'kCnkMEcj ls Hkjs mdlkus okys Hkk"k.k vkSj fuLrst vk¡[kksa okys n'kZd ns[kw¡xhA ge eSnku esa 'kke dks dki+$h nsj x;s igq¡prs gSaA yky diM+s ls fyiVs ck¡l ds epku dk ,d vLFkk;h Lekjd cuk;k x;k gSA f'k[kj ij ekvksoknh ikVhZ ds gafl;k&gFkkSM+k ds Åij pk¡nh dh iUuh eas fyiVk] vkfnoklh ;ks)k dk rhj&deku gSA Js.kh foHkktu mi;qDr gSA eap dki+$h fo'kky gSA ;g Hkh vLFkk;h] feV~Vh dh eksVh ijr ls yhis x;s et+cwr epku ijA vHkh ls eSnku eas NksVs&NksVs vyko ty jgs gSa] yksx vkus 'kq: gks x;s gSa vkSj 'kke dk Hkkstu cuk jgs gSaA v¡èksjs esa os fli+$Z Nk;k,¡ gSaA ge muds chp ls jkLrk cukrs fudyrs gSa ¼ykylyke] ykylyke] ykylyke½ vkSj Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

vdsys ekvksoknh8 7gh ugha gSa tks Hkkjrh; jktrU=k dk r[”rk iyVuk pkgrs gSaA mldk igys Hkh dbZ ckj r[”rk&iyV gks pqdk gSA fgUnw dV~Vjrkokn vkSj vkfFkZd vfèkuk;dokn }kjkA

iUnzg feuV rd pyrs jgrs gSa] tc rd fd ge nksckjk taxy esa nkf[+ky ugha gks tkrsA vius u;s Msjs ij geas fQj ls D+$rkj eas [kM+k gksuk iM+rk gSA ,d vkSj gkft+jhA vkSj fQj igjsnkjksa dh rSukrh ds ckjs esa funs'Z k vkSj ^xksyhckjh ds nk;js* ds ckjs esi–a fq yl dk geyk gksus ij dkSu fdl bykD+$s dh ns[k&js[k djsxk] blds ckjs eas i+$SlysA vkj&oh ds eqD+$ke fQj ls r; fd;s tkrs gSaA ,d vfxze ny vk x;k gS vkSj igys gh ls [kkuk cuk pqdk gSA [kkus ds ckn dh feBkbZ ds rkSj ij deyk eq>s ,d taxyh ve:n yk dj nsrh gS] tks mlus jkLrs eas rksM+ fy;k Fkk vkSj fxygjh dh rjg esjs fy, fNik;s j[kk FkkA fnu ds lekjksg ds fy, T+;knk&ls&T+;knk yksxksa ds bdV~Bs gksus dk ,glkl Hkksj ls gh gSA mÙkstuk dh ,d HkuHkukgV gS] tks èkhjs&èkhjs c<+rh tk jgh gSA ftu yksxksa us ,d&nwljs dks yEcs le; ls ugha ns[kk gS] fQj ls esy&eqykD+$kr dj jgs gSaA gesa ekbØksi+$ksuksa dh tk¡p fd;s tkus dh vkokt+ lquk;h nsrh gSA >.Ms] cSuj] iksLVj] >f.M;k¡ yxk;h tk jgh gSaA ftl fnu ge igq¡ps Fks] ml fnu vksaxkj esa ekjs x;s ik¡p yksxksa dh rLohjksa okyk ,d iksLVj ut+j vk jgk gSA eSa dkWejsM ueZnk] dkWejsM ekls vkSj dkWejsM :ih ds lkFk pk; ih jgh gw¡A dkWejsM ueZnk n.Mdkj.; eas ØkfUrdkjh vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu dh izeq[k cuus ls igys x<+fpjksyh esa dbZ o"kks± rd dke djus ds vuqHkoksa ds ckjs esa crkrh gaSA :ih vkSj ekls vkUèkz izns'k esa 'kgjh dk;ZdrkZ jgh gSa vkSj eq>s o"kks± rd fd;s x;s ml la?k"kZ ds ckjs eas crkrh gSa] tks efgyk dkWejsMksa us ikVhZ ds Hkhrj u fli+$Z vius vfèkdkjksa ds fy, fd;k] cfYd ikVhZ dks ;g ns[kus ij foo'k djus ds fy, Hkh fd fL=k;ksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds chp lekurk ,d U;k;iw.kZ lekt ds LoIu ds dsUnz eas gksuh pkfg,A ge 1970 ds n'kd vkSj uDlyoknh vkUnksyu ds Hkhrj dh efgykvksa dh dgkfu;ksa ds ckjs esa ckr djrs gSa] ftUgsa iq#"k dkWejsMksa ls eksgHkax gqvk Fkk] tks [”kqn dks egku ØkfUrdkjh le>rs Fks] ysfdu muds iSjksa eas mlh iqjkuh fir`lÙkkRedrk] mlh iqjkuh iq#"k&izèkkurk dh csfM+;k¡ tdM+h gqbZ FkhaA ekls dgrh gSa fd rcls gkykr dki+$h cny x;s gSa] gkyk¡fd vHkh dki+$h jkLrk r; djuk ckD+$h gSA ¼ikVhZ dh dsUnzh; lfefr vkSj ikWfyV C;wjks eas vHkh rd dksbZ vkSjr ugha gSA dsUnzh; lfefr esa vuqjkèkk xk¡èkh vkgr ns'k

Fkhaf– tudk fiNys lky efLr"d Toj ls fuèku gks x;k–vkSj ,d vkfnoklh dkWejsM 'khyk] tks vc tsy esa gSaA½ nksigj ds le; tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk dk ,d vkSj tRFkk vk igq¡prk gSA bldh vxqokbZ ,d yEcs] irys&Njgjs] fd'kksj&ljh[ks dkWejsM dj jgs gSaA dkWejsM ds nks uke gSl–a [q knso vkSj xqMlk mls.Mh–ftuesa ls ,d Hkh mudk ugha gSA lq[knso ,d cgqr gh I;kjs dkWejsM dk uke gS] tks 'kghn gks x;kA ¼bl ;q) eas fli+$Z fnoaxr yksxksa ds fy, gh viuk vlyh uke bLrseky djuk fujkin gS½A jgh ckr xqMlk mls.Mh dh] rks dbZ dkWejsM fdlh&u&fdlh ekSD+$s ij xqMlk mls.Mh jgs gSaA ¼dqN eghus igys dkWejsM jktw FksA½ xqMlk mls.Mh n.Mdkj.; esa ikVhZ izoDrk dk uke gksrk gSA fygkt+k gkyk¡fd lq[knso ckD+$h lkjs li+$j ds nkSjku esjs lkFk jgrs gSa] eq>s jÙkh Hkj vUnkt+k ugha gS fd eSa mudks fQj dHkh dSls [kkst ikÅ¡xhA vycÙkk] mudh g¡lh eSa dgha Hkh igpku yw¡xhA os dgrs gSa fd os n.Mdkj.; eas 1988 esa vk;s tc ihiqYl okWj xzqi us mÙkjh rsyaxkuk ls vius ,d frgkbZ cy dks n.Mdkj.; esa Hkstus dk i+$Slyk fd;kA mUgkasus vPNs diM+s igu j[ks gSa] ^Mªsl* dh ctk; ^flfoy* ¼^vke diM+ksa* ds fy, xksaMh 'kCn½ ^Mªsl* ¼ekvksoknh ônhZ* ds foijhr½ vkSj fdlh O;kolkf;d dEiuh ds ;qok vfèkdkjh le>s tk ldrs gSaA eSa muls onhZ u iguus dh otg iwNrh gw¡A os crkrs gSa fd os li+$j djrs jgs gSa vkSj vHkh&vHkh dk¡dsj ds ut+nhd ds'kdky ?kkV ls ykSVs gSAa [+kcj gS fd ogk¡ ckWDlkbV dk Hk.Mkj gSy – xHkx 30 yk[k Vu~f– tl ij osnkUr uked dEiuh dh vk¡[k gSA Vu~! esjs lgt Kku ds fy, nl eas ls nlA lq[knso crkrs gSa fd os yksxksa dk rkieku ij[kus ds fy, ogk¡ x;s FksA ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd D;k os yM+us dks rS;kj gSaA ^ôs vc tRFks pkgrs gSaA vkSj cUnwdsaA** os flj ihNs Qsad dj Bgkdk yxkrs gSaA ^êSaus muls dgk ;g bruk vklku ugha gS] HkkbZA** ckrphr ds Hkwys&HkVds VqdM+ksa ls vkSj ftl vkjke ls os viuh ,ds&47 fy;s gq, gSa] eSa crk ldrh gw¡ fd mudk Hkh ntkZ Å¡pk gS vkSj os tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk eas lfØ; gSaA taxy dh Mkd vkrh gSA esjs fy, Hkh ,d fcLdqV gSA dkWejsM os.kq dk Hkstk gqvkA dbZ rgsa yxk;s x;s dkx+t+ ds uUgs&ls VqdM+s ij mUgksaus ,d xhr Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

ds 'kCn fy[ks gSa] tks mUgksaus eq>s Hkstus dk oknk fd;k FkkA dkWejsM ueZnk mUgsa i<+ dj eqLdjkrh gSaA os bl fD+$Lls dks tkurh gaSA ;g 1980 ds n'kd dh ckr gS] ml oD+r dh] tc yksx igys&igy ikVhZ esa Hkjkslk djus yxs Fks vkSj viuh leL;k,¡ ys dj mlds ikl vkus yxs Fksd – kWejsM os.kq ds 'kCnksa es]a vius ^vkUrfjd vUrfoZjksèk* ys djA lcls igys vkus okyksa eas vkSjrsa FkhaA ,d 'kke vyko ds ikl cSBh ,d cw<+h vkSjr mBh vkSj mlus nknk yksx ds fy, ,d xhr xk;kA og ekfM;k vkfnoklh Fkh] ftuds chp fjokt Fkk fd vkSjrsa 'kknh ds ckn pksfy;k¡ mrkj nsa vkSj Nkfr;k¡ [kqyh j[ksaA

tEij iksyks buVksj nknk] nkdksfuys rkus rklkse buVksj nknk] nkdksfuys ckrk ikie fdÙkkse nknk] nkdksfuys nqfu;k dkfMys ekrk nknk] nkdksfuys pksyh u j[kks os dgrs nknk] nkdksfuys bldks mrkjks os dgrs nknk] nkdksfuys geus dkSu&lk iki fd;k nknk] nkdksfuys iwjh nqfu;k ugha D;k cnyh nknk] nkdksfuys vkrqe gkV~Vsds nknk] nkdksfuys vknk uaxk nkUrkse nknk] nkdksfuys bn filoky eUuh nknk] nkdksfuys ekok dks;kVqdwZ osgr nknk] nkdksfuys tc ge gkV esa tk;sa nknk] nkdksfuys vkèkk uaxk tkuk iM+s nknk] nkdksfuys ,slh ftufx;k Hkkos uk nknk] nkdksfuys iqj[kksa dks cksyks bZ ckr gekjh nknk] nkdksfuys vkSjrksa ls lEcfUèkr ;g igyk ekeyk Fkk] ftlds f[+kyki+$ ikVhZ us vfHk;ku pykus dk i+$Slyk fd;kA mls cM+h ut+kdr ds lkFk fuiVk;k tkuk Fkk] ckjhD+$ vkgr ns'k

vkStk+ jksa lsA 1986 eas ikVhZ us ^vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu* xfBr fd;k] tks ^ØkfUrdkjh vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu* esa fodflr gks x;k vkSj vc mlds 90]000 ckD+$k;nk lnL; gSaA gks ldrk gS ;g ns'k dk lcls cM+k efgyk laxBu gksA ¼yxs gkFk ;g crk nsa fd os lc ekvksoknh gS]a lkjh&dh&lkjh 90]000 efgyk lnL;A D;k mudk ^li+$k;k* dj fn;k tk;sxk\ vkSj ^psruk ukV~; eap* ds 10000 lnL;\ mudk HkhA½ ^ØkfUrdkjh vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu* tcju C;kg vkSj vigj.k dh vkfnoklh izFkkvksa ds f[+kyki+$ vfHk;ku pykrk gSA ekgokjh ds fnuksa esa vkSjrksa dks xk¡o ds ckgj dqfV;k esa jgus ij foo'k djus ds fjokt ds f[+kyki+$A cgqiRuhokn vkSj ?kjsyw fgalk ds f[+kyki+$A mlus lkjh yM+kb;k¡ vHkh ugha thrh gS]a ysfdu fdu ukjhokfn;ksa us thrh gSa vHkh\ felky ds fy,] vkt Hkh n.Mdkj.; esa vkSjrksa dks cht ugha cksus fn;k tkrkA ikVhZ cSBdksa esa yksx ekurs gSa fd ;g vU;k; gS vkSj bl fjokt dks cUn dj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ysfdu O;ogkj eas os vkSjrksa dks cht ugha cksus nsrAs blfy, ikVhZ us r; fd;k fd vkSjrsa lk>h t+ehuksa ij] tks turkuk ljdkjksa dh gS]a cht cks ldrh gSAa mu t+ehuksa ij os cht cksrh gS]a lfCt+;k¡ mxkrh gSa vkSj esM+sa ck¡èkrh gSaA iwjh ugha] vkèkh thr rks gSA tSls&tSls cLrj esa iqfyl mRihM+u c<+k gS] ^ØkfUrdkjh vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu* dh vkSjrsa ,d t+cnZLr rkD+$r cu dj mHkjh gSa vkSj iqfyl ls nks&nks gkFk djus ds fy, lSdM+ksa] dHkh&dHkh gt+kjksa dh rknkn eas lM+dksa ij fudy vkrh gSaA ^ØkfUrdkjh vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu* dh ekStwnxh us ijEijkxr joS;ksa eas Hkkjh ifjorZu fd;k gS vkSj efgykvksa ds f[+kyki+$ HksnHkko ds vusd ijEijkxr :iksa dks <hyk dj fn;k gSA cgqr&lh toku vkSjrksa ds fy, ikVhZ eas] fo'ks"kdj tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk esa 'kkfey gksuk [”kqn vius lekt dh ?kqVu ls cpus dk t+fj;k cu x;kA Øk-vk-e- laxBu dh ,d ofj"B inkfèkdkjh dkWejsM lq'khyk laxBu dh efgykvksa ds f[+kyki+$ lYok tqMqe ds Øksèk dk ft+Ø djrh gSaA os crkrh gSa fd lYok tqMqe dk ,d ukjk Fkk ^ge nks chch yk;saxsA yk;saxsA* Øk-vk-e- laxBu dh lnL;ksa dks [+kkl rkSj ij cykRdkj vkSj ;kSukaxksa ds lkFk ik'kfod dkV&dwV dk fu'kkuk cuk;k x;k FkkA bl ik'kfodrk dh lk{kh cgqr&lh toku vkSjrsa blds ckn tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk esa 'kkfey gqb± vkSj vc mlds lnL;ksa dk 45 i+$hlnh fgLlk gSaA dkWejsM ueZnk mueas ls dqN dks cqyok Hkstrh gSa vkSj os FkksM+h nsj esa gekjs chp vk cSBrh gSaA Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

Hkwedky fonzksg dk usr`Ro 1910 esa xqaMkèkqj us fd;k Hkwedky dk] dkWejsM jktw dgrs gSa] eryc gS HkwpkyA os crkrs gSa] vk;kstu esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, yksx dbZ&dbZ fnu iSny py dj vk;saxsA taxy yxkrkj py jgs yksxksa ls Hkjk gksxkA n.Mdkj.; ds lHkh e.Myksa esa lekjksg gks jgs gSaA

psruk ukV~; eap ds vfHkusrk ^^psruk ukV~; eap esa vc 10]000 lnL; gSa]** mUgksaus eq>s crk;k FkkA ^^gekjs ikl 500 xhr gSa] fgUnh] xksaMh] NÙkhlx<+h vkSj gYch easA geus ,d fdrkc Nik;h gS] ftlesa gekjs 140 xhr gSaA gj dksbZ xhr jprk gSA**

dkWejsM fjadh ds cky cgqr NksVs&NksVs dVs gSaA ^ckWc dV* tSlk os xksaMh esa dgrs gSaA og mlds fy, lkgl dh ckr gS] D;ksafd ;gk¡ ^ckWc dV* dk eryc gS ^ekvksoknh*A iqfyl ds fy, mls fcuk lquokbZ ekj nsus ds fy, bruk dki+$h gSA dkWejsM fjadh ds xk¡o dksjek ij 2005 esa uxk cVkfy;u vkSj lYok tqMqe us geyk fd;kA ml le; fjadh xk¡o ds v)Z&lSfud cy dk fgLlk FkhA ;gh gky mldh lgsfy;ksa yqDdh vkSj lqDdh dk Fkk] tks Øk-vk-e- laxBu dh Hkh lnL; FkhaA xk¡o dks tykus ds ckn uxk cVkfy;u us yqDdh] lqDdh vkSj ,d vkSj yM+dh dks idM+ fy;k] muds lkFk lkewfgd cykRdkj fd;k vkSj mUgas ekj MkykA ^^mUgksaus muds lkFk ?kkl ij cykRdkj fd;k Fkk]** fjadh dgrh gS] ^^ysfdu tc lc [+kRe gqvk rks ogk¡ ?kkl ugha cph FkhA** dbZ cjl chr x;s gS\a uxk cVkfy;u tk pqdh gS] ysfdu iqfyl vc Hkh vkrh gSA ^^os vkrs gSa tc Hkh mUgsa vkSjrksa dh t+:jr gksrh gS] ;k eqf”x+Z;ksa dhA** vthrk ds cky Hkh ckWc dV gSaA tqMqe ds yksx mlds xk¡o dksjlhy vk;s vkSj mUgksaus rhu yksxksa dks ,d ukys eas Mqck dj ekj MkykA vthrk v)ZlSfudksa eas 'kkfey Fkh vkSj mlus ,d i+$klys ls ikjkyukj rksMd uke ds xk¡o rd tqMqe dk ihNk fd;kA mlus mUgsa Ng vkSjrksa ds lkFk cykRdkj djrs vkSj ,d vkneh dks xys esa xksyh ekjrs ns[kkA dkWejsM y{eh] tks yEch pksVh okyh lqUnj yM+dh gS] eq>s crkrh gS fd mlus tqMqe dks vius xk¡o tkstksj esa rhl ?kjksa dks tykrs ns[kk FkkA ^^gekjs ikl rc dksbZ gfFk;kj ugha Fks]** og dgrh gS] ^^ge ns[kus ds flok vkSj dqN ugha dj ldrs FksA** mlds ckn tYnh gh og tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk eas HkrhZ gks x;hA y{eh mu 150 Nkikekjksa eas 'kkfey Fkh tks taxy eas lk<+s rhu eghus iSny pyrs gq, iqfyl ds 'kL=kkxkj ij èkkok cksyus ds fy, mM+hlk esa u;kx<+ igq¡ps FksA tgk¡ ls mUgksaus 1200 cUnwdsa vkSj 2]00]000 xksfy;k¡ gfFk;k;h FkhaA dkWejsM lqfe=kk lYok tqMqe }kjk ekj&dkV 'kq: djus ls igys 2004 esa tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk eas 'kkfey gqbZ FkhA og dgrh gS fd og blfy, 'kkfey gqbZ Fkh] D;ksafd og ?kj ls Hkkx tkuk pkgrh FkhA ^^vkSjrksa dks gj rjg ls D+$kcw esa j[kk tkrk gS]** mlus eq>s crk;k] ^^gekjs xk¡o eas yM+fd;ksa dks isM+ ij p<+us ugha fn;k tkrk Fkk] vxj os ,slk djrh Fkha rks mUgsa 500 #i;s dk tqekZuk ;k ,d eqx+hZ nsuh iM+rh FkhA vxj dksbZ vkneh fdlh vkSjr dks ekjrk gS vkSj og vkgr ns'k

iyV dj mls ekjrh gS rks mls xk¡o dks ,d cdjh nsuh iM+rh FkhA vkneh bdV~Bk gksdj eghuksa&eghuksa ds fy, igkM+ksa eas f'kdkj ds fy, pys tkrs gSaA vkSjrksa dks f'kdkj ds ut+nhd ugha tkus fn;k tkrk] ekal dk lcls vPNk fgLlk vknfe;ksa dks feyrk gSA vkSjrksa dks v.Ms [kkus dh btkt+r ugha nh tkrhA** Nkikekj lsuk esa 'kkfey gksus dh equkflc otg\ lqfe=kk viuh nks lgsfy;ksa rsye ikoZrh vkSj deyk dh dgkuh lqukrh gSa tks Øk-vk-e- laxBu ds lkFk dke djrh FkhaA rsye ikoZrh nf{k.kh cLrj esa iksysdk;k xk¡o dh jgus okyh FkhA ogk¡ ds lHkh nwljs yksxksa dh rjg mlus Hkh lYok tqMqe dks viuk xk¡o tykrs ns[kkA rc og tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk eas 'kkfey gksdj ds'kdky ?kkV eas dke djus pyh x;hA 2009 esa mlus vkSj deyk us ml bykD+$s esa 8 ekpZ dks efgyk fnol ds lekjksg dks vk;ksftr djus dk dke iwjk dj fy;k FkkA os okMxks uked xk¡o ds Bhd ckgj ,d NksVh&lh >ksaiM+h eas FkhaA iqfyl us jkr ds oD+r >ksaiM+h dks ?ksj fy;k vkSj xksfy;k¡ pykuh 'kq: dj nhaA deyk us tokc esa xksfy;k¡ pyk;ha exj og ekjh x;hA ikoZrh cp dj Hkkx fudyh] ysfdu mls [kkst fy;k x;k vkSj vxys fnu ekj fn;k x;kA ;g Fkk tks fiNys lky efgyk fnol dks gqvk Fkk vkSj bl lky ds efgyk fnol ds ckjs esa ,d jk"Vªh; lekpkj&i=k eas Nih fjiksVZ dgrh gS %

efgyk&vfèkdkjkas ds i{k esa cLrj ds fonzksgh lgj [+kku] esy VqMs] jk;iqj] ekpZ 2010 ^^ljdkj us gks ldrk gS ns'k esa ekvksoknh Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

rksM+&QksM+ ds izfr Hkh bldk joS;k xk¡èkhoknh gSA felky ds fy,] fdlh Hkh iqfyl okgu dks tykus ls igys mls iwjh rjg [kksy fy;k tkrk gS vkSj gj fgLls dk ^Hk{k.k* dj fy;k tkrk gSA pDds dks lhèkk djds jkbi+$y dh uyh cuk yh tkrh gS] jsDlhu dh xfn~n;k¡ phj dj xksfy;ksa dh FkSfy;k¡ cukus ds dke esa ys yh tkrh gSaA

cyk dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, dksbZ dlj u mBk j[kus dk ladYi fd;k gks] exj NÙkhlx<+ eas fonzksfg;ksa ds ,d fgLls ds gkFk eas thfor cps jgus ls T+;knk t+:jh ekeys gSaA vUrjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol ds ut+nhd vkrs gh jkT; ds cLrj {ks=k ds ekvksokfn;ksa us efgyk&vfèkdkjksa dh odkyr djus ds fy, lIrkg Hkj ds ^lekjksg* dk vk;kstu fd;k gSA cLrj ft+ys ds ,d fgLls] chtkiqj eas iksLVj Hkh yxk;s x;sA efgyk&vfèkdkjksa ds Lo?kksf"kr iSjksdkjksa ds bl vkg~oku us jkT; dh iqfyl ds HkkSapDdk NksM+ fn;k gSA cLrj ds iqfyl egkfujh{kd Vh- ts- ykSaxdqesj us dgk] êSaus dHkh uDlyokfn;ksa dh vksj ls ,slh vihy ugha ns[kh gS tks fli+$Z fgalk vkSj [+kwu&[+kjkcs eas fo'okl djrs gSa*A** vkSj fjiksVZ esa vkxs dgk x;k gS ^^êsjk [+k;ky gS fd ekvksoknh gekjs vR;Ur lQy tu tkxj.k vfHk;ku dk eqD+$kcyk djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSaA geus bl le; tkjh bl vfHk;ku dks vkWijs'ku xzhug.V ds fy, tu leFkZu tqVkus ds mn~ns'; ls 'kq: fd;k Fkk] tks iqfyl us okeiUFkh vfrokfn;ksa dks m[kkM+ Qsadus ds fy, pkyw fd;k Fkk]* iqfyl egkfujh{kd us dgkA** fo}s"k vkSj vKku dh ;g f[kpM+h vlkekU; ugha gSA ikVhZ ds orZeku ds bfrgkldkj] xqMlk mls.Mh blds ckjs esa vfèkdka'k yksxksa ls T+;knk tkurs gSaA mudk NksVk&lk dEI;wVj vkSj ,eih&3 fjdkWMZj izsl oDrO;ksa] [k.Muksa] la'kksèkuksa] Hkwy lqèkkjksa] ikVhZ lkfgR;] e`rd lwfp;ksa] Vhoh vkSj lquus vkSj ns[kus okyh lkexzh ls Hkjk gqvk gSA ^^xqMlk mls.Mh dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus dh lcls [+kjkc ckr gS]** os dgrs gSa] ^^,sls Li"Vhdj.k tkjh djuk tks dHkh izdkf'kr ugha fd;s tkrsA gekjs ckjs esa tks >wB os izpkfjr djrs gSa mlds vizdkf'kr Li"Vhdj.kksa dh ge ,d iqLrd izdkf'kr dj ldrs gSaA** os jÙkh Hkj vkØks'k vkSj [kh> ds fcuk dgrs gSa] cfYd dgk tk;s et+k ysrs gq,] fnypLi ygts esaA ^ôg dkSu&lk lcls gkL;kLin vkjksi gS] ftldk [k.Mu vkidks djuk iM+k gS\** vkgr ns'k

os eu&gh&eu vrhr ds ckjs eas lksprs gSaA ^^2007 esa gesa ,d c;ku tkjh djuk iM+k] ^ugha HkkbZ] geus xk; dks gFkkSM+s ls ugha ekjkA* 2007 esa je.k flag dh ljdkj us ,d xk; ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk dh] ,d pqukoh oknk] gj vkfnoklh ds fy, ,d xk;A ,d fnu Vhoh pSuyksa vkSj v[+kckjksl–a Hkh us fjiksVZ fd;k fd uDlyokfn;ksa us xk;ksa ds ,d >q.M ij geyk fd;k vkSj gFkkSM+ksa ls mUgsa ekj fn;k] D;ksafd os fgUnw&fojksèkh] Hkktik&fojksèkh FksA vki dYiuk dj ldrh gSa fd D;k gqvk gksxkA geus ,d [k.Mu tkjh fd;kA 'kk;n gh fdlh us mls NkikA ckn esa irk pyk fd vkfnokfl;ksa eas ck¡Vus ds fy, ftl vkneh dks xk;sa nh x;h Fkha og cnek'k Fkk] mlus mUgas csp fn;k Fkk vkSj dg fn;k Fkk fd geus ml ij ?kkr yxk dj geyk fd;k Fkk vkSj xk;ksa dks ekj fn;k FkkA** vkSj lcls xEHkhj vkjksi\ ^^vjs] ntZuksa gSaA vkf[+kjdkj os ,d vfHk;ku pyk jgs gSaA tc vEcsyh esa igys&igy lYok tqMqe dh ?kks"k.kk gqbZ rks mUgksaus lcls igys gekjs xk¡o Lrj ds dk;ZdrkZvksa ij geyk fd;k ftUgsa mUgksaus cSBd esa cqyk;k Fkk] mudh fiVkbZ dh vkSj mUgsa iqfyl ds gkFk lkSai fn;kA fQj os lc&ds&lc fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkjh] uxk cVkfy;u] iqfylokys rkyesMa hª dh rji+$ c<+As ogk¡ gekjs LFkkuh; xzkeh.k tRFks ds dkWejsMksa us gok esa xksfy;k¡ pyk;ha vkSj mUgsa Hkxk fn;kA fdlh dks pksV ugha vk;h ysfdu ^iz$+ .Vykbu* dh ,suh t+nS h us fy[kk–^rkyesMa hª dh ,d cSBd esa] tgk¡ 10]000 ls T+;knk yksx ekStwn Fks] uDlyokfn;ksa us xksfy;k¡ pyk;ha vkSj lSdM+ksa yksxksa dks ekj MkykA*7 mlh fnu tqMqe dksVªkiky x;kA vkius dksVªkiky ds ckjs eas t+:j lquk gksxk\ cM+k e'kgwj xk¡o gS] mls leiZ.k djus ls budkj djus ds fy, 22 ckj tyk;k x;k gSA tc tqMqe ds yksx dksVªkiky igqps gekjs tulSfud mudh rkd esa FksA mUgksaus ?kkr yxk dj geys dh rS;kjh dj j[kh FkhA lYok tqMqe ds nks xq.Ms ekjs x;sA tulSfudksa us 12 dks idM+ fy;k] ckD+$h Hkkx [kM+s gq,A ysfdu v[+kckjksa us [+kcjsa Nkiha fd uDlyokfn;ksa us ntZuksa x+jhc vkfnokfl;ksa dk D+$Rys&vke fd;k FkkA dqN us dgk geus lSdM+ksa ekj fn;s FksA ;gk¡ rd fd ekuokfèkdkj dk;ZdrkZ ckyxksiky us Hkh] tks vke rkSj ij rF;ksa ds ckjs esa bruk lrdZ jgrk gS] ekuokfèkdkj i+$ksje dh ,d cSBd esa 18 dh la[;k nhA geus ,d Li"Vhdj.k HkstkA fdlh Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

us ugha NkikA ckn esa viuh fdrkc esa ckyxksiky us viuh Hkwy Lohdkj dh---ysfdu fdlus è;ku fn;k\**8 eSaus iwNk fd tks 12 yksx idM+s x;s Fks mudk D;k gqvkA ^^{ks=kh; lfefr us ,d tu vnkyr cqyk;hA pkj gt+kj yksx mleas mifLFkr gq,A mUgksaus iwjh dgkuh lquhA nks fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa dks e`R;q&n.M dh lt+k lquk;h x;hA ik¡p dks psrkouh ns dj NksM+ fn;k x;kA yksxksa us i+$lS yk fd;kA eq[k+ fcjksa ds lkFk–tks vktdy ,d cM+h leL;k curs tk jgs gSy –a ksx ekeys dks lqurs gS]a c;kuksa dks] D+$cwyukeksa dks] vkSj dgrs gS]a ^bldk fjLd ge ugha ys ldrs gSa]* ;k ^bldk fjLd ge ysaxsA* v[+kckj ges'kk mu eq[+kfcjksa ds ckjs esa [+kcjsa Nkirs gSa tks ekjs tkrs gSaA mu cgqr ls eq[+kfcjksa ds ckjs eas ugha] ftUgsa NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA mu yksxksa ds ckjs esa Hkh ugha ftUgas bu eq[+kfcjksa us ejok;k gSA blfy, lc ;gh lksprs gSa fd ;g dksbZ [+kwu dh I;klh izfØ;k gS ftleas gj dksbZ ges'kk ekjk gh tkrk gSA bldk lEcUèk cnys ls ugha gS] ft+Unk cps jgus vkSj Hkfo"; esa ft+Unfx;ksa dks cpkus ls gS---fu'p; gh leL;k,¡ gSa] geus Hk;kud x+yfr;k¡ dh gSa] ;gk¡ rd fd ?kkr yxk dj fd;s x;s geyksa eas x+yr yksxksa dks ekjk gS] lksprs gq, fd os iqfylokys gSa] ysfdu ;g oSls ugha gS] tSls ehfM;k eas fpf=kr fd;k tkrk gSA* ;s [+kkSi$+ ukd ^tu vnkyrs*a b– Ugsa ge dSls Lohdkj dj ldrs gS\a ;k ,sls :[ks] mtM~M U;k; dks lgh Bgjk ldrs gSa\ nwljh vksj rqjr&Qqjr U;k; ds lcls cqjs :i] ^eqBHksMk+ *as dk D;k gksxk–>Bw h gksa ;k ughat – ks Hkkjr ljdkj ds iqfyl okyksa vkSj lSfudksa dks cgknqjh ds ind] uD+$n iqjLdkj vkSj le; ls igys rjD+D+$h eqgS;k djkrh gSa\ ftrus T+;knk os ekjrs gSa] mrus T+;knk os iqjLd`r gksrs gSaA os ^fnysj* dgykrs gSa] ;s ^eqBHksM+ fo'ks"kK*A gesa ^jk"Vª&fojksèkh* dgk tkrk gS] geesa ls mu yksxksa dks tks mUgsa dV?kjs esa [kM+k djus dh fgEer djrs gSaA vkSj ml lqizhe dksVZ dk D;k gksxk] ftlus csg;kbZ ls Lohdkj fd;k fd mlds ikl eksgEen vi+$t+y ¼fnlEcj 2001 ds laln geys ds vkjksih½ dks ekSr dh lt+k lqukus ds fy, i;kZIr lcwr ugha gSaA ysfdu gj gky eas ,slk dj fn;k] D;ksafd ^lekt dk lkewfgd vUr%dj.k rHkh lUrq"V gksxk vxj vfHk;qDr dks e`R;q&n.M fn;k tk;sA*9 vkgr ns'k

de&ls&de dksVªkiky tu vnkyr esa lewg viuk i+$Slyk [”kqn djus ds fy, l'kjhj mifLFkr FkkA ;g i+$Slyk mu ttksa us ugha fd;k Fkk] vke ft+Unxh ls ftruk rkYyqD+$ cgqr igys gh dV pqdk Fkk vkSj ftudk [+k;ky Fkk fd os lewg dh vksj ls cksy jgs Fks] gkyk¡fd u rks og lewg ogk¡ mifLFkr Fkk vkSj u mlls jk;&e'kfojk djus dh t+:jr mu ttksa us dHkh le>h FkhA eSa vVdy fHkM+krh gw¡ fd dksVªkiky ds yksxksa dks D;k djuk pkfg, Fkk\ iqfyl dks cqykuk\ z

<ksy&uxkM+ksa dh vkokt+ lpeqp cgqr rst+ gks x;h gSA Hkwedky dk le; gSA Hkwpky dkA ge py dj eSnku dh rji+$ tkrs gSaA eq>s viuh vk¡[kksa ij eqf'dy ls ;D+$hu gksrk gSA ogk¡ yksxksa dk ,d leqnz ygjk jgk gS] lcls vthcks&x+jhc] vuks[ks] lqUnj rjhD+$ksa ls lfTtrA yxrk gS vkSjrksa dh rqyuk esa vknfe;ksa us vius lkt&flaxkj ij T+;knk è;ku fn;k gSA mUgksaus flj ds igjkos eas ia[k yxk;s gq, gSa vkSj psgjksa ij xksnus xksnk, gq, gSaA cgqrksa us vk¡[ksa ltk;h gqbZ gSa vkSj psgjksa ij li+$sn [kfM+;k iksrh gqbZ gSA <sj lkjs tulSfud gSa] jax&fcjaxh lkfM+;k¡ igus yM+fd;k¡ ftUgksaus csijokgh ls dUèkksa ij jkbi+$ysa Vk¡x j[kh gSaA cw<+s gSa vkSj cPps Hkh vkSj vkleku esa ygjkrh >f.M;k¡A èkwi rh[kh gS vkSj lwjt Å¡pkbZ ijA dkWejsM ysax cksyrs gSaA vkSj turkuk ljdkjksa ds fofHkUu inkfèkdkjhA dkWejsM uhfr] ,d vlkèkkj.k efgyk tks 1997 ls ikVhZ ds lkFk gSa] ns'k ds fy, bruk cM+k [+krjk le>h tkrh gSa fd 2007 esa 700 ls vfèkd iqfylokyksa us bUuj xk¡o dks ?ksj fy;k Fkk] D;ksafd mUgkasus lquk Fkk fd os ogk¡ FkhaA dkWejsM uhfr dks bruk [+krjukd ekuk tkrk gS vkSj mudh [kkst brus rkcM+&rksM+ <ax ls gks jgh gS] blfy, ugha fd mUgksaus ?kkr yxk dj fd;s x;s cgqr&ls geyksa dh vxqokbZ dh gS ¼tks fd mUgksaus dh gS½ ysfdu blfy,] D;ksafd os ,d vkfnoklh vkSjr gaS] ftUgsa xk¡o ds yksx I;kj djrs gSa vkSj tks ;qok yksxksa ds fy, lpeqp ,d izsj.kk gSaA os viuh ,ds&47 dks dUèks ls yVdk;s cksyrh gaSA ¼bl cUnwd ds ihNs ,d dgkuh gSA yxHkx gjsd dh cUnwd dh ,d dgkuh gSA fdlls og Nhuh x;h] dSls vkSj fdlds }kjk\½ ^psruk ukV~; eap* dh ,d e.Myh Hkwedky fonzksg ds ckjs esa ,d ukVd Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

Hkwedky mRlo esa 'kL=k/kkjh bl 'kkUr ut+j vkrs ou esa thou iwjh rjg i+$kSth gks x;k yxrk gS vcA yksx vc dkWMZu vkSj lpZ] i+$kbfjax] ,sMokUl] fjVªhV] Mkmu] ,sD'ku tSls 'kCn tkurs gSaA viuh i+$lysa dkVus ds fy, mUgsa tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk dh x'r dh t+:jr gksrh gSA gkV tkuk Hkh ,d lSfud vfHk;ku gSA

Hkwedky mRlo % vkjEHk eq>s iDds rkSj ij ;g vUnkt+k ugha gS fd eSa Hkwedky mRlo dks ns[kus ds fy, mRlqd gwยก ;k ughaA eq>s Mj gS fd eSa ekvksoknh izpkj ls Hkjs ijEijkxr vkfnoklh u`R;] 'kCnkMEcj ls Hkjs mdlkus okys Hkk"k.k vkSj fuLrst vkยก[kksa okys n'kZd ns[kwยกxhA

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[ksyrh gSA nq"V xksjs mifuos'kokfn;ksa us lqugjs Qwl ls cus cky yxk;s gq, gSa vkSj gSV igu j[ks gSa vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa dks Mjkrs&èkedkrs vkSj ihV&ihV dj eqx+kZ cuk nsrs gSt –a ks n'kZdksa dks cgqr eqfnr djrk gSA nf{k.k xaxkykSj dh ,d vkSj e.Myh ,d ukVd [ksyrh gS– furhj tqMqe ihrks ¼[+kwuh f'kdkj dh dFkk½ twjh esjs fy, vuqokn djrh gSA dgkuh nks cw<+s yksxksa ds ckjs esa gS] tks viuh csVh ds xk¡o dh ryk'k esa tkrs gSaA taxy ls gksdj tkrs le; os jkLrk HkVd tkrs gSa] D;ksafd gj pht+ tyk nh x;h gS vkSj igpkuh ugha tkrhA lYok tqMqe us <ksy&uxkM+s vkSj laxhr ds ok| Hkh tyk fn;s gSaA jk[k Hkh ugha gS] D;ksafd ckfj'k gksrh jgh gSA os viuh csVh dks ugha [kkst ikrsA O;fFkr gksdj cw<+s nEifr xkuk 'kq: djrs gSa vkSj mUgsa lqu dj vo'ks"kksa ls mudh csVh iyV dj mUgsa lqukrh gqbZ xkrh gSg– ekjs xk¡o dh vkokt+ [+kkeks'k dj nh x;h gS] og xkrh gSA vc pkoy dwVus dh èked ugha gS] dq,¡ ds ikl dk g¡luk&g¡lkuk cUn gSA u fpfM+;k¡ gSa] u fefe;krh cdfj;k¡A gekjs lq[k dk ruk gqvk rkj rksM+ fn;k x;k gSA mldk cki xkdj mlls dgrk gS esjh lqUnj csVh] vkt er jksA tks iSnk gqvk gS] mls ejuk gh gSA gekjs fxnZ [kM+s ;s isM+ fxj tk;saxs] Qwy f[kysaxs vkSj dqEgyk tk;saxs] ,d fnu ;g nqfu;k cw<+h gks tk;sxhA ysfdu ge fdlds fy, ej jgs gSa\ geas ywVus okyksa dks ,d fnu lcD+$ feysxk] ,d fnu lR; dh thr gksxh] ysfdu gekjs yksx rqEgsa dHkh ugha Hkwysaxs] gt+kj cjlksa rd ugha Hkwyxas As dqN vkSj Hkk"k.k gksrs gSaA fQj <ksy ct mBrs gSa vkSj u`R; 'kq: gksrk gSA gj turkuk ljdkj dh viuh e.Myh gSA gj e.Myh us viuk ukp rS;kj fd;k gSA os ,d&,d djds vkrs gSa] Hkhedk; <ksy&uxkM+ksa ds lkFk vkSj ukp dj vthcks&x+jhc dFkk,¡ izLrqr djrs gSaA gj e.Myh eas ,d&lk [kyuk;d gS nq"V [knku okyk–gYs esV vkSj dkys p'es ds lkFk vkSj veweu flxjsV ihrk gqvkA ysfdu muds ukpus esa dqN Hkh dM+kiu ;k Ñf=kerk ;k e'khuh ugha gSA muds ukpus ds lkFk&lkFk èkwy mBrh gSA uxkM+ksa dh vkokt+ dku QkM+us okyh cu tkrh gSA èkhjs&èkhjs HkhM+ >weus yxrh gSA vkSj fQj og ukpus yxrh gSA os Ng ;k lkr tuksa dh NksVh&NksVh D+$rkjksa eas ukprs gSa] vkneh vkSj vkSjrsa vyx&vyx] viuh ck¡gsa ,d&nwljs dh dej esa MkysA gt+kjksa yksxA blh fy, vkgr ns'k

os vk;s Hkh gSaA blh fy,A ;gk¡ n.Mdkj.; ds taxy esa [”kq'kh dks cgqr xEHkhjrk ls fy;k tkrk gSA yksx ehyksa pysxa y–s xkrkj dbZ&dbZ fnu rd–[kkus&ihus vkSj ukpus ds fy,] viuh ixfM+;kas eas ia[k vkSj ckyksa esa Qwy ltkus ds fy,] ,d&nwljs ds fxnZ ck¡gsa Mkyus vkSj egqvk ihus vkSj jkr&jkr Hkj ukpus ds fy,A dksbZ Hkh vdsys ugha xkrk ;k ukprk vkSj fdlh Hkh ckr ls T+;knk ;gh pht+ gS] tks ml lH;rk ds izfr mudh pqukSrh dk ladsr gS] ftlus mUgas usLr&ukcwn djus dh Bku j[kh gSA eq>s fo'okl ugha gksrk fd ;g lc Bhd iqfyl dh ukd ds uhps gks jgk gSA vkWijs'ku xzhug.V ds chpksa&chpA 'kq:&'kq: esa tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk ds dkWejsM viuh cUnwdksa ds lkFk vyx&vyx [kM+s ukpus okyksa dks ns[krs jgrs gSaA ysfdu fQj] ,d&,d djds] mu cÙk[kksa dh rjg tks fdukjs ij [kM+s&[kM+s nwljh cÙk[kksa dks rSjrs gq, ns[krs jguk cjnk'r ugha dj ikrha] os Hkh 'kkfey gks tkrs gSa vkSj ukpus yxrs gSaA tYnh gh gjh i+$kSth onhZ okys urZdksa dh iafDr;k¡ ckD+$h lc jaxksa ds lkFk pdQsfj;k¡ ysus yxrh gSaA vkSj fQj tSls&tSls HkkbZ vkSj cgusa vkSj ekrk&firk vkSj cPps vkSj fe=k] tks ,d&nwljs ls eghuksa ls dHkh&dHkh cjlksa ls ugha feys] :&c&: gksrs gSa] ik¡rsa VwVrh gSa vkSj fQj curh gSa vkSj lkfM+;ksa vkSj Qwyksa vkSj <ksyksa vkSj ixfM+;ksa ds chp i+$kSth ofnZ;k¡ fNrjk tkrh gSaA lpeqp ;g turk dh lsuk gSA de&ls&de vHkh ds fy,A vkSj og D;k dgk Fkk ps;jeSu ekvks usN– kikekj eNfy;k¡ gSa vkSj turk og ikuh gS] ftlesa os rSjrh gSAa bl le; ;g 'kCn'k% lgh gSA ps;jeSu ekvksA os Hkh ;gk¡ gSaA FkksM+k&lk vdsys] exj ekStwnA mudk ,d i+$ksVks gS] Åij yky diM+s ds insZ ijA ekDlZ HkhA vkSj pk# etwenkj uDlyoknh vkUnksyu ds laLFkkid vkSj izeq[k fl)kUrdkjA mudh [kqjnjh okfXerk fgalk] [+kwu&[+kjkcs vkSj 'kgknr ds izfr vUèk&J)k ls vksr&izksr Fkh vkSj vDlj ,slh LFkwy Hkk"kk dk bLrseky djrh Fkh] tks yxHkx tulagkjd dgh tk ldrh gSA ;gk¡] Hkwedky fnol ij [kM+s&[kM+s eSa [”kqn dks ;g lkspus ls ugha jksd ikrh fd mudk fo'ys"k.k–tc mUgksua s dgk fd ^fli+$Z oxZ&la?k"kZl– i+$k;k vfHk;ku–NMs u+ s ls gh og u;k vkneh iSnk gksxk] tks ekSr dks pqukSrh nsxk vkSj gj LokFkhZ fopkj ls eqDr gksxk*10t – ks bl ØkfUr ds fy, bruk izk.knk;h gS] Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

103

'kghn Le`fr fdruh vklkuh ls turk dh lsuk turk ds f[”kyki+$ ekspkZ ck¡èk ldrh gSA vkt n.Mdkj.; eas ikVhZ ckWDlkbV dks igkM+ ds Hkhrj gh j[kus dh fgek;rh gSA dy D;k ;g viuk bjknk rks ugha cny ysxh\ ysfdu D;k ge Hkfo"; dks ysdj mBus okyh viuh vk'kadkvksa dks orZeku ds ckjs eas dqN u djus dk cgkuk cuk ldrs gSa ;k gesa cukuk pkfg,\

Hkwedky vkjEHk gksrk gS [”kq'kh dks cgqr xEHkhjrk ls fy;k tkrk gSA yksx ehyksa pysaxs–yxkrkj dbZ&dbZ fnu rd–[kkus&ihus vkSj ukpus ds fy,] viuh ixfM+;kas eas ia[k vkSj ckyksa esa Qwy ltkus ds fy,] ,d&nwljs ds fxnZ ck¡gsa Mkyus vkSj egqvk ihus vkSj jkr&jkr Hkj ukpus ds fy,A dksbZ Hkh vdsys ugha xkrk ;k ukprk vkSj fdlh Hkh ckr ls T+;knk ;gh pht+ gS] tks ml lH;rk ds izfr mudh pqukSrh dk ladsr gS] ftlus mUgas usLr&ukcwn djus dh Bku j[kh gSA

106

bldh Hkkouk vkSj cqukoV ls fdruk nwj gSA rc D;k os dYiuk dj ldrs Fks fd ukprs gq, jkr dks lcsjk djrk gqvk] ;g izkphu leqnk;] og leqnk; gksxk] ftlds dUèkksa ij muds lius vk fVdsaxs\ ;gk¡ tks dqN gks jgk gS mlds izfr ;g ?kksj vU;k; gS fd ;gk¡ ls ckgjh nqfu;k rd tks pht+ igq¡p ik jgh gS og vius leL;kxzLr vrhr ls fodflr gksus okyh ikVhZ ds fopkjdksa dh dBksj] dM+h] u >qdus okyh oDr`rk gSA tc pk# etwenkj us viuk yksdizfl) c;ku fn;k Fkk fd ^phu dk vè;{k gekjk vè;{k gS vkSj phu dk jkLrk gekjk jkLrk gS* rks os mls ml gn rd ys tkus dks rS;kj Fks] tgk¡ uDlyoknh [+kkeks'k jgs] tc tujy ;kfg;k [+kk¡ us iwohZ ikfdLrku ¼ckaXykns'k½ esa ujlagkj fd;k] D;ksafd ml le; phu ikfdLrku dk lg;ksxh FkkA yky [esj dh vfr;ksa vkSj dEcksfM;k esa mlds [+kwu&[+kjkcs ij Hkh pqIih jghA phuh vkSj :lh ØkfUr;ksa dh foy{k.k vkSj Hk;adj vfr;ksa ds ckjs eas Hkh ekSu jgkA frCcr ij [+kkeks'kh jghA uDlyoknh vkUnksyu ds vUnj Hkh fgalk&Hkjh T+;knfr;k¡ gqbZ gSa vkSj tks dqN mUgkasus fd;k gS] mlesa ls cgqr dqN dks mfpr Bgjkuk vlEHko gSA ysfdu tks mUgksaus fd;k mlds fdlh Hkh fgLls dh rqyuk iatkc] d'ehj] fnYyh] eqEcbZ vkSj xqtjkr esa dkaxzsl vkSj Hkktik dh xfyr djrwrksa ls ugha gks ldrhA frl ij Hkh] bu Hk;adj vUrfoZjksèkkas ds ckotwn] pk# etwenkj us tks fy[kk vkSj dgk mlds vfèkdka'k esa os Hkkjr ds lUnHkZ esa ,d LoIun'khZ Fks vkSj mUgsa vklkuh ls [+kkfjt ugha fd;k tk ldrkA tks ikVhZ mUgksaus LFkkfir dh] mlus ¼vkSj mlds vusd VwVs&fc[kjs xqVksa us½ Hkkjr eas ØkfUr ds LoIu dks okLrfod vkSj fo|eku j[kk gSA bl LoIu ls jfgr lekt dh dYiuk dhft,A egt+ blh fcuk ij ge cgqr dBksjrk ls mudk ewY;kadu ugha dj ldrsA ml le; rks [+kkl rkSj ij ugha tc ge ^vfgalk ds ekxZ* dh Js"Brk vkSj VªLVhf'ki dh viuh èkkj.kk ds ckjs esa xk¡èkh ds Hkkoqdrk&Hkjs Ny dks vius bnZ&fxnZ yisV ysrs gS^–a vehj vkneh dh lEifÙk mlds vfèkdkj esa jgsxh ftleas ls mls viuh O;fDrxr t+:jrksa ds fy, ftruk pkfg, mruk og bLrseky djsxk vkSj ckD+$h fgLls dks lekt ds fgr eas bLrseky djus ds mn~ns'; ls U;klh dh Hkwfedk fuHkk;sxkA* gkyk¡fd fdruk vthc gS fd Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk us ml jkT; O;oLFkk] ftlus uDlyokfn;ksa dk bruk fueZe neu fd;k] mlds ekStwnk lezkV vc vkgr ns'k

ogh dg jgs gSa] tks pk# etwenkj us bruk igys dgk Fkk % phu dk jkLrk gekjk jkLrk gSA flj ds cyA vUnj dk ckgjA phu dk jkLrk cny x;k gSA phu vc ,d lkezkT;oknh rkD+$r cu x;k gS] nwljs ns'kksa dk] nwljs yksxksa ds lalkèkuksa dk] f'kdkj djrk gqvkA ysfdu ikVhZ vc Hkh lgh gS] i+$D+$Z bruk gS fd ikVhZ us viuh lksp cny nh gSA tc ikVhZ izkFkhZ dh Hkwfedk esa gksrh gS ¼tSlh fd og n.Mdkj.; eas bl le; gS½] yksxksa dks fj>krh gqbZ] mudh gj t+:jr dk [+k;ky j[krh gqbZ] rc og lpeqp turk dh ikVhZ gS] mldh lsuk lpeqp turk dh lsuk gSA ysfdu ØkfUr ds ckn fdruh tYnh ;g izse&lEcUèk ,d dM+okgV&Hkjh 'kknh eas ifjofrZr gks ldrk gSA fdruh vklkuh ls turk dh lsuk turk ds f[+kyki+$ ekspkZ [kksy ldrh gSA vkt n.Mdkj.; eas ikVhZ ckWDlkbV dks igkM+ ds Hkhrj gh j[kus dh fgek;rh gSA dy D;k ;g viuk bjknk rks ugha cny ysxh\ ysfdu D;k ge Hkfo"; dks ysdj mBus okyh viuh vk'kadkvksa dks orZeku ds ckjs eas dqN u djus dk cgkuk cuk ldrs gSa ;k gesa cukuk pkfg,\ ukpuk jkr Hkj pyrk jgsxkA eSa okil f'kfoj dh rji+$ py iM+rh gw¡A ekls ogk¡ gS] vHkh txh gqbZA ge nsj jkr rd cfr;krs jgrs gSaA eSa mls us:nk dh dfork&iqLrd–dIS Vu ola] ^dIrku ds NUn* nsrh gw¡ ¼eSa mls vius lkFk ys vk;h Fkh fd 'kk;n fdlh dke vk;s½A og ckj&ckj iwNrh gS] ^ôs gekjs ckjs esa ckgj D;k lksprs gSa\ fo|kFkhZ D;k dgrs gSa\ eq>s efgyk vkUnksyu ds ckjs eas crkb,] vc cM+s&cM+s eqn~ns dkSu&ls gSa\* og eq>ls esjs ckjs esa iwNrh gS] esjs ys[ku ds ckjs esaA eSa mls bZekunkjh ls viuh mFky&iqFky dk fglkc nsus dh dksf'k'k djrh gw¡A fQj og vius ckjs eas ckr djuk 'kq: djrh gS] dSls og ikVhZ eas 'kkfey gqbZA og eq>s crkrh gS fd mldk lkFkh fiNyh ebZ eas ,d i+$t+hZ eqBHksM+ eas ekjk x;k FkkA og ukfld eas fxj¶+rkj gqvk Fkk vkSj ekjs tkus ds fy, okjaxy ys tk;k x;k FkkA ^^mUgksaus mls cqjh rjg ;kruk,¡ nh gksaxhA** og mlls feyus tk jgh Fkh tc mlus lquk fd og fxj¶+rkj gks x;k FkkA rc ls og taxy gh esa gSA yEch [+kkeks'kh ds ckn og eq>s crkrh gS fd cjlksa igys Hkh ,d ckj mldk C;kg gqvk FkkA ^ôg Hkh ,d eqBHksM+ esa ekjk x;k Fkk]** og dgrh gS fQj fny rksMu+ s okyh lPpkbZ ls tksMr+ h gS] ^âog lpeqp dh eqBHksM+ FkhA** Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

107

108

eSa viuh f>Yyh ij ysVh] ekls dh lqnh?kZ mnklh ds ckjs esa lksprs gq,] uxkM+ksa vkSj eSnku ls vkrh lqnh?kZ izlUurk dh vkokt+sa lqurs gq, vkSj ekvksoknh ikVhZ ds dsUnzh; fl)kUr] lqnh?kZ ;q) lEcUèkh pk# etwenkj ds fopkj ds ckjs eas lksprs gq, tkxrh jgrh gw¡A ;gh gS tks yksxksa dks ;g lkspus ij vkeknk djrk gS fd ^'kkfUr okrkZvksa* esa Hkkx ysus dk ekvksokfn;ksa dk izLrko ,d èkks[kk gS] ,d pky rkfd fQj ls ,dtqV gksus] [”kqn dks u;s fljs ls gfFk;kjcUn djus vkSj fQj ls lqnh?kZ yM+kbZ NsM+us ds fy, lk¡l ysus dh eksgyr fey ldsA lqnh?kZ yM+kbZ gS D;k pht+\ D;k ;g vius vki esa ,d Hk;kud pht+ gS ;k ;g ;q) dh izÑfr ij fuHkZj djrk gS\ D;k gksrk vxj ;gk¡ n.Mdkj.; dh turk us fiNys rhl o"kks± rd viuh lqnh?kZ yM+kbZ u yM+h gksrh\ dgk¡ gksrs os vc\ vkSj D;k vdsys ekvksoknh gh lqnh?kZ yM+kbZ esa fo'okl jgus okyksa esa 'kkfey gSa\ yxHkx ml iy ls tc fgUnqLrku izHkqlÙkk lEiUu ns'k cuk FkkA og ,d mifuos'koknh 'kfDr cu x;k Fkk] {ks=k gLrxr djrk] gM+irk] yM+kbZ NsM+rk gqvkA jktuSfrd leL;kvksa dks gy djus ds fy, og lSfud gLr{ksi djus ls dHkh ugha fgpfdpk;k–d'ehj] gSnjkckn] xksok] uxkyS.M] ef.kiqj] rsyaxkuk] vle] iatkc] if'pe caxky] fcgkj] vkUèkz izns'k vkSj vc eè; Hkkjr dh yEckbZ&pkSM+kbZ esa QSys vkfnoklh bykD+$ksa esa uDlyoknh fonzkgs A nfl;ks&a gt+kjksa yksx cs[+kkSi+$ks&[+krj ekj fn;s x;s gSa] yk[kksa dks ;kruk,¡ nh x;h gSaA ;g lc yksdra=k ds dY;k.kdkjh eq[kkSVs ds HkhrjA ;s ;q) fdlds f[+kyki+$ NsM+s x;s\ eqlyekuksa] bZlkb;ksa] fl[kksa] dE;wfuLVksa] nfyrksa] vkfnokfl;kas vkSj lcls T+;knk mu x+jhcksa ds f[+kyki+$] ftUgksaus viuh rji+$ Qsads x;s VqdM+ksa dks Lohdkj djus dh ctk; vius HkkX; ij loky mBkus dh tqjZr dhA Hkkjrh; jkT; dks lkjr% lo.kZ fgUnw jkT; ds :i esa u ns[kuk dfBu gS ¼pkgs tks Hkh jktuSfrd ny lÙkk ij vklhu gks½ tks ^nwljs* ds izfr ,d lgt izfrfØ;kijd 'k=kqrk l¡tks;s j[krk gSA tks lPps vkSifuosf'kd <ax ls uxk vkSj fet+ks yksxksa dks NÙkhlx<+ esa] flD[kksa dks d'ehj eas] d'ehfj;ksa dks mM+hlk eas] rfeyksa dks vle eas yM+us Hkstrk gSA vxj ;g lqnh?kZ ;q) ugha gS rks D;k gS\ lqUnj] flrkjksa&tM+h jkr eas cset+k [k;kyA lq[knso] ftudk psgjk muds dEI;wVj ds insZ ls mn~Hkkflr gS] [”kqn ls gh eqLdjk jgs gSaA os ikxy] dke ds vkgr ns'k

nhokus gSaA eSa muls iwNrh gw¡ mUgsa dkSu&lh pht+ et+snkj yx jgh gSA ^^eSa mu i=kdkjksa ds ckjs eas lksp jgk gw¡] tks fiNys lky Hkwedky lekjksg ds ekSD+$s ij vk;s FksA os ,d ;k nks fnu #ds FksA ,d us esjh ,-ds- dks gkFk esa ysdj rLohj f[kapk;h Fkh vkSj fQj okil tkdj gesa gR;k dh e'khusa ;k ,slk gh dqN dgk FkkA** z

ukpuk vHkh #dk ugha gS vkSj Hkksj gks x;h gSA D+$rkjsa vc Hkh >we jgh gSa] lSdM+ksa ;qok yksx vc Hkh ukp jgs gSaA ^ôs #dsaxs ugha]** dkWejsM jktw dgrs gSa] ^^tc rd ge lkeku ugha ck¡èkus yxrsA** eSa eSnku esa dkWejsM MkWDVj ls Vdjk tkrh gw¡A os ukp ds eSnku ds Nksj ij ,d NksVk&lk fpfdRlk f'kfoj pyk jgs gSaA eSa muds Hkjs&Hkjs xksy xkyksa dks pwe ysuk pkgrh gw¡A os ,d dh ctk; rhl yksx D;ksa ugha cu ldrs\ os gt+kj yksx D;ksa ugha cu ldrs\ eSa muls iwNrh gw¡ fd dSlk yx jgk gS] n.Mdkj.; dk LokLF;\ mudk tokc esjh ulksa eas [+kwu tek nsrk gSA ftu yksxksa dks mUgksaus ns[kk gS] muesa ls T+;knkrj yksxksa ds [+kwu eas ¼ftuesa tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk ds yksx 'kkfey gSa½ gseksXyksfcu dh ek=kk 5 ls 6 ds chp gS ¼tcfd Hkkjrh; vkSjrksa ds fy, ekud 11 gS½A nks lky ls vfèkd rd iqjkuh [+kwu dh deh cus jgus dh otg ls gksus okyh Vhch gSA NksVs cPpksa dks izksVhu ÅtkZ dqiks"k.k ntkZ&2 gSA fpfdRlk dh 'kCnkoyh eas bls Dokf'k;ksjdksj dgrs gSaA ¼eSaus ckn esa bls tk¡pkA ;g leqnzorhZ ?kkuk dh xk Hkk"kk ls fudyk 'kCn gS vkSj bldk eryc gS ôg chekjh tks cPps dks u;s cPps ds vkus ij gksrh gSA* cqfu;knh rkSj ij igys cPps dks ek¡ dk nwèk feyuk cUn gks tkrk gS vkSj bruk [kkuk gksrk ugha ftlls mls iks"k.k fey ldsA½ ^^;gk¡ ;g laØked chekjh ljh[kk gS] fcvkiz+$k dh rjg]** dkWejsM MkWDVj dgrs gSa] ^êSaus igys Hkh xk¡o eas dke fd;k gS] ysfdu ,slh gkyr dHkh ugha ns[khA** blds vykok eysfj;k] gfM~M;ksa dk iksykiu] VsioeZ] dku vkSj nk¡r ds xEHkhj laØe.k vkSj izkFkfed _rqjksèk gSt – ks rc gksrk gS tc o;%lfUèk ds le; dqiks"k.k ds dkj.k vkSjr ds ekfld èkeZ dk pØ yqIr gks tkrk gS ;k fQj 'kq: gh ls izdV gh ugha gksrkA Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

109

u`R; jkr Hkj pysxk 'kq:&'kq: esa tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk ds dkWejsM viuh cUnwdksa ds lkFk vyx&vyx [kM+s ukpus okyksa dks ns[krs jgrs gSaA ysfdu fQj] ,d&,d djds] mu cÙk[kksa dh rjg tks fdukjs ij [kM+s&[kM+s nwljh cÙk[kksa dks rSjrs gq, ns[krs jguk cjnk'r ugha dj ikrha] os Hkh 'kkfey gks tkrs gSa vkSj ukpus yxrs gSaA tYnh gh gjh i+$kSth onhZ okys urZdksa dh iafDr;k¡ cko+$h lc jaxksa ds lkFk pdQsfj;k¡ ysus yxrh gSaA

lqcg gks pyh gS ij u`R;q vHkh tkjh gS tSls&tSls HkkbZ vkSj cgusa vkSj ekrk&firk vkSj cPps vkSj fe=k] tks ,d&nwljs ls eghuksa ls dHkh&dHkh cjlksa ls ugha feys] :&c&: gksrs gSa] ikยกrsa VwVrh gSa vkSj fQj curh gSa vkSj lkfM+;ksa vkSj Qwyksa vkSj <ksyksa vkSj ixfM+;ksa ds chp i+$kSth ofnZ;kยก fNrjk tkrh gSaA

112

^^bl taxy eas dksbZ nok[+kkuk ugha gS] flok x<+fpjksyh eas ,dkèk dsA dksbZ MkWDVj ughaA dksbZ nok&nk: ughaA** os tk jgs gSa vius NksVs&ls ny ds lkFk vcw>ekM+ dh vksj] vkB fnu dh in;k=kk ijA dkWejsM MkWDVj vc ^Mªsl* eas gSaA fygkt+k vxj os bUgsa ik tk;saxs rks bUgsa ekj nsaxsA dkWejsM jktw dgrs gSa fd gekjs fy, ;gk¡ Msjk Mkys j[kuk lqjf{kr ugha gSA gesa py nsuk gksxkA Hkwedky dks NksM+us dk eryc gS nsj rd <sj lkjh fonk,¡ ysuk&nsukA yky yky lyke] yky yky lyke tkus okys lkfFk;ksa dks yky yky lyke fQj feysaxs] fQj feysaxs n.Mdkj.; ds taxy eas fQj feysaxsA bls dHkh gYdsiu ls ugha fy;k tkrk] vkxeu vkSj izLFkku dh bl jLe dks] D;ksafd gj dksbZ tkurk gS fd tc os dgrs gSa ^ge fQj feysaxs* mudk vlyh eryc gksrk gS] ^'kk;n ge dHkh ugha feysaxsA* dkWejsM ueZnk] dkWejsM ekls vkSj dkWejsM :ih vyx&vyx fn'kkvksa esa tk jgh gSaA D;k eSa mUgsa fQj dHkh ns[kw¡xh\ fygkt+k ,d ckj fQj ge pyrs gSaA fnuksa&fnu ekSle xeZ gksrk tk jgk gSA deyk esjs fy, rsUnw ds igys&igys Qy pqurh gSA mudk Lokn phdw tSlk gSA eSa beyh HkDr gks x;h gw¡A bl ckj ge ,d unh ds ut+nhd Msjk Mkyrs gSaA vkSjrsa vkSj vkneh ckjh&ckjh ls lewgksa esa ugkrs gSaA 'kke dks dkWejsM jktw dks ^fcLdqVksa* dk iwjk fMCck feyrk gSA [+kcjsa % ekuiqj e.My esa tuojh 2010 ds vUr esa fxj¶+rkj fd;s x;s 60 yksx vHkh rd vnkyr esa is'k ugha fd;s x;s gSaA nf{k.k cLrj eas iqfyl ds fo'kky nLrs vk igq¡ps gSaA euekus geys tkjh gSaA 8 uoEcj] 2009 dks chtkiqj ft+yk ds dpykjke xk¡o esa fMjdks eMdk ¼60½ vkSj dksoklh lqdyw ¼68½ ekjs x;sA vkgr ns'k

24 uoEcj dks iuxksMh xk¡o esa eMoh ckeu ¼15½ ekjk x;kA 3 fnlEcj dks dksjsutkM dk eMoh cqnjke Hkh ekjk x;kA 11 fnlEcj dks xqfe;k iky xk¡o] Mjck e.My] 7 yksx ekjs x;sA ¼uke vHkh vkus ckD+$h gSaA½ 15 fnlEcj dks dksVªkiky xk¡o] osdks lksEckj vkSj eMoh HkkV~Vh ¼nksuks Øk- vk- ela- dh lnL;½ ekjh x;hA 30 fnlEcj dks ospkiky xk¡o iwuse ik.Mw vkSj iwuse eksVw ¼firk&iq=k½ ekjs x;sA tu 2010 ¼frfFk vKkr½ dSdk xk¡o] xaxkykSj esa turkuk ljdkj dk eqf[k;k ekjk x;kA 9 tuojh dks tkxjxksaMk {ks=k ds lqjiuxwMsu xk¡o esa 4 yksx ekjs x;sA 10 tuojh dks iqYyse iqYykMh xk¡o eas 3 yksx ekjs x;sA ¼vHkh rd uke ugha irkA½ 25 tuojh dks bUnzkorh {ks=k ds rkfdyksM xk¡o eas 7 yksx ekjs x;sA 10 i+$jojh ¼Hkwedky fnol½ dks vcw>ekM+ ds nqeukj xk¡o eas dqeyh ds cykRdkj ds ckn mldh gR;kA og isoj uked xk¡o dh FkhA Hkkjr&frCcr lhek j{kdksa ds 2000 lSfudksa jktukanxk¡o ds taxyksa eas Msjk Mkys gq, gSaA lhek lqj{kk cy ds 5000 vfrfjDr i+$kSth dk¡dsj vk igqaps gSaA Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

113

^fcLdqVksa* ds lkFk ,d gjdkjkA dkx”t+ ij gkFk ls fy[ks iqt+sZ] rgk dj vkSj LVsiy yxk dj NksVs&NksVs pkSdksj VqdM+ksa dh 'kDy esaA gj txg ls [”kcjA iqfyl us vksaxukj xk¡o eas ik¡p yksxksa dks ekj fn;k gSA

vkSj fQj % tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk dk dksVk iwjk gks x;kA dqN iqjkus v[+kckj Hkh vk;s gSaA uDlyokfn;ksa ds ckjs eas cgqr&lh lkexzh gSA ,d ph[+krh gqbZ lq[+khZ jktuSfrd fi+$t+k dk lVhd yqCcs&yqvkc is'k djrh gS % [knsM+ks] ekjks] leiZ.k djkvksA mlds uhps % okrkZ ds fy, yksdra=k dk }kj [kqyk gSA nwljh lq[+khZ dgrh gS ekvksoknh iSlk cukus ds fy, xk¡tk mxk jgs gSaA rhljs v[+kckj esa lEikndh; dgrk gS fd ftl bykD+$s esa geus Msjk Mkyk gqvk gS vkSj ftls ge iSny ikj dj jgs gSa] og iwjh rjg iqfyl ds fu;a=k.k esa gSaA ;qok dE;qfuLV drjuksa dks i<+us dk vH;kl djus ds fy, ys tkrs gSaA os f'kfoj esa ekvksokfn;ksa dk fojksèk djus okys bu ys[kksa dks jsfM;ks mn~?kks"kdksa ds Lojksa esa Å¡ps&Å¡ps i<+rs gq, ?kwers jgrs gSaA z 114

u;k fnuA u;h txgA geus egqvk ds fo'kky isM+ksa ds uhps mflj xk¡o ds ckgjh fgLls esa Msjk Mkyk gqvk gSA egqvk ds isM+ksa eas vHkh&vHkh Qwy vk jgs gSa vkSj os vius gyds ihys] gjs ckSj taxy ds i+$'kZ ij jRuksa dh rjg fxjk jgs gSaA gok esa mudh gYdh&gYdh mUeÙk djus okyh xUèk clh gqqbZ gSA ge HkkViky Ldwy ds cPpksa dk bUrt+kj dj jgs gSa] tks vksaxukj eqBHksM+ ds ckn cUn dj fn;k x;k FkkA mls vc iqfyl ds f'kfoj eas cny fn;k x;k gSA cPpksa dks ?kj Hkst fn;k x;k gSA ;gh usyokM] ew¡tesV~Vk] ,Mdk] osMksekdksV vkSj ?kuksjk ds Ldwyksa ds ckjs esa Hkh lp gSA HkkViky Ldwy ds cPps ugha vkrsA dkWejsM uhfr ¼eksLV okW.VsM½ vkSj dkWejsM fouksn geas vius lkFk ys dj ty lap; ds <k¡pksa vkSj flapkbZ ds rkykcksa dh ml J`a[kyk dks fn[kkus ys tkrs gSa] tks turkuk ljdkj us cuk;s gSAa dkWejsM uhfr [ksrh&ckM+h ls lEcfUèkr <sj lkjh leL;kvksa ds ckjs eas ckr djrh gSa] ftuls mudks fuiVuk iM+rk gSA fli+$Z nks i+$hlnh t+ehu dh flapkbZ gksrh gSA vcw>ekM+ esa nl lky igys rd gy ls tqrkbZ ds ckjs esa lquk Hkh ugha x;k FkkA nwljh vksj x<+fpjksyh eas ladj cht vkSj jklk;fud vkgr ns'k

dhVk.kquk'kd èkhjs&èkhjs viuk jkLrk cukrs gq, ?kqlrs pys vk jgs gSAa ^^gesa [ksrh&ckM+h ds flyflys esa rRdky enn dh t+:jr gS]** dkWejsM fouksn dgrs gSaA ^^gesa ,sls yksxksa dh t+:jr gS tks chtks]a tSo dhVk.kquk'kdks]a iekZdYpj ds ckjs esa tkurs gksAa FkksM+h&lh enn ds cy ij ge cgqr dqN dj ldrs gSaA** dkWejsM jkew turkuk ljdkj {ks=k esa izHkkjh Ñ"kd gSaA os xoZ ds lkFk gesa [ksrksa dk pDdj yxokrs gSa] tgk¡ os pkoy] cSaxu] xksaxwjk] I;kt+ dksg~yjkch mxkrs gSaA fQj mrus gh xoZ ls os gesa ,d fo'kky] ,dne lw[kk flapkbZ dk rkykc fn[kkrs gSaA ^^blesa ckfj'k ds ekSle esa Hkh ikuh ugha gksrkA ;g x+yr txg [kksnk x;k gS]** os psgjs ij eqLdku f[kyk;s] dgrs gSa] ^^;g gekjk ugha gS] bls ywVh ljdkj us [kqnok;k FkkA** ;gk¡ nks lekukUrj 'kklu iz.kkfy;k¡ gSa] turkuk ljdkj vkSj ywVh ljdkjA eSa ml ckr ds ckjs eas lksprh gw¡ tks dkWejsM os.kq us eq>ls dgh Fkh % os gesa dqpy Mkyuk pkgrs gSa] egt+ [kfutksa ds fy, gh ugha] cfYd blfy, Hkh fd ge nqfu;k ds lkeus ,d oSdfYid uewuk is'k dj jgs gSaA ;g vHkh ,d fodYi ugha gS;– g cUnwd ds cy ij xzke LojktA ;gk¡ cgqr T+;knk Hkw[k gS] cgqr T+;knk chekjhA ysfdu mlus fodYi dh lEHkkouk,¡ rks fu'p; gh iSnk dj nh gSaA lkjh nqfu;k ds fy, ugha] u vykLdk ds fy, u u;h fnYyh] ;gk¡ rd fd 'kk;n lewps NÙkhlx<+ ds fy, Hkh ugha] cfYd [”kqn vius fy,A n.Mdkj.; ds fy,A ;g nqfu;k dk lcls xksiuh; Hksn gSA mlus vius uk'k ds fodYi dh cqfu;kn j[k nh gSA mlus bfrgkl dks pqukSrh nh gSA Hkkjh #dkoVksa ds ckotwn mlus vius thfor cp fudyus dk ,d uD+'kk rS;kj fd;k gSA mls enn vkSj dYiuk'khyrk dh t+:jr gS] mls MkWDVjksa] vè;kidksa] fdlkuksa dh t+:jr gSA mls ;q) dh t+:jr ugha gSA ysfdu vxj mls fli+$Z ;q) gh feyus okyk gS] rks og iyV dj yM+sxkA z

vxys dqN fnuksa ds nkSjku eSa Øk-vk-e- laxBu ds lkFk dke djus okyh efgykvksa] turk ljdkjksa ds fofHkUu inkfèkdkfj;ksa] n.Mdkj.; vkfnoklh fdlku et+nwj laxBu ds lnL;ksa] ekjs x;s yksxksa ds ifjokjksa vkSj egt+ vke Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

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yksxksa ls feyrh gw¡] tks bl Hk;kog le; eas fli+$Z ft+Unxh dk lkFk fuHkkus dh tn~nkstgn esa tqVs gq, gSaA eSa ukjk;.kqij ft+ys dh rhu cguksl–a fq [k;kjh] lqdnsbZ vkSj lqDdyh–ls feyrh gwA¡ toku ugha] 'kk;n pkyhl ds isVs esAa os Økvk-e- laxBu eas fiNys ckjg o"kks± ls gSaA xk¡ookys iqfyl ls fuiVus ds fy, mu ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA iqfyl okys nks ls rhu lkS ds >q.M eas vkrs

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gSaA ^^os gj pht+ pqjk ys tkrs gSa] xgus] eqx+sZ] lqvj] Hkk¡Ms&crZu] rhj&deku]** lqDdyh dgrh gS] ^^os pkdw Hkh ugha NksM+rsA** bUuj esa mldk ?kj nks ckj tyk;k x;k gS,– d ckj uxk cVkfy;u }kjk vkSj ,d ckj dsUnzh; fjt+oZ iqfyl cy }kjkA lqf[k;kjh dks fxj¶+rkj djds txnyiqj esa lkr eghus rd tsy esa j[kk x;k FkkA ,d ckj os lkjs xk¡o dks ;g dgrs gq, ys x;s fd vkneh lc uDlyh FksA lqf[k;kjh us lkjs cPpksa vkSj vkSjrksa ds ys dj ihNk fd;kA mUgksaus Fkkus dks ?ksj fy;k vkSj rc rd fgyus ls budkj dj fn;k] tc rd vkneh eqDr ugha dj fn;s x;sA ^^tc Hkh os fdlh dks ys tk;sa]** lqdnsbZ dgrh gS] ^^rqEgsa i+$kSju tkdj mls okil Nhu ykuk pkfg,A ,d ckj os jkst+ukeps esa fy[k ysa rks fQj cgqr eqf'dy gks tkrk gSA** lqf[k;kjh] ftls cpiu esa t+cnZLrh vigj.k djds ,d mejnkj vkneh ls C;kg fn;k x;k Fkk ¼og ?kj ls Hkkx x;h vkSj viuh cgu ds lkFk tkdj jgus yxh½] vc turk dh jSfy;k¡ vk;ksftr djrh gS vkSj cSBdksa eas Hkk"k.k nsrh gSA yksx ml ij lqj{kk ds fy, fuHkZj jgrs gSaA vkgr ns'k

eSaus mlls iwNk fd mlds fy, ikVhZ dk eryc D;k FkkA ^^uDlyokn dk eryc gekjk ifjokjA tc ge geys ds ckjs esa lqurs gSa rks ,slk yxrk gS fd gekjs ifjokj dks pksV yxh gSA** lqf[k;kjh us dgkA eSaus mlls iwNk fd D;k mls ekywe Fkk fd ekvks dkSu FkkA og 'kehZysiu ls eqLdjk;h] ^os ,d usrk FksA ge muds lius ds fy, dke dj jgs gSaA*

eSa dkWejsM lksekjh xoMs ls feyhA chl lky dh vkSj txnyiqj esa nks lky tsy dkV Hkh pqdh gSA og 8 tuojh] 2007 dks bUuj xk¡o esa Fkh] ftl fnu 740 iqfylokyksa us mlds fxnZ ?ksjk Mky fn;k] D;ksfa d mUgsa [+kcj Fkh fd dkWejsM uhfr ogk¡ FkhaA ¼os Fkha] ij iqfyl ds vkus rd os tk pqdh FkhaA½ ysfdu xk¡o dk v)Z&lSfud ny ogha Fkk] ftlesa lksekjh Hkh 'kkfey FkhA iqfyl us Hkksj ds le; xksfy;k¡ pykuh 'kq: dhaA mUgkasus nks yM+dksa] lqdrky xoMs vkSj dp: xksVk dks ekj MkykA mUgkaus s rhu nwljs yksxksa dks idM+ fy;k–nks yM+d]s nwljh lkye vkSj jkukbZ vkSj lksekjhA nwljh vkSj jkukbZ dks ck¡èk dj xksyh ekj nh x;hA lksekjh dks ihV&ihV dj vèkejk dj fn;k x;kA iqfyl us Vªy s j okyk ,d VªDS Vj fy;k vkSj yk'ksa mleas ykn nhaA lksekjh dks yk'kksa ds lkFk cSBk dj ukjk;.kiqj ys tk;k x;kA eSa dkWejsM fnyhi dh ek¡ pejh ls feyhA dkWejsM fnyhi dks 6 tqykbZ] 2009 dks xksyh ekj nh x;h FkhA og dgrh gS fd mls ekjus ds ckn iqfyl us mlds csVs ds 'ko dks ,d ck¡l ls ck¡èk fn;k] tkuoj dh rjg vkSj mls vius lkFk ys pyssA muds fy, 'koksa dks is'k djuk Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

lqf[k;krh] lq[knsbZ vkSj lqDdfy117 1986 eas ikVhZ us ^vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu* xfBr fd;k] tks ^ØkfUrdkjh vkfnoklh efgyk laxBu* esa fodflr gks x;k vkSj vc mlds 90]000 cko+$k;nk lnL; gSaA D;k mudk ^li+$k;k* dj fn;k tk;sxk\

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iM+rk gS] viuk buke ysus ds fy,] blls igys fd dksbZ vkSj f'kdkj dks ys HkkxsA pejh iqfyl LVs'ku rd lkjk jkLrk muds ihNs nkSM+rh x;hA tc rd os igq¡ps] 'ko ij diM+s ds uke ij fpFkM+k Hkh ugha jg x;k FkkA jkLrs esa] pejh dgrh gS] tc os lM+d ds fdukjs ds ,d <kcs ij pkoy vkSj fcLdqV [kkus ds fy, #ds ¼ftlds nke mUgksaus ugha pqdk;s½ rks mUgksaus 'ko dks lM+d ds fdukjs NksM+ fn;kA iy Hkj ds fy, bl ek¡ dh dYiuk dhft,] vius csVs ds 'ko ds ihNs&ihNs taxy ls gksdj vkrh gqbZ] FkksM+s i+$klys ij #drh gqbZ] rkfd mlds gR;kjs pk; ih ysaA mUgksaus mls vius csVs dk 'ko okil ugha ysus fn;k] rkfd og lgh <ax ls mldk fØ;k&deZ dj ldsA mUgksaus mls cl ml xM~<s esa ,d eqV~Bh feV~Vh Qsadus nh] ftlesa mUgksaus ml fnu ekjs x;s yksxksa dks xkM+k FkkA pejh dgrh gS mls cnyk pkfg,A cnyk dw cnykA ¼[+kwu ds cnys [+kwu½A eSa eklZdksyk turkuk ljdkj ds pqus gq, lnL;ksa ls feyrh gw¡] tks NS xk¡oksa dk iz'kklu pykrh gSA mUgksaus iqfyl dh ,d nfc'k c;ku dh % os jkr dks vkrs gSa] 300] 400 dHkh&dHkh 1000 flikghA os xk¡o ds fxnZ ?ksjk Mky nsrs gSa vkSj fNi dj bUrt+kj djrs gSaA Hkksj ds le; os [ksrksa ij tkus okys igys&igys yksxksa dks idM+ ysrs gSa vkSj xk¡o esa ?kqlus ds fy, mUgsa bUlkuh <kyksa dh rjg bLrseky djrs gSa rkfd os mUgsa crk;sa fd ^cwch VªSi* dgk¡ gSaA ¼^vkj&oh* dh rjg ^cwch VªSi* Hkh xkasMh 'kCn cu x;k gSA gj vkneh eqLdjkrk gS] tc og mls dgrk ;k lqurk gSA taxy ^cwch VªSiksa* ls Hkjk gqvk gS] dqN vlyh] dqN uD+$yhA ;gk¡ rd fd tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk dks Hkh tulSfudksa dh lgk;rk ds cy ij xk¡oksa ls gksdj xqt+juk iM+rk gSA½ ,d ckj os xk¡o eas ?kqlrs gSa rks os ywV&ekj djrs gSa vkSj ?kjksa dks tykrs gSaA os dqÙkksa ds lkFk vkrs gSaA dqÙks Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k djus okyksa dks idM+ ysrs gSaA os eqfx+Z;ksa vkSj lqvjksa dks nkSM+krs gSa vkSj iqfyl mUgsa ekjdj cksjksa eas Hkj dj ys tkrh gSA fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkjh iqfyl ds lkFk vkrs gSaA mUgsa gh ekywe gksrk gS fd yksx vius iSls vkSj xgus dgk¡ fNikrs gSaA os yksxksa dks idM+rs gSa vkSj ys tkrs gSa vkSj mUgsa NksM+us ls igys muls iSls ,saBrs gSaA os ges'kk dqN vfrfjDr uDly ^ofnZ;k¡* vius lkFk fy;s jgrs gSa fd vxj os ekjus ds fy, fdlh dks ik;sa rks bLrseky dj ldsaA mUgsa uDlyokfn;ksa dks ekjus ds iSls feyrs gSa] fygkt+k os dqN uDlfy;ksa dks x<+ ysrs gSaA xk¡o okys brus Mjs gq, gSa fd ?kj eas ugha jgrsA vkgr ns'k

bl 'kkUr ut+j vkrs ou esa thou iwjh rjg i+$kSth gks x;k yxrk gS vcA yksx vc dkWMZu vkSj lpZ] i+$kbfjax] ,sMokUl] fjVªhV] Mkmu] ,sD'ku tSls 'kCn tkurs gSaA viuh i+$lysa dkVus ds fy, mUgsa tueqfDr Nkikekj lsuk dh x'r dh t+:jr gksrh gSA gkV tkuk Hkh ,d lSfud vfHk;ku gSA gkV&ckt+kj eq[+kfcjksa ls Hkjs gksrs gSa] ftUgas iqfyl iSls ds cy ij muds xk¡oksa ls yqHkk dj ys vk;h gksrh gSA 1500 #i;s eghus ij] eq>s crk;k tkrk gSA ukjk;.kiqj eas ,d eq[+kfcj eqgYyk Hkh gS] tgk¡ de&ls&de 4000 eq[+kfcj jgrs gSaA vkneh vc ckt+kj ugha tk ikrsA vkSjrsa tkrh gSa] ysfdu mu ij dM+h fuxjkuh j[kh tkrh gS fd os uDlfy;ksa ds fy, rks ugha [+kjhn jgh gSaA nok[+kkuksa dks funsZ'k gS fd os yksxksa dks nokb;k¡ u [+kjhnus nsa] flok cgqr NksVh&NksVh ek=kkvksa easA ljdkjh jk'ku dh nqdkuksa ls de nke dk jk'ku–phuh] pkoy] feV~Vh dk rsyi– fq yl LVs'kuksa eas ;k muds ut+nhd j[kk tkrk gS] ftlls vfèkdrj yksxksa ds fy, mls [+kjhnuk vlEHko gks tkrk gSA z

tulagkj ds vijkèk ds fuokj.k vkSj n.M ij jk"Vª la?k ds lEesyu dh èkkjk&2 tulagkj dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj nsrh gS % uhps fn;s x;s ÑR;ksa eas ls dksbZ ,d tks fdlh jk"Vªh;] tkrh;] uLyh ;k èkkfeZd leqnk; dks lexzr% ;k va'kr% u"V djus ds bjkns ls fd;k x;k gks] ;Fkk] leqnk; ds lnL;ksa dh gR;k djuk] leqnk; ds lnL;ksa dks xEHkhj 'kkjhfjd ;k ekufld gkfu igq¡pkuk( tku&cw> dj ml lewg ij ,slh thoufLFkfr;k¡ Fkksiuk] tks iwjh rjg ;k va'kr% mldk 'kkjhfjd uk'k djus ds mn~ns'; ls Fkksih x;h gksa( ,sls D+$ne ykxw djuk tks lewg ds Hkhrj iztuu dks ckfèkr djsa] ¼;k½ lewg ds cPpksa dks t+cjnLrh nwljs leqnk; esa LFkkukUrfjr djukA z

lkjh iSny pykbZ us] yxrk gS eq>s viuh fxj¶+r eas ys fy;k gSA eSa Fkd x;h gw¡A deyk eq>s ,d irhyk xeZ ikuh yk nsrh gSA eSa v¡èksjs eas ,d isM+ ds ihNss ugkrh gw¡A ysfdu eSa [kkuk ugha [kk ldrh vkSj lksus ds fy, jsax dj vius Lyhfiax cSx eas ?kql tkrh gw¡A dkWejsM jktw ,syku djrs gSa fd gesa py Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

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nsuk gSA fu'p; gh ;g vDlj gksrk gS] ysfdu vkt dh jkr eqf'dy gSA geus ,d [kqys eSnku esa Msjk Mkyk gqvk FkkA geus nwj ls vkrh xksyhckjh dh vkokt+ lquh FkhA ge 104 gSaA ,d ckj fQj vdsyh D+$rkj cuk dj jkr esa pyukA >haxqjksa dk LojA ySos.Mj tSlh xUèk okyh dksbZ pht+A X;kjg ds ckn dk le; jgk gksxk] tc ge ml txg igq¡ps tgk¡ ge jkr fcrk;saxsA èkjrh ls ckgj dks fudyh pV~Vkuksa dk flyflykA D+$rkjcUnhA gkft+jhA dksbZ jsfM;ks pkyw dj nsrk gSA chchlh dgrk gS fd ykyx<+] if'pe caxky esa bZLVuZ iz+$f.V;j jkbi+$Yl ds f'kfoj ij geyk gqvk gSA eksVj lkbfdyksa ij 60 ekvksoknhA iqfyl ds 14 flikgh ekjs x;sA 10 ykirkA gfFk;kj Nhus x;sA D+$rkjksa esa [”kq'kh dh cqncqnkgV QSy tkrh gSA ekvksoknh usrk fd'kuth dk b.VjO;w py jgk gSA vki ;g fgalk NksM+dj ckrphr ds fy, dc vk;saxs\ tc vkWijs'ku xzhug.V okil ys fy;k tk;sxkA fdlh Hkh le;A fpnEcje dks crkb, ge ckr djsaxsA vxyk iz'u % vc v¡èksjk gS] vkius lqjaxsa fcNk;h gqbZ gSa] vkSj lSfud cqyk fy;s x;s gSa] D;k vki mu ij Hkh geyk djsaxs\ fd'ku th % gk¡] fu'p; gh] ojuk yksx eq>s ekjsaxsA D+$rkjksa eas g¡lh QwV iM+rh gSA Li"Vhdj.k nsus okys lq[knso dgrs gSa] ^^os ges'kk lqjaxsa dgrs gSaA ge lqjaxsa ugha fcNkrsA ge vkbZ-bZ-Mh- bLrseky djrs gSaA* gt+kj flrkjk gksVy eas ,d vkSj 'kkuks&'kkSdr okyk lqfoèkk&lEiUu dejkA esjh rfc;r Bhd ugha yx jghA ckfj'k gksus yxrh gSA gYdh&lh g¡lh QwV iM+rh gSA deyk ,d f>Yyh eq>s vks<+k nsrh gSA vkSj eq>s D;k pkfg,\ ckD+$h lc cl viuh&viuh f>Yyh esa [”kqn dks yisV ysrs gSaA vxyh lqcg rd ykyx<+ esa 'koksa dh la[;k 21 gks x;h gSA nl ykirkA bl lqcg dkWejsM jktw esa nwljksa dk [+k;ky gSA gj 'kke ls igys ugha pyrsA z

,d jkr yksx iraxksa dh rjg jks'kuh ds ,d pdÙks dks fxnZ tek gSaA ;g lksyj iSusy ls pkfyr dkWejsM lq[knso dk uUgk&lk dEI;wVj gS vkSj os ^enj bf.M;k* ns[k jgs gSaA mudh jkbi+$yksa ds dkys dqUns vkdk'k eas Nk;kÑfr;ksa dh rjg fn[krs gq,A deyk dh fnypLih mlesa ugha yxrhA eSaus mlls iwNk fd D;k mls fi+$Yeas ns[kuk ilUn FkkA ^^ugha nhnh] fli+$Z ,sEcq'k ohfM;ksA** ckn esa eSaus vkgr ns'k

dkWejsM lq[knso ls ?kkr yxk dj fd;s x;s bu geyksa ds fofM;ks ds ckjs esa iwNkA fcuk ekFks ij f'kdu yk;s] os eq>s ,d fofM;ks fn[kkrs gSaA ohfM;ks n.Mdkj.; ds n`';ksa ls 'kq: gksrk gS] ufn;k¡] >jus] isM+ dh uaxh Mky dk ikl ls fy;k x;k 'kkWVA fVVgjh dh vkokt+A fQj vpkud ,d dkWejsM ,d vkbZ-bZ-Mh- esa rkj yxk jgk gS] lw[kh ifÙk;ksa eas mls fNikrk gqvkA eksVjlkbfdyksa dk ,d dkfi+$yk mM+k fn;k tkrk gSA dVs&QVs 'kjhj gSa vkSj tyrh eksVjlkbfdysaA gfFk;kj Nhus tk jgs gSaA èkDds ls lqUu iqfyl ds rhu flikgh ck¡èk fn;s x;s gSaA bldh fi+$Ye dkSu mrkj jgk gS\ dkSu dkjZokbZ dk lapkyu dj jgk gS\ dkSu idM+s x;s flikfg;ksa dks vk'oLr dj jgk gS fd os vxj leiZ.k dj nsa rks mUgsa fjgk dj fn;k tk;sxk\ ¼tks mUgksaus fd;k½ eSa ml eqyk;e] vk'oLr djus okyh vkokt+ dks igpkurh gw¡A os dkWejsM os.kq gSaA ^^;g dqMwj ,sEcq'k gS]** dkWejsM lq[knso dgrs gSaA muds ikl tys gq, xk¡oksa] izR;{knf'kZ;ksa vkSj e`rdksa ds fj'rsnkjksa dh xokfg;ksa dk ,d ohfM;ks vfHkys[kkxkj gSA ,d tys gq, ?kj dh >qylh nhokj ij fy[kk gS^– uxk&k&k! ekjus ds fy, tUek!* ml NksV&s ls cPps dh Hkh fi+$Ye gS ftldh m¡xfy;k¡ vkWijs'ku xzhug.V ds cLrj vè;k; dk mn~?kkVu djus ds fy, dkV nh x;h FkhaA ¼esjs lkFk ,d Vhoh b.VjO;w Hkh gSA esjk i<+us&fy[kus dk dejkA esjh fdrkcsaA vthcA½ jkr dks jsfM;ks ij ,d vkSj uDlyh geys dh [+kcj gSA bl ckj teqbZ fcgkj esaA [+kcj esa dgk x;k gS fd 125 ekvksokfn;ksa us ,d xk¡o ij geyk fd;k vkSj dksjk tkfr ds nl vkfnokfl;ksa dks cnys dh dkjZokbZ eas ekj fn;k] D;ksafd muds }kjk iqfyl dks nh x;h tkudkjh ls NS ekvksokfn;ksa dh e`R;q gks x;h FkhA fu'p; gh ge tkurs gSa fd ehfM;k dh fjiksVZ lgh gks Hkh ldrh gS] ugha Hkh gks ldrhA ysfdu vxj lp gS rks ;g v{kE; gSA dkWejsM jktw vkSj lq[knso Li"V :i ls cspSu ut+j vkrs gSaA >kj[k.M vkSj fcgkj ls tks [+kcjsa vkrh jgh gSa os fopfyr djus okyh gSaA iz+$kfUll bUnqoj uked iqfylokys dk flj dkVs tkus dh u`'kal ?kVuk dh [+kcj vc Hkh yksxksa ds fnyks&fnekx+ eas rkt+k gSA ;g bl ckr dh ;kn djkrk gS fd Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

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fdruh vklkuh ls gfFk;kjcUn la?k"kZ dk vuq'kklu vkijkfèkd fgalk dh vjktd dkjZokb;ksa eas ifrr gks ldrk gS ;k tkfr;ksa vkSj leqnk;kas vkSj èkkfeZd lEiznk;ksa ds chp vfLerk ds f?kukSus ;q)ksa esaA vU;k; dks laLFkkc) djds] tSlk fd Hkkjrh; jktra=k djrk gS] mlus bl ns'k dks Hkkjh vlUrks"k dk ck:n [+kkuk cuk fn;k gSA ljdkj D+$rbZ x+yr gS vxj og lksprh gS fd lh ih vkbZ ¼ekvksoknh½ dks ^fljfoghu* djus ds fy, ^fpfÌr gR;k,¡* djds og fgalk dks [+kRe dj ik;sxhA blds foijhr fgalk QSy dj vkSj rhoz gksxh vkSj ljdkj ds ikl ckr djus ds fy, dksbZ ugha gksxkA z

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esjs vkf[+kjh fnuksa ds nkSjku ge gjh&Hkjh] lqUnj bUnzkorh ?kkVh ds chp e¡Mjkrs gq, pyrs gSaA ,d igkM+h ds lkFk&lkFk pyrs gq, geus unh dh nwljh rji+$ yksxksa dh ,d vkSj iafDr dks mlh fn'kk esa pyrs ns[kkA eq>s crk;k tkrk gS fd os dqMwj xk¡o esa ,d ck¡èk fojksèkh lHkk eas Hkkx ysus ds fy, tk jgs gSaA os [kqys eas gSa vkSj gfFk;kjfoghuA ?kkVh ds fy, ,d LFkkuh; tqywlA eSa bèkj dk lkFk NksM+dj muls tk feyhA cksèk?kkV ck¡èk ml lkjs bykD+$s dks Mqck nsxk] ftleas ge dbZ fnuksa ls pyrs jgs gSaA og lkjk ou] lkjk bfrgkl] lkjs fD+$Lls&dgkfu;k¡A lkS ls T+;knk xk¡oA rks ;g ;kstuk gS D;k\ yksxksa dks pwgksa dh rjg Mqcks nsuk] rkfd yksg.MhxqMk eas ldy bLikr dkj[+kkuk vkSj ds'kdky ?kkV eas ckWDlkbV [knku vkSj ,sY;wfefu;e 'kksèku la;a=k unh dks gfFk;k ldsa\ lHkk esa yksx tks ehyksa nwj ls vk;s gSa] ogh pht+sa dgrs gSa tks ge lc cjlksa ls lqurs vk;s gSaA ge Mwc tk;saxs] ij gVsaxs ughaA os jksekafpr gSa fd fnYyh ls vk;k dksbZ muds lkFk gSA eSa muls dgrh gw¡ fd fnYyh ,d Øwj 'kgj gS] tks u mUgsa tkurk gS] u ijokg djrk gSA n.Mdkj.; vkus ds dqN g¶+rs igys gh eSa xqtjkr x;h FkhA ljnkj ljksoj ck¡èk vc dekscs'k viuh iwjh Å¡pkbZ rd igq¡p pqdk gSA vkSj yxHkx gj pht+ ftldh Hkfo";ok.kh ueZnk cpkvks vkUnksyu us dh Fkh fd gksxh] ?kfVr gqbZ gSA foLFkkfir yksxksa dk iquokZl ugha gqvk] exj ;g dksbZ dgus dh ckr ughaA ugjsa ugha cuh gSaA dksbZ iSlk ugha gSA blfy, ueZnk dk ikuh ?kqek dj lkcjerh vkgr ns'k

ds lw[ks ry esa ys tk;k tk jgk gS] mleas cjlksa igys ck¡èk cu pqdk FkkA T+;knkrj ikuh 'kgjksa vkSj cM+s m|ksxksa }kjk gM+ik tk jgk gSA myVh èkkjk ds izHkko–fcuk unh ds eqgkus eas uedhu ikuh dk ?kql vkuk–ls eqfDr ikuk vlEHko gksrk tk jgk gSA ,d le; Fkk tc ;g fo'okl djuk fd cM+s ck¡èk ^vkèkqfud Hkkjr ds efUnj gSa* Hkwy gksrs gq, Hkh le>k tk ldrk FkkA ysfdu vkt ml lcds ckn tks gks pqdk gS] vkSj ge og lc dqN tkurs gSa tks gesa ekywe gqvk gS] ;g dguk gh gksxk fd cM+s ck¡èk ekuork ds fo#) vijkèk gSaA 1984 eas LFkkuh; yksxksa ds fojksèk ds ckn cksèk?kkV ck¡èk rkd ij èkj fn;k x;k FkkA vc mls dkSu jksdsxk\ dkSu mldh vkèkkj f'kyk j[ks tkus ls jksdsxk\ dkSu bUnzkorh ds pqjk;s tkus ls cpk;sxk\ fdlh dks rks djuk gh pkfg,A z

vkf[+kjh jkr dks geus ml Å¡ph igkM+h dh rygVh esa Msjk Mkyk] ftls gesa lqcg p<+ dj ikj djuk Fkk rkfd ge ml lM+d ij vk tk;sa] tgk¡ ls ,d eksVj lkbfdy eq>s fcBk ysxhA taxy rc ls cny x;k gS] tc eSa igys&igy mleas nkf[+ky gqbZ FkhA fpjkSath] lsey vkSj vke ds isM+ksa esa Qwy vkus yxs gSaA dqMwj ds xk¡ookys rkt+k idM+h eNyh dk ,d fo'kky nsx+ f'kfoj ij Hkstrs gSa vkSj esjs fy, ,d lwph–mu 71 fD+$Le ds Qyks]a lfCt+;ks]a nkyksa vkSj dhM+kas dh tks os taxy ls izkIr djrs gSa vkSj vius [ksrksa eas mxkrs gSc–a kt+kj Hkko ds lkFkA ;g egt+ ,d i+$gs fjLr gSA exj ;g mudh nqfu;k dk uD+'kk Hkh gSA Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

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turkuk ljdkj }kjk cuk;k x;k ,d ck¡/k cksèk?kkV ck¡èk ml lkjs byko+$s dks Mqck nsxk] ftleas ge dbZ fnuksa ls pyrs jgs gSaA og lkjk ou] lkjk bfrgkl] lkjs fo+$Lls&dgkfu;k¡A lkS ls T+;knk xk¡oA

taxy Mkd vkrh gSA esjs fy, nks fcLdqVA dkWejsM ueZnk dh vksj ls ,d dfork vkSj ,d nck;k gqvk QwyA ekls ls ,d I;kjk&lk i=kA ¼dkSu gS og\ D;k eSa dHkh tku ikÅ¡xh\½ dkWejsM lq[knso iwNrs gSa fd D;k os esjs vkbZ ikWM ls laxhr vius dEi;wVj eas MkmuyksM dj ldrs gSaA ge ft+;k&my&gd ds 'kkludky esa mRihM+u ds pje fnuksa eas ykgkSj dh e'kgwj laxhr lHkk eas bD+$cky ckuks }kjk xk;h x;h ^ge ns[ksaxs* dh ,d [kj[kjkrh fjdkWfM±x lqurs gSa % tc vgy&,&li+$k&ejnwn&,&gje elun is fcBk;s tk;saxs lc rkt mNkys tk;saxs lc r[+r fxjk;s tk;saxs ge ns[ksaxs

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ml ikfdLrku eas ipkl gt+kj yksxksa dk pqukSrh&Hkjk vkyki xw¡trk gS % buD+$ykc ft+UnkcknA buD+$ykc ft+UnkcknA brus lkjs cjlksa ckn og vkyki bl taxy eas xw¡trk gSA fdruk vthc gS] dSls&dSls x¡BtksM+ gksrs gSaA x`gea=kh mu yksxksa dks nch&fNih èkefd;k¡ tkjh djrs jgs gSa] tks ^Hkzfer gksdj ekvksokfn;ksa dks ckSf)d vkSj HkkSfrd leFkZu ns jgs gSaA* D;k bD+$cky ckuks dh lk>snkjh blds nk;js esa vkrh gSA Hkksj ds oD+r eSa dkWejsM ekèko vkSj twjh vkSj NksVs e¡xrw vkSj ckD+$h lcls fonk ysrh gw¡A dkWejsM pUnw eksVj lkbfdyksa dk cUnkscLr djus x;k gS vkSj esjs lkFk okil eq[; lM+d rd vk;sxkA dkWejsM uhfr ¼eksLV okW.VsM½ vkSj lq[knso lgt gh ysfdu ,d lkFk viuh ,ds&47 ds ls¶+Vh dSp [kksy ysrs gSaA ;g igyh ckj gS] tc eSaus mUgsa ;g djrs ns[kk gSA ge ^lhek* dh vksj c<+ jgs gSaA ^^D;k vkidks irk gS fd vxj ge ij xksfy;k¡ pyus yxs rks vkidks D;k djuk gS\** lq[knso bRehuku ls iwNrs gSa ekuks ;g nqfu;k dk lcls LokHkkfod iz'u gksA ^^gk¡]** eSaus dgk] ^^i+$kSju vfuf'pr Hkw[k gM+rky dh ?kks"k.kk djukA** os ,d pV~Vku ij cSB x;s vkSj g¡lus yxsA ge yxHkx ?k.Vk Hkj p<+rs jgsA lM+d ds Bhd uhps ge ,d pV~Vkuh vfyUn eas cSB x;s] iwjh rjg fNis vkgr ns'k

gq,] fdlh ?kkr okys ny dh rjg] eksVj lkbfdy dh vkokt+ ij dku yxk;sA tc og vk;sxh] fonkbZ tYnh gksuh pkfg,A yky lyke dkWejsMksA tc eSaus ihNs eqM+ dj ns[kk] os vc Hkh ogha FksA gkFk fgykrs gq,A ,d NksVk&lk lewgA ;s yksx tks vius liuksa ds lkFk thrs gSa] tcfd ckD+$h nqfu;k vius nq%LoIuksa ds lkFk thrh gSA gj jkr eSa bl li+$j ds ckjs eas lksprh gwยกA jkr dk og vkdk'k] taxy ds ekxZA eSa viuh VkWpZ dh jks'kuh ls vkyksfdr dkWejsM deyk dh f?klh pIiyksa eas mldh ,fM+;kยก ns[krh gwยกA eSa tkurh gwยก og py jgh gksxhA D+$ne c<+krh gqbZ] fli+$Z vius fy, ugha] cfYd ge lcds fy, mEehn dks ftyk;s j[kus ds fy,A ekpZ] 2010

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Hkwedky % dkWejsMksa ds lkFk

tks pqjkrk gS cÙk[k iapk;rh t+ehu ls] d+kuwu fj;k;r ugha djrk ml vHkkxs dehu ls ij Nqêk NksM+ nsrk gS cMs+ dehu dks] tks Nhurk gS cÙk[k ls iapk;rh t+ehu dks A –vKkr] baXyS.M] 18211

¼2 tqykbZ] 2010 dh Hkksj ds le;] lqnwj vkfnykckn ds taxyksa esa] vkUèkz izns'k jkT; iqfyl us ps#dqfj jktdqekj uke ds ,d vkneh ds lhus esa xksyh ekj nh tks vius lkfFk;ksa ds chp dkWejsM vkt+kn ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA vkt+kn Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izfrcfUèkr Hkkjr dh dE;wfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekvksoknh½ dk lnL; Fkk vkSj mldh ikVhZ us Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkFk izLrkfor 'kkfUr&okrkZvksa esa vius izeq[k okrkZdkj dh Hkwfedk fuHkkus dh ft+Eesnkjh mls lkSaih FkhA iqfyl us fcydqy D+$jhc ls xksyh nkx dj bldh pqx+yh [kkus okys tyus ds fu'kku D;ksa NksM+s] tcfd og cgqr vklkuh ls vius fd;s dh yhik&iksrh dj ldrh Fkh\ D;k ;g ,d Hkwy Fkh ;k ,d lUns'k\ iqfyl us ml lqcg ,d vkSj vkneh dks Hkh ekjk–gsepUnz ik.Ms; ,d ;qok i=kdkj tks vkt+kn ds lkFk ;k=kk dj jgk Fkk] tc vkt+kn dks fxj¶+rkj fd;k x;kA iqfyl us mls D;ksa ekjk\ D;k bl ckr dks iDdk djus ds fy, fd fD+$Lls dh vlfy;r c;ku djus ds fy, dksbZ xokg ft+Unk u cps\ ;k ;g egt+’ iqfyl dh lud Fkh\ fdlh ;q) ds nkSjku vxj 'kkfUr&okrkZvksa ds vkjfEHkd pj.k esa ,d i{k nwljs i{k ds nwr dks ekj nsrk gS rks ;g ekuuk rdZlaxr gS fd ftl i{k us gR;k dh gS og 'kkfUr ugha pkgrkA cgqr gn rd ;gh yxrk gS fd vkt+kn dh gR;k blfy, dh x;h] D;ksafd fdlh us i+$Slyk fd;k fd nk¡o brus cM+s Fks fd mls ft+Unk ugha jgus fn;k tk ldrk FkkA ;g i+$Slyk fLFkfr;ksa ds ewY;kadu esa ,d xEHkhj Hkwy lkfcr gks ldrk gSA u fli+$Z bl ckr ds en~ns&ut+j fd vkt+kn dkSu Fkk] cfYd vkt fgUnqLrku dh ekStwnk jktuSfrd fi+$t+k dh otg ls HkhA½

lkgch badykc dkWejsMksa ls fonk ysus vkSj n.Mdkj.; ds taxy ls ckgj vkus ds dbZ fnu ckn eSaus [”kqn dks u;h fnYyh ds laln ekxZ ij tUrj eUrj dh rji+$ ,d FkdkÅ vkSj fpj&ifjfpr jkLrk r; djrs gq, ik;kA tUrj eUrj ,d iqjkuh osèk'kkyk gS ftls t;iqj ds egjktk lokbZ t; flag f}rh; us vV~Bkjgoha lnh esa cuok;k FkkA ml t+ekus esa ;g foKku dk ,d dfj'ek Fkk tks le; crkus] ekSle dh vfxze tkudkjh nsus vkSj xzg&u{k=kksa dh xfr vkSj fLFkfr dk irk yxkus ds dke vkrk FkkA vkt ;g ,d vkSlr i;ZVdh; vkd"kZ.k gS ftldk nwljk eD+$ln gS fnYyh esas yksdra=k ds NksVs&ls 'kks&:e dh Hkwfedk vnk djukA

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bèkj dqN cjlksa ls fojksèk&izn'kZuksa ij–vxj os jktuSfrd nyksa ;k èkkfeZd laxBuksa dh ljijLrh esa u gks jgs gksa rksf– nYyh esa ikcUnh yxk nh x;h gSA jktiFk ij cksV Dyc] tks xqt+js gq, fnuksa esa dbZ&dbZ jkst+ rd pyus okyh fo'kky] ,sfrgkfld jSfy;ksa dk lk{kh jgk gS] vc jktuSfrd xfrfofèk ds fy, fuf"k) {ks=k gS vkSj fli+$Z lSj&ri+$jhg] x”qCckjs cspus okyksa vkSj ukSdk fogkfj;ksa ds fy, miyCèk gSA jgk bf.M;k xsV rks ogk¡ eksecÙkh tqywlksa vkSj eè;eoxhZ; mn~n's ;ksa ls fd;s x;s uqek;'kh fojksèk&izn'kZuksa dh btkt+r gSf– elky ds fy, ^tfLVl i+$kWj tsfldk* ¼tsfldk ds fy, bUlki+$½ tks ml ekWMy ds fy, fd;k x;k ftldh gR;k fnYyh ds ,d 'kjkc[kkus esa jktuSfrd lEidZ&lw=kksa okys ,d Bx us dj nh Fkh–exj blls T+;knk vkSj dqN ughaA 'kgj ij èkkjk ƒ†† yxk nh x;h gS] iqjkus mUuhloha lnh ds D+$kuwu dh ;g èkkjk lkoZtfud LFky ij ik¡p ls T+;knk yksxksa ds bdës gksus ij ikcUnh yxkrh gS ftudk ^dksbZ leku mn~ns'; gks tks x+jS &D+$kuwuh gksA* ;g D+$kuwu vaxt sz k’+ as us ƒŠ‡‰ ds fonzkgs ds nksgjk;s tkus dks jksdus ds bjkns ls ƒŠˆ‚ esa ikfjr fd;k FkkA bjknk mls vkikrdkyhu D+$ne ds rkSj ij gh ykxw fd;s tkus dk Fkk] ij vc ;g fgUnqLrku ds dbZ fgLlksa esa LFkk;h :i ls ykxw dj fn;k x;k gSA 'kk;n ,sls gh D+$kuwuksa ds fy, viuh ÑrKrk O;Dr djus ds fy, gekjs izèkku ea=kh us vkWDlQksMZ ls ekun mikfèk xzg.k djrs gq, vaxzst+ksa dk 'kqfØ;k vnk fd;k fd mUgksaus gekjs fy, bruh le`) fojklr NksM+h % ^gekjh U;k;ikfydk] gekjh D+$kuwu O;oLFkk] gekjh ukSdj'kkgh vkSj gekjh iqfyl lHkh egku laLFkk,¡ gSa tks gesa cjrkuoh&fgUnqLrkuh iz'kklu ls izkIr gqbZ gSa vkSj os gekjs vPNs dke vk;h gSaA*2 tUrj eUrj fnYyh dk ,dek=k LFkku gS tgk¡ èkkjk ƒ†† ykxw rks gS] ij tcju vey esa ugha yk;h tkrhA ns'k ds dksus&dksus ls yksx] jktuSfrd nyksa vkSj ehfM;k dh mis{kk ls rax vkdj] ogk¡ bdës gksrs gSa] f'kn~nr ls mEehn djrs gq, fd dksbZ lquokbZ gksxhA dqN yksx yEch&yEch jsy&;k=kk,¡ djds vk;s gSaA dqN] tSls Hkksiky xSl dk.M ds f'kdkj yksxksa us] g¶rksa iSny py dj fnYyh dh nwjh r; dh gSA gkyk¡fd mUgsa tyrs gq, ¼;k ci+$Z&ljh[ks½ i”q$VikFk ij lcls vPNh txg gkfly djus ds fy, ,d&nwljs ls yM+uk iM+k Fkk] gky ds fnuksa rd fojksèk izn'kZudkfj;ksa dks] tc rd os pkgrs] tUrj eUrj ij rEcw yxk dj fVds jgus dh btkt+r Fkh–g¶+rks]a eghuks]a ;gk¡ rd fd cjlksa rdA iqfyl vkgr ns'k

vkSj Lis'ky czkap dh nqHkkZouk&Hkjh fuxkgksa ds lkeus os vius cnjax 'kkfe;kus vkSj cSuj yxkrsA ;gk¡ ls os] vius Kkiu tkjh djds] vius fojksèk&izn'kZu dh ;kstuk,¡ ?kksf"kr djds vkSj vfuf'prdkyhu Hkw[k&gM+rkyksa ij cSB dj] yksdra=k esa viuk fo'okl izdV djrsA ;gk¡ ls os laln Hkou rd tqywl fudkyus dh dksf'k'k djrs ¼ij dHkh lQy u gksrs½A ;gha cSB dj os mEehn djrsA ysfdu gky esa vycÙkk yksdra=k dh le;&lkfj.kh cny x;h gSA vc iwjh rjg n¶+rjh gkft+jh ds fglkc ls dke gksus yxk gSu– kS ls ik¡p rdA dksbZ vksojVkbe ughaA dksbZ jrtxk ughaA blls dksbZ i+$D+$Z ugha iM+rk fd yksx fdrus nwj&njkt ds bykD+$ksa ls vk;s gSa] dksbZ i+$D+$Z ugha fd muds ikl 'kgj esa dksbZ vkljk ugha gSv – xj os 'kke ds Ng cts rd pys ugha tkrs] rks mUgsa tcju gVk fn;k tkrk gS] t+:jr iM+s rks iqfyl }kjk] vkSj vxj gkykr dkcw ls ckgj gks tk;sa rks ykfB;ksa vkSj ikuh dh rst+ ckSNkjksa }kjkA ;g u;h le;&lkfj.kh t+kfgjk rkSj ij blfy, ykxw dh x;h Fkh fd 2010 ds jk"Vªªe.Myh; [ksy] ftudh est+ckuh fnYyh dj jgh gS] fcuk fo?u&ckèkk ds lEiUu gks tk;saA ysfdu fdlh dks Hkh iqjkuh le;&lkfj.kh ds tYnh cgky gksus dh mEehn ugha gSA 'kk;n ;g gkykr ds eqrkfcd equkflc gh gS fd gekjs yksdra=k ds cps&[kqps fgLls dk lkSnk ,sls lekjksg dh ,ot+ esa dj fy;k tk;s tks crkZuoh lkezkT; dk t'u eukus ds fy, 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA 'kk;n ;g mfpr gh gS fd 4]00]000 yksxksa dks jkrksa&jkr 'kgj&cnj dj fn;k tk;s vkSj cgqrksa dks vius ?kjksa ds mtM+us dk lk{kh cuuk iM+sA3 ;k lqizhe dksVZ ds gqDe ij yk[kksa Qsjhokyksa vkSj lM+d&fdukjs lkSnk cspus okyksa ls mudh jkst+h&jksVh Nhu yh tk;s rkfd 'kgj ds ekWy muds cf.kt&O;kikj dks gM+i ysaA4 vkSj gt+kjksa fHk[kkfj;ksa dks 'kgj ds ckgj ni+$k dj fn;k tk;s vkSj blh ds lkFk ,d yk[k ls T+;knk x”qykeksa dks 'kgj ds ¶+ykbZ vksoj] esVªks lqjaxsa] vksfyfEid vkdkj ds rj.k&rky] vH;kl ds LVsfM;e vkSj f[kykfM+;ksa ds fy, 'kkuks&'kkSdr okyh fjgkb'kh bekjrsa cukus ds fy, 'kgj ds ckgj ls idM+ cqyk;k tk;sA5 Hkys gh iqjkus lkezkT; dk vc dksbZ otwn u jg x;k gksA ysfdu izdV gh x”qykeh dh gekjh ijEijk bruh ykHknk;d gks x;h gS fd mls [kRe djuk lEHko ughaA eSa tUrj eUrj ij blfy, ekStwn Fkh D;ksafd ns'k Hkj ds 'kgjksa esa i”q$VikFkksa ij jgus okys ,d gt+kj yksx dqN ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh ek¡x ysdj lkgch badykc

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vk;s gq, Fks % vkljs dk] [kkus ¼jk'ku dkMks±½ dk] thou ¼iqfyl ds mRihM+u vkSj uxj ikfydkvksa ds vi+$ljksa dh x+Sj&D+$kuwuh olwyh ls j{kk½ dk vfèkdkjA ml fnu èkwi rh[kh Fkh] exj vc Hkh lH; vkSj f'k"VA fojksèk izn'kZu dh egd dki+$h nwj ls gh eglwl dh tk ldrh Fkh–;g dguk Hk;kud vkSj Øwjrkiw.kZ gS] ij ;g lp Fkk % og ,d gt+kj bUlkuh ftLeksa dh bdëk xUèk Fkh ftUgsa vekuoh; cuk fn;k x;k Fkk] vkthou ugha rks de&ls&de cjlksa rd LokLF; vkSj lki+$&li+$kbZ dh ekuoh; ¼;k i'kqvksa dh Hkh½ cqfu;knh t+:jrksa ls oafpr j[kk x;k FkkA ftLe tks gekjs cM+s 'kgjksa ds dpjs esa fyFkM+s jgs Fks] ftLe ftuds ikl ekSle dh lf[+r;ksa ls cpus dh dksbZ lwjr ugha Fkh] ftudh dksbZ igq¡p lki+$ ikuh] lki+$ gok] 'kkjhfjd LoPNrk vkSj fpfdRlk rd ugha FkhA bl egku ns'k dk dksbZ bykD+$k] rFkkdfFkr izxfr'khy ;kstukvksa esa ls dksbZ ;kstuk] dksbZ Hkh 'kgjh laLFkk mUgsa vkljk nsus ds mn~ns'; ls ugha cuk;h x;h FkhA u rks tokgjyky usg: jk"Vªªh; uxj iquuZohdj.k fe'ku] u dksbZ vkSj efyu cLrh fodkl vkSj jkst+xkj lqfuf'pr djus okyh ;k dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukA ;gk¡ rd fd ey&fu"dklu ra=k Hkh ughao– s lhost ikbiksa ds Åij cSB dj gxrs gSaA os mu njkjksa esa jgus okys Nk;k izk.kh gSa tks ;kstukvksa vkSj laLFkkvksa esas iM+ x;h gSaA os lM+dksa ij jgrs gSa] lM+dksa ij [kkrs gSa] lM+dksa ij lEHkksx djrs gSa] lM+dksa ij cPps iSnk djrs gSa] lM+dksa ij cykRdkj dk f'kdkj gksrs gSa] viuh lCt+h&rjdkjh dkVrs gSa] diM+s èkksrs gSa] cPpksa dks ikyrs&ikslrs gSa] lM+dksa ij gh thrs gSa vkSj lM+dksa ij gh ej tkrs gSaA vxj pyfp=k ,slk dyk :i gksrk ftlesa lw¡?kus dh fgl dk Hkh n[ky gksrk–nlw js 'kCnksa esa vxj fi+$Yeksa ls egd Hkh vkrh–rks LyeMkWx fefy;usvj tSlh fi+$Yesa dHkh vkWLdj iqjLdkj u thr ikrhaA xje ikWi dkWuZ dh lqxUèk ls ml fD+$Le dh x+jhch dh nqxZUèk dk esy dHkh u gks ikrkA ml fnu tUrj eUrj ij fojksèk izn'kZu esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, vk;s yksx LyeMkWx> – ksia M+&iV~Vh ds dqÙksH– kh ugha Fks] os i”$q VikFkksa ij jgus okys yksx FksA dkSu Fks os\ dgk¡ ls vk;s Fks os\ os ^bf.M;k 'kkbfuax* ¼Hkkjr mn;½ ds 'kj.kkFkhZ Fks] ,sls yksx tks ixyk x;h mRiknu izfØ;k ds t+gjhys fjlko dh rjg ;gk¡ ls ogk¡ Nydk;s tk jgs FksA os mu NS djksM+ ls T+;knk yksxksa ds izfrfufèk Fks ftUgsa xzkeh.k nfjnzrk us] èkhes&èkhes xzlus okyh Hkq[kejh us] ¼vfèkdrj euq"; vkgr ns'k

fufeZr ½ ck<+ vkSj lw[ks us] [knkuksa us] bLikr dkj[+kkuksa vkSj ,sY;wfefu;e xykus okys ;a=kksa us] jktekxks± vkSj ,Dlizsl iFkksa us] vkt+knh ds ckn cuk;s x;s ……00 cM+s ck¡èkksa us vkSj vc fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa ¼lst½ us foLFkkfir dj fn;k gSA os fgUnqLrku ds mu Š…-6 djksM+ yksxksa esa 'kkfey gSa tks chl #i;s jkst+kuk ls Hkh de esa xqt+kjk djrs gSa] tks Hkw[ks ejrs gSa tcfd yk[kksa Vu vukt ;k rks ljdkjh xksnkeksa esa pwgksa dh ut+j gks tkrk gS ;k Fkksd esa tyk fn;k tkrk gS ¼D;ksafd x+jhcksa esa vukt ck¡Vus ls mls tykuk T+;knk lLrk gSA½6 os gekjs ns'k esa dqiks"k.k dk f'kdkj nfl;ksa yk[k cPpksa ds] ik¡p cjl dh mej ls igys gh ej tkus okys 15 yk[k cPpksa ds] ekrk&firk gSaA7 os mu yk[kksa yksxksa esa ls gSa tks et+nwjksa ds tRFkksa dh 'kDy esa 'kgj&nj&'kgj ^u;s Hkkjr* ds fuekZ.k ds fy, èkdsys tk jgs gSaA D;k blh dks ^vkèkqfud fodkl ds Qyksa ls ykHk mBkuk* dgrs gS\a D;k lksprs gksaxs ;s yksx ml ljdkj ds ckjs esa tks turk ds iSlksa ls 6000 djksM+ Mkyj ¼ewy vuqekfur [+kpZ 10 djksM+ MkWyj Fkk½ egt+ nks g¶+rksa rd pyus okys [ksy lekjksg ij [+kpZ djuk equkflc le> jgh gS ftlesa] vkradokn] eysfj;k] Msaxw vkSj u;h fnYyh ds u;s t+gjhys dhM+s ds Mj ls] cgqr&ls vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ds f[kykfM+;ksa us fgLlk ysus ls budkj dj fn;k gS\8 ftldh vè;{krk djus dk [+k;ky jk"Vªeª .My dh vkSipkfjd ize[q k–bXa yS.M dh egkjkuh–dks vius lcls x+jS &ft+Eesnkj liuksa esa Hkh ugha vk ldrkA os bl rF; ds ckjs esa D;k lkspsaxs fd jktusrkvksa vkSj [ksy vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk fo'kky jkf'k;k¡ pqjk dj viuh v.Vh esa l¡tks yh x;h gSa\ esjs [+k;ky esa T+;knk ughaA D;ksafd tks yksx chl #i;s jkst+ ls Hkh de ij xqt+kjk djrs gSa mUgsa rks ml iSekus dh jD+$esa ifj;ksa dh dgkfu;ksa ljh[kh yxrh gksaxhA mUgsa rks 'kk;n ;g [+kkcks&[+k;ky Hkh ugha gksxk fd ;g mudk iSlk gSA ;gh otg gS fd Hkz"V usrkvksa dks yksxksa ls pqjk;s x;s iSls ls pqukoh [+kjhn&Qjks[+r djds] èkM+Yys ls lÙkk esa ykSVus esa dksbZ fnD+D+$r ugha gksrhA ¼fQj os jks"k dk ukVd djds iwNrs gSa] ^ekvksoknh pqukoksa esa D;ksa ugha [kM+s gksrs\*½ ml [kqys&f[kys fnu tUrj eUrj ij [kM+s gksdj eSaus mu reke la?k"kks± ds ckjs esa lkspk tks yksxksa }kjk bl ns'k esa fd;s tk jgs gSa %–ueZnk ?kkVh] iksykoje] v#.kkpy izns'k esa cM+s ck¡èkksa ds f[+kyki+$( mM+hlk] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj >kj[k.M esa lkgch badykc

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ikjknhi dk gkbos] D;ksa>kj] mM+hlk] 2005 yky èkwy vkids uFkquksa vkSj QsQM+ksa esa Hkj tkrh gSA ikuh yky gS] gok yky gS] yksx yky gSa] muds QsQM+s vkSj cky yky gSaA lkjk fnu] lkjh jkr Vªd muds xk¡oksa ls ?kM+?kM+krs gq, xqt+jrs gSa] cEij&ls&cEij lVk;s] gt+kjksa&gt+kjksa Vªd] yksgs ds pwjs dks ikjknhi ys tkrs gq,] tgk¡ ls og phu tk;sxkA ogk¡ ;g rCnhy gksxk–dkjksa vkSj èkq,¡ vkSj jkrksa&jkr mHkj dj [kM+s gks tkus okys vuisf{kr uxjksa esaA

cks/k?kkV ck¡/k dk fojks/k] n.Mdkj.;] 2010 os mu Ng djksM+ ls T+;knk yksxksa ds izfrfufèk Fks ftUgsa xzkeh.k nfjnzrk us] èkhes&èkhes xzlus okyh Hkq[kejh us] ¼vfèkdrj euq"; fufeZr½ ck<+ vkSj lw[ks us] [knkuksa us] bLikr dkj[”kkuksa vkSj ,sY;wfefu;e xykus okys ;U=kksa us] jktekxks± vkSj ,Dlizsl iFkksa us] vkt+knh ds ckn cuk;s x;s ……00 cM+s ck¡èkksa us vkSj vc fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa us foLFkkfir dj fn;k gSA

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[knkuksa ds f[+kyki+$( ykyx<+ ds vkfnokfl;ksa }kjk iqfyl ds f[+kyki+$( ns'k Hkj esa m|ksxksa vkSj ^fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa* ds fy, mudh t+ehusa Nhuus ds f[+kyki+$A fdrus cjlksa rd vkSj fdrus rjho+$ksa ls yksxksa us Bhd ,slh gh fu;fr ls cpus ds fy, tn~nks&tsgn dh gSA eSaus vius dUèkksa ij cUnwdsa yVdk;s ekls] ueZnk] :ih] uhfr] e¡xrw] ekèko] ljkstk] jktw] xqMlk mls.Mh vkSj dkWejsM deyk ¼ekvksokfn;ksa ds lkFk taxy esa fcrk;s fnuksa ds nkSjku esjs ;qok vaxj{kdksa ½ ds ckjs esa lkspkA eSaus ml ou&izkUrj dh egku xfjek ds ckjs esa lkspk tgk¡ eSaus dqN gh fnu igys iSny ;k=kk dh Fkh vkSj lkspk vkØks'k ls Hkjs ns'k dh rst+ gksrh gqbZ uCt ds lkm.M&VªSd ljh[kh cLrj esa Hkwedky mRlo ds vkfnoklh uxkM+ksa dh y; ds ckjs esaA eSaus in~ek ds ckjs esa lkspk ftlds lkFk eSa okjaxy rd x;h FkhA og vHkh rhl ds isVs gh esa gS] ysfdu tc og lhf<+;k¡ p<+rh gS rks mls gRFkk idM+ dj vius 'kjhj dks vius ihNs ?klhV dj p<+kuk iM+rk gSA tc mls fxj¶+rkj fd;k x;k Fkk mlds Bhd ,d g¶+rk igys gh mldk visf.MDl dk vkWijs'ku gqvk FkkA mls rc rd ihVk x;k tc rd fd mlds 'kjhj ds Hkhrj [+kwu ugha fjlus yxkA mlds dbZ vUn:uh vax dkV dj fudkyus iM+s FksA tc iqfylokyksa us mlds ?kqVus rksM+s rks mUgksaus mls fnyklk nsrs gq, crk;k fd os ,slk ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, dj jgs Fks rkfd og ^fQj ls taxy esa u py ldsA* mls vkB lky dh lt+k dkVus ds ckn NksM+k x;kA vc og ^ve#yk cUèkq fe=kqyk lfefr* ;kuh 'kghnksa ds fe=kksa vkSj fj'rsnkjksa dh lfefr dk lapkyu djrh gSA ;g lfefr >wBh eqBHksM+ksa esa ekjs x;s yksxksa dh yk'kksa dks okil ykus dk dke djrh gSA in~ek viuk le; vkUèkz izns'k ds mÙkjh fgLls esa ;k=kk djrs gq, fcrkrh gS] tks Hkh lkèku mls miyCèk gks mlls] vke rkSj ij VªSDVj esa] yksxksa ds 'koksa dks <ksdj muds ekrk&firk ;k ifRu;ksa rd igq¡pkrh gqbZ tks brus x+jhc gSa fd vius fiz;tuksa ds 'kjhjksa dks okil ykus ds fy, fdjk;k Hkh ugha [+kpZ dj ldrsA tks yksx cjlksa ls] n'kdksa ls] cnyko] ;k fQj viuh ft+Unfx;ksa esa U;k; dh egt+ ,d QqlQqlkgV ykus ds fy, yM+ jgs gSa] mudh yxu] vD+yeUnh vkSj lkgl ,d vlkèkkj.k pht+ gSA pkgs yksx Hkkjrh; jkT; dk r[+rk iyVus ds fy, yM+ jgs gksa ;k cM+s ck¡èkksa ds f[+kyki+$ yM+ jgs gksa ;k i+$D+$r fdlh [+kkl vkgr ns'k

bLikr dkj[+kkus ;k [knku ;k fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k ds f[+kyki+$ yM+ jgs gksa] cqfu;knh ckr ;g gS fd os vius lEeku vkSj xfjek dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgs gSa] euq";ksa dh rjg thus vkSj egdus ds vfèkdkj ds fy, yM+ jgs gSaA os yM+ jgs gSa] D;ksafd tgk¡ rd mudk loky gS] ^vkèkqfud fodkl ds Qy* tuSZyh lM+d ds fdukjs eqnkZ eosf'k;ksa dh rjg x¡èkkrs gSaA z

fgUnqLrku dh vkt+knh dh frjlBoha lkyfxjg ij izèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag jk"Vªª ds uke ,d Hkkoghu] B.Mk vkSj vR;Ur rqPN Hkk"k.k nsus ds fy,] yky fD+$ys esa vius cqysV&izwi+$ fMCcs esa p<+sA mUgsa lqurs gq, dkSu dYiuk dj ldrk Fkk fd os ,d ,sls ns'k dks lEcksfèkr dj jgs Fks tgk¡] nqfu;k dh nwljh lcls Å¡ph fodkl nj gksus ds ckotwn] fli+$Z vkB jkT;ksa esa viz+$hdk ds „ˆ lcls x+jhc ns'kksa dh dqy tula[;k ls T+;knk x+jhc yksx gSaA9 ^vki lHkh us Hkkjr dh lQyrk esa ;ksxnku fn;k gS]* mUgksaus dgk] ^gekjs et+nwjksa] gekjs dkjhxjksa] gekjs fdlkuksa dh dM+h esgur us ns'k dks ogk¡ yk [kM+k fd;k gS tgk¡ og vkt [kM+k gS---ge ,d u;k Hkkjr cuk jgs gSa ftlesa gj ukxfjd dk fgLlk gksxk] ,slk Hkkjr tks [”kq'kgky gksxk vkSj ftlesa lHkh ukxfjd 'kkfUr vkSj HkkbZ&pkjs ds okrkoj.k esa lEeku vkSj xfjek dh ft+Unxh th ldsaxsA ,slk Hkkjr ftlesa lkjh leL;k,¡ yksdrkaf=kd rjho+$ksa ls gy dh tk ldsaxhA ,slk Hkkjr ftlesa gj ukxfjd ds cqfu;knh vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk gksxhA*10 dqN yksx bls yk'k ij cSB dj dh x;h fBBksyh D+$jkj nsaxsA fdlh dks yx ldrk Fkk fd os fi+$uyS.M ;k LohMu dh turk dks lEcksfèkr dj jgs FksA vxj ^O;fDrxr fu"Bk* ds flyflys esa gekjs izèkku ea=kh dh 'kksgjr muds Hkk"k.kksa ds 'kCnksa esa izdV gksrh rks mUgsa ;g dguk pkfg, Fkk % ^Hkkb;ks vkSj cguks] bl jkst+ tc ge vius efgek'kkyh vrhr dks ;kn djrs gSa] vki lcdks 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A eSa tkurk gw¡ fd pht+sa FkksM+h eg¡xh gksrh tk jgh gSa] vkSj vki yksx [kkus dh pht+ksa dh D+$herksa ds ckjs esa gk;&rkSck djrs jgrs gSAa ysfdu bls bl rjg nsf[k,–vki esa ls 65 djksM+ ls T+;knk yksx fdlkuksa ;k fdlku&et+nwjksa dh gSfl;r esa [ksrh esa lkgch badykc

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tqVs gq, gSa ;k mlls vkthfodk pyk jgs gSa] ysfdu vkidh dqy dksf'k'kksa dk ;ksx gekjs ldy mRikn dk 18 i+$hlnh ls Hkh de Bgjrk gSA lks] D;k i+$k;nk gS vkidk\ gekjs lwpuk rduhd–vkbZ Vh–ds {ks=k dks nsf[k,A mlesa gekjh 0-2 i+$hlnh vkcknh yxh gqbZ gS vkSj og gekjh jk"Vªªh; vk; dk 5 i+$hlnh gesa dek dj nsrk gSA11 D;k vki bldk eqdkcyk dj ldrs gSa\ ;g lp gS fd gekjs ns'k esa jkst+xkj us fodkl dh j¶+rkj dk lkFk ugha fn;k gS] ysfdu [+kq'kfD+$Lerh ls gekjs dke djusokyksa dk 60 i+$hlnh ls T+;knk fgLlk Lo&jkst+xkj esa yxk gqvk gSA12 gekjs et+nwjksa dk 90 i+$hlnh fgLlk vlaxfBr {ks=k esa dke dj jgk gSA13 ;g lp gS fd mUgsa lky esa dqN gh eghus jkst+xkj fey ikrk gS] ysfdu pw¡fd gekjs ;gk¡ vYi&jkst+xkj&izkIr* tSlh dksbZ dksfV ugha gS] ge bl fgLls dks FkksM+k xksy&eksy gh j[krs gSaA mUgsa [kkrs esa ^csjkst+xkj* ds rkSj ij ntZ djuk equkflc ugha gksxkA mu vk¡dM+ksa ij fopkj djrs gq, ftuds vuqlkj f'k'kqvksa vkSj ekrkvksa dh e`R;q&nj gekjs ;gk¡ nqfu;k esa lcls T+;knk gS] gesa ,d jk"Vªª ds :i esa ,drkc) gksuk pkfg, vkSj fi+$ygky cqjh [+kcj dks ut+jUnkt+ dj nsuk pkfg,A bu leL;kvksa ij ge ckn esa è;ku dsfUnzr dj ldrs gSa] viuh fjlusokyh ØkfUr ds ckn] tc LokLF; lsokvksa dk iwjh rjg futhdj.k gks tk;sxkA bl chp] eq>s mEehn gS vki lc yksx fpfdRlk lEcUèkh chek [+kjhn jgs gksaxsA jgh bl rF; dh ckr fd [kkus ds vukt dh izfr&O;fDr miyCèkrk njvly fiNys chl cjlksa esa ?kV x;h gSt – ks la;ksx ls gekjs lcls xfr'khy vkfFkZd fodkl dk dky jgk gSr– ks esjk ;D+$hu dhft,] ;g egt+ bÙki+$kD+$ gSA 14 ^esjs lkFkhs ukxfjdks] ge ,d u;s fgUnqLrku dk fuekZ.k dj jgs gSa ftlesa gekjs lkS lcls vehj yksxksa dh dqy lEifÙk gekjs ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dk ,d&pkSFkkbZ fgLlk gSA15 de&ls&derj gkFkksa esa nkSyr dk tek gksuk ges'kk dq'kyrk dks c<+krk gSA vki lcus og dgkor lqu j[kh gS ^ftrus diM+s mruk ikyk] ftruk dquck mruk eqdkykA* ge vius nqykjs vjcifr;ksa] vius dqN lkS djksM+ifr;ksa] muds HkkbZ&Hkrhtksa&fj'rsnkjksa vkSj muds jktuSfrd vkSj O;kolkf;d lg;ksfx;ksa dks [”kq'kgky ns[kuk pkgrs gSa vkSj pkgrs gSa fd os viuh ft+Unfx;k¡ 'kkfUr vkSj HkkbZpkjs ds okrkoj.k vkgr ns'k

esa lEeku vkSj xfjek ls xqt+kjsa ftlesa muds cqfu;knh vfèkdkj lqjf{kr jgsaA16 ^eq>s vkHkkl gS fd esjs lius dsoy yksdrkaf=kd mik; bLrseky djds iwjs ugha gks ldrsA njvly] eSa ;g fo'okl djus yxk gw¡ fd vlyh yksdra=k cUnwd dh uyh ls fudyrk gSA ;gh otg gS fd geus i+$kSt] iqfyl] dsUnzh; lqj{kk cy] lhek lqj{kk cy] dsUnzh; vkS|ksfxd lqj{kk cy] izknsf'kd l'kL=k iqfyl&cy] Hkkjr&frCcr lhek lqj{kk cy] iwohZ lhek jkbi+$Yl ds lkFk&lkFk LdkWfiZ;u] xzsgkm.M vkSj dksczk tSls cyksa dks rSukr dj fn;k gS] rkfd os mu HkVdh gqbZ cx+korksa dks dqpy ldsa tks gekjs [kfut&le`) byko+$ksa esa QwV jghs gSaA ^yksdra=k ds lkFk gekjk iz;ksx uxkyS.M] ef.kiqj vkSj d'ehj esa 'kq: gqvkA d'ehj] eq>s nksgjkus dh t+:jr ugha] fgUnqLrku dk v[k.M fgLlk gSA geus ogk¡ yksxksa dks yksdra=k dh lkSx+kr nsus ds fy, 5 yk[k ls T+;knk i+$kSth rSukr fd;s gSaA os d'ehjh ;qod tks fiNys nks eghuksa ls d¶+;Zw dk mYya?ku djds vkSj iqfylokyksa ij iFkjko djds viuh tku tksf[ke esa Mkyrs jgs gSa] y'dj&,&rS;ck ds ejthoM+s gSa tks njvly vkt+knh ugha] jkst+xkj pkgrs gSaA vi+$lksl] blls igys fd ge ukSdfj;ksa ds fy, mudh vft+Z;k¡ i<+ ikrs] muesa ls lkB viuh tkusa xok¡ cSBs gSaA eSaus vc ls iqfyl dks fgnk;r ns nh gS fd bu HkVds gq, ukStokuksa dks ekjus ds fy, ugha] ?kk;y djus ds fy, xksfy;k¡ pyk;saA* vius lkr lky ds dk;Zdky esa eueksgu flag us [”kqn dks lksfu;k xk¡èkh ds oD+rh] uje&fet+kt okys fiV~Bw ds :i esa <y tkus fn;k gSA ;g ml vkneh ds fy, lcls eqi+$hn Hksl gS ftlus fiNys chl cjlksa ds nkSjku igys foÙk ea=kh ds :i esa vkSj fQj izèkku ea=kh dh gSfl;r ls u;h vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa ds ,sls fut+ke dks cyiwoZd vkxs c<+k;k gS tks fgUnqLrku dks ml ifjfLFkfr esa ys vk;k gS ftlesa ns'k [”kqn dks vc ik jgk gSA bldk vfHkizk; ;g ugha gS fd eueksgu flag fiV~Bw ugha gSaA egt+ ;g fd muds lkjs vkns'k lksfu;k xk¡èkh ls ugha vkrsA viuh vkRedFkk ^izkVllZ Vsy* ¼,d izykih dk fD+$Llk½–eas if'pe caxky ds iwoZ foÙk ea=kh] v'kksd fe=k us eueksgu flag ds lÙkk esa vkus dh dgkuh dk lkgch badykc

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viuk c;ku is'k fd;k gSA17 1991 esa] tc fgUnqLrku dk fons'kh eqnzk Hk.Mkj [+krjukd <ax ls ?kV x;k Fkk rks ih-oh- ujflag jko ljdkj us ^vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k* ls vkikrdkyhu D+$t+Z dh n[+okZLr dh FkhA eqnzk dks"k nks 'krks± ij jkt+h gqvk FkkA igyh Fkh <k¡pkxr Qsj&cny vkSj vkfFkZd lqèkkjA vkSj nwljh Fkh ,slk foÙk ea=kh ftls eqnzk dks"k us pquk gksA ;g vkneh] v'kksd fe=k ds vuqlkj] eueksgu flag FksA bu o"kks± ds nkSjku eueksgu flag us vius eaf=ke.My vkSj ukSdj'kkgh dks ,sls yksxksa ls Hkj fy;k gS tks èkkfeZd fu"Bk ls gj pht+ dks cM+s iw¡thifr;ksa ds D+$Ct+s esa nsus ds fy, dfVc) gSa %–ikuh] fctyh] [kfut] [ksrh] t+ehu] nwjlapkj] f'k{kk] LokLF;–pkgs blds urhts tks Hkh gksAa lksfu;k xk¡èkh vkSj mudk csVk] nksuksa] bl lc esa ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrs gSaA mudk dke ^d#.kk vkSj dfj'es dk foHkkx* pykuk vkSj pquko thruk gSA mUgsa ,sls fu.kZ; djus ¼vkSj Js; Hkh ysus½ dh NwV gS tks izxfr'khy tku iM+rs gSa] ij vly esa izrhdkRed vkSj j.kuhfrd gSa] ftudk mn~ns'; tu&lkèkkj.k ds vkØks'k dh èkkj dks xksfBy djuk vkSj ljdkj ds cM+s tgkt+ dks pkyw j[kuk gSA ¼bldk lc ls rkt+krjhu uewuk ml jSyh esa ns[kus dks feyk ftls jkgqy xk¡èkh ds fy, vk;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk rkfd os fu;efxfj dh igkfM+;ksa esa osnkUr dks ckWDlkbV ds [kuu dh btkt+r ds jn~n fd;s tkus dk fot; lekjksg euk ldsasA ;g ogh yM+kbZ gS ftls Mksaxfj;k dksaM vkfnoklh vkSj LFkkuh; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; dk;ZdrkZvksa dk lewg cjlksa ls yM+ jgk gSA jSyh esa jkgqy xk¡èkh us ,syku fd;k fd os ^vkfnoklh yksxksa ds ,d flikgh* gSaA18 mUgksaus bl ckr dk ft+Ø ugha fd;k fd mudh ikVhZ dh vkfFkZd uhfr;k¡ vkfnoklh leqnk; ds lkewfgd foLFkkiu dk izfriknu gh ugha djrha] ml ij fVdh Hkh gqbZ gSaA ;k fQj ;g fd ikl&iM+ksl ds gj nwljs ckWDlkbV&le`) fxfj ¼ioZr½ dks [kuu djds csrgk'kk [kks[kyk fd;k tk jgk gS] ftl chp ;g ^vkfnokfl;ksa dk flikgh* viuh ut+jsa fdlh nwljh rji+$ Qsjs gq, gSA jkgqy xk¡èkh 'kjhQ vkneh gks ldrs gS]a ysfdu muds fy, ^nks fgUnqLrkuks*a v – ehjksa dk fgUnqLrku* vkSj ^x+jhcksa dk fgUnqLrku* dk vkyki djrs ?kwers jguk viuh cqf) ds lkFk&lkFk lcdh cqf) dk vieku djuk gS] ekuks ftl ikVhZ dk os izfrfufèkRo djrs gSa] mldk bl esa dksbZ gkFk ugha gSA vkgr ns'k

yksdra=k dh Hk¡M+Srh dks tkjh j[kus ds fy, pquko thrus okys vkSj tukèkkj&lEiUu usrkvksa vkSj mu yksxksa ds chp–tks okLro esa ns'k dks pykrs gSa] ysfdu ;k rks ftUgsa ¼U;k;kèkh'kksa vkSj ukSdj'kkgksa dks½ pquko thrus dh t+:jr ugha gksrh ;k fQj ftUgsa ,slk djus dh cfUn'kksa ls eqDr dj fn;k x;k gS ¼tSls gekjs izèkkuea=kh½–Je dk c¡Vokjk yksdrkaf=kd ifjikVh esa yxk;h x;h vpwd lsaèk gSA ;g dYiuk djuk Hkwy gksxh fd ljdkj dh ckx&Mksj lksfu;k xk¡èkh ;k jkgqy xk¡èkh ds gkFk esa gSA vlyh lÙkk dqyhu vYira=k ¼U;k;kèkh'kksa] usrkvksa vkSj ukSdj'kkgksa½ dh ,d p.Mky&pkSdM+h ds gkFkksa esa pyh x;h gSA vius rb± bu yksxksa dks] jsl ds vlyh ?kksM+ksa dh rjg] os fxus&pqus fuxe pykrs gSa tks deks&cs'k iwjs ns'k dh gj pht+ ds ekfyd gSaA os Hkys gh vyx&vyx jktuSfrd nyksa ls vkrs gksa vkSj jktuSfrd fojksèkh gksus dh ukSVadh djrs gksa] ysfdu ;g turk dh vk¡[kksa esa èkwy >ksadus dh pkysa gSaA vlyh d'ked'k FkSyh'kkgksa ds chp èkUèks dh Nhu&>iV gSA bl p.Mky&pkSdM+h ds ,d ofj"B lnL; ih- fpnEcje gSa] ftuds ckjs esa dqN yksx dgrs gSa fd os izfri{kh nyksa ds brus pgsrs gSa fd vxj dk¡xzsl vxyk pquko gkj Hkh tk;s rks Hkh os x`gea=kh cus jgsaxsA ,d rjhdss ls 'kk;n ;g muds fy, ykft+eh Hkh gksxk] D;ksafd mUgsa tks dke muds vkdkvksa us lkSaik gS mls iwjk djus ds fy, mUgsa gks ldrk gS vius in ij dqN vkSj lky cus jguk iM+sA ysfdu os jgrs gSa ;k tkrs gSa blls dksbZ i+$D+$Z ugha iM+us okykA ik¡ls rks Qsads tk pqds gSaA vius iqjkus fo'ofo|ky;] gkoZMZ] esa ,d O;k[;ku nsrs gq, vDrwcj 2007 esa fpnEcje us bl ft+Eesnkjh dk [+kkdk is'k fd;k FkkA O;k[;ku dk 'kh"kZd Fkk % ^x+jhc vehj ns'k % fodkl dh pqukSfr;k¡A*19 mUgksaus vkt+knh ds ckn ds rhu n'kdksa dks ^x¡ok fn;s x;s o"kZ* dgk Fkk vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn nj dh Mhax gk¡dh Fkh tks 2002 esa 6-9 i+$hlnh ls Åij mB dj 2007 esa 9-4 i+$hlnh gks x;h FkhA mUgksaus tks dgk Fkk og esjs fy, bruk egRoiw.kZ gS fd eSa muds csLokn x| ds ,d va'k dks i<+us dk n.M vkidks Hkh ns jgh gw¡ % ^dksbZ lksprk gksxk fd tSls&tSls vFkZ&O;oLFkk ,d Å¡ph o`f)&nj dh vksj vxzlj gksxh] fodkl dh pqukSfr;k¡,– d yksdra=k esm–a ÙkjksÙkj de mxz gksrh tk;saxhA vlfy;r blls fcydqy myV gSA yksdra=k lkgch badykc

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Hkwfe esa tgjhyk cgko] neutksM+h] mM+hlk flQZ mM+hlk dh ckWDlkbV HkaMkjksa dk ewY; 40 [kjc MkWyj gS ¼Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds nks xqus ls Hkh T;knk½---bl ij ljdkj vkSipkfjd :i ls 7 izfr'kr ls Hkh de jkW;YVh ikrh gSA

tgjhyh gok] nkeutksM+h] mM+hlk ckWDlkbV dk [kuu djus vkSj mls ,sY;wfefu;e esa cnyus dk ,slk dksbZ rjho+$k ugha ftlesa i;kZoj.k&vuqdwyrk gksA og csgn t+gjhyh izfĂ&#x2DC;;k gS ftls T+;knkrj if'peh ns'kksa us fu;kZr djds vius ns'k ds ckgj dj fn;k gSA

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;k dgk tk;s fd yksdrkaf=kd laLFkkvksa vkSj lektoknh ;qx dh fojklr–us okLro esa fodkl dh pqukSfr;k¡ c<+k nh gSAa eq>s dqN felkyksa ls bls le>kus dh btkt+r nhft,A fgUnqLrku dh [kfut lEink esa dks;yk ¼nqfu;k dk pkSFkk lcls cM+k Hk.Mkj½] dPpk yksgk] eSaxuht+] ekbdk] ckWDlkbV] dPpk VkbVSfu;e] ØksekbV] ghjk] izkÑfrd xSl] isVªksfy;e vkSj pwus dh [knkusa gSaA lkekU; Kku gesa crkrk gS fd gesa tYnh vkSj dkS'kyiw.kZ <ax ls budk [kuu djuk pkfg,A bl dke esa Hkkjh iw¡th fuos'k] dq'ky laxBuksa vkSj ,slh i;kZoj.k uhfr dh t+:jr iM+rh gS tks ckt+kj dh rkD+$rksa dks dke djus dh NwV nsxhA [kuu m|ksx esa buesa ls dksbZ Hkh rRo vkt ekStwn ugha gSA bl flyflys esa D+$kuwu iqjkus iM+ pqds gSa vkSj laln fli+$Z gkf'k;s ij Bksad&ihV dj ik jgh gSA [kuu dh lEHkkoukvksa dks ryk'kus vkSj [kuu djus ds fy, iw¡th dks vkdf"kZr djus esa gekjh dksf'k'ksa deks&cs'k ukdke jgh gSaA bl chp] ;g {ks=k oLrqr% jkT; ljdkjksa ds gkFkksa esa D+$Sn gSA ;FkkfLFkfr esa fdlh Hkh fD+$Le ds ifjorZu dk fojksèk ,sls xqV dj jgs gSa tksd – ki+$h mfpr <ax lst – xa yksa ;k i;kZoj.k ;k vkfnoklh vkcknh ds vkUnksyu dk leFkZu djrs gSaA ,sls jktuSfrd ny Hkh gSa tks [kuu dks jkT; ljdkjksa dh btkjsnkjh ekurs gSa vkSj ftUgsa futh {ks=k ds izos'k ij fopkjèkkjk ds vkèkkj ij ,srjkt+ gSA os LFkkfir Je la?kksa ls leFkZu cVksjrs gSaA la?kksa ds ihNsm– udh tkudkjh ;k uktkudkjh esO–a ;kikjh ekfi+$;k [kM+k gSA urhtk–okLrfod iwt ¡ h fuos'k de gS] [kuu m|ksx dNq, dh pky ls c<+ jgk gS vkSj vFkZ&O;oLFkk ij cks> dk dke djrk gSA eSa vkidks ,d vkSj felky n¡wxkA m|ksxksa dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, t+ehu ds cM+s&cM+s VqdM+s pkfg,A [kfut&vkèkkfjr m|ksxksa elyu bLikr vkSj ,sY;wfefu;e dks [kuu] eky dh rS;kjh vkSj mRiknu ds fy, t+ehu ds cM+s&cM+s {ks=kksa dh t+:jr gSA gokbZ vìksa] cUnjxkgksa] ck¡èkksa vkSj fctyh&?kjksa ds fy, Hkwfe ds fo'kky {ks=k pkfg,a rkfd os lM+d vkSj jsy lEidZ rFkk lgk;d vkSj lalkèku lEcUèkh lqfoèkk,¡ miyCèk djk ldsaA vc rd] ljdkj }kjk Hkwfe dk vkgr ns'k

vfèkxzg.k izHkqlÙkk ds vfèkdkj dks ykxw djds fd;k tkrk FkkA eqn~nk dsoy okftc eqvkot+k nsus dk FkkA ;g fLFkfr vc cny x;h gSA vc gj ifj;kstuk esa u;s nkosnkj gSa vkSj mudh nkosnkjh dks Lohdkj djuk t+:jh gSA vc gesa i;kZoj.k ij vlj ds ewY;kadu] vfuok;Z vfèkxzg.k ds vkSfpR;] lgh eqvkot+s] {kfriwfrZ] foLFkkfir yksxksa ds iquokZl vkSj iquiZzfr"Bk] oSdfYid vkokl vkSj [ksrh dh t+ehu tSls eqn~nksa dks è;ku esa j[kuk iM+rk gSA* ^ckt+kj dh rkD+$rksa* }kjk ^tYnh vkSj dkS'kyiw.kZ <ax ls* lalkèkuksa dk [kuu djuk–;gh rks vkSifuosf'kd 'kfDr;k¡ vius mifuos'kksa ds lkFk djrh jghaa] ;gh Lisu vkSj mÙkjh vejhdk us nf{k.kh vejhdk ds lkFk fd;k] ;wjksi us viz+$hdk esa fd;k ¼vkSj vc Hkh dj jgk gS½] ;gh dke uLyoknh fut+ke us nf{k.k viz+$hdk esa fd;kA tks NksVs ns'kksa ds dBiqrys rkuk'kkg vius yksxksa dk [+kwu pwlus ds fy, djrs gSaA ;g o`f) vkSj fodkl dk i+$kewZyk rks gS] ij fdlh vkSj dh o`f) vkSj fodkl ds fy,A ;g ogh cgqr] cgqr] cgqr iqjkuh dgkuh gSA D;k gesa bls fQj ls nksgjkuk gksxk\ vc tcfd [kuu ds ykblsal ,slh QqrhZ ls tkjh dj fn;s x;s gSa ftls vki ?kcjkgV esa dkSfM+;ksa ds nke dh tk jgh fcØh ls tksM+ dj ns[krs vk;s gSa] vkSj tks ?kksVkys mHkj dj lkeus vk jgs gSa os djksM+ksa&vjcksa MkWyjksa esa dwrs x;s gSa] vc tcfd [kuu dEifu;ksa us ufn;ksa dks iznwf"kr dj fn;k gS] izkUrksa dh ljgnksa dks [kuu ls [kks[kyk cuk fn;k gS] i;kZoj.k dh ,slh&rSlh dj nh gS vkSj x`g&;q) fNM+ok fn;k gS] p.Mky&pkSdM+h dh yxk;h gqbZ vkx ds urhts lkeus vkus yxs gSa] rgl&ugl bykD+$s vkSj x+jhcksa ds 'koksa ij xk;ss tk jgs fdlh ikSjkf.kd 'kksdxhr dh rjgA t+jk ml [ksn ij è;ku nhft, ftlls ea=kh egksn; vius O;k[;ku esa yksdra=k vkSj mlls tqMh+ ft+Eesnkfj;ksa dh ckr djrs gSa % ^yksdra=k–;k dgk tk;s fd yksdrkaf=kd laLFkkvksa vkSj lektoknh ;qx dh fojklr–us okLro esa fodkl dh pqukSfr;k¡ c<+k nh gSaA* blds ckn os eqvkot+ksa] iquokZl vkSj jkst+xkj ds eqn~nksa ls lEcfUèkr mUgha fiVs&fiVk;s >wBksa dh >M+h yxk nsrs gSaA dSlk eqvkot+k\ dSlh {kfriwfrZ\ dSlk iquokZl\ vkSj dkSu&lh ^gj ifjokj ds fy, ,d ukSdjh\* lkgch badykc

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¼fgUnqLrku esa lkB lky ds vkS|ksxhdj.k us et+nwjksa dh dqy la[;k dh 6 i+$hlnh ds fy, jkst+xkj dk cUnkscLr fd;k gSA jgh ckr Hkwfe ds ^vfuok;Z vfèkxzg.k* dk v “ kSfpR;* lkfcr djus dh ^cfUn'k* dh] rks ,d ea=kh fuf'pr :i ls tkurk gS fd vkfnokfl;ksa dh Hkwfe dk ¼tgk¡ lcls vfèkd [kfutksa dh Hkkjh ek=kk gS½ vfuok;Zr% vfèkxzg.k djuk vkSj mls futh [kuu dEifu;ksa ds gokys dj nsuk îapk;r ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa rd foLrkfjr½ vfèkfu;e* ¼islk½ ds vUrxZr x+jS &D+$kuwuh vkSj vlaoèS kkfud gSA 1996 esa ikfjr îapk;r vfèkfu;e* ,d la'kksèku gS tks vkfnokfl;ksa ds lkFk dh x;h dqN ukbUlkfi+$;ksa dks nq#Lr djus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS tks 1950 esa laln }kjk LohÑr Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa fufgr FkhaA og ,sls lHkh D+$kuwuksa dks fujLr dj nsrk gS tks mlds izkoèkkuksa ds fo#) tk ldrs gSaA ;g D+$kuwu Lohdkj djrk gS fd vkfnoklh leqnk; mÙkjksÙkj c<+rh gqbZ ek=kk esa gkf'k;s ij pys x;s gSa vkSj bl D+$kuwu dk mn~ns'; bl 'kfDr&lUrqyu dks ØkfUrdkjh <ax ls la'kksfèkr djds lUrqyu dh rji+$ ys vkus dk gSA D+$kuwu ds ,d uewus dh gSfl;r ls ;g vuks[kk gS] D;ksafd ;g D+$kuwu lewg&leqnk;–dks ,d D+$kuwuh gSfl;r iznku djrk gS vkSj ;g vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa esa jgus okys vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa dks Lo&'kklu dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA îapk;r ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa rd foLrkfjr½ vfèkfu;e] 1996* ds vUrxZr vkfnoklh Hkwfe ds ^vfuok;Z vfèkxzg.k* dks fdlh Hkh nyhy ls lgh ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrkA fygkt+k] ;g foMEcuk gh gS fd ftu yksxksa dk ekvksoknh* dgk tk jgk gS ¼ftuesa os lHkh 'kkfey gSa tks Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k dk fojksèk dj jgs gSa½ njvly lafoèkku dh j{kk djus ds fy, gh yM+ jgs gSa] tcfd ljdkj mldk mYya?ku vkSj frjLdkj djus dh Hkjld dksf'k'k dj jgh gSA 2008 vkSj 2009 ds chp iapk;rh jkt ea=kky; us nks 'kksèkkfFkZ;ksa dks ns'k esa iapk;rh jkt dh izxfr ds ckjs esa rS;kj dh tk jgh ,d fjiksVZ ds fy, ,d vè;k; fy[kus dk dke lkSaikA vè;k; dk 'kh"kZd gS îapk;r ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa rd foLrkfjr½ D+$kuwu] 1996] okeiUFkh vfrokn vkSj 'kklu % Hkkjr ds vkfnoklh bykD+$ksa esa fpUrk,¡ vkSj pqukSfr;k¡* vkSj blds ys[kd gSa vt; nk.Msdj vkSj fp=kkaxnk pkSèkjhA20 blds dqN m)j.k uhps fn;s tk jgs gSa % ^1894 ds ^dsUnzh; Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k vfèkfu;e* dks vkt rd îapk;r ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa rd foLrkfjr½ D+$kuwu] 1996* ds izkoèkkuksa ds vkgr ns'k

vuq:i cukus ds fy, la'kksfèkr ugha fd;k x;k gS---bl le; futh m|ksxksa ds fy, O;fDrxr vkSj lkeqnkf;d Hkwfe dk cyiwoZd vfèkxzg.k djus ds fy, t+ehuh Lrj ij vkSifuosf'kd ;qx ds bl D+$kuwu dk O;kid nq#i;ksx gks jgk gSA dbZ ekeyksa esa jkT; ljdkj dh ifjikVh iw¡thoknh ?kjkuksa ds lkFk mPp Lrjh; D+$jkjukeksa ij gLrk{kj djus vkSj fQj t+kfgjk rkSj ij jkT; vkS|ksfxd fuxe ds fy, tcju Hkwfe ds vfèkxzg.k ds mn~ns'; ls vfèkxzg.k vfèkfu;e dks ykxw djus dh jgh gSA jkT; vkS|ksfxd fuxe fQj cM+h vklkuh ls vfèkx`ghr Hkwfe dks iês ij futh {ks=k ds fuxeksa dks ns nsrk gS tks ^iapk;r ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa rd foLrkfjr½ D+$kuwu] 1996* }kjk vuqeksfnr ^lkoZtfud mn~ns'; ls vfèkxzg.k* ds cqfu;knh vkèkkj dk iwjk mYya?ku gSA ^,sls Hkh ekeys gSa tgk¡ xzke lHkkvksa }kjk fojksèk O;Dr djus okys nLrkost+ksa dks u"V dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj mudh txg tkyh nLrkost+ uRFkh dj fn;s x;s gSaA blls Hkh cqjh ckr ;g gS fd tc ;s rF; mtkxj Hkh gks x;s] rc Hkh jkT; us nks"kh vfèkdkfj;ksa ds f[+kyki+$ dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dhA lUns'k Li"V vkSj veaxylwpd gS– bu lkSnksa esa dbZ Lrjksa ij lk¡B&xk¡B gqbZ gSA ^bu lHkh jkT;ksa esa vuqlwph la[;k ik¡p ds bykD+$ksa esa vkfnokfl;ksa dh t+ehuksa dks x+Sj&vkfnokfl;ksa ds gkFk cspuk fuf"k) gSA ysfdu t+ehu gLrkUrj.k gksrs jgrs gSa vkSj mÙkj&mnkjhdj.k ;qx esa vkSj Hkh uqek;k¡ gks x;s gSAa eq[; dkj.k gSè–a kks[ksèkM+h okys rjho+$ksa ls gLrkUrj.k] ekSf[kd lkSnksa ds vkèkkj ij vfyf[kr gLrkUrj.k] rF;ksa ds x+yr izLrqfrdj.k vkSj mn~ns';ksa dh x+yr c;kuh ds vkèkkj ij gLrkUrj.k] vkfnoklh Hkwfe ij cyiwoZd D+$Ct+k djuk] voSèk fookgksa ds vkèkkj ij gLrkUrj.k] lk¡B&xk¡B }kjk fefYd;r ds nkos] losZ{k.k] Hkwfe vfèkxzg.k izfØ;k] vfrØe.kksa dks gVkus ds le; vfHkys[kksa esa x+yr bUnjkt vkSj ydM+h vkSj oU; mRiknu ds Hkjiwj mi;ksx ds uke ij vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd dY;k.kdfjrk ds fodkl ds gekjs t+ehuh dke lesr fodkl ds uke ij gLrkUrj.kA* lkgch badykc

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vius fu"d"kZ okys fgLls esa fjiksVZ ds ys[kd dgrs gSa % ^[kuu dEifu;ksa lesr vkS|ksfxd ?kjkuksa ds lkFk jkT; ljdkj }kjk gLrk{kfjr D+$jkjukeksa dks ,d lkoZtfud Lrj ij nksckjk tk¡pk tkuk pkfg, ftlesa xzke lHkk,¡ tk¡p ds dsUnz esa gksaA* rks ;g gS vlfy;r–rxa djus okys dk;ZdrkZ ugha] ekvksoknh ugha] cfYd ,d ljdkjh fjiksVZ tks D+$jkjukeksa dh fQj ls tk¡p dh ek¡x dj jgh gSA vkSj ljdkj bl nLrkost+ ds lkFk D;k djrh gS\ mldh izfrfØ;k D;k gksrh gS\ 24 vizSy 2010 dks ,d vkSipkfjd lekjksg esa izèkku ea=kh us fjiksVZ dks tkjh fd;kA vki lkspsaxs] cM+h cgknqjh fn[kk;hA flok blds fd tkjh dh x;h ml fjiksVZ esa ;g vè;k; 'kkfey ugha FkkA bls dkV dj fudky fn;k x;k FkkA21 vkèkh lnh igys] ekjs tkus ds Bhd igys ps xq,okjk us fy[kk Fkk % ^tc mRihM+udkjh 'kfDr;k¡ mu D+$kuwuksa ds f[+kyki+$ vius dks lÙkk esa cuk;s j[krh gSa ftUgsa mUgksaus [”kqn LFkkfir fd;k gksrk gS rks ;g eku fy;k tkuk pkfg, fd 'kkfUr Hkax dh tk pqdh gSA*22 cs'kdA 2009 esa eueksgu flag us laln esa dgk Fkk ^vxj okeiUFkh vfrokn gekjs ns'k ds mu egRoiw.kZ fgLlksa esa tkjh jgrk gS tgk¡ [kfutksa ds izkÑfrd lzksr gSa rks iw¡th fuos'k ds okrkoj.k ij fu'p; gh vlj iM+sxkA*23 ;g ;q) dh xqi&pqi ?kks"k.kk FkhA ¼eq>s ;gk¡ ,d NksVs&ls fo"k;kUrj dh btkt+r nhft,] nks fl[kksa dk NksVk&lk fD+$Llk c;ku djus ds fy, ,d {k.k % 1931 esa fczfV'k ljdkj }kjk Qk¡lh p<+k;s tkus ls igys iatkc ds xouZj dks Hksth x;h viuh vkf[+kjh vt+hZ esa egku ØkfUrdkjh vkSj ekDlZoknh Hkxr flag us dgk Fkk–^gesa ?kksf"kr djus nhft, fd ;q) ckD+$k;nk fNM+k gqvk gS vkSj rc rd fNM+k jgsxk tc rd eqëh Hkj ijthoh fgUnqLrku dh esgurd'k turk vkSj mlds izkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dk 'kks"k.k djrs jgsaxsA os pkgs iwjh rjg vaxzst+ iw¡thoknh gksa ;k feys&tqys vaxzst+ vkSj fgUnqLrkuh ;k fQj iwjh rjg fgUnqLrkuh gh D;ksa u gksaA---bu lkjh pht+ksa ls dksbZ i+$D+$Z ugha iM+rkA*24½ vxj vki mu cgqr lkjs la?k"kks± ij x+kSj djsa tks bl le; fgUnqLrku esa tkjh gSa] rks vki ik;saxs fd turk vius laoSèkkfud vfèkdkjksa ls T+;knk vkSj fdlh pht+ dh ek¡x ugha dj jgh gSA ysfdu Hkkjr ljdkj dks vc bl ckr vkgr ns'k

dh t+:jr D+$rbZ eglwl ugha gks jgh gS fd og Hkkjr ds lafoèkku dk ikyu djs] tks ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd og D+$kuwuh vkSj uSfrd <k¡pk gS ftl ij gekjk yksdra=k fVdk gSA lafoèkkuksa ds fglkc ls og ,d izc) q nLrkost’+ gS] ysfdu mlds Kku dh nhfIr dks yksxksa dh j{kk ds fy, bLrseky ugha fd;k tkrkA bldk fcydqy myV gksrk gSA mls ,d d¡Vhyh xnk dh rjg mu yksxksa dks ekjdj èkwy pVkus ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gS tks jkT; }kjk ^lkoZtfud fgr* ds uke ij viuh turk ds f[+kyki+$ <k;h tk jgh fgalk dh c<+rh gqbZ ygj dk fojksèk dj jgs gSaA ^vkmVyqd* if=kdk esa izdkf'kr vius ,d gkfy;k ys[k esa ofj"B i=kdkj ch-th- oxhZt+ bl dk¡Vksa&tM+h xnk dks jkT; vkSj cM+s O;kikfjd fuxeksa ds i{k esa ygjkrs gq, v[kkM+s esa fudy vk;s % ^ekvksoknh foyhu gks tk;saxs] yksdrkaf=kd Hkkjr vkSj lafoèkku dh thr gksxh] pkgs ftruk le; blesa yxs vkSj pkgs ftruh rdyhi+$ blesa D;ksa u mBkuh iM+sA*25 bl ys[k dk tokc vkt+kn us fn;k Fkk ¼;g viuh gR;k fd;s tkus ls igys mldh vkf[+kjh fVIi.kh Fkh½ % ^fgUnqLrku ds fdl fgLls esa lafoèkku dh thr gks jgh gS] feLVj oxhZt+\ nUrsokM+k esa] chtkiqj] dk¡dsj] ukjk;.kiqj] jktuk¡nxk¡o esa\ >kj[k.M esa] mM+hlk esa\ ykyx<+] taxyegy esa\ d'ehj dh ?kkVh esa\ ef.kiqj esa\ gt+kjksa fl[kksa ds ekjs tkus ds ckn 25 yEcs o"kks± rd vkidk lafoèkku dgk¡ Nqik gqvk Fkk\ dgk¡ Nqik gqvk Fkk og tc gt+kjksa eqlyekuksa dk li+$k;k dj fn;k x;k Fkk\ tc yk[kksa fdlkuksa dks vkRe&gR;k djus ij etcwj dj fn;k x;k gS\ tc gt+kjksa yksxksa dks jkT; lefFkZr lYkok tqMqe fxjksgksa }kjk gykd dj fn;k x;k gS\ tc vkfnoklh vkSjrksa ds lkFk cykRdkj fd;k x;k gS\ tc onhZèkkjh xq.Mksa }kjk yksxksa dk vigj.k gksrk gS\ vkidk lafoèkku dkx+t+ dk ,slk VqdM+k gS ftldh D+$her fo'kky cgqla[;d fgUnqLrkfu;ksa ds fy, 'kkSp lki+$ djus ds fpFkM+s ¼Vk;ysV isij½ ftruh Hkh ugha gSA*26 vkt+kn dh gR;k ds ckn ehfM;k ds vusd fVIi.khdkjksa us bl vijkèk dh yhik&iksrh djus ds fy, vkt+kn ds 'kCnksa dks cs'kehZ ls myV dj ml ij vkjksi yxk;k fd mlus Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dks 'kkSp lki+$ djus okyk fpFkM+k dgk FkkA lkgch badykc

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vxj ljdkj lafoèkku dk lEeku ugha djsxh] rks 'kk;n gesa mldh izLrkouk ds ,d la'kksèku dh ek¡x djuh pkfg,A ^ge] Hkkjr dh turk] Hkkjr dks ,d izHkqlÙkk lEiUu lektoknh èkeZ&fujis{k yksdrkaf=kd x.kra=k cukus ds xEHkhj ladYi ds lkFk---* dh txg fy[kuk pkfg, % ^ge] Hkkjr dh lo.kZ tkfr;k¡ vkSj mPp oxZ] xqIr :i ls Hkkjr dks ,d dkjiksjsV] iw¡thoknh] fgUnw] dBiqryh jkT; cukus ds ladYi ds lkFk---* z

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fgUnqLrku ds nsgkrh bykD+$ksa esa] [+kkl rkSj ij vkfnoklh ân;&izns'k esa] cx+kor] u dsoy Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk dks] cfYd izfrjksèkh vkUnksyuksa dks Hkh ,d ØkfUrdkjh pqukSrh ds :&c&: yk [kM+k djrh gSA og mu LohÑr fopkjksa ij loky mBkrh gS fd izxfr] fodkl] ;gk¡ rd fd lH;rk ds Hkh rRo dkSu&dkSu&ls gSaA og izfrjksèk dh fofHkUu j.kuhfr;ksa dh uSfrdrk ds lkFk&lkFk bl ckr ij Hkh loky djrh gS fd os fdruh vljnkj gSaA cs'kd] ;s loky igys Hkh iwNs x;s gSaA os yxkrkj] 'kkfUriwoZd] lky&nj&lky lkS vyx&vyx rjho+$ksa ls iwNs x;s gSN–a Ùkhlx<+ eqfDr ekspZs }kjk] dks,y dkjks vkSj xUèkenZu vkUnksyuksa }kjk–vkSj lSdM+kas nwljs tu la?k"kks± }kjkA bUgsa lcls gBiwoZd vkSj 'kk;n lcls eq[kj vkSj uqek;k¡ :i esa ueZnk ?kkVh ds ck¡èk&fojksèkh ueZnk cpkvks vkUnksyu* us mBk;k FkkA fgUnqLrku dh gqdwer dk ,dek=k mÙkj neu] Ny&diV vkSj ,slh vikjnf'kZrk dk jgk gS tks vke yksxksa ds izfr xgjs O;kfèk&tfur vuknj dk gh lwpd gSA blls Hkh cqjk ;g jgk fd ljdkj us vkxs c<+dj foLFkkiu vkSj csn[+kyh dh izfØ;k dks rst+ djds ,sls fcUnq ij yk [kM+k fd;k tgk¡ yksxksa dk vkØks'k mu :iksa esa QwV iM+k ftUgsa fu;af=kr djuk lEHko ugha jgkA vkt nqfu;k ds lcls x+jhc yksxksa us dqN lcls vehj iw¡thoknh fuxeksa dks chp jkLrs jksd nsus esa lQyrk ik;h gSA ;g ,d mYys[kuh; dke;kch gSA tks yksx mB [kM+s gq, gSa os tkurs gSa fd muds ns'k esa vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ykxw gSA mUgsa vkHkkl gS fd d'ehj] uxkyS.M] ef.kiqj vkSj vle dh turk dh rjg mUgsa Hkh ^voSèk xfrfofèk fujksèkd vfèkfu;e* vkSj ^NÙkhlx<+ fo'ks"k tu lqj{kk vfèkfu;e* tSls D+$kuwuksa us muds ukxfjd vfèkdkjksa ls oafpr vkgr ns'k

dj fn;k gS tks 'kCn] deZ] ;gk¡ rd bjkns ds vkèkkj ij Hkh gj rjg ds fojksèk vkSj vlgefr dks vijkèk Bgjkrs gSaA tc bfUnjk xk¡èkh us 25 twu 1975 dks vkèkh jkr ds le; vkikrdky ykxw fd;k Fkk rks bldk mn~ns'; vklUu ØkfUr dks dqpyuk FkkA ftrus Hkh nk#.k os jgs gksa] os ,sls fnu Fks tc yksx [”kqn dks viuh fD+$Ler l¡okjus dk liuk] bUlki+$ gkfly djus dk liuk ns[kus dh NwV ns ldrs FksA caxky ds uDlyoknh foIyo dk deks&cs'k li+$k;k gks pqdk FkkA ysfdu fQj yk[kksa yksx t;izdk'k ukjk;.k ds ^lEiw.kZ ØkfUr* ds vkºoku ij ,dtqV gks x;s FksA lkjh mFky&iqFky vkSj vlUrks"k ds ewy esa ogh ek¡x Fkh–te+ hu tksrusokys dh gksA ¼mu chrs fnuksa esa Hkh dksbZ i+$D+$Z ugha Fkk–Hkwfe ds iqufoZrj.k dks ykxw djus ds fy,] tks lafoèkku ds ekxZ&n'kZd fl)kUrksa esa ls ,d gS] vkidks ØkfUr gh dh t+:jr iM+rh FkhA½ iSarhl lky ckn gkykr cqjh rjg cny x;s gSaA yxkrkj dqrjk&Nhyk tkus dh otg ls ml 'kkunkj] [+kcw lwjr [+k;ky–bUlki+$ dk eryc vc ekuokfèkdkj gks x;s gSaA lerk ,d diksy&dYiuk gSA ;g 'kCn vc deks&cs'k gekjs 'kCn&dks'kksa ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gSA x+jhcksa dks èkdsy dj dxkj rd igq¡pk fn;k x;k gSA Hkwfeghuksa ds fy, Hkwfe dh yM+kbZ yM+us ls gV dj ØkfUrdkjh ikfVZ;ksa vkSj izfrjksèk vkUnksyuksa dks viuk fu'kkuk uhps djds vc turk ds mu vfèkdkjksa ds fy, yM+uk iM+ jgk gS ftlls yksx ml FkksM+h&lh t+ehu dks vius D+$Ct+s esa j[k ldsa tks muds ikl gSA Hkwfe ds iqufoZrj.k dk tks ,dek=k izdkj vc Hkkoh ;kstukvksa esa gS mldk mn~n's ; gS %–Hkwfe dks x+jhcksa ls Nhu dj vehjksa dks muds Hkwfe cSadksa ds fy, nsuk tks ^fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=kksa* ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSaA Hkwfeghu ¼T+;knkrj nfyr½] csjkst+xkj] >qfXx;ksa vkSj efyu cfLr;ksa ds fuoklh vkSj 'kgjh et+nwj rcD+$k vc eksVs rkSj ij fxurh ds ckgj gSA if'pe caxky dh ykyx<+ tSlh txgksa esa yksx vc iqfyl ls egt+ ;gh dg jgs gSa fd mUgsa vdsyk NksM+ fn;k tk;sA ogk¡ ^iqfyl la=kkl fojksèkh tux.ksj lfefr* us fli+$Z ,d NksVh&lh ek¡x ls 'kq#vkr dh Fkh fd iqfyl vèkh{kd ykyx<+ tkdj yksxksa ls mu vR;kpkjksa ds fy, {kek ek¡xsa tks muds tokuksa us yksxksa ij fd;s FksA bl ek¡x dks csrqdk vkSj csoD+$wi+$kuk ekuk x;kA ¼vèkuaxs taxfy;ksa dh ;g fgEer fd os bl ckr dh vis{kk j[ksa fd ,d lkgch badykc

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Hkwedky esa ukxfjd lsuk] naMdkj.;] 2010 Hkxoku gh tkurk gS fd lqj{kk cy fdl vk/kkj ij ,d ekvksoknh vkSj Hk; ls Hkkxrs ,d lk/kkj.k O;fDr esa QdZ djrs gksaxs\ D;k os vkfnoklh tks lfn;ksa ls /kuq"k ck.k ysdj pyrs gSa] vkt mUgha dh otg ls ekvksoknh Hkh dgs tk,ยกxsA

vkUnksyu ds 'kghnksa dh fp=k izn'kZuh] Hkwedky] n.Mdkj.;] 2010 ps;jeSu ekvksA os Hkh ;gk¡ gSaA FkksM+k&lk vdsys] exj ekStwnA mudk ,d i+$ksVks gS] Åij yky diM+s ds insZ ijA ekDlZ HkhA vkSj pk# etwenkj–uDlyoknh vkUnksyu ds laLFkkid vkSj izeq[k fl)kUrdkjA mudh [kqjnjh okfXerk fgalk] [”kwu&[”kjkcs vkSj 'kgknr ds izfr vUèk&J)k ls vksr&izksr Fkh vkSj vDlj ,slh LFkwy Hkk"kk dk bLrseky djrh Fkh] tks yxHkx tulagkjd dgh tk ldrh gSA ;gk¡] Hkwedky fnol ij [kM+s&[kM+s eSa [”kqn dks ;g lkspus ls ugha jksd ikrh fd mudk fo'ys"k.k–tc mUgksaus dgk fd ^fli+$Z oxZ&la?k"kZ – li+$k;k vfHk;ku – NsM+us ls gh og u;k vkneh iSnk gksxk] tks ekSr dks pqukSrh nsxk vkSj gj LokFkhZ fopkj ls eqDr gksxk*

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ljdkjh vi+$lj tkdj muls eki+$h ek¡xsxk\½ fygkt+k yksxksa us vius xk¡oksa dh ?ksjscUnh dj nh vkSj iqfyl dks Hkhrj vkus ls jksd fn;kA iqfyl us fgalk rst+ dj nhA yksxksa us vkØks'k&Hkjh tokch dkjZokbZ dhA vc] nks lky ds vlsZ vkSj vusd u`'kal cykRdkjksa] gR;kvksa vkSj >wBh eqBHksM+ksa ds ckn [kqYye&[kqYyk ;q) dh fLFkfr gSA îqfyl la=kkl fojksèkh tux.ksj lfefr* ij ikcUnh yxk nh x;h gS vkSj mls ekvksoknh laxBu ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;k gSA mlds usrk ;k rks tsy esa B¡wl fn;s x;s gSa ;k mUgsa xksyh ekj nh x;h gSA ¼,slh gh fu;fr mM+hlk esa ukjk;.kiVuk ds ^pklh ewfy;k vkfnoklh la?k* vkSj >kj[k.M esa iksVdk ds ^foLFkkiu fojksèkh ,drk eap* dh jgh gSA½ tks yksx ,d le; esa U;k; vkSj lerk ds lius ns[krs Fks vkSj [ksr tksrus okys dks feys dh ek¡x cqyUn djus dk lkgl djrs Fks mUgsa vkt bruk uhps mrkj fn;k x;k gS fd os ;g ek¡x djus yxs gSa fd iqfyl mUgsa ekjus&ihVus vkSj mu ij vR;kpkj djus ds fy, eki+$h ek¡xAs D– ;k ;g izxfr gS\ vkikrdky ds nkSjku] dgrs gSa] tc Jherh xk¡èkh izslokyksa dks >qdus ds fy, dgrh Fkha rks os jsaxus yxs FksA vkSj frl ij Hkh] mu fnuksa esa ,slh felkysa Fkha tc jk"Vªªh; nSfudksa us lsUljf'ki dk fojksèk djrs gq, pqukSrh&Hkjs vUnkt esa dksjs lEikndh; Nkis FksA ¼foMEcukvksa dh foMEcuk ;g gS fd mu esa ls ,d fuHkhZd lEiknd ch-th- oxhZt Hkh FksA½ bl ckj bl v?kksf"kr vkikrdky esa pqukSfr;ksa dh cgqr xqatkb'k ugha gS] D;ksafd ehfM;k gh ljdkj gSA dksbZ Hkh] flok mu iw¡thoknh ?kjkuksa vkSj fuxeksa ds ftudk ml ij fu;a=k.k gS] mls ;g ugha crk ldrk fd og D;k djsA ofj"B jktusrk] ea=kh vkSj lqj{kk O;oLFkk ds vi+$lj Vsyhfotu ij vkus ds fy, ykykf;r jgrs gSa] dbZ Vhoh pSuy vkSj lekpkj&i=k Nqis rkSj ij vkWijs'ku xzhug.V ds ;q) d{k vkSj mlds }kjk x+yr lwpuk,¡ izlkfjr djus ds vfHk;ku dk lapkyu dj jgs gSaA dbZ v[k”ckjksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu fjiksVZjksa ds uke ls ysfdu gw&c&gw mUgha y¶+t+ksa esa êkvksokfn;ksa ds 1500 djksM+ ds m|ksx* dh [+kcj NihA27 yxHkx lHkh v[+kckjksa vkSj lekpkj pSuyksa us ebZ 2010 esa >kM+xzke ¼if'pe caxky½ esa iVjh ls jsy ds mrj tkus dh Hk;kud ?kVuk ds fy,] ftles 140 yksx ekjs x;s] îqfyl la=kkl fojksèkh tux.ksj lfefr* dks ¼êkvksokfn;ksa* ls vny&cny dj bLrseky djds½ nks"kh Bgjkrs gq, [+kcjsa NkihaA nks izeq[k lfUnXèk yksxksa dks êqBHksM+ksa* esa iqfyl us ekj vkgr ns'k

fxjk;k gS bl ckr ds ckotwn fd ml ?kVuk ds fxnZ Nk;k gqvk jgL; vc rd [kqy jgk gSA izsl VªLV vkWi+$ bf.M;k us dbZ >wBh [+kcjsa tkjh dh gSa ftUgsa bf.M;u ,Dlizsl us oi+$knkjh ls lqf[+kZ;ksa esa Nkik gS ftuesa og [+kcj Hkh 'kkfey gS ftlesa dgk x;k Fkk fd ekvksokfn;ksa us vius }kjk ekjs x;s iqfylokyksa ds 'koksa dks VqdM+s&VqdM+s dj fn;k FkkA28 ¼bldk [k.Mu tks [”kqn iqfyl dh rji+$ ls vk;k Fkk] chp ds fdlh iUus ij Mkd fVdV ds vkdkj esa Nkik x;kA½ ml efgyk Nkikekj ds ckjs esa dbZ fcYdqy ,d tSls baVjO;w Nis gSl–a c ^,DlDywflo* dh lq[k+ hZ ds lkFk–fd dSls ekvksoknh usrkvksa us mlds lkFk cykRdkj vkSj ckj&ckj cykRdkj fd;kA29 crk;k x;k fd og gky gh esa taxyksa vkSj ekvksokfn;ksa ds paxqyksa ls NwV dj nqfu;k dks viuh dgkuh lqukus ds fy, Hkkx fudyh FkhA vc irk py jgk gS fd og eghuksa ls iqfyl dh fgjklr esa FkhA gekjs Vhoh iVy ij fpYyk&fpYyk dj izlkfjr fd;s tk jgs vR;kpkj&vkèkkfjr fo'ys"k.kksa dk mn~ns'; vkbZus dks èkq¡èkyk cuk dj gesa ;g lkspus ij foo'k djuk gS fd ^gk¡] vkfnoklh ut+jUnkt fd;s x;s gSa vkSj cM+s cqjs nkSj ls xqt+j jgs gSa % gk¡] mUgsa fodkl dh t+:jr gS % gk¡] ljdkj dk nks"k gS vkSj ;g cM+s vi+$lksl dh ckr gSA ysfdu fi+$ygky ladV dh ?kM+h gSA gesa ekvksokfn;ksa ls NqVdkjk ikus vkSj ns'k dks lqjf{kr djus dh t+:jr gS vkSj fQj ge vkfnokfl;ksa dh enn dj ldrs gSaA* tSls&tSls ;q) f?kjrk tk jgk gS] i+$kStksa us ,syku dj fn;k gS ¼ftl rjg fli+$Z os gh dj ldrh gSa½ fd os Hkh gekjs fnekxksa ds lkFk f[kyokM+ djus ds èkUèks esa mrjus ds fy, rS;kj gks jgh gSaA twu 2010 esa mUgksaus nks ^dkjZokbZ lEcUèkh fl)kUr* tkjh fd;sA30 ,d Fkk lk>h gokbZ&t+ehuh lkefjd dkjZokbZ dk fl)kUrA nwljk Fkk lSU; euksoSKkfud dkjZokbZ dk fl)kUr] ^ftlesa pqus gq, Jksrkvksa ds iwoZyf{kr leqnk; dks lUns'k nsus dh ;kstukc) izfØ;k 'kkfey gS rkfd ,sls [+kkl fo"k;ksa dk izpkj&izlkj fd;k tk;s ftuls okafNr joS;s vkSj O;ogkj iSnk gksa tks ns'k ds jktuSfrd vkSj i+$kSth edlnksa dks iwjk djsaA* blds lkFk&lkFk ^;g fl)kUr x+Sj&ikjEifjd dkjZokb;ksa esa cksèk dk izcUèk djus ls lEcfUèkr xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy, ekxZ&n'kZu Hkh miyCèk djkrk gS] [+kkl rkSj ij vkUrfjd ifjos'k esa tgk¡ cgdk;h gqbZ vkcknh dks eq[;èkkjk esa ykus dh t+:jr lkgch badykc

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iM+ ldrh gksA* izsl VªLV vkWi+$ bf.M;k ¼ih-Vh-vkbZ-½ ds vuqlkj] ^lSU; euksoSKkfud dkjZokb;ksa dk fl)kUr vey esa yk;k tkus okyk ,slk uhfr vkSj ;kstuk lEcUèkh nLrkost+ gS ftldk mn~ns'; gS lkefjd lsokvksa }kjk ml ehfM;k dk bLrseky djds] tks mUgsa miyCèk gS] ,slk vuqdwy ekgkSy cukuk ftlesa os vius i+$k;ns ds fy, dkjZokbZ dj ldsaA* ,d eghus ckn uDlyokn&izHkkfor jkT;ksa ds eq[;&eaf=k;ksa dh cSBd esa] ;q) dks rst+ dj nsus dk i+$Slyk fy;k x;kA Hkkjrh; fjt+oZ cy dh 36 cVkfy;usa ekStwnk 105 cVkfy;uksa esa tksM+ nh x;ha vkSj 16]000 fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkjh ¼iqfyl ds :i esa dk;Z djus ds fy, gfFk;kjcUn fd;s x;s vkSj Bsds ij vuqcfUèkr ukxfjd½ orZeku 30]000 esa tksM+ fn;s x;sA x`g lfpo us oknk fd;k fd vxys ik¡p o"kks± ds nkSjku iqfyl ds 8]00]000 flikgh Hkjrh fd;s tk;saxsA31 ¼jkst+xkj xkj.Vh ;kstuk ds fy, ;g ,d vPNk uewuk gS % vkèkh vkcknh dks ckD+$h vkèkh dks xksyh ekjus ds fy, ukSdfj;ksa esa Hkjrh dj yhft,A fD+$Llk lkQA vki pkgsa rks bl vuqikr dks Åij&uhps Hkh dj ldrs gSaA dqN fnu ckn lsukè;{k us vius ofj"B vi+$ljksa ls dgk fd os ^uDlyokn ds f[+kyki+$ yM+kbZ esa D+$ne j[kus ds fy, ekufld rkSj ij rS;kj gks tk;sa---;g Ng eghus esa gks ldrk gS ;k lky&nks lky esa] ysfdu vxj gesa jkT; ds ,d vkSt+kj ds rkSj ij viuh izklafxdrk cuk;s j[kuh gS rks gesa ,slh dkjZokb;ksa dh ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ mBkuh iM+saxh tks jk"Vªª pkgrk gS fd ge djsaA*32 vxLr dk eghuk vkrs&vkrs v[+kckjksa us lwpuk nsuh 'kq: dj nh fd gk¡&uk dgus okyh ok;q lsuk us vc gk¡ dg nh FkhA ^Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk ekvksokn fojksèkh dkjZokb;ksa esa vkRe&j{kk esa xksyhckjh dj ldrh gS]* fgUnqLrku VkbEl us [+kcj NkihA33 ,d vuke òksr us baMks&,f'k;u U;wt lfoZl ¼vkbZ-,-,u-,l-½ dks crk;k] ^vuqefr ns nh x;h gS] ysfdu dM+h 'krks± ds vkèkkj ijA ge jkdsV ugha nkx+ ldrs] u gsyhdkWIVjksa ds Hkhrj yxh cUnwdsaA vkSj ge rHkh tokch dkjZokbZ dj ldrs gSa vxj ge ij xksfy;k¡ pyk;h tk;sa---bl mn~ns'; ls gekjs ikl gsyhdkWIVjksa ij cx+y esa yxh e'khu&xusa gSa ftUgsa gekjs x#M+ ¼Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk ds dek.Mks½ pykrs gSaA* fdruh jkgr dh ckr gSA gsyhdkWIVjksa ds Hkhrj yxh cUnwdsa ugha] fli+$Z cx+y esa yxh e'khu&xusaA vkgr ns'k

lEHko gS ^Ng eghus ;k lky&nks lky* yxHkx og vlkZ gS tks fcykliqj esa fczxsM eq[;ky; vkSj jktuk¡nxk¡o esa gokbZ iêh dks rS;kj gksus esa yxsxkA gks ldrk gS fd rc rd yksdrkaf=kd Hkkouk dk egku izn'kZu djrs gq, ljdkj turk ds xqLls ds vkxs >qdrs gq,] ef.kiqj] uxkyS.M] vle vkSj d'ehj esa ^lSU; cy fo'ks"k vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e* dks okil ys ysxh ¼tks x+Sj&dfe'ku izkIr vi+$ljksa dks ;g vfèkdkj nsrk gS fd os lUnsg esa fdlh dks xksyh ekj ldrs gSa½A ,d ckj rkfy;ksa dh vkokt ef)e iM+h vkSj lekjksg eUn gqvk] rks ^lSU; cy fo'ks"k vfèkdkj vfèkfu;e* dks] tSlk fd x`g ea=kh us ladsr fn;k gS] thou jsìh fjiksVZ dh yhd ij nksckjk <ky fn;k tk;sxk ¼lquus esa T+;knk ekuoh; yxs] ij gks vkSj Hkh ?kkrdA½34 fQj mls fdlh u;s uke ls iwjs ns'k esa ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA gks ldrk gS blls lSU; cyksa dks og NwV fey tk;sxh ftldh mUgsa t+:jr gS rkfd os og dke dj ldsa tks ^jk"Vªª* pkgrk gS fd os djsa vkSj fgUnqLrku ds mu fgLlksa esa x+jhcksa ls Hkh x+jhc yksxksa ds f[+kyki+$ rSukr fd;s tk ldsa tks viuh ft+Unxh cpkus dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgs gSaA35 'kk;n blh rjg dkWejsM deyk ejsxh tc og l'kL=k gsyhdkIVj dks ;k lsuk ds izf'k{kd tsV foeku dks fiLrkSy ls fxjkus dh dksf'k'k djsxhA ;k 'kk;n rc rd mldk ntkZ c<+ dj ,-ds-&47 ;k fdlh ljdkjh 'kL=kkxkj ;k ekjs x;s iqfylokys ls Nhuh x;h ykbV e'khu&xu rd igq¡p x;k gksxkA 'kk;n rc rd ^lsuk dks miyCèk* ehfM;k geesa ls mu yksxksa ds cksèk dk bruk ^izcUèku* dj pqdk gksxk tks vc Hkh ^cgdkos* esa vk;s gq, gSa fd ge mldh ekSr dks lcj&lUrks"k ls xzg.k dj ysaA lks] ;g gS Hkkjrh; jkT; lÙkk] viuh lewph yksdrkaf=kd efgek ds lkFk] vius lcls x+jhc ukxfjdksa dks ywVus] Hkw[kk ekjus] mudk f?kjko djus vkSj vc vkRe&j{kk esa* muds f[+kyki+$ ok;q&lsuk dks rSukr djus dks dfVc)A vkRe&j{kkA vjs gk¡A vkWijs'ku xzhug.V ml ljdkj }kjk vkRe&j{kk esa pyk;k tk jgk gS tks x+jhc yksxksa dks Hkwfe okil fnykus dh dksf'k'k esa yxs gq, FksA fi+$yoD+r rks 'kkfUr&okrkZ,¡ lQyrkiwoZd iVjh ls mrkj nh x;h gSaA 'kkfUr&okrkZvksa ds bnZ&fxnZ pyus okyh ppkZ vkSj cgl esa 'kd&'kadk dh dki+$h xqatkb'k gSA ge vke yksxksa dks cl bruk ;kn j[kus dh t+:jr gS fd fdlh 'kkfUr&okrkZ dk eryc ;q) dh xfr dks rst+ djuk ugha gksrkA lkgch badykc

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fiNys dqN eghuksa ds nkSjku ljdkj us Hkkjh vlygs ls ySl nfl;ksa gt+kj v)Z&lSU; flikgh taxy esa Hkj fn;s gSaA ekvksokfn;ksa us tokc esa Øec) :i ls vkØked geys vkSj ?kkr yxk dj dkjZokb;k¡ dh gSaA nks lkS ls T+;knk iqfylokys ekjs x;s gSaA36 taxy ls yk'ksa cjkcj fudyrh jgrh gSaA ekjs x;s iqfyldehZ jk"Vªªh; èot esa fyiVs gq,] ekjs x;s ekvksoknh viuh dykb;ksa vkSj V[+kuksa ls ck¡l dh yfX?k;ksa ij c¡èkse– kuks os f'kdkfj;ksa ds vk[ksV gksa % xksfy;ksa ls Nyuh 'kjhj] 'ko tks euq";ksa ds&ls ugha tku iM+rs] ?kkr yxk dj fd;s x;s

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geyksa] flj&dkVus ;k rqjrh e`R;q&n.Mksa dh dkjZokb;ksa esa {kr&fo{krA ¼tgk¡ rd taxy esa gh n¶+uk nh x;h yk'kksa dk loky gS] gesa mudh dksbZ lwpuk ugha gSA½ ;q) dk {ks=k ?ksj dj vyx&Fkyx dj fn;k x;k gS] dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj i=kdkjksa ds fy, cUnA fygkt+k yk'kksa dh dksbZ fxurh ugha gSA 6 vizSy 2010 dks nUrsokM+k esa ekvksokfn;ksa dh ^tu eqfDr Nkikekj lsuk* us viuh lcls cM+h dkjZokbZ esa dsUnzh; fjt+oZ iqfyl cy dh ,d dEiuh ij ?kkr yxk dj geyk fd;k ftlesa 76 iqfylokys ekjs x;sA37 ikVhZ us ,d vkosxghu fot; lUns'k tkjh fd;kA38 Vsyhfotu us bl gknls ls ftruk nqgk tk ldrk Fkk] nqgkA jk"Vªª ls bu gR;kvksa dh HkRlZuk djus dk vkºoku fd;k x;kA geesa ls cgqr&ls ,slk djus ds fy, rS;kj ugha Fksb– lfy, ugha fd ge gR;kvksa dh [”kqf'k;k¡ eukrs gSa] u blfy, fd ge lc ekvksoknh gSa] cfYd blfy, fd vkWijs'ku xzhug.V dks ys dj gekjk ut+fj;k lhèkk&likV u gksdj d¡Vhyk vkSj xk¡Bnkj gSA rst+h ls c<+rs gq, HkRlZuk m|ksx esa 'ks;j [+kjhnus ls budkj djus ij ge ij ^vkradoknh leFkZd* dk BIik yxk fn;k x;k vkSj vkgr ns'k

gekjh rLohjsa Vhoh ij ryk'k fd;s tk jgs vijkfèk;ksa dh rjg ckj&ckj fn[kk;h x;haA fdlh us ;g ugha iwNk fd Hkyk dsUnzh; fjt+oZ iqfyl cy dh og dEiuh vkfnoklh xk¡oksa dh x'r ij 21 ,-ds-&47 jkbi+$ysa] 38 bulkl jkbi+$ysa] lkr lsYi+$ yksfMax jkbi+$ysa] Ng ykbV e'khu&xusa] ,d LVsuxu vkSj ,d „&bap okyk eksVkZj ys dj D;ksa fudyh gqbZ Fkh\39 bl loky dks iwNuk yxHkx jktnzksg ds cjkcj gksrkA

bl geys ds dqN fnuksa ckn eSaus la;ksx ls fnYyh ds ,d dkj ikdZ esa nks VsVs uked ,d vkfnoklh iqfyl okys dksA nks fnu ckn mUgksaus ckD+$h rhu dks fjgk dj fn;kA cUèkd cuk;s x;s D+$Snh dks ekjdj ekvksokfn;ksa us ,d ckj fQj vius gh la?k"kZ dks uqdlku igq¡pk;kA ;g ml ^ØkfUrdkjh fgalk* dh nkseq¡gh uSfrdrk dk ,d vkSj uewuk Fkk ftldh mEehn ge ml ;q) esa vkSj vfèkd ek=kk esa dj ldrs gSa tgk¡ j.kuhfr;k¡ vkSfpR; ij Hkkjh iM+rh gSa vkSj nqfu;k dks vkSj Hkh [+kjkc txg cuk nsrh gSaA nUrsokM+k esa ekvksokfn;ksa dh dkjZokbZ esa ukxfjdksa ds ekjs tkus ij 'kksdeXu gksus okys fo'ys"kdksa vkSj fVIi.khdkjksa esa ls cgqr&ls yksxksa us bl rji+$ è;ku ugha fnyk;k fd Bhd ftl oD+r ekvksokfn;ksa us cl dks mM+k;k Fkk] mlh oD+r mM+hlk esa dfyaxuxj vkSj >kj[k.M esa cfyVqFkk vkSj iksVdks esa iqfyl us dbZ xk¡oksa dks ?ksj dj gt+kjksa izn'kZudkfj;ksa ij xksfy;k¡ pyk;h Fkha tks VkVk] ft+Uny vkSj ikWLdkss lkgch badykc

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,d Ñf"k esys ds nkSjku ge yksdrU=k dks vius gh vaxksa dks [kkus dh dksf'k'k esa vius gh f[”kyki+$ ekspkZ ck¡èkrs ns[k jgs gSaA ge gSjr ls] cs;o+$huh ls] ns[k jgs gSa fd ;s vax dSls [kk;s tkus ls budkj dj jgs gSaA

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}kjk viuh t+ehuksa ds vfèkxzg.k dk fojksèk dj jgs FksA ;g ?ksjscUnh vHkh rd tkjh gSA iqfyl dh ?ksjscUnh dh otg ls ?kk;yksa dks gLirky ugha ys tk;k tk ldrkA ;w&Vîwc ij izlkfjr ohfM;ks esa gfFk;kjcUn cyok&jksèkd iqfyl dks lSdM+ksa dh rknkn esa ekspkZ ck¡èkrs vkSj mudk lkeuk djrs vke xk¡o okyksa dks ns[kk tk ldrk gS ftUgksaus vius gkFkksa esa fli+$Z rhj&deku ys j[ks gSaA vkWijs'ku xzhug.V us tks ,d HkykbZ vke vknfe;ksa ds lkFk dh gS og ;g fd mlus muds lkeus pht+ksa dks lki+$ dj fn;k gSA xk¡oksa esa cPps Hkh tkurs gSa fd iqfyl ^dEifu;ksa* ds fy, dke djrh gS vkSj vkWijs'ku xzhug.V ekvksokfn;ksa ds f[+kyki+$ ;q) ugha gSA og x+jhcksa ds f[+kyki+$ yM+kbZ gSA tks gks jgk gS og dksbZ NksVh&eksVh pht+ ugha gSA ge yksdra=k dks vius gh vaxksa dks [kkus dh dksf'k'k esa vius gh f[+kyki+$ ekspkZ ck¡èkrs ns[k jgs gSaA ge gSjr ls] cs;D+$huh ls] ns[k jgs gSa fd ;s vax dSls [kk;s tkus ls budkj dj jgs gSaA ekStwnk foIyo esa tks jktuSfrd D+$rkjsa 'kkfey gSa] muesa ls dksbZ Hkh D+$rkj Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekvksoknh½ ftruh fooknxzLr ugha gSA lcls izdV dkj.k gS mldk fcuk fdlh 'keZlkjh ds gfFk;kjcUn la?k"kZ dks gh ØkfUr dk ,dek=k iFk ekuukA lqeUr cuthZ dh fdrkc ^bu n osd vkWi+$ uDlyckM+h* bl vkUnksyu dk lcls foLr`r fooj.k gSA40 og vkUnksyu ds 'kq#vkrh o"kks± dk ,d nLrkost+h C;ksjk is'k djrh gS] ml cs<axs ckS[kyk;s rjhD+$s dk ftlls uDlyokfn;ksa us ^oxZ&'k=kqvksa dk li+$k;k* djrs gq, rqjr&Qqjr ØkfUr dks 'kq: djus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj mEehn dh fd turk Lo;a&LQwrZ <ax ls mB [kM+h gksxhA fdrkc o.kZu djrh gS fd phu dh fons'k uhfr dk lkFk fuHkkus ds fy, uDlyokfn;ksa dks dSlh&dSlh dykckft+;ksa ls dke ysuk iM+k] dSls og vkUnksyu jkT;&nj&jkT; QSyrk x;k vkSj dSls uDlyokn fueZerk ls dqpy fn;k x;kA Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekvksoknh½ ds f[+kyki+$ :f<+oknh okei{k vkSj mnkjoknh cqf)thfo;ksa ds vUnj tks Hk;adj vkØks'k gS] mldh rg esa [”kqn vius lkFk mudh csvkjkeh vkSj Hkkjrh; jkT;&lÙkk ds izfr ,d gSjraxst+] yxHkx jgL;e;] lqj{kk&Hkkouk gSA dqN ,slk gS fd tc os ml fLFkfr ls nks&pkj gksrs gSa ftlesa lPph ØkfUrdkjh lEHkkouk gS] rks os vk¡[k >idk ysrs gSaA os nwljh rji+$ ut+jsa Qsj ysus ds cgkus [kkst ysrs gSaA ,sls jktuSfrd ny vkSj O;fDr vkgr ns'k

ftUgksaus fiNys iPphl cjlksa ds nkSjku dHkh viuk leFkZu turk ds eqn~nksa felky ds fy, ueZnk cpkvks vkUnksyu–dks ugha fn;k] u ns'k ds <sj lkjs 'kkfUriw.kZ tukUnksyuksa esa ls fdlh ,d ds lkFk èkjus vkSj ekpZ esa Hkkx fy;k gS] os lglk vfgalk vkSj xkaèkhoknh lR;kxzg dk xqu&xku djus yxs gSaA nwljh vksj tks yksx lfØ; :i ls bu la?k"kks± ls tqM+s jgs gSa] os pkgs ekvksokfn;ksa ds lkFk rh[ks erHksn j[krs gks]a o– s ekvksokfn;ksa ds izfr lrdZ jgrs gks]a ;gk¡ rd fd [kh> Hkh tkrs gks]a y – fs du os ekvksokfn;ksa dks mlh izfrjksèk dk fgLlk le>rs gSaA dguk eqf'dy gS fd ekvksokfn;ksa ls lcls T+;knk ui+$jr dkSu djrk gS] Hkkjrh; jkT;&lÙkk] j.kuhfr&fo'ks"kKksa dh mldh i+$kSt vkSj vUr'psruk ls mldk nf{k.kiUFkh eè;oxZ ;k fQj Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZ vkSj Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekDlZoknh½] vusd [kf.Mr xqV tks ewy ekDlZoknh&ysfuuokfn;ksa dk fgLlk Fks] ;k fQj mnkjoknh okei{kA cgl ukedj.k dks ysdj 'kq: gksrh gSA vfèkd :f<+oknh dE;wfuLV ;g fo'okl gh ugha djrs fd ^ekvksokn* dksbZ okn Hkh gSA tgk¡ rd ekvksokfn;ksa dk loky gS] os vius rb± eq[;èkkjk dh dE;wfuLV ikfVZ;ksa dks ^lkekftd i+$klhoknh* D+$jkj nsrs gSa vkSj mu ij ^vFkZokn* dk–;kuh vkèkkjHkwr :i ls ØkfUr dh lEHkkouk dks èkhjs&èkhjs lkSncs kt+h ls èkwfey djus dk–vkjksi yxkrs gSAa gj xqV fo'okl djrk gS fd ogh lPph ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ;k jktuSfrd laxBu gSA buesa ls gjsd dks ;D+$hu gS fd nwljs us dE;wfuLV fl)kUrksa dk x+yr vFkZ&fu:i.k fd;k gS vkSj bfrgkl dks x+yr <ax ls le>k gSA tks Hkh buesa ls fdlh ,d ;k nwljs xqV dk dkMZèkkjh lnL; ugha gS og bl ckr dks ns[k ldsxk fd buesa ls dksbZ Hkh i{k tks dgrk gS] og u rks iwjh rjg lgh gS u iwjh rjg x+yrA ysfdu muds vkilh dVq erHksn] tks èkkfeZd lEiznk;ksa esa foHkktudkjh erHksnksa ls cgqr fHkUu ugha gSa] ikVhZ ykbu ds dM+s ikyu dk vfuok;Z vkSj lgt ifj.kke gS ftldh ek¡x lHkh dE;wfuLV ikfVZ;k¡ djrh gSaA fygkt+k os vkjksiksa vkSj xkfy;ksa ds ml ljksoj esa Mqcdh yxkrs gSa tks :lh vkSj phuh ØkfUr;ksa] ysfuu] VªkWV~Ldh vkSj LVkfyu ds chp pyh egku cglksa] ps;jeSu ekvks dh yky fdrkc ds fnuksa esa cuk Fkk vkSj mUgsa ,d&nwljs ds f[+kyki+$ bLrseky djrs gSaA os ,d&nwljs ij ekDlZoknh&ysfuuoknh&ekvksoknh lkgch badykc

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fopkjèkkjk* dks x+yr <ax ls vey esa ykus* ds vkjksi yxkrs gSa] ekuks og yxHkx fdlh eyge dh rjg gS tks x+yr txg eyh tk jgh gSA ¼esjk dqN le; igys fy[kk x;k ys[k ^Hkwedky* bl cgl ds mM+ku&iFk ds Bhd chpksa&chp tk mrjk FkkA mls fnypLi xkfy;ksa dk viuk Hkjiwj fgLlk feyk] ftl ij ,d vyx iqfLrdk fy[kh tk ldrh gSA½ pqukoh jktuhfr esa nkf[+ky gksus ;k u gkssus dh cgl ds vykok] fgUnqLrku esa dE;wfuT+e dh vyx&vyx èkkjkvksa ds chp lcls cM+h cgl bl loky ds bnZ&fxnZ dsfUnzr gS fd fgUnqLrku esa ØkfUr dh fLFkfr;k¡ id pqdh gSa ;k ugha vkSj bl loky ij mudk tk;t+k D;k gSA D;k ?kkl dk eSnku vkx yxkus ds fy, rS;kj gS] tSlk ekvks us phu esa ?kksf"kr fd;k Fkk] ;k D;k og vHkh rd bruk ue gS fd ,d fpuxkjh mls lqyxk ugha ldrh\ fnD+D+$r ;g gS fd fgUnqLrku ,d gh le; es vyx&vyx lfn;ksa esa jgrk gS] blfy, ?kkl dk eSnku fgUnqLrku dh lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd n`';koyh ds fy, x+yr :id gSA 'kk;n ^[kjgksa dh ek¡n* T+;knk lgh :id gksxkA ØkfUr ds oD+r ds ckjs esa fdlh loZ&lgefr rd igq¡puk 'kk;n vlEHko gSA fygkt+k gj dksbZ viuh y;&rky ij xkrk&ukprk gSA Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZ vkSj Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZ ¼ekDlZoknh½ us ØkfUr ds vkxeu dks dekscs'k vxys tUe rd eqYroh dj fn;k gSA uDlyoknh vkUnksyu ds lw=kèkkj pk# etqenkj ds fy, og rhl lky igys gks tkuh pkfg, FkhA ekvksokfn;ksa ds ekStwnk izeq[k x.kifr ds vuqlkj og yxHkx ipkl cjl nwj gSA vkt] uDlyckM+h ds foIyo ds pkyhl lky ckn] ekvksokfn;ksa ds f[+kyki+$ lalnh; okei{k dk eq[; vkjksi vc Hkh ogh gS tks ges'kk FkkA mu ij ml jksx ls xzLr gksus dk byt+ke gS ftls ysfuu us ^cpdkuh chekjh* crk;k Fkk] tukUnksyu&ijd jktuhfr dh txg lSU;okn ls dke ysuk vkSj ,d lPps ØkfUrdkjh loZgkjk dks fodflr djus dh fn'kk esa dke u djukA mUgsa bl :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS fd muesa 'kgjh et+nwj oxZ ds izfr frjLdkj dh Hkkouk gS] os oSpkfjd :i ls fodkl&#) 'kfDr ekus tkrs gSa tks egt+ ^vcksèk* ¼;gk¡ ^vkfne* i<+sa½ ouoklh tutkfr;ksa ds yksxksa dh cSlkf[k;k¡ yxk dj gh dke dj ldrs gSa ftu tutkfr;ksa esa] :f<+oknh ekDlZokfn;ksa ds vuqlkj] dksbZ lPph ØkfUrdkjh lEHkkouk ugha gSA ¼;g 'kk;n og txg ugha gS tgk¡ ml ifjdYiuk vkgr ns'k

ij cgl pyk;h tk;s ftlds vuqlkj yksxksa dks ØkfUrdkjh rLyhe fd;s tkus ls igys osru Hkksxh] ;kuh ,d dsUnzh; vkS|ksfxd ra=k ds xqyke] cuuk iM+rk gSA½ ;g vkjksi lp gS fd ekvksoknh 'kgjh et+nwj oxZ ds vkUnksyuksa ds fy,] nfyr vkUnksyu ds fy,] taxy ds ckgj ds fdlkuksa vkSj [ksfrgj et+nwjksa ds fy, vizklafxd gSaA blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd ekvksoknh ikVhZ dh gfFk;kjcUn jktuhfr mlds fy, mu txgksa esa dke djuk yxHkx vlEHko cuk nsrh gS tgk¡ taxy vkSj mudh lqj{kknk;d vkM+ ugha gSA rks Hkh brus gh t+ksjnkj <ax ls ;g nyhy j[kh tk ldrh gS fd izeq[k dE;wfuLV ikfVZ;k¡ eq[;èkkjk esa dsoy blhfy, cph jgus esa lQy jgh gSa fd mUgksaus viuh fopkjèkkjkvksa ds Lrj ij Hk;adj le>kSrs fd;s gSa] bl gn rd fd muesa vkSj nwljh cqtqZvk ikfVZ;ksa ds chp vUrj djuk vc vlEHko gks x;k gSA ;g nyhy Hkh nh tk ldrh gS fd vis{kkÑr NksVs xqV tks fdlh D+$nj le>kSrk fd;s fcuk cps jgs gSa] og blfy, fd os fdlh ds fy, dksbZ [+krjk ugha iSnk djrsA cqtqZvk ikfVZ;ksa ds :i esa mudh tks Hkh [+kwfc;k¡ ;k [+kkfe;k¡ gksa] cgqr de yksx gksaxs tks Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZ vkSj ekDlZoknh dE;wfuLV ikVhZ ds lkFk ^ØkfUrdkjh* 'kCn tksM+us dks rS;kj gksaxsA ¼mM+hlk esa [knku dEifu;ksa ds f[+kyki+$ py jgs la?k"kks± esa Hkkjrh; dE;wfuLV ikVhZ dqN Hkwfedk vycÙkk vnk djrh gS gkykafd mudh flQZ ;g ekax gS fd IykaV dks nwljh txg LFkkukarfjr fd;k tk;A½ ysfdu vius LofuèkkZfjr izHkko&{ks=k esa Hkh os bl ckr dk nkok ugha dj ldrs fd mUgksaus ml loZgkjk dh dksbZ egku lsok dh gS ftldk izfrfufèkRo os djrs gSaA dsjy vkSj if'pe caxky ds vius ijEijkxr x<+ dks NksM+dj] ftu nksuksa gh jkT;ksa ij ls mudh idM+ <hyh iM+ jgh gS] ns'k ds fdlh Hkh nwljs fgLls esa mudh cgqr de ekStwnxh gS] pkgs 'kgj gksa ;k xk¡o ;k ou&{ks=k ;k eSnkuA mUgksaus vius Jfed&la?kksa dk Hkëk cSBk fn;k gSA e'khuhdj.k vkSj u;h vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa us tks csrgk'kk N¡Vfu;k¡ dh gSa vkSj laxfBr {ks=k ds vkSipkfjd dkexkjksa dks yxHkx fNUu&fHkUu fd;k gS] mls jksdus esa os foQy jgs gSaA os et+nwjksa ds vfèkdkjksa ds Øec) guu dks ugha jksd ik;s gSaA mUgksaus [”kqn dks vkfnoklh vkSj nfyr leqnk;ksa ls yxHkx ijk;siu dh fLFkfr esa yk [kM+k fd;k gSA dsjy esa cgqrksa dk ekuuk gksxk fd mUgksaus vU; jktuSfrd nyksa lkgch badykc

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dh rqyuk esa csgrj dke fd;k gS] ysfdu if'pe caxky esa mudk rhl&o"khZ; ^'kklu* jkT; dks rckgks&cckZn NksM+ x;k gSA mUgksaus uUnhxzke vkSj flaxqj esa tks D+$gj cjik fd;k vkSj vc taxyegy ds vkfnokfl;ksa ds f[+kyki+$] og mUgsa lÙkk ls 'kk;n dqN o"kks± ds fy, ckgj èkdsy nsxkA ¼cl mruh nsj rd ftruh f=k.kewy dk¡xzsl dh eerk cuthZ dks ;g fl) djus esa yxrh gS fd os og ik=k ugha gSa ftlesa yksx viuh vk'kk,¡ Mky ldrs gSaA½ frl ij Hkh] muds ikiksa dh QsgfjLr is'k djrs gq, ;g dguk t+:jh gS fd eq[;èkkjk dh dE;wfuLV ikfVZ;ksa dk vUr ,slh pht+ ugha gS ftldh [”kqf'k;k¡ euk;h tk ldsaA de&ls&de rc rd ugha tc rd fgUnqLrku esa ,d u;s] vkSj vfèkd thoUr vkSj lPps oke vkUnksyu dh txg u cu tk;sA ekvksokfn;ksa dh xfr dk ekxZ ¼vius ekStwnk vorkj ds lkFk&lkFk fiNys vorkjksa esa Hkh½ fHkUu jgk gSA Hkwfe dk iqufoZrj.k] t+:jh gqvk rks fgalkRed mik;ksa ls Hkh] mudh xfrfofèk;ksa dk ges'kk izeq[k mn~ns'; jgk gSA ml iz;Ru nok[+kkus ugha pyk jgs] muds ikl NksVs ck¡èk vkSj [ksrh ds fodflr rjhD+$s D;ksa ugha gSa] yksx vc Hkh eysfj;k vkSj dqiks"k.k ls D;ksa ej jgs gSa\ vPNk loky gSA ysfdu ;g bl lPpkbZ dks ut+jUnkt+ dj nsrk gS fd ,d izfrcfUèkr laxBu dk lnL; gksus dk D;k eryc gksrk gS ftlds lnL; MkWDVj vkSj vè;kid gksus ds ckotwn ns[krs gh ekj fn;s tkus ds [+krjs ls f?kjs jgrs gksaA T+;knk mi;ksxh gksxk ;gh loky Hkkjr ljdkj ls iwNuk ftls bl rjg dh fdlh Hkh cfUn'k dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+rkA D;k dkj.k gS fd mu vkfnoklh bykD+$ksa esa ftu ij ekvksokfn;ksa dk D+$Ct+k ugha gS] Ldwy ugha gSa] u gLirky] u NksVs ck¡èk\ NÙkhlx<+ esa yksx brus xEHkhj dqiks"k.k ls ihfM+r D;ksa gSa fd MkWDVjksa us euq";ksa ds jksx&jksèkd ra=k ij mlds vlj dks ns[krs gq, mls ^vkgkj lEcUèkh ,M~l* dguk 'kq: dj fn;k gS\ iapk;rh jkt fjiksVZ ds lsUlj fd;s x;s vè;k; esa vt; nk.Msdj vkSj fp=kkaxnk ¼tks D+$rbZ ekvksokfn;ksa ds iz'kald ugha gSo–a s ikVhZ fopkjèkkjk dks ^ik'kfod vkSj vukLFkkoknh* dgrs gSa½ fy[krs gSa % ^fygkt+k vkt ^iapk;r ¼vuqlfw pr {ks=kksa rd foLrkfjr½ D+$kuwu] 1996* okys bykD+$ksa esa t+ehuh Lrj ij ekvksokfn;ksa dk nksgjk vlj gSA cUnwd ds cy ij os xk¡o@CykWd@ft+yk Lrj ij iz'kklu esa dqN Mj iSnk djus vkgr ns'k

esa lQy gSaA urhtru os ^iapk;r ¼vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa rd foLrkfjr½ D+$kuwu] 1996* dh mis{kk ;k mYya?ku dks ysdj xk¡ookyksa dh etcwjh vkSj nqcZyrk dk izfrdkj djus esa lQy jgs gSa] elyu] fdlh rykFkh dks tks ou vfèkdkj D+$kuwu ds rgr lkSais x;s vfuok;Z drZO;ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ?kwl ek¡x jgk gks] fdlh O;kikjh rks tks ou mit ds fy, ukequkflc njksa ij Hkqxrku dj jgk gks] ;k fdlh Bsdns kj dks tks U;wure et+nwjh lEcUèkh fu;e dk mYya?ku dj jgk gks] psrkouh nsukA ikVhZ us <sj lkjk xzkeh.k fodkl dke Hkh fd;k gS tSls [ksrksa ds rkykcksa ds fy, lkeqnkf;d Je tqVkuk] cjlkr ds ikuh dks tek djuk vkSj n.Mdkj.; {ks=k esa Hkwfe laj{k.k ds dke djuk] ftUgksaus xk¡ookyksa us xokgh nh–mudh i+$lyksa esa o`f) dh Fkh vkSj mUkdh [kk| lqj{kk dh fLFkfr dks csgrj cuk;k FkkA* mM+hlk] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj >kj[k.M ds „00 ekvksokn&izHkkfor {ks=kksa esa jk"Vªhª ; xzkeh.k jkst+xkj xkj.Vh ;kstuk ¼ujsxk½ ds dk;kZUo;u ds vius gky gh esa izdkf'kr vuqHko&vkèkkfjr fo'ys"k.k es]a tks n bZdksukSfed ,s.M iksfyfVdy ohdyh esa lkeus vk;k] mlds ys[kdksa dkSLrqHk cuthZ vkSj ikFkZ lkgk fy[krs gSa % ^{ks=kh; losZ{k.k ls mtkxj gqvk fd bl vkjksi esa T+;knk ne ugha tku iM+rk fd ekvksoknh fodkl ;kstukvksa esa vojksèk iSnk djrs jgs gSaA rF; rks ;g gS fd ujsxk ds lUnHkZ esa dqN vU; {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esa cLrj esa fLFkfr csgrj tku iM+rh gS---mlds Åij U;wure et+nwjh dk ikyu djkus dh lQyrk ds lw=k ihNs tkus ij et+nwjh ds mu la?k"kks± esa [kksts tk ldrs gSa tks ml bykD+$s esa ekvksokfn;ksa us pyk;s---blds vykok] ekvksoknh lkekftd ys[kk&tks[kk djus dks Hkh izksRlkfgr djrs jgs gS] D;ksafd ;g ,d u;h rjg dh yksdrkaf=kd ifjikVh ds l`tu esa enn djrk gS tks vHkh rd fgUnqLrku esa ugha ns[kh x;hA*41 ekvksokfn;ksa dks ysdj pyus okyh cgqr&lh cgl esa ^turk* dks] bl ekeys esa vkfnoklh yksxksa dks eqëh Hkj ^ckgjh yksxksa* }kjk fu;af=kr] eUncqf) lkgch badykc

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vkfnoklh fngkM+h etnwj ,d vY;wehfu;e 'kks/k dsUnz ij mM+hlk vc tcfd [kuu dEifu;ksa us ufn;ksa dks iznwf"kr dj fn;k gS] izkUrksa dh ljgnksa dks [kuu ls [kks[kyk cuk fn;k gS] i;kZoj.k dh ,slh&rSlh dj nh gS vkSj x`g&;q) fNM+ok fn;k gS] p.Mky&pkSdM+h dh yxk;h gqbZ vkx ds urhts lkeus vkus yxs gSa] rgl&ugl byko+$s vkSj x”jhcksa ds 'koksa ij xk;ss tk jgs fdlh ikSjkf.kd 'kksdxhr dh rjgA

vkS|ksfxd dpjk] D;ksa>kj] mM+hlk ml nqfu;k dks tks Hk;adj :i ls x”yr gks pqdh gS] iqudZfYir djus dh fn'kk esa igyk o+$ne mu yksxksa ds fouk'k dks jksdus dk gksxk ftudh dYiuk fHkUu gS–og dYiuk tks iw¡thokn ds lkFk&lkFk lkE;okn ds ckgj gSA ,d ,slh dYiuk tks bl ckjs esa fcydqy vyx cksèk ls ifjpkfyr gS fd lq[k vkSj lUrks"k ds rRo D;k gSaA bl nk'kZfud LFkku dks gkfly djus ds fy, mu yksxksa ds thfor jgus ds fy, dqN HkkSxksfyd LFkku dh t+:jr gS tks lEHko gS gekjs vrhr ds j[kokys tku iM+sa] exj tks gekjs Hkfo"; ds ekxZ n'kZd gks ldrs gSaA ,slk djus ds fy, gesa vius 'kkldksa ls iwNuk gksxk % D;k rqe ikuh dks ufn;ksa esa jgus ns ldrs gks\ isM+ksa dks ouksa esa\ D;k rqe ckWDlkbV dks igkM+ esa jgus ns ldrs gks\

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lewg dh Hkwfedk esa <kydj is'k djus dh ogh iqjkuh] ljijLrkuk izo`fÙk fufgr gSA fo'ofo|ky; ds ,d izksi+$slj us tks tkus&ekus ekvksokn&}s"kh gSa] ikVhZ ds usrkvksa ij vkfnokfl;ksa dks f'kdkj cukus okys ijthoh gksus dk vkjksi yxk;kA42 viuh nyhy dh iqf"V ds fy, mUgksaus n.Mdkj.; esa fodkl ds vHkko dh rqyuk dsjy dh le`f) ls dhA ;g lq>kus ds ckn fd x+Sj&vkfnoklh usrk lc&ds&lc ^ouksa esa fgi+$kt+r ls fNis gq,* dk;j Fks] mUgksaus lHkh vkfnoklh ekvksoknh Nkikekjksa vkSj xzkeh.k fefyf'k;k dks ¼muds }kjk pqus gq,½ eè;oxhZ; xkUèkhoknh dk;ZdrkZvksa ds ,d iSuy ds lkeus leiZ.k djus dk vuqjksèk fd;kA mUgksaus x+Sj&vkfnoklh usr`Ro ij ;q)&vijkèkksa ds fy, eqdn~nek pykus dk vkºoku fd;kA mUgksaus ;g ugha Li"V fd;k fd D;ksa x+Sj&vkfnoklh xkUèkhoknh Lohdk;Z Fks] exj x+Sj&vkfnoklh ekvksoknh ughaA vke yksxksa dks lgh&x+yr ds foosd ls oafpr vkSj [”kqn vius i+$Slys djus dh {kerk ls jfgr le>us esa dqN ,slk gS tks cgqr fopfyr djrk gSA felky ds fy, mM+hlk esa gfFk;kjjfgr izfrjksèk vkUnksyuksa }kjk vyx&vyx fD+$Le ds cgqr&ls la?k"kZ tkjh gSa ftuds vkil esa vdlj rh[ks erHksn Hkh gksrs gSaA vkSj blds ckotwn mu lcus vkil esa feydj oD+rh rkSj ij dqN izeq[k fuxeksa dks viuh ifj;kstuk,¡ jksdus ij foo'k djus esa lQyrk ik;h gSAd – fyaxuxj esa VkVk] txrflagiqj esa ikWLdks]s fu;efxfj esa osnkUrA cLrj ds foijhr tgk¡ {ks=k ij mudk vfèkdkj gS vkSj os xgjh tM+sa tek;s gq, gSa] ekvksoknh mM+hlk dks fli+$Z vius lnL;&dk;ZdrkZvksa ds vkus&tkus ds fy, xfy;kjs dh rjg bLrseky djrs gSaA ysfdu tSls&tSls lqj{kk cy 'kkfUriw.kZ vkUnksyuksa ds fxnZ ?ksjk dluk tkjh j[krs gSa vkSj neu vkSj mRihM+u dks rst+ djus dh vksj c<+rs gSa] LFkkuh; yksxksa dks cgqr xEHkhjrk ls ekvksoknh ikVhZ dks vius la?k"kks± esa 'kkfey djus ds ifj.kkeksa ds ckjs esa lkspuk gSA D;k mlds gfFk;kjcUn nLrs #d dj jkT; ds neu ds f[+kyki+$ yM+saxs tks vfuok;Z :i ls ekvksoknh ^dkjZokbZ* ds ckn ?kfVr gksxk\ ;k os D+$ne Qsj ysaxs vkSj fugRFks yksxksa dks iqfyfl;k vkrad dk lkeuk djus ds fy, NksM+ tk;saxs\ vHkh ls dk;ZdrkZ vkSj vke yksx >wBs gh ekvksoknh gksus dk byt+ke yxk dj tsyksa esa Bw¡ls tk jgs gSaA cgqrksa dh csnnhZ ls gR;k dj nh x;h gSA ysfdu x+Sj&gfFk;kjcUn izfrjksfèk;ksa vkSj Hkk-d-ik-¼ekvksoknh½ ds chp vkgr ns'k

,d ruko&Hkjk] vlgt ukp tkjh gSA fdUgha ekSD+$ksa ij ikVhZ us x+Sj&ft+Eesnkjh Hkjs dke fd;s gSa ftuds urhts vke yksxksa ds fy, cgqr Hk;adj gq, gSaA 2008 esa dUèkeky ft+ys esa ekvksokfn;ksa us y{e.kkuUn ljLorh dks xksyh ekj nh] tks èkekZUrj.k djus okys i+$klhoknh laxBu fo'o fgUnw ifj"kn dk usrk Fkk vkSj ^vkfnokfl;ksa dks fgUnqRo esa okil ykus ds fy,* dke dj jgk FkkA43 gR;k ds ckn ukjkt dUèkk vkfnokfl;ksa dks] ftudh gky gh esa fgUnqRo esa ^okilh* gqbZ Fkh] cyok epkus ds fy, mdlk;k x;kA yxHkx 400 xk¡o bZlkbZ&fojksèkh fgalk dh pisV esa vk x;sA cgqr&ls bZlkbZn– fyr vkSj vkfnoklh Hkh–ekj fn;s x;s] 200 ls T+;knk fxjts tyk fn;s x;s vkSj nfl;ksa&gt+kjksa yksxksa dks vius ?kj NksM+dj Hkkxuk iM+kA nks lky ckn cgqr&ls yksx vc Hkh ?kj ykSVus esa foQy gSaA gt+kjksa yksx èkhjs&èkhjs foiUurk ds Hk¡oj esa Q¡l jgs gSa] thou dh j{kk ds lkèkuksa dh ryk'k esa ikl ds 'kgjksa&D+$Lcksa esa ges'kk dh rjg vkSjrksa ds fy, lcls T+;knk tksf[ke iSnk djrs gq, fBdkuk [kkst jgs gSaA fgUnw i+$klhokfn;ksa us bykD+$s ij viuk f'kdatk dl fn;k gSA os vkfnoklh&nfyr foHkktu dks vkSj HkM+dkus vkSj bZlkbZ ls okil fgUnqRo esa tcju èkekZUrj.k djkus dh Hkjld dksf'k'k dj jgs gSaA nwljh rji+$ dksjkiqV ftys esa ukjk;.kiVuk esa fLFkfr fdlh D+$nj fHkUu gSA ^pklh eqfy;k vkfnoklh laxBu* ¼tks iqfyl ds vuqlkj ekvksokfn;ksa dk ^ekspkZ* gS½ vkfnokfl;ksa dks og t+ehu okil fnykus dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgk gS] ftls LFkkuh; lkgwdkjksa vkSj 'kjkc O;kikfj;ksa us voSèk :i ls gM+i fy;k FkkA fofHkUu jktuSfrd lewgksa ds chp ijLij fouk'kdkjh xEHkhj yM+kb;k¡ gqbZ gSa vkSj ;g bykD+$k iqfyfl;k D+$gj vkSj ng'kr ds uhps dk¡i jgk gS] ftlesa lSdM+ksa vkfnoklh dksjkiqV tsy esa Bw¡l fn;s x;s gSa vkSj gt+kjksa us taxyksa esa iukg yh gSA twu 2009 esa ekvksokfn;ksa us t+ehuh lqjax ds foLQksV esa mM+hlk jkT; iqfyl ds 10 flikgh ekj fn;sA blls jkT; ljdkj dks xk¡oksa esa dsUnzh; fjt+oZ iqfyl cy ¼lh-vkj-ih-,Q-½ rSukr djus vkSj [kkst&ryk'kh vfHk;ku 'kq: djus dk cgkuk fey x;kA vkSj bl ij Hkh] vusd lw=kksa ds vuqlkj] vkUnksyu mrjksÙkj mxz gksrk tk jgk gS ftlesa gt+kjksa vkfnoklh ,dtqV gksdj mu t+ehuksa dks tksrus ds fy, lkeus vk;s gSa ftUgsa mUgksaus lqj{kk cyksa dh ukd ds Bhd uhps nksckjk vius D+$Ct+s esa fy;k gSA fgUnqLrku esa ;g iqjkuk lkgch badykc

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fD+$Llk gSg– fFk;kjcUn izfrjksèk ds fcuk x+jhc ihl fn;s tkrs gSAa ftl {k.k izfrjksèk vljnkj cu tkrk gS] jktlRrk viuh lkjh miyCèk lSfud 'kfDr ds lkFk dwn iM+rh gSA tks yksx ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa ft+Unxh xqt+kjrs gSa] muds ikl vklku fodYi ugha gksrsA os ;D+$huu lhèks&lhèks eqëh Hkj fopkjdksa ls funsZ'k ugha ysrs tks cUnwdsa ygjkrs gq, gok ls lglk izdV gks x;s gksaA dkSu&lh j.kuhfr viuk;h tk;s blds ckjs esa buds i+$Slys reke rjg ds jkLrksa ij lksp&fopkj djus ds ckn fy;s tkrs gSa % la?k"kZ dk bfrgkl] neu dh izÑfr] fLFkfr dh xEHkhjrk] vkSj dki+$h lathnk vkSj t+:jh rkSj ij ml txg dk HkkSxksfyd ifjos'k tgk¡ mudk la?k"kZ gks jgk gSA ;g i+$Slyk fd xkUèkhoknh jkLrk viuk;k tk;s ;k ekvksoknh] mxzrkiw.kZ ;k 'kkfUriw.kZ] ;k FkksM+k&FkksM+k nksuksa ¼tSlk uUnhxzke esa fd;k x;k½ ges'kk uSfrd ;k oSpkfjd ugha gksrkA vDljgk] og j.kuhfr&vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA felky ds fy, xkUèkhoknh lR;kxzg ,d fD+$Le dk jktuSfrd ukVd gksrk gSA og vljnkj lkfcr gks lds blds fy, mls ,d lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ n'kZd oxZ dh t+:jr gksrh gS] tks lqnwj ?kus taxy esa xk¡ookyksa dks miyCèk ugha gksrkA tc 800 iqfylokyksa dk ,d tRFkk jkr dks taxy ds fdlh xk¡o ds fxnZ ?ksjk Mky dj ?kjksa dks tykuk vkSj yksxksa ij xksfy;k¡ cjlkuk 'kq: djrk gS rks D;k Hkw[k gM+rky ls dksbZ enn feysxh\ ¼D;k Hkw[k ls ihfM+r yksx Hkw[k gM+rky ij cSB ldrs gSa\ vkSj Hkw[k gM+rkysa Hkh D;k dksbZ dke djrh gSa] vxj Vhoh ij u fn[kk;h tk jgh gksa\½ blh rjg] Nkikekj ;q) ,d ,slh j.kuhfr gS tks eSnkuh xk¡oksa dh fclkr ds ckgj gS ftuds ikl j.kuhfrd D+$ne&okilh ds fy, dksbZ vkM+ ugha gSA dHkh&dHkh j.kuhfr dks Hkzeo'k fopkjèkkjk le> fy;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g vuko';d :i ls ijLij fouk'kdkjh yM+kb;ksa dh rji+$ ys tkrk gSA [”kq'kfD+$Lerh ls yksx fopkjèkkjk dh dksfV;ksa dks rksM+ dj vkxs c<+us ds D+$kfcy gksrs gSa vkSj fcuk viuh vfLerk ds ladV ls vfuok;Zr% xzLr gq, fcuk] tUrj eUrj ij xkUèkhoknh] eSnkuksa esa mxzrkoknh vkSj taxyksa esa Nkikekj yM+kds cu ldrs gSaA fgUnqLrku esa foIyo dh rkD+$r mldh lekurk ugha] mldh fofoèkrk gSA pw¡fd ljdkj us gj ml O;fDr dks tks mldk fojksèk djrk gS] ^ekvksoknh* dh viuh ifjHkk"kk esa 'kkfey djus ds fy, bl ifjHkk"kk dks vkgr ns'k

foLr`r dj fn;k gS] blesa gSjr ugha gksuh pkfg, fd ekvksoknh vc eap ds dsUnz esa pys vk;s gSaA ysfdu mudh lS)kfUrd dBksjrk vkSj v&yphykiu] vlgefr dks cnkZ'r djus dh vkSj nwljs jktuSfrd laxBuksa ds lkFk dke djus dh mudh iz[;kr vfuPNk vkSj v{kerk vkSj lcls T+;knk mudh n`<+&ladYi] nk#.k] lkefjd dYiuk mUgsa bruk y?kq cuk;s j[krh gS fd muds iSj twrksa dh ml fo'kky tksM+h esa vVus yk;D+$ ugha gSa tks bl le; igus tkus ds fy, lkeus j[kh gqbZ gSA ¼tc eSa taxy esa dkWejsM :ih ls feyh rks tks igyk dke esjk vfHkoknu djus ds ckn ml rduhd&izseh us fd;k] og Fkk eq>ls ml b.VO;Zw ds ckjs esa iwNuk tks eSus ekvksokfn;ksa }kjk nUrsokM+k ds ,d ckfydk fo|ky;–jkuh cksfnyh Ldwyi– j] ftls iqfyl f'kfoj esa rCnhy dj fn;k x;k Fkk] geyk djus ds ckn fn;k FkkA44 geys esa 50 ls T+;knk iqfylokys vkSj fo'ks"k iqfyl vfèkdkjh ekjs x;s Fks45 % ^gesa [”kq'kh Fkh fd vkius gekjs jkuh cksfnyh geys dh HkRlZuk djus ls budkj dj fn;k Fkk] ysfdu fQj vkius mlh b.VO;Zw esa dgk fd vxj ekvksoknh dHkh lÙkk esa vk;s rks ftl igys O;fDr dks os Qk¡lh ij p<+k;saxs og 'kk;n vki gksaxhA vkius ,slk D;ksa dgk\ D;k vki dks yxrk gS fd ge ,sls gSa\* eSa viuk yEck tokc nsus ds Øe esa Fkh tc gekjh ckr #d x;h FkhA lEHko gS] eSaus LVkfyu ds li+$k;k vfHk;kuksa ls 'kq: fd;k gksrk ftuesa yk[kksa vke yksx vkSj yky lsuk ds 75]000 vfèkdkfj;ksa esa ls vkèks vi+$ljksa dks ;k rks tsyksa esa Bw¡l fn;k x;k Fkk ;k fQj xksyh ekj nh x;h Fkh vkSj 139 dsUnzh; lfefr ds lnL;ksa esa ls 98 fxj¶+rkj dj fy;s x;s Fks( blds ckn eSa ml Hkkjh D+$her dk ft+Ø djrh tks yksxksa us phu dh ^yEch Nyk¡x* vkSj lkaLÑfrd ØkfUr ds fy, pqdk;h Fkh vkSj 'kk;n vUr fd;k gksrk vkUèkz izns'k ds isMeYyiqje dh ?kVuk ls tgk¡ ekvksokfn;ksa us vius fiNys vorkj esa xk¡o ds ljiap dks ekj fn;k Fkk vkSj efgyk dk;ZdrkZvksa dks ekjk&ihVk Fkk] D;ksafd mUgksaus pqukoksa dk cfg"dkj djus ds ekvksokfn;ksa ds vkºoku dks ekuus ls budkj dj fn;k FkkA½ ml iz'u ij okil vk;sa % fdlds iSj twrksa dh ml fo'kky tksM+h esa v¡V ldrs gSa\ 'kk;n ;g iSjksa ds ,d vdsys tksM+s ds cl esa ugha gS] vkSj gksuk Hkh ugha pkfg,A dHkh&dHkh ,slk yxrk gS fd ftu yksxksa ds ikl ,d u;h] csgrj lkgch badykc

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nqfu;k dh n`f"V gS muds vUnj og ne&xqnkZ ugha gS tks izp.M lSfud èkkos dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, t+:jh gS] vkSj ftuds ikl ;g ne&xqnkZ gS muesa og n`f"V ugha gSA bl le; [knkuksa vkSj muls tqM+s m|ksxksa dh dEifu;ksa ds lewg }kjk vkfnoklh fuokl&LFkkuksa ij fd;s tk jgs geys ds f[+kyki+$ yM+us okys izfrjksèk vkUnksyuksa dh O;kid D+$rkjksa esa ekvksokfn;ksa dh gh lcls tq>k: D+$rkj gSA bl ls ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyuk fd Hkk-d-ik-¼ekvksoknh½ ,slh ikVhZ gS ftl vUnj ^fodkl* ;k i;kZoj.k ds ckjs esa ,d u;h fopkj n`f"V gS t+jk nwj dh dkSM+h gks ldrk gSA ¼,dek=k vk'oklunk;d fpÌ ;g gS fd mlus lrdZrkiwoZd dgk gS fd og cM+s ck¡èkksa ds f[+kyki+$ gSA tks og dgrh gS vxj ogh mldk eryc Hkh gS rks vdsyh ;gh ckr fodkl ds ,d ekSfyd :i ls fHkUu uewus dh rji+$ ys tk;sxhA½ ml jktuSfrd ikVhZ ds rkSj ij tks O;kid :i ls dkWjiksjsV [knku m|ksx ds geys dk eqdkcyk djrh ns[kh tk jgh gS] [knkuksa ds ckjs esa ekvksokfn;ksa dh uhfr ¼vkSj O;ogkj½ dki+$h xksy&eksy gSA dbZ txgksa ij tgk¡ yksx [knku dEifu;ksa ds f[+kyki+$ la?k"kZ dj jgs gSa ,d lksp yxkrkj cuh gqbZ gS fd ekvksoknh [knku vkSj [knku lEcUèkh m|ksxksa dh ifj;kstukvksa dks gjh >.Mh fn[kkus ds vfuPNqd ugha gSa tc rd fd mUgsa lqj{kk&lEcUèkh olwyh djk;h tkrh jgsA [kuu ds ckjs esa muds ofj"B usrkvksa ds c;kuksa vkSj lk{kkRdkjksa tks mHkj dj lkeus vkrk gS og bl ekeys ij dqN&dqN ,slk joS;k gS fd ^ge csgrj dke djsaxsA* os vLi"V :i ls ^i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy* [kuu] Å¡ps jktLo] foLFkkfirksa ds fy, csgrj iquokZl vkSj ^fgLlsnkj* ds fy, cM+s fgLls dk oknk djrs gSaA ¼orZeku [kuu vkSj [kfut lalkèku ea=kh us Hkh bUgha yhdksa ij lksprs gq, laln es [kM+s gksdj oknk fd;k fd [kuu ls gksus okys ^equki+$s* dk 26 izfr'kr ^tutkfr fodkl* esa [+kpZ gksxkA okg] yqVsjksa ds fy, dSlh nkor dk bUrt+ke gks tk;sxkA½ ysfdu vkb, [kfut iêh ds lcls cM+h Hksyh dk tk;t+k ysd –a bZ [kjc Mkyj D+$her dk ckWDlkbVA ckWDlkbV dk [kuu djus vkSj mls ,Y;wfefu;e esa cnyus dk ,slk dksbZ rjhD+$k ugha ftlesa i;kZoj.k&vuqdwyrk gksA og csgn t+gjhyh izfØ;k gS ftls T+;knkrj if'peh ns'kksa us fu;kZr djds vius ns'k ds ckgj dj fn;k gSA ,d Vu ,Y;wfefu;e iSnk djus ds fy, yxHkx 6 Vu vkgr ns'k

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D;k dksbZ dy gksxk Hkh\ 'kk;n ;g iwNus ds fy, cgqr nsj gks pqdh gS] ysfdu fQj vk'kk dk rdZ ls cgqr lEcUèk rks gksrk ughaA D;k ge mEehn dj ldrs gSa fd tks gekjs xzg ds fy, vo';eHkkoh e`R;q tku iM+rh gS mlds fy, dksbZ fodYi ml dYiuk ls izkIr gksxk ftlus vOoyu ;g ladV iSnk fd;k gS\ ;g ukeqefdu tku iM+rk gSA fodYi vxj dksbZ gS rks mu txgksa vkSj mu yksxksa ds chp ls fudysxk ftUgksaus iw¡thokn vkSj lkezkT;okn ds opZLookn ls Hkz"V gksus dh ctk; mldk izfrjksèk fd;k gSA ;gk¡ fgUnqLrku esa] lkjh fgalk vkSj yksHk&ykyp ds chp] vc Hkh vk'kk dh Hkkjh ek=kk gSA vxj dksbZ ml dke dks dj ldrk gS rks ge mls dj ldrs gSaA gekjs ikl vc Hkh ,d vkcknh gS tks iwjh rjg ml miHkksDrkoknh lius dk mifuos'k ugha cuh gSA gekjs ikl mu yksxksa dh thoUr ijEijk gS ftUgksaus xkUèkh ds ikslus&;ksX; izxfr vkSj LokoyEcu ds lius ds fy, la?k"kZ fd;k gS] vkSj lerkokn vkSj lkekftd U;k; ds lektoknh fopkjksa ds fy,A gekjs ikl vEcsMdj dh nh gqbZ ifjdYiuk gS tks xEHkhj rjhD+$ksa ls xkUèkhokfn;ksa vkSj lektokfn;ksa dks pqukSrh nsrh gSA gekjs ikl vuqHko] le>nkjh vkSj n`f"V okys izfrjksèk vkUnksyuksa dk ,d 'kkunkj x¡BtksM+ gSA lcls egRo dh ckr ;g fd fgUnqLrku esa yxHkx nl djksM+ vkfnokfl;ksa dh thfor vkcknh gSA ogh gSa tks vc Hkh ikslus&;ksX; thou ds jgL;ksa ls okfD+$i+$ gSaA vxj os yqIr gks tkrs gSa rks os bu jgL;ksa dks vius lkFk ys tk;saxsA vkWijs'ku xzhug.V tSls ;q) mUgsa yqIr gksus ij etcwj dj nsaxsA pqukaps bl tax dks cjik djus okyksa dh thr ds Hkhrj gh fouk'k ds cht ekStwn gksaxs] egt+ vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, ugha] cfYd vUrr% lewph euq"; tkfr ds fy,A ;gh dkj.k gS fd eè; Hkkjr esa py jgk ;q) bruk egRoiw.kZ gSA ;gh otg gS fd bu lHkh jktuSfrd laxBuksa ds chp] tks bl ;q) dk izfrjksèk dj jgs gSa] lPph vkSj i+$kSjh ckrphr dh t+:jr gesa eglwl gksrh gSA ftl fnu iw¡thokn vius chp x+Sj&iw¡thoknh lektksa dks cnkZ'r djus dks vkSj opZLo dh viuh tn~nks&tsgn esa ljgnsa Lohdkj djus dks etcwj gks tk;sxk] ftl fnu og Lohdkj djus dks foo'k gksxk fd dPps eky dh mldh vkiwfrZ vUrghu ugha gS] mlh fnu rCnhyh vk;sxhA vxj nqfu;k ds fy, dksbZ mEehn gS rks og ekSle&ifjorZu ds lEesyuksa ds lHkkxkjksa esa ;k Å¡ph&Å¡ph bekjrksa vkgr ns'k

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lanHkZ fpnEcje th dh tax 1. 'The World's Billionaires : #230 Anil Agarwal', Forbes.com, 8 March 2007; Peter Popham, 'Indian Villagers Pay a High Price as Commodity Boom Comes to Rural Orissa', Independent (London), 4 August, 2006; 'The Vedanta Affair : The Nub of the CEC's Report is the Issue of Forest Land', Telegraph (India), 27 November, 2005, www. telegraphindia.com/l051127/asp/opinion/stoty_5528395.asp. 2. Press Trust of India,'Naxalism Biggest Internal Security Challenge : PM', 13 April, 2006, www.hindustantimes.com/Naxalism-biggestchallenge -PM/ Articlel-86531.aspx. 3. Manmohan Singh, 'Full Text of Manmohan Singh's Speech at CMs Meet', IBN Live, 6 January, 2009, http://ibnlive.in.com/news/full-textof-manmohan-singhs-speech-at-cms-meet/82035-3.html. 4. Jawed Naqvi, 'Singh Sees "Vital Interest" in Peace with Pakistan', Dawn, 9 June, 2009, www.dawn.com./wps/wcm/connect/dawncontent-library/dawn/news/world/04-india-pm-willing-meet-pakistanqs-08; http://pmindia.nic.in/speeches.htm. 5. Rahul Pandita, 'We Shall Certainly Defeat the Government', Open, 17 October, 2009, www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/we-shallcertainly-defeat-the-government. 6. Development Challenges in Extremist Affected Areas, Report of an Expert Group to Planning Commission (New Delhi : Government of India, 2008), 59-60. 7. Saikat Datta, 'On War Footing', Outlook, 13 October, 2009. See also Chhattisgarh Visthapan Virodhi Manch (Chhattisgarh AntiDisplacement Platform), leaflet, Raipur, India, 6 October, 2009, http:// radicalnotes.com/journal/2009/10/30/raipur-rally-againstdisplacement-oct-6-2009/.

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8. 'India, Pak Unite to Block Anti-Lanka Move at UN', IndianExpress.com, 29 May, 2009, www.indianexpress.com/news/india-pak-unite-to-block -antilanka-move-at/ 467703/. 9. On 24 December, 2010 a sessions court in Raipur held Dr. Binayak Sen guilty of sedition and sentenced him to life imprisonment. 10. Justice P.B. Sawant, remarks at hearing of Citizens Initiative for Peace, Speakers Hall, Constitution Club, New Delhi, 20 October, 2009. 11. Hargopal, remarks at hearing of Citizens Initiative for Peace, Speakers Hall, Constitution Club, New Delhi, 20 October, 2009. 12. Project Report by ITM EEC, Batch 20, Group 6, Pankal Tiwary, et al., Where is the Land Going? A Study on Land Grabbing with Reference to Reliance Maha Munabi SEZ (2009), www.scribd.com/doc/ 26213514/Batch20-Group-6-Macro-Economics-Project-Report. 13. Samarendra Das and Felix Padel, Out of This Earth : East India Adivasis and the Aluminium Cartel (New Delhi : Orient BlackSwan, 2010); United Nations Human Development Report 2009, http:// hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/150.html. 14. P. Sainath, 'Mass Media : Masses of Money?' India Together, 25 December 2009, www.indiatogether.org/2009/dec/psa-masses.htm. 15. Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, 'Fix-Ed Case', Tehelka, 14 November, 2009, www. t e h e l k a . c o m / s t o r y _ m a i n 4 3 . a s p ? f i l e n a m e = B u 1 4 11 09fixed_case.asp; 'Chidambaram Faces Flak on Vedanta Links', Business Standard, 9 August, 2006, www.business-standard.com/ india/ news/chidambaram-faces-flakvedanta-links/257339/. 16. Manoj Mitta, 'Petitioners Didn't Have Say on Kapadia Presence', Times of India, 13 October, 2009. 17. Man Mohan, 'College That Trains Cops to Take on Naxalites', Tribune Online (Chandigarh, India), 20 July, 2009, www.tribuneindia.com/2009/ 20090720/main8.htm. 18. Ashok Mitra, 'The Phantom Enemy', Telegraph (India), 23 October, 2009.

Hkwedky dkWejsMksa ds lkFk dky窶電kW 1. Trevor Selvam, 'India for Selective Assassination of its Own Citizens?" Countercurrents.org, 31 January, 2010, www. countercurrents. org/ selvam310110.htm.

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2. Canary Trap, 'Karnataka Lok Ayukta Report on lIIegal Mining', 21 January 2010, http://canarytrap.in/201 0/01/21/ karnataka-Iokayuktareport-on-illegal-mining/. 3. Man Mohan, 'College That Trains Cops to Take on Naxalites', Tribune Online (Chandigarh, India), 20 July, 2009, www.tribuneindia.com/2009/ 20090720/main8.htm. 4. Shoma Chaudhury, 'The Quiet Soldiers of Compassion', Tehelka, 23 August, 2008. 5. Press Trust of India, 'Naxalism Biggest Internal Security Challenge : PM', 13 April, 2006, www.hindustantimes.com/Naxalism-biggestchallenge -PM/Articlel-86531.aspx. 6. See the Ministry of Rural Development's draft report of the Committee on State Agrarian Relations and the Unfinished Task of Land Reform, Vol. 1 (March 2009), www.rd.ap.gov.in/IKPLand/MRD_Committee _Report_ V _01_Mar_09.pdf, and compare this with the final report, http://dolr.nic.in/Committee%20Report.doc. 7. See Frontline.21 October, 2005. 8. The Human Rights Forum (HRF) denies that Balagopal made such a press release. 9. See Judgement of the Supreme Court of India on Mohammad Afzal vs the State (NCT of Delhi), 4 August 2005. 10. Charu Mazumdar, 'Hate, Stamp and Smash Centrism', May 1970, in The Collected Works of Charu Mazumdar (Deshabrati Prakashani, publishing house of the Undivided C.P.1. [M-L], transcribed on the Marxist Internet Archive, www.marxists.org/reference/archive/ mazumdar/1970/05/x01.htm.

lkgch badykc 1. Anonymous, 'The Goose and the Commons', Tickler, 1 February, 1821. 2. Address by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom, 8 July, 2005. 3. Samanth Subramanian and Krish Raghav, 'The Economics of the Games', Wall Street Journal and LiveMint.com, 26 October, 2010, www. livenmint.com/2009/1 0/26205604/The-economics-of-theGames.html.

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4. See Geeta Pandey, 'Delhi Street Vendors Evicted before Commonwealth Games', BBC News, Delhi, 20 August, 2010. 5. 'Delhi to Banish Beggars Ahead of Commonwealth Games', Times of India, 1 September 2009. 6. 'Nearly 80% of India Lives on Half Dollar a Day', Reuters, 8 August, 2007, www.reuters.com/article/idUSDEL218894; 'Foodgrains That Could Feed 1.4 Crore People Rot', CNN-IBN, 27 July, 2010. 7. Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, Millennium : Development Goals窶的ndia Country Report 2009. See also United Nations, The Millennium Development Goals Report 2009 (New York : United Nations, 2009), p. 12. 8. Emily Wax and Rama Lakshmi, 'As Commonwealth Games Loom, "Unfit" Athletes' Village Adds to India's Problems', Washington Post, 24 September, 2010. 9. Jason Burke, 'More of World's Poor Live in India Than in All SubSaharan Africa, Says Study', The Guardian (London), 14 July, 2010. 10. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Indian Independence Day Speech, Red Fort, New Delhi, 15 August, 2010. 11. C.P. Chandrasekhar, 'How Significant is IT in India" The Hindu 31 May, 2010. 12. 'India Needs Labour Transitions to Remove Poverty', Reuters, 6 April, 2009. 13. S. Sakthivel and Pinaki Joddar, 'Unorganised Sector Workforce in India : Trends, Patterns and Social Security Coverage', Economic and Political Weekly, 27 May, 2006. 14. Utsa Patnaik, 'Food Stocks and Hunger in India', paper, 3 August, 2002, www.macroscan.org/pol/aug02/pol030802Food_Stocks.htm. 15. 'Mukesh Ambani Tops for the Third Year as India's Richest', Forbes Asia, 30 September, 2010. The article notes : The combined net worth of India's 100 richest people is $300 billion, up from $276 billion last year. This year, there are 69 billionaires on the India Rich List, 17 more than last year.' India's 2009 GDP was $1.2 trillion. 16. The Associated Press reported in October 2010, 'Today, in a country where 300 million people live on less than $1 a day, the economy is growing at nearly 9 percent and the rich shop for Porsches and Louis Vuitton purses. The number of Indian millionaires jumped by 51 percent last year, reaching more than 127,000.' Tim Sullivan, 'Indian

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17.

18. 19.

20.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

Cram School Town Redraws Lines of Success', Associated Press, 24 October, 2010. Ashok Mitra, A Prattler's Tale : Bengal, Marxism, Governance, translated from the Bengali by Sipra Bhattacharya (Kolkata : Samya Books, 2007). 'I Am Your Soldier in Delhi : Rahul to Tribals', Press Trust of India, 26 August, 2010. P. Chidambaram, The Harish C. Mahindra 2007 Lecture, 'Poor Rich Countries : The Challenges of Development', Harvard University South Asia Initiative, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 18 October, 2007; www.indianembassy.org/prdetail697/finance-minister-mr.-p. chidambaram's-speech-at-the-harvard-university-south-asiainitiative-the-harish-c.-mahindra-2007-lecture-on-andguot%3Bpoorrich-countries%3A-the-challenges-of-developmentandquot"%3B. Ajay Dandekar and Chitrangada Choudhury, 'PESA, Left Wing Extremism and Governance : Concerns and Challenges in India's Tribal Districts', Institute of Rural Management,Anand, commissioned by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India, New Delhi, no date,www.tehelka.com/channels/News/2010/july/10/PESA chapter.pdf. Raman Kirpal, Why You Must Read This Censored Chapter', Tehelka, 10 July, 2010. Ernesto Guevara, Guerrilla Warfare, third ed., eds. Brian Loveman and Thomas M. Davies, Jr (Rowman and Littlfield, 2002), p. 51. Jawed Naqvi, 'Singh Sees "Vital Interest" in Peace with Pakistan', Dawn, 9 June, 2009; http://pmindia.nic.in/speeches.htm Bhagat Singh's Last Petition, no date, www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/ index.asp?link=bhagat_petition. B.G.Verghese, 'Daylight at the Thousand-Star Hotel', Outlook, 3 May, 2010. Chemkuri [Cherukuri] Azad Rajkumar, 'A Last Note to a NeoColonialist', Outlook, 19 July, 2010. Partho Sarathi Ray, 'The Rs. 1500 Crore "Maoist Empire" or How the Police Plants Stories in the Press', Sanhati, 16 April, 2010. 'Chhattisgarh on Top Alert after Deadly Naxal Attack', Press Trust of India, 18 May, 2010; Joseph John, 'Maoists Chopped Limbs, Slit Throats of Injured CRPF Men', www.indianexpress.com/news/ maoists- chopped-limbs-slit -throats-of-injur/ 641291/

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29. Rakhi Chakrabarty, 'Raped Repeatedly, Naxal Leader Quits Red Ranks', Times of India, 24 August, 2010. 30. 'Air Chief Releases Joint Doctrines', Ministry of Defence, 16 June, 2010. See also 'Armed Forces Release New Warfare Doctrine', Press Trust of India, 16 June 2010; and 'Armed Forces Release Two Doctrines on Joint Warfare', Press Trust of India, 16 June, 2010. 31. Gautam Navlakha, 'Azad's Assassination : An Insight into the Indian State's Response to Peoples' Resistance', Sanhati, 25 July, 2010. 32. 'Get Ready to Fight Naxals, Said Chief. Or Did He?' Indian Express, 17 July, 2010. The article notes, interestingly, 'Hours after it put out a press release ... the Defence wing of the Press Information Bureau withdrew the release. No reason was assigned.' 33. 'IAF Can Fire in Self-Defence during Anti-Maoist Operations', Hindustan Times, 12 August, 2010. 34. See Justice (Retired) B.P. Jeevan Reddy, Report of the Committee to Review the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act 1958, submitted to the Government of India in June 2005. 35. Supriya Sharma, 'Finally, Army Moves into Maoist Territory', Times of India, 14 December, 2010. 36. South Asia Terrorism Portal, Table: 'Fatalities in Left-wing Extremism2010', www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/ maoist/ data_sheets/ fatalitiesnaxal.asp. 37. 'Wanted Naxals Protected by Forests, Mines', Indo-Asian News Service, Raipur, 8 April, 2010. 38. Azad, 'Hail the Daring and the Biggest Ever Guerrilla Attack on the Hired Mercenaries of the Indian State Carried Out by the Heroic PLGA Guerrillas in Chhattisgarh!' press statement for the Central Committee of the CPI (Maoist), 8 April, 2010. 39. 'Fresh Maoist Attacks Feared in Chhattisgarh Towns', Sify News, 9 April, 2010. 40. Sumanta Banerjee, In the Wake of Naxalbari: A History of the Naxalite Movement in India (Calcutta : Subarnarekha, 1980). 41. Kaustav Banerjee and Partha Saha, 'The NREGA, the Maoists and the Developmental Woes of the Indian State', Economic and Political Weekly, 10 July, 2010. 42. Nirmalangshu Mukherji, 'Arms Over People', Outlook, 19 May, 2010. 43. Quoting the 'Aims and Objects ofVishva Hindu Parishad', no date.

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44. See Arundhati Roy, The Shape of the Beast : Conversations with Arundhati Roy (New Delhi : Viking, Penguin India, 2008), pp. 225-30. 45. Press Trust of India, 'Chhattisgarh : 55 Killed in Naxal Bloodbath', 15 March, 2007. 46. Samarendra Das and Felix Padel, Out of This Earth : East India Adivasis and the Aluminium Cartel (New Delhi : Orient BlackSwan, 2010). lll

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