DRY DOCK ONE Reclaiming Use of a Mare Island Graving Dock
UC Davis Senior Project 2015 Taylor Baer i
DRY DOCK ONE Reclaiming Use of a Mare Island Graving Dock
UC Davis Senior Project 2015 Taylor Baer
2
DRY DOCK ONE
Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of:
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE In the Department of Human Ecology University of California, Davis Approved:__________________ Brett Milligan, Senior Project Chair ____________________________ David de la Pe単a, Senior Project Advisor ____________________________ Emily Schlickman, Technical Advisor 2015
3
4
Contents 06 Figures 08 Abstract 09 Acknowledgments
INTRODUCTION
ANALYSIS 46 48 50 52
12 Objectives 15 Significance
DRY DOCK 19 Overview 20 Caisson
MARE ISLAND 24 26 29 30 31 33
Context History Shipyard Historic District Vision Dry Dock One
Typologies Opportunities + Constraints Site Analysis Tidal Flux
DESIGN 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74
Inspirational Forms Design Goals Parti Plan Rendering EW Section Social Programming NS Section Dry Dock Botanical Garden Rendering
CONCLUSION 78 References 80 Illustration References 82 Thank You
PRECEDENT STUDIES 36 Danish National Maritime History Museum 38 Zhongshan Shipyard Park 40 Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park 42 Waitangi Park
5
List of Illustrations 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3
Naval ship in Dry Dock One Shipyard crane Stored shipyard cranes
2.0 DRY DOCK 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
2.5 2.6 2.7
Mare Island’s Dry Dock One Model of Mare Island Dry Dock One Dry Dock Section Model of unused dry dock Model of filled dry dock Model of open caisson Model of drained dry dock
3.0 MARE ISLAND 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Aerial of Mare Island shipyard Aerial of San Pablo Bay Historical Dry Dock One Submarines constructed in Dry Dock One 3.5 Historical caisson 3.6 Historical Dry Dock Two 3.7 Historical aerial of Dry Dock Two 3.8 Historical Mare Island Shipyard 3.9 Original island 1854 3.10 Mare Island 1899 3.11 Mare Island 1916 3.12 Mare Island 1939 3.13 Current Mare Island 3.14 Aerial of Mare Island 3.15 Aerial of Dry Dock One
6
4.0 PRECEDENT STUDIES 4.1 4.2 4.3
Old employment center, Mare Island Aerial of Maritime Museum in fall Aerial of Maritime Museum in summer 4.4 Shipyard park aerial 4.5 Shipyard park perspective 4.6 Wetland in summer 4.7 Wetland in the fall 4.8 Dry dock wetland 4.9 Aerial of Waitangi Park
5.0 ANALYSIS 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12
Lennar housing development Mare Island Aerial Suburban typology map Industrial typology map Wetland typology map Dredge Pond typology map Shipyard Context Aerial Opp + Con Diagram Barrier diagram Vehicular circulation diagram Unused Space Diagram Commercially occupied space diagram 5.13 Informal waterfront access diagram 5.14 Mare Island historic district diagram 5.15 Off site views from ground level diagram 5.16 Off site view from 20’ diagram 5.17 Tidal flux diagram 5.18 High tide diagram 5.19 Average tide diagram 5.20 Low tide diagram
6.0 DESIGN 6.1 6.2
6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14
Mare Island building 680 Wooden ship skeleton Indian stepwell Stepwell pattern River tributaries Delta fluvial patterns Metal ship skeleton Beached ship
7.0 CONCLUSION 7.1
Mare Island building 680
Mare Island 680 Design parti Design plan Perspective one EW Section Exploded Axon Typical social condition diagram Mono-focal event diagram Multi-focal event diagram NS section Annual Pickleweed California Sea-blite Ditch-carrot Suisun Marsh aster Brass-buttons SF Bay gumplant Rayless smooth goldfields Salt marsh fleabane Wild heliotrope
6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 Perspective two
7
Abstract
This project explores the potential of Mare Island’s historic Dry Dock One as a historically significant piece of infrastructure by utilizing its proximity to active dry docks to create awareness and education about the importance of shipyards and dry docks and how that relates to the surrounding landscape.
8
Acknowledgments
I would like to express my gratitude towards my advisors Brett Milligan, David De La Pe単a, and Sheryl-Ann Simpson and classmates Danica, Carmen, and Nate for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.
9
INTRO
10
Introduction
12 Objectives 15 Significance
1.1 Naval ship in Dry Dock One 11
Objectives
01 understand the significance of the dry dock’s environmental context 02 understand the role of shipyard infrastructure 03 create thorough analysis of Mare Island’s Shipyard 04 create an integrated, interactive, ecologically productive design utilizing Mare Island’s Dry Dock One
12
Introduction
1.2 Shipyard crane
13
14
Introduction
Significance
This project aims to shed light on the potential of dry docks to function as public spaces that educate on the ecological, naval, and infrastructural systems related to shipyards and dry docks.
1.3 Stored shipyard cranes 15
DRY DOCKS
16
Dry Docks
19 Overview 20 Components 22 Caisson
2.1 Mare Island’s Dry Dock One 17
ship entrance end grating culvert caisson + culverts dock chamber
head end
565’
130’
130’
40’
18
Dry Docks
Dry Dock Overview
Dry Dock “a dock that can be kept dry and that is used for building or repairing boats or ships� - Merrium Webster
There are several notable types of dry docks: floating docks, slip lifts, and graving docks. Figure 2.3, shown on the left is a profile of the Mare Island graving dock. A graving dock is recognized as a type of dry dock that is a permanent, excavated, subsurface structure as compared to a floating dock, which floats the ship above the surface of the water for maintenance. There are several elements of a graving dock that need to be considered to understand the general function: the caisson and flooding method, and the dewatering system. Most dry docks flood and fill through 30-inch culverts in its caisson. This method can be used exclusively, but the flood speed with vary based on the number of flooding tubes in the caisson. This form of flooding is considered the most efficient and can be used in conjunction with other methods of flooding to speed up the process.
2.2 Model of Mare Island Dry Dock One 2.3 Dry dock section
The dewatering system deals with the basic draining and pumping systems within the graving dock. The main dewatering system in a dry dock is used to remove water from the basin during dock operations. Water is pumped through large grating covered culverts in the base near the caisson by an adjacent pump suction chamber and drained off site.
19
The Dry Dock Caisson pump house caisson
00 Typical
In the typical state, the dry dock is empty and dry and the caisson is locked into place sealing the entrance end of the dry dock.
From Left 2.4 Model of unused dry dock From Right 2.5 Model of filled dry dock 2.6 Model of open caisson 2.7 Model of drained dry dock
20
Dry Docks
01 Fill
During the fill state the culverts in the caisson are opened and water moves from the waterway into the dry dock. When the dry dock is full the culverts are closed.
02 Entry
After the dry dock is filled the caisson is lifted from its locked position and taxied to the side of the dry dock entrance allowing the ship to enter.
03 Drain
The caisson is put back into place and the water is drained from the dry dock through trench drains in the base of the dry dock. The ship is repositioned occasionally to line up with stilts that support the ship when the dock is completely drained.
21
MARE ISLAND
22
Mare Island
24 26 29 30 31 33
Context History Shipyard Historic District Vision Dry Dock One
3.1 Aerial of Mare Island Shipyard 23
The Context of Mare Island
Mare Island is located on the western edge of the City of Vallejo in southwestern Solano County. It is located roughly 30 miles northeast of San Francisco and is bounded by San Pablo Bay on the west, Mare Island Strait on the east, and the San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge on the north (Mare Island, 2007). The entire site is located within the city of Vallejo located on the opposite side of the strait. There is currently only two ways to access the site by vehicle, the first being on the mare island causeway and the second being Sears Point Rd. Mare Island is approximately 3.5 miles long by one mile wide and is composed of roughly 5,250 acres. This includes the 1,448 acres of refuse areas and conservation easements, and 3,787 acres of dredge ponds, wetlands, and submerged lands (Mare Island, 2007). Currently Mare Island is owned by several organizations, agencies, and entities. The most prominent being the United States Navy who owns a majority of the wetlands and submerged lands. The second most prominent is Lennar Developers who control the shipyard, dredge ponds, and residential development. The shipyard on the eastern side of the peninsula is heavily developed and certain areas are heavily contaminated with lead, heavy metals, and nuclear waste, myriad of these sites exist and are blocked off to public access (White, 2012). In contrast the western portion of the peninsula is a large tidal marshland and submerged lands. The middle of the site is currently under development as a small suburban neighborhood and is surrounded by the shipyard warehouses and the dredge ponds.
3.2 Aerial of San Pablo Bay 24
Mare Island
Mare Island
Vallejo San Francisco
graphic on naval reserve fleet
San Pablo Bay
25
The History of Mare Island
From Left to Right 3.3 Historical Dry Dock One 3.4 Submarines constructed in Dry Dock One 3.5 Historical caisson 3.6 Historical Dry Dock Two 3.7 Historical aerial of Dry Dock Two 3.8 Historical Mare Island Shipyard
26
Mare Island
From Left to Right 3.9 Original island 1854 3.10 Mare Island 1899 3.11 Mare Island 1916 3.12 Mare Island 1939 3.13 Current Mare Island
1996
1975
1954
1939
1860
Mare Island Naval Shipyard is officially closed on April 1.
The National Parks Service names 45 Mare Island buildings historic landmarks. Revenue from submarine overhaul and refueling totals $288,229,000.
Mare Island celebrates its 100th anniversary with an extravagant, four day affair, attracting thousands. The Navy announces the yard’s future role in building and repairing nuclear submarines, the island’s primary work until closure.
Mare Island reaches its highest productivity during World War II and is one of the busiest shipyards in the world. Employment peaks at 41,000 workers, including 9,000 women.
First ship built on Mare Island was launched.
1852 Commodore John Drake Sloat recommends to President Millard Fillmore that 800 acres comprising Mare Island be purchased to establish the first Naval yard and ammunition depot on the Pacific Coast. 1835
General Mariano Vallejo, the Mexican Commandant for Northern California, renames the island “Isla de la Yegua,” or Mare Island. According to legend, the general’s white mare had fallen overboard from a barge during transport across the Carquinez Strait, only to reappear days later ashore. 27
Mare Island Strait Mare Island Shipyard Vallejo
San Pablo Bay
28
Mare Island
A Site Introduction of Mare Island’s Shipyard
Mare Island was purchased by the US congress in 1852 to be used as the first West Coast naval base. The first ship built on Mare Island was launched in 1860 and throughout Mare Islands 150 year history it has produced more than 500 naval vessels and 300 of those were manufactured during World War II. In all, 513 vessels, ranging from wooden sailing ships to nuclear-powered submarines, were constructed, and as many as 1,227 were repaired and overhauled in the shipyard (Mare Island, 2007). Due to poor environmental regulations and standards during most of Mare Islands use the site is heavily contaminated with hazardous products created through the ship manufacturing, repair, and breaking processes occurring in the four dry docks. In 1993 BRAC Commission issued a report to President Clinton recommending Mare Island’s closure, which was approved. Mare Island’s shipyard closed on April 1, 1996 (Mare Island, 2007). Currently the dry docks are used by private companies like Mare Island Shipyard LLC to dismantle and repair private and military vessels (York, 2015). Several of these vessels to be dismantled are from the Mothball Ghost fleet docked just off the shores of Benicia. Currently dry docks two, three, and four are in use. Dry Dock One is currently unused because it is listed on the National Park Services Register of Historic Places and sits currently unused. The dock is located inside of the historic district which also includes several of mare islands oldest buildings like building No. 46 which is currently used as the mare Island Museum, and is operated by the Mare Island Historic Park Foundation (Mare Island Historic Park). Mare Island’s shipyard is the oldest naval facility on the West Coast, established six years after Mexico ceded the area to the United State and four year after California was admitted to the Union (Mare Island, 2007). Therefore has great historical significance and must be handled with great care during its transformation into a mixed-use development.
3.14 Aerial of Mare Island 29
Mare Island Historic District
As the oldest shipyard and naval facility on the West Coast, portions of Mare Island Shipyard have been designated as a National Historic Landmarks. Over a period of twenty years buildings and structures have been added to this designation list. Finally, in 1999, the City of Vallejo designated this conglomeration of buildings the Mare Island National Register Historic District which now contains 42 individual City Landmarks (Mare Island, 2007). The Historic District includes 65 percent of the Mare Island Shipyard, 661 buildings, structure and sites, which includes Dry Dock One. Portions of the Historic District specifically the “Mare island Naval Shipyard” have been designated as National Historic Landmarks. This listing has been divided into four geographic districts covering 50 buildings and structures. Area A is the historic core, which contains some of the most significant structure on Mare Island, including the oldest shops, oldest residences, the post chapel, and the first dry dock (Dry Dock One) constructed on the West Coast (Mare Island, 2007). According to the 2007 Specific Plan, the two main goals of the historic district is to spur economic development for Mare Island and Vallejo and to preserve and improve historically and architecturally significant structures and neighborhoods. This will be done through policies that recognize the significance of Mare Island’s resources and will continue the cities cultural and aesthetic heritage the most significant being:
01 Encourage the adaptive reuse of contributing resources to meet the
needs of the community including economic development, job creation, and additional cultural, educational and recreational opportunities.
02 Enhance property values and increase economic benefits to the community through the implementation of creative incentives for preservation. 03 Protect and enhance Mare Island’s attractions to tourism and thereby economic development. 30
Mare Island
Vision
“The vision of Mare Island as a vital new place where people live and work within the context of a wellestablished, highly distinctive and historically significant fabric of buildings and landscape.�
- Mare Island Specific Plan
31
32
Mare Island
Introduction to Dry Dock One
Located in the heart of Reuse Area A of the National Register Historic District it has been deemed a City Landmark. Reuse Area 4 is intended to be anchored by the Mare Island Museum and a waterfront promenade and plaza located at the south edge of the waterfront. Due to its historical significance Dry Dock One will play a large role in the redevelopment of this area and will function as one of the main historical naval infrastructural attractions for the area. Construction of the dry dock was started in 1872 and took 19 years to complete. Dry Dock One is a medium sized graving dock constructed out of large granite blocks. Its form takes a terraced appearance with a semicircle head end. Other types of head ends include a square and trapezoid. The semicircle is used on medium sized docks and makes for simple trackwork for the surrounding cranes but does not allow for easy future extensions to the dock. Dry Dock One floods through four 30-inch culverts in its caisson, and drains through grating culverts near the caisson into the pump house located just south of the dry dock. There are four unused shipyard cranes stored around the dry dock that are each roughly 20 ft wide, 60 ft long, and 100 ft in height. The dry dock is roughly 565 ft long, 130 ft wide, and 40 ft deep. Each terrace has a 1 ft tread with a 1.16 ft riser making the base width of the dock roughly 55 ft wide.
3.15 Aerial of Dry Dock One 33
PRECEDENTS
34
Precedence
36 38 40 42
Danish National Maritime Museum Zhongshan Shipyard Park Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park Waitangi Park
4.1 Old Employment Center, Mare Island 35
Danish National Maritime Museum Helsingor, Denmark Size: 53819 sqft Designer: Bjarke Ingles Group
36
The Danish Maritime Museum is located in a unique historic and spatial context: between on of Denmark’s most important and famous buildings the Kronbork Castle and the Culture Yard a new, ambitious cultural center. BIG proposed to place the museum underground, just outside the wall of the dock in order to preserve the dock as an open, outdoor display, maintaining the powerful structure as the center of the Maritime Museum.
Precedence
By placing the museum this way, it appears as part of the cultural environment associated with the Kronborg castle and the neighboring Culture Yard, while at the same time manifesting itself as an independent institution.
Critique
The beauty of this project comes from the juxtaposition of matte concrete of the existing forms with the metallic material and sharp geometries of the new forms. The design does a fair job of preserving the original form of the dry dock and the new pathways provide the ability to observe the parts of the dry dock that were preserved. This passive form of preservation and reuse of the infrastructure allows for a more interesting and dynamic experience that could not be achieved if the dry dock was preserved entirely for the purpose of observation.
Although this project is successful there was a missed opportunity in not adding vegetation. The space feels cold and sterile. This may be the intent of the design, the purpose for structure is to function as an art gallery and the sterility of the space refocuses the attention onto the artwork. The lack of vegetation makes the space harsh and uninviting.
From Left 4.2 Aerial of Maritime Museum in fall 4.3 Aerial of Maritime Museum in summer 37
Zhongshan Shipyard Park
Guangdong Province, China Size: 27 acres
It is built on the site of an abandoned shipyard originally constructed in the 1950s, bankrupt in 1999, seemingly insignificant in Chinese history, and therefore likely to be razed to give space for urban development and a grand “Baroque� garden. But the shipyard reflected the remarkable fifty-year history of socialist China, including the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s and ’70s, and recorded the experiences of common people.
Designer: Turenscape
38
Precedence
The principle of reducing, reusing, and recycling natural and manmade materials is followed. Original vegetation and natural habitats were preserved, just as only native plants were used throughout. Machines, docks, and other industrial structures were recycled for educational, aesthetic, and functional purposes.
Critique
Zhongshan Shipyard Park is an excellent example of historical reintegration. Although much of the historic forms are removed from the shipyard, what remains are the most significant forms. The approach is almost as though Turenscape preserved the parti’s of the structures and highlighted them using brightly colored paint. Although this form of preservation is done with a heavy hand it allows the space to become much more functional and adapted to modern needs but still recalls the physical relationships of the structures and creates more intrigue to visitors because they are no longer literal interpretations of their previous function.
The integration of the old and new was handled well in this design, but the design could have been improved by providing more interactivity with the waterfront. A shipyard has the rare of dealing with both aquatic and land environments, by providing a balance of both experiences it would have increased connection with the original use of the space.
From Left 4.4 Shipyard park aerial 4.5 Shipyard park perspective 39
Tianjin Qiaoyuan Park
Tianjin City, China Size: 54 acres Designer: Turenscape
40
This is a park of twenty-two hectares (fifty-four acres) in the northern coastal city of Tianjin, China. Rapid urbanization had changed a peripheral shooting range into a garbage dump and drainage sink for urban storm water; the site was heavy polluted, littered, deserted, and surrounded with slums and temporary rickety structures, which had been torn down before the design was commissioned. The soil is quite saline and alkaline. Densely populated at the south and east boundaries, the site is bounded on the west and north sides by a highway and an overpass.
Precedence
The overall design goal for this project is to create a park that can provide a diversity of nature’s services for the city and the surrounding urban residents, including: containing and purifying urban storm water; improving the saline-alkali soil through natural processes; recovering the regional landscape with low maintenance native vegetation; providing opportunities for environmental education about native landscapes and natural systems, storm water management, soil improvement, and landscape sustainability; creating a cherished aesthetic experience.
Critique
Tainjin Qiaoyuan Park is an ecological marvel. The use of form and circulation to create a distinct pattern of ponds and pathways is masterfully executed. This productive park creates habitat, restores environmental health, and provides unique visual experience that is both expansive and intimate in scale. The heavy use of native vegetation and “natural” aesthetic make the park experience seasonally dependent, increasing the visitor’s connection to the change of the seasons.
The site also includes large scaffolding for elevated observation and viewing of the wetlands and surrounding lake. On the southern portion of the site there are large gathering spaces that provide space for groups and events. These spaces could be more open for mixed recreation but still offer a variety of experiences as they are currently built.
From Left 4.6 Wetland in summer 4.7 Wetland in the fall 41
Waitangi Park
Wellington, New Zealand Size: 6 acres Designer: Wraight + Associates
42
This project, utilizes the old shipyard to create a world-class urban park. Utilizing the existing graving dock as an urban wetland, Waitangi Park is both social and environmental amenity to the city. Waitangi Park created a benchmark for sustainable landscape design in the Wellington Region. The park’s environmentally sustainable design and the water sensitive urban design strategy not only contributes to improved water quality but also contributes to the visual appeal of the park generating a unique character for the place.
Precedence
Waitangi Park redefines the concept of the urban park for Wellington and displays innovations across a wide spectrum, from design and engineering to sustainability and interpretation. Water conservation through the daylighting and cleaning of Waitangi stream have improved the water quality of storm water runoff and improved the publics understanding of water conservation and treatment in an urban setting.
Critique
Waitangi Park has become a hugely successful waterfront park. The open green space, widened sidewalks, and underground urban wetland provide a unique experience that is open to all types of social programming opportunities. The underground wetland that treats the surrounding storm water also makes this design wildly beneficial for the health of the greater ecology.
Although Waitangi Park has become a high functioning storm water treatment system, the design does not retain the iconic form of the dry dock. This is most likely to create a smooth transition when integrating the treated storm water in with the ocean but it is difficult to tell that the dry dock was even part of the original landscape. This is a large misstep in design aesthetics and historical preservation of the shipyard character.
From Left 4.8 Dry dock wetland 4.9 Aerial of Waitangi Park 43
ANALYSIS
44
Analysis
46 48 50 52
Typologies Opportunities + Constraints Site Analysis Tidal Flux
5.1 Lennar housing development 45
The Typologies of Mare Island
Mare Island, can be divided into four distinct typologies formed from its extremely specific function as a long standing United States Naval base. As it undergoes a second transformation into a mixed-use development these typologies will be important to consider.
Suburban development has been a relatively new addition to Mare Island’s typologies. Occurring mostly within the past 15 years this new development and future developments will become the transition zone between the eastern industrial waterfront and the tidal marshland and mudflats of the San Pablo Bay. As the island’s contaminated sites are remediated more residential and mixed-use development will take its place. Increasing the industrial/naval typology has been the driving force behind the development of Mare Island. Although the original island was not created with the purpose of naval occupation the island’s purpose, the Mare Island shipyard and naval base became the epicenter for ship production. In current condition the industrial typology of the island remains more a contaminated relic of its rich but toxic past. Preserving this naval infrastructure is key to maintaining the aesthetic sense of place on Mare Island. The wetland typology taking up the larger portion of Mare Island was created entirely through the dredge process. Through natural vegetation succession this portion of the island has become home to several endangered species and species of concern, the most notable being the Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse. This sensitive typology is now covered with prime habitat, remnants of shipyard utilities, and live munitions. Along with the industrial/naval typology the dredge ponds are filled with heavy metals, live munitions, and petroleum bi-products making them some of the more contaminated areas on Mare Island. The contamination is due to dredging to the adjacent strait. These ponds act as a buffer between the developed portion of the peninsula and the marsh. Although they are not prime habitat they provide nesting grounds for the Redwing Blackbird. 46
Analysis
From Top 5.2 Mare Island Aerial 5.3 Suburban typology map 5.4 Industrial typology map 5.5 Wetland typology map 5.6 Dredge Pond typology map
Suburban
Industrial
Wetlands
Dredge Ponds
47
Opportunities and Constraints
From Left 5.7 Shipyard Context Aerial From Right 5.8 Opp + Con Diagram
48
Analysis
Mare Island Strait
0’
3 to
Mare Island Museum
d ge ed Dr
Mare Island Historic Park Foundation
ys 1 Wa ys 2 Wa
Connection to waterfront Utilize unused cranes
k1
Create stronger connection to Historic Core Connection to Shipyard operation
0’
o3 dt
ge
y
ed Dr
Dr
c Do
Dry
Doc
k2
Dre
dg
Dry
Do
ck
ed
3
to 3
0’
Fence as barrier Treat contaminated water from adjacent dry docks Provide interactive space for residential
D Dry
ock
4
Only Area of Formal Waterfront Acess Near Residential Softscape Residential Historic District
Current Fence Crane Track Rail Line
49
Site Analysis
From Left 5.9 Barrier diagram 5.10 Vehicular circulation diagram 5.11 Unused Space Diagram 5.12 Commercially occupied space diagram
1
1
DD
DD
Vehicular Circulation
Barriers
1
1
DD
DD
Commercially Occupied Space
Unused Space
50
Analysis
From Right 5.13 Informal waterfront access diagram 5.14 Mare Island historic district diagram 5.15 Off site views from ground level diagram 5.16 Off site view from 20’ diagram
1
DD
Informal Waterfront Access
1
DD
Off site Views from Ground Level
1
DD
Mare Island Historic District
1
DD
Off site Views from 20’ Above Ground Level 51
Tidal Flux Of Mare Island Strait Average Tidal Flux in Mare Island Strait
6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00
6.31 6.30 6.30 6.28 6.27 6.26 6.22 6.20 6.15 6.09 6.04 5.93 5.88 5.70 5.69 5.46 5.40 5.29 5.21 5.04 4.92 4.92 4.60 4.50 4.26 4.08 3.92 3.74 3.66 3.58
2.00 1.00 0.00 MLLW -2.88 -1.00
2.13 2.11 2.07 2.02 1.90 1.90 1.75 1.64 1.61 1.46 1.31 1.31 1.12 0.95 0.87 0.67 0.59 0.58 0.38 0.30 0.27 0.15 0.06 -0.01 -0.02 July -0.11 -0.14 -0.21 -0.22 -0.24
7.06 7.04 6.92 6.84 6.67 6.44 6.38 6.07 5.88 5.79 5.55 5.38 5.36 5.28 5.25 5.20 5.20 5.13 5.07 5.07 5.01 4.98 4.95 4.84 4.68 4.66 4.47 4.24 4.24 4.12
2014
2.21 2.21 2.19 2.18 2.15 2.13 2.08 2.07 2.01 1.99 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.73 1.71 1.6 1.3 1.2 0.79 0.73 0.24 0.23 -0.26 -0.29 -0.69 -0.74 -1.01 -1.05 -1.19 -1.21
6.57 6.53 6.48 6.36 6.27 6.09 5.96 5.74 5.6 5.36 5.24 5.12 4.99 4.98 4.98 4.97 4.95 4.93 4.91 4.86 4.86 4.82 4.78 4.78 4.74 4.73 4.72 4.68 4.65 4.42
2.44 2.42 2.28 2.24 2.01 1.96 1.67 1.62 1.31 1.28 0.95 0.93 0.63 0.61 0.37 0.31 0.31 0.27 0.20 0.20 0.13 0.12 October 0.08 0.05 -0.08 -0.16 -0.23 -0.3 -0.33 -0.36
6.10 6.07 6.07 6.01 5.98 5.96 5.96 5.95 5.85 5.83 5.8 5.77 5.69 5.68 5.58 5.57 5.56 5.53 5.52 5.34 5.28 5.28 5.17 5.10 5.01 5.00 4.84 4.80 4.72 4.70
2014
2.29 2.25 2.24 2.12 2.10 1.96 1.84 1.78 1.61 1.51 1.45 1.31 1.16 1.14 0.97 0.76 0.72 0.43 0.42 0.15 0.11 -0.06 -0.14 -0.19 -0.25 -0.34 -0.46 -0.48 -0.56 -0.56
6.65 6.62 6.61 6.51 6.35 6.34 6.32 6.30 6.28 6.26 6.24 6.18 6.13 6.08 5.94 5.85 5.75 5.54 5.51 5.28 5.12 5.00 4.68 4.68 4.34 4.24 4.00 3.86 3.73 3.66
As shown in the graphic above the tidal flux of Mare Island Strait is an average of 5 ft. The flux remains relatively unnoticed because there is no waterfront access and no connection to the water. Tidal flux is will remain an important factor in connecting the community with the waterfront through this design.
52
2.23 2.23 2.22 2.2 2.2 2.17 2.17 2.15 2.13 2.11 2.00 2.00 1.99 1.83 1.76 1.70 1.43 1.26 1.01 0.73 0.54 0.17 0.07 -0.33 -0.36 -0.72 -0.73 -0.96 -0.97 January -1.05
7.06 6.99 6.96 6.79 6.66 6.52 6.22 6.18 5.94 5.7 5.57 5.52 5.38 5.28 5.21 5.17 5.16 5.16 5.15 5.15 5.09 4.96 4.95 4.84 4.77 4.58 4.45 4.33 4.24
2015
2.29 2.25 2.24 2.12 2.1 1.96 1.84 1.78 1.61 1.51 1.45 1.31 1.16 1.14 0.97 0.76 0.72 0.43 0.42 0.15 0.11 -0.06 -0.14 -0.19 -0.25 -0.34 -0.46 -0.48 -0.56 -0.56
5.61 5.6 5.57 5.57 5.55 5.53 5.51 5.5 5.46 5.42 5.4 5.37 5.33 5.32 5.3 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.19 5.14 5.1 5.1 4.99 4.98 4.83 4.78 4.7 4.65 4.62
2.18 2.14 2.06 1.95 1.79 1.66 1.46 1.33 1.17 1.1 0.99 0.91 0.75 0.68 0.66 0.47 0.39 0.29 0.18 0.15 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01
6.5 6.48 6.37 6.31 6.11 6.02 5.77 5.63 5.38 5.2 5.12 5.11 5.06 4.98 4.97 4.83 4.8 4.67 4.62 4.49 4.48 4.42 4.35 4.33 4.32 4.3 4.29 4.18 4.17
April 2015
2.37 2.32 2.24 2.04 2.02 1.78 1.59 1.53 1.29 1.07 1.04 1.01 0.87 0.86 0.73 0.71 0.59 0.59 0.46 0.42 0.21 -0.05 -0.07 -0.34 -0.49 -0.61 -0.76 -0.8 -0.86
From Left 5.17 Tidal flux diagram From Right 5.18 High tide diagram 5.19 Average tide diagram 5.20 Low tide diagram
Analysis
01 High Tide
Avg
02 Avg Tide
03 Low Tide
Avg
53
DESIGN
54
Design
56 58 61 63 64 66 68 70 72 74
Inspirational Forms Design Goals Parti Plan + Components Rendering EW Section Social Programming NS Section Dry Dock Botanical Garden Rendering
6.1 Mare Island building 680 55
Inspirational Forms
From Left 6.2 Wooden ship skeleton From Right 6.3 Indian stepwell 6.4 Stepwell pattern 6.5 River tributaries 6.6 Delta fluvial patterns 6.7 Metal ship skeleton 6.8 Beached ship
The repeating linear pattern of the terraced walls of Dry Dock One called for inspiration from similar patterns and structures found near the shipyard. The ship skeleton, the delta tributaries, and the stepwell stairs can all be found near dry dock one and play a role in the historical, ecological, and social significance of the site.
01
56
Design
02
03
04
05
06
07
01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Wooden Ship Skeleton Indian Stepwell Stepwell Pattern River Tributaries Delta Fluvial Patterns Metal Ship Skeleton Beached Ship 57
Design Goals
01 improve community connection to waterfront 02 create an ecologically productive system 03 enhance the historical significance of dry dock infrastructure 04 create an interactive/educational tourist attraction
58
6.9 Mare Island Building 680
59
60
Design
Parti The form of this parti was inspired by the fluvial patterns of the delta tributaries. Although naturally curvilinear the complexity of the curves was abstracted using straight lines. The lines of the parti are applied to the geometries of the internal circulation in the dry dock; the sharp angles of the path compliment the existing architectonic lines and shapes of the dry dock but still evoke a dynamic energy that the dry dock does not. The lines represent the movement and flow of water and the circles represent the nodes of rest, similar to the areas in the delta tributaries where the water slows and eddies. The circulation that emerges from this parti provides a controlled experience of flow and rest with observation experiences reaching to both sides of the dry dock.
6.10 Design parti 61
02
01
10
04
05 13
03 08
15 11
06
04
04
12 14 09
62
07
Design
Design Components
Inspired by the form of the sublime, this design aims to create greater social integration with the historical value of the dry dock and the surrounding ecologies of the California Delta. Dry Dock One will be repurposed as a dynamic tidal marshland. Using the original system of the dry dock will, it flood and drain in sync with the fluctuation of high and low tide. Water will pour through the caisson during the swell of high tide and drain through the grating culverts during the recession of low tide, mimicking the natural conditions of the water flux in a tidally influenced marsh.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Amphitheater Elevated Perimeter Walk Tidal Estuary Re-purposed Shipyard Crane Transparent Slide Glass Elevator Re-purposed Caisson Lower Atrium Overlook Perimeter Path Pump house Flood Dependent Caisson Overlook Storm Water Trench + Display Rain Garden Urban Waterfront New Submerged Entrance
This can all be observed from undulating transparent aerial walkways that lead visitors around the dry dock allowing them to observe both the form and function of the original dock, the beautiful vegetation, and the cycle of the tides. Using the original system of flooding and draining, the dock educates visitors on how the dry dock functions in a very active and interesting way. This controlled experience is complimented by the open use of the north side of the dry dock as an urban waterfront that provides visual access to Mare Island Strait and views of Vallejo. Along with a highlighting the history of Dry Dock One this design takes advantage of the interesting views of the adjacent and active shipyard to the south. A large elevated ramp 20 ft above ground level frames the head and south ends of the dry dock. This height creates unobstructed views of the shipyard highlighting the shipyard activities. The final two ways to interact with the dry dock are through two of the repurposed cranes. From one crane a transparent slide spirals down to a central node in the center of the dry dock. The other is a glass observatory that is hoisted up 90 ft into the air by a cranes winch. This will provided pristine scenic views of the entire mare island, the bay, and the city of Vallejo. The final aspect of the design is the integration of storm water capture into the dry dock. Runoff from the new and existing developments will be directed and day lit as it enters the wetland at the base of the dry dock. The integration of storm water help reinforce education on the importance of proper storm water management while sparking conversation about estuarine habitat created through the mixing of fresh and salt water. By integrating the storm water into the dry dock wetland it can be properly treated of contaminants within the wetland before integrating back into the Mare Island Strait.
6.11 Design plan 63
Area of mixing fresh and salt water
64
Design
6.12 Perspective one
Day lit rain garden treats runoff from nearby area Overflow into Graving Dock
65
EW Section 100’
Crane Operated Glass Elevator
Water Overlook 0’
-40’
Floodable Caisson Overlook
High Tide Caisson Inflow
Low Tide Drain Outflow To Pumphouse 66
Design
6.13 EW Section
Overlook + Transparent Slide
Elevated Walk
Amphitheater Lower Atrium
Stormwater Runoff Inflow high tide average low tide
Views of Interest No Views of Interest
67
Programmable Space 01 02 03
Iconic Activities
Educational Nodes
Circulation Space
Vegetated Space
Elevated Observation Space
From Left 6.14 Exploded Axon From Right 6.15 Typical social condition diagram 6.16 Mono-focal event diagram 6.17 multi-focal event diagram
Social Programming 68
Design
01
02
03
01 Typical Condition
02 Mono-focal Event
03 Multi-focal Event
In the typical condition people congregate and gather in the larger vegetated area. This space can be used for “hanging out” activities.
During this scenario a large stage is placed on the waterfront. The crane is moved from a neutral position to a more active position in the landscape. The crane is utilized to hold a screen for activities like movie in the park or long distance concert viewing.
A multi-focal scenario would include large vendor events like a farmers market, craft fair, art gallery, and car shows. This spaces can provide enough room for 46 15’x15’ tents in this configuration.
69
NS Section
Elevated Perimeter Path
70
Perimeter Path
Tidal Wetland
S
Design
Entry Skywalk
6.18 NS section
Softened Entry
Entry Plaza
71
Dry Dock Botanical Garden
By transforming the base of the dry dock into a tidal marshland the a new opportunity for education presents itself. Utilizing the elevated transparent pathways and observatories, the dry dock can function as an experimental botanical garden. By controlling the conditions of the dry docks tidal flux integrating storm water a variety of environmental conditions will occur providing habitat for myriad types of estuarine and tidal marsh flora. The dry dock can become a botanical event space similar to Tainjin Qiaoyuan Park. Plants like Annual Pickleweed and the Suisun Marsh aster bloom and change color during certain times of the year as other plants recede and die. The dry dock will become constantly evolving display of colors and textures throughout the year. Being able to walk over the plants on the transparent pathways creates a new perspective and way to learn about the plants and will begin to unveil patterns in color, form, and texture not normally observed. Also visitors of the dry dock will be able to learn more about the flora of marshland habitat creating a stronger connection between people and their environment.
6.19 Annual Pickleweed 6.20 California Sea-blite 6.21 Ditch-carrot 6.22 Suisun Marsh aster 6.23 Brass-buttons 6.24 SF Bay gumplant 6.25 Rayless smooth goldfields 6.26 Salt marsh fleabane 6.27 Wild heliotrope 6.28 Perennial saltmarsh sand spurrey 72
Design
01
02
Vegetation 01 Salicornia europaea L. Annual Pickleweed
02 Suaeda californica S. Watson California Sea-blite
03 Oenanthe sarmentosa J.S. Presl. Ditch-carrot
03
04
04 Aster lentus Greene Suisun Marsh aster
05 Cotula coronopifolia L. Brass-buttons
06 Grindelia stricta de Candolle var. angustifolia SF Bay gumplant
07 Lasthenia glaberrima DC. Rayless smooth
goldfields 08 Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. Salt marsh fleabane
05
06
09 Heliotropium curassavicum Linnaeus.
07
08
Wild heliotrope
09
73
74
Design
6.28 Perspective two
75
CONCLUSION
76
Conclusion
78 References 80 Illustration References 82 Thank You
7.1 Mare Island building 680 77
References
Baye, Peter. 2007. Selected Tidal Marsh Plant Species of the San Francisco Estuary A Field Identification Guide. City of Vallejo. 2007. Mare Island History. Retrieved May, 2015 from http://www.visitvallejo.com/about-vallejo/mare-island-history.php Mare Island. 2014. A Brief History of Mare Island. Retrieved on May 2015. http://discovermareisland.com/history/ Mare Island Historic Park Foundation. Retrieved May, 2015 from http://www.mareislandhpf.org/museum.html Sheaff, Tom, David Cumming. 2007. Mare Island Specific Plan. Unified Facilities Criteria. 2012. Design: Graving Drydocks. York, J. A. (2015). New ship repair company to replace existing firm at Mare Island. White, R. (2012). Deconstructing Mare Island: Reconnaissance in the ruins. Boom: A Journal of California, 2(2), 55-69. doi: 10.1525/
78
Conclusion
Precedents
Ingles, Bjarke, David Zahle, 2013, Danish Nathinal Maritime Museum. Helsignor, Denmark, BIG. Wraight, Megan, Waitangi Park, Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand, Wraight + Associates. Yu, Kongjian, 2008, Tianjin Qiaoyuan Wetland Park, Tianjin City, China, Turenscape. Yu, Kongjian, 2002, Zhongshan Shipyard Park, The City of Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China, Turenscape.
79
Illustration References 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3
Flickr Amy Heiden Flickr
2.0 DRY DOCK 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4
2.5 2.6 2.7
Wikimedia Commons Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer
3.0 MARE ISLAND 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
Flickr Taylor Baer Library of Congress Library of Congress Wikimedia Commons Library of Congress Library of Congress Wikimedia Commons Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer 3.14 Taylor Baer 3.15 Taylor Baer 3.16 Nearmap
80
4.0 PRECEDENT STUDIES 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
Wix Bjark Ingles Group Bjark Ingles Group Turenscape Turenscape Turenscape Turenscape Wraight + Associates Wraight + Associates
5.0 ANALYSIS 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20
Goodwin Consulting Group Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Google Earth Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer Taylor Baer
6.0 DESIGN 6.1 Wikimedia Commons
7.0 CONCLUSION 7.1
Flickr
6.2 Flickr 6.3 Trek Earth 6.4 Patternity 6.5 Flickr 6.6 Google Earth 6.7 Mike Osborn Photo 6.8 Pixshark 6.9 Smug Mug 6.10 Taylor Baer 6.11 Taylor Baer 6.12 Taylor Baer 6.13 Taylor Baer 6.14 Taylor Baer 6.15 Taylor Baer 6.16 Taylor Baer 6.17 Taylor Baer 6.18 Taylor Baer 6.19 Inhabitat 6.20 Flickr 6.21 Flickr 6.22 Southern Living 6.23 Biorede 6.24 Pinterest 6.25 Wikimedia Commons 6.26 Wikipedia 6.27 Wikimedia Commons 6.28 Flickr 6.29 Taylor Baer
81
Thank You
82
83