Records Volume 65: Post Reformation Catholicism in Bath Volume 1

CATHOLIC RECORD SOCIETY

PUBLICATIONS

(RECORDS SERIES) VOLUME65

Issued to Members for theyear 1974-5

Shojet reen

Prisen

GRAND PARADE

Garrard SIY

The Ham

TheKEY

SOUTH PARADE

Spring Gerdau Fields

POST-REFORMATION CATHOLICISM IN BATH VOLUME I

Editedby J. ANTHONYWILLIAMS

CATHOLICRECORD SOCIETY

VOITA HT

The CatholicRecord Society

Great Britain

Printedin

by Lowe & Brydone(Printers ) Ltd., London and Thetford

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am most grateful to Canon J.J. Kelly of Bath for permission to reproduce one of the major items in this volume (the journal ofPeter Augustine Baines, later bishop and Vicar-Apostolic of the Western District) and also for access to other archives of the Bath mission , preserved at St John's presbytery, South Parade For the remaining material here printed, and for access to much else , I owe thanksto His Lordship Bishop Rudderham of Clifton , the Abbot ofDownside and Dr David Lunn and to the directors and staffsofthe Public Record Office , London; Archives Nationales , Paris; House of Lords Record Office; Bath Corporation Archives Office and Somerset County Record Office , Taunton I am indebted to Mr V.J. Kite, F.L.A. and the staff of Bath Reference Libraryfor longstandingand unstinted co-operation and to those persons and institutions mentioned in the footnotes who have so generously given assistance on specific points, as well as to the staffsof the British Museum Reading Room and Manuscript Department, Lambeth Palace Library, London University Institute of Historical Research, East Riding Record Office, Wiltshire County Record Office (and SalisburyDiocesan Record Office) and to Father Francis Edwards , S.J. (Jesuit Archives , Farm Street , London), Miss Rosemary Rendel and Mr R.K. Browne(Catholic Record Society'sLibrary, Farm Street),Miss Elisabeth Poyser (Archives of the Archbishop of Westminster ). I also record my gratitude to the Committee of the Twenty-seven Foundation Awards , University of London, for a grant towards the cost of producingthisvolume.

J. Anthony Williams, October1973

ABBREVIATIONS

A.A.W. Archivesofthe ArchbishopofWestminster

Allanson, "Biography" , "Collection" and "History": "Biographyofthe English Benedictines"; "Collection of Letters etc. referred to in the 'Biography' and 'History""; "History of the English Benedictine Congregation" , allby Dom P.A. Allanson O.S.B. in MS at Downside Abbey ( and at Ampleforth)

Anstruther:

A.P.C.:

Birt:

B.M.:

Cal.:

C.R.S.:

C.S.P.D.:

Davey:

D.N.B.:

Downside:

D.R.:

E. & P.:

E.H.R.:

Foley:

Gillow:

H.M.C .:

Kirk:

O.E.D.:

G. Anstruther, The Seminary Priests, 1558-1603 (Ushaw and Ware , 1968)

Acts ofthe Privy Council

H.N. Birt, Obit Book of the English Benedictines, 1600-1912 (Edinburgh, 1913; London reprint, 1970).

British Museum (Departmentof Manuscripts)

Calendar(s) of .... Catholic Record Society volumes (note: references to C.R.S., 63 cite only the useful biographicaloutlines in Appendix B; further entries pertainingto priests there named will be found in the index to that volume)

Calendars ofState Papers (Domesticseries).

E.C. Davey, Notable Catholics who lived and diedat Bath between 1678and 1823 (no date; ?1912)

Dictionary ofNational Biography Archives ofDownsideAbbey. The DownsideReview.

E.E. Estcourt and J.O. Payne, English CatholicNonjurors of1715 (1886).

The EnglishHistorical Review.

H. Foley, Records of the English Province of the Society ofJesus (7 vols in 8, 1877-83).

J. Gillow, A Literary and BiographicalHistory, or Bibliographical Dictionary of the EnglishCatholics (5 vols , 1885-1902).

Historical Manuscripts Commission Reports.

J. Kirk, Biographies ofEnglish Catholics , 1700-1800 (ed J.H. Pollen and E. Burton, 1909)

Oxford EnglishDictionary.

Oliver:

P.R.O.:

R.B.A:

Reg.1; Reg 2:

R.H.:

S.D.N.Q.:

S.R.O.:

S.R.S.:

Tierney-Dodd:

Trans.:

V.C.H.:

1819 Directory:

G. Oliver, CollectionsIllustrating the History ofthe Catholic Religion in Cornwall, Devon , Dorset , Somerset, Wiltshireand Gloucestershire (1857).

Public Record Office , London.

The Registers of Bath Abbey, 1569-1800(ed A.J. Jewers, 2 vols , Harleian Society, 1900 and 1901 , paginated consecutively).

First and second Bath Catholic Registers (to be printed in the next C.R.S. volume)

Recusant History.

Somerset and DorsetNotes andQueries

Somerset County RecordOffice, Taunton.

Somerset Record Societyvolumes

M.A. Tierney (ed.) Dodd's Church History of England (with notes and additions, 5 vols., 1839-43).

Transactions ofthe .... Victoria History ofthe Counties ofEngland. Gye's Bath Directory, corrected to January 1819 (Bath, 1819).

HISTORICALINTRODUCTION

Post-Reformation Catholicismin Bath , 1559-1850

In 1559 the last Bishop of Bathand Wells in communionwithRome was deprived; nearly three hundred years later the first Bishop of Clifton, of the Roman Catholic hierarchy restored in 1850, was appointed to a diocese which included the same area During the long interval the Catholics of Bath, as of England generally, labouredunder difficulties which had muchdiminishedby the laterdateandwhichhad ebbed and flowed under Elizabeth I, the Stuarts and the Hanoverians . This Introduction outlines the fortunes of Catholicsin Bathduringthe period 1559 to 1850 and seeks to provide a background for the documentsprinted in this and the succeeding volume.¹

When Elizabeth I came to the throne in November1558 the Bishop of Bath and Wells was Gilbert Bourne who had earlier conformedbut who had attached himself firmly to Catholicismin Mary's reignso firmly, indeed, that a daggerhad been thrown at him whenpreaching at Paul's Cross while chaplain to Bishop Bonnerof London. Mary made him a bishop in 1554 and in the last weeks of the reign he became President of the Council in Wales and the Marches, an appointment soon terminated by Elizabeth Less rapid was the loss of his See , Bourne being one of the last Marian bishops to be deprived for rejecting the royal supremacy, and he did not go without leaving his successor something by which to rememberhim. Like the monks of Bath Abbey who, twenty years earlier, had alienated a great deal ofthe Abbey property before Henry VIII's agents could get theirhands on it, and like some of his deprived episcopal colleagues and pre-Civil War successors , Bourne had "granted and given away from the See ofBath and Wells various manors, lands, tenements, annuities and advowsons" to the acute concern of his Anglican supplanter, Gilbert Berkeley, formerly a Franciscan ofYork.2

For local background , useful introductory surveys are R.A.L. Smith, Bath (revised edition, 1948), B. Little, Bath Portrait (Bristol, 1961) and two more-orless complementaryvolumes : P.R. James , The Baths of Bath in the Sixteenthand early Seventeenth Centuries (1938) and D. Gadd, Georgian Summer (Bath , 1971) All contain references to further works, as do the notes to this Introduction. See also note467.

On these two bishops, see D.N.B.; T.E. Bridgett& T.F. Knox, Queen Elizabeth and the Catholic Hierarchy (1889); G.E. Phillips, The Extinction of the Ancient Hierarchy (1905); S.H. Cassan , Lives of Bishops of Bath and Wells (1829); F.O. White, Lives of Elizabethan Bishops ofthe Anglican Church (1898); W. Hunt, The Somerset Diocese: Bath and Wells (1885) and, especially, P.M. Hembry, Bishops of Bath and Wells: Social and EconomicProblems (1967) For Bourne'ssermon , see also J. Gairdner , Lollardy and theReformationin England, IV(1913) passim.; M. Maclure, The Paul's Cross Sermons (Toronto, 1958) pp 8, 49-50 , 196, 198 . For the Council in Wales, see C.A.J. Skeel, The Councilin the Marches of Wales (1904) p 84; P. Williams , The Councilin the Marches of Wales underElizabethI

CATHOLICISMIN BATH

Bourne had himself come to a diocese intowhich heavy inroads had been made in Edward VI's reign and it was thus into a See disastrously depleted that Berkeleyentered in March 1560only to have Elizabeth despoilit still further, though less , perforce, than some other dioceses. Within a year, indeed, he was trying to resign, so weakened was his position both in its finances and in its prestigeembarrassments epitomised by Dr Christopher Hill: "Only one of the episcopal residences remained and the land all round that was let, so that he could not drive up to his front door without his tenant's leave" . Nor did Berkeley'stroubles stem solely from his economicplight, allegedly aggravated by the importunities of an extravagant wife; like others of his generation ofAnglican bishops he encountered little enthusiasm for the Elizabethan religious settlement among the leading personnel of the diocese . He found, and was constrained to keep for many years as Registrar a man he himself characterised as "a manyfeste enymy to god and the Queene's matye hir p'cedings " (William Lancaster, who in his will described himself as "A member of Our Saviour Jesus X's Catholicke Church") while others "in the hope of a newe daye .. . are fled the realme"3 -one of them, perhaps, with the departingSpanish Ambassador , the Count de Feria. Among those who left for the Continent early in the reign were the Chancellorof the dioceses and three Prebendaries including William Good, Master of the newly (Cardiff, 1958) pp 38, 249-50, and , for the precautionaryalienationofchurchestates in the 1640s, C. Hill, EconomicProblems ofthe Church(1963 edition) p 315. In 1559 there died the long-serving suffragan Bishop of Taunton , William Finch, appointedin HenryVIII's reign and stilldeemed eligible forpreferment(to the prebend of Whitelackington , 1557) in Mary's ; cf. Sir H. Maxwell-Lyte, Bishops'Registers, 1518-59 (S.R.S., 55) p 150; Gillow, II, pp 259-60

3 P.R.O., S.P. 12/16, no 27 (i) for Berkeley's complaintsalso cited, notquite accurately , in H.N. Birt, The Elizabethan Religious Settlement (1907) pp 373 , 375. For moredetail on pointstouched-on in this paragraph, see Hembry,op cit, pp 100-4, 132-48 ; also F. Brown, Abstractsof Somersetshire Wills, 3rd series (1889) p 49 (will of William Lancaster, 1596) Further material on Berkeley's financial difficulties appears in Birt, "Some Troubles of the Elizabethan Episcopate" in The Dublin Review, Oct. 1897, pp 134-45. Dr Hill's remarks occur in Economic Problems of the Church , p 19. See also Professor W.P. Haugaard's discussion of"The Crown and Church Finances" in his Elizabethand the English Reformation (1968) pp 151-61

4 J. Strype,TheLife and ActsofMatthewParker (1821 edition) I, pp 154-5 .

5 i.e. Gilbert Burnford; cf. A.O. Meyer, England and the CatholicChurch under Queen Elizabeth (1916) p 354; J.H. Pollen, English Catholics in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth(1920) pp 247-9 & note 4. He also occurs as Barford, Burford, Bournford, Borneforde etc.in thefollowing: Cal State Papers: Rome , 1558-71 , p. 69; 1572-8 , pp. 32, 34 , 95; Strype , Annals of the Reformation(1824 edn.) III, pt 1 , p. 39; Tierney-Dodd, II, Appendix, p cccxvi ; Maxwell-Lyte, op cit., p. 144; H. Gee, The Elizabethan Clergy and the SettlementofReligion, 1558-64 (1898) pp 227, 232, 254 , 271; J. Le Neve, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae (1854 edn .) I. p. 187; C.R.S., 1 , pp 19, 23, 42, 46; C.R.S., 60, p 2; also Phillips, op cit, p 230 The unreliability of diocesan chancellors was remarked uponin 1593 , they being "so much affected to the Canon Law that some are infected with Popish religion"; cf. Sir J.E. Neale, ElizabethI and herParliaments, 1584-1601 (1957) p. 283

founded Cathedral -school at Wells who as a boy had perhaps been an altar-server at Glastonbury Abbey in its final days and who later became a Jesuit missionary in Scandinavia In 1574 another Wells Prebendary, the celebrated and richly beneficed Dr John Bridgewater, Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, threw up his career and departed for Douai and from Wells itself came further recruits to Rome: another Registrar , a Canon's nephew who became a Jesuit and the martyrs William Hart and John Body, son of a mayor of Wells . In a poignant letter to his mother from York Castle shortly before his execution, the former wrote that he had hoped to visit her that Spring and asked her to remember him to "Andrew Gibbons' mother , Mrs Body and all the rest"10 words indicative perhaps of a circle of Catholic acquaintances in the vicinity. Andrew Gibbons was one of three brothers who became priests , himself a secular and Richard and John Jesuits; the latter, with the assistance of a fellowSomerset exile, Father John Fenn , compiled the invaluable Concertatio Ecclesiae Catholicae in Anglia, 11 a rich quarry for material on English

6 The two other Prebendaries were Giles Capel (Bishop Finch's successor as Prebendary of Whitelackington ; see note 2) and Edward Cratford, or Stratford. Sources as cited in previous note, passim , though Capel appears as "Copsell' in C.R.S., 1 , pp 19, 42, and Cratford as "Crockford" in C.R.S., 60, p 2. For Good, see also D.N.B.; Gillow, II, pp 522-3; Foley, IV, pp 477-80; VII, p 307 (also I, pp 285-91 ); A.C.F. Beales , Education Under Penalty (1963) p 35 and Professor Beales' "Catalogue of Catholic Schoolmasters, 1558-1603 " , in R.H., 7 , p 276;0. Garstein, Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia (Bergen, 1963) passim.; B. Basset , The English Jesuits (1967) passim.

7 See D.N.B. , old and New Catholic Encyclopaedia etc. , corrected , as regards Bridgewater's connection with the Concertatio Ecclesiae Catholicae in Anglia (1588) by Dr David Rogers' important Introduction to the 1970 reprint of that work See also C.R.S., 5, p 140; Sir C.E.H. ChadwyckHealey, History ofPartof WestSomerset (1901) pp 165-7, 353-6.

8 John Bishop(see infra , note 97) and Edward Cottington, for whom see C.R.S. , 54, pp 63-6; Foley, VII, p. 175 & other pagesthere cited; also, fortheCottington family, my CatholicRecusancy in Wiltshire, 1660-1791 (C.R.S. Monograph series , no 1 , 1968) pp 175, 189; M.J. Havran, Caroline Courtier: The Life of Lord Cottington (1973) passim The uncle was doubtless James Cottington (Le Neve , op cit , I, pp 171 , 198)

9 For Hart, a godson of William Good S.J. and a student at Lincoln College in Bridgewater's time, see J.H. Pollen, Acts of English Martyrs (1891) p 252; R. Challoner , Memoirs of Missionary Priests (ed Pollen, 1924) pp. 72-9 ; Anstruther, p 155; J.C.H. Aveling, Catholic Recusancy in the City of York, 1558-1791 (C.R.S. Monograph series, no 2, 1970) passim, and for Body, a layman and schoolmaster , Challoner , op. cit., pp. 83-4; Beales , op. cit., pp 72-3 .In"Somerset and the Benedictines " (D.R., July 1903) p 192 , Dom Gilbert Dolanclaims Dom John Placid Muttlebury as a native of Wells but other authorities merely give Somerset as the county of his birth; cf. Anstruther, p 242; Birt, p 13. Possibly , as Dr Rogers suggests in another connection (Concertatio , Introduction, penultimate page), Fr. Dolan may have taken a Latin reference to the diocese of Bath and Wells, Wellensis, to mean the cityofWells.

10 Printedin Challoner , op cit, pp. 77-9

11 See Dr Rogers' Introduction to 1970 reprint For Frs John Fen(n) and John , Richard and Andrew Gibbon(s), see Anstruther, pp 114, 131 and works there

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

theonly was

Catholicism in the years before the Armada. Another exile scholar of the new Wells school to finish up as a popish priest George Godsalf, or Godsole, who had received the diaconate before Anglicanism was imposed and who was later ordained on the Continent . 12

Meanwhile, referring to those clerics still in Somerset who refused to conform, Archbishop Parker instructed Berkeleyto "proceed roundly with them" and altogether some two dozen, including the Dean of Wells, the Archdeacon of Taunton, several more Prebendaries and a dozen incumbentswere removed within five years of the newreligious settlement , some after acquiescing briefly in it. 13 These removals of Marian incumbents, sometimes involving the reinstatement of their predecessors, affected several parishes in the Bath area (Weston , Bathford, Priston, Marksbury, Keynsham and Saltford) but not all those ejected could be replaced promptly and vacancies existed, including some in the city itself,14 which, while breakingthe institutional grip of the old religion, delayed the consolidationof the new . Some persisted for years, due less to the dismissal or withdrawal of popishly-inclined clerics than to non-residence and pluralismwithinthe "reformed" frameworka state of affairs not remedied until the 1590s . 15 But among the non-ejected varying shades ofattachment to Catholicism might be found, resultingin protracted compromise andin the continuation of practices originating in the early years of the reign when little guidance was forthcoming from Rome . Such men, reacting very humanly to a bewilderingsituation,were a preyto the invectiveof the more clear-sighted on both sides. As late as the 1580s there were still to be found priestsdenounced by Allen as "partakers often on the same day (O horrible impiety!) of the chalice of the Lord andthe chalice of devils"who might celebrate the CommonPrayerservice first and followitwith the Mass , or vice versa, 1 , 16 and some , indiscourse

cited; Foley, VII, pp. 299-300 (erroneous entry for Andrew Gibbons , corrected by Fr. Anstruther); J. Morris, Troubles of Our Catholic Forefathers , 2nd series (1875) pp. 20-21 .

12 Anstruther, p. 133, plus information kindly provided by Mr M.J.Krier from his researches on the "Marianreaction" in the dioceses of Bath and Wells and of Salisbury

13 Strype , Parker, loc cit.; Annals , loc cit.; Tierney-Dodd , II, Appendix, pp. cccxvi-cccxviii; Gee, op cit , pp 226-34, 253-65 , 271-2 John Fitzjames , deprived Archdeacon of Taunton, is described by Dodd as Archdeacon of Bath and in C.R.S., 60, p 2 and C.R.S. 1 , pp 18, 41 , respectively, his Christian name isgiven as James, and his surname as Foljambe . See also Maxwell-Lyte, op. cit., p. 122. Some of the changes preceded the creation of theAnglicanepiscopate and dated from the "Royal Visitation" of 1559, for which see C.G. Bayne, "TheVisitation ofthe Province of Canterbury , 1559" in E.H.R. , 28, pp 641-2 .

14 This sentence incorporates data furnished by Mr Krier, whose forthcoming Ph.D. thesis (Universityof Bristol) will correct and amplify Gee, op. cit.

15 Hunt, op cit , pp 180-6

16 T.F. Knox, The First and Second Diaries of the English College, Douay (1878), p xxiii, echoed in N. Sander (and E. Rishton), The Rise and Growthof

with their parishioners , might pour scorn on the Established Church and uphold pre-Refomation beliefs and practices Twelve years afterthe Anglican Settlement they attracted violent denunciation from the nearby self-styled "minister" of St Mary Redcliffe, Bristol, in an "Epistle Dedicatory" addressed to Bishop Berkeley, one ofwhose first ordinandshe had been:-17 "Theydrawe nye with tongue and penne unto us, buttheirheartes are to Rome: a number of them have gospell talke, but yet a Romishe faith, an Englishe face, but Spanishe heartes. . . . For they thinke nowe , thatifthey subscribe, observe the orderofservice, and weare a side gowne, a square Cap, a Cope, and a Surples, none can saie blacke is their eies , but that they are good protestantes : yetall this while they run into hugger mugger a whispering in corners , saiyng to the simple people : beleve not this newe doctrine, it is naught, it will not long endure , although I use order among them outwardly, my hearte and profession is from them , agreeyng with the mother Church of Rome. No, no (saie they) we do notpreache nor yet teache openly, we reade their newe devised homiliesfor a colour, to satisfie the tyme for a season By reason whereof, the poore seelie people are kept back from commyng forwardes to Christe

.... " In the lonely and uncertain years before the advent oftheseminary priests such"ravening woolves in sheepes cloathing" , "dissemblers and double faced neuters" (to quote the same writer) may, not without danger to themselves, have done a little to sustain some attachmentto the old religion to a "survivalism" which might mature into the

the Anglican Schism (1877 edition) p 267. See also P. Hughes, The Reformation in England, III (1954) p 259, note 3 ; E.C. Messenger, The Reformation,theMass and the Priesthood , II (1937) p 247 ; M. Haile, An Elizabethan Cardinal (1914) pp 43-4 ; B. Camm, Cardinal William Allen (1908) p 29 ; Phillips , op. cit, pp 272-3 One such "conservative conformist" incumbent, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, is mentionedin C.R.S. Monograph 2 , p 34 17 J. Northbrook(e), Spiritus est Vicarius Christi in Terra: A Breefe and Pithie Summe of the Christian Faith (1571; revised edition, 1582, in which, however, the dedicatoryonslaught is unchanged); R. Lloyd, Dorset Elizabethans (1967) pp. 68-9 for a clear account of the vicissitudes of the Bristol diocese which Bishop Berkeleywas commissioned to visit on behalfofArchbishopParker ofCanterbury in November 1571 and in February 1572. See also theD.N.B. on Northbrook and on Bishop Richard Cheyney (or Cheney) of Gloucester, and A. Hamilton Thompson , "Notes on the Ecclesiastical History of Henbury" in Trans Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society , 38, p 165. Northbrook, "strongly Puritan in sentiment a writer against plays, dicing, dancing etc." , held a lectureship at St Mary Redcliffe before becoming vicar of Henbury on the outskirts of Bristol Part of the passage here quoted is printed in P. Caraman , The Other Face (1960) p 34, witha footnote calling the dedicatee "BishopGilbert of Bath and Wells" A distant example of the kind of cleric denounced by Northbrook was AmbroseEddrington, Vicar of Kendal , ordered by the YorkEcclesiastical Commision in 1571 "to preach sound doctrine and conformably behave himself in doctrine and behaviour .... and not hypocritically to show himselfof one opinion here and the contraryin his parish, and that he do sometimes execute and minister the communionin his own person"; cf. P. Tyler, The Ecclesiastical Commission and Catholicism in theNorth, 1562-77(Leeds, 1960) pp 72-3.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Roman Catholicism of the Counter-Reformation example fell short of full commitment 18 even if their own

In the 1560s, as far as the people of Bath were concerned , the replacement of Bishop Bourneby Berkeleyprobably meant little more that the substitution of one fairly remote figure for another (the Bishops' residence in Bath had been lost in EdwardVI's reign and, as Sir John Harington put it, "Bath ... is but a title in this Bishoprick, so as for many years Bath had the name , butWells had the game"19) and a greater impact may have been made at the parochiallevelby changes in the churches , even if these were not always carried out very promptly Bath Abbey itself was in no condition for public worship, being but the "carcass" of a church, roofless , windowless and weedinfested , 20 but elsewhere the changed form ofservice , thefar-reaching code of religious practice laid down in the Royal Injunctions of 1559 and visible alterations to the churches such as the prominent installation of the Ten Commandments for which the churchwardens of St Michael's, Bath, record an outlay of two shillings, 21 all served as

18 A weightier factor in such continuity was, however, the refusal ofCatholic gentry to conform merely because most of the parish clergy had done soan attitude reflected in Lady Cecily Stonor'sapologiaand in the inscriptionbeneath the Towneley family portrait (for the former, see the works by Clifford and Stonor cited in note 44, below; for thelatter, C. Cross, The PuritanEarl, 1966, p. 238) Other influences are adduced by Mr Aveling in his searching studyofYork recusancy (C.R.S. Monograph 2 , p 45) substantiating ArchbishopDavid Mathew's allusion to "those whose attachmenttoCatholicismhad been real and not merely formal" (Catholicism in England, 1955 edn , pp 45-6) while a further one was St Pius V's Bull Regnans in Excelsis of 1570 which did in some instances stiffen Catholic resistance (cf. J.B. Black, The Reign ofElizabeth , 1959 edn , pp 170-1; C.R.S., 22, p 116; J.T. Cliffe, The YorkshireGentry, 1969, p 171) and inwhich it may not be entirelyfanciful to see the pontiffas bridge-builder, helpingto span the gap between what Professor A.G. Dickens has termed "survivalism and seminarism" ("First Stages of Romanist Recusancy in Yorkshire" in Yorks. Archaeological Journal, 35, p 181) On the two latter phenomena see also J. Bossy, "The Character of Elizabethan Catholicism" in Past and Present , no 21 , reprinted in Crisis in Europe , 1540-1640 (ed T. Aston, 1965) and, for an illuminating discussion of links between reformist Romanism under Henry VIII and popish recusancy under Elizabeth , see P.J. Doyle, "The Origins of Recusancy: the ThrockmortonsofCoughton" in Worcestershire Recusant, no. 13, pp 2-9

19 A Briefe View of the Church ofEngland (1653) p 106; Hembry, op cit, p 92 (loss of episcopal "palace")

20 .. " ... totam illam ecclesiam ruinosam sive templumruinosum" (letters-patent, 1572 , cited in A.H.King& B.H. Watts,MunicipalRecords ofBath [1885?] p. 52). See also J. Leland, Itinerary in England and Wales (ed. L. Toulmin Smith, 1964 edn ) I, pp 143-4; J. Britton & R.E.M. Peach, History and Antiquities ofBath AbbeyChurch (1887) pp xiv-xvi, 31-6

21 C.B. Pearson (ed ) Churchwardens' Accountsof St Michael's , Bath, 1349-1575 (Somerset Archaeologicaland Natural History Society, 22 , Taunton, 1878) p. 126. For the paucity of Bath churchwardens' accounts for this period see J.E. King (ed.) Inventory of Parochial Documents in the Diocese of Bath and Wells (Taunton, 1938) and, for a classic reflection of Reformation-changes in such accounts, J.C. Cox, Churchwardens ' Accounts (1913) p 185. The 1559 Injunctions are convenientlyprinted in H. Gee & W.J. Hardy, DocumentsIllustrativeof English Church History (1896) pp 417-42.

inescapable reminders ofthe alteration ofreligion At King EdwardVI's Grammar School an Establishment-orientated change of headmasters was, however , followed by the alignment with Rome of the last two Elizabethan Masters, Adam Arnoll, or Arnold (1591-5) and Henry Slyman (1595-1603 ), the former entering the Society of Jesus and the latter the service of the Duchess of Feria . 22 Whether they were motivated by the clandestine literature of the Counter-Reformation or by personal contact with evangelistic papists (possiblyincludingpriests) or both, their conversion would seem to imply some local contact with Romanistinfluences

Meanwhile the practice of Catholicism had been subjected to a developing penal code, an early victim being Sir EdwardWaldegrave, absentee lord of the manor of Chewton, Somerset, who died in the Tower in September 1561 after being sent there earlier in the same year following his arrest for Mass -going in Essexone of a group of prominent papists rounded up in the Spring when Cecil's timely uncovering of Catholic activities helped to sabotage a threatened rapprochementbetween Elizabeth and the papacy . 23 Thefifteenyears before the arrival of the first seminary priests in 1574 were marked by occasional action against persons assisting at Mass24 and by spasmodic efforts to detect and penalise absentees from their parish churches AttendanceeverySunday and holyday was enjoined by the Uniformity Act of 1559, reinforced by later statutes imposing heavier sanctions, and the newhierarchybegan withoutdelayto look intothe questionof recusancy, churchwardens being instructed to report those "who will not readily pay their penalities for not coming to God's divine service according to the statutes".25 The twelvepenny fine for each absence

22 See K.E. Symons, The Grammar School of King Edward VI, Bath (Bath, 1934) pp 107, 153, 159-60, 163, 170, 201 where, however, the two Masters' subsequent careers are not mentioned , and C.R.S., 54, pp 189-95 . For the English Duchess of Feria, see H. Clifford, The Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria (ed J. Stevenson, 1887); A.J. Loomie, The Spanish Elizabethans (New York, 1963) chap. 4; C.A. Dowling, The Lady Jane Dormer (pamphlet , Bridlington, 1970); also D.N.B.

23 See C.G. Bayne,Anglo-Roman Relations , 1558-65 (1913) pp 99-102;Conyers Read, Mr Secretary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth (1962 edn ) pp 208-9; W.P. Haugaard, Elizabeth and the English Reformation, pp 296-302 ForWaldegrave see D.N.B.; T.E. Gibson, Lydiate Hall and Its Associations (1876) pp 317-21; Foley, V, p 382, note 77; Oliver, p 69, etc. In P. Caraman, The OtherFace , p 27, his arrest is misdated 1562

24 Some evidence of official action against celebrants and attenders at Mass in the period beforethe arrivalof the seminary priests (1559-74) is broughttogether by J.B. Wainewright , "Queen Elizabethand the Mass" in The Month, Sept. 1909 , pp 307-11 The background to the arrests of 1561 (see above) is notmentioned . See also Birt, Elizabethan Religious Settlement , pp 456-8 , 462-3, 528-32

25 W.P.M. Kennedy , The "Interpretations"ofthe Bishops and their Influenceon Elizabethan Episcopal Policy (Alcuin ClubTracts, VIII, 1908) pp 31,41; see also W.H. Frere, Visitation Articlesand Injunctions, III (1910) pp 5 , 61, 83 & passim. and Kennedy, Elizabethan Episcopal Administration (1924) chap. 7. For the 34 holy days which could fall on weekdays see C.S. Meyer, Elizabeth I and the Religious Settlement of1559 (Saint Louis , 1960) pp 71-2 and, for the penal laws

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

was a local matter and seems to have been very erratic in its incidence , 26 whereas the much larger sums which might beleviedfrom 1581 onwards for continuous absences offour weeks or morewere not to be retained locally, save in odd cases where one-third was allotted to the poor of the parish, but were to go to the Exchequerwhence process issued against convicted recusants named first in the Pipe Rolls and thenfor a century (1592-1691 ) in a separate series of Recusant Rolls . 27

Listed only in the Pipe Rolls is James Fenn of Montacute, convicted originally of recusancy , subsequently found to be a priestand executed in 1584.28Two persistent absentees, first convicted in the 1580s and carried forward to the Recusant Rolls of the following decade , were John Walker of Nether Stowey and William Gerrard of Trent, who also occur in a list of fifteen leading Somerset recusants drawn up in 1592.29 But by no means all known recusants were convicted (the Catholic "Doctor Leese, physician, of Bath" is a case in point , one of thirteen in the 1592 list who occur neither in the Pipe Rollsnor inthe Recusant Rolls30) while, of those who were convicted, only an unfortunate but very small minoritynone of them in the diocese of Bath and Wells were mulcted to the full; others were penalised to a lesser extent and some not at all. 31 against Catholicism , C.R.S., 53. pp 291-307 and C.R.S. Monograph 1 , chap. 1; also chap 24, "The Administration of the Anti-Catholic Laws" , in R.C. Jarvis, Collected Paperson the Jacobite Risings, II (Manchester, 1972)

26 See C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p 72, note 21 and, for further references to this penalty, Tierney-Dodd , I, p 165; Caraman, The OtherFace, p. 85, and The Years of Siege (1966) p 35; P. McGrath , Papists and Puritans Under ElizabethI(1967) p. 116; H. Aveling, Northern Catholics (1966) pp 232, 237, and C.R.S. Monograph 2, pp 44, 46, 53-4, 56-9, 83, 90 and Appendix I (especially pp 181-9);C. Cross, The Puritan Earl, pp. 232, 237; K.R. Wark, Elizabethan Recusancy in Cheshire (Chetham Society, Third Series, 19) pp 16, 56, 98, 129; R.C. Richardson , Puritanism in North-West England (Manchester, 1972) p 164. Dr Richardson'sstudy contains an illuminating chapter on "Catholicand puritan"in Lancashire and Cheshire under Elizabethand theearlyStuarts

27 See Father Hugh Bowler'simportant Introduction to C.R.S., 57; also C.R.S. , 61, pp vii-x; Guide to the Contents of the Public Record Office (1963) I, pp 78-9

.

28 P.R.O., E . 372/428 (Pipe Roll, 24 Eliz , Surrey/Sussex); Anstruther, pp. 113-4 . See also infra , note 71. I am much indebted to Father Bowlerfor the Pipe Roll data cited in thisIntroduction

29 H.M.C. , Cal Salisbury MSS , IV, pp 274-5 (1592 list) For Recusant Roll entries, see sources cited in note 32

30 Unless he is the Dorset surgeon Roger Loope, a convicted recusant inPipe Roll, 1585-6 (P.R.O., E . 372/431) and mentionedin the Recusant Rolls (C.R.S., 18, p 38: Anne, wife of Roger Loope ; C.R.S., 61, p 145: Joan, wife of Roger Loupe) Although twelve other men in the 1592 list are not in the Recusant Rolls, the wives of two or three are. For the Loope (or Loape) family see also V.C.H. , Dorset , II, p 31. A "Robeart Leese, phisition" , died at Bath in May 1583 (R.B.A. , p 331)

31 See C.R.S., 57, pp. xxx, xlii-xliv, lix-lxi, lxxxiv-lxxxv; B.M. , Harleian 7042, ff. 211, 211 verso An abstract of thisdocumentappears as Appendix4 in B. Magee, The English Recusants (1938) givingnames and sums of money, butnot counties . Four Somerset recusants are involved , none to the tune of ten pounds: William

INTRODUCTION

The Elizabethan and early Jacobean Recusant Rolls contain ten Bath names and two for the parish of Englishcombe while, a little farther afield, convicted recusants occur at Priston, Norton St Philip Keynsham and Hinton Charterhouse 32 Among the Bath entries is Thomas Clement , yeoman, bearer of the same surname as one of the former monks of Bath Abbey, himself a longstandingconformist who held local benefices and died in 1590 as incumbentof Englishcombe . 33 Two other Bath recusants had part of their possessionsconfiscated in October 1595: John Lewicke, two-thirds of whose property at Wells was seized, and George Champneys, a shoemaker, who was deprived of £4-worth of his goods and two-thirds of his real property (a partinterest in a house and a shop in Bath).34 This case , however , constitutesa caution against regarding all names even in the Elizabethan Recusant Rolls (let alone later) as those of popish recusants; Champneys was in fact no Catholic but a Brownist, accordingto the churchwardens of St Michael's parish who presented him in 1593,35 and may perhaps be the formidable "Recusant Puritan" shoemaker of Bath who withstood the arguments of BishopStill, was condemned to death by the ferocious Sir Edmund Andersonpresumably as a "seditious sectary" under the 1593 Act but was reprieved, so Harington claimed , through his intercession and eventually conformed.336

Gerrard (Dorset/Somerset), John Dawes (Somerset), Edward Marvin (Somerset/ Devon) and "Silvester H " , i.e. Sylvester Huishe, or Huysshe, gentleman, ofSt Decuman's, an obstinate Somerset recusant; see sources cited in next note, passim, and E. Green, Somerset and the Armada (1888) p. 38: "Silvester Hewghes being a vagrant person and outlawed for recusancy .. In the following reign (1624) a "Thomas Hewse" of Wells was an excommunicated recusant (S.R.O., D/D/Ca 244 , ff. 26-7)

32 For names, see C.R.S., 18, pp 291-5 ; C.R.S., 57, pp 138-43;C.R.S. , 61, pp 82-5, 210-5; also S.D.N.Q. , 5, p 112

33 The married William Clement , ejected in Mary's reign See F.W. Weaver, Somerset Incumbents(Bristol, 1889) pp 234, 236, 271; Sir W. Maxwell-Lyte, Bishops' Registers, 1518-59 (S.R.S., 59) p 169; H.M.C. , TenthReport, Appendix III, p 268; Weaver, "TheFate ofthe BathMonks" in D.R. , Dec. 1895, pp 267-8; Somerset Medieval Wills, 1535-58 (ed Weaver, S.R.S., 21) pp 145-6; also "The Marian Reaction in Somerset" , a paper read to theCanterburyand YorkSociety in November 1970 by Dr R.W. Dunning, editor ofthe Somerset V.C.H. , to whom I am much indebtedfor the loan of his typescript

34 P.R.O., E . 377/5 (Recusant Roll, Somerset portion) I am grateful to Dom Hugh Bowlerfor information aboutthese confiscations George Champneys . is still in the Recusant Rolls in James I's reign (S.D.N.Q., loc cit., P.R.O., E . 377/15 & 16) but may have conformedat last (see above; also note 36).

35 S.R.O. , Series A, no 98. On the inclusion of non-popish recusants in the Recusant Rolls, see C.R.S., 57, pp xxxvi-xxxvii ; C.R.S. Monograph 1 , Appendix F; Guide to the Contents of the Public Record Office, I, p 79. For puritan recusants in Elizabeth's reign, see also A. Peel (ed ) The Seconde Parte of a Register (1915) I, pp. 210, 244 .

36 Sir J. Harington, A Briefe View ofthe State ofthe Church ofEngland (1653) pp 122-3 Sir EdmundAnderson , called "Judge Adderton" by Harington, took part in Campion's trial in 1581 and also in those of such leading puritans as Browne and Udall See D.N.B.; E. Foss, The Judges ofEngland (1880 edition) pp

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

The churchwardens of St Michael's also presented a persistent recusant, John Tucker, described as "negligent in coming to his parish churche and hath not receaved the Communion these XII monthes past" and four others, all accused of failing to receive communion for twelve months. In another parish, St Mary de Stalles, one person was charged with a year's absence from church and seventeen otherswere alleged not to have received communion for the same period The nearby parish of Bathford containedanother such offender and in the city parish of St James therewere stated to be four non-communicants for periods between one and threeyears . 37 The religiousaffiliations of these people are not specified by the churchwardens , but it maybethat some ofthem were"church-papists" or "half recusants" Catholicsat heart who attended their parish churches to avoid the penalties of recusancy, whose "main policy is to shift off the communion"38

To the few Catholics of Bath the hope that their cause was not utterly lost may have been nourished by the visits of prominent and resolute popish recusants from other parts of the kingdom, though some of these may have been so broken in health by prolonged imprisonment that their appearance could have been as much a warning as an inspiration. One such intransigent papist who had spent twelve years or so in prison and, as a result, was "in perill ofhis life" , was John Whitmore of Thurstaston, Cheshire, who was licensed by the Privy Council to visit Bath on health-grounds despite his unworthinessof such a concessionbut the Council was sensitive about is own image and reluctant to provide grounds for allegations of excessive severity towards papists39 and manyprominent Catholic surnamesoccur ina

13-4; P. Collinson, The Elizabethan Puritan Movement (1967) passim. Harington does not name the Bath shoemaker and Western Circuit Assize records for this period have not survived (S.R.S., 65, p ix) The Act of 1593 against Seditious Sectaries is 35 Eliz I, cap 1. The word "comfortable" , used by Harington, appears from the context to be a misprintfor "conformable" 37 S.R.S., Series A, no 98: churchwardens ' presentments , 1593, parishes ofSt Michael , StMary de Stalles, St James (all in Bath) and Bathford. 38 From the unkind cameo of a "church-papist" in the Microcosmographie (1628, unpaginated ) no 10. For authorship- possiblyC. Herle, not JohnEarlesee C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p 2, note 8 ; Corrections and Additions to the Dictionary of National Biography (Boston, Mass , 1966) p 65. The terms "half recusant" and "absolute recusant" occurin an orderof 1604 for annual reportsof such persons in the CanterburyProvince Few such reportsappear to have been made; there seem to be none for the diocese of Bath and Wells but one for the Archdeaconry of Stafford (1607) has been printed in Staffordshire Catholic History, no 4, by Mr. M.W. Greenslade and shows "absolute recusants" far outnumbering "half recusants" , as does the Yorkshire survey of 1604; see E. Peacock (ed ) A List of the Roman Catholics in the County of York in 1604 (1872) and analysis in A.G. Dickens, "TheExtent and Character ofRecusancy in Yorkshire, 1604" in Yorks Archaeological Journal, 37, pp 24-48, supplemented by Dickens & Newton, "Further Light on the Scope of Yorkshire Recusancy in 1604" in Yorks Arch Journal, 38, pp 524-8 For the higher proportion of non-communicants (outnumberingrecusants) in the last year ofElizabeth'sreign, see Magee,op cit , pp 83, 113-4

39 A.P.C., 1595-6, pp 435-6 (6 June 1596); Wark, op cit , pp 121 , 169-70 .

similar context: those, among others , of Bedingfield, Stonor, Hussey, Southworth, Talbot, Giffard and Stradling. In 1569 William Hussey of North Duffield in the East Riding of Yorkshire, a determined and "irreconcilable" papist who had been imprisoned in York Castle for possessingrecent Catholic books,was allowed to go to Bathtotakethe waters under bond for good behaviour;40 ten years later the Privy Council ordered that Edmund Bedingfield, a prisonerfor religion, be permitted to do likewise "for the recovery of his helthe" and similar orders were issued in 1593 in respect of two of the most heavilyfined Elizabethanrecusants, George Cotton and JohnTalbot . 41 Meanwhilean intransigentCambridgeshire recusant, Evan Fludd, who had conformed for a time but had reverted to Catholicismand had been imprisonedfor "obstinaciein Poperye" , was licensed to visit Bath for his health , 42 as was Richard Cliborne (or Cleyburne) who had earlier petitioned Walsingham from prisonfor such a licence . 43

In 1582 Lady Cecily Stonor of the ancient Oxfordshire recusant family was granted permission to visit Bath for two months . A committed and articulate papist , her capacity for spiritual subversion worried the authorities whose estimate of her potential influence is reflected in the terms of her licence; this stipulates that "no person known to be evil affected in religion shall ... have access unto her to confer with her" and that a physician be selected to accompany her who was "of good religion and not apt to confirm herin herobstinacy by conference" , the implication being that zealous Romanists , doctors among them, might be activein Bathat that time . 44 Comparable to the

40 P. Tyler, The Ecclesiastical Commission and Catholicism in the North , 1562-77 (Leeds, 1960) pp 32-8; C.R.S. Monograph 2, p 32. For Elizabethan recusants named in this and subsequent paragraphs, see W.R. Trimble, The Catholic Laity in Elizabethan England (Cambridge, Mass , 1964) - pp 43-4 for Hussey, described in 1565 as "very irreconcilable" 41 A.P.C., 1578-80, pp 116-7 (Bedingfield ); A.P.C., 1592-3, pp. 475 (Cotton), 476 (Talbot) George Cotton ofWarblington , Hants and John TalbotofGrafton , Worcs were two ofthe eighteen recusants whoregularlypaid the statutoryfine of £260 p.a. (C.R.S., 57, passim .). For the former, see J.E. Paul, "Hampshire Recusants in the Time of Elizabeth I with Special Reference to Winchester" in Proceedings of the Hampshire FieldClub and Archaeological Society , 21, p. 73 & note 106, and Dr Paul's thesis, "The Hampshire Recusants in the Reign of Elizabeth I" (Ph.D., University of Southampton , 1958); also F.A. Gasquet, Hampshire Recusants (1895), reprintedin The Old English Bibleand OtherEssays (1897) On Talbot and Grafton there are articles by Sister Callista and Mrs A.M. Hodgson in the Worcestershire Recusant journal, no 8, pp 15-23 and 24-32 respectively. Trimble, op cit , p 154, note 166, misprintsas "1503" theyearof the Privy Council'spermission forTalbot to visit Bath (19 Aug. 1593).

42 A.P.C. , 1580-81, pp 51-2 (10 June 1580); C.R.S., 18, p 233; C.R.S., 53, p 110; C.R.S., 57, p 9; C.R.S., 61 , pp 8, 134. See also H.N. Birt "Recusancy and Catholicity in East Anglia" (paper read at the NationalCatholicCongress, Norwich, 5 Aug. 1912; printed in C. T.S. Publications , 93, 1912) pp 8, 11

43 C.S.P.D., 1547-80 , p 578 ; A.P.C., 1586-7, pp 75, 194; also(possibly) C.R.S. , 22, p 117. A.P.C., 1571-5, pp 294-5 , 344 relate to an affray involvinghim

44 A.P.C., 1581-2, pp 396-8 (April 1582) See also H. Clifford, The LifeofJane

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Stonorsin Oxfordshire were the Giffards in Staffordshireand in March 1586 the elderly head of that familyreceived a licence to go to Bathfor his health's sake; this was John Giffard of Chillington who, like others of his perplexedand harassed co-religionists, lapsed for a timeinto an uneasy and impermanentconformity 45

The visitors so far noted are persons granted licences whichspecifically permit them to travel to Bath; other licences were more general and in some cases the application for a licence can be traced butnot its granting (or refusal) In 1599 a Catholic prisoner in York Castle was promised by the second Lord Burghley, the new President of the Council in the North, that he could go to Bath, onlyto find that he was nevertheless "now like againe to be hindered ... and I am staidby the Council from my journey "46 Of the family-names mentioned earlier, those of Southworth and Stradling were brought to Cecil'sattention in an information from Thomas Churchyarda prolific but inelegant minor Elizabethan writer and adventurer suggesting that Bath's character as a watering-place attracted Catholics to it as a suitable centre for plotting (see next paragraph). Certainly Catholicswere not discouraged from staying in the city, whose prosperity was comingincreasingly to depend on the flow of visitors, Catholic no less than protestanta prosperity in which local officials shared as private citizens and which they showed little inclination to jeopardise by discriminatingagainst Catholics .It may not be withoutsignificance that Bath seems to have been considered a likely haven for a fleeing Lancashire recusant , Thomas Hoghton, who was making for the Continent, leaving behind the newly embellished Tower which was his pride (no small sacrifice in an age when pride in property and in conspicuous construction loomedso large):

"At HoghtonHighwhich is a bower Of sports and lordlypleasure, Iwept and left that loftie tower Whichwas my chiefesttreasure .

Dormer , Duchess of Feria (ed. J. Stevenson, 1887) pp. 38-9; J. Stonor,Stonor,A Catholic Sanctuary in the Chilterns (Newport, Mon. , 1951) p 260 & passim. Further light is shed on Oxfordshirerecusancy by Mrs B. Stapleton'sHistory of Post-Reformation Catholic Missions in Oxfordshire (1906) and by Dr A. Davidson's much more professional "Roman Catholicism inOxfordshirefrom the late Elizabethan period to the Civil War" (Ph.D. thesis, Bristol University, 1970)

45 A.P.C., 1586-7, pp 19-20 (3 March 1586). Further information on John Giffard is given by Mr P.J. Doyle in "The Giffards of Chillington: A Catholic Landed Family, 1642-1861 " (M.A. thesis, Durham , 1969) pp 17-32 See also V.C.H. , Staffordshire , III, pp 99-115 For a penetrating study of a worried, conscientious Catholic with friends in both camps, see P. McGrath& J. Rowe, "The Recusancy of Sir Thomas Cornwallis" in Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute ofArchaeology , 28, pp 226-71 .

46 Narrative of William Stillington (for whom see C.R.S. Monograph 2) in East Riding Record Office, Beverley: DDEV/67/1 , vol 1 , pp. 210-11 . See also H. Aveling, "Catholic Recusants of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1558-1790 " , in Proceedings of Leeds Philosphicaland Literary Society, Literary and Historical Section, 10, pt 6 (Leeds, 1963) pp 228-9.

INTRODUCTION

To save my soule and lose the reste Itwas mytrew pretence; Lyke frighted birdIleft my neste

Tokeepmyconscience . "47

Churchyard'sreport in May 1569a time of crisis withMaryQueen of Scots newly arrived in England and rebellionbrewingin the northsuggests (perhaps exaggeratedly) disaffection and conspiracy in Bath also:48

"Duetty don moest honorable, I ambold becauseItoek nottmy leave (whearI fownd sutch favor and forwardnestowardsmy suett) to wrytt thys letter, wheorby I hoep my eskues is nott only maed butt also I contynue in the good opynyon offyourhonor and,to encreace the saem , I do advertyes your honor off sutch thyngsasI have seen suspycyosly handled among the papysts, whoes practyses dryvs me to presuem thatt they have, or may pas thear compas wyth, som prowd attemptt or folly; and suerly the unbrydled brayeng and talk off Bonnar's dyssypulls doth argue som cuerles corrsy is closly creppt in thear cankred mynds The troeth is,moest honorable, havyng occasyon to lye in Baeth 20 dayes, I sawe sutch assemblee and companyoffgentyllmen as maed meto muesseoffso greatt a repayr and, wayeng thear callyngs and Crystyanrelygyon,

47 From "The Blessed Conscience" , printed by G.C. Miller, Hoghton Tower (Preston, 1948) pp 74-7, by J. Harland & T.T. Wilkinson, Ballads and Songs of Lancashire (3rd edition, revised, 1882) pp 32-43 and by J. Gillow, The Haydock Papers (1888) pp 10-15, and cited by A.O. Meyer , England and the Catholic Church under Queen Elizabeth p 216, by F.O. Blundell, OldCatholicLancashire, I (1925) p 131 , by A.C. Southern , Elizabethan Recusant Prose, 1559-82 (1950) p 17, etc. See also Gillow, BibliographicalDictionary, III, pp 325-8 and hisnote in C.R.S., 3, pp 1-3 ; also C.R.S., 4, passim; J.S. Leatherbarrow , Lancashire Elizabethan Recusants (Chetham Society, New Series , 110) pp 21, 44, 74; J. Lumby, Calendar of Hoghton Deeds and Papers (Lancashire & Cheshire Record Society, 88). The suggestion that Hoghtonmay have been heading forBath occurs in A.P.C. , 1571-5, p 46. For this family, see also J. Lofthouse, Lancashires's Old Families (1972) passim .

48

B.M. Lansdowne XI, f 126, endorsed "Touchingcertein notoriouspapists that resort to Bath& the danger thereof ... . " On f 127 are the following additions: (a) "I have byn soer syk off an ague sens I maed thys letter, whych haethbyn a lett for the delyverythear off, butt I heop as god gyves me healthto repayre to thecowrtt& so to requyre att your honor'shands thepackettoffletterstomylord embassador,for my mynd gyvs me thatt I shall never dy till I heer & se the gospell advanced to theutter most"; (b) "To the ryghtt honorable sr William Cycyll, Knight, cheef Secretary to the queen's majeste & oen off her highness pryvey councell, delyver theas wyth all possyble dyllygence " This document has previously been printed in the first two of the following works, and isquotedin the third: (i) G. Chalmers (ed ) Churchyard's Chips Concerning Scotland (1817) pp. 66-9; (ii) H.W. Adnitt, Thomas Churchyard , 1520-1604 (reprinted from Trans. Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Oswestry, 1884) pp 26-7; (iii) H.N. Birt, The Elizabethan Religious Settlement , pp 376-7 . It is also mentioned , but no source given, in J. Strype, The Life and ActsofEdmund Grindal (1821) p 204. See also D.N.B., sub Churchyard . The Bishop of Exeter was William Alley (1560-70) The word "corrsy" (line 10) is probably"corrosy" , meaning grudge or ill-will (J.O. Halliwell, Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words )

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

I fownd by good proeff and tryall thatt all the hoell trowpp in a manner wear hyndrars off God's word and Hys gospell. Sir Jhon Sowthworth off Lankesheer, a leadar off thatt ryng, I fownd in a cornerbuttnottwythStradlyng, who in theas partyes is no littel doar and remayns in greatt admyracyon among thys affynte Other gentyllmen off divers naems wear heer in lyke sortt and Syr Jhon Sowthworth dyd att som oen season seeke confference wyth them Butt in verey deed heer is an Italyan called Iacobyen, a laem man whoes abydyng is moest in Sowthampton, and thys is the man thatt may do mutch hortt for assuredly hys relygyon and lyeff is amys and dayly he haeth som intellygence boeth from Flawndersand Spayn He wants no wealth nor spaers for no chargys to gayn aquayntance for hys porpos The moest off all Bonnar's bloed and kynsfolk aer dwellyng in thys town and undowttedly, under the collor off comying to the baeth, many madd meetyngs thear aer .I dyschargyng my consyence and duetty to the advancementt offGod and Hys glory, thoghtt hytt good to talkwyth my Lord Byshoppoff Excetor whoes hand in thys behalff I have procuredto myletter, dowtting nott butt my honest hartt and meanying heer in shalbe so well acceptted that heer after I shall have thanksfor my labor,and hoepying wythall thatt the neast off wasps, whear so ever theymay be fownd, shall have thear styngs taken from them and be lernd a nue lesson; and God doth knoe and His churchdothwyttnes,moest honorable, thatt in all theas contreys is sutch lyberte off speetch as may be lamented, yffdutyffull earrs durst rebuekthatt they heer . Thus beyng over bold in jueggyngmoer than becoms me , I troble your honor no further Wyshyng youe longlyeff, encreace offgrace and a blessed end, from Baeth the 24th off May, your honor's durying lyeff attcomandmentt , "Youreshonor's most humbli to commaunde "W.Exon . Thomas Churchyard." The "Stradlyng" mentioned in this intriguing effusionwas doubtless Sir Thomas Stradling of St Donat's in Glamorgan who may well have been held in high esteem both because his religion had cost him two and a half years in prison as one of the prominent papists arrested in the Springof 1561 and, moreespecially , because of his association with one ofthose odd happenings (Wells also claimed its share in the formof miraculous stars and crosses ) into which Elizabethan Catholicsread divine approbation of their position This was the dramaticappearance of a cross , over a foot long, imprinted in the heart of a tree on Sir Thomas's estate, split by lightning during a thunderstorm in the Holy Week of 1559. Within two years a number of drawings had been made and news of the "miracle of St Donat's" had reached London andthe home counties. One copy came into the hands of the imprisoned Marian Archdeacon of Canterbury, Nicholas Harpsfield, who reproduced it in 1566 in his pseudonymous Dialogi sex contra summi Pontificatus ... oppugnatores (reprinted in 1573) and the occurrence seems, in view of Churchyard's Bath report of 1569 , to have been a

nine years' rather than a nine days' wonder . 49 Beforethe yearwas out Sir Thomas had left Bath and was back in his native county wherehe was in trouble with the local Justices of the Peace for refusing to undertake to obey the Act of Uniformity . 50 He was a cousin ofMary I's ambassador to Rome, Sir EdwardCarne,bearer of a surname later to be veryprominent in the context of BathCatholicism . 51

Churchyard's other popish knight, Sir John Southworth, wasthe head of the Lancashire family which produced St John Southworth , one of the Forty Martyrs canonised in 1970 ; he was for manyyearsa leader of Catholic resistance in the north and did much to stiffen support for the old faithwherever he went . His sojournin 1569 was not his onlyvisit to Bath; seventeen years later, having been imprisonedin Chester Castle, he was released and licensed "to repaire to the Bathes for the recoverie of his healthe" ; he used his period of liberty to go from place to place attending meetings of papists with the result that "through his disorders divers are perverted and have fallen awaie" ,and in May , 1586 he was again ordered to be committed to Chester Castle.2 Between his two visits to Bath Sir John was repeatedlyin trouble with the authorities: in 1581 he was among the northern Catholics associated with the recently-captured Edmund Campion whosehouses were ordered to be searched and themselves interrogated; in the following year, at the instance of an informer, he was convicted

49 Bayne, op cit , pp 103-6; T.G. Law, "The Miraculous Cross ofStDonat's" in E.H.R. , I, pp 513-7; D. Williams , "The Miracle at St Donat's" in The Welsh Review , 6 (Cardiff, 1947) pp 33-8 For the Wells reports , see A. Hamilton(ed.) Chronicleof the English Canonesses Regular of the Lateran , at St Monica's in Louvain, 1625-44 (i.e. vol 2, 1906) pp 48-9, 60. IllustratingCatholicattribution of less unusual phenomena to miraculous intervention(an outlook not, of course, peculiar to Catholics ) is Bishop Jewel's remark , in a letter to Peter Martyr, the spire of Salisbury Cathedral having been struck by lightning shortly before his arrival to take charge of the diocese: "It so happened that I had not yet arrived there: had I done so, so foolish and superstitious are men's minds, that all this mischief would have been ascribed to my coming. " (Jewel to Martyr, 22 May 1560, citedby Birt, op cit , p 408).

50 P.R.O., S.P.12/66, no 19 (xii &xiii).

51 D. Mathew , The Celtic Peoples and Renaissance Europe (1933) p. 233; D. Williams , art. cit., p. 35. A link between SirEdwardCarne and Bathis impliedby T. Guidott, A Letter Concerning Some Observations Lately Made atBath (1674) in Harleian Miscellany , II (1744) p. 306. See also J. Wood, A Description ofBath (1765 edition) p 200; R.E. Peach, Historic Houses in Bath and their Associations , second series (1884) p. 111, note 1. For the Carnes of Bath see infra . , pp. 39-48and, for Sir Edward, Dictionary of Welsh Biography and G. Williams, Welsh Reformation Essays (Cardiff, 1967) passim.; also D.N.B. and Corrections and Additions thereto

52 A.P.C. , 1586-7 , pp 125-6, Gibson, op cit., passim.; Lofthouse , op cit. , passim.; Blundell, op cit., III, chap 3; Leatherbarrow , op cit , pp 80-3; A.L. Rowse, The England ofElizabeth (1950) pp 447-8 where, however , Sir John is wrongly referred-to as the father of the martyr For the latter see A.B. Purdie, The Life of Blessed John Southworth (1930); E.E. Reynolds , John Southworth, Priest and Martyr (1962); C. Tigar, FortyMartyrs of England and Wales (revised edition, 1970) pp 72-4 See also C.R.S., 4, pp 180-1; C.R.S., 13, p 397; C.R.S. 23, pp 308-9; F. Peck, Desiderata Curiosa (1779 edition) I, passim.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

of recusancy under the new Act (23 Eliz I, cap 1) imposingthe lunar monthly fine oftwenty pounds and by 1587 he owed massive arrears of over a thousand pounds and was threatened with the additional confiscation of nearly four hundred pounds' worthof goods and chattels Under such pressure he at last conformed and was let offtwo-thirds of his debt, but the other third was held over his head for several years until, "by reason of his continued conformity" , it too was cancelled . 53

Another example, on a smaller scale , of the efficacy of official pressure in inducing conformity comes from Bath; on 17 October 1581 the Privy Council notified John Sherstone , formerly mayor, "that whereas Henry Clerke was apprehended at Bathe, being detected of Poperie and Massing, from whom was taken at his apprehension the some of £5 in money and a gelding woth £5 more" , Clerke had subsequently recanted (publiclyin SalisburyCathedral) and Sherstone was instructed to make restitution of the money and the horse, orthe value thereof . This allusion to "Poperie and Massing" , and possibly Churchyard's earlier reference to Catholic gatherings , may mean that Masswas occasionallycelebrated in the Batharea; certainlythe citywas not without visits from Catholic clergy, some of whomperhaps stayed at the house of Dr John Sherwood who was alleged in the 1580s to harbour priests (including one named Eaton) and recusants "under culler of Phisike"55 but whose own Catholicism was inconstant56 Further names, those of Marian priests, occur in the Privy Council registers as visitors to Bath under licence, usually on grounds ofillhealth, so that any impact they may have made, as far as thestimulation of Catholicism was concerned , was probably in most cases slight. One such visitor was Dr John Young, formerly Master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, who, after his stay in Bath, was committed first to the custodyofthe Dean ofCanterburyand then despatched to Wisbech Castle where he died in 1580.57 Two other leading ecclesiastics ofthe previous reign who applied to come to Bath, possiblyunsuccessfully ,

53 Cross, The Puritan Earl, p 240; C.R.S., 57, pp. xvi-xx, xxxi Sir John's enforced conformity is not mentioned in the works cited in the previous note (Rowse, op. cit., p 471, note 3 , says "Everybody was considerate to Sir John Southworth. It did no good"); for this see Dom Hugh Bowler's Introduction to C.R.S., 57 (loc. cit.) and, for a subsequent search of Sir John's house at Samlesbury, revealing "superstitious thinges" including Catholic books, C.R.S. , 60, pp 37-41 In the early seventeenth century conformist descendants, one of them Recorder of Wells, were established in Somerset; see F.T. Colby, The VisitationofSomerset, 1623 (Harleian Society , 11) p 102; T.G. Barnes, Somerset 1625-40 : A County's Government underthe 'Personal Rule' (1961) pp 46, note; 316; J.H. Gleason, Justices ofthe Peace in England, 1558-1640 (1969) pp 106-7 .

54 A.P.C., 1581-2, p. 236 (17 Oct. 1581), also pp 223-4

55 P.R.O., S.P.12/229, no 78. I am grateful to Mr Michael Hodgettsfor this reference . The document is undated but is assigned to "? 1589" in C.S.P.D. , 1581-90 , p 638. The priest may have been Reginald Eaton , for whom see Anstruther, pp 107-8; Foley, VII, p 218

56 See infra. , pp 23-8.

57 A.P.C., 1571-5, p. 367 (also p 253); D.N.B.

were NicholasHarpsfieldand his brother John (formerly Archdeaconof London) who, while in the Fleet prison , petitioned in 1574 "thatin respect of their infirmities and diseases they might be licensed for the recoverie of their helthes, to go and remaine at the Bathes inSomerset shiere till the end of Octobernext. "58

An eminent and active visitor whose philanthropic spirit left a tangible imprint upon the city was the former Abbot of Westminster , Dr John Feckenham, who deserves more than a passing mention . In 1559 he had ably seconded Bishop ScotofChester in defendingtheold religion in the House of Lords5 and after his deprivation he had devoted himself to good works, so that it was said of him, "flies flock not thicker about spilt honey than beggars constantly crowded about him . "60 From the interest-free loan-fund which he inaugurated for his former parishioners (and of which he was himself the largest benefactor) to his provisionof a causeway and a crossat Wisbech many years later, his life was one of practical good-naturedness The unfortunate Lady Jane Grey and Queen Elizabethherself , when a prisoner during Mary's reign, were recipientsof his kindness and hisactivitiesin Bath were thoroughly in keepingwith his reputation for charity and compassion . 61 At a Privy Council meetingat Kenilworth on 18 July 1575 the ex-Abbot was licensed to travel to Bath and he was granted a similar licence in June 1576.62 He was the compiler of a "Booke of sovrigne medicines ... chieflie for the poore containing "Prescriptionsand rules to be observed at the Bathe"63 and while in

58 A.P.C., 1571-5 , p 284; see also D.N.B. and Introduction to C.R.S. , 45 Nicholas Harpsfield died in 1575 and in June 1578 John again applied for permission tovisit Bath on health-grounds (B.M. , Lansdowne 27, f.64; D.N.B. ).

59 J. Strype, Annals of the Reformation (1824 edition) I, pt 2, pp 431-8; Tierney-Dodd, II, pp 132-3 & Appendix cclvi Feckenham's speechwas printedin 1928 in a Catholic Truth Societypamphlet, The New Religion, compiled and prefaced by Lord Seaton. See also D.N.B.; E.C. Messenger, TheReformation ,the Mass and the Priesthood , II (1937) pp 213-5 و"

60 T. Fuller, Church HistoryofBritain (ed J.S. Brewer, 1845) V , p. 97 .

61 For moreon Feckenham , see D.N.B. , corrected by H. Avelingand W.A. Pantin (ed .) The Letter Book ofRobert Joseph (Oxford Historical Society, NewSeries , 19) pp 274-5 ; M.D. Knowles , The Religious Orders in England, III (1959) pp. 428-39 and Knowles , Saints and Scholars (1962) chap 23; also J. McCann & C. Cary-Elwes, Ampleforth and Its Origins (1952) chap 4 and AppendixA, sections 2 & 3 ; E. Carpenter (ed .) A House of Kings (1967) pp 120-30, 447-8; M.R. O'Connell, Thomas Stapleton and the Counter-Reformation (New Haven , Conn , 1964) passim. , especially chaps 9 & 10; F.A. Gasquet, Abbot Feckenham and Bath (D.R. , Dec. 1906, reprinted in The Last Abbot of Glastonburyand Other Essays , 1908) In Elizabeth and the English Reformation , pp 33-5, Professor Haugaard demolishes the tradition that, had Feckenham been prepared to conform, the Queen might have made him Archbishop of Canterbury On the Feckenham loan-fund, see the articles by Dame Bede Foord O.S.B. in the Worcestershire Recusant journal, nos 9-13 (1967-9)

62 A.P.C., 1575-7, pp. 8, 47

63 B.M. , Sloane (167 or) 3919; see also G. Dolan , "Somerset and the Benedictines" in D.R., July 1903, pp 191, 200-1 ; Gasquet, Last Abbot of Glastonburyand OtherEssays, pp 218-21 .

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

the city he provided a lepers' hospice with seven beds for these "most miserable of Objects, who fly to Bath for Relief from the hot Waters" , 64 an item in the City Chamberlain's accounts shows thiswork going forward during his visit in 1576: "delyvred to Mr. Feckenham , late Abbot of Westminster , three tonnes of tymber and ten foot to builde the howse for the poor by the whote bathe, 33s 2d Tohim more, 400 lathes at 10d the hundred"65the

Such co-operation between the civic authorities and the deprived Abbot seems to argue on the part of the former (who may have been won over by Feckenham's engaging personality and practical Christianity) an easy-going attitude muchat variance withthe concern about his recalcitrance and possible subversive influencewhich agitated bodies both more august and more obsessed with religious uniformity Privy Council and the Northern High Commission and which led in 1577 to his arrest for stiffening Catholic resistance duringhisperiodof liberty.67.66 Local leniency may also account for the dearth of Bath names in official reportson Somerset recusancy throughout Elizabeth's reign, though for the county as a whole such reports are thinnner than for many other areas, partly, no doubt, because there were relatively few recusants; partly because of lack of drive by local officials, both ecclesiastical and lay Such inertia was by no means peculiar to Somerset; it was a matter ofgeneral concern and in 1564 there was a nationwide enquiry as to the reliability of the Justices of the Peace . Bishop Berkeley sent in a somewhat complacent report67 but nationally the magistracyincluded many who were hostile, or at least lukewarm , towardsthe new religious settlementalmost a halfin 1564 and an appreciable numberfourteen years later . 68 In 1584halfa dozen Somerset Justices were either papists or had strong papist connections members of the Brett, Fitzjames, Keynes, Lancaster and Sydenham families69and in 1587 BishopGodwin of Bathand Wells was urging the removalfrom the Commission of the Peace of two of them , Sir John Sydenham and John Lancaster, for slackness in dealing with papists; the former had a recusant wife and a daughter -in-law "suspected to be married at a Mass" while the latter is "of all honest men taken to be an enemy to the truth and has one of his beloved

64 J. Wood, A DescriptionofBath (1765 edition) p 306; also pp 257-8, 265; Gasquet, op cit., p 217; W.K. Jordan , The Formingofthe Charitable Institutions of the West of England (American Philosophical Society, 50, pt 8 , Philadelphia , 1960) p 60

65 F.D. Wardle (ed .) Bath City Chamberlains' Accounts , 1568-1602 (S.R.S., 38) p 32, also cited by Gasquet, loc cit See comments in TheJournalof the British ArchaeologicalAssociation , 28, pp. 399-400.

66 Hughes, Reformation in England , III, pp. 414-6; Cross, Puritan Earl, p. 230

67

M. Bateson (ed.) Letters from the Bishops to the Privy Council, 1564 . (Camden Society, New Series, 53) pp 63-4

68 Bateson, passim.; J.B. Black, The Reign of Elizabeth(1959 edition) pp. 24-5; Birt, Elizabethan Religious Settlement , p 522

69 J.H.Gleason, Justices ofthe Peace in England, p. 191

brothers a seminaryat Rhemes. "70 It was men such as these, aswellas others ofvarying shades of sympathy or hostility, who were supposed to enforce anti-Catholic legislation; small wonderthat for twenty years the conviction of recusants was takenout oftheir hands; i.e. from 1587 to 1606, by which time the Catholic element had been largely,though not completely, eliminated . 71 In Somerset remoteness from the organs of the central government , and in Bath the added self-interest of local officials, may have diluted persecution , nor are the three Elizabethan Bishops of Bath and Wells72 among those especially noted for hounding papists, so that if hard-core Romanists were relativelyfew this may have been due not so much to unremitting persecution astoa lack of strong noble and seigneurial backing It is true that Strype writes of"many a stiff papist" in the diocese at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign and that he describes it twenty-odd years later as "inclined to Superstition and the Papal religion" , 73 whereas Mendoza , the Spanish ambassador in Paris, calculatingthe strengthofa Catholic "fifth column" in 1586, declared Somerset to be "heretical"74 but Strype's remarks appear to have been based ,

70 J. Strype, Annals of the Reformation, III, pt 2 (1824) p 462. For the marriage see also Foley, III, p 279 and, for the Sydenhams, G.F. Sydenham, History of the Sydenham Family (privatelyprinted, East Molesey, Surrey, 1928); also, for Sir John Sydenham, C.R.S., 13, p 98, note 104; p 133, note542. The priest-brother of John Lancaster was Roger Lancaster, for whom see Anstruther, p 205. The families were related by marriage (Sydenham, op cit , pp 176-7;F. Brown, AbstractsofSomersetshire Wills, 3rd series, p 48) See also C.R.S., 7, pp 22-34

71 28 & 29 Eliz I, cap 6; 3 Jac I, cap 4. For Catholics as J.P.s in theearly 17th century, see Magee, English Recusants, chap 4, and for Somerset, Gleason , op. cit., pp 193-9; Barnes, Somerset, 1625-40, chap 3 & pp 313-6 On the 1587 Act see C.R.S., 57, pp xxiii, 227; S.A.H. Burne (ed ) StaffordshireQuarterSessions Rolls, 1594-7 (i.e. vol 3; Kendal , 1933) p xiv The immediateeffectof restricting recusancy-conviction to the judges of assize, gaol-deliveryetc. was unspectacular as far as Somerset was concerned To the single recusancy case already recorded in the Somerset portions of the Pipe Rolls (P.R.O., E . 372/426 : Katherine, wife of Edward Keynes, convicted at the Old Bailey) three more were added in 1587-8 and a further two in 1590-1 (P.R.O., E . 372/433, 436) None ofthese were from Bath In addition, however, James Fenn, mentioned supra p 8, was convictedof recusancy while in the Marshalsea prison , Southwark , and therefore occurs in the Pipe Roll under Surrey(P.R.O., E . 372/428 : Surrey /Sussex , 1582-3) while Edward Keynes (of Hampstead Norris, Berks and ComptonPauncefoot , Somerset) occurs under Berkshire in the preceding roll (E . 372/427). For the larger number of Somerset convictions in the 1590s, see sources cited in note 32. For judicial shieldingofCatholic recusants in the early 17th century see G.C.F. Forster , East Riding Justices of thePeace in the 17th century (E. Yorks LocalHistory Society, York, 1973) pp 21-2 , 36-8.

72 Gilbert Berkeley (d 1581), Thomas Godwin (1584-90) and John Still (1593-1608 ) See D.N.B. and theworksby Cassan , Whiteand Hembrymentioned supra. , note2

73 Life and Acts of Matthew Parker, I, pp 154-5 and Life and Acts ofJohn Aylmer (1821 edition) p 58, respectively

74 Cal. S.P. , Spanish, 1580-6 , p 610: a grossly over-optimistic report accompanying Mendoza's letter to Philip II, 13 Aug. 1586, and adding, re

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

respectively , on nothing more substantial than the rejection of the Elizabethan Settlement by a small number of clergy and on Bishop Aylmer's comment that there"reignethgreat ignorance" in the diocese at the end ofthe long episcopate ofthe now-octogenarian and inactive Bishop Berkeley . 75 It would, however, be a mistake to suppose that Somerset Catholics were under no pressure: some were driven into exile, some are known to have been fined; official positions and professional advancement were largely blocked; prison and perhaps deaththerein - might await them, as it did a namelessrecusant prisoner in Ilchestergaol,76 and executionwas not out ofthe question.

In 1577 , towards the end of his episcopate, Berkeleysent to the Privy Council two listsofpapists in his diocese;77 the first hasvanished and there appears to be no recordeven of the numberreportedbutthe second (eight names only, none of them in Bath) is of persons "lately declined and growen to be recusantes" All over England similar developments were takingplace following the arrival from1574 onwards of priests trained overseasyounger, more vigorous and more apostolically-minded than most of the surviving Marian clergy dedicated to frustrating the government's policy of "spiritual starvation" and arousing a chagrin to which a Lancashire J.P. gavebitter expression : "We hoped that these papistical priests dying, all papistry should have died and ended with them, but this breed will never be rooted out: it is impossible ... to extirpate the papisticalfaith out of the land . "78 One such priest, Somerset-born and instrumental in reconciling some of the eight recusants named by Bishop Berkeley, was John Colleton of Milverton, one of the most prominent of the secular clergy, 79 who returned to England in 1576 and made for his native county where he won over his father and other relatives . The former (later to die, a prisonerfor religion, in Gloucester gaol) and Colleton's sister Alice occur in the 1577 list. 80

In the course of Elizabeth'sreign thirty or so Somerset menbecame

Somerset, "notwithstanding this, there are five Catholics who can raise 1,000 men" .

75 Strype, Aylmer, p 59, refers to "his great age and affliction of a lethargy" .

76 H.M.C. , Cal Salisbury MSS ., IV, p 598 ; also p 477 and Anstruther, pp 370-1 for the statement that the prisoner was the father of a secular priest , William Warmington, for whom see also R. Lloyd, Dorset Elizabethans (1967) pp 123-5 Otherpenalties mentioned in this sentence are notedin the preceding pagesand in thenext two paragraphs

77 P.R.O., S.P.12/118, no 16 ; Birt, Elizabethan Religious Settlement , pp 377-8, 522 ; C.R.S., 22, p 7 of which shows nine Somerset recusants, seemingly in error , unless one of the four in the diocese of Bristol (p. 68), apparentlyduplicated by Bath and Wells (pp 66-7), is in fact a different person

78 Black, Reign of Elizabeth , p 182 .

79 See Anstruther, pp 82-5 and, for the founding of the Chapter (of which Colleton became Dean), A.F. Allison, "RichardSmith, Richelieu and the French Marriage" in R.H., 7, pp 150-5; also C.R.S. Monograph 1 , chap. 3 .

80 Anstruther, p 83; C.R.S., 22, p 67

priests and othersbesidesJohn Colletonreappear in thecounty . 81 James Fenn, one of three priest-brothers from Montacute, has alreadybeen mentioned; he was captured near Brympton, close to his birthplace, imprisoned at Ilchester, then taken to London where, after two and a half years in the Marshalsea, he was executed in 1584.82 Another Somerset priest, ordained at Tournai in Elizabeth'sreign and back in England before its close, was Nicholas Fitzjames who subsequently became a Benedictine and died at a great age after many years at Stourton, close to the borders of Somerset, Wiltshire and Dorset Like other committed Elizabethan papists, he came from a family prominent in the dissolutionofthe monasteries underHenryVIII . 84

83

Among the priests not of Somerset origin who can be traced in the county in Elizabeth's reign were Reginald (?) Eaton;85 the notable Jesuit, William Weston, whose autobiography describes a visitto an aged ex-employee of Glastonbury Abbey;86 the martyr Alexander Briant whose achievements included the reconcilation of the father of Robert ParsonsS.J. (perhaps the most famous Somerset exile);87 John Hambley, another martyr, active in the south of the county, and John Chapman - formerly an Anglican clergyman in Dorsetwho admitted to being at Taunton"where he laye at one WiddoweHodson's 3 or 4 Dayes" and "from thence he wente to one Macham's in Somersetshire distant from Tawnton abowt 6 or 7 myles where he stayed 5 or 6 dayes”.889 88

Opposition to the religious régime also took Somerset laymenoverseas (for example, the James Bosgrave and William Phelps reported in 1577)90 or to prison. Among the latter were members of the Keynes

81 See Anstruther, Birt, Foley and Oliver.

82 See supra. , p 8; Anstruther, pp 113-4 and workstherecited.

83 ibid. , pp 117-8; Birt, p. 33; Oliver , p 303; C.R.S., 33 , p. 191, note.

84 For the Fitzjames family, "diligent to serve the King in the Suppression ofthe Monasteries" , as were the Sydenhams, another Somerset family with papist connections , see F. Brown, "The Family of Fitzjames " in Proceedings ofthe Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society , 24, pt 2, pp 32-42; also Hembry, Bishops of Bath and Wells, p 62. On recusant beneficiaries of the Dissolutionsee Mr P.J. Doyle'sforthcomingLondon Recusant article

85 Seesupra , p. 16 & note55; also p 26 for Fr. RobertTempest (possibly in the Bath area).

86 P. Caraman, William Weston , theAutobiographyofan Elizabethan (1955) pp. 110-2, 114-5 (notes)

87 Anstruther, pp 50-1 and works there cited In the Vice-PostulationOffice series on the Forty Martyrs there is a pamphlet on Briant by Peter de Rosa (London, no date)

88 R. Simpson, "John Hambley , alias Tregwethan , Martyr" , in The Rambler , 10 (1858) pp. 325-35 , reprinted in Simpson's Under the Penal Laws (ed Gasquet, 1930); C.R.S., 9, pp 167-73 (Hambley's confession etc.); A.L. Rowse , Tudor Cornwall(1941) pp. 358-60; Anstruther,p. 144 .

89 C.R.S., 5, p 34 .

90 C.R.S., 60, p 2; S.D.N.Q. , 5, pp 113 & 116 (?)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

and Isham families91 as well as John Jacob of Avill, near Dunster, an associate of Campion and Gerard, who had not attended church for almost a quarter of a century and who still in 1593, after manyyears in and out ofprison, refused to do so.⁹92

The arrival ofCampionand his companions , against a backgroundof papally-sponsored Irish revolt, led to an intensification ofanti-Catholic pressure in 1580and 1581the veryend ofBerkeley'slong episcopate and the beginning of a vacancy lasting nearly three years and the activities of both sides are reflected in Bath where a distributor ofone of the numerous contemporary copies of Campion's"Letter to the Lords of the Council" (Campion's Brag) was arrested in 1581 and where, in the same year, the City Chamberlain's accountsrecord the reading of a "proclamationtouching Jesuytes " "93 Berkeley died in 1581 and during the interval before the appointment of his successor the new and vigorous Archbishop of Canterbury, John Whitgift, in the course of his metropolitical visitation of 1583 , enquired searchingly into Catholicismin the diocese of Bathand Wells with what results, it is not known⁹4but from 1584 to 1590, when anti-Catholicfeeling(fanned bythe missionarychallenge, the disturbing presence of Mary Queen of Scots and worsening relationswith Spain, moving towards the Armada-crisis of 1588) was growing apace, the diocese was ruled by the elderly and ailing Thomas Godwin whose episcopate has been characterised as "mild and not violent"95 and who is described by Harington as "unable to travel , broken with age" and dependent on unreliabledeputies . 96 BishopGodwin died in 1590 and another vacancy ensued, during which lists of prominent papistsin most counties and/or dioceses were compiled. The Bath and Wells list reveals , as at the beginningof Elizabeth's reign, a recusant Registrar at

91 C.R.S., 2, p 260. See also C.R.S., 22, p 67; Foley, VII, pp 415-8 and note 141 below(Keynes family) and Anstruther, p 184 (Isham).

92 C.R.S., 2, passim.; C.R.S., 60, pp 60-1; P. Caraman, John Gerard , the Autobiographyof an Elizabethan (1951) pp. 5, 216& 233 (notes) 93 See, respectively , Foley, III, p. 647 and S.R.S., 38, p 52. For the proclamation see P.L. Hughes & J.F. Larkin, Tudor Royal Proclamations , II (1969) no 655. Campion's Brag or Challenge is convenientlyprinted in A.C. Southern , Elizabethan Recusant Prose, 1559-82 (1950) pp 153-5 and as an appendix to E. Waugh, EdmundCampion (1935) and to B. Basset, The English Jesuits (1967) as well as in earlier works such as R. Simpson , EdmundCampion, A Biography (1867) pp. 159-63, 347; J.H. Pollen, English Catholics in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth (1920) pp 348-55, Fr. Pollen's illuminating Introduction (signed "J.H.P.") to the "Catholic Library" edition of Campion's Ten Reasons (1914) pp 7-11 and his articlein The Month, Jan. 1910, pp 1-16 .

94 For Whitgift's Visitation Articles, see W.P.M. Kennedy, Elizabethan Episcopal Administration, III (1924) pp 153-8, but his Register (LambethPalace Library: Whitgift I, ff. 335-6 verso) does not indicatewhat response they evoked

95 F.O. White, Lives of Elizabethan Bishops ofthe Anglican Church (1898) p 284

96 A Briefe View of the Church ofEngland (1653) p 114. The D.N.B. calls him "aged, diseasedand lame of the gout" .

INTRODUCTION

Wells, a Bath physician (the only Bath entry), one recusant in prison, one on bail and eleven others at large- the tip of an iceberg " 97

At the turnofthe century, during the episcopate ofJohn Still (1593 to 1608), Catholics in Somerset may have been jolted bythe impactof Whitgift's continuing concern at "excessive" numbers of papists98 though by this time English Catholicism was suffering a loss of momentum, partly self-inflicted, partly caused not only by the fear of fines, imprisonment and death but also by a deeply-felt aversion to inviting an "opprobrium which will remain as a stigma upon their descendants as traitors to the Queen".99 The widespread drift away from Catholicism is exemplified in the life of Dr John Sherwoodof Bath, almost spanning the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. There were two roughly contemporary physicians named Sherwoodpractising in the city, one ofthem to some extentif decreasingly identified with Catholicism , the other (pace Gasquet) decidedlynot00

97 Nota very massive one; for what it is worth, a 1603 return gives 102 papists in the diocese (B.M. Harleian 280, f 167 verso, printed in Magee, English Recusants, p 83; P. McGrath , Papists and Puritans under ElizabethI, p. 399, etc.), and other statistics collectedby Mr Magee, op cit , passim., show Somerset as one of the least Catholic of counties . The 1592 lists are in H.M.C., Salisbury MSS . , IV, pp 263-75 (pp 274-5for Bath and Wells, including "Doctor Leese , physician , of Bath" , also mentioned supra , p 8 and "John Bishoppe, registrar to the bishopricof the same").. See also supra., p. 2 (William Lancaster); Hembry, Bishops of Bath and Wells, p 137. There are more detailed returnsfor 1603 (lists of recusants, non-communicants and communicants ) in B.M., Harleian 595, but thesedo not cover the diocese ofBathand Wells

98 However, Bath and Wells is one of the half-dozen dioceses from which no significations of excommunication(1601) are included in C.R.S., 60, pp. 102-44 .

99 Cal. S.P. Spanish, 1580-6, p. 97. See also J.T. Cliffe, The YorkshireGentry, p. 170, and for English Catholicismin the period 1590-1603 , McGrath , op. cit., chap. 10

100 The latter, stated by Gasquet, The Last Abbot of Glastonbury and Other Essays (1908) p 216, and D.R. , Dec. 1906, p 254 (partly misinterpretingDom H.N. Birt in the July 1901 issue , pp 153-4) to have been a Catholic,father ofDr John Sherwood and host to Abbot Feckenham, was Dr Reuben Sherwood who came to practise medicine in Bath after being Head Master of Eton and who had earlier eulogised the posthumous rehabilitation of theprotestantreformers Bucer and Fagius and had been a petitioner, while a proctor at Cambridge in 1570, on behalf of Thomas Cartwright. See C.H. & T. Cooper , Athenae Cantabrigienses, II (1861) pp 269-70; J. & J.A. Venn , Alumni Cantabrigienses, IV (1927) p 65; A. Wood, Fasti Oxonienses, I (ed P. Bliss, 1815) columns 173 & 174; J. Foster, Alumni Oxonienses, 1500-1714 (1888) p 1350; Sir G.N. Clark, The Royal College of Physicians ofLondon, I (1964) p 127; Sir H. Maxwell-Lyte, History of Eton College (1899) pp 185, 612; K.E. Symons, The Grammar School ofKing Edward VI, Bath (Bath, 1934) p 182; W. Munk, Roll of the Royal College of Physicians, I(1878) p 98; T.G(uidott), Lives and Characters ofthe Physicians of Bath, 1598-1676 (1677) no 1. Sherwood's Latin verses occur in C. Hubertus , Historia Vera: de Vita, Obitu ... beatorum ... Theologorum D. Martini Buceri& Pauli Fagii, etc. (1562) p 184 and are reprinted in Bucer's Scripta Anglicana (Basle, 1577) p 953. On his support for Cartwright, see Strype, Annals ofthe Reformation, 1, pt 2, p 376; A.F. Scott Pearson, Thomas Cartwright and Elizabethan Puritanism (1925) pp 36, 427. See also H.C. Porter, Reformation and Reactionin Tudor Cambridge (1958) pp. 57, 213 ; P.R. James, The Baths of

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

According to AntonyWood 'an eminent practitioner ... in the city of Bath ... much resorted to by those of the Rom Cath religion, he himself being of that profession" , was Dr John Sherwood , educated at Oxford and Rheims , where the award of his doctorate in 1580 was recorded in the English College diary . 101 On returning to England Dr Sherwoodsettled for a time in Bristol where his father joined him¹02 , but after the latter's death he moved to Bath; his daughterMary was christened therein November 1586and in 1593 he acquired the leaseof the Abbey House, once the Priors' residence, where he dwelt until his death in 1621103a prominent citizen In 1604 he had helped to make arrangements for the visit to Bath of the ailing Robert Cecil , incurring local odium ("all for loveofthemselves, withoutregard ofthe Bath, pp. 66-7, 117 (which, however, repeats that Reuben was the father ofDr John Sherwood , whereas the MS pedigree cited in note 112, below , and other sources cited in note 108show the latter's father to have been Henry Sherwood).

101 A. Wood, op cit , col 274; Foster , op cit , p 1349; T.F. Knox, First and Second Diaries of theEnglishCollege, Douay, p. 172; Guidott, op. cit., no. 3; J.H. Raach, Directory ofEnglish Country Physicians, 1603-43 (1962) p 81 - wrongly reprinted ibid , p 113 as "Samuel Sherwode" and reproduced thus in S.D.N.Q., 18, p 199. In his will, proved atNorwich in 1610, the youngHenryMorse , latera Jesuit and martyr, refers to his brother-in-law Dr John Sherwood (marriedtohis sister Anne), probably not of the Bath family but of the East Anglian one mentioned in R.W.I. Smith, English-Speaking Students of Medicine at the University of Leyden (Edinburgh, 1932) pp 210-1, and in Raach, op cit , p 82 For the will, see P. Caraman, HenryMorse, Priest ofthe Plague (1957) pp 4, 189

102 P.R.O., S.P. 12/168, no 25 (ii): 1584 report - apparently erroneous in stating that Dr Sherwood had lived at Bristol for "about six yeares paste" . See also P. McGrath , "Gloucestershire and the Counter-Reformation in the Reign of ElizabethI" in Trans. Bristol & Gloucestershire ArchaeologicalSociety , 88, p 27; J.H. Pollen, Acts of English Martyrs (1891) pp 3-4: death at Dr JohnSherwood's house in Bristol of his father, HenrySherwood , evidentlybeforeJuly 1582 when the latter's wife, Elizabeth , occurs as a widow in a London prison-list, printed in St G.K. Hyland, A Century of Persecution (1920) p. 390. Another prison-listof similar date, drawn up in March 1583 but relating to prisoners committedto the Marshalsea in the previous June, also shows her as a widow (C.R.S., 2, p 231) See also note 108 . 103 B.M. Harleian 1445, no 10, f.246 verso: roughcopy of memorialbrass in BathAbbey. See also D.R. , July 1901, pp. 154-5; Guidott, loc cit.; R. Rawlinson , History and Antiquities of the Cathedral -Church of Salisbury and oftheAbbeyChurch of Bath (1719) p 192; J. Collinson, History and Antiquities of the County of Somerset, I (Bath, 1791) p 70 in Bath section Mary Sherwood's christening , 21 Nov. 1586, and her father'sburial, 16 Feb. 1620-1, are recordedin R.B.A., pp 7 & 348 respectively . A number of Catholic memorialinscriptions, mainly from Rawlinson , are printed, wholly or in part, in Davey See also Symons, op cit , pp 163, 182; J.F. Meehan, "The Abbey House and Its Associations " in More Famous Houses of Bath and District (Bath, 1906) pp 225-9, where, however, Dr Sherwood is not mentioned . The house is shown on various maps and plans of Bath (e.g. Joseph Gilmore's survey, 1692-4 , in Bath Reference Library) and came to be known as the Royal Lodgings because successive royal visitors stayed there It was demolished to make way for the Duke of Kingston's baths whose construction (1755-63) briefly opened-up the Roman baths; cf. B. Cunliffe, Roman Bath (Report no. 24 of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 1969) p 91; Cunliffe, Roman Bath Discovered (1971) pp. 36-7

health and safety of those by whom the burden of our estate is supported") when the visit was cut short because of plague,apparently on his recommendation("They rail and revel at their pleasure but I esteem it less than nothing, as long as my conscience witnesses I have dealt honestly")104 and to his house came patients-cum-lodgers of some notability , 105 though John Wood's statement that the queen , Anne ofDenmark, stayed therein 1615 appears to be unfounded . 106

Equally groundless are the often-repeated assertions of Dr Sherwood's consistent Catholicism;107 in fact he fell short of the standards ofhisparents and his brothers His father and mother (a sister of the much-persecuted Francis Tregian) were devout papists who suffered for their religion; his brother Thomas was one of the first Elizabethanmartyrs, another brother entered the Society ofJesusand two more became secular priests : Richard and Henry the latter formerly a London woollen-draper whose health was wrecked by prolonged imprisonment on religious grounds ; the former once the Catholics' agent "in matters of great importance" in whose household the future martyr and saint, Edmund Gennings, was converted . 108 But Dr John Sherwood's incorporation at Oxford University in 1596

104 H.M.C., Cal Salisbury MSS ., XVI, pp 179, 313 (Sherwood's letterstoCecil, 21 July & 22 Sept. 1604). See also A. Cecil, Life of Robert Cecil, First Earl of Salisbury (1915) p. 227; J.F.H. Shrewsbury, History of Bubonic Plague in the British Isles (1970) p. 278

105 e.g. Lady Rutland in 1605 (H.M.C., RutlandMSS , IV, p. 457 , citedby P.R. James, The Baths ofBath, p. 117)

106 J. Wood, A Descriptionof Bath (1765 edition) p 207, refutedby James, loc. cit For an epigramaddressed to Dr Sherwood by Sir John Harington, see his Letters and Epigrams (ed. N.E. McClure , Philadelphia , 1930) pp 217-8

107 e.g. Antony Wood, as cited at the beginning of the previous paragraph; Symons, op cit , p 163 and D.R., Dec. 1895, p 322 ("a Catholic physician"); D.R., July 1901, p 153 ("one ... of those who would on no consideration bow the knee to Baal"); July 1903, p 190 ("devoutCatholicphysician"); Dec. 1906, p 255 and Davey, p 12 ("recusant") If at any time a recusant, Dr Sherwood was never convicted of recusancy; he occurs neither in the Pipe Rolls under Gloucestershire or Somerset (to 1591) nor in the Somerset portions of the Recusant Rolls thereafter (P.R.O., E . 372/426-36 ; C.R.S., 18, 57, 61; P.R.O E . 377/5-29).

108 The main sources for this sentence and for the genealogy at the end of this note are two near-contemporary narratives : "De Thoma Sherwood Martyre, coppyed out of a relationwritten by his brother" (transcriptin StonyhurstMSS Collectanea M , ff. 157-9, printed in Pollen , op cit , pp 2-8) and J. Geninges The Life and Death ofMrEdmundGeninges, Priest ... (earlyversion, 1603, in C.R.S .. 5, pp 205-7; fuller edition, St Omer's, 1614; reprinted, variously edited and abridged, in 1680 as Strange and MiraculousNews from St Omer'sa hostile. "Popish Plot" leafletin 1887 and in 1961 as a pamphlet in the Vice-Postulation Office series on the Forty Martyrs); see also A.F. Allison "Franciscan Books in English, 1559-1640" , in Biographical Studies (nowR.H.) 3, pp 9, 17, 27,41 and Allison & Rogers, A Catalogue of Catholic Books in English printed abroad or secretly in England, 1558-1640 , pt 1 (in Biographical Studies, 3) p 66.The above narratives are supplemented, as regards the persons mentionedbelow inbrackets , by the following: B. Camm, Lives of English Martyrs, II (1905) p. 235 and L.I. Guiney, Recusant Poets (1938) p 194 (Tregian connection ; for Francissee the

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

suggests something less than full Catholic commitment109 and by the beginning of the seventeenth century, as the next paragraph shows , he was not only hostile to his son's becominga priest but had advised him to conform outwardly to the Established Churchas he himself did, accordingto anotherson , Robert,who recalls being"reconciled"tothe Catholic faith (in his case by a FatherRobert Tempest) as, at different times , were some of his brothers . 110 In the circumstances the later discovery of Mass-vestments in the house once occupied by Dr Sherwood probably has no relevance; the building had, after all, been part of the Abbey precincts and as the apartment where the garments were found was walled-up it seems likely that they dated from the dissolution especiallyas the account of the discoverysuggestsa far larger collection than a priest-harbourer would be likely to have: "Round the walls, upon pegs, were hung as in a vestry-room ... the copes, albs, and chesiples" (i.e. chasubles) "and other garments of the religious" . "111

biographyby P.A. Boyan & G.R. Lamb, 1955); by Knox , DouayDiaries , p. 181; Foley, IV, p. 183; VI, p 150; VII, p. 709 and P. Caraman, Henry Garnet and the Gunpowder Plot (1964) p. 410 & note 1 (John Sherwood S.J. , who died before ordination, said by Foley to be the martyr's nephew but probably the "Sherwoode frater Sherwoddi martyris" mentionedin the second Douay Diary, loc cit, who left Rheims for Rome inAugust 1581); Anstruther, pp. 313-4;also p. 128 sub Edmund Gennings (Henry and Richard Sherwood , with regard to whom a documentin the P.R.O., S.P.15/30, no 120, is erroneously rendered in C.S.P.D., Addenda, 1580-1625 , p 259, giving the impression that a priestnamed Sherwood had two priest-brothers, whereas the original reads, "there are two brethrenofthemhere, priests both" - referringto other persons mentionedinthe MS ., and not simply, or perhaps at all, to Sherwood ) With Mrs Elizabeth Sherwood and her son Henry in London prison-lists of the early 1580s is an Elizabeth Sherwood , spinster, possibly the latter's sister (Hyland, op cit, pp 383, 385-6, 390) See also LadyG. Fullerton's story Constance Sherwood (1865) Sherwood genealogy (supplementingthat citedin note 112 , below):HenrySherwood m . Elizabeth Tregian (widowby July 1582; see note 102)

Dr John Thomas (eldest son) layman (martyred (1578)

Unnamed son in Dorset

Richard Henry (secular priests) John, the younger? (Jesuit 8 other children scholastic)

109 A. Wood, loc cit Wood's remarks, cited at the beginning of the previous paragraph, show that, writing a century later, he regarded Dr Sherwood as a Catholic, but "being of that profession" and being a professing papistwerebyno means necessarily the same thing

110 See next paragraph The conversions of Thomas and John are mentionedin C.R.S. 54, p 194 , and that of Robert in C.R.S., 30, p. 103; C.R.S., 33, pp 225-6 and Birt, p 43. Two roughly contemporarypriests named RobertTempestoccur in Anstruther, pp. 249-50, who amplifies the entry for one of them in Foley, VII, pp 766-7 . For Robert Sherwood , see also Stapleton , OxfordshireMissions , pp. 128, 331

111 Collinson, op cit. , I, p. 58, not II, p 85 as cited in J.C. Fowler, The Benedictines in Bath during a Thousand Years (Yeovil, 1895) p 71 (also D.R., Dec. 1895, p 322) Gasquet declares, "It strikes me, however , as more than

INTRODUCTION

Dr Sherwood'swife Mary, daughter of Edward Knowell, had close ties with Somerset recusancy through her own family and through her sisters' marriages¹1112 and although she herself wavered for a time she eventually returned to the Catholic faith, as did four sonsthree of them becomingpriestswhile a daughter , Mary, appearsto have been a persistent absentee from Anglican services, earning the designation of popish recusant Two sons (William and Robert, mentioned above) entered the Benedictineorder, the former commemoratinghis native city by taking, in religion, the name of a local saint, Elphege, while Robert, fittingly for one brought up in the former priors' house , became the first Cathedral -Prior of Batha nominaldignity, retaining in the restoredEnglishBenedictine congregation a title abolished under Henry VIII . 113 A third son, Thomas, joined the Society of Jesus and on entering the English College in Rome in 1607 he made a long and illuminating autobiographicalstatementfrom which it appears that he was the second of Dr Sherwood'sseven sons and that his elder brother John, who was married and lived mainly in Ireland, was a practising Catholic , while two of his paternal uncles were secular priests . 114 His father, however , while counselling him not to forget his religion when in protestant company , nevertheless advised him "to attend heretical churches for the sake of his career" (he had gone to London to study law). He adds that he had been educated in Bath, evidently at King

possible that they were vestments for the use of priests, who were compelled to hide away during penal times" (LastAbbot of Glastonbury and Other Essays,p 216; D.R. , Dec. 1906, p 255) See also Britton & Peach, BathAbbeyChurch, p. 39, note5, for a similarview

112 A MS . Sherwood pedigree (undated) in B.M. Harleian 110, 122, shows Dr John Sherwood's wife as Mary, daughter of "Edward Knolle (?) of Samford , Som . " In C.R.S. , 54, pp 193-4, her maiden name is spelt Knowell, one of her sisters is described as "the Catholic wife of Ed. Keynes, a Catholic" and two others are stated to be the wives of JohnBishopand John Parham, both listedas recusants in 1592 (H.M.C., Cal Salisbury MSS . , IV, p 274) The former, Registrar of Bath and Wells diocese, is also mentioned in note 97 above and supra., p 3 Parham is described fifteen years later as having undergone much suffering. including imprisonment, and to be outwardly conforming but still "internally Catholic" (C.R.S., 54, p 193) For the recusant KnowellsofSandfordOrcas, now in Dorset, see Cal Salisbury MSS ., loc cit.; C.R.S., 57 , p 143; S.D.N.Q. , 5, p 115; F.C. Colby (ed ) VisitationofSomerset, 1623 (Harleian Society, 11) p 123 The MS. pedigree does not include Dr Sherwood's motheror brothers,for whom see note 108, above 113 Downside : Allanson , "Biography" , I, pp 167, 175; Symons, op cit , pp 163-4

114 C.R.S., 54, pp 189-95 (superseding the version in Foley, IV, pp 412-6) The pedigree mentioned in note 112, above, shows six sons , omitting William (Elphege) born in 1595 and two daughters, one of whom died in infancy, baptised in October 1590 and January 1594 (R.B.A. , pp 11, 9, 10, 335) Henry, the youngest appearing in the pedigree, was christened in July 1589 (ibid , p 8), so the pedigree would seem to have been drawn up between that date and October of the following year. The uncles were Henry and Richard Sherwood (see note 108), one of them perhaps the author of theStonyhurstMS there cited,printed by Pollen, loc cit, with the heading "Thomas Sherwood the Martyr A Relation written by his Brotherfor his Nephews"

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Edward's school, by the two masters, alreadymentioned, who became Catholics . 115 Thomas at first offended one of his uncles and his elder brother by rejecting the former's advice to cross the Channel and study for the priesthood as "he did not wishto grieve his mother and disobey his father" , but he was later reconciled , togetherwith his mother, after which he became conscious of a vocation to the priesthood. Mrs Sherwooddied in 1612 and it was probably her daughterwho wasthe "Maria Sherwood" presented for recusancy in the 1620s by the churchwardens ofSt Mary de Stalles . 116

By this time the Bishop of Bath and Wells was Arthur Lake (1616-1626) whose predecessor BishopMontague , the restorerofBath Abbey, had reported unconcernedly though perhaps a trifle overoptimistically in 1608 that recusants in his diocese were outnumberedby good preachers and that continuedefforts to increase the latterportended a further diminution in the former . 117 In this process, financial exactionsalso played their part, one victim in James I'sreign being "The Lady Booth of Bath" , " a loyal and philanthropic lady who contributed, with many Catholics , to the Armada-subsidy of 1588 and who, years later, was the one substantial sojourner in Bath (described in extenuation as "a very little poore Cittie and Clothmen much decayed") who paid willingly towards the benevolence for the Palatinate in 1622.119 She was a benefactress to the poor in Cheshire , her native county, and in her will she left moneyto BathAbbey and to the poor of Baththe Booth Bequest " Throughher the Boothsof

118

115 120 Adam Arnoll (or Arnold) and Henry Slyman , for whom see supra , p 7)

Another of their pupils was the celebrated John Hales, for whom see D.N.B. , Symons, op cit , pp 159, 192 and J.H. Elson, John Hales of Eton (New York, 1948)

116 S.R.O., D/D/Ca . 244 (Act Book of the ConsistoryCourt of the Bishopof Bath and Wells, 1624-6) ff 17, 26, 68. For Mrs Sherwood's memorial and burial-entry, see sources cited in note 103; also Davey, p. 12

117 P.R.O., S.P.14/35, no 58: Montague to Salisbury , 25 Aug. 1608

118 B.M. Add MS. 34765, f.30: grant of Lady Booth's recusancy to Henry Martin and Augustine Griggs, 28 Feb. 1609 .

119 See, respectively , Trans Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 6, p 206 and P.R.O., S.P.14/130, no 61 (12 May 1622).

120 P.R.O., Prob. 11/155/30 Sources for the Booth Bequest are Bath City Archives : Council Book no 1 , entry for 21 Jan. 1633 (also 2 Aug. & 2 Nov. 1635) and Further Report of Commissioners forInquiring concerning Charities (i.e. 4thReport, 1820) pp 298-9 Collinson, History and Antiquities ofSomerset , I, pp 70-1 in Bath section, and R. Warner, History of Bath (1801) pp 263-4& note, both mention but misdate this bequest. It is not among the Bath benefactions discussed by Professor W.K. Jordan, The Formingofthe Charitable Institutions of the West of England(AmericanPhilosophical Society, 50, pt 8 , Philadelphia , 1960). For Lady Booth'scontribution towards paving theAbbey see R. Rawlinson , History and Antiquities ofthe Cathedral -Church ofSalisburyand of the Abbey-Church ofBath(1719) pp 172-3; J. Wood, Descriptionof Bath, pp 210-1; Britton & Peach, Bath Abbey Church, p. 99 (also £1 bequeathed for the same purpose by "Mrs Margaret Mannering dwellingin this citie with the Lady Booth").

Dunham Massey were connected with the Warburtons, and another marriage linked them with the Masseystwo Cheshire families with Catholic leanings but her descendants developed in a strongly protestant direction, producing in Henry Booth, Lord Delamere , a scourge of papists at the time of the "Glorious Revolution" , 121 and she herself appears eventually to have conformed. Later in the seventeenth century she was remembered locally as the foremost among the "Protestant Benefactors" to Bath Abbey and her support for the Elector Palatine against the Catholic Emperorwould seemto placeher in the protestant camp, nor has her will any Catholic overtones ; it refers to the late Bishop Lake of Bath and Wells as "so pious and worthie a friend" and asks that a sermon be preached in the Abbey following her interment thereby night " 122 123

The reigns of James I and Charles I are marked byofficialenquiries about the strength of Catholicism, backed up by occasional demands (usuallybowing to parliamentarypressure) for enforcementofthe laws against it, as when in December 1625 the Attorney-General wrote to the Clerk of the Peace for Somerset demanding more vigorous action against popish recusants who, in that county, as elsewhere, had lately been reported on the brink of revolt and who had just been raided and deprivedof a motley and innocuous collectionofarms and armour;his letter, however , "was carefully entered on the sessions rolls and then apparently forgotten".124 At about this time, though, the cases ofa large number of recusants, onlya few of them in Bath , came beforethe

121 Lady (Elizabeth) Booth was the daughter of Sir John Warburton of Arley and George Massey's mother was Anne, daughter of George Booth of Dunham . For the Warburtons and Masseys, see K.R. Wark, Elizabethan Recusancy in Cheshire (Chetham Society, Third Series, 19) passim.; and, for Lady Booth, Sir G.J. Armytage & J.P. Rylands , Pedigrees at the Visitation of Cheshire, 1613 (Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society , 58) p 28. She was the widow ofSir William Booth who died during the minority of his heir, later Sir George Booth, one of James I's first baronets, from whom were descended the Delamere and Warringtonpeers See "G.E.C." , Complete Peerage ; J. & J.B. Burke, TheExtinct and Dormant Baronetage of England 1888) p 73; J.P. Rylands , The Visitation of Cheshire, 1580 (Harleian Society , 18) pp 37, 240; R. Stewart -Brown, Cheshire Inquisitions Post-Mortem (Lancs & Cheshire Record Soc., 84) p 44; J.R. Hurstfield, The Queen's Wards (1958) p 122. For Delamere's depredations in 1688, see C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p xvii, note 35 and works there cited

122 H. Chapman, Thermae Redivivae: The City of Bath Described (1673) pp. 8-9; B. Magee, The English Recusants (1938) pp 114-5 (Catholic attitudes towards Electorand Emperor)

123 Will as cited supra , note 120; R.B.A., p 353 (Lady Booth'sburial, 27 Dec. 1628). Nocturnal burial was by no means a specificallyCatholic practice;it was common in the 17th and 18th centuries and was only ended by the BurialLaws Amendment Act of 1880 (43 & 44 Vic. , cap. 41, section 3). On this, see W.S. Lilly and J.E.P. Wallis, A Manual of the Law specially affectingCatholics (1893) pp 57-64, 198-203.

124 E.H. Bates-Harbin (ed.) Quarter Sessions Records for the County of Somerset: Charles I (S.R.S., 24) p xxiv; M.J. Havran, Catholics in Caroline England (1962) p. 29; T.G. Barnes, Somerset, 1625-40 : A County'sGovernment underthe "Personal Rule" (1961) pp 14 , 106, 114

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Consistory Court of Bishop Lake125 - shortly to be succeeded by Laud, ascending the jacob's ladder of preferment towards Canterbury, the block and eternity Laud's influence as a diocesan was as nothing compared to his later impact in wider roles;he was Bishopof Bathand Wells for only two years (1626-1628 ) and never visited the See . 126 It may, however, have been traversed by the Catholic Bishop of Chalcedon , DrRichardSmith (second Vicar-Apostolic ofEngland ,Wales and Scotland), who took in the western counties during an extensive visitation lastingfrom July 1625 to February 1627 which is known to have included the neighbouringcounty ofWiltshire and which did not overlook even "the mostremote provinces".127

Laud was translated to London in 1628, on the eve of Charles I's period of personal rule, and the tightening-up of the fiscal sanctions against recusancy during these eleven years (1629-1640) whenthe king was seeking to maximise his non-parliamentary income , is reflected in orders to the judges to be especially vigilant in religious mattersand to further "the advancement of true religion and suppression of the contrarie ... that those that will not bee fed in the Church may bee fined by the Exchequer."128 The northern counties borethe brunt of the drive for increased recusancy -revenue¹ 29 and while the historianof Somerset under Charles's personal rule considers it likely that in this county"the recusants were rarely molested" ,130 they did notgetoff scot-free; their increasing payments to the southern commissioners averaged some £84 per annum . Real risk of molestation might be countered by frequent changes of abode; one elusive Somerset lady, "retorned for recusancie" , was "some tymes in Dorset, some tymes in Somersett and some tymes by stealth in Devonto papist howses and she is nowe at Chideocke in Dorsett" , " but government policy

125 S.R.O., D/D /Ca 244, ff.17 , 26, 68, 87, 108, 110: theAbbey and St Maryde Stalles parishes; also Bathwick(Henry Nevell, non-communicantbut subsequently received the sacrament). For Mrs Frances Nevill, presented as a papist after the Restoration , see infra., note 162. See also V.C.H. , Somerset, II, p 41.

126 H.R. Trevor-Roper, ArchbishopLaud (2nd edition, 1962)p. 92

127 P. Hughes, Rome and the Counter-Reformationin England (1942) pp 333 , 351; Foley, I, p 138

128 T.G. Barnes(ed ), Somerset Assize Orders, 1629-40 (S.R.S., 65) pp 56-7 .

129 C.R.S., 53, pp 297-307; Havran, op cit , pp 95-7; B. Magee, The English Recusants, pp 73-6; G.E. Aylmer, The King'sServants (1961) pp 166-7; also J.T. Cliffe, The Yorkshire Gentry(1969) chap 10 and Havran, Caroline Courtier: The Lifeof Lord Cottington (1973) pp 120-1

130 Barnes, Somerset, 1625-40 , p 15

131 K.J. Lindley, "The Lay Catholicsof England in the Reign of Charles I" in The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 22, p 213. No Bath recusants appear to have been involved (P.R.O., E . 351/315-325 : AccountsofG. Feilding, Receiver of Recusancy Revenues, 1627-39) but the Somerset families of Brett and Keynes were; see also note 141 and C.R.S., 22, p 67, note2

132 P.R.O., S.P.16/390, no. 129 (21 May 1638)re Mrs (?) Rowe, also mentioned by Lindley, art, cit, p 208. The Rowes, connected with thefamilyofPoyntz,

might also be hampered by unco -operative local officials and the impressive series of glowing but secondhand accounts ofthe diocese of Bath and Wells submittedby Laud (now Archbishop of Canterbury)to the kingevery year from 1633 to 1639133is split downthe middle by a 1636 report that "there are manie Popishe Recusants residinge inthe Countie of Somerset who, by the wilful neglect and connivance of ministers,churchwardens and constables in diverse parishes, are not duly presented to the Assizes and Sessions where they ought to be indicted and convicted accordinge to the Lawes and Statutes in that case provided"134 nor was Laud himself satisfied that the information given by Bishop Piers was entirely trustworthy; the latter might insistthat Catholicismwas "much decreased, neither are any newly presented for Recusancye" but Laud wondered "if there be not fewer presented, eyther by the overaweinge of them which whould present, or some cunninge in those which would not be presented" . In 1634 his metropolitical visitation had shed practically no light onCatholicismin the diocese of Bath and Wells¹36 but the 1636report and Laud'sown suspicions, the surviving (and incomplete) records ofsome two hundred Quarter Sessions presentments for recusancy, the three hundred and thirty convictions not, however, resulting in veryheavy finingand a contemporary list of priests in the county (ten, but including Nicholas Fitzjames O.S.B., just over the Wiltshire border) all point at least to survival, if not revival , though Somerset remained overwhelmingly protestant. 137135

As in Elizabeth's reign, priestsand religious can bediscovered both serving the few early seventeenth-century Mass -centres and coming from Somerset familiesthe former including the Benedictinemartyr

succeeded them as patrons of the Leighland mission; see G. Dolan , "An Old Somerset Mission : Leighland" in D.R. , Dec. 1893, p 244; Oliver, p 62, also T.B. Trappes-Lomax, "The Family ofPoyntz and its CatholicAssociations" in R.H., 6, pp 68-79.

133 The History of the Troubles and Tryal of William Laud (ed . H. Wharton , 1695) pp 526, 530, 536, 540, 548, 557, 564; also "Documentsofthe Laudian Period" in Collectanea II (ed T.F. Palmer, S.R.S., 43) pp 208-11 Havran, Catholics in Caroline England, p 105, errs in attributing to Laud (History ofthe Troubles ...) a report of the spread ofpopery in the diocese of Bathand Wells in 1637; possibly the reference should be toWinchester diocese.

134 Bates-Harbin, op cit , pp 262-3 .

135 Lindley, art cit , p 204

136 H.M.C. , 4th Report, Appendix, p 140: four suspected popish recusants at Wells

137 Barnes, op cit, p 14 & note 35 (presentments); P.R.O., S.P.16/478, no 69 (25 March , 1641: 330 Somerset recusancy-convictions , 1-14 Car. I); Magee, op cit, pp 96-7; Lindley, art cit , 203, 213 (convictionsand fines); A.A.W., Series A, 26, pp 495-8 (1632 list of priests, also mentionedby Foley, VII, p 376, sub Howes, and by Havran, op cit , p 82). For Fitzjames see supra , p.21. On the predominantly protestanteven "puritan"character of the county, see the remarks of Professor D. Underdown , Somerset in the Civil Warand Interregnum (NewtonAbbot, 1973) pp 21-2 .

141

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

PhilipPowel , 138 the latter the three Sherwood brothersfromBath(and John Sherwood , a Benedictine lay-brother);139 a Jesuit , Ignatius Godwin, born at Wells, and Dom JohnMartin O.S.B. who died thereof smallpox on the way to visit his sickfather;140 members oftherelated Keynes, Ewens and Brett families, all of which had been penalised for their religion, and a nephew and namesake of Father Robert Parsons S.J.142 The localities of most of these, and other sources already cited, make it clear that late Elizabethan and early Stuart Catholicism in Somerset was mainly to be found wellto the south of Bath, westwards towards Devon and eastwards towards Wiltshire and Dorset the pattern noted by Dr Lindley as applying in Charles I's reign, by which time very few of the citizensof Bath appear to have been Catholics . 143 The surrounding nobility and gentry in adjacent parts of Somerset , Gloucestershire and Wiltshire had longago gone over almost en masse to the Establishmentand there is a marked contrast with, say, York where increasing gentry-commitment helped to sustain recusancy, or Winchester where many citizens and a numberofnearby landowners remained resolutely Catholic . 144 But if evidence as to

138 Challoner, Memoirs of Missionary Priests (ed Pollen, 1924) pp 475-81 ; B. Camm, NineMartyrMonks(1931) pp 318-43;Dictionary of WelshBiography , p 1146; Dolan , art cit (in D.R., Dec. 1893) and "Somerset and the Benedictines" (D.R., July 1903) pp 195-7; Trappes-Lomax , art cit, pp. 74-8 .

139 See supra , pp 26-8 and Birt, p 48 (Brother John Sherwood , "born in Somerset").

140 Foley, VII, p 306 and Birt, p 49, respectively .

141 Foley, VII, p 82 (Robert Brett S.J.), 236-7 (Maurice Ewens S.J.), 415-8 (Edward, George, jun., John and Maurice Keynes) For grants of the recusancy of these families, see B.M. , Add MS , 34765, ff. 33 verso (Brett, for whom see also note 131), 37 (Keynes, misspelt Reines; see also notes 71 and 131), 46 (Ewens). Other Somerset families in this document, apart fromLady Booth of Bath (see note 118) are Walton, Maunsell and Byfleet (all in f.16 verso), Knolle (Mrs Sherwood's family, see note 112, misspelt Knotte, f.23 verso), Wadham (f.26), Sydenham (f.34 verso; see also supra. , p 18) For the Byfleets, and their connections with the Brett, Keynes and other Catholic families, see I.M. Whitfield, "A Somerset Recusant Family" in S.D.N.Q. , 29, pp 215-20.

142 alias Briant or Richardson (Foley, VII, pp 574-5).

143 Catholic recusancy in the Bath area is not reflected in the accounts ofthe Receiver of Recusants' Forfeitures, 1627-39 (P.R.O., E . 351/315-325 : Somerset sections) nor in the Subsidy Rolls ofCharles I's reign Under I Car. I, cap. 6, recusantswere liableto double subsidiesand someRolls (P.R.O. series E . 179) specifically indicate them , e.g. a Wiltshire Roll, for which see Wilts Notes & Queries , VIII (Devizes, 1917) pp 342-4 See also C.R.S., 53, pp 295, 305, note 36; Lindley, art cit , pp 200, 202, 210. However, the Somerset Subsidy Rollsrelatingto Bath and to Bathforum Hundred (P.R.O., E . 179/172, 375, 379, 388, 392, 398, 402, 404) do not mention recusants and the Somerset Rolls in the British Museum (Add Charters & Rolls, 28, 275-8) do not cover the Batharea

144 See Oliver; V.C.H. , Somerset, II; Wilts , III; Gloucs , II; P. McGrath, "Gloucestershire and the Counter-Reformation in the Reign of Elizabeth I" in Trans . Bristol & Gloucs ArchaeologicalSociety, 88, pp 5-28 Themost up-todate studies of Catholic survival in the York and Winchester areas are , respectively , C.R.S. Monograph 2 (City of York) and J.E. Paul, "Hampshire

146

148

native Bath Catholics is exiguous , Catholicism was far from unknownin the city during the reigns ofJames I and Charles I, thanksto numerous Catholic visitors Often, like their Elizabethan predecessors, they came under licence to take the waters, though 1605 brought more sinister callers , with Bath a rendezvous for conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot 145 These apart , the Catholics who sought to come to Bath seem harmless enough, but not all who so desired were given permission ; an elderly and prominent secular priest (once a novice in the brieflyrestored Abbey of Westminster ) petitioned Sir Robert Cecil from Newgate in the plague-summer of 1603 for permission to visit Bath , apparently unsuccessfully , ¹ and later in James I's reign an invalid widow, returning from abroad and found to be in possession of a crucifix and devotional books , refused to attend an Anglicanservice or to take the oath of allegiance and, instead ofjourneying to Bath, found herself on her way to London and the Gatehouse where she was imprisonedwith three other intransigent ladies.147 Anintendingvisitor who received more sympathetic treatment was the Jesuit priest John Clare, alias Dominic, who was licensed to go to Bathafter being"taken in a dead palsy" , " and notable laypeople came fromall partsofthe kingdom; the Privy Council Registers disclose the visits of Catholics from as far afield as Yorkshire (members of the Middleton , Anne and Cholmley families), Durham, Suffolkand many other counties , aswell asfrom London and Westminster , 149 and in 1624 Sir Francis Stonor of

Recusants in the Time of Elizabeth I, with Special Reference to Winchester" in Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society, 21, pp 61-81; also Dr Paul's thesis "The Hampshire Recusants in the Reign ofElizabeth I" (Ph.D. , Universityof Southampton , 1958)

145 Sir J. Harington, Nugae Antiquae, I (1769) p 78 (letter from Lord Harington of Exton to Sir John Harington , 6 Jan. 1606); C.S.P.D., 1603-10, p. 199; S.R. Gardiner , History of England, 1603-42 , I (1883) p. 244 and What Gunpowder Plot Was (1897) p 66; P. Sidney , A History of the GunpowderPlot (1904) pp 69, note, 211; H. Ross Williamson , The GunpowderPlot (1951) p 142; P.R. James, The Baths of Bath, pp 100-1; etc. For Popish defiance atWells in 1605 , see H.M.C. , Cal Salisbury MSS ., XVII, pp. 396-7 .

146 Thomas Bramston , a leading anti-Appellant; cf. Anstruther, pp 47-9 ; J. McCann & C. Cary-Elwes, Ampleforth and its Origins (1952) pp 77, 279; P. Caraman, William Weston (1955) p. 187, note 1 , and indexes to various works on the feuds among the Catholic clergy in Elizabeth'sand James I's reigns, e.g. P. Renold (ed.) The Wisbech Stirs (C.R.S., 51); T.G. Law, The Archpriest Controversy (Camden Society, New Series, 56 & 58); Law, A Historical Sketch of the Conflicts between Jesuits and Seculars in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth (1889)

147 C.S.P.D., 1611-8, pp 479, 495, 499 ; also p 61 (case of Mabella, or Mabel, widow of Dr John Griffith, or Griffiths, 1617)

148 C.S.P.D. , 1623-5 , p 328 (16 Aug. 1624). For this priest see C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p 206 and works there cited; also Blundell, Old Catholic Lancashire, I, p 3; Gillow, sub Clare and Roger Anderton; Allison & Rogers,A Catalogue of Catholic Books in English printed abroad or secretly in England, 1558-1640 , pt 1 (in Biographical Studies, 3), pp 173-4; Foley, IV, pp 131-2; Anstruther, p. 75

149 A.P.C., Aug. 1616Dec. 1617, p 169; June 1618June 1619, p 473;

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Oxfordshire donated a sum ofmoney for embellishingthe King'sBath in gratitude for benefitsreceived fromits waters manyyears earlier150

The Catholics whose visits are discoverable through the Privy Council Registers are, of course, those who applied for permission to travel to Bath; other, more comprehensive licences might or might not include it (e.g. that issued to Giles Risdon ofParkham , Devon , to visit any places in Somerset, Devon or Cornwall for six months) and there were doubtless some who came without any official permit . 151 The visitors whose names are known include committed recusants whose absence from churchin Bath can hardly have escapednotice andwho it is difficult to imagine going withoutMass , but if Mass was celebrated its whereabouts was a well-kept secret

The Civil War and Interregnum thrust no BathCatholics to thefore; the only Catholic property seized in the city was that of a Berkshire cavailier 52 and although one of Dr John Sherwood's sons ,Philip , was a royalist officer there seems to be no evidence that he shared the Catholicism of some of his brothers and his sister.¹153 Nor is Catholicism to be looked-for among participants in the mainly presbyterian royalist rising projected for August 1659 (Sir George Booth's rising, he being the grandson ofthe Lady Booth mentionedon pages 28-9) when the rebels who assembled at Lansdown were soon dispersed and a few stragglers captured . 15154 If there was any Catholic

July 1619 June 1621, pp 93, 219-20 , 300. For these families see Aveling, Northern Catholics, "Catholic Recusants of the West Riding" in Proceedings of Leeds Philosophicaland Literary Society: Literary and HistoricalSection , 10, pt. 6 (Leeds, 1963) and C.R.S. Monograph 2 , passim

150 He had accompanied his mother, Lady Cecily Stonor, to Bath in 1582 (see supra , p 11) It is questionable whether he should be accounted aCatholic, but he does seem to have veered back towards Catholicism in the last years of a long and temporisinglife during which he held local office, served as a Member of Parliament and was knightedby Elizabeth In 1612, however, he was indicted as a non-communicantand ten years later his parsimonyearned him the "smear" of "recusant" (not, perhaps, to be taken literally).Valuablelight is shedupon him in two Essex Recusant articles by Dr Alan Davidson (in vol. 12, p. 94, and vol 14, p 90) See also J. Stonor, Stonor, p 270; C.R.S. 60, p 36, note 1 & passim.; J. Wood, Description of Bath (1765 edition) p 214 ; James, The Baths ofBath , p. 44

151 The early Stuart PrivyCouncilRegisters at the P.R.O., printed as Actsofthe Privy Council to 1631 and reproduced in facsimile for later dates, contain numerousreferences to passes authorisingrecusants to travel Risdon'soccursin A.P.C., Jan. 1618- July 1619, p 491. On Catholics ' freedomto travel, see also J. Parkes, Travel in England in the Seventeenth Century(1925) p. 38 .

152 Cal Committeefor Compounding , p 3302 (John Winchcombe of Henwick , Berks.). See also C.S.P.D., 1656-7, p 36 and, in general, D. Underdown , Somerset in the Civil War and Interregnum, passim

153 A.H. King & B.H. Watts, Cavaliers and Roundheads: a Chapter in theHistory of Bath (1887) p 15; also A.P.C., July 1621 - May 1623, pp 123, 195. APhilip Sherwood acted as a witness to the induction of a Bathrectorin 1634 (R.B.A. , p. 483) and Philip is given as theChristianname of one ofDrJohn Sherwood's sons in B.M., Harleian 110, 122 (MS pedigree)

154 C.S.P.D., 1659-60, pp 50, 68, 87; C.S.P.D., Addenda, 1660-85 , p 180; Cal

life in Bath during the Interregnum (1649-1660 ) its participantswould seem to have covered their tracks very effectively. ' 153 First the turmoil ofwar and then the sober rule of the puritansstruckat Bath as atourist centre , besides which propertied Catholics , being mostly Royalistsof varying shades by no means all of them wholeheartedlymilitant were limited in their movements and hit in their pockets . 156 In such circumstances the frequent resort of leading Catholics to Bathis hardly to beexpected.

However Cromwell died in 1658 and in 1660 the Restoration of Charles II ushered in a period of twelve years during which Catholics were little molested almost no recusancy fines, for example , appear to have been exacted during this time¹57and their freedomto travel without licences means that for much of the reign the names of Catholic visitors to Bath are not to be found in the Privy Council Registers . 158 Under Charles II the city received a new leaseoflife asa fashionablehealth-resort (though in 1663 whenthe King and the Court were therethe accommodationstill left muchto be desired¹59) and the easy-goingatmosphere of the 1660s is reflectedin the reminiscences of

Committee for Compounding , p 1406; V.C.H. Somerset, II, p 218; F.J. Routledge (ed ) Cal Clarendon State Papers, IV, pp 310, 323. For therisingsee G. Davies, The Restorationof Charles II (1955) chap 8; D. Underdown , Royalist Conspiracy in England, 1649-60 (New Haven, Conn , 1960) chap 12. Catholics werenotwelcome in this enterprise (ibid., p 275).

155 The Recusant Rolls for this period (P.R.O., E . 377/58-64) appear to be incomplete and include only one Somerset rotulet (1657) which contains no Bath names . In that year nationwide enquiries following an Act "for convicting, discovering and repressing of popish recusants"gave rise to many local lists of papists including some for Somerset (S.R.O., Q/SI 97/3, 6, 8, 14) but again nothing relating to the Bath area appears to survive On the Act and theensuing returns see Historical Collectionsfor Staffordshire , 4th series, II, pp 71-99; C.R.S., 34, pp xlvi, 115-51 (London); C.R.S. Monograph 1 , chap 6 (Wilts)

156 See P.H. Hardacre, The RoyalistsDuringthePuritanRevolution (TheHague, 1956) passim For Catholic loyalties , by no means monolithically royalist, see also D.H. Pennington and I. Roots, The Committeeat Stafford, 1643-5(Manchester , 1957) p. xvii; A.M. Everitt, The Community of Kent and the Great Rebellion, 1640-60 (Leicester, 1966) p 118; Roots, The Great Rebellion(1966) pp 63, 66; J.T. Cliffe, The YorkshireGentry (1969) pp 344-5, and K.J. Lindley, "ThePart played by the Catholics ": chap. 4 in Politics, Religion and the English Civil War (ed B. Manning , 1973) In Somerset one actively royalist member of a leading recusant family was Alexander Keynes (Underdown , Somerset in the Civil War and Interregnum , p 161)

157 See C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 16-7 (total of only £147 . 15s 7d) There are very few Somerset Recusant Roll entries for this period: P.R.O., E . 377/65-7; C.R.S., 6, p 298 (29 altogether none in Bath possibly including some "fanaticks" , i.e. protestantdissenters; cf. ibid , p.7)

158 Only during the Popish Plot period do licences seem to have been revived: P.R.O., Privy Council Registers, P.C.2/67-9; C.S.P.D., 1678; 1679-80 - mainly passes to traveloverseas .

159 F.J. Routledge (ed ) Cal Clarendon State Papers, V, p 331: reference bySir Henry Bennet (later Earl of Arlington) to the "illaccommodationat Bath" , Sept. 1663. See also the opinions of John Evelyn (27 June 1654) and Samuel Pepys (12-15 June 1668) in their respective diaries (various editions, underthose dates)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

a member of the Catholic Southcote family, Sir Edward, who recalls how , whenvisiting Bathshortly after the Restoration, he was greeted in the most friendlyfashionby Sir James Long, with whom he bathedin the Cross Bath and who recalled the experiences which he and Sir Edward's father had shared as cavaliers in the Civil War,160 while a contemporary member of a family close to the heart of civic affairsin Bath was prepared to argue that Catholics "although they may be no Friends to the Church, yet they may be to the State".161

Nevertheless those who absented themselves from Anglican services might still be in trouble with local officials and early in Charles II's reign groups of such absentees were reported by the churchwardens of Bath Abbey and of St James's parish at a visitation bythe Archdeacon of Bath, including a dozen papists or reputed papists, one ofthem the wife of Mr Simon Sloper who ran an imposinglodging-house overlooking the King's Bath . 162 Another local Catholic was Mrs Mary Paston who died in 1679163 while in the following year, and also in 1683, further Catholic residents were reported, thoughnot in anygreat number (see page 39) But Catholicism was evidently a live issue to protestant dissenters in the Bath area, according to a report dated 31 August 1667 of"crowds of fanatics about Bath, Frome etc. inspired by jealousy of popery" , 164 and although it may have been governmental leniency rather than any local resurgence which chiefly agitated them , the latter was alleged by the busy pamphleteer William Prynne (now Recorderof Bath and its Member in the Cavalier Parliament ) who had long been haunted by the spectre ofCatholicconspiracyandwho called attention to a "great and scandalous meeting" ofPapists in Bath . 165A

and the Somerset J.P.s.' comment in 1683, cited by B. Little, Bath Portrait (Bristol, 1961) p 31. For the even less salubrious conditionsin the 1640s , see Wood, Descriptionof Bath, pp 216-7.

160 J.Morris, Troubles ofOur CatholicForefathers , 1st series(1872) p 398. For the Southcotefamily, see Essex Recusant , 3 (Brentwood , 1961) pp 105-15; 14 (1972) pp 1-38

161 Thermae Redivivae (1673) p 9. The author, Captain HenryChapman, was twice mayorof Bath For this family see Wood, passim (index in 1969 facsimilereprint); R. Young , Mrs Chapman's Portrait (Bath, 1926); R.E. Peach , Brief History of the Hospital of St John Baptist, Bath (Bath, 1886) p 35; also R.B.A. , passim. A list of mayors, 1412-1892, is printed in J. Murch, Bath Celebrities and Fragments ofLocalHistory (1893) pp 41-3 See also infra , pp 185 , 186, 190-1 .

162 S.R.O., Series A , no 335a (c 1662). Those presented were BerkelyCarne; Elizabeth , his wife; Ann Long (Bath Abbey) and, in St James's parish, John Hockley and his wife; Ann and Elizabeth Rawlee; Margaret, wife of Henry Combes; Mrs Frances Nevill and Philippa Dolton, her servant; Mrs Winifred Sloper and Mrs KatherineKemish, whomay havebeen related; Mrs Sloper's maiden name was Kemish (R.B.A. , p. 224) For her husband's lodging-house , see James , The Baths of Bath, pp. 58-9.

163 at Horton, Glos., described as "late of Bath" (Davey, p 47).

164 C.S.P.D., 1667, p 428 ; also pp 454-5for dissent in theBatharea

165 P.R.O., S.P.29/221, no 57; King & Watts, op cit , pp 51-2 . For Prynne's "popish conspiracy" obsession see W.M. Lamont, Marginal Prynne (1963) and, for more general apprehension about Catholicism in the late 16th and early 17th

INTRODUCTION

local correspondent , however , made light ofthis gathering and declared that it amounted to "not above a dozen simple women and three or four inconsiderable men, who were at their beads" . There is no indication as to where this recitation of the rosary occurred , thoughit implies a meeting-place, if not a chapel, some years before a Catholic place of worship has been traced in Bath. The correspondent adds that Prynne'sindignation is too selective and that while he whipsupfeeling against a few harmless papists, he pays no heed to "the mostdangerous fanatics" who "meet by the thousands in a most dangerous manner ... but Mr. P. cannot hear on that ear"a reference to his croppedears , forfeited in 1637 for libelling Laud"and has such accurate skill in the law that he can find high treason in a bulrush and innocence in a Scorpion . "166

As under Elizabeth and the first two Stuarts , Bath continued to attract Catholic visitors, among them Lord Cliffordwho was reported in August 1672 to have "had verygood effectsby bathingand drinking the waters" , 167 and an elderly Jesuit , Father Richard Thimelby (or Ashby), who came for his health's sake in the summer of 1678 ,just as the "Popish Plot" was gatheringmomentum, and who lodged with a former mayor of Bath, Robert Chapmanan apothecarywho had a number of patients sent to him by Sir George Wakeman, the Queen's physician, and who was later to attendJames II's Queen, Mary Beatrice ofModena . 168

The supposed plot against the life of Charles II broughtto a climax the more actively anti-Catholic trend which had been developing since 1673, when the King had had to turn his backon toleration and assent to the oppressive Test Act, banning all but Anglican communicants from occupying official positions.169 Some of the passions aroused in Bath by the Popish Plot and the associated Exclusion crisis are reflected in a number of documents in the Public Record Office From these it appears that one of the aldermen of the city, Walter Hickes , was supposed apparently when the worse for drink to have uttered "dangerous words concerningthe Duke ofYork" in a coffee-house in -

centuries, two very interesting articles : C.Z. Wiener, "The Beleaguered Isle: a Study of Elizabethan and Early Jacobean Anti-Catholicism" , and R. Clifton, "The Popular Fear of Catholics During the English Revolution" in Past and Present , nos 51 & 52 respectively ; also C. Hill, Antichrist in Seventeenth-CenturyEngland (1971) passim., J. Kenyon, The Popish Plot (1972) chap 1; C. Russell (ed.) Origins of the English Civil War (1973) chap. 5.

166 P.R.O., loc cit.; King & Watts, loc cit

167 C.S.P.D., 1672, pp 347, 457, 469 , 479 , 684

168 H.M.C. , 11th Report, Appendix, Part 2, p 66; Foley, VII, pp 768-9; J. Lane, Titus Oates (1949) pp 203, 206-7; M. Hopkirk, The Queen Over the Water (1953) pp 113-4; M. Haile, Queen Mary of Modena (1905) pp 166-8; Kenyon, op cit , pp 169, 171-2; C. Oman, Mary ofModena (1962), p 103; C.R.S., 47, p 305 (mistakenlyindexed in vol 48 as "Ashby, Mayorof Bath").

169 25 Car II, cap 2; see also Kenyon, The Stuart Constitution (1966) pp 461-2 , also p 450

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

the summer of 1678.These remarks were reported, on the advice ofthe Bishop of Bath and Wells (the militantly loyal Peter Mews), by ene John Allambridge but Hickes had evidently gone into hiding, for the bishop branded a "Yorkist" for his part in the affairwrote on 3 April 1680, "The bill against Hickes of Bath is likewisefound, but heis not ' "170 In February 1679 the City Council deprived Hickes of his Aldermanship but he did not remain long in disgrace and is soon to found holding various local offices, including that of mayorsurprisingly, in 1683 whenthe royalist reactionwas at its height . 171

Meanwhile in 1680 the divisions among the citizens of Bath were exemplified in, on the one hand , a loyal address to the King (in itself enough,judging by accusations against the aldermen of London, to earn the label of"papist")172 and, on the other, an enthusiasticwelcome , "with 200 citizens on horseback, the bells ringingetc." for the Duke of Monmouthwhenhe came to Bath in Augustat the outsetof his western progress "173 Earlier that year the Corporation had been criticised for "permitting a suspected Popish Priste here without tendering the oathes"1 and in 1681 it was alleged at Bath Assizes "that the Conventicles and Separate meetings of the severall sorts of Dissenters from the Church of England are places where Popish Preists and Jesuits doe shelter themselves; and that is is impossible to extirpatePopery or to free the Kingdom from Popish Preists and Jesuits so long as the Conventicles are countenanced and the laws against Popery not vigorously putt in execution; for there is scarce a Conventiclebut there will be a Jesuit. "175 While this seems to imply a distinct Catholic influence at work in the area, with priests perhaps masquerading as dissenting ministersin the hope of obtaining more tolerant treatment, the suggestion may itself have been made with a view to ensuring that pressure on Catholicsshould not mean ease for dissenters

74

Theincreasinglyanti-Catholicspiritwhich markedthesecond halfof Charles II's reign found vent in greater efforts, partially successful , to ensure that popish recusants were convicted and fined' and the seizure was ordered of two-thirds of the real estates of thirty-seven

170

76 For this episode see C.S.P.D., 1679-80, pp 394, 402-3 , 408, 416-7, 429

171 Bath City Archives : Council Book no 2 (entries for 25 Feb. 1679 et seq.); R. Warner, History of Bath (1801) pp 212-3 .

172 C.S.P.D., 1679-80, p 475 (14 May 1680).

173 ibid., p. 597 (10 Aug. 1680); see also B. Little, The Monmouth Episode (1958) pp 47-8

174 P.R.O., S.P.29/413 , no. 57 (5 April 1680)

175 P.R.O., S.P.29/416, no 90: presentment by Grand Jury of Somerset, Bath Assizes, 9 Aug. 1681. See C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p 26, note 179, for references to similar allegations ; alsoClifton, art cit , p 33; W. Ward, The Life and Times of Cardinal Wiseman (1897) I, p. 182; Russell (ed ) op. cit. , p 161

176 See C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 22-37. For the three years ending at Michaelmas 1683 the Somerset sheriffsowed the Exchequer a total of £47 4s in respect of recusancy penalties collected by them (P.R.O., E . 351/452 ).

recusants convicted at Ilchester and Wells Sessions¹177 but there are no Bath names among those to be thus penalised, though eight Bath papists were sufficiently prominent for inclusion in the nationwide collection of reports associated with the abortivePapists (Removaland Disarming) Bill of 1680178 and nine were presented three years later by the Grand Jury in Bath . 179 Both lists begin with the name of Berkeley Carne (as does the earlier churchwardens ' presentment mentionedon page 36), from which it may perhaps beinferred thathe was the leading Catholic layman in the Bath of Charles II. His isthe only name common to the 1680 and 1683 lists, which betweenthem yield sixteen different names Clearly Bath's Catholic population remained small , though it might be reinforced by influential visitors; indeed it appears that under the later Stuarts Catholics continuedtobe few in the diocese of Bath and Wells as a whole, if reports of 176 adult papists in 1676180 and of 215 (possiblyincluding children) thirty-odd yearslater181 can be trusted

177 M.C.B. Dawes (ed ), Quarter Sessions Records for the County of Somerset , 1666-76(S.R.S., 34) pp 181-2

178 House of Lords Record Office: MS 321, c 29 (Somerset list) p 2, "Bath Citty" . Those listed are Berkeley Kerne, Thomas Gibbs, Thomas Griffin (see also next footnote), Mrs Cottington, Theodore Sadler, John Shepherd of Lansdon (i.e. Lansdown , Bath), Thomas Wickham , Anthoney Carew (spellings as in original MS .) For these lists and for the Bill, see H.M.C. ,11th Report, Appendix,Part2, pp 222-37 .

179 P.R.O. , S.P.29/434, no

48: Bath Grand Jury presentment , 7 Nov. 1683: "Imp'is Wee present Barkley Carne of this City, gent and Elizabethhiswife; Francis Carne of the same, gent.; Mary the wife of Richard Guest of the same , cook; John Kircombe of the same, taylor; Hester, thewife of HenryCookofthe same , joyner; Lucina Griffith of the same, widow; the wife ofThomas Griffithof the same, musician; Elizabeth the wife of Thomas Waters of the same , clothworker, for beingor reputed to be Popish Recusants .... " See previous notefor Thomas Griffith (? Griffin) and note 190 re Mary Guest (née Carne)

180 A. Browning(ed .), English Historical Documents , 1660-1714 (1953) p. 413 (and distribution-map, p 415) Only the diocesan total appears to havesurvived , not individual parochial figures as in some other dioceses A detailed studyofthis "Compton Census" is being prepared by Dr Anne Whiteman ; meanwhile , see her illuminating essay, "The Census that Never Was" , in Statesman , Scholars and Merchants (ed. Whiteman , Bromley& Dickson , 1973) pp 1-16

181 B.M. Egerton 921 , no 88: "Returns made by the Clergy of the Numberof Roman Catholicks in England, Anno 1708" Again, no parochial totalshave been found. Other early eighteenth-century returns ofpapists (by Deputy-Lieutenants , 1704-5, and by the Bishops, 1706) in the Record Office of the House ofLords omit, respectively , the county of Somerset and the diocese of Bathand Wells . See also H.M.C. , Report on MSS . ofthe House ofLords, VI, pp 417-23 If J.P.salso made returnsin 1705-6, as suggested in the Journalofthe House of Lords, 18 , p. 138, these seem not to have survived and a further set of reports (the Notitia Parochialis, 1705: Lambeth Palace MSS 960-4), although yielding information about various Somerset parishes, is not concerned with papists; see R.W. Dunning, "Some Somerset Parishes in 1705" in Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society Proceedings, 112, pp 71-92. A document which does shed additional light on Catholicism at this time is the long "Persons of Quality" list cited in note 183 below

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

To return to the 1680 list, two noteworthy names are those ofa "Mrs Cottington" , of the Fonthill Gifford (Wilts ) recusant family,and a gentleman named Anthony Carew who owned property at Shockerwick on the outskirts of Bath. The former was probably Dorothy Cottington, niece of Lord Cottington and aunt ofCharles Cottington of Fonthill, who died in 1690 and was buried in Bath Abbey; eight years later funeral expenses were still owng and her nephew's will made provision for these and for the setting-up of a tombstone.182Anthony Carew is in all probability the "Mr Caru" of Somerset who occurs among a group of Catholicgentryworthfrom£400 to £1,000 a yearin a list of"Persons of Quality" and their chaplains drawn up between September 1704 and May 1706;183 he was a scion of a resolutely recusant family in Essex, to which county his widow retired, his son and namesake inheriting the Shockerwick property . 184 A daughter, like an earlier relative, became a nun in an English convent on the continent 185

The recurrent name of BerkeleyCarne is probably that ofa convert , born in Bath in 1629 and educated at Merchant Taylors School , 186 who married Elizabeth, daughter of George and Margaret Speke of HazelburyManor and Cheney Court, near Box (Wilts .) a few miles from Bath a family approaching the end of its Catholic days . 187 The records of BathAbbey containmany references to the Carnes; Berkeley Carne occursamong the donors of books to the Abbey library18 and the baptismal and burial registers reflect the births of their children, .188

182 R. Rawlinson , The History and Antiquities of the Cathedral-Church of Salisbury and ofthe Abbey-Church of Bath (1719) p 251 (memorialinscription); R.B.A., p. 390 (burial-entry, printed as "Carrington"); F. Brown, Abstractsof Somersetshire Wills, 4th series (1889) p 126; M.J. Havran, Caroline Courtier: The Life of Lord Cottington (1973) pp 176-7; 213, note 3; 217 (genealogical table) See also the genealogical table in Sir R.C. Hoare, History of Modern Wilts , Hundred of Dunworth (1829) p. 21; C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 175-6; Davey, p. 15. 183 184

A.A.W. , SeriesA, 38, no. 2 (printed in R.H. , 12, pp. 42-8).

S.R.O., Enrolmentsof Papists' Estates, 1717-88 (estate of Anthony Carew, 15 July 1719) and Essex Record Office, Chelmsford : Q/RRd , Papist Estates, Roll 2; also E. & P., p 58. I am grateful to Monsignor D. Shanahan and Mr E.S. Worrall for Essex information The marriage of the elder Anthony Carew to "Miss Mary Mayne ofLinton in Kent" in December 1655 is recorded in R.B.A. , p 218.

185

186 Foley, III, pp 410-11 ; V, pp 789, note 12, 797, note 28 . C.J. Robinson (ed ) Register ofMerchantTaylorsSchool, I (1882) p 171: admission of BerkeleyCarne, born at Bathin July 1629 , son of Francis Carne, gent Similar information is given in E.P. Hart (ed ) Merchant Taylors School Register, 1561-1934 (1936) I (not paginated but arranged more or less alphabetically) and there is a baptismal entry in R.B.A. , p. 28. He died in April 1695 (ibid., p. 393; Rawlinson , op cit, p 235 ; Davey, p 13)

187 G.J. Kidston, History of the ManorofHazelbury(1936) p. 191ff . There is a sectionon Mrs ElizabethCarne in R. Pierce (or Peirce), History and Memoirsof the Bath (1713 edition) pp 370-1

188 R.E. Peach, The Bath Abbey Library (reprinted from The Bath Chronicle , 1879) p 14. I am gratefulto Mr R. Bryantfor this reference

189

A family deaths and the deaths ofsojourners at their lodging-house "" son, Francis , and daughter , Mary, were born in 1655 and 1658 respectively and from the former's will we know that his sister was theMary Guest presented as a popish recusant in 1683.190 The will is of some interest in that it establishes Francis Carne as the proprietor ofthe Bath theatre:" ... my garden, playhouse and other buildings ...(now letby me by several leases made by me to John Power ...)" The latter was the actor who ,with his companyof players, also performedin and near Bristol, arousing nonconformist fury and being presented bythe Grand Jury in 1706 "for acting of Plays within the Libreties of this City, without your Worships' Leave and Consent"; he was doubtless the husband of the "Widow Poore" who later entrusted the Bathplayhouse (a small, cramped building opened in 1705 and decorated with the coats-of-arms of some of those who had contributed to it) to the management ofa comedian named Hornby . 191 The Carnes,likemany other citizens of Bath, were lodging-house keepers; the enrolment of their property in 1717 refers to part of it as having been kept by Francis and "by my ancestors time out of mined under the name ofa lodging-house"192 and this is also reflected in a number ofentriesin the Abbey burial register relating to persons "from Mr Carne's" or "from Mrs Carne's" between 1686 and 1741.193 Franciswas evidently a man of parts: lodging-house keeper, playhouse-owner and also for a short time Master of King Edward's Grammar Schoolan office

189 R.B.A., passim. A Dame Joseph Carne (apparentlyearly 18th century) is mentioned in A History of the Benedictine Nuns of Dunkirk edited by the Community of St Scholastica's Abbey, Teignmouth , Devon, (1958) p.98.

190 See supra., note 179. The will is in the P.R.O. (Prob 11/581/177) and is printed infra., pp 100-101 For the Carne-Guest marriage see A.J. Jewers (ed.) Marriage Allegation Bonds ofthe Bishops ofBathand Wells(Exeter, 1909) p 174 Francis Carne died in 1721 (R.B.A. , p. 413).

191 Bath Reference Library: Maps and Plans of the City of Bath (e.g. Stukeley's map, 1723, showing the theatre at the N.E. corner of Vicarage Lanecalled Parsonage Lane in the will cited in the preceding note); J. Wood, Descriptionof Bath (1765 edition) pp 444-5 ; B.S. Penley, The Bath Stage (1892) p 18; A. Barbeau, Life and Letters at Bath in the 18th Century (1904) pp 63-4; G.T. Watts, Theatrical Bristol (Bristol, 1915) chap 2. In 1737, following the Actfor the Suppression ofPlayhouses, the theatre and adjoiningbuildings werepurchased fromMrs Carne by the trustees of the projected BathGeneral Hospital(Wood ,op. cit , p 288)

192 S.R.O., Enrolments of Papists' Estates, 1717-88 (estate of Francis Carne , printed infra . , pp 99-100), also E. & P., pp 227, 285 (Wilts estate atStrattonSt Margaret, subsequently left to "my unfortunate son Edward Carne" in Francis's will, printedinfra , pp 100-101)

193 R.B.A., pp 388-430, passim.; also The Genealogist, New Series, 9, p 37 & Index sub "Carn" Mrs Anne Carne, Francis's widow, died in 1750 (R.B.A., p 438and will printedinfra , pp 100-101 : noteadded, grantingfurther admon toher sister ElizabethKibbell). She was evidently Francis Carne's second or thirdwife; an inscription in Bath Abbeyto Mary, wife of Francis Carne, whodiedon 24 May 1696, is printed in Rawlinson , loc cit and Davey, loc cit See also R.B.A., p. 394 for her burial and p. 401 for that ofanother "Mary, wife of Mr. Francis Carn" (2 Jan. 1706-7)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

conferred upon him by James II when the latter visited the city with Queen Mary Beatrice in 1687, and taken away eighteen months or so later when William Baker, whom he had displaced, was restoredafter the Revolution. " 194

In James's reign Catholicism not onlycame out into the openbutin Bath, as elsewhere, the King flouted protestant opinion by employing Anglican premises for Catholic purposes; the Abbey was used for the ceremonyof touching for the King's Evil and FatherJohn Huddleston , O.S.B. (who had earlier received Charles II into the CatholicChurchon his deathbed after that monarch had refused the ministrations of Bishop Ken of Bath and Wells) took the occasion to deliver a proselytising address to those present . Bishop Ken had not been notified of these proceedings ; when he did learn of them he remained aloof and thereseems to be no basis for the tradition,given currencyin Warner's History of Bath, that, having heard Huddleston speak in the Abbey, Ken at once repliedto him extempore . " Another incident, in which the Bishop's Ascension Day sermon of 1687 was "attackedby an Irish Jesuit"f96one has almost the impression of a series of two-pulpit dialogues reduces in cold reality to the fact that an Irish Jesuit, who was among Ken's congregation bothonAscension Dayand on the following Friday, later published a tract, dedicated to the King, dealing with various points in the two sermons " Another priest in Bath at this time was the eminent Franciscan Father Nicholas Cross 195 197

194 Bath City Archives : Council Book no 3 (entry for 23 August 1687); K.E. Symons , The Grammar SchoolofKingEdwardVI, Bath (Bath, 1934) p 208.For Mary of Modena's visit see M. Hopkirk, The Queen Over the Water (1953) pp 112-4; C. Oman, Mary ofModena (1962), pp 101-5 .

195 R. Warner, History of Bath (1801) p 257; H.A.L. Rice, Thomas Ken , Bishop and Nonjuror (1958) p 110; F.A. Clarke, Thomas Ken (1896) p 87. Allanson, "Biography" (at Downside ) I, p 261 is a little misleading in statingthat under James II Fr. Huddleston"conducted himself with his usual prudence, without taking any part in Catholic affairs" . See also D.N.B. and "John Huddleston O.S.B." by A. Kennyin Biographical Studies (nowR.H.) 1 , pp 168-88

196 Thus V.C.H. Somerset, II, p 57.

197 "F.J.R., C.J. , " Animadversions by way of an Answerto a Sermon preached by Dr. Thomas Kenne (1687), attributed by Wing to Father John Reed (ShortTitle Catalogue, I, p 59; III, p. 122), probably following E. Green, Bibliotheca Somersetensis (Taunton, 1902) I, p 294, and similarly attributed by L. Rostenberg, Literary, Political, Scientific, Religious and Legal Publishing ,Printing and Booksellingin England, 1551-1700 (New York, 1965) II, pp 320-1 , citing no authority, though she mentions (p. 321, note 8) the catalogue ofbooks published * by Nathaniel Thompson in his 1687 edition of Henry VIII's AssertioSeptem Sacramentorum ; this lists Animadversions ... but does not name theauthor. The latter ends his dedication (to James II) by describing himself as a "Loyal Irish Subject" and, if"C.J." stands for Company ofJesus, maybe the prominentIrish Jesuit James Relly, for whom see Foley, VII, p 55 in Irish "Catalogue" There seems to have been no Jesuit named John Reed at that time, thougha Franciscan (?) John Read occurs in W.P. Burke, Irish Priests in the Penal Times, 1660-1760 (Waterford, 1914) p 35, and a "Benedictine " of the same name in J.L. Anderdon, Life of Thomas Ken (1854 edn ) I, pp 367-70, citing Antony Wood, but there is no such Benedictine in Birt. See also other lives ofKen, e.g. byE.H.

(formerly chaplain to James II's first wife, Anne Hyde, Duchess of York) who was taken ill at Bath in September 1687 and who excused his absence from the Intermediate Chapter in London with a medical certificate from the Queen's physicianDr William Waldegraveapapist and a connection of the Waldegraves of Borley, Essex , and Chewton , Somerset.198 The royal visit, followed as it was nine months later by the birth of Prince James Edward, enhanced the reputation ofthe Bath watersand drew fromthe ambitiousand ingratiating Earl ofMelfort (an extremist convert , seeking to eclipse the Earl of Sunderland in royal favour) a numberofpopish embellishments to the Cross Bath 199

200

James II's reign brought relief to dissenters as well as to Catholics and amongthe fulsome addresses of gratitude received by the King in 1687 were two from Bathand one from the Presbyterian congregations of east Somerset, including Bath The Corporation undertook to see that their Members of Parliament were co-operative (however , no further Parliament met in James II's reign) and the Presbyterians acknowledged the resultant benefit to trade and industry.2 Further addresses from Bath rejoiced at the birth of the Prince in June 1688,201but all these expressions ofdevotion to Jameswere followed soon after his fall by a reaction with (not surprisingly) anti-Catholic overtones . Bath appears to have been spared the "no-popery" violence which gave rise elsewhere to considerable destruction of property, but before the year was out the Corporation resolved that "the Crowne of Thornes on the cross in the Cross Bath and the Cross thereon and all the superstitiousthings belonging thereunto shall be taken down and the Letters thereon inscribed shall be obliterated" (though this was not fully carried-out)202 and the celebrations in Bath on theCoronation

Plumptre, W.L. Bowles, F.A. Clarke and H.A.L. Rice, and Cassan , Bishops of Bath and Wells, none of which, however, sheds further light on this problem. For several ofthe above references I am mostgrateful to Professor T.A. Birrell.

198 Franciscan Archives , Forest Gate Friary, London, E.7 : Register I, A-B, p 139 (Intermediate Chapter, London, 14 Sept. 1687): "Lecta et acceptata est excusatio absentiae ... attestata a Clar'moD. GulielmoWaldgrave, Medico Regio, data ex aquis Bathniensibus d 9 Sept. 1687" (kindly communicated by Father Justin McLoughlin, O.F.M. ). See also Oliver , p 549 ; Thaddeus, The Franciscansin England (1898) passim.; C.R.S. , 24, pp. 281-2

200

199 J. Wood, Description of Bath (1765 edition) pp 259-62 ; Duke of Manchester, Court ofSocietyfrom Elizabethto Anne (1864) II, p 132;W. Ison, The Georgian Buildings of Bath (1948) p 57; E. Green, The March ofWilliam of Orange through Somerset (1892) p 74, etc. For Melfort see also D.N.B., "G.E.C." , Complete Peerage, VIII, pp 642-3 ; J.P. Kenyon, RobertSpencer, Earl of Sunderland (1958) passim.; Hopkirk, op cit., passim; Oman, op. cit, passim. Green, op cit , pp 9-21, 22-3, 31 , 47. See also Sir G. Duckett, Penal Laws and Test Act, II (1883) pp 16, 229, 243 for reportson the reliability ofBathin the event ofan election.

201 202 Green, op cit , pp 70-2 BathCity Archives : CouncilBookno 3 (13 Dec. 1688);Ison, loc cit.; R.E.M. Peach, Bath Old and New (1887) pp. 50-1 (cross finallyremoved in 1783). See also W. Addison, English Spas (1951) p 61; Hopkirk, op. cit., p. 118. For "no-popery" disturbances at the end of 1688, see B. Magee, "The Protestant

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Day of William and Mary in 1689 included a song incorporating the ingenious rhyme: "In praise of him who camewith Heaven's highhand

To drive Rome'spriests (those vipers) fromour land, Those locusts who to Lucifer bespoke us , 203

Whose mock religion is a hocus pocus".2

The Revolution of 1688-9 produced some hardships for Catholics , the most far-reaching of which, as far as the western counties were concerned , was perhaps the interval of a quarter of a century during which the area, unlike other parts of England , had no resident Catholic bishop. Four bishops (Vicars -Apostolic in charge ofextensive Districts) had been appointed under James II and the Vicar-Apostolic of the Western District , Bishop Ellis, had been imprisoned, like his three colleagues, at the end of 1688 but, unlike them, had subsequentlyfled the country, leaving Bishop Bonaventure Giffard of the Midland District to care for his vacant Vicariate 204 Ofmoreimmediateimpact were the limitations placed on the movements of recusants; they could be deprived of their best horses and had again to apply for licences to travel which might be refused, as was an application by Bishop Giffardin 1690.205Nine years later, however, and again in 1711 , the bishop visited the Western Districtas Bishop Ellis may have donein 1688 and from 1715 the District had a Vicar-Apostolic ofits own whose coadjutor and successors made Bath their headquarters .206 The "Glorious Revolution" was not universally welcomed in Bath, which was notorious for Jacobitism for many years, evoking in 1692 the disgusted comment, "As to Bath, no better could be expected from that rendezvous of sharpers and prodigals" , " and duringthatdecade some of its citizens were reported for drinking James II's health anda military reverse suffered by his successorwas hailed withjubilation.²

207

208

Wind" in The Month, July-Aug 1941, pp 334-43; W.L. Sachse , "The Mob and the Revolution of 1688" in The Journalof British Studies, 4 (Hartford, Conn , 1964) pp. 23-40*; M. Beloff, Public Orderand PopularDisturbances , 1660-1714 (1938) pp 40-4; R.A. Beddard, "The Catholic Fear" in the expanded version of Sir Winston Churchill's History of the English-Speaking Peoples (ed. Sir M. Wheeler, H. Trevor-Roper & A.J.P. Taylor, 1969-71) pp 1866-70, and Dr J. Miller's forthcoming article on the militia under James II in The Historical Journal *See also G.M. Straka (ed ) The Revolutionof1688 (2ndedition, 1973) pp 26-41 .

203 Green, op cit p 74

204 C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 123-9; also pp 43-56 for Catholics ' disabilities

205 F.J. Routledge (ed.) Cal. Clarendon State Papers, V, p 690. Licences to travel or to keep horses worth more than five pounds are recorded in the Privy Council Registers ofWilliam and Mary and of Anne(P.R.O., P.C.2/73-84).Similar restrictions applied during the Jacobiteemergencies of 1715, 1722 and 1744-5 (see C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 58-64).

206 C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 122, 128-31 and infra. , pp 55, 59, 69-71 , 75 , 78 , 84, 90

207

208 Hopkirk, op. cit. , p 213

B.H. Cunnington , Records of the County of Wilts being Extractsfrom the

209

INTRODUCTION

The involvementof the city fathersin the lodging-house business atthis time in graphically illustrated in Gilmore's plan of Bath in the 1690s , where many of the "Lodgings" are shown to belong to members ofthe corporation,20 some ofwhom doubtless failed to regard the moneyof Catholics and Stuart sympathisers as tainted, and in 1715 the "mixed company" in Bath was a reason for muting expressions of devotionto the House of Hanover .210 The Abbey bellringerswere more disposed to welcomethe leading westernJacobite, Sir William Wyndham , than to celebrate the anniversary of George I's accession and at the time ofthe 'Fifteen the nearby villages of Norton St Philip and Woolverton acknowedged the Pretender's birthday with the ringing ofchurch-bells and the public drinking of toasts. In Bath itself the magistrates were sharply admonished by Stanhope for their lack of vigilance; a "concourse of Papists, Nonjurors and other DisaffectedPersons" had gathered in the city, nonconformist chapels had been attacked and General Wade found that a rebel arsenal and two hundred horses were in readiness . The arms and horses were seized and arrests were made , but members of the city council were reported to have pleaded for mercyforthree papist"Rogues" who had been apprehended .

As a consequence of the 1715 Rising Catholics were obliged to register particulars of their estates at Quarter Sessions so that their wealth could be more accurately assessed for fining and forfeiture . 211

Two Bath papists, Francis Carne and Susanna Kennion, occur in the 1717 registration as owning property in Wiltshire: Carne at Stratton St Margaret and Mrs Kennion at Preshute212 the latter a widow whose husband may perhaps have been the "Thomas Kennion from Mr. Hussey's" who died at Bath in 1702.213 Francis Carne's Bathpremises were quite extensive : a large dwelling-house (formerly threetenements)

QuarterSessions Great Rolls of the Seventeenth Century (Devizes, 1932) p. 276; C.S.P.D., 1693, pp. 251, 272; Hopkirk,loc cit

209 Bath Reference Library: Maps and Plans of the City of Bath: Gilmore's survey, 1692-4 .

210 For the events of 1715 mentioned in this paragraph, see B. Boyce, The Benevolent Man: A Life of Ralph Allen of Bath (Cambridge, Mass, 1967) pp 18-19& note 18; B. Little, Bath Portrait (Bristol, 1961) pp 39-41; Sir C. Petrie , The JacobiteMovement(3rd edition, 1959) pp 224-6 ; Hopkirk, op cit , pp.271, 273-4 .

211 e.g. pp 98-100 These enrolments were ordered in 1715 by 1 Geo I, st 2, cap. 25 (mistakenlyprinted "Geo II" and dated "1714" in C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p. 57 & note 411). The Act and abstracts of the initialenrolmentsare printed in E.&P. and many northernenrolments are given in extenso in North RidingRecord Society, 7 & 8, in Surtees Society , 175 & 178 and in Lancs & Cheshire Record Society, 98 & 108. See also P.R.O. Handbookno 12, The Records of theForfeited Estates Commission (H.M.S.O. , 1968); R.C. Jarvis, Collected Papers on the JacobiteRisings, II (Manchester, 1972) pp 304-5

212 Wilts County Record Office, Trowbridge: Enrolments of Papists' Estates , 1717-88 ; E. & P. , p 285

213 R.B.A. , p 398; R. Rawlinson , History and Antiquities of the CathedralChurch of Salisbury and of the Abbey-Church of Bath (1719) p 235. "Mr

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

incorporating a shop, another shop let to Edward Newman , other tenementsand gardens, as well as the most substantial property,valued at £56 out of the total of £ 102. 1s 6d , occupied by John Powerand doubtless including the theatre.214 Forhalf a century the Carnes had been developing their properties in Stall Street , strategically situated close to the principal bath (their lodging-house is referred -to as "Mr. Carne's by the King's Bath") and successive leases mention extensions "over the bath cabin" and "two little rooms with a balcony" as wellas reflecting the family's increasing holdings in that part of the city.2 The 1717 registrationsof papists' estates also included those ofJoyce Sheppard of Weston, Bath, and John Stibbs of Twerton. The rural character of these two places is reflected in the descriptionsof the properties: orchards, gardens, stables and arable land, some of it in Twerton common field . 216 John Stibbs , a friend and trustee ofFrancis Carne, appears to have been the convert son and namesake ofa former mayor ofBath . 217 215

Another papistregisteringan estate in 1717 was Mary Evans ofWells whose mother's memorial inscription in Bath Abbey is one of the earliest to incorporate the letters "R.I.P." , indicating that she was a Catholic . 218 She (Mrs Anne Evans) had died in 1706and herdaughter, a lifelong Catholic, died unmarried some forty years later , whereupon her property was claimed by a protestant relative on the ground that her heir-at-law was disqualified by his religion from inheriting . 219

Hussey's" was the Benedictines' house (the Bell-tree House), for which see infra. , pp 47-63, 66-7 , 70

214 P.R.O., F.E.C. 1 , P . 98/1 , ff.7 & 8; S.R.O., Enrolmentsof Papists' Estates, 1717-88 (printedinfra , pp 99-100); Bath City Archives : CouncilBookno 3 (entries dated 26 March 1716 re three Carne properties ); also R.E. Peach, A BriefHistory of the Hospital of St John Baptist, Bath (Bath, 1886): schedule of rentals, 1711 (unpaginated ) Edward Newman was one of the witnesses to Francis Carne's will in January 1720 (P.R.O., Prob 11/581/177; infra , pp. 100-101).

215 BathCity Archives : MS "Repertory of Deeds etc., 1581-1776 " , nos 258 , 316, 318, 380, 983, 1275-8; R.B.A., p.408. For propertiesadjoiningtheKing's Bath see also Wood, op cit , p 214 and the frequently reproduced drawingby T. Johnson dated 1672 (in the works by Smith, Jamesand Gadd mentionedin note 1 to this Introduction)

216 P.R.O., F.E.C. 1, P . 98/1 , ff.7 & 8; S.R.O., Enrolments of Papists' Estates , 1717-88 ; also E. & P. , p 227 .

217 See infra , p 00 (Francis Carne's will); Warner, History of Bath, p 213; R.B.A. , pp 57, 402, 404 (birth of John Stibbs , 1677; deaths of his father and himself, 1709, 1732)

218 P.R.O., F.E.C. 1 , P . 98/1 , ff.22-4; S.R.O., Enrolmentsof Papists' Estates; E. & P., p 229; Davey, pp 9, 16. For earlier Wells recusants named Evans, see V.C.H., Somerset, II, p. 41.

219 P.R.O., E . 182/841 (assessmentof Mary Evans at £34 3s . 9%d . towardsthe £ 100,000 levy imposed on Catholics in 1722-3 ; see above, p 47); S.R.O., Tythingmen's Presentments of Papists, 1743 (Mary Evans reported as a reputed popish recusant by tythingmen of Dulcot in the Hundred of Wells Forum); S.R.O. , Quarter Sessions Minute Book, 1740-47/8: entry headed "Protestant's Claim" , Bridgwater Sessions, 14 July 1747; see also M.D.R. Leys, Catholics in

From the small number of estate-enrolments in 1717 and from the papist-return of 1767, disclosing only three Bath-born adults,220 it would appear that in the first halfofthe eighteenthcentury Catholic residents were very few, but there are more plentiful records of Catholic visitors and further evidence of Jacobite activity in which some Catholics were implicated In 1718 nine suspected persons were arrested in Bath and sent under armed guard to London221 and the events of 1722 and 1745 also had local repercussions The LayerAtterburyplot of 1722 led to the arrest in Bath of the eighthDuke of Norfolk222 and to the imposition upon Catholics of a special levy of £100,000, Somerset's quota being £916. 8s . 223 In Bath £24 2s . 2½d was raised from Catholic property (no doubt the Carnes') in the Abbey parish and £13 . Os.2½d. from St James's parish where stood the Belltree House a lodging-house, containing a Catholic chapel, administeredby the Benedictines while the Catholics on the rural outskirts of the city, at Weston and Twerton, were assessed at 14s .2d and £11 .2s. 3d respectively . 224 At the time of the 'Forty-five Bath again attracted the attention of the government when informations were lodged against two suspected Jacobites225 and Bishop York, coadjutor to the Vicar-Apostolic of the Western District, had to flee from the city and go intohiding after a bogus letter had been delivered to the mayor, purporting to be an expression ofgratitude for assistance which Dr Yorkwas supposed to have given to the Jacobite cause.2

During the eighteenth century increasing numbers of Catholics visited Bath, some ofthem with a more than sentimentalattachmentto Jacobitism for example, the Towneleys, longstanding and longsuffering recusants whose chaplainfrequently offered Mass for the Old Pretender and one of whom, Francis Towneley, was executed for supporting the 1745 rebellion.227 Another visitor with Jacobite

England, 1559-1829 (1961) p 198, note 3. The Act entitling protestantrelatives to claim Catholic estates was 11 and 12 Gul III, cap 4, reinforcedby 12 Anne , st. 2, cap. 14.

220 See infra. , pp 102 , 104 .

221 H.M.C.,4thReport, Appendix, p 366

222 F. Skeet, Maria Windfreda Francesca Shireburn , eighthDuchessofNorfolk (reprintedfrom The StonyhurstMagazine, 1925) p 8

223 Journalsof the House of Commons, 20, p 431. See also W.R. Ward, The English Land-Tax in theEighteenthCentury(1953) pp 69-70; C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp. 60-2, and the comments in J.H. Plumb, Sir Robert Walpole, II (1960) pp 46, 98

224 P.R.O., E . 182/821 .

225 P.R.O., S.P.36/73, no 54; S.P.36/76, no 128, both printed in S.D.N.Q. , 28, pp. 55-8

226 Downside : Allanson , "Biography" , I, pp 447-50 ; Oliver, pp 55-6 Thetopic of Jacobitism in Bath can be followed-up in the Subject Catalogue relating to Bathand district in the Reference Library, Queen Square, Bath

227 J. Lofthouse, Lancashire's Old Families (1972) p 216 & passim.; Mary ElizabethTowneley: AMemoir (Preface by ArchbishopAmigo, 1924) pp 14-7; J.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

connections was the dowager Lady Seaforth, described by Alexander Pope as "the best neighbour" of his mother at Twickenham , 228 who stayed at the Bell-tree House for six months in the 1720s; manyyears later the Benedictine incumbent-cum-landlord recorded ruefullythat a large part of her bill of over a hundred pounds was still "not yet paid and I am afraid never will be . "229 In Lady Seaforth, as in a numberof her contemporaries , attachment to the Stuarts and Catholicism were combined; her parents, the Marquess of Marchioness of Powys, had been devoted adherents of James II, her husband was for a time active in the Jacobite movement and her daughter married into the Carylls, another recusant family strongly committed to the exiled dynasty.² The settlement of part of her Bell-tree debt through a "Kennet Mackenzy, " who was also a friend and trustee of Francis Carne , ² suggeststhe presence in Bath of a memberofher husband's family: his namesake Kenneth Mackenzie who had chambers in Gray's Inn and who married Lady Seaforth's sister, the widowed Lady Carrington.2

The growing popularity of Bath in the early eighteenthcentury is reflected in a letter written in 1706 which mentionsthe Catholiceighth Duke of Norfolk and the ancient recusant family of Shireburn of Stonyhurst: "The Bath has not been known at any time to be fuller than now it is, the Duke ofNorfolk, the Duke of Beaufort, the Duchess of Shrewsbury(the Duke being gone hence and left her behind), the Lord Hyde, who is just gone, Lord Grantham , Lord Gore , Lord Granville are the principal quality, with abundance of Ladies. The Duke of Norfolk is said to have a design upon Sir Nich Sherborne's , ofthe North, daughter and heir, who is here also, who has upwards of 3,000 1 per annum and red lettered. The Duke lives great both in table and equipage " "233 As a postscript to this gossip, it should be added that Mary Shireburnmarriedthe eighthDuke ofNorfolkin 1709.234

Another notable visitor to Bath in Beau Nash's time was Alexander Doran, Londonin Jacobite Times (1877) I, p 222 ; C.R.S., 2, p 306. Thefamily's earlier history is touched-on in manyotherworks, e.g. F.O. Blundell, Old Catholic Lancashire (3 vols , 1925-41 ); J.S. Leatherbarrow , Lancashire Elizabethan Recusants (Chetham Society, New Series, 110); W.R. Trimble, The CatholicLaity in Elizabethan England (Cambridge, Mass , 1964)

229

228 The Correspondence ofAlexanderPope (ed G. Sherburn , 1956) II, p 117 . Downside MS 70 (SouthProvince Book ofContracts ) p 56. Lady Seaforth originally owed £108. 13s. 3d for her stay from October 1724 to April 1725 , of which£42. 12s had been paid.

230 "G.E.C." , Complete Peerage, X, pp 646-8; XI, p 584; D.N.B. subMackenzie (Seaforth); Marquis of Ruvignyand Raineval, The Jacobite Peerage (1904) p. 162; Sir J.B. Paul, The Scots Peerage(Edinburgh , 1910) VII, p 511

231

232 Downside MS 70, p. 57;infra., pp 100-101 (Francis Carne's will). Correspondence of Alexander Pope, III, pp 30, 39; "G.E.C." , Complete Peerage , III, p 67.

233 H.M.C., 15th Report, Appendix, Part IV, p 329

234 "G.E.C." , Complete Peerage , IX, p. 631. See also C.R.S., 4, pp. 258-9; Blundell, OldCatholicLancashire, II, pp 117, 121;Skeet,op. cit.

237

Pope whose religion did not prevent the Abbey bellsfrom welcoming him and his friends nor disqualify himfrombeing invited to contribute an inscription (markedly unenthusiastic ) for an obeliskerected by Nash to commemoratethe visit of Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1738.235 Two years later the Duchess of Norfolk revisited the city236 and amongthe many other prominent Catholic familiesrepresented in Bath in the first half of the eighteenth century are the Arundells, the Englefields and the Fitzherberts, the Jerninghams , Tichbornes, Langdales and Fairfaxes , the Stapletons , Belsons, Vavasours and Pastons,2 some ofthem revealed through their wills In 1734 Mary Stapleton,late of York , made her will in Bath , 238 instructingher son and executor: "I am sure , my dear Jacky, you'll never forget to pray for my poor soul ... Give £10 to the Benedictines at Brussels, and what you think proper to the good nuns at Antwerp, Louvain, Cambray and Gravelines. " It is unusual to find such clear evidence of bequests for"superstitious uses" , at that time illegal; normally such instructions were contained in a secret codicil, not admitted to probate, or were worded more guardedly, like the earlier bequest by a Wiltshire recusant ofone hundred pounds "to my friend , Mr. Dowaie" , the latter being, no doubt, Douai College wherehis son had been educated .239

In 1736 John Paston, late of Horton, Gloucestershire , made his will at Bath240 and couched it in terms which leave no doubt as to his religion: "hoping, by the merits and passion of my dear Saviour Jesus Christ, and the intercession of His blessed Mother the VirginMary, to be made partaker of His heavenly Kingdom" , while ten years later his brother-in-law, Dr Richard Bostock, in his will, expressed his desire to be buried "between eleven and twelve at night" in the Abbey; his

235 R. Carruthers , Life of Alexander Pope (2nd edition, 1857) pp. 137-8; 0. Goldsmith, Life of Richard Nash Esq (reprinted in Goldsmith'sMiscellaneous Works, 1895 edn ) pp 542-3

236 E.J. Climenson , ElizabethMontague ... Her Correspondence from 1720to 1761 (1906) I, p 42; Skeet, op cit , p 10 .

237 Gentleman's Magazine, passim: e.g. 1736 (Langdale, p. 423), 1737 (Jerningham , p. 371); Davey, passim. For an early eighteenth -century list_of Catholic "Persons of Quality" , see R.H. 12, pp 42-8 . See also B. Little, The Building of Bath (1947) pp 113-4 for Catholic memorials in Bath Abbey. Catholics often occur among notablevisitors whose arrival was announced in the local press, e.g. The BathJournal, 18 April 1748 ("Arriv'd here: MrArundell"), 21 Nov. 1748 ("LordArundel& Lady"), 7 Jan. 1749 ("Lord Clifford & Lady, Sir Harry Inglefield, Mr Fitzherbert").

238 J.O. Payne, Records of English Catholics of1715(1889) p 80. Thiswas the second wife of Nicholas Stapleton (formerly Errington). She died on 26 April 1735; J. Foster, Pedigrees of County Families of Yorkshire , II (1874not paginated, but arranged alphabetically)

239 P.R.O., Prob 11/339/77(will ofWilliam Knipeof Semley, Wilts , 1672). For this family see my article "The Decline of a Recusant Family" in Wilts Archaeological ... Magazine, 59, pp 170-80; also C.R.S. Monograph 1 , passim.

240 F. Brown, Abstracts of Somersetshire Wills, 4th series (1889) pp. 134-5; Payne, op cit , p. 19 .

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

memorialisnoted in the Abbey burial-register. 241

The year of this last will (1746) is that in which the Bell-treeHouse account book, printed in this volume , begins, though from morefragmentary earlier accounts and from the Abbey registers, citedat the end of this paragraph, it is clear that its character as a lodging-house dated back more than half a century before that, to a periodearlier thanthe Benedictine historian of the Bath mission , Dom J.A. Birdsall, suspected.242 The Bell-tree House, once St James's rectory, stood at the corner of Binbury or Bilbury Lane and Beau Street (formerly Cross Bath Street or Bell-tree Lane) oppositethe end of Bellot's Hospital,an Elizabethan almshouse founded by Burghley's steward , Thomas Bellot.243 It was therefore but a few minutes' walk from the Cross Bath, the King's Bath and the Pump Room and Father Birdsall'sMS . recalls how "the Bell-tree House was in its day and while it belonged to us much sought after by Visitors for lodgings and these sometimes of the first distinction, as the Duke ofNorfolkand others" and how Bath was long "considered the principal Benedictine mission of theSouth Province"2444so muchso that by the end ofthe seventeenth century the Benedictines ' association with Bath was sufficiently strong and well-known to rule it out, in the fantasies of a contemporarypamphleteer, as a See for the secular BishopGiffard in the dreaded event ofa Catholic takeover of Anglican dioceses245 The Benedictines had a house at Bath in Charles II's reign, during Dom GregoryMallett's term ofoffice as Provincial(1666-81), 246 and in the 1690s they were paying

241 Brown, op cit, p. 135; Payne, op. cit , p. 47; Davey, pp 62-3; R.B.A. , pp 436, 474

242 See supra., p.48 (Lady Seaforth's account) and note 244 below (Birdsall MS )

243 R.E. Peach, Historic Houses in Bath, first series (1883) pp 25-7; Bath Reference Library: Maps and Plans of Bath, 1572-1846 . The site is now occupied by the old Technical College building, formerly the Royal United Hospital See also A.E. Bush & J. Hatton, Thomas Bellott (Bath, 1966)

244 DownsideMS 252 : "History ofActon Burnelland Bath Missions" - actually the history only of the latter, preceded by copies ofa few documents relatingto Acton Burnell. The Bathsection begins on p 13 and ends onp. 97 (unnumbered ) and is based partly on personal recollections and traditionsbut quite substantially on correspondence and other Benedictine records, notably Downside MSS 70 and 51 (respectively the South Province Book of Contractsetc., 1717-1826 , and S. Province Chapter Book, 1681-1781 ) Fr. Birdsall's authorship is not stated but internal evidence and handwriting reflect it These two quotationsare from pp. 17 & 14 respectively.

245 Harvard University, Houghton Library (to whom I am grateful for a photocopy):A Letter to an HonourableMember of Parliament concerning the Great Growth of Popery ... (Jan. 1700) for which see D. Wing, Short Title Catalogue of English Books, 1641-1700 (New York, 1945-51) III, p 436. Onp 4 of this broadsheet the writer, "R.W." , aversthat "Bp Gifford is readytoplant at Litchfield or Worcester; for he will not go nearer Bathfor old Luellin's sake , who is there already"a reference to the Benedictine incumbent, Dom Austin Llewellyn, for whom see infra , p 54

246 Downside : Allanson, "History" , I, p 528 (list of Benedictine addressesat

double land-tax, possibly on this, as Catholics were obliged to do under the Land-Tax Act of 1692.247 Religious orders could not, of course , hold property openly but relied upon lay trustees and for manyyears the recusant Hussey family of Marnhull, Dorset , acted in this capacity George Hussey in the 1680s and successive members ofthe familyfor a century thereafter248 The combination of chapel and lodging-house is reflected respectivelyin John Wood's reference to "a Room in the Parsonage House of Saint James's Church, appropriatedfor Ages past for Religious Purposes" "249 and in burial-entries in theAbbey registers: "Elinor Moore that died at Mr. Hussie's at the Bell-Tree"; "Mrs. Martha Grove, als. Winscomb , from Mr. Hussie's House"; "Mrs. Mary Framton, a stranger, from 'Mr. Hussie's house" , 250 i.e. the unmarried Mary Frampton who died in 1698 and to whose monument in the Abbey a long and laudatory epitaphwas contributed byDryden . 251

The eighteenth -century enrolments of papists' estatesshow theBelltree House as beingnominally the premises of John Hussey in 1717;252 he renewed the lease two years later and again in 1736253the year of his deathwhen, in his will, he left to his son Giles Hussey,the artist, "all the right title interest term and terms of years and benefit and advantage of renewall I now have or am intitled to or shall or may at the time ofmy decease be intitled to in a certainMessuageor Tenement

the time of the Chapter meeting of July-August 1685) and MS . 51 (South Province Chapter Book, 1681-1781 ) p 11 , startingfrom back of book, upside down Bath is not, however, given as the addressof a Benedictine missioner atthe Chapter meetings of 1666, 1669, 1673, 1677 and 1681 (Allanson , op cit, I, pp 403, 449, 458, 476, 493, 511) but by no means every priest's location is recorded

247 DownsideMS. 51, p. 28. The Act was 3 Gul. & M., cap. 1 , section 34. For some evidence of the operationof this tax see C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 53-5

248 Bath City Archives : MS "Repertory of Deeds etc., 1581-1776" , no 662 (21-years lease , 1683); Council Books , e.g. no 3 (29 June 1702), no 4 (29 June 1719) and sources cited in notes 250, 252-5 . For the Hussey family and the Marnhull mission, see C.R.S., 56, pp 165-75 and works there cited Before George Hussey the lessee of the Bell-tree House was John Tucker("Repertory": lease dated 8 Oct. 1666)

249 DescriptionofBath (1765 edition) p 314

250 R.B.A., pp 396 (13 March 1700), 392 (9 Oct. 1693), 395 (8 Sept. 1698); also p 398: "Thomas Kennion from Mr Hussey's" (20 April 1702) alreadycited supra., p. 45.

251 Davey, p 15; Britton & Peach, Bath Abbey, pp 81-2 ; Dryden, Poetical Works (Globe edition, 1874) p 359; Poems and Fables of John Dryden (Oxford Standard Authors, 1958) pp 814-5, etc. For the Framptons , see J. Hutchins, History of Dorset (3rd edn , 1861-3) I, pp 391-405 They also had property at Biddestone, Wilts., a short distance from Bath (House of Lords MS. 321, c. 66; C.R.S. Monograph1 , p. 235).

252 S.R.O. , Enrolments of Papists' Estates, 1717-88, printedinfra., pp 98-9; P.R.O., F.E.C. 1 , P . 98/1 , f.1; E.& P. , p 227.

253 BathCity Archives : "Repertory" , nos 1327, 1692

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

in the City of Bath called the Belltree House ... "254 Giles renewed the lease for twenty-one years in 1753 and likewise in 1774.255 However, the Benedictines were the effective occupants of the property; it was they who arranged a mortgage with William Stourton of the Wiltshire recusant family256 (another member of which, Botolph Stourton, was staying at the Bell-tree in 1715257) while the 1717 registration, although it naturally makes no mention of Benedictine occupancy, declares the house to be "nowein the possessionof Mrs. Anne Quineo "258 possibly the housekeeper and a relative of Dom Bernard Quyneo O.S.B. who was attached to the Bathmissionat about that time and who set about raising subscriptions for the renovation of the Bell-tree House " 259

In centring a Catholic mission upon a lodging-house containing a chapel and priests' quarters , the Bath Benedictines resembled the secular clergy and the Jesuits with theirtwo inns at Holywell, another resort much frequented by Catholics .260 On the second floor of the Bell-tree House were "a long room set aside for divine worship" , with free access for the congregation , and accommodation for the incumbent;2 the chapel was enriched by a bequest fromLady Banks of Murhill, near Winsley,Wilts., a short distance fromBath, who foratime

261

254 P.R.O., Prob. 11/679/201; see also Payne, Records ofEnglish Catholics, pp 11-12

255 BathCityArchives : "Repertory" , nos. 2034 , 2544

256 Downside MS. 51, p. 75 and MS . 70 (SouthProvince Bookof Contractsetc. , 1717-1826 ) pp. 10-12: loan of£400, paid offby 1729 in four instalments of£100 . See also Downside MS 252, p 18. The Stourtonshad close connections withthe Benedictines ; Thomas, son of the 11th Lord Stourton, and John, son ofthe 12th , joined the order and family chaplains were drawnfrom it (C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp. 170-4, 262)

257 C.B.J., Lord Mowbray, Segraveand Stourton,History of the NobleHouse of Stourton (2 vols , 1899) p 1088. The Stourton and Frampton families (see previous paragraph) were linked through the marriage of the Hon Charles Stourton, son of the 12th baron, to Catherine Frampton (Noble House of Stourton, pp 507, 1151). A list of papists in Salisbury diocese in 1706 shows "Bodwell" (Botolph) and William Stourton at Biddestone (Diocesan Record Office, Salisbury : Returns ofPapists, Box I)

258 Or perhaps Quindo; see infra ., p. 98.

259 Downside: Allanson, "Biography" , I, pp 358-9 and Birt, p 87 say that Fr. Quyneo was at Bath in 1711 and became confessor to the Bridgettinenuns at Lisbon in 1714; however J.R. Fletcher, The Story of the English Bridgettines of Syon Abbey (Bristol, 1933) p 132, gives the latter date as 1717. In Downside MS. 252, pp. 17-18 it is not realised that Fr. Quyneowas a priest . See also C.R.S., 17, p 458 and C.R.S., 9, p 368 (for a Benedictine nun named Quyno, or Coesneau, related through her mother to the Shireburns ) An earlier Bell-tree housekeeper, c . 1707 , may havebeen a Mrs Wheeler (R.B.A. , p 402 : reference to "the Bell tree house, Mrs. Wheeler's")

260 The inns were, respectively , the Cross Keys and Old Star See D. Attwater, The Catholic Church in Modern Wales (1935) p 47; also C.R.S., 3, pp 105-34 and Foley, IV & V,passim.

261 Downside MS 70, p 7; MS 252, p 21; P.R.O. , S.P.37/20, no 362 (printed infra , p. 199).

had a Benedictine chaplain and whose "Church stuff is now" (1725) "at the Bell-tree house for the use of the Prov'ce , consisting of 3 vestments and antependiums , viz: one of Moehair crimsonwith silver lace; an other ofPurple adorned with open silver lace, the 3rd of black; a good Albe, Altar-Stone, 2 large Reliquaries of Silver, a Crucifix,two Silver bread boxes, Cartes, tynn Thurible, etc."262 That the Mass and other services were conductedwith a good deal ofceremony is recalled by one of the congregation who later apostatised but who hadearlier been attracted to the Catholic Church "by the pageantryand pompof her worship, which were constantly exhibited, as much as they could be, in that smallchapel " 3263

The earliest Benedictine missioner so far traced at Bath is Dom Anselm Williams who was there by the summer of 1685 and whose chapel JamesIImay have attended whenin the city two years later . 264 Dom Anselm received an annual allowance of"about £24"for"Dyett and Cloathes" , plus a half-yearly payment of thirty shillings, the interest derived from a sum offifty pounds "putinto his hands by several Benefactours to be employedin charitableuses" and bestowedbyhim upon the Benedictinehouse in Bath . 265 He died in 1693 and henceforth a succession of Benedictines can be traced at the Bell-tree House , while an occasional Jesuit or secular priest is also discoverable in the city. 266 Their Bath mission occurs in the deliberations of the Benedictine Provincial Chapter; in 1719 the conditions for letting rooms were revised and in July 1741 the future ofthe Bell-tree House was the first item on the agenda following the elevation to the episcopate ofthe

262 DownsideMS 51, p. 14 (from backofbook, upside down) See also V.C.H. , Wilts., III, p. 90; C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 174-5, 231, 245 (correctingBirt, pp. 80, 360)

263 James Smith, The Errors of the Church of Rome Detected (Canterbury, 1777) p 7. I am very grateful to Dr E. Duffy for this reference . Theauthorhad been educated at Lisbon and was chaplain at Cowdray, Sussex , when he apostatised in 1754 (ibid., notes to pp 1 & 14). For Smith, see also Kirk, p.212 and W. Croft& J. Gillow, HistoricalAccountof Lisbon College (1902) pp 253-4.

264 Downside : Allanson, "History" , I, p 528. See also note246. Aconfirmatory entry in Downside MS 51 , p 2 (from back) suggestsFr. Williams' presence in Bath in 1686. For the tradition that James II worshipped at the Bell-tree chapel in 1687 see B.W. Kelly, Historical Notes on English CatholicMissions (1907) p. 67 (undocumented- probably based on Oliver, pp. 55, 438 ); J.C. Fowler, The Benedictines in Bath during a Thousand Years (Yeovil, 1895) p 74. Acknowledgement is here made to thisusefulsketch, the relevant section of which wasalso printedin D.R. , Dec. 1895, for various pointsincorporatedintothis Introduction, to which specific references are not necessarily given I have failed to find any hard evidence to connect James II with the Bell-tree chapel, e.g. in J.Y. Akerman, MoneysReceived and Paid for Secret Services of Charles IIandJames II (Camden Society, 52); Cal. Treasury Books, 1685-9; C.S.P.D., June 1687Feb. 1689, but the Bell-tree was a Benedictine house and he did bringwith him a Benedictine chaplain (Fr. John Huddleston ; see supra , p. 42)

265 Downside MS. 51, p 11 (from back)

266 See infra , pp 72-4, 77-8, for various non-Benedictines in Bath, including French émigré clergy.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

incumbent , Dom Laurence York, who had just been made coadjutorto Bishop Prichard , the Vicar-Apostolic of theWestern District . 267

Meanwhile, in the successionof Bell-tree priests beginningwithDom AnselmWilliams, the second had been Dom Austin Llewellyn, formerly an Anglicanand master of a free school, who had embraced the Catholic faith, entered the Benedictine order and risen to become Provincial of Canterbury (i.e. the Benedictines' southern province) and titular Cathedral Prior of Bath He had come to Bath in 1693, shortly after the completion of twelve years as Provincial , and remained until his death in 1711.268 For a time he appears to have had the assistance of a young monk. Dom John Dakins , who had been ordained at St Gregory's , Douai, in 1695 and who returned to the Continent as an invalid five years later, his health impaired through an infection contracted while visiting the sick in Bath . 269 In 1711 an entry in the account book of the South Province reads, "Paid to MrQuyneofor Mr Llewellyn's funeral, £8" , 270 which suggeststhat DomBernard Quyneo was in Bathtowardsthe end of Father Austin Llewellyn's life or that he arrived immediately after his death Three years later Dom William Banester, a relative by marriage of Francis Carne and a beneficiary under his will , 271 was stationedat Bath; he remained until his deathin 1726 during his fifth year as Provincial of Canterbury, a huge territory comprising the midland and southern counties and the whole of Wales . 272 This office no doubt involvedhim in frequent absencesfrom Bathhe was at Fonthill, Wilts, (then in the hands of the Catholicand JacobiteCottington family) in 1721273and the Bell-tree chapelwas probably served by other Benedictines in the early 1720s; for example Dom John Benedict Cumberlege who mustered four more priests for

267 Downside MS 70, p 7; MS 51, pp 106, 109; also MS 252, p 21. For Bishops Prichard and York, seeW. Mazière Brady , AnnalsoftheCatholicHierarchy (Rome, 1877) and B. Hemphill, The Early Vicars-ApostolicofEngland (1954)

268 Downside : Allanson , "Biography" , I, pp 289-90; Birt, p. 72.

269 Allanson , op cit , p 284; Birt, p. 71.

270 271 Cited by Allanson , p 358, note5.

P.R.O., Prob . 11/581/177: "Item I give to Mr. William Banister , cousingerman to my said dear wife, eight pounds" ; also "Igive to the poorfive pounds to be distributed at the discretion of my said wife and her cousin Banister" (see alsoinfra , pp 100-101) Dom H.N. Birt, History ofDownside School (1902) p 316, following Allanson , "Biography " , I, pp 340-1, note 4, confuses Fr. Banester with the secular priest Edward Taverner, alias John Davis, or Banister, who taughtthe young AlexanderPope; see C.R.S., 30, p 176, note; Kirk, p 230; Gillow, I, pp 122-3; A.C.F.Beales, EducationunderPenalty (1963) pp 218-9

272 Allanson, op cit , pp 340; R.B.A., p 418; Birt, Obit Book , pp. xxix (CanterburyProvince), 83 (Banester)

273 Allanson , op cit , 363, note, reproduces an extractfrom the SouthProvince Account Book: "Expenses ofthe new Provincial in goingtoFonthill" (1721). See also C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 175-6 , 189

the recital of the office of the dead on Elizabeth Fairfax's anniversary.2274

The year of Father Banester's death finds another Benedictine serving the Bath mission : Dom Francis Bruning who remained until 1730.75 His successor was Dom Laurence York whose subsequent appointment as coadjutor-bishop of the Western Vicariate gave rise to the deliberationsofthe ProvincialChapter in 1741 when it was resolved to set up "a fund to maintain one ofours who might be an assistant to the incumbent at the Belltree" , that an annual statement should be submitted to the Provincial showing receipts and expenditure and that any surplus should be devoted to the Province 276 A second missioner was sent to Bath, DomWilliam Ambrose Brown, who was stillthereat the time oftheChapter Meetingof 1745, thoughhe departed later that year, but the financial affairs of the Bell-tree House continued to be administered by BishopYorkwho submittedto the Chapteran account ofhis stewardship during the period 1741-45.277 Inthe latter yearthe Bishop, unjustly suspected of Jacobite activities, went into hiding²78 and there occurs an obscure interlude when the local Catholics may perhaps have been without a pastor A supposed Franciscan "William Chapman" , believed by Gillow and others to have been in charge ofthe Bath mission by 1747, is non-existent279 and the Bell-tree House continued under Benedictine control It is in October 1746, six months

274 H.Aveling, "The Catholic Recusancy of the Yorkshire Fairfaxes" , pt. 3, in R.H., 6, p. 18. Elizabeth , formerly Viscountess Dunbar, wife of the Hon. Charles Gregory Fairfax, died at Bath in April 1721 and was buried in the Abbey (ibid and Davey, pp 77-8) Fr. Cumberlege also had some connectionwith Fonthill (Birt, p 86).

275 It was he who paid off, in 1729, the final instalment of the mortgage mentionedin note 256, the interesthenceforthbeing payable to him instead of the Stourtons (Downside MS 70, pp 10-12; MS 252 , p 18; Allanson , "Biography" , I, p 411). According to Birt, p 79, Dom Richard Placid Bruning had died in Bath in 1720 but there seems to be no evidence that he was attached to the Bell-tree mission.

276

277 Downside MS 51, pp 106 , 109 . Downside : Allanson, "History" , II, p 169; "Biography" , I, pp 448-9; Birt p 100

278 See supra , p 47.

279 Gillow, I, p 237 , sub MarthaBlount, alludes to a letter to her "dated Bath, June 13, 1747, subscribed byWilliam Chapman, apparentlythe Franciscan Father in charge ofthe chapel there" B. Boyce, The Benevolent Man: A Life ofRalph Allen of Bath (Cambridge, Mass, 1967) p 149, note 24, also refersto thisletter as being "addressed to her by the priest of the Catholicchapel in Bathin 1747" . Both maybe following R. Carruthers , Life ofAlexanderPope (1857)p. 378, note 3, in attributing the letter to "the priestof theCatholicChapel there" (i.e. Bath)an attribution for which there are nogrounds The letter, actuallydated 13 Jan. 1747-8, is not signed by William but by "W. Chapman" and comparison of the handwriting and signature with those of various members of the prominentBath family of that name shows it to have been written by Prebendary (of Bristol) Walter Chapman D.D., who became Vicar of Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts. and Master ofSt John'sHospital, Bath The originalletter is in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (MS D.D. Blount, as yet unnumbered ) and I am grateful to Mrs A. Fosterfor

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

after the final shatteringofStuart hopes at Culloden and after government-pressure on Catholics had been relaxed , that the darkness liftsto reveal Dom Bernard Bradshaw travellingfrom Lancashire to take charge ofthe house and mission in Bath . 280

As soon as he arrived Father Bradshaw commenced a detailed account-book (here printed, pp 00) setting out on alternate pages the names ofthe lodgers, the lengths oftheir visitsand the amountsoftheir bills, neatly balanced by opposite pages recording their payments. Following these pairs of pages of "Lodgers' Accounts" come the "House Accounts" , going into considerable detail as toeveryday expenditure on the running of the Bell-tree House. In the account-book there appear the names of many leading Catholic families as wellas thoseofa number of priests who stayed at the house .An early entry, "MrPrice's lodgings given gratis" , suggests the presence of Dom James Bernard Price O.S.B., then attached to a Lancashire mission , 281 and other Benedictines , likewise not charged for their lodgings , were Fathers Robert Benedict Steare and Roger Joseph Whittel Fathers Price and Steare labouredmainly in the north,2 282 but FatherWhittel spentsome years in the south-west as chaplain to a Mr Widdrington "near Bath" perhaps the Hon William Tempest Widdrington of Easton Grey, Wilts.283 Father Whittel's predecessor as chaplain , Dom John Anselm

locating it and to its owner, J.J. Eyston Esq. for permission to have it photocopied Signatures on various"W. Chapman" leases , 1732-72, amongthe Bath city archives are not in the same hand as this letter, but a receipt dated 31 January 1751-2 is; this is among the Bristol Cathedral muniments(Receipts for Stipends etc., signed by the Dean and Prebendaries, 1747-51) Forfacilitating the process of elimination and identification, I am indebted to MrR. Bryant of Bath City Archives Dept., to Miss M.E. Williams (Bristol City Archivist) and to Mr A. Sabin (Honorary Archivist, Bristol Cathedral ) For Prebendary WalterChapman, see R. Young, Mrs Chapman's Portrait (Bath, 1926) pp 37-53, and Felix Farley's Bristol Journal (obituary in issue of 30 April 1791) in Bristol Reference Library. See also Peach, Brief History ofthe HospitalofStJohn Baptist, Bath , p. 35for a critical view of the Chapmans' Mastership.

280 Downside: Allanson, "Biography" , I, p 459, note 1 (Fr. Bradshaw's travelling-expenses from Lancashire to Bath); C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp. 64-5 (Attorney-General's ruling on the treatmentofpriests, June 1746).

281 The mission was that of Standish , Lancs (Allanson, "Biography" , I, p. 444; Birt, p 105) See also F.O. Blundell, Old CatholicLancashire, III (1941) p. 162. The entriesrelating to Fr. Price are on pp 108 & 109 of the AccountBook (here printed infra , pp 113-4)

282 For Fr. Price , see previous note; for Fr. Steare, Allanson , "Biography" , I, pp 468-9; Birt, p 111, both datinghis death January 1780 and Allansonadding that hewas allowed to live out his days at Parlington, Yorks., after the apostasy of his young patron, Sir Thomas Gascoigne This, however , occurred in June 1780 (York Courant , 13 June 1780; Extractsfrom the "Leeds Mercury"and "Intelligencer" in Thoresby Society, 40, passim ) and the true date ofSteare's death appears to have been 18 Jan. 1781, as recorded in The Laity's Directory for 1782 (C.R.S., 12, p 20) For Whittel's and Steare's Bath visits , see Account Book, pp 114-9 (infra ., pp. 118-22).

283 Downside: Allanson, "Biography" , I, p. 479. See also C.R.S. Monograph1 , pp 178, 239. Fr. Whittel'svisit to Bath, for which theDouayaccounts recordhis

Geary, retired many years later to Bath where he scandalised some of his brethren by living comfortably on a handsome annuity of obscure origin until his death in 1795 at the age of eighty-one; to others , however, he was "our Worthy Brother" who, at the request of the South Province in 1778, had advanced five hundredpounds towardsthe costofproviding a new chapel in Bath . 284

The Bell-tree House appears to have been a sizeable building, containing a chapel and schoolroom as well as numerous different rooms; thus when "Mr John Chichester came to the Bell-tree the 26 of October; he had at first two bed-chambers and a dining room at 10 shillings per week each with the room on the back stairs at 7 shillings per week and a garret at 5 shillings per week .Thenthe second weekof his coming had a servants' hall at 5 shillings p. week ... " . This was in 1757; in the following JanuaryMrs Chichester had "a room and parlor at 7 shillingsper weekeach, the paper room at 6 shillings and a garretat 5 shillings per week" while a further entry, relating to Mr and Mrs Chichester , refers to "two seven shilling rooms and the paper room ... each with a garret" and to "a servants' hall" . There are also references to another (?) dining room, to a "side room" and a "white room" , while a maidservant might be accommodated with "the turn-up bed in the parlour" . The Hon. Mrs Webb, a longstanding resident , had a room of her own, noted in another document285 which also mentions a "great staircase" in addition to the "back stairs" referred -to above ,the kitchen, housekeeper's room, red room, study and book room.Thelast may perhaps have housed a Catholic library for the residents and /or congregation ; among receipts recorded on the final page of the accountbook is the sum of £4. 3s. 6d. "in book room box" That there was a school on the premises is indicatedin a note made byFather Bradshaw when, as Provincial, he revisited Bath in 1773, during the incumbency of his successor , Dom John Placid Naylor Having examined the accounts(which FatherNaylor kept less meticulously thanhe himselfhad done)286 and recommended the purchase of"some certainfurnitureof a more genteelnature" , Father Bradshaw advised his confrère "to get rid of the noise and inconveniencies caused by the School, which very unwillingly Mr Naylor had hitherto suffered" . Not all charges are as clearly set out as those just quoted ; relatively

travelling expenses (Allanson, loc cit , note 5) may have been an interludeen route to this chaplaincy

284 Allanson, "Biography" , I, p 503 & note (caustic commenton an annuity left to him in 1784); MS 70, p 111 ; MS 252, p 25. Part ofFr. Geary's income comprised £40 p.a. from the Benedictine South Province in return for the £500 loan He livedfor seventeenyears after makingthe latter; his death in March 1795 is recorded in R.B.A., p. 477 . 285 286

ArchivesNationales , Paris: S . 4619, liasse 3 (printedinfra , p. 177)

Archives Nationales , Paris, LL 1420 (infra. , pp. 137-8). Compare Fr. Naylor's accounts (also in Arch Nat , S . 4619, liasse 3;infra.. pp 172-6) with Fr.Bradshaw's. But the ProvincialChapter had not been happyaboutthe state ofaffairs when he left (Downside MS 252, p 23)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

few entries indicate how many rooms were involvedbut for hers Mrs Webb paid £1 10s a quarter Another entry (on page 136 of the account-book) reads, "Mrs Martin pleading sickness and distress ...It was agreed that she should only pay five shillings a weekand this much outofhumanity forhersufferings. " Chargesmight be for lodgingorfor lodging and "dressing" , i.e. preparationof food; a muchearlieraccount, in the 1720s, refers to a charge for "dressing meat" in addition to lodging287 and an entry for 1760 relatingto Philip Langdale states "he always eat abroad, so there was no dressing" while on page 135 ofthe account-book the term "dressing victuals" is used.

While the receipts from lodgers show that it was possible for several visitors, in some instances with servants, to be accommodatedsimultaneously, they also show that weeks could go by with no visitorsat all and that in the course of a yearonly a dozen or so might stay at the Bell-tree House. Some did, however , remain for long periods; for example , SirCarnabyHaggerston's party who were charged over ninety pounds for twenty-eight weeks in 1748-9,2 plus £15. Os . 9d. "for dressing during the time of their stay" . Usually there was modest annual profit, though the last page of the account-book shows thatat the time ofFather Naylor's departurein 1776the house was in debt; it was also allegedthoughthere were conflicting views on this, of which Father Naylor kept a record that over sixtypounds' worthofrepairs - 289

288 and renovations were necessary

There appear to have been a number of servants at the Bell-tree House; a Mrs Leech seems to have been housekeeper about the year 1730290 and some sixteen years later this post was occupied by a Mrs Hothersall who was paid her expenses for travelling from Lancashire and with whom Father Bradshaw left a balance of £30 18s 4d "for my successor Mr Naylor" . However , Mrs Hothersall appears to have departed a year or so afterNaylor's arrival and to have been replaced by a Mrs Boardman , since there are among the disbursements for 1758 a payment of nine months' wagesplus"a gratification" to Mrs Hothersall and, "to Mrs Boardman for her expenses in travellinghither" , the sum of five guineas. The House Accounts also include payments to a cook and a chambermaid ; an entry "Payd Molly wages, 9s. 9d " in the financial year 1747-8 may perhaps refer to the latter. There are , in addition, payments to "a gardiner" and a nurse while an entry, "ToMr Stapleton's man upon the House account," suggeststhat the servant of

287 Downside MS. 70, p. 57

288 Four bills totalling £92 14s Kirk, p 109, records (but misdates) thedeath ofa member of thisfamily after leaving Bathfor London

289 Archives Nationales , Paris: S . 4619, liasse 3 (builder'sestimate printed infra. , p 177);liasse5, no . 137 (Anthony McHugo's statement , printedinfra., pp 178-80)

290

DownsideMS . 51, p 89 (July 1729 - July 1733): "paid to Mrs. Jane Leech in part of arrears due to her from Mr. Bannister for her service at the Bell Tree House at Bath: £25 17s Od " For Fr. Bannister see supra , p 54 and , for suggestions asto earlier housekeepers, p 52 & note259

one ofthe visitors may have been helpingin the house Manyyears later Father Naylor refers to "servants" in the plural when he notes , of a departing lodger , Mrs Bearcroft, "no damages paid , which were many, in breakingglasses, plates etc. and nothing allso given my servants"

There are many entries in the House-accounts relating to the maintenance, repair and improvement of the building (payments for 'Joyner's work, sweeping chimneys and whitewashing' ,for'settinga boyler, flagging in the kitchen' , for 'mending the water pipes' and for an upholsterer'sbill) while other disbursements cover food and drink(e.g. 'rice, sugar and raysons' , tea, cheese, 100 herrings , 33 lbs of salt fish, two quarter-barrels of beer and two and a half gallons ofwine) and the purchase of household articles (mops and brushes, a tablecloth, a doubledozen of knives and forks, brass sconcesand candlesticks forthe parlour, a Turkey carpet, blankets and 42 yards of linen for sheets). The amountsof food and drink and the quantitiesof cutlery and linen reinforce the view that the house could, when called upon, caterfor quite large parties

Forforty-five years (1741-86) the Bell-tree House was the residence of a Catholic bishop with special rooms reserved for him and both Bishop York and Bishop Walmesley appear in the pages of the accountbook, the latter as lodging at the Bell-tree for long periods and as paying an additional £ 1 7s Od "for bringing in strangers" while an entry of four shillings bears the note, "from Mr York, who would absolutelypay for his dinner. " Other receipts , over and above those for board and lodging, include various sums "found in churchbox" , Massofferings and a guinea "from Mrs Collings at churching" , while outgoings include a donation "to the nuns of Syon House" (not Sion House, Bath, but the Bridgettine convent in Portugal whence anappeal for assistance had come after the Lisbon earthquake of 1755)29 and personal expenditure such as the purchase of a dictionary, the cost of altering a coat and breeches and of buying a hat, shoes and other articlesofclothing, while items connected with the chapel also occur: altar breads, a cassock, an extinguisher for the paschal candle and flowersfor the altar

Various payments are mentionedfor the hire and keeping ofhorses and for journeys to places served from Bath: East Harptree, Somerset , and Horton, Glos Before the establishment oftheir own chapel in 1765 a zealous convert family at Shepton Mallet walked the twenty-odd miles to Bristol or to the Bell-tree chapel in Bathto hear Mass - though they, and the Catholics in and around Wells and Glastonbury, may

291 B.M. , Add MS 5821, p 90: transcript of appeal, formerly in the hands of Dom John Simpson O.S.B., for whom see infra , p. 70. The appeal isreproduced in T.F. Teversham, History of Sawston, part II (Sawston, Cambs , 1947) p. 226 and is interestingin that it is addressed to "the nobility , ladies and gentlemen of our dear country" , irrespective of religious belief, and becauseit studiouslyavoids any mention of nuns, convent etc. See also J.R. Fletcher, The Story of the English Bridgettines , p 137; P. Guilday, English Catholic Refugees on the Continent (1914) p. 61

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

from time to time have received visits from Jesuit "riding-missioners" underthe termsofan ancient endowment The Pastons' Mass-centre at Horton, linked with Chipping Sodbury, had a congregation offifty or so in 1767293 and for some years in the 'seventies there wasa resident Benedictine there, but the collapse of the familyfortunesand the sale ofthe estate in 1777 meantthe loss ofthe chapel in the Manor House; the chaplain departed and the congregation diminished, becoming dependent once more on visiting priests mainlyfrom Bath but for a time from Cheltenham who said Mass elsewhere in the village.2 Other places served from Bath and mentioned in the mission-register (to be printed in the next volume) are Camerton , Dunkerton, Norton St Philip and Wellow, all in Somerset, and Box and Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts , whence the vicar wrote to the Bishop of Salisbury in 1780 about "the frequent resortof a RomishPriest hither, joined withhis zealous efforts to gain proselytes " . The vicarwas writing shortly after the Gordon Riotsa fearsome experience for the priest and CatholicsofBath295 and it is not surprisingthat he adds, "for the present those efforts have subsided".2 These conversions may have been listed in the Bath register destroyed, togetherwith most of the Western District archives, in the Riots;297 however , writinglater, Bishop Walmesley refers to pre-1780 visitations in various parts ofthe 296

294

292

292 Foley, IV, p. 476; D.R., July 1893, pp. 158-9; House of Lords Record Office: Return ofPapists, 1767 (Bath& Wells) listing three men, the wives oftwo of them , five children, a 45 year-old spinster and an unnamed priest, stated - erroneously , if he was John Brewer S.J. who foundedthe SheptonMalletmission in 1765 to have been there for five years. Fr. Brewer belonged to the same Lancashire family as Dom John Brewer O.S.B. who was at Bathfrom 1776 to 1781; see Foley, V. p 909; VII, p 87; Birt, p 133; Oliver, pp 60, 246-7; infra., p 107, note 7

293 House of Lords Record Office: Return of Papists, 1767 (Diocese of Gloucester ) showing 40 at Horton and 4 atChippingSodbury

294 Downside MS 252, pp 61-4 (accountof Horton mission); also Birt, pp 127 (Dom James Placid Duviviers , or Waters, at Horton, 1772-7) & 359; Oliver, p. 116; T. Hearne, Reliquae Hearnianae (ed P. Bliss, 1869) I, p 275, note; House of Lords Record Office; Return of Papists, 1780-1 (Gloucester diocese) showing 21 at Horton and 11 at ChippingSodbury Horton was eventuallyabsorbed intothe mission ofChipping Sodbury, established in 1838; cf. Oliver , pp 116, 120; B.W. Kelly, Historical Notes on English Catholic Missions (1907) p. 130. For Horton register-entries, see Reg 1

295 Seeinfra , pp 67-9 .

296 Salisbury Diocesan Record Office: Returns of Papists, Box 2: letterdated27 Sept. 1780 and endorsed "Papists, 27 Septr 1780, Bradford abt 20, Winkfield none" . The vicar was Prebendary Walter Chapman, mentionedin note 279; see also W.H. Jones & J.E. Jackson, Bradford-on-Avon (1907 edition, Bradford-onAvon) p 121

297 Archives Nationales , Paris: S . 4619, liasse 5, no 126 (printed infra , p. 178); Clifton Diocesan Archives : Vol I, no 27 (BishopWalmesley's note that "my papers giving an accountof these and other things were burnt by the Rioters in Bath, June 9th, 1780"). An unsigned contribution apparentlyby Dr George Oliver of Exeterin The Rambler , 7, p 516 states that a register destroyed in the riotsdatedfromthe reign ofJames II; see Oliver, Collections , pp 55, 538.

299

vicariate298 and other Bath events which might have been entered in the missing register may be discoverable from different sources: the marriage of Appollonia Langdale to the Hon Hugh Clifford,2 the baptisms of Anthony Bedingfield and of two future Benedictines (one of them Prior Peter Kendal, the purchaser of the Downside property)300 the Catholic deaths recorded in other documents and inscriptions,³ 301 the conversions noted in Father Birdsall'sMS account ofthe Bathmission.³302

It was during Father Bradshaw's pastorate that there was aspate of conversions in the Bath area (continued, apparently, under his successors)303 and it was also in his time that the Bell-tree chapel began to be mentioned openly in printed Guide for visitors to Bath; this was as early as 1753, nearly forty years beforethe second CatholicRelief Act officially permitted Catholic worship, and similar announcements continuedtobe made year byyearthereafter. 304.Throughout the eighteenth century the Bath mission had attracted gifts and bequests from the faithful , 305 illegal though such generosity was, and in 1773 the Benedictine Provincial Chapter ordered that a list of benefactors be displayed in the Bell-tree chapel "that prayers may be offered for them and Remembrance of them made at the Altar" . 306 Remembrance by the authoritiesappears to have occasioned no concern

298 299 300

Clifton Diocesan Archives : I, 27;II (boundin vol 1), 40

C.R.S., 4, p 316 (2 May 1780; entry in Holme-on-Spalding-Moor register)

C.R.S., 7, p 209 (Bedingfield baptism, 8 Feb. 1764); Birt, pp 123 (Dom Thomas Bede Bennet, born at Bath 1723), 130 (DomRichardPeter Kendal , born at Bath 1758). For Prior Kendal see also Gillow, IV, pp 11-13; Birt, History of Downside School, p 151. For baptisms in the 1770s see infra , p. 178 301 cf. C.R.S., 12, passim; Davey; Gentleman's Magazine; R.B.A. , E. & P. p 192 (death at Bath, 1729, of Sir Francis Fortescue, Bart. , ofSawston, not mentioned by Davey); E. Castle (ed ) The Jerningham Letters, 1780-1843 (1896) II, p. 401 (Bath death of Miss Frances Nevill, 1772); C.R.S., 7, pp 201, 208, 209, 229-30. 236 (Bedingfield and Jerningham deaths and burials); Foley, VII, p 303 (deathat Bath of Richard Gillibrand, ex-S.J., 23 March 1774; burial-entry, 26 March , in R.B.A., p 459); C.R.S., 2, p 309, note (death at Bath of William Towneley.2 Feb. 1741) See also J.N. Langston, "The Jerninghams of Painswick" in Trans . Bristol & Gloucs Archaeological Society, 83, p 112; R.B.A., pp 427,445

302 Downside MS. 252, pp.64-81.

303 ibid

304 Bath and Bristol Guide (Bath, 1753) p 6; also later issues of thisGuide , The New Bath Guide (1761 onwards) and The Stranger's Assistant and Guide to Bath (Bath, 1773) p 47, all in the magnificentcollectionin Bath Reference Library The second Catholic Relief Act was 31 Geo III, cap 32 (1791) In a modern facsimile of the Bath and Bristol Guide, 1755 (Bath, 1969) the Bell-tree announcement is on p. 16

305 Downside MSS 70 & 252, passim (Mrs Frances Grey's bequest, 1718; Lady Webb, 1739; Mrs Segar; Mr Holman; "Mr Bennet" , probablyDomThomas Bede Bennet O.S.B., for whom see Birt, p 123) See also Fr. Naylor'srecords of "Pious donations" etc. (infra , pp. 171 , 173-6) and note 365

306 DownsideMS 252 , p. 21

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

The incumbent at this time was Dom John Placid Naylor O.S.B. , whose temperament appears to have belied his name-in-religion He spent twenty years in Bath,307 making a number of local converts (and , for his pains, and perhaps his personality, beinghanged in effigy and pelted in the street at Englishcombe ). FatherNaylor seems to have been of a somewhat parsimonious and litigious disposition; he was admonished by the Provincialfor having "left the furniture at Bathin a sad state of decay" , he subsequently tried to evade fulfilling an undertaking to contribute to the establishment of a new chapel and he was for some years at loggerheads with his superiors . 308 In 1776 he left Bath for Cheam , Surrey, 309 and nine years later, followinga series of disputes with the Provincial, Dom Bernard Warmoll, the latter insisted onhisbeingremoved fromthe Province .Hewas thereuponsent toParis where he acted as chaplainto the EnglishBenedictine nuns, taking with him the Bell-tree account-book which he had retainedon leavingBath and which consequentlyescaped the destruction which befell the bulk of the Bell-tree archives at the time of the Gordon Riots in 1780. During the French Revolution he was hauled off, sick and limping, to prison and the account book was confiscated bythe authorities; hence its presence today among the French national archives: the one substantial pre- 1780 source for Bath Catholic history. Father Naylor did not long survive his imprisonment; he was released in December 1794 and died in Paris on 16 January1795.310

Apart from the Bell-tree account-book, the papers of Catholic families record visits to Bath in the second half of the eighteenth century, as well as later, and show that such visitors came both for

307 i.e. from June 1757 to July 1776 (see entries in Bell-tree account-book printed printed in thisvolume)

308 Downside MS 252, pp 79-80 (conversions and repercussions at Englishcombe ); Downside : Allanson , "Biography" , I, pp. 499-501 (accountof Fr. Naylor); Archives Nationales , Paris: S . 4619, liasse 5 , nos 201 & 91: strongly admonitory letters, reflecting prolonged dissatisfaction , from Dom George AugustineWalker (President-General of the English Benedictine Congregation ) to Naylor, 17 & 30 Jan. 1792 respectively , the former referring to "the endless disputes which your attachment to pelf has raised between you and your brethren" . His undertakingto contribute to the Bath chapel is printed infra , p 176. Apparently he made some payment; an undated memorandum in his hand relating to personal possessions , investments etc. during his time in Paris states , "From the above have received sixty pounds and paid the like Sum toCatholic Buildings in Bath" (Arch. Nat., S . 4619, liasse 5, no 29). That Naylor had by no means whollyneglected the furniture and fabric of the Bell-tree House duringhis long stay in Bath is attested by a local builder, Anthony McHugo,in a statement found among Naylor'spapers in Paris and printedinfra., pp 178-80

309 His impendingmove to Cheam is mentioned in Arch. Nat., S . 4619, liasse5, no 158, printedinfra. , pp 181-2 For the Cheam registers, containingmanyentries by Fr.Naylor, see C.R.S., 2, pp 314-37; J.O. Payne, Old English CatholicMissions (1889) pp xx-xxi, 88-97 .

310 C.R.S., 9, p. 402: "The worthy Confessor of the Community, Revd Mr Nayler, forced away even before he was recovered from a fit of sickness, (with Blisters on his legs)" ; Downside : Allanson, loc cit.; Birt, p. 119

medical reasons and to enjoy the social life; these two facets are reflected in a letter written in 1759 by Sir Henry Bedingfield"my state of health being verry bad, I am advised to go to Bath, for which place I sett out tomorrow" and in a note made halfa century later by the wife of Sir Richard, the sixth baronet, alluding to "the nonsense and frivolity of Bath" , 311 while between these dates occur the well documentedvisits of MrsAnne Fenwick, Mrs Jane Huddleston, Mrand Mrs Windsor Heneage and William Mawhood. Mr Heneage (and his brother John) lodged at the Bell-tree House in the 1750s; he returned to Bathmanyyears later, hopingin vain to benefit from the waters,and after his death his widow more than once visited Bath for her health . 312 Mrs Fenwick came at least twice, staying at the Bell-tree House in 1765 and in Milsom Street in 1768313 and though neither Mrs Huddleston nor Mr Mawhoodappears in the pages ofthe Bell-tree account-book the records of their visits showthem participatingtothe full in activities characteristic of Bath in the 1770s; attending the fashionable outdoor breakfasts , playing cards, sampling Bath buns, being carried in sedan chairs to visit friendsor to the theatre,the baths or the Pump Room Jane Huddleston, of the Cambridgeshire recusant family, spent six weeks in the city in the springof 1770 and her visit and the expense it involved are faithfully recorded in her journal.³ Payments included 10s. 6d for the Pumper the official who leased the Pump Room from the Corporation and another 1s 6d. "to the woman and Pumper at Cross Bath"; fifteen shillings a weekwent on lodgings, plus a guinea a week "Board for self and maid" , with additional entries of expenditureon tea, sugar, candles and firing, aswell as on washing and on apples, cakes and wine, while at the end ofher stay Mrs Huddleston paid 1s . 6d. for six weeks' hire of a tea-kettle , provided wine for the servants and left sums of moneyforthe cook undermaid and housemaid . There were also donationsof a quarterofa guinea "att chapel"; one such was for a collection made at the Bell-tree chapel on behalf of the local hospital. On another occasion she gave 5s 6d "to the poor at chapel" and she also records an offering ofhalfa guinea to "to Mr Nailer" , the incumbent 314

Two years later occurred the visit ofWilliam Mawhood, the London woollen-draper, a staunch Catholic and friend of Bishop Challoner . His excursion in the Spring of 1772 combined medicine , pleasure and

311 C.R.S., 7, p 194; E. Castle (ed ) The Jerningham Letters, I,p. 328 .

312 Bell-tree account-book, pp. 129-31 (infra , pp. 130-3); C.R.S., 59 pp 67, 105

313 Bell-treeaccount-book, pp 134, 135 (infra , pp 135, 137) and Mrs Fenwick's lettersfrom Bath , 1765-6 and 1768, intheLancashire CountyRecord Office, Preston (R.C. Hy/B/4). I am most grateful to His Lordship Bishop B.C. Foley of Lancaster for bringing to my notice this material and that cited in the next footnote See also C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p 51 & note372 .

314 Cambridgeshire County Record Office, Shire Hall, Cambridge: Jane Huddleston'sjournal for 1770 (entries from 6 Aprilto 22 May)

316

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

business . 315Itwas undertakenchiefly because ofthe poorhealth ofhis daughter Dorothy, who tookthe waters throughout her stay (herfather drank them for four days, was "taken very ill" at the theatre and then changed over to castor oil). Like Mrs Huddleston's , his diary reflects somethingof the atmosphere of Bath in the 1770s . Mr Mawhood,with his wife, daughter and servant, spent theirfirst night at the White Hart, and took lodgings "at Mrs Bird's in the Grove" , whence they set outto view the architecturethe newly-completed Circus and Crescent are mentioned to visit the Abbey, where Mr Mawhood, an enthusiastic musician , played the organ , and the Pump Room, the old and new Assembly Rooms , the theatre and the Duke of Kingston's Baths, or simply "walked on the Parade" . It is clear that there was no lack of entertainment; there were frequent changes of play at the theatre (he saw six different plays in a week), musical performances (including a concert, Handel's oratorio Judas Maccabeus and a rehearsal of the Messiah), balls, a lottery and "a Publick Breakfast at the Lower Rooms" . Lady Huntingdon's chapel and the new Octagon chapel³17 were visited and Mass and tenebrae were attended at the Bell-tree chapel. On Easter Sunday the Mawhoods were in the congregation to hear Bishop Walmesley preach at the eight o'clock Mass and after this they went tothe Abbey to observe the mayor.A business trip to Frome was also fitted in, as well as a journey to Bristol, wherethe dockyard and cathedral were much admired and the fashionableHotwells³ visited. The Mawhoods ' sojourn in Bath lasted four crowdedweeks - too crowded, perhaps, for Mr Mawhoodhimself who, a week before his return to London, wrote feelingly to his daughter Mariathat he "would very Gladly Exchange London for this place, neither should I have stayed so long here but for your Sister and the rather ocwardaffairof travelling back so many Miles by my Self in the precarious situation of my health .... Mr Beatymaywell be surprised at my stayinBath , but my Complimentsto him, and let him know itwill I believe be sometime before he sees me make anothersuch Excursion".3 He did, however, visit Bath again, fleetingly, in 1787 and appears as a godparent at a baptism intheCatholicchapel. 320

319

518

315

TheMawhoodDiary, ed E.E. Reynolds (C.R.S., 50) pp 50-4

316 cf. E.E. Reynolds , "Some Catholic Musicians of the 18th Century" in Biographical Studies (nowR.H.) 1 , pp. 149-56 .

317 Opened 1767, closed 1895 one of severalproprietory chapels in Bath,for which see W.J. Jenkins, "History of the Proprietory Chapels of Bath" (M.A. thesis, Bristol, 1948) chap 2 & passim; also W. Ison, Georgian Buildings ofBath (1948) pp 72-3 & plate 23

318 cf. V. Waite, The Bristol Hotwell (Historical Association , Bristol branch, 1960)

319 C.R.S., 50, p 54.

320 ibid. , p. 253 and Reg. 1 (baptismal entry, 22 Dec. 1787) Many of the persons mentioned in this volume occur also in the mission-registers (see next volumeand index thereto).

One sidelights on Catholic life in Bath occurin thefamilypapers of the Arundells and Stonors. From the former comes the echo of an eighteenth-century romance , in the reminiscences of an old secular priest , the Rev. John Smith (or Smyth), as he describes the meeting between Thomas Arundell (second son of the sixth Lord Arundell of Wardour) and the lady he subsequently married:"He thinks he heard Mrs. Arundell declare it was believed that she was the Daughterof a Dr. Beaufort, an eminent Physician in those Days; Dr. Beaufort by his will bequeathed her £2,000. Mr. Arundell became acquainted with her at Bath She was very young and very pretty. Mr. Arundell fell in love with her and, though much older, marriedher privately the marriage was kept secret for a longtime, and was publicly divulged in consequence of a severe illness with which Mr. Arundell was attacked. Mrs. Arundell was originally a Protestant, but afterwards became a convert to the Catholic faith. With the sum of £2,000 bequeathed to her by Dr. Beaufort, she purchased a house, no 18 Paragon Buildings, Bath, which she devised to Mr. Thomas Arundell, a natural son of her husband's . "321

The younger Thomas Arundell was described as "of Paragon Buildings" when he took, in Bath, the oath laid down in the first Catholic Relief Act (1778);32 322 he subsequently settled at Bowden Hill, near Chippenham , Wilts , with Mr Smith as his chaplain and was there in 1783 when, reported the Anglican incumbent, "a Priest resides with him, name of Smith" , while a report from Wootton Bassett added that Mr Arundell's chaplain paid occasional visits to a Catholic familyin that town. Thomas Arundell died unmarried in the following year and 323

321 "Particulars ... relatingto the Honble Thomas Arundel& MaryMitchel his wife ... communicated by the Revd Smith" (MS , Aug. 1814 , among the Arundell of Wardour muniments . I am grateful to John Arundell Esq for permission to see these before they were removed fromthe munimentroom at Wardour Castle) Although this documentand various genealogiessuggestthat Mrs Arundell's maiden name was Mitchell, she appears to have believed herselfto be Dr Beaufort'sdaughter; Arundell muniments : MS pedigree dated 23 Sept. 1826; J.J. Howard & H.S. Hughes, Genealogical Collections Illustrating the History of the Roman Catholic Families of England, part III, pp 152, 205; E. DoranWebb (ed .) Notes by the 12th Lord Arundell of Wardour on the Family History (privately printed, 1916) p 74. Thesegive MrsArundell'sChristian name as Ann, as did her epitaph at StPancras in 1778 (one of manycommemorating Catholics, including a eulogistic one of her husband who had died in 1752) See F.T. Cansick, A Collection of Curious and Interesting Epitaphs ... in the Ancient Church and Burial Grounds of St Pancras (1869) p 43 (both Arundell inscriptions), also W.E. Brown, St Pancras Open Spaces and Disused Burial Grounds, including a List of Intermentsof EminentPersons (2nd edition, revised, 1911); Howard & Hughes, op cit , p 178 .

322 Originalcertificateamong Arundell muniments(Box "Recusancy II"). 323 M. Ransome (ed ), Wiltshire Returns to the Bishop's Visitation Queries , 1783 (Wilts Record Society , 27) pp 62, 244. See also V.C.H. , Wilts , III, p 93 and C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 117, 236& index (Cruse family).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

was buried in Bath Abbey324 and it was thirty years later that his former chaplain, now seventy-five years of age, recounted the story quotedabove . 32's

The Bell-tree accounts record three visits betwen 1759 and 1768 by John Stonor, who subsequently settled in Queen Square, whence he correspondedwith his nephew Charles at Stonor, Oxfordshire . 326 His letters contain such typically eighteenth -century passages as "When I was in town I did myselfthe pleasure of drinking a DishofCoffeewith Mrs Giffard; she had that day been bled for a very bad cold that had teased her much . 327 Other letters, adds the late Dom JulianStonor in his historyof the family, "refer, rather disparagingly to fair ladies on horseback and romantic elopements , one fromunderhis own roof".328 Charles Stonor also spent much time in Bath; he and his family werein the city at the time of the Gordon Riots which made a deep and frightening impression upon the mind of the youngestson , Henry, then aged six, who wrote many years later, "In the dead of night I was obliged to get up hastily and was led by my father to York House , where we all passed the remainder ofthe night, and earlynext morning we set off for Stonor, leaving the Catholic Chapel in flames.³329 These reminiscences suggest that the Stonors may have been stayingat oneof the "tenements adjoining"which the rioters set on fire after havingfirst attackedthe newchapel.³330

This group of buildings reflected the enterprise of Dom Bede Brewer , who had come to Bath in place of Father Naylor and who at once made plans for expansion . In March 1777 , fourteen years before the second Catholic Relief Act permitted the existence of Catholic chapels, he was able to publish a long list of subscribers, accompanied by an appeal forfurther donationswhich is guardedlyworded to avoid any direct mention either of Catholicism or of a new place ofworship: "As it is very well known that many inconveniences attend the Belltree House, and that it is found muchtoo small for its usual purposes, it is hoped that the proposal of a subscriptionfor raising a morespacious and convenient building for the same end, will meet with the approbation of the gentlemen , Ladies and others, residing in Bath, as well as of the nobility and gentry in other parts of the Kingdom, most of

324 325 DoranWebb, loc cit.; Reg 1 (entry dated 31 March1784)

i.e. the Rev. John Smith who died in 1817, aged 78, while attached to the Portuguese Embassy in London (Oliver, p 413; C.R.S., 56, p 172, note4).

326 J. Stonor, Stonor, pp 289, 293.

327 ibid , p. 293

328 ibid

329 ibid , p.295. Charles Stonordied in the following year (1781) and his widow married the Catholic lawyer, Thomas Canning of Bath (Stonor, op cit , p. 296) who was one of the signatories of a protest to Bishop Walmesley against the discipliningof Dom Joseph Wilks in 1791; see Reg 1 , note 1 , also B. Ward ,The Dawn ofthe Catholic Revival in England (1909) I, pp 330-1

330 Bath Chronicle , 15 June 1780. See also infra. , pp. 69 , 70 .

"331 whom have , at one time or another, occasion to visit this place. " Among those who had alreadycontributed were the Duke of Norfolk and Lords Arundell and Stourton, together with members of many leading Catholic families: Stonor, Vaughan , Dicconson, Hornyold, Meynell, Mannock, Bedingfield and others These offerings exceeded a thousand pounds; the Benedictine Order gave £200 and advanced another£758 and a further loan came fromDom John AnselmGeary in return for an annuity from the South Province 332 Thusunderwritten , Father Brewer went ahead with his plans, purchasing and renovating three houses in St James's Parade and adding a new building on the adjoining corner, extending down the passage on the west side of St James's burial ground333 These premises contained a chapelwhich communicated with Father Brewer's apartments in the neighbouring house . The properties were expected to yield an incomein place of the Bell-tree House - partly, at least, fromCatholic tenants , one suite being "very elegantly furnished for the occasional residence of Lord Arundell".3334

But ProvincialWarmoll was no more enthusiastic about this undertaking than his predecessor had been about Father Naylor's alleged economies ; the heavy involvement of the Province in such "wild schemes and follies" prompted him to arrange for Father Brewer's removal to a northern mission and for Dom Michael Pembridge to succeed him in Bath.335 However, the changes were completed before Father Brewer's departure and on page 36 of The NewBathGuidefor 1780 there is mentioned "an elegant Roman Catholic chapel, lately built, near St James's Parade" This is the only issue of the Guideto refer to itfor in the sameyear, two days beforeit was to be opened for public worship, the new chapel was so severely damaged in the Gordon Riots that it had to be abandoned and the Bell-tree chapel used again. The grounds for providing more spacious premisesthe rapidly rising Catholic population of Bath, with its substantialIrish element336 were doubtless among the reasons for the "no-popery" agitationwhich wrecked them (anotherfactor mayhave been the morepublic natureof the chapel) and, although the local newspapers sought to protect the city's good name by implying that the disturbance was the work of emissaries of the London rioters, this is not borneout by the evidence;

Downside MSS. , Box 8, documentA . 415, printed infra., pp 105-6 . ibid , & Downside MS 252, pp 25-6. See also note 284 . BathReference Library: Hunt Collection, vol 3 , p 8. Seefrontispiece

334 Bath Chronicle , 15 June 1780

335 Downside : Allanson, "Biography" , II, p 134 & note 2. Fr. Brewer subsequently had a distinguished career, becoming President-General of the English Benedictines in 1799; cf. Allanson , II, pp 133-50; Birt, p 133; J.C. Almond, History of Ampleforth Abbey (1903) chaps 26-9; J. McCann & C. Cary-Elwes, Ampleforth and Its Origins (1952) pp 209-14 , 218-9 .

336 See infra., p. 76. Other sources for this paragraph are those listed in note 338.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

the Mayor discounted the suggestion337 and the same issuesofboth papers contain an official appeal (also distributed as a handbill) for information about a man with a patch over one eye who was formerly employed as a milk-carrier in Bath and who was prominent in the disorder . The onlyincitementfrom London appearsto have been in the scrawls of "No Popery" all over coaches arriving from the capital Similar slogans were chalked on doors and elsewhere in Bath and bets werelaid that the Catholic chapel would be attacked.

More conspicuous then the one-eyed milkmanand later hanged as the ringleader (the only local rioter executed , and believed by some to be but a scapegoat)was a Bath footman, John Butler, employedby Mr Winthrop Baldwin of the Royal Crescent, who, while waiting at table, had heard "some of the Company express himself (sic .) in a Mannerwhich reflectedupon the inhabitants of Bath as nothavingthe spirit to imitate those in London" and who, naively distinctive in his blue livery, had gathered "a heap of boys" and set out to emulatethe London rioters.³338

It was in the late afternoon of Friday, 9 June 1780 , that Butlerhad led the way, to the music of a fife and accompanied by a growingand increasinglynoisy mob, towardsthe newchapel Just beforereachingit they encounteredFather Brewer who they insulted and followed, using aggressivelanguage. Before they could turn from threats to assault,he broke away and ran for shelter to a shoemaker's in Stall Street but realising that he was exposing the friendly shoemaker (Mr Cottell , a non-Catholic) to the fury of the mob, he ran up Stall Street and through the Abbey Churchyard to the Guildhall, only to be refused admission . Rather than stand on the steps arguing, an easy prey forhis pursuers, he dashed into a nearbyinn and thence was enabled to escape through a back door and across the riverwhich assistancewas repaid by Catholic patronage of the inn (the White Lion) for many years afterwards.333 Cheated of their quarry, the mob returned to St James's

337 G. Rudé, "The Gordon Riots: A Study of the Rioters and theirVictims" (reprinted from Trans. RoyalHistoricalSociety, 5thseries , VI, 1956) in Paris and London in the 18th Century (1970) p. 291, note 95, citing P.R.O., S.P.37/21, ff. "155-6" (actually 125-6, printed infra , pp 188-90)

338 Apart from the newspaper account cited in note 340, sourcesfor this and thenext paragraph are: P.R.O., S.P.37/20& 21 ,passim (printedinfra, pp 184-99); Bath City Archives : Council Book no. 9 (27 June 1780); Downside MS. 252 , pp. 27-31 (accounts by Frs Brewer, Pembridge and Birdsall); BathReference Library: cuttingsin volumeofmiscellanea, "BathEvents etc." , I, pp 1-7 ; Bath Journaland Bath Chronicle , 12 & 15 June 1780 respectively ; C. Barrett (ed ) Diary and LettersofMadame D'Arblay (Fanny Burney) I (1904) pp 421-7; H.L. Piozzi (Mrs Thrale), Letters to and from Samuel Johnson (2 vols , 1788) pp 146-52 Onthe reliability of Mrs Thrale's letters , see R.W. Chapman (ed ) The Lettersof Samuel Johnson (1952) II, p 371, note 5; III, AppendixC. See also R.E. Peach, Historic Houses in Bath and their Associations , first series (1883) p. 26 & note 1 and supra., note 297 (Bishop Walmesley's memorandum )

339 The inn stood close to the Guildhall, on the spotnow occupied bytheCity Educationand Finance Depts (BathReference Library: PhotographicCollection,

Parade where a boybroke one ofthe windows and was reprovedbythe occupant perhaps a Catholic of an adjoining house A contemporary report, "syndicated" to newspapers outside London , 340 traces the escalation of the affair: "a number of People gathered together, took the Boy's Part, and threw the man over a Wall into St James's Church-Yard . " Whether he was the gentleman mentioned by Mrs Thrale, of whom the mob declared, "he must be the Pope, becausehe lodged on St James's Parade, and had a nightgownwith gold flowers in it" is not apparent The newspapers continue, "They then proceeded to demolishingthe Windows and Doors, and entering the Chapel, threw everything that was moveable into the Street, and burnt them While this was transacting a Party of the Bath Volunteers came armed , and endeavoured to disperse the Mob; one of them fired and killed an Ostler. This, instead of having the desired Effect, served onlyto enrage them still more. They immediately set Fire to the Chapel, which in a short Time was burnt down, togetherwith six or seven newbuilt houses adjoining, the Property of Roman Catholics." Mr Thrale, falsely reputed to be a papist, was thought to be in danger and a number of Catholics, carrying their possessions with them, fled from the city duringthe night.

After removingall that they could lay their hands on (including the clothes, books and papers of BishopWalmesley) the rioters, like their London counterpartsturned to the cellars and emptiedthe barrels and bottles they found there . The civic authorities, a little bolder thanthose of the capital, had at least read the Riot Act and sent in the Volunteers but the size and temper of the mob, working, as FannyBurneyput it, "with great composure " and keepingthe fires blazing during the night (they had begun about 9 p.m.), decided the Mayor and Corporationto summon reinforcements and when the Queen's Dragoons and the HerefordshireMilitia (from Wells and Devizes respectively) converged on Bath early the following morning they were able to see the flames from the high ground surrounding the city. If the majority of the rioters had not already dispersed, the arrival of the troops probably thinned them out and by the Monday (12 June) the BathJournal was able to report, "By the disposition of the troops and peace officers, everything here is perfectly quiet" It was not only in Bath itselfthat "no-popery" agitation made itself felt; it also affected the nearby village of Camertonwhere the convert Coombs family had a chapel in their Meadgate house; however , the mob were dispersed before they could attack it. 341

H.3) There seem to be no grounds for Oliver's mentionof theGreyhoundInn in this connection(Collections , p 57)

340 e.g. General Advertiser and Morning Intelligencer , 13 June 1780; York Courant , 20 June 1780

341 Oliver, pp. 271-2; D.R.; March 1913, pp 13-14 On the Coombs (or Coombes) family see also J. Skinner, Journal ofa Somerset Rector, 1803-34(ed H. & P. Coombs , Bath, 1971) passim. and Downside MS 252, pp 64-76. This

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

After the rioting Father Brewer returned to Bath; he was back before the end of June (he performed a baptism on the 27th) andwas living at the Bell-tree House in Novemberwhen further violencewas threatened , 342 but early in the following year his successor , Father Pembridge , arrived, to be joined in 1784 by John Cuthbert Simpson Meanwhile the Benedictines (through Thomas Throckmorton, the technical owner of the property) had brought an action against the Hundred of Bath and at Taunton Assizes in March 1781 Judge Perryn awarded them the sum of £3,089 17s . 10%d. in respect ofthe chapel "and buildingsadjoining" withan additional £650 for loss of goods, furnishingsetc., plus costs of £941 3s 2d That some ofthe adjoining accommodationhad been let is clear from the fact that part of the compensation (£244) was for loss of rent.3 The gutted buildings were subsequently sold and another house was acquiredon the opposite side of St James's Parade, with a long garden communicatingwith the rear of a new chapel which the Benedictines later opened in Corn Street. This was in 1786; in the meantimethe Bell-tree House continued to be used and it was from here that Father Pembridge's successor, Dom William Jerome Digby, wrote a singular letter to Bishop Walmesley, desiring him to move out: "Mr Digby's respects to Mr Walmesley and begs leave to acquainthisLordship, that asheis determinedupon having no Lodgers in his house at Bath, his Lordship would be pleased to seek out a convenient lodging elsewhere forthe month of instant of thereabouts , in case Mr Digby is obliged to remain in the Bell Tree House But should he happen to remove to St James's Parade his Lordshipmay be welcome of the Bell-tree upon articles tobe settled It's begged, moreover , that this disclosure ofMr Digby's settled resolution be accepted with the same candour as he presents it. "345

344

edition ofthe Rev. John Skinner'sjournal supersedesthe one published in 1930 (ed H. Coombs & A.N. Bax) covering the period 1822 to 1832 only Two eminent members of the Coombs family were William, the elder, Grand Vicar of the Western District, and his nephew, William Henry, D.D., whowrote an account of his escape after the closure ofDouai College duringtheFrenchRevolutionand who served for many years at Shepton Mallet, Somerset For both, see C.R.S., 63, pp. 394-5 and works there cited; also Oliver, pp 271-4; E. Castle (ed .) The Jerningham Letters, 1780-1843 (1896) I, p 326, and, for Dr W.H. Coombs , the D.N.B.

342 P.R.O., S.P.37/20, 362 (printed infra , pp 198-9); Reg 1 (baptismal entry) The Bell-tree House was threatened , and evacuated, in the June rioting (P.R.O., S.P.37/21, 68-71, printed infra., pp 185-8). Fr. Brewer's last register-entry was dated 6 Jan. 1781 (Reg. 1).

343 "Mr Pembridge came to settle at the Bell Tree House, Bath Jany 8. 1781 ... " (Reg 1); Birt, p 114; Downside : Allanson, "Biography" , I, p.477. Fr. Simpson was sent to Bathon health-grounds in 1784 and died there in 1785 (Reg 1: entry for 1 Nov.)

344 Particulars of actionfrom BathReference Library: Hunt Collection, III, p 8 , and fromDownside MS 252, pp 27-31, which shows one of the lodgers to have been a Mrs Porter

345 Clifton Diocesan Archives : II, no 24 (copy ofDigby's letter, dated 3 Feb.

Clearly, such a communicationmust have made for strained relations,if itdid notreflect themwhich it probably did346and the two men did not remain much longer under the same roof, for a month later Bishop Walmesley was writing to his coadjutor, Bishop Sharrock ,from his new house in Chapel Row "whereI hope to find morehappiness" . He adds that he had sent a copy of Father Digby's note to the Provincial, "who came directly to Bath, highly exasperated against Mr Digby; they had a warm debate upon it. "347 The upshot was the removal of the candid Father Digby and his replacement by Dom Joseph Cuthbert Wilks348 scarcely a luckyexchange in view ofthe subsequent dispute between Wilks and Walmesley , leading to the former's expulsion from Bath for putting his name to the Catholic Committee'smanifestoof 17 February1791.349

By the time of Wilks's arrival on 3 October 1786 the house in St James's Parade (no. 13, now no. 12) was in use and the change of houses was accompanied bythe openingofthe newCorn Street chapel, described some years later in a local Guide as follows: "The Roman Catholic Chapel, in Corn Street, is well furnished with seats , has a gallery with commodiouspews; a fine altar, with an elegant paintingof our Saviour dying on the Cross , over it Here is Divine Service every Sundayat seven, nine and eleven. "350 For five years Wilksofficiated at the CornStreetchapel and for most of this time he had the companyof Dom Hugh Jerome Heatley who arrived in 1787 but whose principal duties may have related to the Catholics of the surroundingarea , since he was later described as "Resident for the Out-Mission' Upon Wilks's departureFather Pembridge returned to Bath but in the Spring 351

1786, incorporated in a letter from Walmesley to Bishop GregorySharrock , 6 March 1786).

346 Downside : Allanson, "Biography" , II, p 162: description of Digby as "superciliously scrupulous and censorious ... long a cause ofgreat concern tohis Superiors and of annoyance to those who came incontactwithhim "

347 Clifton Archives , loc cit The Provincial was still Dom John Bernard Warmoll(in office, 1777-1805 ; Birt, pp 127 , 343)

348 Clifton Archives : II, no 32 (Walmesley to Sharrock , 2 Oct. 1786: "Mr Warmoll has just been here to settle Mr Wilks and soon Mr Digby is to be removed"). For Digby's subsequent movements see Allanson, loc cit.; Birt, p. 135 and Fr. W. Vincent Smith'sCatholicTyneside (n.d. ? pub Newcastle, 1930) p 71 Seealso Reg. 1 (entry for 30 Oct. 1786).

349 Ward, Dawn ofthe CatholicRevival , passim

350 Historic and Local New Bath Guide (1802). The building later housed the Bath and Bathforum Free School (Original Bath Guide, 1836, pp. 111-2) and subsequently the People's Mission The St James's Parade house retained for many years a pane of stained glass above the inner door, depictingSt John holding a chalice (Archives at St John's Presbytery , South Parade, Bath: MS . "Chronicle of Catholic History in Bath" by the late Miss C.D. Murray, p 41 & photograph facingp 42)

351 Downside : Allanson , "Biography" , I, p 490 ; Archives Nationales , Paris: S . 4619, liasse 5, no 26: list ofBenedictine addresses , 1789 (penultimatefigure of date damaged, but confirmedfrom other sources; e.g. Allanson and Birt).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

of 1792 he lost Father Heatley, who died of typhus fever . 352 Father Pembridge left later in the same year though he reappeared, in retirement, towards the turn of the century and died at Bath, aged 82, in 1806 and Dom Ralph Ainsworth arrived ; he remained over twenty years, duringwhich the chapel was transferred fromCorn Street to (old) Orchard Street. While the Corn Street chapel was in use the house in St James's Parade continued as the presbyteryand here Father Ainsworth was joined by a succession of fellow-Benedictines : Henry Lawson (1793-1800), James Calderbank (1800-1805 ), John Bede Rigby (1805-6) and John Augustine Birdsallwho came in 1806and departed three years later to found the Cheltenhammission It was in the latter year (1809) that the Bath chapel was transferred to Orchard Street , where Father Ainsworth was rejoinedby Father Calderbank , backfrom Liverpoolfor a second periodin Bath.

Apart from the Benedictines attached to the Bath mission , other priests were in the city in the eighteenthand early nineteenth centuries as chaplains to Catholic residents or as visitors Theformer includedthe Throckmortons (who employed the Bath architect, John Wood the younger, to build their new house at Bucklandin 1757), the Berkeleys of Spetchley at no 3 Pulteney Street, the Plowdens with a house in Gay Street and the Sheldons and Smythes in Queen Square and the Queen's Parade respectively35353 all of them prominent Catholic families among whom private chaplains may have been found A Jesuit, Father John Musson, was staying at the Bell-tree House (or usingit as an accommodation address) between 1727 and 1734354 and in 1735 a secular priest Robert Bowes, or Lane, died at Bath,35 while other priest-visitors included the chaplains accompanying Catholic families,3 a Franciscan³57 a Cistercian , ³ various Benedictine

352 Allanson, loc cit.; Reg 1 (1792 mortuary list); Clifton Archives , IV, no 99 (Pembridge to Bishop Sharrock, 23 June 1791, informing him of his arrivalin Bath on 5 May "to supply Mr Cowley's place") Perhaps Dom William Gregory Cowley of Marlboroughhad been supplyingin Bathfor a shorttime. For him and for the priests mentionedin this paragraph, see Birt and Oliver, passim.; also Reg. 1 & Reg 2

353 Davey, p 94. See also Status Animarum and Easter Duties lists for 1792 (both in Reg. 1) for many more addresses For Buckland, Berks , see two articles by L.Weaver in Country Life, 15 & 22 May 1915

354 C.R.S., 13, p 185; Foley, VII, p 535 ; C.R.S., 62, passim.

355 C.R.S., 12, p. 4; Oliver , p. 245; F.J.A. Skeet, The Life of James, 3rd Earl, and ofCharles, 5th Earl ofDerwentwater(1929) pp. 139-40.

356 C.R.S. Monograph 2, p. 158; infra., p. 137 & note 35 (Fairfaxes ofGilling, Yorks. and their chaplain , DomAnselmBolton O.S.B.)

357 Thomas Eccles O.F.M. , staying at the Bell-tree House in 1764; see infra , pp 135-6; Thaddeus, The Franciscans in England (1898) p 176

358 S.R.O., Q/R . Register ofJesuits and other Religious pursuant to 10 Geo . IV, cap. VII: Fr. J.V. Barber, Cistercian , in Bath (his "usual-residence") in June 1832 This register (1829-32) contains 20 names: Fr. Barber and Dom RalphCooper O.S.B. (Bath), 15 for Downside and 3 for Taunton

360

dignitaries and successive Jesuit Provincials , perhaps seeing their confrères who were stationed in the south-west.3359 Father John Scudamore S.J. was granted twenty pounds from Jesuit funds in December 1774 "for the Distresse at Bath, etc." and two other Jesuits, Fathers James Jenison and Christopher More were listed as being at "Mr. Porter's" and at "Mr Dalton's" respectively.³ The Daltonshad moved to Bath, probably withtheir chaplain (MrsDalton's brother) and the Porters had recently returnedfromthe Continentwith theirs . 362 Fathers Jenison and More were in Bath by 1769 and both died there , 363 as did the latter's elderbrother ThomaslastProvincial ofthe EnglishJesuits beforethe supp . ession of the Society in 1773who spent the finaltwo years of his life at Bath, where he made hiswill in 1795. He left the bulk of his estate of over £2,000 to his widowed sister, Mrs BridgetDalton, but legaciesalso went to anothersister , Mary (prioress of the English Augustinian nuns of Bruges, then temporarily exiled in their native land), to his nephew William Dalton and to his nieces Lady Fitzgerald and Teresa Metcalf, widow, both ofBath . 364A

361

359 The Provincials were Frs Philip Carteret and Nathaniel Elliott. To the former, Bishop York wrote from Bath in December 1753: "It was a sensible mortification to me that I had not the pleasure of an hour's conversation with you beforeyou left these parts" (Foley, V, p 165) while the latter'spresence in Bath in 1767 (when Ralph Hoskins became a professed Father of theSocietyof Jesus and Fr. John Scudamore S.J. was paid his expenses for thejourney from Bristol to Bath) is reflected in a documentin the Jesuit Archives , Farm St., "Old College of St Francis Xavier" (the Jesuit district which included Somerset) pt. III, f.49. For visiting Benedictines, see the Bell-tree account-book, here printed, and notes thereto

360 Jesuit Archives , loc cit For Fr. Scudamore, see Oliver, p 408 ; C.R.S., 3, p 181; Foley, VII, p 694. A cryptic entry in the Jesuit accounts for themid-1770s reads "For treatingfive Brothersfrom Bath£1 1s . Od. " (Jesuit Archives,loc cit )

361 Jesuit Archives , Farm St., "Catalogi Varii Provinciae Angliae"(transcripts): lists for the College of St Francis Xavier, 1772, 1773; see also Reg. 1 for Status Animarum list (1782) showing Fr. Jenison with Mr and Mrs Porter. For thispriest see Foley, VII, p 399; H. Chadwick, St Omer's to Stonyhurst(1962) passim., J. Berkeley, Lulworth and the Welds (Gillingham, Dorset , 1971) passim., C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 158-9. For the Daltons , originally of York, see C.R.S. Monograph 2, pp 277-8 , 283 ("Mr M., reputed priest" , aged 40, at York in 1767), 389 , where theirYork chaplain is said to havebeen Thomas, not ChristopherMore.The former was born in 1722; the latter in 1729, which comes rather closer to the 1767 report of a priest then aged forty and Christopherwas the Daltons' chaplain in Bath For both see Foley, VII, pp 517 , 520-1 and, for Mrs Dalton , C.R.S., 12, p 62; C.R.S., 35, p 3; Davey, p. 71.

362 i.e.Fr. Jenison (Berkeley, op cit. , p 190)

363 Jesuit Archives , Farm St., "Catalogue" (St Francis Xavier) 1769, showing both in Bath but not giving actual addresses as the later lists, cited in note 361 , do Fr. More died in 1781 and Fr. Jenison in 1797 (Foley, VII, pp. 399, 517; R.B.A., p 468; Reg. 1)

364 JesuitArchives , Farm St., "Old College ofSt Francis Xavier" , pt 1 , no 13 (attested copy of will); Foley, VII, p. 521. For Mother Mary Augustina More see C.S. Durrant, A Link Between Flemish Mystics and English Martyrs (1925) pp 357-411 . Lady Fitzgeraldand Mrs Teresa Metcalf are among theCatholics taking

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

later house-chaplaincy , held by an eminent secular priest , William Coombs the elder (Grand Vicar of the Western District), was with the widowed Mrs Sarah Chetwynd who died in 1811365 and another , perhaps, with a Mrs Hartzinck , ³ 366 while Mass was also said at no . 13 , Pulteney Street, whence Lady Jerningham wrote on Christmas Day 1808, "We have had Prayers at home, for it is impossible to get intothe Chapel. Iwas left last Sunday the whole time on the stairs. "567

Bath Catholicism at this time possessed a vivid eye-witness in the recipient of the letter just quoted, Lady Bedingfield, whose lively comments recall the world of Jane Austen's novels: the marriageable daughters, young officers on leave, imperiouselderlyladies, "persons of family , but poor" , though some of Lady Bedingfield'scommentsare more caustic than those Miss Austen would have allowed herself.36.8

Two ofthe Misses Ferrars, for example , are described as follows: "the Eldest not Young, very sensible and pleasing; anothercracked",while a Miss Wroughton is set down as "the famous Evergreen of Bath; not at all pleasing, but certainly wonderfully well looking forher age" .Onthe whole, though, the remarks are shrewd and quite kindly, as in the case ofMr O'Brien, "an old officer of the Irish Brigade in France, retiredat the beginning of the Revolution and married Mrs Weld of Lulworth's sister. He is the most pleasing Elegant old man I ever met with; people find him too slow and formal; I think him quite fascinating" , or Mrs Blount, "a little fair crooked lively creature, Sister to Mrs Clifford, much beloved by her family; ofcourse amiable" . The comments"sings delightfully" or "a good musician " , together with mention of a drawing-master, recall that singing and drawingwere accomplishments expected of young ladies in this leisured and genteel worldbut others inhabited darker worlds, more shadowy, or even shady, like the ubiquitous and fraudulent Frenchman who posed as, among other things, a Franciscan friar and who turns up in Bathearlyin George III's reign, ³ while the note, "attended two sick men in Walcot workhouse" or the death of an aged convert, Thomas Clark, "in his miser-

369 the oath at Bath in 1791. following the second Catholic Relief Act, as is Mrs Bridget Dalton(BathCity Archives , no 272, printed infra., pp 107-9) Fr.Thomas More was at Bath in September 1787 for thechristeningof Lady Fitzgerald'sson (Reg 1)

365 Mrs Chetwyndleft over £300-worth ofinvestments to the BathMission , "the Interest ... to be paid to her chaplain Mr Coombes until his death, which happened in 1822" (Downside MS 252, p 44) See also Reg 1 (death-entry) and infra., pp 205, 206, 223 (Coombs at Mrs Butler'sin 1817);also p. 226 .

366 Seeinfra , p 206 (Baines'sJournal, 7 Oct. 1817)

367 E. Castle (ed ) The Jerningham Letters, 1780-1843 (1896) I, p 331; also p. 324.

369

368 ibid, pp 325-31 : Lady Bedingfield'slist of "Acquaintances made at Bath 1808 (when on a visit to my dear father)" . Herfatherwas SirWilliamJerningham and her mother the Lady Jerningham mentionedin the previous paragraph (ibid, pp xlv-li, followed by genealogical table) For Miss Wroughton , see Reg 2, note 11 Cal. Home Office Papers, 1770-2, pp 77-8 (he left Bathin March1767).

70

able hut oppositethe Red Lion Inn on Odd Down,near Bath" , " serve as reminders of the darkness outside the social spotlight.TheAnglican return for 1767 affordsfurther glimpses ofhumblepapists, as well as of others more prosperous :371 a labourer whose wife is described as a beggar, a "Servant out ofplace" , a pedlar-woman , severallaundresses ,a nailer and his wife, a barber's apprentice and a spinster who "worksat her Needle" , while other employmentsreflect the world whose needs they served: a lodging-house keeper, several tailors and shoemakers , a linen-draper, a musician , a "Perfumer" , a "Statuary" and numerous servants No names are given and no priests are mentioned , ³ 372 unless the "Mathematician" in St James's parish (where the Bell-tree House stood) aged forty-eight and resident ten years in Bath is Bishop Walmesley who had attained great eminence in the fieldsofastronomy and mathematics , belonged to the Royal Society and had been consulted by the government over the reform of the calendar in 1751.By 1767 he was in his forty-sixth year and had in fact arrived in Bath ten years earlier, following his consecration in Rome in December 1756.373

The late Father Julian Stonor described eighteenth-century Bath as "a veritable Mecca for Catholics"374 and, to the numerous Catholic visitorswho had longfrequentedthe expandingcity, therewas added in the second half of the century a rapidly growing resident element A striking feature of the 1767 return is that only three adults are shown as Bath-born; of the 165 reported in Bath (with Lyncombe &

370 Baines's Journal, 11 Sept. 1817, printed in this volume, and Nottingham Journal, 5 Nov. 1803. I am grateful to Mr K.M. MacGrath for the latter item. 371 House of Lords Record Office: Bath & Wells return, 1767 (Deanery of Bath , printedinfra , pp 101-5) The four Bath parishes of Ss Peter & Paul (theAbbey),St James, Lyncombe & Widcombe and Walcot contained 165 papists out of 383 reported in the whole diocese (House of Lords return; also LambethPalace Library, BZ 1B/1/1: diocesan total) A fifth Bath parish, St Michael's, omitted from the 1767 return, is stated in another document to have had 25 papists in 1767 and "not so many 1776" (S.R.O., DD/Visitation Records: "Diocese Book" , undated , p 11) In this document and in the 1767 returns small numbers of papists are to be found in rural parishes a short distance from Bath (e.g. Camerton , Freshford , Kelston, Newton St Loe, Norton StPhilip) while East and West Harptree, rather farther afield, were debited with nine, all recent arrivals . In Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, places dependent on the Bath mission such as Fairford, Bitton, Horton and ChippingSodbury(for which see supra , p 60), Box, Holt and Bradford-on-Avon occur in the House ofLords' returnsfor the dioceses of Gloucester and Salisbury (also draft of the latter in Salisbury Diocesan Record Office: Returns of Papists, Box 1 , tabulated in C.R.S. Monograph 1 , Appendix D) Altogether theplaces named above add rathermorethan a hundred papists to the Bath total of 190, makingthe Bell-tree clergy responsible for some 300 souls in 1767 .

372 No entry appears to represent Father Naylor, then aged43 and resident ten years (Birt , p 119).

373 Oliver, p 429; D.N.B.; W. Mazière Brady, Annalsof the CatholicHierarchy (Rome, 1877) pp 298-9 , etc.

374 Stonor, A CatholicSanctuary in the Chilterns (Newport, Mon, 1951) p 289

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Widcombe and Walcot) more than a hundred had come into the city since the start of the decade and almost all the others had arrived at different times in the preceding thirty-odd years Therewas a neardoubling of the Catholic population between 1767 and 1781 which again must have owed much to immigration, some ofit from Ireland via Cardiffand Bristol; in the early 1780s many Irish surnames occurinthe Bell-tree register and by 1785 well over a hundred(morethana quarter of those in the Easter Status Animarum list) were Irish . 375 But if increased Catholic settlement was accompanied by a rise in the number of Catholic visitors, this is not reflected in the account-book of the Bell-tree House; possibly Father Naylor's personalityand shortcomings in the qualityofthe accommodationduring his stewardship (1757-76) may have had something to do with this . 376

The Anglican return of papists for 1780-81 , which gives 373 for Bath and Walcot and only another 175 in the rest of the diocese , provides no particulars of individuals though it mentions a Catholic school , no longer in the Bell-tree House but at Walcot "where, besides the Children of Popish Parents, there are several ProtestantChildren, and in particular one Family of Anabaptistsand one of Quakers" , 377 but from that point onwards ample information is to be found in the mission -registers though a further cross-section is provided by the records of those who took the oath required by the second Catholic Relief Act in 1791.378 It is noteworthy, however , that less than fifty persons took the oatha very small proportion of those eligible, i.e. Catholic adults . 379 Those who did take it included Bishop Walmesley and Father Heatley, several esquires and gentlemen with their wives , a surgeon (William Day of Westgate Buildings ), three tailors, a languagemaster , a lodging-house keeper, a "victualler" (James Murphy of"The Prince of Wales"), 3 the wife of a chairman(an occupation popular among Irishmen) and two builders, Giles Hall and William Robinson³81

380

375 For 1767 & 1781 figures, see notes 371 & 402; for register data , Reg. 1 .

376 See supra., p. 62 (Fr. Naylor) and infra , pp 113-72 (account-book).

377 House of Lords Record Office: Bath & Wells return, 1780-81. An Irish Catholic schoolmaster named Allen occurs in the 1792 Easter duties list (Reg 1)

378 Bath City Archives , no 272 ; S.R.O., Papists' Oaths, 1791-1809 See also infra . , pp 107-9 An earlier oath-roll, following the Catholic Relief Actof 1778 , contains no Bath names (S.R.O., Papists' Oaths of Allegiance etc., 1778-85) Three Somerset names (Ann and William Hippisly of Shepton Mallet and John Beaumont of Ston Easton) occuramong those takingthe 1778 oathatWarminster , Wilts (Original in Wilts County Record Office, Trowbridge; printed in C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p. 248). For a claim that Bath Catholics did take the 1778 oath, see infra , p. 199, and, for one who certainly did (Thomas Arundell of the Paragon), supra. , p. 65.

379 Compare list of oath-takers (printed infra , pp 107-9) with 1785 Status Animarumlist in Reg 1

380 Messrs Day's and Murphy's addresses are given in the Bath section of The Universal BritishDirectory for 1791, pp. 96, 105

381 The latter of Westgate Buildings (ibid, p 107), the former shown in the

INTRODUCTION

as well as the Rev. William Coombs of Meadgate in the outlying parish ofCamertonand two gentleman named Thomas Day, alsofromoutside the city, one ofEnglishcombe , the other ofForscote382

In the mission-registers many prominent recusant families are represented: Fitzherbert, Throckmorton, Langdale, Plowden Smythe, Mannock, Saltmarsh , Stonor and Vaughan , most of them resident members of the Bath congregation as reflectedin the Status Animarum lists . 383 The latter also record the presence of a numberofItalians, of "Jedoull French Man" , 3 384 a German clockmaker, "Black Hopperkin" (perhaps an African servant, possibly acquired in Bristol) and an unnamed muffin-manone of the hundred-and-more Irish already mentioned whose settlement in Bath implies a substantial influx long before the mass-immigration which followed the potato-famines ofthe 1840s The Irish element was reinforced temporarily by a French as , towards the turnofthe century, émigrés from the Revolution arrived in the city. In October and November 1792 the Bath Chronicleprinted appeals for aid for the refugee clergy, to his housein Baththe Catholic Thomas Hugh Clifford, later awarded a baronetcy at the request of Louis XVIII, welcomed many of the émigrés;385 the ladies of Bath responded generously to an appeal on behalf of French ladies in London386 and Bath became the home of a number of their compatriots who seem not to have lacked pastors oftheirown nationality There are entries by various French clerics in the first register; several aged émigré priests died in the city in the 1820s and 'thirties;³ nearby, at Downside, there was a former Maurist monk .387

oaths' list (infra , p. 109) as ofWalcot Builders named Robinson and Hall were earlier employedon repairs etc. at theBell-tree House; see statementbyAnthony McHugo, printed infra , pp. 178-80.

382 S.R.O., Papists'Oaths, 1791-1809 (bothThomas Days)printedinfra, pp. 108-9

The Days of Englishcombe are mentioned in J. Skinner , Journalof a Somerset Rector, 1803-34 (ed H. & P. Coombs, Bath, 1971) passim. , where (p 282) the chapel in the Coombses' house was said to be attended by Hannah Heal and by the family of Mr Day of "Anglesbatch " , father of Samuel Day who rented CamertonHome Farm, "Samuel officiating as a kind of clerk ... makingallthe responsesfor the Priest, in Latin" . Forscote (or Foxcote ), the home of the other Thomas Day, is midway between Bath and Frome ; cf. J.S. Hill, Place Names of Somerset (Bristol, 1914) p 184 .

383 See next volume.

384 In the baptismal register of Bath Abbey (R.B.A., p 178) with no counterpart in the Catholic register is the following entry (2 March 1785): "James , son ofJames& Ann Jadoul" .

385 Country Life , 26 Jan. 1907, pp 130-2 In 1821 he inherited Burton Constable, Yorks (East Riding).

386 M. Weiner , The French Exiles , 1789-1815 (1960) p. 104.

387 See C.R.S. , 12 (obituaries ) pp 170, 197, 201, 227. In Reg 1 is recorded the death of Antony Chemite , a Frenchpriest (17 Oct. 1806) and in 1793 another priest, Jean Marie Mancel, had died at Bath (not in register but cf. The Genealogist, New Series, 9, p 111 ) as had Maurice de Kermelin 1803 according to F.X. Plasse, Le Clergé Francais Refugié en Angleterre (Paris, 1886) p 418, but not Romain Dessaux (Plasse, p 412 , corrected by C.R.S., 56, p 173, note7).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

who joined the English Benedictines 388 and other local émigrés included the Abbé Beylot who projected a boardingschool for deafand dumb children on the lines of "the celebrated establishment for the instruction ofthe deafand dumb at Paris"389 and the schismatic Abbé Blanchard who was living at Bath in 1823.390 In 1803 Bishop Sharrock, who had succeeded Walmesley six years earlier and who occurs somewhat forbiddingly in a local Guide as "the Revd Dr. Shark" , ,391 submitted to Rome a report which showed thattherewere then sixteen French priests in the Western Vicariate and in 1808 Lady Bedingfield, in her list of"Acquaintances made at Bath" , mentioned several émigrés, including the Abbé Dourlians, "a Clever and Pious Priest with the Gout" , who said Mass and preached in Frenchat her father's house where his compatriots were welcomeamong thecongregation , 393

Lady Bedingfield also noted that Bishop Sharrock, by then sixtyseven years of age, was "in a very declingingState, with a Paralytic affection ofhis tongue and a sore leg" 394 By June 1808 the bishop could no longer say Mass and could scarcely write and in October of the followingyear he died at Bath . 395 His health had been poorfor some years before his death and in 1807 he had secured the assistance as coadjutor of a Franciscan, Peter Bernardine Collingridge, who succeeded him as Vicar-Apostolic . 396 He too suffered from indifferent health; as early as 1812 he had sought ot have a coadjutorappointedto help him and a fellow-Franciscan, Francis McDonnell, was chosen by Rome but could not be prevailed upon to accept397 and Bishop Collingridgehad to call upon his friend Bishop Poynterofthe London District to perform ordinations for him; however in 1823 Peter Augustine Baines of Bath was consecrated as his coadjutor and , on Collingridge's death in March 1829, Baines succeeded him as VicarApostolic Bishop Collingridge had not lived at Bath but his 198

388 Joseph Martin Leveaux ; cf. Birt, p. 316.

389 A.A.W., vol 46 (BishopDouglass's papers, 1795-6) no 81: Beylot's letter, 25 Aug. 1795, kindly communicated by Mr E.S. Worrall; also Laity's Directory for 1796 (only) pp 42-3

390 with Abbé le Cordière ; B. Ward, The Eve of CatholicEmancipation(1911) II, p 229

391 Historic and LocalNew Bath Guide, 1802, p. 52. 392 393 Brady, op cit, p. 304. Ten years later 14 were reported(ibid , p 310)

Jerningham Letters, p 326; also p 324. The house was no 13 Pulteney Street , mentionedsupra. , p. 00. For the Abbé Dourlians , see also Oliver, p. 287 and index

394 Jerningham Letters, p 326, wronglygivingSharrock's age as70

395 Brady, op cit, p 305; Reg 1 (mortuaryentry).

396 Brady , loc cit.; J.B. Dockery,Collingridge (Newport, Mon., 1954) passim

397 See Dockery, op. cit., chap. 4, Brady, op. cit., pp. 306-7; also J. McLoughlin, "Charles Francis McDonnellO.F.M." in Essex Recusant, 14, no 1

398 Brady,op cit, pp. 311-2 .

402

399

successor , after some time at Bathampton, spent all but the first eight months of his tempestuous episcopate at Prior Park, ³ whence he made his presence felt in the city as well as enlivening the wider Catholic world . 400 Under Bishops Walmesley, Sharrock, Collingridge and Baines the Catholic population of the Western District appears to have risen considerablyfromjust under4,000 in 1773 to over 24,000 in 1839-40401but appearances may be deceptive and whereas the earlier figure, five years beforethe first Relief Act, probably connotes mainly committed Catholics , practisingtheir religion as far as they were able, the later estimate may includemorenon-practisingthanpractising Catholics(in the total of24,580 therewere but 7,976 Easter communicants) Duringroughlythe same periodthe BathCatholicbodyexpanded from about 200 in 1767 to 400 or so in the 1780s and to 500-odd in 1813,4 followed (on paper) by a leap to 1,348 (including 220 converts) in 1830 and to 1,800 in 1839-40, of whom 570 were Easter communicants (i.e. aged 13 or over) though its social composition altered somewhat with the fall in the number of visitorsfollowing the Peace in 1815 and with the departureof some of the leadingresident familiesin the ensuing decade . 403

Increasing Catholic population not, however , keeping pace with the rise in Bath's population as a whole404 is reflected in the

399 For Collingridge'sresidences (Cannington , Chepstow , Taunton, Bristol and Clifton) see Thaddeus, The Franciscans in England (1898) pp 215-6; Dockery, op cit, passim Baines lived at Bathamptonbefore and after his visit to Rome from 1826 to 1829; cf. Bath Directory, 1826, p 67; J.S. Roche, HistoryofPrior Park(1931) pp 62, 76; H.N. Birt, Downside (1902) p. 200

400 See"Postscript" to this Introduction (infra , pp 00-00)

401 Brady, op cit , pp 301, 318; also 311 & 312 for intermediateestimates (c . 5,500 in 1815, c. 12,000 in 1826). For a critical examinationand amplification of the 1773 returns as printed by Bradynot, however , impugningthe accuracy of the Western Vicariate figuressee J.H. Whyte, "The Vicars Apostolics ' Returns of 1773" in R.H., 9, pp 204-5 .

402 165 in thefour parishes in the 1767 return (printed infra., pp. 00) plus 25 in St Michael'sparish (see note 371); 373 in 1781 (House of Lords RecordOffice: Return of Papists, Diocese of Bath & Wells); over 400 in 1785 (Status Animarum list in Reg 1). The figure for 1813 is from Brady, op cit , p 308

403 Downside MS 59: "Bath, 1831-43" (unpaginated ); St John's Presbytery , Bath: Archives , I, no 7 (summary of 1830 "census" , showing 353 under 14 years of age, 465 between 14 & 30 years and 530 aged over thirty in "theCity and its environs"); Brady, op cit , p 315 (1839-40 estimates); J. Hickey, Urban Catholics (1967) pp 91-2 (Cardiff Easter-duties figures and comments thereon). The falling-offofvisitorsand the removal of"many good families" are mentioned in Downside MS 252, pp 14, 52, 54

404 Peach, Historic Houses in Bath, 1st series, p xiv, estimates thepopulationof Bath at nine thousand in the mid-18th century. The census figures for the first halfofthe 19th century (BathReference Library card-index) are:

180133,196

1811 38,408

1821 : 46,700 1831 50,800

184153,206 1851 54,254 (Peach, op cit., p 158 gives some slightly different figures).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

numbers of baptisms recorded in the first two registers, averaging approximately sixteen per annum in the 1780s, twenty-four in the 'nineties, 32 in the first decade of the 19th century, nearly 40 in the second and over 60 in the half-decade with which the second register ends (1820-24 inclusive). The very few illegitimate births and the short interval between birth and baptism seem to indicate a fair level of Catholic practice, but the two high totals for the 1830s were probably calculatedon a different basis fromthe earlieronces (which correspond roughly with the Status Animarum lists in the first register) and doubtless include many lukewarm or merely nominal Catholics The Easter communicants figurefor 1839-40 indicates this, as, characteristically, does the 1851 religious census (after the Irish Famine-exodus , with well over 600 Bath inhabitants ofIrish birth) reporting only some 520 as the combinedcongregations ofthe two chapels . 405 -

Meanwhile the expansion of Bath to some extent due to the difficulties of continental travel during the French Wars had prompted a Catholic visitor to commentin 1809, "Bath is so encreased in size that most People have Coaches who formerly went in Chairs"406 and in that yearFatherAinsworth secured moreconvenient and impressive premises for the mission, providinga chapel, schools and apartments for letting(Baines added a presbyterylater) on a single site. As in the days of the Bell-tree House and its short-lived successor,rents from tenants (both here and in the St James's Parade house) formeda staple element in the mission-income. The new premises, in Orchard Street (Pierrepont Place), formerlyoccupied by the theatre, stood initially in the names of lay trustees, including Sir Thomas Throckmorton, Francis Constable and Thomas, later Cardinal Weld, but subsequently(from shortly before the Emancipationyear of 1829) in the names of the Benedictines themselves408 While a placeofenter407

405

P.R.O., H.O.129 /326/3 , no 6 (congregation of c . 400 at the "Principal Catholic Chapel" , i.e. Orchard Street); H.O.129 /326/6, no 9 (BrunswickPlace chapel: congregation 120). The former chapel was the predecessor of St John's , South Parade; the latter of St Mary's , Julian Road The total of 645 for Bath, printed by P. Hughes, "The EnglishCatholics in 1850" in The English Catholics , 1850-1950 (ed A. Beck, 1950) p 80, is misleading as it relates not to the two city chapels but to the three in the Bathregistration -district whichincludedPrior Park with a congregation of c 120 (P.R.O., H.O.129 /326/4, no 10) In the 1839-40 return Prior Park is not counted in the Bath total of 1,800 but is enumerated separately with 210 Catholics (Brady, loc cit.) There were 678 persons of Irish birth in the Bathregistration -district in 1851 (Hughes, loc cit) A very handy guide to this census has been providedby Mr P.F. Coverdale , Some Notes on the 1851 Religious Census With a Summary of the Roman Catholic Returns(privately circulated , 1966)

406 Jerningham Letters, I, p. 332

407 Forthetheatre, see Penley, The Bath Stage, chaps. 5-15 .

408 DownsideMS . 252, pp 36-7, supplemented by an undated MS . (after 1830 and not later than 1837 , the year of Birdsall's death), partly in the hand of Dom J.A. Birdsall O.S.B., now in BirminghamArchdiocesan Archives, kindly made available by the Archivist, Father J.D. McEvilly. A recent studycontainingmuch

tainment nowbecame a Catholicchapel, the former chapel became fora time a place of entertainment, a circus being held "at the commodious building in Corn Street, late the Roman Catholic Chapel" , soon after Father Ainsworth had given it up" .409 The new chapel, dedicated toSt John the Evangelist and shortly to echo to the strains ofan AgnusDei sung by the celebrated Madame Catalini , 410 was soon accompanied by first a girls' school and then anotherfor boys . 411Amongthe teachers in these early days of Catholic educationin Bath were the Misses Dixon and Deveralland Messrs Langley (a convert), Jenkins and Spencer . 412 The schools were administered by two committeeswhich rented from the mission the schoolrooms and the rooms tenantedbythe master and mistress , the former receiving the use of another room rent-free in return for"writing accounts, giving instruction, looking after thepoor etc."413

In 1814 Father Ainsworth died and was buried in the vaultsbelow the chapel41414 and Father Calderbank succeeded him as principal missioner until 1817. As assistants he had Dom Clement Rishton, followed by Dom Thomas Augustine Rolling (the former having become Prior of Ampleforth, whence he corresponded with a Bath governesshe had converted and whomhe subsequently married)415then in the late summer of 1817 a doublechange tookplace with the arrival from Ampleforth of Peter Augustine Baines, followed some six weeks later by Dom Thomas Brindle . 416 Baines soon showed that dissatisfaction with the existing state of things and that desire to introduce

on CardinalWeld is J. Berkeley, Lulworth and the Welds (Gillingham, Dorset, 1971)

409 Bath Chronicle , 3 Dec. 1809, cited by Miss C.D. Murray, "A Chronicleof CatholicHistory in Bath" (typescriptat St John's Presbytery ) p 44, note2

410 Bath Chronicle, 3 Dec. 1809. Madame Catalini was among the Bath acquaintances of Lady Bedingfieldwho found her "a most interestingWoman , pensive and naive Herhusband an ugly Frenchman , vulgar " (Jerningham Letters, I, p 329) See also Grove's Dictionary ofMusicand Musicians (5thedition, ed E. Blom, 1954) II, pp. 119-20

411 St John's Presbytery , Bath: Dom A.F. Fleming's MS collections , "The Benedictine Mission of Bath" , p 243 (girls' school opened 1812;boys' 1815). In the opening years of the nineteenth century there appears to have been no Catholicschool in Bath (D.R. , July 1880, p.4)

412 Fleming, loc. cit.; C.R.S., 12, p 147: death on 6 March 1820 of "Mr. Benjamin Langley , for 5 years the respected Master of the Catholic poor Boys School in Bath" . See also Reg 2 (list of converts)

413 414 Downside MS . 252, p. 51 Oliver, p 228(memorialinscription)

415 Birt, pp 140, 155. Birt does not mentionRishton'smarriage;Allansondoes (Downside: "Biography" , II, pp 244-5) Rishton left his wife and resumed missionary duty, rejoined her and ran a school in London, left her again and eventuallywent on theSouthAfrican mission He died at Ampleforth in 1836 .

416 Baines's first entry is dated 6 August 1817 and Rolling's last, 10 August Brindle arrived in Bath on 18 Sept. 1817 (entry of that date in Baines's Journal, here printed).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

changes which characterised his later career as bishop; he was very much a 'new broom' and in a letter to the Provincialhe described the situation as he found it: "When I came to Bath in 1817 I found it necessary to incur great expences not only in the Chapel but inallthe houses and tenements belongingto it, which had been muchneglected and some of which were in a state ofcompletedilapidation.Thehouse now occupied by Mrs Hippisley was let to the School Committee and underlet by the tenant to a number of beggars etc. in separate apartmentsfor 2s and half a crown a week The rooms adjoining and over the chapel were tenanted in the same manner and also by the Society for the Relief of Mendicants . The house in St James's Parade had been neglected for years and repairs were demanded and justlyby the tenant. Allthese premises have been put into good repairinsideand out, and a morerespectable kind of tenant introduced".4 418 417 419

Baines purchased "a great number of articles in the way of chapel furniture and accommodation",4 with the result that a local Guide was able to proclaim, "of late years, considerable additions and ornamental improvementshave taken place in this chapel. "4 1 There were already "an excellent organ and a brilliant choir"420 while Baines's sermons, the preparation and delivery of which are reflected in his journal, must have been an added attraction. CardinalWiseman , who thought that Baines "was happiest in his unwritten discourses" , adds that "he was considered by all that heard him one ofthe mosteloquent and earnest preachers they had ever attended "421 and a less friendly witness, the Anglican rector of Camerton, also testifies to Baines's prowess in this direction,4 , 422 though another listener suggeststhat the effect of his sermons was somewhat impaired"by the preacher being moved to tears before his auditors were affected" . 423 Baines wasin demand as a visiting preacher and among hisjourneys in that capacity during his firstyearin Bathwas one to Liverpool forthe openingofthe extended Seel Street chapel, the incumbent of which, Dom Gregory Robinson , formerly a naval surgeon, was a native of Bathand was later to alignhimself with Baines in the latter's disputewith hisbrethren.4424

417 DownsideMS 252, pp 49-52 : Baines to Birdsall , 9 April 1823 (transcript) See also notes 429 & 430

418

419 Downside MS 252, p. 49

OriginalBath Guide, 1825, pp 70-71

420 Original Bath Guide, 1811, p 55. Similar remarks occur in otherissuesfor over twenty years.

421 Recollections of Rome (1936 edition) p 113 .

422 J. Skinner, Journal of a Somerset Rector, 1803-34 (ed H. & P. Coombs , Bath, 1971) p 237

423 T.L. Almond, "PriorPark" inD.R., Dec. 1898, p. 257.

424 Baines'sJournal, 13-23 Oct. & 24 Nov. 6 Dec. 1817 (here printed) See also T. Burke, Catholic History of Liverpool (Liverpool, 1910) p. 35; B.W. Kelly, Historical Notes on English Catholic Missions (1907) p 256 ; Birt, p 141; Downside : Allanson , "Biography" , II, pp 241-7; T.E. Gibson , Lydiate Hall and Its Associations (1876) pp 140-2 .

Although his journal has nothing to say of Baines's thoughts or of his devotional life, it does reflect quite vividlythe very busyexistence of a conscientious , enterprising and gregarious mission-priest , so fully occupiedwith his new responsibilities(which included an extraordinary amount of time in the confessional ) that he is driven ruefullyand repeatedly to admit "read nothing" Shortly after his arrival he examined the vaults beneath the chapel, which contain memorialsto Catholics who died in Bath, and an early entry in his journal reads , "Buried an infant of Mrs Strutter of the North Parade in the vaults ... "425 Baines's plans for improvingthe chapel-premises were set out in a printed address in which he appealed for donations .TheBath chapel, like others at that time, was administered bylay-trustees elected by the congregation , who managed the financial affairs of the mission and one ofthem at least was moved to protest; however , the opposition was overborneand by July 1818 Baines had contractedwith a builder to carry out extensive alterations costingover eight hundred pounds, and the final item in his journal is: "The canvasbegan to be fastened up on which the painting behind the altar is to be made by O'Neil".426 It is perhaps noteworthy that, as in the old days ofthe Bell-tree chapel, a collection continued to be made for the local hospital; Baines records "A collection in the chapel for the general hospital: £ 19 2s 6d" in 1818 and his colleague, Dr Brindle, in a letter to the Benedictine President-General eight years later, mentionscollectionsduringthe year "for theBathhospital" and "for the Bathdispensary".4 428 427

Among the alterations carried out during Baines's term as principal missioner were the installation of the school in two rooms above the chapel and, as has been mentioned, a change in the tenancy of other mission-property.4 For the schoolroomsand the living accommodation ofthe master and mistress the School Commitee paid £55 per annum , the old Corn Street chapel was let on a fifty years' leaseat 50 guineas per annum andanother40 guineas came from the letting ofthe

425 The late Miss C.D. Murray's "Chronicle of Catholic History in Bath" (St John's Presbytery , typescript) includes a not-quite-complete list of memorial tablets (1811-50) in the vaults beneath what is now a masonic hall Catholic chapels were also taken over as masonic halls in York and Newcastle (C.R.S. Monograph 2, p 387) For burials underthe old Bathchapel see also Davey, p. 99 , C.R.S., 12, p 243; Gillow, IV, p 407, and Reg 2, note 48. Not all suchinterments were marked by tablets, nor does the presence of a tablet necessarily mean that the person so commemorated died in Bath; a case in point is Fr. Calderbank, long a missioner in Bath, who died in Lancashire (Birt, p. 132). For assistance in examiningthese tablets, I am gratefulto the custodian , MrNesbitt.

426 A list of fees for burials , erection of monuments etc., drawnup in 1824 ,is preserved at St John's Presbytery (Archives I, no 8) For the trustee-system, see J. Stonor, Liverpool's Hidden Story (Wigan, 1957) p 35. For the local artist O'Neil see infra , p 239, note 217thereto

427 Baines's Journal, 19 April 1818 (here printed); Downside MS 252, p. 59: Brindleto Birdsall, 1826 (transcript)

428 Unless otherwise stated, this paragraph is based on Downside MS 252, pp 15, 49, 51. ThisMS contains muchfurther financialinformation

430

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

former presbyteryin St James'sParade . 429 Rooms adjoiningthe chapel were occupied by the organist and the caretaker as part of their remuneration and a nearby house was let off in lodgings under the supervision of a Mrs Hippisley (the "Mrs" being perhaps a courtesy title). This lady seems also to have run a repository for the sale of devotional articles , books etc. and disposed ofa pile ofcopies ofaMS . life of St Mary Magdalen de'Pazzi compiled long before by a local missioner.4 Baines visited "Mrs Hippisley'sshop and ordered a set of prints of saints" and a local directory announced that "a general assortment of Catholicbooksetc.may be had at no . 5 PierrepontPlace , adjoining the Catholic Chapel" , the address occupied by Mrs Hippisley . 431 In addition, Catholicbookswere available , as in the days of the Bell-tree House, through the mission-library " 432 Also in Pierrepont Place (no 2) was the presbytery, rented by Baines shortly after his arrival in Bath in place of the smaller and more distant house in Philip Street (no 6).433*This move occupied much ofhisattention during his first weeks in Bath and there are repeated entries in his journal recordingvisitsto buy furniturefor the newhouse, e.g. thefirst entry of all: "went to a sale at Lincomb House, bought two bronze candlesticks and a shade lamp, £1 . 1s. , also a reading screen, 12s "434

Six years later, in 1823, with Baines's appointment as coadjutor to Bishop Collingridge, Dom Ralph Maurus Cooperarrived in Bath to aid Dr Brindle and the dutiesof the new assistant missioner were set out in some detail. He was expected to visit "the little congregation at Horton and Sodbury not less than four timesin the year and shall say Massfor

429 For a time this housed a private school run by a Mrs Bretton (Baines's Journal, 11 Oct. 1817; 1819 Directory, p 47) The Corn Street chapelwas sold in 1842 for £700 (St John's Presbytery : Archives I, no 5: copy of deed, 6 Oct. 1842)

430 D.R., July 1893, pp 158-9: letter to the editor from Dom H.N. Birt, citing MS. notes (1835) by Ann Hippisly, formerly of Shepton Malletbut"since the year 1816 of Bath" , whose fatherwasWilliam Hippisly, a convert, founder of the Shepton Mallet mission The notes were written in her fourteenthcopy ofthe biographyby JohnPanting, ex-S.J . , of Bonham , near Stourton, Wilts, whichshe gave to the then missioner at Bath, Dom John Jerome Jenkins, O.S.B. For Fr. Jenkins, see Birt, pp 171-2 and for Fr. Panting , Gillow, V, p 243; C.R.S. Monograph 1 , pp 173-4 (also p. 248 - Hippisly). Three members of theHippisly family were educated at the BarConvent, York, in the 1770s and '80s, including Ann whoentered the school in 1770; cf. H.J. Coleridge,StMary'sConvent ,Micklegate Bar, York, 1686-1887 (1887) p 401. See alsoA.E.Hippisley& I. Fitzroy Jones , Some Notes on the HippisleyFamily (Taunton, 1952) pp 140-5

431 Baines's Journal, 27 Sept. 1817; Bath Directory, 1826, p 36; Jesuit Archives , Farm St., London: "Old College of St FrancisXavier" , pt III, f 165 (undated letter from "Ann Hippisly" of 5 Pierrepont Place, Bath, to Fr. R. Plowden at Swynnerton). Fr. Plowden was at Swynnertonfrom 1815 to 1820 (Oliver, pp 110-1, Foley, VII, p 605)

432 Baines's Journal, 8 & 9 Dec. 1817. See also supra , p. 57 .

433 Seeinfra., pp. 200-1 , 204-6.

434 LyncombeHouse is nowthe Convent PreparatorySchool

them not less than thrice in the year;" also "to him shallbelongthe office of catechising the children .... ; besides the usual catechism in the chapel on Sundays he shall hold catechism with the childrenofthe two Charity Schools once during theweek".435

It was during the incumbency of Fathers Brindle and Cooperthat the "Catholic Question" came to head, culminating in the Emancipation Act of 1829 which removed most of the remainingdisabilities and enabled Catholics to take their full place in society The bogey of popery was by no means forgotten and in some quartersthere was fierce opposition to any further concessions, an opposition fannedby clergy of the Established Churchwith Bishop Law ofBath and Wellsin the forefront . 436 Not far from Bath, in the Radstockarea , a petition against Catholic relief had attracted some signatures two years earlier; another"a bond of union against the machinations ofthePapists" . was circulating in the Summer of 1828437 and in the city itself, towardsthe end of that year, petitions were placed for signature in the vestries of the Abbey, St Michael's , St James's and Walcot parishes These, however, gained comparatively little support; by the first week of January 1829 they bore less than two thousandsignatures out ofa population of some fifty thousand 438 and even when, early inMarch , in a last-ditch attempt to rally public opinion against Emancipation, a petition was placed in the Guildhall, the total number of signatures, including those to earlier petitions, fell below six thousand As elsewhere , verses attacking Emancipationcirculatedin Bath , 440 butin no great profusion, and, turning over the pages ofthe BathChronicleof this period, one gains the impression that local opinion was on the whole sympathetic-a situation in keeping with the city's record of tolerance towards Catholics Nevertheless it was not withoutinjections of protestant zeal, as when, in the 1830s, the ReformationSocietywas active in the area or when, in the Spring of 1852, a yearand a half after the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy and with "papal aggression" still a live issue, scurrilous allegations about convents, voiced in Bath by the Rev. Hobart Seymour, brought Wiseman tothe 441

435 Downside MS 252 , pp 56, 59-64 ; Oliver, p 116 . 439

436 G.I.T. Machin, The CatholicQuestion in EnglishPolitics, 1820-30 (1964) p 148 .

437 Skinner ,op. cit , pp. 300 , 354.

438 BathChronicle , 8 Jan. 1829. See also population-figures in note 404

439 ibid., 5 & 12 March 1829. The total numberof signatures was 5,806.

440 e.g. Catholic Emancipation , A Fable (printed by A.E. Binns, Cheap Street, Bath; copyin Bristol Reference Library)

441 S. Gilley, "Protestant London, No-Popery and the Irish Poor" (Pt 1) in R.H., 10, p 218 (13 of the Society's scripture-readers in Bath in 1831); D.R., July 1880, pp 10-11 (anti-Purgatory meeting at the Old Down Inn, Jan. 1834 , leading to the series of "Downside Discussions" between members of the Reformation Society and Catholic speakers headed by Dom Thomas Joseph Brown , shortly to become Prior and later Bishop)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

city to preach in refutation . 442 Meanwhile, in March 1839 a Bath branch of the Catholic Institute of Great Britain at that time primarily a tract-disseminating body had been founded with Bishop Baines as its president , Edward King as secretary-treasurer and Joseph Spencer responsible for literature-distribution , 4 Baines being one of itsauthors . 444 Duringthe branch'sfirstyear there were overthirty converts inBath - morethaninanyothermission intheWestern District . 445

443

From 1823 to 1846 Father Cooper remained in Bath , becoming principal missioner when Dr Brindle, having become secularised, joined his friend Baines at Prior Park. Brindle's departuremarks the bishop's defeat in an undedifying squabble as to who should receive the seatrents paid by the congregation of the Bath chapel.4 Baines claimed that, as bishop, the disposal of the Bath mission lay with him (he was , moreover , anxious for the financial support which it would afford for his plans at Prior Park) whereas the Benedictines contended thatthe mission was and always had been theirs and pointed out that when Baines himself had become its incumbent it was by the Order andnot by the Vicar-Apostolic that he had been appointed; moreoverit was to the Order that he had surrendered the Bath mission following his appointment as coadjutor in 1823447 and two years later he had

446

442 W. Ward, The Life and Times of CardinalWiseman (1898) II, pp 48-50; B. Fothergill, Nicholas Wiseman (1963) pp 197-9both citing an unfriendly Bath Chroniclereport The substance of Wiseman's address was printed in TheDublin Review, December 1852 (pp 467-526)

443 East Riding Record Office, Beverley: DDLA . 38/61, 68. In its first yearthe Bath branchhad 143 subscribers and a large stockof tracts (1,742) but by 1846 , when the Institute in its new form was moving into the educationalfield and supporting Catholic charity-schools as far apart as Bridgwaterand Houghton-leSpring, Bath's interestappears to have flagged, with only £3 12s contributedto the general fund and nothing to the educationalfund. In the following year, however, the Catholic Poor Schools Committee was established and its Sixth Report (1853) records collections in Bath (St John's £11 . 2s 6d.; St Mary's £3 5s Od .), local subscribers (Major Bird of 15 DanielStreet ; Canon Parfittof Midford Castle), payments in augmentation of teachers' salariesand in respect of pupil-teachers; help with the cost of books and maps, and Building-grants (1848-53 : £100 to Bath for 1851, paid in 1852). Later Reports ofthe Catholic Poor Schools Committee(outside the period of this Introduction) are one source of further data on the history of Catholic education in Bath. I owe the above information to the kindness of Mr. P.J. Doyle For Edward King, solicitor, see J.S. Roche, A History ofPrior Park College and ofits FounderBishop Baines (1931) passim

444 Faith, Hope and Charity (1840 reprint of Baines's controversial Bradford sermon , originally published in 1825; which provoked several rejoinders and whichhad alreadybeen reprintedhalf a dozen times; see British Museum Catalogue ofPrinted Books)

445 Brady, Annals of the Catholic Hierarchy , pp 314-6 (31 converts between January 1839 & Jan. 1840).

446 See Roche, History of Prior Park, pp 91-5 ; B. Ward, The Sequel to Catholic Emancipation(1915) chaps. 3 & 4

447 Downside: Allanson , "Collection" , III, 36 (transcript ofagreement between Baines and Birdsall, 18 April 1823; also in Downside MS .252, p 84).

INTRODUCTION

writtentothe Provincial, Father Birdsall , "I hope you will not consider me as interfering unreasonably in an affair, the decision ofwhich rests with you. Though I claim no right of interference, I trust you willsee that, situated as I am, I may reasonably feel a great interestin the way the BathMissionis supplied".44

In Fathers Cooper and Brindle each faction had a representative at the chapel. The Benedictines asserted that, with his secularisation , Brindle had automatically forfeited his right to serve one of their missions, whereas Baines insisted that, the mission being in his vicariate, Father Cooper must obey him and he ordered him, under pain of suspension, not to withold the seat-rents. At this, FatherBirdsall, now President -General of the EnglishBenedictine Congregation and perhaps the bishop'smostformidable opponent,4 ,449 entered the frayand issued the following leaflet:450

"To the Congregation of the Catholic Chapel in OrchardStreet , Bath .

"As the season is now at hand when Subscribers to this Chapel usually renew their subscriptionsfor their sittings, the said Subscribers are hereby requested by the Owners of the Chapel, thaton account of certain hindrances now put in the way of those subscriptions being received by the rightful Incumbents, they will withold their subscriptions for a time, until the questionarisingout of the new order of things attempted to be introducedbe decided In the meantime Subscribers will continue to be admitted on producingtheir present tickets till further noticebe given "Bath Novr.20 , 1830 . J. Birdsall J. Deday. "

This handbill, as Father Birdsall records with somewhat unseemly satisfaction, was "distributed to all who entered the Chapel, at High Mass , withoutit being known to the Bishop till after hehad come into the Sanctuaryfor DivineServiceHe and Mr Brindlewere thrown into the greatest perplexity".4451 The upshot was the withdrawal ofBaines and the faithful Dr Brindle from the Orchard Street chapel and their settingup of a separate establishment in the north of the city, atno. 3

448 Allanson, "Collection" , III, 93-4 : Baines to Birdsall, 26 May 1825 (transcript); also mentionedin MS . 252, p. 87 .

449 Downside : Allanson, "Biography" II, pp 247-91 (lengthy account of Birdsall's career) MS. 252, pp 82-97 , contains Birdsall's own documentationof the dispute between himself and Baines A short but vivid descriptionofBirdsall is given in Archbishop Ullathorne's autobiography(Sir Shane Leslie's edition , 1941, entitledFrom Cabin-Boy to Archbishop) p 43

450 St John'sPresbytery , Bath: Archives , I, no 10. This handbill is also copied by Birdsall in Downside MS 252, p. 95, and in the MS in Birmingham Archdiocesan Archives mentioned in note 408, and by Fr. Cooper in his "Memorandums of the Bath Mission and various other things relating to it" (Downside MS 59, labelled "Bath 1831-43") which is informative on Bath Catholicism duringthat period

451 Downside MS. 252, pp. 95-6

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Brunswick Placea proceeding which drew down upon His Lordship the censures of an indignant Pope, for setting up "altar against altar"452 However , a mission on the increasingly populous northern slopes of Bath was probably desirable in itself, though the motives which prompted its foundation were questionable , andfrom thattime onwards , culminating in the opening of St Mary's, Julian Road, in 1881 , there has always -save, perhaps, for a few years in the 1840sbeen a Mass-centre for the Catholics ofthat area.

Subsequently , with characteristicoptimism, which events failed to justify, the bishop took over a largerbuilding known as the Portland Chapel, dedicated to St Augustine, and placed it under the charge of another of the secularised ex-Benedictines who had left Ampleforth to assisthim at Prior Park: Dr Thomas Burgess,later to become the second Bishop ofClifton . 453 The new chapel was opened in May 1832 and from various local directoriesit is possible to gain an impressionofit: "A handsome gallery surrounds it and there is a fine-toned organ"; there was also "a fine altar-piece, The Descent fromthe Cross , painted by Gainsford, highly creditable to the talents of the master. Divine Service is performed here at eight , eleven and three o'clock, and occasionallyat seven in the evening, and a sermon preached every other Sunday by the Right Rev. Dr Baines" . 454 The compilers of The Original Bath Guide for 1836were evidently struck by the devotional habits of the city's Catholics for they comment, on page 94, uponthe necessity for this additional chapel "for the use of a Christiandenomination, many ofwhich make it a point ofdutyto attend divineservice dailyand occasionallyto repairto chapel at other hoursforthe purpose of prayer" . Accompanyingthe newchapel was a girls' school ,described in the 1833 Directory (p. 165) and in Robson's Directory for Somerset (1839 edition, p 54) as the "Catholic Female Orphan School , St Augustine's Chapel, Portland Place" Both chapel and school continue to be mentioned annually in the local directories until 1841, whenthe premises, having failed to attract the support for which Baines had hoped , were sold to the Rector of Walcot . 455 For some years there appears to have been no mission in the upper part ofthe city,butby

452 Roche, op cit., p. 94; Ward, op cit , I, p 37. Fr. Cooper's notes on this are in Downside MS 59 , "Bath, 1831-43" (unpaginated )

453 Oliver, p. 256. The chapel is shown on maps of Bathbetween 1835 and 1845 (Bath Reference Library: Russell Collection, vol 1) B.W. Kelly, HistoricalNotes on English CatholicMissions (1907) p 68, wrongly states that this chapel was in Pierrepont Street

454 Gibbs's Bath Visitant, 1837, p 48; Original Bath Guide (undated , but between 1833 and 1835) p 64; St John's Presbytery : Archives , I, no 12 (printed notice of dedication , 26 May 1832) The registers of the Portland Chapel are preserved at St Mary's Rectory, Harley Street, Bath, and an accountofitis given in Mr. W.J. Jenkins ' thesis on the Proprietory chapels of Bath (M.A., Bristol, 1948) pp 56-7, 81, 85-7 Gainsford was the name of the Ampleforth art master: J.C. Almond,AHistory ofAmpleforth Abbey(1903) p 356

455 Gibbs's Bath Visitant, 1842 , p 50

1848 Mass was once again being celebrated at no 3 BrunswickPlace by a Father Thomas Cummin456 and in the following year the Bath Annual Directory and Almanac (p 110) showed the Rev. Dr. J. F. Crowe to be there, with services at 8 and 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. on Sundays and at 9 a.m. on weekdays The chapel was on the groundfloor of the house, with Dr Crowe's rooms above, and the congregation numbered about a hundred-and-twenty . 457

In 1850, the year of the restoration of the Catholichierarchy, Dom John Clement Worsley assumed charge of the original mission after eight years in Bath as assistant first to Father Cooperand then to his successor , Dom Jerome Jenkins . 458 The year of Father Worsley's promotion was a fitting one inwhich to contemplatefuture expansion; as one of his successors put it, "the hierarchyhad been established and the Catholic church was beginning to put on its former beauty in this land: in Bath it would not be content with being pushed into a side street".459 In this year Catholicworkamongthe poor was given firmer direction through the establishment of a local Conference of the Society of St Vincent de Paul460 and action to improveeducational facilities, involving building costing some £1,200 , is reflected in the reports of the Schools Committee for 1851 and 1852; the latter shows that the newly-opened boys' school had already been subjected to governmentinspection, that two of the scholars had been selected as pupil-teachers and that the schoolmaster , Mr Murphy, had "passed a successful examination and obtained a certificate of merit, with a consequent increase ofsalary, from the Governmentgrant." The girls' school, with aboutforty-five pupilsunderthe charge of a Miss Horrigan (or Horagan), passed in 1852 into the care ofthe Rosminian Sisters of Providence who established a convent adjoining the schools andwho were also responsible both for an infants' school and for conducting evening classes "for the beneift of young persons whose age or occupations prevent their attendance during the day" . The infant school admitted "children from the age of two years with the most interesting and happy results" and by February 1853 it contained 461

456 Directory and Court Guide for the Cities of Bath, Bristol and Wells (May 1848) p. 127. Local directories mention no Catholic chapel in the north of the city between 1842 and 1847 and, with the exceptionof a single baptism by Dr Brindle in 1846, no record of these years survives among the earlyregisters ofSt Mary's(see note454 above).

457 P.R.O., H.O.129 /326/6, no 9 (1851 Religious Census, where it is stated that the Brunswick Place chapel had been a place of worship since 1837 or 8 - perhaps a slip; see previous note)

458 J.C. Fowler, The Benedictines in Bath during a Thousand Years (Yeovil, 1895) p 82. Fr. Jenkins had earlier been Fr. Cooper's assistant; he wasfollowed by Dom Peter Wilson and DomAustin Shann (ibid , also Birt, passim.; C.R.S., 22, p 242 & note)

459 Fowler, loc. cit. 460

461 Centenary leafletat St John's Presbytery : Archives, III, no 9. StJohn'sPresbytery : FlemingMSS , pp 245-6 (1851 & 1852 reports).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

upwards offifty smallchildren the onlyinfant school , apparently, in the city at that time"462

At this period another Catholic free school in the neighbourhood was to be found at Midford where the squire, Mr Connolly, had established an ornate chapel in Midford Castle and where, by 1855, there was a congregation of sixty-two . 463 From 1820 until 1846they were served by Benedictines from Downsideor Bath, but thereafter therewas usuallya resident secular priest.4464

In 1840 the large and unwieldy Western District wasdivided into two vicariates, in preparationfor the restorationof a diocesan hierarchy ten years later, Wales (with Hereford and Monmouth) becomingthe Welsh District under a former Prior ofDownside, Dom ThomasJoseph Brown, part of whose boyhood had been spent in Bath and whose consecration took place in the Old Orchard Street chapel . 465 Two years after the division of his vicariate(which had left him responsible for Cornwall, Devon , Dorset , Somerset, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire) Baines suffered a stroke and sixteen months later, havingjust returned to Prior Parkfrom the newly-opened Bristol churchofSt Mary-on-theQuay, he died . 466 He was succeeded by the only secular bishop to govern the Western District, Dr Charles Michael Baggs, formerly Rector ofthe EnglishCollege in Rome, but his episcopate , like those ofhis two immediate successors, was short-lived and eighteen months after arriving atPrior Parkto take possession of the vicariatehe was dead .He was the last Catholic prelate to make Bath his headquarters ; his successor Bishop Ullathorne (1846-8), soon moved from Prior Park to Bristol67 and that city was also the residence of Bishop Hendren O.F.M. (1848-51) who in 1850 became the first bishop of the new diocese of Clifton, coveringthe counties of Gloucestershire , Somerset and Wiltshire, with Bath as one ofits deaneries.

462 ibid, p. 248; no other infant school is mentionedin the various guides and directoriesfor the next ten years For the Rosminiansistersin Bath, see theLife ofMother Mary Agnes Amherst by a member of that community (Forewordby Cardinal Bourne , Exeter, 1927) pp 116-31 . 463 G. Dolan "Chapters in the History of the English Benedictine Missions"in D.R., Dec. 1903, pp 303-4; Oliver, pp 65, 373. ArchbishopErrington, Administrator of the then vacant See of Clifton , confirmed 23 persons at Midford in 1856. The old Midford registers, datingback to 1832, are now at Ss. Peterand Paul, Coombe Down, Bath For Midford Castle see the article by C. Hussey in Country Life, 3 & 10 March 1944, pp 376-9 & 420-3 , respectively. 464 Dolan and Oliver as cited in previous note (but theformer misprints 1846 as 1864)

465 He later became Bishop of Newport and Menevia; see his obituary and portrait in thefirst issue of The Downside Review (July 1880) For the remainder ofthis paragraph see also Brady, op. cit, passim. 466

467 Roche op cit , pp. 173-4

ibid., chap XIX; C. Butler, The Lifeand Times of Bishop Ullathorne(1926) I, p 141; Autobiography of Archbishop Ullathorne (1891) p 240. N.B. A much better text of Ullathorne's autobiography is that entitled From Cabin-Boy to Archbishop(ed. Sir Shane Leslie, 1941).It should be notedthat in 1972,withthe

Postscript : Prior Park and Bishop Baines

At this point,with a diocesan bishopresponsible for the Catholicsof Bath for the first time since 1559, this outline ofthe interveningthree centuries comes to a close, but it is desirable, by way of a postscript,to glance briefly at Prior Park, acquired by Baines in 1829 and abandoned (temporarily) twenty-sevenyears later, both becausehis activitiesthere, as well as his vigorous incumbencyof the Bath mission, shed light on the writer of the journal printed in this volume and because his acquisition of Prior Park inaugurated a lasting, though not uninterrupted, Catholic presence on the city's outskirts centred on a place alreadyrich in historic associations . 468 The Prior Park estatederives its Catholic-sounding name from the fact that it comprised partoftheland of the pre-Reformation priory ofBath the prior's parkbutithad long shed any connection with Catholicismby the time that it passed into the hands of Ralph Allen, the highminded, self-made reformer of the postal system who owned several of the local quarries from which came the stone for the new buildings of Bath and whose own great

appointmentof BishopAlexanderas Auxiliary to Bishop Rudderham ofClifton , Bath once again became the residence of a Catholicbishop. For information on Bath Catholicism after 1850 see my Bath and Rome: the Living Link (Bath, 1963) otherwise superseded by this Introduction - pp 82-92 and B.G. Stone , Bath Millennium (Bath, 1973) chap 24. Other relevant workspublished in 1973 , too late for specific footnote-references, are: J. Haddon , Bath; J. Miller, Popery and Politics in England; J. Wroughton , The Civil Warin Bath and North Somerset (Bath); C.W. Field, The Province of Canterburyand the Elizabethan Settlement of Religion(privatelyprinted, Robertsbridge , Sussex); A.G.R.Smith (ed ) TheReign ofJames VI& I, (chap 5: "The English CatholicCommunity" by JohnBossy). 468 This section owes little to originalresearchand muchto BrotherJ.S. Roche's amply documented History of Prior Park College and of its Founder Bishop Baines (1931), supplemented by other works, notably B. Ward, The Eve of Catholic Emancipation , III (1912) and The Sequel to Catholic Emancipation ,I (1915); D. Gwynn, Luigi Gentili and the Second Spring (Dublin, 1951); C. Leetham, Rosmini (1957) and Luigi Gentili (1965); Sir Shane Leslie's edition of Ullathorne's autobiography(see previous note); H.N. Birt,Downside (1902);J.C. Almond, History of Ampleforth Abbey (1903); J. McCann & C. Cary-Elwes , Ampleforth andits Origins (1952) There are useful articles on PriorPark byDom LeoAlmond in D.R. , Dec. 1898, and by Mr Stephen Weetman in Clifton Diocesan Year Book, 1960, while on Baines those which have been consulted include one by Professor Denis Gwynn in The Clergy Review, Feb. 1948, Abbot Cuthbert Butler's "The Controversywith Bishop Baines" in D.R. centenary issue (1914) and the perceptive notes on Baines's journal, "A Priest's Diary, 1817-8" in the issue of July 1900, as well as the accounts of him in the D.N.B. and the old Catholic Encyclopaedia On Baines's various disputes, there is unpublished material in Allanson's MS "Collection of Records, etc. (at Downside and Ampleforth), in Downside MS 252 (Fr. Birdsall's account) and in the Jesuit archives at Farm Street : "Bristol, 18th& 19thcenturies" , between ff 175 & 240; "Old College ofSt Francis Xavier" , packet UF/1 , and the MS version ofFoley's Records, vol 5, as well as in papers cited in works listed in this note Seealso note 478. A new work (1973) containing some discussion of Baines's activitiesis Professor V.A. McClelland's , English Roman Catholics and Higher Education, 1830-1903 . A scholarly biographyof Baines has long been desirable and is now being undertaken by Dr Sheridan Gilley.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

mansion was envisaged as, among other things, a living exampleofthe virtuesof Bathstone as a building material

Allen took up residence in 1741 and for twenty years Prior Park occupied a position whose elevation was more than merely geographical; the house was a centre of serious-mindedness and sobriety , "tranquility" and "friendly warmth" , 469 in marked contrast to the more hectic life offrivolity and extravagance in the city below AtPrior Park were entertainedAllen'swide circle offriends, intellectualsforthe most part, whose gatherings constituted a more fruitful facet of eighteenth-century life than did the affluent society over which Beau Nash presided. Among Allen's guestswere poets and divines, actors and novelists , artists and statesman. The elder Pitt, Bishop Warburton of Gloucester and Alexander Pope were among the most notable visitors, though the association with Pope, cut short by a quarrelin 1743 , ended with the poet's death in the following year. Allen was no hater of Catholics ; his guests included, in addition to Pope, the somewhatdifficult and uncompromisingly Catholic Martha Blount and if there is any truth in the story that, as a magistrate and mayor of Bath, Allen considered it impolitic for his coach to stand outside the Bell-tree House while she attended Mass there, the story does credit him with offering to place the coach at her disposal providedit remained a short distance away " 470

After Allen's death in 1764 the property fell into decay; it passed out ofthe hands of his family and when, in 1829, the yearofCatholic Emancipation, it was put on the market, Bishop Baines purchased it with the idea of convertingit into a seminaryforthe Western District, the only vicariate withoutone . Longbefore he became a bishop, Baines had noted in his journal two visits to Prior Park471 and these may perhaps have sown the seeds of his later project, though he finally settled on Prior Park only after proposals for establishing a seminary in other premises had fallen through. In what must have been one ofhis first letters after learning that he had been appointed coadjutor to Bishop Collingridge, Baines had written of the desirability of "procuring a College for the District .... with the means for the education of priests" and he followed this letter with othersbroaching the possibility ofusing Downsidefor this purpose , i.e. a combinationof seminary and lay college. He envisaged such an establishment as being under the control of the bishop with Benedictines as its teachingstaff, but his proposals were rejected , as was his plan for an exchange of properties between Ampleforth - of which he had himself been an and Downside For three years the new bishop was out of England , staying in Romefor his health; here he continued his ornament -

469 B. Boyce, The Benevolent Man: A Life of Ralph Allen of Bath (Cambridge, Mass, 1967) pp 266, 284, citing Charles Yorke, 5 Dec. 1761

470 B.M. Add MS 35396, ff.275-6: Rev. T. Birch to the second Lord Hardwicke , 27 Oct. 1744 (also citedby Boyce,op cit, p. 149). 471 infra ., pp. 204 , 230.

anti-Downside manoeuvres and whenin September 1829 he returnedto England as Vicar-Apostolic of the Western District, following the death of Bishop Collingridge, he came armed with a statementto the effect that "all the vows made by the Benedictines in England are null and void" . This opinion was in fact erroneous , for the monks ofDownside, on moving there from Acton Burnell in 1814, had taken care to obtain from the Holy See a document declaring their monasteryexempt and their vows valid. Baines however, never slowto uphold the indefensible , ordered the Downsidecommunity to submit to his control or quitthe Western District and, upon their refusingto do either, he withdrew all missionaryfaculties from the monastery , prohibiting the monksfrom serving the surrounding districts and even from administering the sacraments within the monastery itself. The monks, however, completely ignored the latter prohibition and Baines was driven ruefully to confess , "I was mistaken in my calculations ; the monks quietly continued to administerthe sacraments within their own walls . . . and they represented my withdrawing the faculties as an act oftyranny towards them and of cruelty to the congregation , particularly their neophytes and converts" . Although the monastery and the school were not affected, the servants and the people ofthe congregation were, and for their spiritual needs a priest came over from Bath who "heard their Confessions in the brewery, seated on a tub, as being outside the precinctsofthe monastery . "472

Meanwhile , in view of Downside's resistance, the bishoplooked for other premises. His original project ofacquiringand staffinga seminary had not been abandoned ; in December 1829 Prior Park was purchased and in the following Spring Baines took possession of the property and installed himself and Dr Brindle and three Ampleforth monks in residence, almost wrecking Ampleforth in the process. The three who joined Baines and Brindle were the Prior, Sub-Prior and Procurator473 and with them went the novices, some three dozen boys from the school, the housekeeper and a herd of cattle, while from Downside were diverted a number of boys, especially some from Ireland, who would otherwisehave gone to that school

According to Baines, the Archdeacon of Bath, Dr Moysey, "expressed his terror at the 'immense establishment'" which was being set up at Prior Park and in October 1830 theBath Chronicleconsidered it likelyto become a formidable rival to the existing protestantcolleges At this time alterationswere still proceeding , necessitating the employment of a hundred men ; the chapel had already been converted intoa place of Catholic worship, with a richly canopied throne for Bishop Baines, for Prior Park was, of course, the bishop's residence and its chapel his episcopal church.

472 Ullathorne,From Cabin-Boy to Archbishop , p 44 473 Thomas (later Bishop) Burgess, Thomas Rooker and Edward Metcalfe Brindle had left Ampleforth much earlier (1817) to assist Baines in the Bath mission; see supra , p 81

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Baines had given thought to educationalquestionsatAmpleforth, before comingto Bath, he had contributed to the developmentofthe school which he was subsequentlyto undermineand later, on a visitto Downside, he "taught some of the boys some Geographyon my own plan"4and he was well aware of the challenge and the opportunity afforded by the granting of Catholic Emancipationin 1829.There was now a more pressing need than ever for a well-educated Catholic laity and Baines saw beyond the foundation of a seminary and school at Prior Park to the establishment of a Catholic university to compensate for the exclusion of Catholics fromOxford and Cambridge but"unfortunately" , as has been well said, "to Baines theidea of a universitywas inseparable from that of architectural magnificence "4 75 and instead of allowing time for the original institution to become an economic proposition, he embarked on further building, some ofit unnecessarily ornate, and also turned his restless and expansive mind to more ambitious projectsnot only the university plan but a proposalfor a college, associated with Prior Park, in Romeitself.

The seminary and the school ,meanwhile , progressedencouragingly; within two years of opening the number of students had doubled to eighty and during the twelve years before Baines's deaththere was an average of twenty-five seminarists, forty-five of whom entered the priesthoodduring that period. Yet even in the earliest days therewas an element of disenchantment for the three ex-monks from Ampleforth (who had been secularised not at their own request but on Rome's initiative) who soon found that Baines was leaving them to theirown devices; they had no clear ideas of what their duties were, they urged "the necessity of rules being immediately formed to guide our future proceedings" , they complainedof"verbal regulations comingnot thro' the regular channels" and within four months they were offering to resign en bloc Baines did in fact dispense with the services of two of them (Burgess and Metcalfe) as falling short of the requirementsofa university, but Rooker remained , embellished with a papal doctoratein Divinity, as did Dr Brindle, who became Baines's deputy or "Regent" of the College, and they had the assistance of a talented Cambridge convert, Thomas Logan, who had studied at the English College in Rome under Wiseman, gaining golden opinions for his learning: "heis equal to the chair of any University" , wrote Wiseman enthusiastically.

For several years harmony seems to have prevailed atPrior Parkan unusual state of affairs for any venturein which Baines was concerned but in 1835 heintroduced, from the best motives, a furthersource of dissension , bringing into the college as "Professors of French, German , Philosophy etc." three Rosminian Fathers of Charity from Italy, headed by the celebrated Father Luigi Gentili . 476 This had many advantages, particularly in the deepening of the spiritual life and in the 474

475 476

Journal, 8 April 1818 (here printed)

Weetman, art. cit , p 118; see also Roche, op cit, p.vii

Theother two were French priests, Frs Belisy and Rey.

winning of converts, but the addition to the college staff of foreign professors (later increased to nine by the arrival of three more priests and three lay brothers) owing obedience primarily to the superiorof their own Institute , was clearly to introduce a discordantelementand this was heightened by Baines's appointment of Gentili, against hisown inclinations, as vice-regent and effective superior of the whole college To make matters worse, having elevated Gentili to this position, Baines shortly afterwardsalarmed at the falling-offofstudents as a resultof Gentili's disciplinary and administrative changesproceeded to undermine his authority by countermanding his instructions Gentili subsequently resigned, with a somewhat spectacular demonstration of contrition for the faults he had committed as vice-regent, and was succeeded byoneofhis brethren, FatherPagani.

The introduction of the Fathers of Charity had other repercussions for which the Bishop had not bargained; two of the most valued members of his staff, Fathers Furlong and Hutton, inspired by the example of the Fathers, joined their Institute and left the college Blessing though they may have been, the Rosminians were proving a mixed blessing; Baines had visions of his teaching staffmelting away and he realised by now the necessity of having a staff fully under his own authority and not subject to any external jurisdiction . This he proceeded to make clear and the Fathers ofCharity were removed from Prior Park although, fully conscious of their value, the Bishop endeavoured , unsuccessfully , to retain some of them for mission-work within his own vicariate While these troubles were developingthe Bishop also suffered other misfortunes, notably a disastrous firein May 1836 which did some fifteen thousand pounds' worth of damage, of which little more than one-third was covered by insurance; nevertheless Baines at once set about the workof renovation, regardlessof cost. "He trusts to Providence" , wrote Dr Burgess some years earlier , "without being sensible , I fear, of the awful risks he is running" .a sentiment not perhaps very happily worded but expressive of the combinationof awe, affection and anxiety with which the Bishop was regarded by otherswhom he had involvedin his enterprises.

At the beginningof the 1840s the frictionwith the Rosminians was coming to a head, financial troubles were becomingmore acutewith embarrassing questions being asked about monies intended for other purposes477 and Baines's Lenten Pastoral of 1840 , opposing the other bishops' campaign of prayer for the conversion of England , had led to a summons to Rome . 478 On his return toPrior Parkin 1841 he received a welcome both enthusiasticand touching but the abounding optimism which had hitherto nourished himwas beginningto evaporate and with a decline in health came a sense of failure. He suffered a

477 i.e. the Tiverton foundation, on which see Oliver, pp. 359-61 . See also ibid. , pp 381-2 & note, re the Falmouthmission . 478 The Constable of Everingham papers in the East Riding Record Office, Beverley, containletters etc. on this controversy(DDEV/60/31,xvi)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

stroke in March 1842 and in July of the following year hedied . The evening before, he had had a cordial meetingwith a numberof Downside monks and had expressed hisfriendship; now, in Downside Abbey, helies again among hisbrethren.4

479

Following Baines's death the devoted Dr Brindle, who was also Vicar-General ofthe Western District , plunged the College still further into debt by embarkingon the erection of a newchurchat Prior Park; the building, however , came to an abrupt halt through lack offunds after the walls and columns had been erected and it remained in this condition, reminiscentof BathAbbey after the dissolution, for twentyfive years The new bishop, Dr Baggs, set about a vigorous reorganisation of the vicariate and might, had he been spared, have saved Prior Park; instead, anxiety about it shortened his life, his episcopate lasted less than two years and at his deaththe College was deeper in debtthan ever His successor, Bishop Ullathorne, saw another way of solvingthe problem or, at least, of bringing it to a headand he presented Brindle and his fellow trustees with the alternativeof either managing the College themselves as a self-supporting establishment or ofreceiving support from the diocesan revenues on condition that sole direction of its affairs should rest with the bishop. This was at least a realistic attitude and had the administration ofPrior Parkbeen in more capable and enterprising hands than those of Brindle it might possibly have survived , though this is doubtfulfor it was heavily and widely in debt, with investors receiving little or no interestand even the servants' wages for several years sunk in it, as were the commonfundsofthe clergyof the Western District . Ullathorne referred the matter to Rome , a commission of enquiry was set up and some two thousand pounds' worth ofpictureswere sold but, as he himself records, "Prior Parkwent struggling on its way much as before. "480 Then in 1848 , before anything was settled , Ullathorne was transferredto the CentralDistrict and forthethird time in five years it fell to a new bishopto disentangle the Prior Park problem. This was Bishop Hendren, formerly Ullathorne's Vicar-General (in place of Brindle, with whom Ullathorne had been increasinglyat loggerheads and who had been relieved ofthat office in September 1846)481 and at last a solution seemed in sightfor in April 1850 the property was sold for £29,000 to Mr Alexander Raphael, M.P. for St Alban's, who leased it to the trustees at a modest rent and undertook to restore it to them at hisdeath However , he died in November of the same year, leaving no will, and Bishop Hendren, who had been delightedat the arrangement with Mr Raphael, nowfelt under no obligation to preserve the College In the following year,ina desperate effort to stave off the inevitable, the President ofPrior Park,

479 Baines's remains were transferred to Downside after the sale of Prior Park in 1856 and were interred first in the cemetery and subsequently in the Abbey- church.

480 Cabin-Boy to Archbishop , p. 239.

481 C. Butler , TheLife and Times ofBishop Ullathorne(1926) I, p. 142 .

INTRODUCTION

Dr Rooker, set off for Rome to intercede with Propaganda, whichduly submitted a report to Pius IX.Rooker was received in audience shortly before leaving Rome and found the Pope's attitude encouraging His desire that Bishop Hendren should be transferred to another diocese was met by his translation to the new See of Nottingham and Baines's old colleague, Dr Burgess, became the second Bishop of Cliftonwhile Prior Park was made a seminary for the four western dioceses of Plymouth, Clifton, Shrewsburyand Newport, underthe joint direction of their bishops, together with Wiseman, newly created a cardinal, as Apostolic Visitor . Earlier Burgess's appointment would have been welcomedand might have saved the College but now hewas an old man and the involvement of Wiseman and Errington (the Bishop of Plymouth), both vigorous and both unsympathetic, was takenasheralding its doom . In fact, the end came early in 1856, little more than a year after Burgess's death and during an interval whenthe bishopricof Clifton was vacant , with Errington, now titular Archbishop of Trebizond and coadjutor to Wiseman, as its administrator In February and March 1856 the College effects were sold by auction , realising £6,382; the estate passed into the hands of the Raphael familyand its second Catholicphase came to an end . 482

482 i.e. if one counts itspre-Reformationconnection In 1867 Bishop Clifford of Clifton re-purchased the property, which remained in Catholic hands until 1904; then, after various vicissitudes (including a three years' lease to the Holy Ghost Fathers), it came to house the Cannington Industrial School which in 1919 was placed under the IrishChristianBrothers Two years later the latter purchased the property; in 1924theIndustrial School was closed and in September of thatyear, with the transfer of some seventy boarders from St Brendan's College, Bristol, Prior Park became once more a Catholic boarding school, and as such has flourishedfor half a century

MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS, 1717-99

This section contains a number of short documents of relevance to eighteenth-century Catholicism in Bath, most of which have counterpartsin other areas : two estate-enrolmentsof 1717, a will, the House of Lords Return of Papists (1767) which, irritatinglybut like similar returns for some other areasgives no names but is valuablefor occupationsand periods of residence; the appeal for subscriptions , ten years later, towards a new Bath chapel, which has more than local interest in that prominent Catholic families from all over the country are represented in it; two inventoriesof Bishop Walmesley's possessions (one shortly after the Gordon Rioters had destroyed many of his belongings) and, finally, the list of oaths taken by Catholics in and around Bath in pursuance ofthe second CatholicRelief Act (1791) No local oath-lists relating to the first Relief Act (1778) appear to have survived, though Father Brewer claimed that Bath Catholics dulytook this oath and a certificate substantiatingthis in the case of Thomas Arundellof the Paragon exists among the papers of that family (see respectivelypp. 65, 199). In these documentspunctuation and capitalisation have been modernised and the few abbreviations expanded.

I.ENROLMENTSOF ESTATES OF JOHNHUSSEYAND FRANCISCARNE , 17171

A Registry or particular of the real estate of me John Hussey of Marnhull in the County of Dorsett, Esqr , scituat and being in the county of Somersett , delivered to Philip Bennet Esqr., Clerke ofthe Peace in and for the said county ofSomersett ,this third day ofAprilin the yeare of our Lord one thousand, seven hundredand seventeene,in pursuance ofand in obedience to an Act ofParliament made in thefirst yeare of the reigne of his present Majesty intituled an Act to oblige papists to register their names and reall estatesImprimis, one tenement and garden with the appurtenances commonly called or knownebythe name of the parsonage howse ofSt. James, scituate and being in the parish of St. James within the city of Bathe, nowe in the possession of Mrs Anne Quineo, 2 which she holdsof me by parol agreement for the terme of six yeares, to be computed from the twenty-fourth day of June next ensuing, at and under the yearly rent of thirty poundscleere of all deduccions save one quit-rent

1 Both in S.R.O. , Enrolments of Papists' Estates, 1717-88 John Hussey also registered properties in Cornwall, Dorset and Wiltshire(E.& P., pp 24, 40, 283); Francis Carne in Wiltshire also (ibid , p 285 : the estate at Stratton St Margaret mentioned in his will the nextdocumenthere printed)

2 Penultimateletter ofsurname unclear; possiblya "d"

of five pounds and six shillings per annum reserved and made payeable to the Maior, Aldermen and citizens of the said citie of Bathe, their successors and assignes. I hold the said tenement, garden and premisses by virtue of a lease bearing date on or about the twenty-nynthday of June in the yeare of our Lord one thousand , seven hundred and two and granted to me by the said Maior, Aldermenand citizens to hold to me , my executors , administrators and assignes from the four and twentieth day of June then last past unto the full end and terme of twenty-one yeares fromthence next ensueing and fullyto becompleat and ended . No fine paid.

I, FrancisCarne of the city of Bath in the county ofSomersett , Gent , in pursuance of and obedience to the late Act of Parliamententituled an Act to oblige papists to register their names and reall estates,doeby this writeing under my hand desire the Clerke of the Peace of thesaid county of Somersett or his deputy to register my name and all my lands , tenements and hereditaments scituate and lying in the said county of Somersett , viz: The house I nowe dwell in, heretoforethree tenements , lying in Stalls Street within the said city and noweheld by three severall leases ofthe Maior, Aldermen and citizens ofthe said city of Bath , two whereof are granted for fowerscoreand nineteene yeares determinableon the lives of me the said Francis Carne, Anne my now wife and Edwardmy sonne and the longest liver of us, and the otherfor the same three lives absolute , which said three leases all beare date March the 30th 1716. The said dwelling-house or three tenements is kept by me in hand and have been so by my ancestors time out of mined under the name of a lodging-house except one roome and passage turned into a shopp and nowe lett to Sarah Mooreton and partner for one yeare from our Lady Day last at sixteene poundsrent.

One tenement contiguous to the above-named dwelling-house and allso in my owne possession (except one roome or shopp nowe lettto Edward Newman for one yeare at ten pounds rent) with a garden thereunto belonging, now allmost all built and part thereof now inthe possession of William Boyce by virtue of a lease granted by me to Elizabeth Boyce his mother deceased, dated August the 20th 1703 for 21 yeares from thence next ensueing for twenty pounds fine and six pence yearely rent; another part of the said garden nowe built is inthe possession of William Webb his assignee or assignes by virtue ofa lease granted by me to the said William Webb for 99 yeares determinableon the lives of him the said William Webb and Dorothy his wife and the longer liver of them and dated June 20th 1704 fortwenty poundsfine and one shilling yearely rent The remainder ofthe said garden is inthe possession ofJohn Power byvirtue of a lease granted to him bymeand dated October 10th 1704 for 20 yeares from thence next ensueing at the yearly rent offifty-six pounds.

Another tenement in the possession of Doctor [blank] Lutterell

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

which I have lett to him for one yeare from our Lady Day last for twenty pounds rent, which two last-mencioned tenements are part of the lands of St John'sHospitall within the said city of Bath,heretofore held by me by two severall leases nowe expired, whereuponI am now only tennant by sufferance In wittnesse whereof I FrancisCarne have hereuntosett my hand this fifeteenth day ofApril 1717 .

II.WILLOF FRANCISCARNE, 1719/20³

'IN THE NAME OF GOD AMEN The eleventh day of Januaryin the year of our Lord God one thousand seven hundred and nineteen , I Francis Carne of the city of Bathe in the county of Somerset, Gentl: being in goodhealth and of perfect memoryand understanding , praised be Almighty God for the same, doe make this my last will and testamentin mannerfollowing, viz firstI bequeath my soul to Godmy creator and my body to the grave to be decently interred at the discretion of my executrix hereinafter named in hopes of a joyfull resurrection through the merits and passion of Jesus Christ my only Saviourand Redeemer . Item I will that all my debts be well and truly contented and paid with all convenient speed after my death Item I give and devise to my beloved wife Anne Carne, John Hussey of Marnhull in the county ofDorset, Esqr., KennetMackensie Esqr , John Stibbs of the said city of Bathe, Gentl and George Stibbs ofthe same city, Doctor of Physick, all that my leasehold or lodging-house wherein William Freeman now dwelleth, and all that my garden, playhouse and other buildings situate and lying between the Bear Inne and the Parsonage Lane, being the land of St John's Hospital in the said city (now let by several leases made by me to John Power, William Boyce and William Webb) to hold to them and their heirs, to the intentandin trust that the said houses, edifices , buildingsand garden be sold with all convenientspeed by my above named dear wife and trustees tothe best bidder,for the payment ofmy said debts, and the overplus ofthe said moneyarisingfromthe said sale, with the interestthereof, Igive to my said dear wife Anne Carne to be used and employed at her discretion. Item I give to my unfortunate son Edward Carne my two closes offree land called Green Close and Long-gore situateand lyingin the parish of Stratton Saint Margaret's in the countyofWilts.to hold to him and his heirs for ever Item I give to my said son ten poundsin money to be paid him within three months after my decease Item I give to my four trustees above-named eight pounds apiece to buy them mourning. Item I give to Mr William Bannister , cousin-german to my said dear wife eight pounds Item I give to Mary, now the wife of

3 P.R.O., Prob 11/581/177 .

Robert Lane, and Sarah, now the wife of Thomas Davy, my quondam servants, three pounds apiece to buy them mourning Item I give to Mary Smith, als Singers, twenty shillings . Item I give to the poor five pounds to be distributed at the discretion of my said wife and her cousin Banister . Item after my debts paid , funeral expenses and the probateofthis my last will and testament and above-mentionedlegacies paid and discharged, I give devise and bequeath to my said beloved wife Anne Carne all other my houses, tenements and hereditaments , goods, chattels,plate, jewells, debts owing and readymoney and allmy estate both real and personal whatsoever and wheresoever to hold to her and her heirs for ever Item my will is that my said wife shall payunto my above-named son out of the above-devised estatethesumme oftwenty pounds per year quarterly by equall portions during the term of his natural life and also shall maintain my sister Mary Guest , widow , in meat , drink, clothes , lodging, washing and other necessariesduring her life. Item my my further will is that within one year after the decease ofmy said sister the summe offifty pounds be paid to each ofhertwo daughters if living. Item I do hereby make constitute and appoint my above-named dearlybeloved wife Anne Carne, sole executrix ofthis my last will and testament, and withall do appoint myfour good friends John Hussey, Kennet Mackensie, John Stibbs and George Stibbsabovementioned, my trustees and overseers of this my will,herebydesiring them to assist and advise my said wife, upon all occasions Item Ido hereby adjure my above-named unfortunate son to behave himself respectfully to my said wife and lead a better life (than hitherto) in every respect, both to God and man And upon that condition andno otherwise, I desire my said wife to give him by her last will and testament an additional legacy of ten pounds per year out of my above-bequeathed estate,for his natural life Lastly I do herebyrevoke , annul and make void all other and former wills and do declare and publish this to be my lastwilland testamentin the presence ofEdward Newman, Elizabeth Allen and Nathanael Kew the day and year first above-mentioned (Fra: Carne). Sealed, published and declared by the said FrancisCarne to be his last willand testamentin the presence ofus EdwardNewman , Eliz: Allen, Nath: Kew.

Parish

III. RETURN OF PAPISTS , 1767 (BATH DEANERY)4

4 House of Lords Record Office: Return of Papists, 1767: Diocese of Bath and Wells ,Archdeaconryof Bath Kelstonand NewtonSt Loe are outsideBath

CATHOLICISMIN BATH

MISCELLANEOUSDOCUMENTS

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

IV . PRINTEDLISTOFSUBSCRIBERS TO THENEW BATH CHAPEL

Bath , March 14 , 1777

As it is very well known that many inconveniences attendthe Bell-tree House, and that it is found much too small for its usual purposes, it is hoped that the proposal of a subscriptionfor raising a more spacious and convenient building for the same end will meet with the approbationof the gentlemen , ladies and others residing in Bath,aswell as of the nobility and gentry in other parts of the kingdom, most of whom have , at one time or another, occasion to visit this place

The following gentleman , resident in Bath, viz. Messrs . Walmesley, Porter, Nagle, Standish , Lawson, Brewer , have agreedto be the trustees for this undertaking and to see that the money shall be properly managed. Whoever is disposed to contribute towards so laudable a purpose is desired to pay in the money to any of the trustees or to Messrs. Anthony Wright and Son, Bankers, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London

Subscribers

Aylmer

Clement Paston Esq.

Mrs Porterof Belmont

Mrs Catherine Porter

Mrs Frances Porter

Hon Mrs Arundell of Salisbury

Sir Walter Vavasour

Mr Horneyold

Bedingfield

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Sir Francis Mannock , Bart.

Throckmorton

V. TWO INVENTORIES OF BISHOPWALMESLEY'S POSSESSIONS

, 1781 and 17866

Effects belonging to me Charles Walmesley at the Bell-tree House , Jan. 10, 1781.

Many books, papers, a clock in the parlour, a carpet there , also six mahogany chairs with a mahogany armchair and a mahogany dining tablewith two laps Also in the parlour a mahogany bookcase A pair of plated candlesticks , steel snuffers, six silver tea-spoons, eleven china tea-cups and saucers, three china chocolate cups, a china sugar basin , silver tongues for sugar Cloathes and linnen, a cape, a pectoralgilt cross , two mitres, a hammer, a pair of pincers, tweezers, a purple cushion , a woolen cap, two chalices, box for the holy oils, a pyx, a seal, two knives, a pincase, white and purple tunicks and dalmaticks. White and purple shoes and stockins , white and purple gloves, a purple girdle and mantle, a rochet, three pewter vessels for the holy oils, silk veils for them, some old gold lace, a vial of balsam with a china cupand little silver spoon, a gilt crozier, a large box containing a tabernacle , vestments and linen etc. for the altar. A box ofpictures andprints in the hands ofMr Albyn, cabinet-maker in Queen Street , Bath A silver pax. These effects were all carried to the house no 8 Chapel Row, Feb 24, 1786

N.B. Two volumes only remain of the Sainte Bible in 4to. It

6 Clifton Diocesan Archives, vol 1 , no 20

consisted , I believe , of 13 volumes, of which one, two or three volumes were originally missing; the rest were burnt at the riot, June 9th 1780 . It belonged to the Library of the SouthProvince . Item, Mr Richer's Dictionnaire Ecclesiastique in folio perished also in the same fire. It likewise belonged to the Library of the South Province . It consisted originally, I believe, of six volumes but two volumes were missing when lent tome.

Other effects belonging to me, Charles Walmesley, April 5th 1786 , when living at no 8 Chapel Row , Bath.

Kitchen furnished with kettles, saucepans and all other furniture, Two pairs of sheets for self, also two pillow cases, fourtable cloths, six napkins , six towels, a bed with four blankets and a coverlet . Likewise for the two servants, two beds with three blanketseach and a coverlet, four pairs of sheets, four pillow-cases, four table-cloths, four round towels, 20 cloths for servants' use Other furniture for the house , as tables, chairs, a bureau, bookcase etc. A 2d mahogany armchair, a 2d night-stool.

N.B. The crucifix upon my altarwas given me byMr Dowling, living No. 10 Belvidere (1786) upon this condition, that, in case I survived him, I should keep it; but if he survived me, it should be returned to him.

VI PAPISTS' OATHSAT QUARTER SESSIONS, 1791-97

Date

18 July 1791

Name

DavidNagle

Pierce Walsh

John Tobin

PhilipHoward

WilliamRobinson

GarrettFarrell

Eleanora Walsh

Place of Abode, Profession etc. ofBath, Esq of Bath, Esq. of Bath, Esq of Bath, Esq ofBath, builder ofBath, brandymerchant Wife ofPierce Walsh, Bath

7 Bath City Archives , no 272, and S.R.O., Papists' Oaths, 1791-1809 The first document , here printed in full, contains allbut the last four names; these are from the second document , which contains further Somerset names from places beyond the orbit of the Bath mission, including "John Brewer, Rom. Cath Clergyman" , not the Benedictine who was in BathduringtheGordonRiots(see supra. , pp 67-9) but an ex-Jesuit who founded the mission at Shepton Mallet, Somerset, and was also responsible for the few Catholics in Glamorgan (7 or 8 in 1784; only 3 in 1793: Clifton Archives, 2, no 4); see also Foley, VII, p 82 and C.R.S. Monograph 1 , passim. There are some notes on the early years of the Shepton Mallet mission in D.R., July 1893, pp 158-9 See also supra , note292 to Introduction

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Catherine Gartside

25 July 1791

22 Aug. 1791

17 Oct. 1791

7 Nov. 1791

28 Nov. 1791

26 Jan. 1795

12 Sept. 1796

25 Sept.1799 [undated]

Bridgwater, July 1791

[do ]

Mary Tobin ofBath, wife ofJohn Gartside of Bath , wife of John Tobin Esq of Bath, spinster

Constantia Walsh

BridgetDalton of Bath, widow

Amelia Maria Peel [?] of Bath , spinster

ElizabethStanley ofBath , spinster

Amelia Hellier

Ann Smith

ElizabethDavis

William Day

SusannaDay[?]

Elizabeth Robinson

Martha Robinson

Hugh Heatley

AnnChurch Charles Walmesley

Bridget Ann Fitzgerald

ElizabethBishop

Charles Bishop

Peter Smith

Mary Arbuthnot

EdmundEnglish

Nicholas Dowling

Anthony Smith

JohnPhillips

DanielRyan

Michael McCann

JamesMurphy

James Butler

John BaptistDenie

Sarah Chetwynd

George Throckmorton

Teresa Metcalf

Henry Dillon

of Bath , spinster of Bath, spinster ofBath, spinster ofBath , surgeon of Bath , spinster wife ofWm . Robinsonof Bath , builder ofBath ,spinster Officiating priestor ministeratthe

Roman Catholic chapel in the cityof Bath wife ofJamesChurchof Bath, chairman ofBath, Bishop ofRama and Vicar-Apostolic wife ofSir JamesFitzgerald,Bart. of Bath of Bath, widow ofBath , Esq ofBath, language master ofBath, spinster of Bath, householder of Bath, gentilman lodging-house keeper, Bath of Bath, yeoman ofBath , taylor ofBath, taylor ofBath, victualler of Bath, gentleman ofBath , talorr of Bath, widow of Bath , Esquire wife of Thomas Metcalf Esq ofBath of theCity of Bath, Esq

Margaret Mary Trant [?] ofthe City of Bath, widow

Thomas Canning of the City of Bath, Esq.

Ralph Ainsworth

Henry Lawson

Francis Bishop

Margt. Plunkett 8

Michael Tho [?] Langton

WilliamCoombs

Thos Day

Roman Catholicpriestof Bath

Roman CatholicpriestofBath

Roman Catholicpriest,Bath

Circus, Bath, spinster

14 SouthParade

clerk or priest, Meadgate in the parish ofCamerton Inglesbatch in the parish of Inglescombe

8 Secular priest(C.R.S., 63, p 389 & passim.)

9 Englishcombe, on the outskirtsof Bath

Taunton, Oct. 1791

MISCELLANEOUSDOCUMENTS

Giles Hall

January 1792 Thos Day

Carpenter and bilderin the parish ofWalker , Bath10 Forscot

Walcot

Foxcote, Somerset; see note 382 to Introduction

BATH DOCUMENTS IN THE FRENCH NATIONAL

ARCHIVES , PARIS

The three groups of material printed in this section are taken from Archives Nationales , LL . 1420 (Bell-tree House Accounts, 1746-76) and S . 4619, liasses 3 and 5 (EnglishBenedictine Correspondence etc.) The first is a large account -book of over two hundred pages, measuring 12 " X 8" , pages 23 to 107 of which are blank while on the earlier pages are mounted miscellaneous documents unrelated both to the original purpose of the book and to Bath - mainly copy-certificatesof baptism and profession of eighteen EnglishBenedictines , plus notes of foundation-masses etc. and jottings onvarious matters(financial aspects ofthe constitution of the EnglishBenedictineCongregation , AnglicanCatholic differences and the views on Church-reform of BishopJohn Carroll of Baltimore) Pages 108 to 175 contain the Bell-tree accounts and the final pages are blank Pasted on the second page is a pieceof paper in the handwriting of Dom Bernard Bradshaw , who started the account -book, bearing the following explanatory notes: "A shows the Contract, B the Debt, C the money received, D the House expences I keep in another Book the Poors account . " "A" and "B" , followed by serial-numbers , occur in the left-hand margins of the debit-pages ; "C" in the margin ofthe facing pages ofreceipts (there is also a capital"C"at the top ofthefirst page ofthe Lodgers' Accounts) and the first page of the House Accounts has the letter "D" in the topleft-hand corner , but the book containing "the Poors account" does not appear to be in the Archives Nationales , nor among the Benedictine South Province documentsat Downside , and may have been one of the records burntin the Gordon Riots at Bath . The Bell-tree accounts and the other documents in this sectionhave never been printed though there are a number ofextractsfromthem in the late Miss C.D. Murray's "Chronicle of Catholic History in Bath"2

1 Numbered 1 , 2, 3 , 5-19, half of them ending with the words, "lesCatholiques en Angleterrein n'ayant pas pu tenir des registres réguliers des baptêmes de ceux de leur communion à cause des loix pénales" . The Benedictines were Brothers Joseph Valentine, James Minns (baptised 1746) and John Crombleholme (1766) and Fathers John Joseph Placid Naylor, Richard Benedict Simpson, Raoul (or Ralph) Maurus Shaw, AlexanderBenedict Catterall, Peter Marsh, Daniel Spencer, John Turner, Francis Edward Beswick, JohnAtkinson, Benedict Causer orCawser (1747), Richard Harris , RobertAugustineKellet, William Bernard Nechills, Henry Parker and George AugustineWalker All exceptCrombleholme are in Birt, butin two other instances he gives no birth-datean omission made good by thedates of baptism given (in brackets) above BrotherJohn Crombleholme , like others for whom Birtgives no biographicaloutline (e.g. Bernard Hawarden, mentionedinfra , p. 206), occurs in "A list of those who have Apostatizedfrom theirReligious Vows" in P.A.Allanson'sMS "History ofthe English Benedictine Congregation " (Downside copy) III, pt 2, Appendix, pp 49-50

2 Typescriptat St John's Presbytery , SouthParade, Bath Otheritems in liasse5 . relating to Samuel Wesley, the musician (1766-1837 ), are referred-to in the D.N.B. article on him and elsewhere; e.g. in J.T. Lightwood, Samuel Wesley , Musician (1937)

and an earlier reference to them occurs in the following letter to the Bath antiquary, R.E.M.Peach³ :-

"London: 28, HollandPark, W.; March23rd, 1882.

MyDearSir,-

In the spring of 1878 (or autumn of 1877), I was searching at the Paris Archives for any records of our English BenedictineCommunity of Nuns . The authoritieswere most kind, and advised me to look overa confused massofletters and papers, which were containedin a 'carton' , or box , such as our milliners use for theirgoods. It containedseveral 'liasses' , or separate bundles .

One was docketted 'The papers of M. Naylor' .

Father Placid Naylor, of the Order of St. Benedict , had served the Bath mission nearly twenty years from 1757 to 1776. He was a man ofsome private means, and, I suspect, spent farmoreofhis own money for the benefit ofthe Orderthan ever was repaid tohim . Hewentfrom Bath to the EnglishBenedictineMonasteryofSt.Edmund's, in the Rue du Faubourg-St.-Jacques at Paris, and was thereresidingat the outbreak ofthe FrenchRevolution.

Being Confessor to the English BenedictineLadies of the adjoining Rue de l'Alouette, he seems to have retired to his apartments there , for greater seclusion, as it was imagined that women of a foreign nation would be respected . But, one night, he was seized, and all his papers carried off. He died a natural deathin January, 1794, at Paris.

The bundle of papers are just as they were seized, or confused , by the ruffianly Republicans . Among them I found the account-book of Bell-tree House . There is much more ofit all the tradesmen's bills, masons' accounts , etc., which any one can see who ever goes to the 'Archives' at Paris

Everyours sincerely, Martha Jervis . "

Inthe Introduction to the present volume, some use is made bothof the account-book (which, however , has a great deal moreto reveal) and of other papers mentioned in the above letter, i.e. Archives Nationales , S . 4619, liasses 3 and 5. The former contains 51 pieces, not separately numbered, relating to the English Benedictine nuns of Paris and to Father Naylor, who became their chaplain in 17874; those relating to his Bath incumbency are printed in this volume with my numbering Father Naylor discontinued the practice of keeping the "House Accounts" (of everyday expenditure) in the original Account Book and entered them either on paper (a few pieces ofwhich have survived and

3 Printed by Peach in Historic Houses in Bath, First Series (1883) p .iii; see also p. 26 .

4

DomJohnJoseph Placid Naylor O.S.B., for whom see supra , pp 57-8, 62. Birt, p . 119, omitshis second Christianname, but see note 1 above and his own signature (e.g. to document no 6, infra , p 176); also C.R.S., 12, p 49 and C.R.S. , 2, pp 317-27 .

CATHOLICISMIN BATH

are here printed) orin"the Book ofWeekly Expences" (and/or "Book of Separate Articles" or "of Different Heads") mentioned infra., pp 173,175 no longer, apparently, inexistence.

The other bundle (liasse 5) contains 219 pieces, separately numbered but not arranged chronologically - mainly letters to Naylor in Paris between 1788 and 1793, but a few antedating this period, including two copies of his will (4 April 1787) and codicil of the following day, and some undated , including cures for various ailments One item (no 26) is a list of Benedictine addresses in 17895 , showing Bishop Walmesley and Fathers Wilks and Heatley at Bath and two othersare admonitory letters from Dom George Augustine Walker, PresidentGeneral of the English Benedictines which suggest that Mrs Jervis's tributeto Naylor's generosityis somewhat wide of the mark, as is her surmise that on leaving Bath he went straightto Paris; in fact he wasat Cheam, Surrey, from 1776 to 1785 and then in London . Six of the papers in liasse 5 are letters or notes received by Naylor while in Bath, another is from one of his successors on the Bath mission, Father Pembridge, and another relates to the maintenance and repair of the Bell-tree House during and just after Naylor's incumbency. All are printed here, with modernised capitalisation and punctuation and with obvious abbreviations expanded (save in the case of proper names and titles). There are manyvariationsin the waysmoney-entries are written, e.g. 6s 8d., 6s 8p. , 6/8, 6-8 or 68. Pound -signs are sometimes included and sometimes omitted; occasionally a letter "1" follows the pounds' figure, while in some entries the symbols £. s d are written above the figures to which they relate. In this printed version all such entries are standardised , with £ s . d in the conventional positions. Similarly a figure two above a four (two farthings) in some ofNaylor's entries is here represented as 2d . Vertical columns are omitted and marginal notesincorporatedin the text or mentionedin footnotes Ingeneral the notes in this section aim rather at elucidation than at identification. Although deriving from Bath, these documents , like the registers tobe printed in the next volume, are much more than merely"localhistory sources"; they relate to leading Catholic familiesfrom all over England (and from Wales and Ireland) and not only would any attempt to annotate every name be Herculean but it would inevitably fall short of what scholars with specialised local knowledge can be expected toprovide forthemselves .

5 6 Penultimatefigureof date damaged; confirmedfrom other sources . See supra., p. 62 & note 308; however , a less critical view is reflected in Anthony McHugo's statement here printed (infra., pp. 178-80). Birt, loc cit, also C.R.S., 2 (Cheam registers)

8 There is also a fleetingreference to Bathin liasse 5, no 29, citedin note 308 to the Introduction

ARCHIVES NATIONALES, LL1420:

ACCOUNT BOOKOF THE BELL-TREE HOUSE , BATH, 1746-76⁹

[p . 108] October7th 1746

A. 1. B. 1. The Countess of Leicester 10 Debtortothe

A. 2. B. 2.

A. 3. B. 3

A. 4. B. 4.

A. 5. B. 5 .

A. 6. B. 6

Bell-tree for dressing

Mr PendrillDr.for 3 weeks and halfand dressing

Mrs Cavern Dr. for a week's lodgingand dressing

Mrs Dillon Dr. for a week's lodgingand dressing

Mrs Lloyd Dr. to the Bell-tree for lodgings

Lady Leicester Dr. for 25 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A. 7. B. 7. Lady Leicester's servant-man, George, Dr. for4 weeks'lodging

A. 8. B. 8 Mr Lewis Dr. for 2 weeks' lodging

A. 9. B. 9. Mr Price Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 nights' lodging

A . 10 B . 10 Mr HenkinDr. to the Bell-tree for one week's

A . 11 B . 11. WilliamPaston Esqr. gavefor 2 or 3 nights' lodging

A . 12. B . 12. Mr Lynch and Mr Brown Drs to theBell-tree for lodging

A . 13. B . 13. Mr Bartlett Dr. to the Bell-tree for 7 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 14 B . 14 Mrs SuffieldDr. to theBell-tree [deleted ; seebelow]

2d yearbeginningOctoberthe 7th 1747

A . 14. B . 14. Mrs SuffieldDr. to the Bell-tree for 8 weeks' lodgingand dressing

Mrs Suffield Dr. for 2 weeks moreand dressing

A . 15 B . 15 My Lady Mostynand her company , Mrs Bartlet included, Drs. to the Bell-tree for4

A. 16. B . 16 N.B. N.B. weeks' lodging.

Mr Tempest and CompanyDr. for 4 weeks' lodging LadyMostynand Company Dr. for2 weeks' lodging for one; and 4 for others etc., Mrs Bartlett included Mr Tempest Dr. for 3 weeks morelodgings Thewholecompanyfordressing

9 Initially in the handwriting of Dom Bernard Bradshaw O.S.B. (other hands indicatedas they occur)

10 Margaret, Baroness Clifford, wife of Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester ("G.E.C." , Complete Peerage , III, p 300; VII, pp 559-61) For definition of "dressing" see supra, p. 58

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

A . 17 B . 17 . Mrs Suffield Dr. to the Bell-tree for 8 weeks'

lodging etc.

A.17. B . 17. Mrs SuffieldDr. to the Bell-tree for 12 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 18 B . 18 Mrs Sheldon Dr. to theBell-tree for 6 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 19 B . 19 MrWilliam Sheldon Dr. to the Bell-tree for 3 weeks' lodging

1746 Lodger's Accountsofmoney received

C. 1

C. 2

C. 3

C. 4

C. 5

C. 6

C. 7

C. 8

C. 9

C . 10

C . 11

C . 12

Received ofthe Countess of Leicester fordressing

Received ofMrs Pendril October 26th

Received of Mrs Cavern October22nd

Received of Mrs Dillon October23rd

Received ofMrs Loyd March 11th

Received of LadyLeicester

Received formy Lady Leicester's man ,George

Received ofmy Lady Leicester for Mr Lewis's lodgings Mr Price's lodgings given gratis "

Received of Mr HenkinMarch [blank]

Received ofWill Paston Esqr March20th

Received ofMr Lynch and Mr Brown' lodgings etc. 12 August 16thfor

C . 13 Received of Mr Bartlett October 6th 1747 weeks' lodgingand dressing

Received for lodgings fromOctober7th 1746 to October 7th 1747;Mr Price's lodgings given gratis:

C . 14 November 18th Received of Mrs Suffieldfor 8 weeks lodgingand dressing

C . 15

C . 16

Received of MrsSuffield December 2d morefor lodgings

November 7th. Received of Lady Mostynand companyfor 4 weeks' lodging 4 120 120 11 12 0

November7th Received of Mr Tempest for 4 weeks' lodging7 00

Received November 30th, of my LadyMostynfor lodgings

C . 16 913 0

C . 16

C . 16

Received of Mr Tempest November 30th for 3 weeks' more lodging

Received of the wholecompany for dressing

C . 17 Received February 3d of Mrs Suffield 6

C . 17 Received April 19th 1747 for dressing and lodgings 820

11 Doubtless because he was a Benedictine : Dom James Bernard Price (Birt, p 105)

12 Benedictines : Dom Francis Anselm Lynch (Birt, p 110) and WilliamAmbrose Brown, formerly attached to the Bath mission (ibid , p 100 & supra., p. 55).

C . 18 C . 19

[p . 110]

DOCUMENTS IN THE ARCHIVES NATIONALES

Received May2d ofMrs Sheldon for lodgingand dressing

Received May2d of Mr William Sheldon for lodgings

Debts

Carryed over, debts

A . 20. B . 20 Mr Dormerdebt. to theBell-tree for 6 weeks' lodgingetc.

A . 21. B . 21 Mr WolloscottDr. to the Bell-tree for eleven weeks' lodging

Due this year ending October7th:

N.B.Thereis somethingdue fromthe lodgers inthe House which shall be added to the following year beginning October7th.

Debt, the 3d yearbeginningOctober7th.

A . 22 B . 22 Mr Bartlett Dr. to the Bell-tree for 8 weeks' lodgings and dressing C . 22 10 18 4

A . 23. B . 22 Mr Cotton Dr. to the Bell-tree for 5 weeks' lodgings and dressing

A . 24. B . 24 MrStapletonand Mr Claveson Dr. to theBell-tree for lodging , £20-15s-0d and dressing£3-5s-4d

A . 25 B . 25 Sir Carnaby Haggerston Dr. to the Bell-tree for5 weeks' lodging

A.26.B.26 Sir Carnaby Haggerston Dr. to the Bell-tree for 12 weeks

A . 27 . B . 27 Sir Carnaby Haggerston Dr. to theBell-treefor2 weeks ' lodging

A . 28 B . 28 SirCarnaby Haggerston Dr. to the Bell-tree for9 weeks Duefor dressing duringthetime of their stay

A . 29 B . 29 Mr BartletDr. to the Bell-tree for 9 weeks' lodging and dressing

A . 30. B . 30 Mr Williams Dr. to the Bell-tree for 5 weeks' lodging anddressing

Duethisyear:

[p . 111]

Receipts

C . 20 C . 21 Carryedover , Receipts June 12th. Received of Mr Dormerfor 6 weeks' lodgingetc. August 1748. Received of Mr Wolloscottfor lodgingand dressing

Received this year ending October7th 1748:

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

The 3d yearbeginningOctober7th Receipts

C . 22 October 19th Received of Mr Bartlett for 8 weeks' lodgingand dressing

C . 23

October13th Received ofMrCotton for 5 weeks' lodgingand dressing 4

C . 24 December 15th. Received ofMr Stapletonfor 13 weeks' lodgings and dressing

C . 25 December 15th Received of my LadyHaggerston for lodgings

C . 26

March10th. Received ofmy Lady Haggerston for 12 weeks'lodging

C . 27 March24th 1748. Received of my Lady Haggerston for lodging

C . 28 May26th. Received ofmy Lady Haggerston for 9 weeks' lodging

C . 29

C . 30

[p . 112]

Received from Lady Haggerston duringthe time ofher stayfordressing

June 5th Received ofMr Bartlett for 9 weeks' lodging and dressing

September 19th Received of Mr Williamsfor 5 weeks' lodgingand dressing

Received this 3dyearending October6th 1749: Spent thisyearas placed to account:

Ballance due to the House as appearsfrom theaccounts ofthisyear:

N.B.I have not received Mr Howard'saccounts for things boughtfor me , whichwill diminishthis Balance, nor has £ 10 oweing tomebeen payd.

7th 1749 ,

. 31. B . 31 Mr Lynch Debtorthe Bell-tree for 12 weeks and dressing A . 32. B . 32 MrLangdale Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' lodging and dressing A . 33. B . 33 MrJohn StaplytonDr. to the Bell-tree for 12 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 34 B . 34 Mr Thomas StaplytonDr. to the Bell-tree for 10 weeks' lodging A . 35. B . 35 Mr BracyDr. to the Bell-tree for 4 weeks' lodging anddressing

A . 36 B . 36 Mr Pierce MostynDr. to the Bell-tree for 10 weeks' lodgingetc. and boarding his man A . 37 B . 37 Mr Bodenham Dr. to the Bell-tree for4 weeks' lodgingetc.

A . 38 B . 38 Mrs Ecleston Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' lodingand dressing

.

DOCUMENTSIN THE ARCHIVESNATIONALES

A . 39 B . 39 Mr Parker Dr. to the Bell-tree for 5 weeks' lodging etc.

A . 40. B . 40 MrTempest Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' lodging and boarding

Dr. Mr Stapletonfor rooms his sister should have had

C

p . 113]

. 33 C . 34 C . 35 C . 36

C

The4th yearbeginningOctober7th 1749 , Receipts

February27th. Received for 12 weeks lodgingetc. for Mr John Stapylton Received ofMr Thomas Stapyltonfor 10weeks'lodging etc.

January 28th 1749/50 Received ofMr Bracy's son for 4 weeks' lodging and dressing May 22nd Received ofMr Mostynfor 10

C . 38 May 13th Received of Mrs Eccleston for 2 weeks' lodging and dressing

C . 39 June 27th Received of Mr Parker for 5 weeks' lodging etc. 1110

C . 40 August6th Received ofMr Tempest for 2 weeks' lodging and boarding 300 Received of Mr Stapletonfor rooms his sister should have had

N.B. Payd myselffor the discharging aweekly obligation for threeyears by Mr Howard's appointment, the contribution to be given out of the incomeofthe House: 15-0-0

13 Each of the four figures asterisked was originally ten pounds less and was altered to that here printed; see Fr. Bradshaw's note on p 118 of the Account Book The "obligation" referredto on the next line was doubtless that of saying Mass For "Mr Howard" see note 17

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Payd MrHowardtowards the discharging threemoreobligations from the sameincome Layd out upon the House's accountfromthe 7th October1748 to the day ofthe commencement of my 5th year to the5thof Novemberthe dayMr Howardand I settled accounts

[p . 114]

The5thyearbeginningOctober7th 1750.Debts

A . 41 . B . 41 Mrs Pippard Dr. to theBell-tree for 20 weeks' lodging and dressing

A . 42 B . 42 MrSteare¹ Dr. to the Bell-tree for lodgingand dressing 14 weeks

A . 43 . B . 43 MrHodchinDr. to theBell-tree for 7 weeks' lodging anddressing

A . 44 B . 44 MrsTuit Debtor to the Bell-tree and Mr Nugent for 12 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 45. B . 45 Lady Clifford Dr. to the Bell-tree for one week's lodging

A . 46. B . 46 CoronelNugent Dr. to the Bell-tree (payd with Mrs Tuit)

A . 47. B . 47 MrGuttery Dr. to the Bell-tree for 14 weeks' lodging anddressing

A . 48 B . 48 LadyTychburneDr. to the Bell-tree for 11 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 49. B . 49 My Lord Langdale Dr. to theBell-tree for4 weeks' lodging

A . 50 B . 50 MrHodchinDr. to the Bell-tree for4 weeks' lodging

A . 51 . B . 51 MrCreech Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' lodging and dressing

A . 52. B . 52 Lady Smith and Mrs Barkly Drs . to the Bell-treefor 2 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 53 B . 53 Mr Bartlett Dr. to the Bell-tree

A . 54 B . 54 Mr DormerDr. to the Bell-tree

11

1 100 000 5 34 16 13 4 300 140 323 5 16 10 000 000 14 Total: N.B. Mr Stear's lodgings were given him gratis: 93 3 3 940 Total received thisyear: 83 19 3

C . 43

C . 44

. 51 C . 52

The 5thyearbeginningOctober7th 1750.Receipts.

February18th 1750/1 Received of Mrs Pippardfor 20 weeks' lodgingand dressing

December 13th Received ofMr Hotchin for 7 weeks' lodgingand dressing

January 27th Received of Mrs Tuitetc. for 12 weeks' lodgingand dressing

November 9th. Received of theRight HonbleLady Clifford for [smudged] we: lodging

March17th. Received ofMr Gutheryfor 14 weeks and dressing

May9th 1751. Received of SirHarryTychburnefor 11 weeks lodging

May20th. Received of my Lord Langdale for4 weeks' lodging

May25th Received ofMr Hotchin for4 weeks' lodging

May 15th Received of Mr Crickfor 2 weeks' lodgingand dressing

September 13th. Received ofLadySmithforlodging and dressing

Received this 5thyear from October1750to October7th 1751:

Expended thisyearfrom November 5th 1750 (the time MrHowardpast the accounts) to October7th 1751:

Remained in my hands at the general stateing the .15 accounts anno 1751:

due to the House:

N.B. £16-9s-3d of this year's expenseswasaccounted for November 5th, otherwise theexpences of this year had been 72-19-10 % and 16-9-3

Total expences ofthisyear: Received: 89-9-1 83-19-3

Spent more than received: 5- 9-10%

N.B. ifMr Stear's lodginghad been payd (£9-4s . -0d) my receipts had been R. 93-3-3 Ex 89-9-1

Balance had then been to the House:

3-14-2 15

The two figures asterisked were originally 23 and 24 respectively and were altered asabove (see Fr. Bradshaw's note on p. 118 of the AccountBook)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

[p . 116]

Dueto the Bell-tree the 6th yearofmy comeing fromlodgers fromthe 7th October 1751 to the 7thOctober 1752 .

A . 53. B . 53 MrBartlett Dr. tothe Bell-treefor6weeks'

A . 54. B . 54 A . 55. B . 55 lodging MrDormerDr. to the Bell-tree for 6 weeks' lodging SirEdwardSmithDr. to the Bell-tree for 19 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 56 . B . 56 Mr StapyltonDr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 57. B . 57 MrWidderingtonDr. to theBell-tree for 5 weeks' lodging

A . 58. B . 58 Mrs Guillmi Dr. to the Bell-tree for one room

A . 59. B . 59 Mrs Symmons Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' one week lodging

A . 60. B . 60 Mr Baker Dr. to theBell-tree for 2 weeks' lodging

A . 61 B . 61 Mr Brookes Dr. to the Bell-tree for a fortnight's lodging

A . 62 B . 62 MrWhittle16Dr.to the Bell-tree for 12 weeks' lodging

A . 63 B . 63 Mr [?] Chabran Dr. to theBell-tree for 3 weeks' lodging

A . 64 B . 64 MyLady MostynDr. to the Bell-tree for 7 weeks' lodgingand dressing

N.B. Here MrWhittle's lodgings are reckoned (thoughnot charged) as received and hiseateing and dressing shouldbe: 550 1 160 50 15 10 320 9 170 07 0 489 0120 0120 3 120 3 150 18 3 6 102 6 1 [p . 117] 110 whichwould make my account : 103 7 1 Mr Whittle's lodgingto bededucted: Dressing deducted : 3-12-0

4-13-0 Due to the House: 103-7-1 Mr Whittle'smoneydeducted : 4-13-0 Due to the House: 98-14-1

Received the 6thyearbeginningOctober7th 1751

C . 53 October21st Received ofMr Bartlett for 6 weeks' lodgingand dressing 550

C . 54 October 23rd Received of Mr Dormer(alias Ld. Dormer) for 6 weeks' lodging 1 160

16 Dom Roger Joseph Whittel O.S.B. (see supra , p 56 & note 283).

C . 55

C . 56

C . 57

C . 58

C . 59

January 13th 1752. Received of SirEdward Smithfor 19 weeks' lodgingand dressing

October20th Received ofThos : StapyltonEsqr.for 2 weeks' lodgingand dressing

December 9th Received ofMr Widderingtonfor 5 weeks' lodgingand dressing

November 25th Received ofMrs Guillmi for one weeks' lodging

January 29th. Received ofMrs Symmons for 2 weeks' lodging

C . 60 Received January 5th, of my Lord Langdale for Mr Baker's lodging

C . 61 Received ofMr Brookes February16th 1752 for 2 weeks' lodging

C . 62

C . 63 C . 64

May 14th. Received of Mr Chabran for 3 weeks' lodgings

June 15th Received of my LadyMostynfor 7 weeks' lodgingand dressing

From October7thto October7th 1752 Received: Expended :

Received this year more than spent: Carryd from the last year as due to the House: Leftinmy hands when I last balanced withMrHoward:

Due to the House:

N.B. MrWhittle's lodgings etc. are notcharged here , nor MrStear'sand his servants in the last year'saccount, both whichwould amount to: and

Servants on MrStear's account when not content:

WhatI advanced in moneyto MrWhittle by orderis to be seen in my other account book and to be repayd . 4-13-0 9- 4-0 13-17-0 1-7-0 15-4-0

[p . 118]

Bell-tree

The Bell-tree accounts from November5 , 1750 to October7, 1752

Balance of last account when stated to Mr Howard , November 5, 1750 : Received since for lodgeings etc. to Debtr . p. cont Expended in house-rent taxes etc. from November 5 to 23 : 5 : 5% October7, 1751:

dittotoOctober7, 1752:

Paid to the Bell-tree

:

:

October7, 1751:

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

83:19 3 servants and p order: 13 : 19 : 0

Received from dittoto October7, 1752: 98 : 14 : 1 £20518 9¾

Debtr 205 18 :9% Credr 172 4 :4½

Balance due: 33 : 14:54

January 23, 1753: The above accounts examined and approved p me.

D.P. Howard, Prov.C.

Theabove statementis in Howard'shandwriting; thenotebelowin Bradshaw's: N.B. There isa mistake in the 3d year's receipts, 10 pound being omitted (see the 3d year) and the balance of the accounts to the* House in the year 1750 when Mr Howard stated them should havebeen £33-5s -5%d instead of £23-5s -5%d . which 10 pounds Iwill repaythe House

[p . 119]

N.B. paydto Mr Howard, November 5th, 1750 when Istated accounts with him: Morewhen I stated accounts , January 23, 1753:

N.B.MrStear's lodgings and dressing for himselfand man should be allowed me (towards discharging the yearly interest upon the House): and likewiseMrWhittle's lodgings etc.:

N.B.19MrStear's lodgings and dressing should be 10 pounds.

N.B. My accounts were passed January 3d [sic ] 1753 byMr Howardfrom November 5th 1750 to October 7th 1752, the beginning ofmy 7th year; but Mr Stear's and Mr Whittle's lodgings etc. as above were not includeddue from the Province to this House but the 12 guineas I advanced to Mr Whittle and the moid [?], or £ 1 7s. Od I gave to servants on MrStear's accountwas accounted for; and as I had at the end ofmy sixth year(i.e.October7th, 1752) in my hands belonging to the House forlodgingetc.: includingthe 12 guineas payd to Mr Whittle and £1-7s. -Od onMrStear'saccount, this being deducted :

20 0 0 13 190 940 4 130

47-13-5% 13-19-0

Thereremained in my hands as due to the House October 7th, 1752, the beginning of my 7th year: 33-14-5%

N.B.MrHowardand I have differed one farthing. "20

17 Dom JohnPlacid Howard O.S.B., ProvincialofCanterbury, 1745-53 (Birt, pp 105, 343)

18 Everythingon this page of the Account Book as far as the asterisk is written on a piece of paper affixed to the pagewith sealingwax; the remainingwordsare written on the pageitself

19 In the originalthis is a marginal note.

20 Perhaps a reference to the error in addition on the preceding page of the AccountBook (credit side)

[p . 120]

DOCUMENTS IN THE ARCHIVESNATIONALES

Dueto the Bell-tree the 7thyear(from lodgers) commencingOctober7th 1752

N.B. For old pewterandbrass

A . 65. B . 65 Mrs Arundell Dr. to the Bell-tree for 10 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 66 B . 66 Mrs CaryDr. to the Bell-tree for one week's lodging

A . 67 B . 67 MrMaireDr. to the Bell-treefor8 weeks' lodging

A . 68. B . 68 Mr SouthwellDr. to the Bell-tree for one week

A . 69. B . 69 Mr BarkleyDr. to the Bell-tree for 6 weeks' lodging

A . 70 B . 70 MrFurnace Dr. to the Bell-tree for 5 weeks'

A.71.B.71 lodging Mr GradellDr. to the Bell-tree for 21 weeks' lodging

A . 72 B . 72 Mrs Scarisbrick Dr. to the Bell-tree for 3 weeks' lodging

A . 73 B . 73 Mr Jones Dr. to the Bell-tree for one weeks' lodging

A . 74 B . 74 Lady MostynDr. to the Bell-tree

[p . 121] Received the 7th year commencingOctober 7th 1752 from lodgers

N.B. For old pewter

C . 65 January 1st 1753. Received ofMrs Arundell for 10 weeks' lodgingand dressing

November1st 1752. Received ofMrs Caryfor one weeks' lodging

April 25th . Received of Mrs Mairefor 8 weeks' lodging

March6th. Received for Mr Southwell'slodgings

June 24th Received of Mr Barckley for 6 weeks' lodging

June 14th. Received of Mr Furnace for 5 weeks' lodging

Received ofMr Gradellfor 21 weeks' lodging

June 12th Received of Mrs Scarisbrickfor 2weeks' lodgingand dressing

June 18th Received of Mr Jones for one weeks' lodging

Received this7thyear from October7th 1752 to

October7th 1753: 58 190

Spentthisyear: Received this year: £

Spent morethe [sic ] received: 1162 %

[p . 122]

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

N.B. the expenses of this year were muchdiminishedbytaxes and other dues not being demanded till the yearwasexpired, which are placed to the accounts ofthefollowing year.

Balance due to the House, October7th 1752 when the accounts were passed: The deficiences of this year deducted :

Dueto the Bell-tree the 8thyear commencing October7th 1753

A . 74 . B . 74 Lady MostynDr. to the Bell-tree for 7 weeks '

A . 75 . B . 75 MrConquest Dr. to the Bell-tree for 7 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 76 B . 76 Mrs MoningtonDr. to theBell-tree for 7weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 77. B . 77 Mrs Lee Dr. to the Bell-tree for 14 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A

A

Miss Hardland Dr. to the Bell-tree for 28 weeks MrMostyn Dr. to the Bell-tree for one weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 80 B . 80 Mr MeredithDr. to theBell-tree for 8 weeks

A . 81. B . 81 Mrs Fairfax, alias Harvy, Dr. to the Bell-tree for X (see 86)

A . 82 B . 82 Mr Barckeley Dr. to the Bell-tree for 3 weeks

A . 83 B . 83 MrsMolloy and Mrs Dayly Dr. to the Bell-tree

A . 84 B . 84 Mr BennionDr. to the Bell-tree for 3 weeks' lodging

A . 85 B . 85 SirEdwardSmith's21 Butler John [space] due to the Bell-tree 3 186 4

[ p . 123] Received the 8th year ofmy comeing , commencing October7th 1753

C . 74 October20th. Received of my Lady Mostynforlodging and dressing

C . 75 October31st Received of Mr Markhamfor Mr Conquest's lodgingand dressing 21 14 8

21 Probably Sir EdwardSmythe, 4th Bart , of Acton Burnell (Kirk, p.214).His brother Walter, when living in Bath many years later, had a butler called John Owen (Reg 1).

C . 76 November 24th Received ofMrs Moningtonfor 7 weeks' lodgingand dressing

C . 77 February4th 1754. Received ofMrs Lee for 14 weeks' lodgingand dressing

C . 78 May23: Received ofMiss Hardland for 28weeks' lodgingand dressing

C . 79 Received December 25 ofMr Mostynforone weeks' lodgingand dressing

C . 80

C . 81

Received of Mr MeredithApril 16 for7 weeks' lodging This line is blank

C . 82 May9th. Received ofMr Barckleyfor 3 week

C . 83

July25: Received ofMr Molloy and Mrs Daylyfor 2 [?] weeks' lodgingand dressing

C . 84 lodging

September 23d Received ofMr Bennion for 3 weeks'

C . 85 theselodgingetc. given gratis

Received this8thyear: Spent this8th year on all accounts: Received this8th year: Spent more than received: Balance due to the House from otheryears: Deficiencyofthis year to be deducted:

N.B. Advanced toMr Warmold, 22 tobededucted : [p . 124] 9th yearcommencingOctober7th 1754, due for lodgings

A . 86 [sic ] MrsFairfax (alias Harvy) Dr. to the Bell-tree

A . 86 B . 86 Mr MolineuxDr. to the Bell-tree for 9 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 87 B . 87 MrEnglefieldDr. to the Bell-tree Mr Gillybrand23 Dr. to theBell-tree for

A . 88 B . 88 lodging

A . 89 B . 89 Mrs Pepper to the Bell-tree for 10weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 90 B . 90 Mr Berkeley Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' lodging

A100 B100 Mrs Fairfax Dr. from March 3d 1755

:

22 DomJohn Bernard WarmollO.S.B. (Birt, p 127)

23 Perhaps one oftwo Jesuits of this name; cf. Foley, VII, pp 313-4

p . 125]

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

The following statement is in the handwritingofDomHenry .24 Wyburne :

The Bell-tree accounts from November 7th 1752 to the4th August 1755

Bell-tree Debtr

To Balance of last account: 33 14 5

Received for lodgeings from October7 , 1752 to October 1753: 58 190

Received for Do. to October1754: Do. Received to August4th 1755:

Bell-tree

15 6

19 7

Total Debtr: 32286 %

Expended in house-keeping, house rent , taxes and parish dues and repairs from the7thof October 1752 to October7th 1753:

Expended to the7thof October1754:

Expended in Do. to the4th ofAugust 1755: August5th 1755 to MrWyburnearrears due:

Debtr: 322 8 64 Credr : 271 14 2½

Due to Balance: 50 14 34

August5th 1755 the above accounts examined and admittedofp me D. Hen Wyburne , Prov Cant.

In Bradshaw's hand: N.B. this should have been 92 poundsetc.and the 10 poundsI expended this year more than mentionedorcharged balanced for the 10 pound in the 3d year received and not charged. I began to correct thewholeaccounts but found it perplexingso meade this shortmemorandum which shewsthey are justinthe whole: thereis a mystake of a shillingetc.

9thyear. received forlodgings

February 1st. Received ofMrs Fairfax £50 the 3d ofMarch.March22d £43 5s due for lodgingand dressing

C . 86 January 25th Received of Mrs Molineuxfor 9 weeks' lodgingand dressing

C . 87 May20th. Received ofMr Inglefield

C . 88 24 March 20th. Received ofMr Gillibrand for lodgingand dressing 93 5 0 18 14 8 326 1 140

Provincial of Canterbury; cf. Birt, pp 107, 343 (the latter page gives the correctdateon which he became Provincial: 1753 , not 1750).

25In the original, the note in Bradshaw's hand, printed at the end of this pageof theAccount Book, is written alongside these figures

C . 89 May25th. Received of Mrs Pepper for 10 weeks' lodging anddressing

C . 90

May8th. Received ofMr Berkeley for2 weeks'lodging

Received:

N.B. The27 pounds mentionedto be payd to Mr Wyburnefor arrears includes 4 guineas advanced toMrWarmold byMrWyburne'sorders, which 27 pounds ifMrHowardaccepts forallarrears supposed to be due from the Bell-tree (as MrWyburneimagines he will) there willthenbedueto Mr Wyburne fromtheBell-tree House (or to whoever is Provincial) on the7thofOctober 1756 the summe of 10 pounds ; but ifMrHowarddoes not accept of the aforesayd summe of 27 pounds forall supposed arrears, thenMrWyburne has received (morethan is due to him at this time) seven poundseight shillings, and there will be only 2 pounds, 12 shillings due to the ProvincialfromtheBell-tree, October 7th 1756

N.B. There was spent upon the House and chappelland myself the9thyearfrom the7th ofOctober1754 tothe6thof October 1755:[p . 126]

House expensesbeforethe accounts werestated by MrWyburne

House

after, and beforethe end ofthe7thyear

7th year

7 6 N.B. The carpet and carriage cost me only £5 10s . 6d

A . 100B100 The 10thyear commencing October7th 1755. Duefor lodgings

Mrs Fairfax Dr. fromMarch3d 1755 [no figure entered]

A . 101 B101 Mrs HydeDr. to the Bell-tree for 5 weeks' lodging etc.

A . 102 B . 102

A . 103 B . 103

A . 104 B . 104

A . 105 B . 105

Mr ThorntonDr. to the Bell-tree for one week lodgingand dressing

Mrs Piggot Dr. to the Bell-tree for 22 weeks'lodging

MrJones Dr. to the Bell-tree for aweek's lodging

MrAllen Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' lodging

A . 106 B . 106

A . 107 B . 107

A . 108 B . 108

A . 109 B . 109

A . 110 B . 110

A . 111 B . 111

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Madam Howard26 Dr. to theBell-treefor 10 weeks' lodgingand dressing

Mr DormerDr. to the Bell-tree for4 weeks' lodgingand dressing

Lord DormerDr.to the Bell-tree for 5 weeks' lodging

Mr Leith Dr. tothe Bell-tree for a fortnight's lodgingetc. 0130

Mr Chichester Dr. to the Bell-tree for 5 weeks

Mr Welch Dr. to the Bell-tree for 2 weeks' lodgingand dressing

A . 112 B . 112 Lord Dormer Dr. to the Bell-tree 000

Dueand received this 10thyear: 74 0 10

[p . 127]

C . 101 £ s d lodgingetc.

December 27th. Received ofMrs Hydefor 5 weeks'

C . 102 November 12th Received ofMr Thornton for one week's

C . 103

C . 104

C . 105 lodgingand dressing

C . 106

C . 107

C . 108

May 2nd. Received ofMrs Piggottfor 22 weeks' lodging

December 9th Received for Mr Jones's lodging etc.

December 19th Received of Mr Allen for 2 weeks'

C . 109 lodgingetc.

April 19th 1756. Received ofMadam Howard for 10 weeks' lodgingand dressing

May 8th. Received of Mr Dormerfor4 weeks' lodging and dressing

June 1st Received of Lord Dormerfor 5 weeks' lodging

July 5th . Received ofMr Leith for 2 weeks' lodging

etc.

C . 110 July 29th. Received ofMr Chichester for5 weeks' lodgingand dressing 730

C . 111 September 3d Received ofMrWelch for2 weeklodging and dressing 263

Received this 10thyear: 740 10

Spentthe 10th year in rent, taxes, repairs, housekeeping etc.: 8217132* Received this 10thyear: 740 10

The deficiences ofthis 10thyear: 8 16 3½ *Against this entry is written, it was only £82 16s 10½d

Balance due to the House last year:

Deficiences this year:

29 17 6/2 8 16 3 21 13

Thisshould have been only £11 1s 3d but if we add the£10 mystaken infavourofthe House it will be the summe mentioned

Perhaps Mary Agnes (Anne) Howard, Abbess of the"Blue Nuns" inParis ,for whom see C.R.S., 8, p 371.

Incomes due for lodgings the 11thyearcommencing October7th 1756

A . 112 B . 112 Lord DormerDr. to the Bell-tree for5 weeks' lodging etc.

A . 113 B . 113 MrEnglefieldDr. to the Bell-tree fora fortnight's lodgingetc.

A . 114 B . 114 Captain Paston Dr. to the Bell-tree for 4 weeks' lodging

N.B. The remainder ofMrs Fairfax'slodgings to the time ofher death27 N.B. her servants remained somewhile after for which is nothingis charged

A . 115 B . 115 Mr DormerDr. to the Bell-tree for4 weeks' lodging and dressing

Presentsmade this and other years:

End ofBradshaw's debit entries: thefollowingare by Fr.Naylor:

Receipts for lodgingand dressing

C . 116 [sic ] Mr Leigh came the 6th ofAugust 1757;had a room at 6 shillings aweek .

Duefrom Mr Leigh for 4 weeks' lodgings till the4th ofSeptember : £ 1 4s. Od

Mr John Chichester came to the Bell-tree the 26 ofOctober; he at first had two bedchambers and a dining roomat 10 shillings per week eachwith theroom onthe back stairs at7 shillings perweek and a garret at5 shillings per week.

Thenthe second week ofhis coming had a servants' hall at 5 shillings p week . He staid here till November the 6th himself; lady and Mr Paston's family went offthe 8 of November 1757. Duefor 6 weeks: for lodgings, 16 pounds;for dressing to the 30 of November, £2 5s Od.

Mr Walmesley Lord Bishopcame to boardhere the 11th ofNovember and to lodge the8thof December 1757

. 118 £16 00s. Od

Described in two earlier entries (pp 122 & 124 of Account Book) asalias Harvy In the burial register of BathAbbey the interment of a MrsMary Harvey on 9 June 1755 is recorded (R.B.A. , p. 443).

B . 121

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Mrs Chichester came to the Bell-tree on Thursdaythe 5thofJanuary; had a room and parlourat 7 shillings per week each , the paper roomat 6 shillings and a garret at5 shillings per week.

B . 120 Mrs Web owes from Michaelmas to the 29th of December 1758 [nofigure]

B . 121 Mr John Chichester and lady had two seven shillingrooms and the paper roomat6 shillings each with a garret forten weeks and a servants'hallfor8 weeks .

[p . 129] [Bradshaw's hand]

Received for lodgings this 11thyearcommencing October7, 1756

C . 112

October24th Received of Lord Dormerfor 5 weeks' lodgingetc.

C . 113 November [blank] Received of Mr Englefieldfor a fortnight's lodgingand dressing 0173

C . 114

C . 115

December 8th. Received ofCaptain Paston for 4 weeks' lodging Received for Mrs Fairfax'slodgings (arrears) to the time of her death April 30th. Received of Mr Dormerfor4 weeks' lodging anddressing

Presentsmade this and other years:

End ofBradshaw's credit entries: thefollowingare byNaylor:

C . 116 Paid byMrLeighfor4 weeks' lodgings at6 shillings per week , September 5th

C . 118 Found in the church box August24th 1757

Received of Mr John Chichester the 5 ofNovember 1757 for lodgings

Received from the samefor dressing to November 30th

Received fromMrs Chichester ofArlington for one week's dressing after the departure ofMr Chichester , December 7th

C . 119 MrWalmesley went away the 31stofJuly.

C . 117

Received ofMr John Henneage of Cadeby for lodgings 28 fromthe 22d of September till the29 ofDecember A.D. 1757 the sum of £19 05s Od

Item for dressing to December 25th 1757

See supra., p. 63. C.R.S. 59 contains much on thisfamily.

C . 120 C . 121

DOCUMENTS IN THE ARCHIVES NATIONALES

Item for lodginghim and his brotherWinsor, withdressing to March 13th

Mrs Web paid for her garret a quarternowdue

Mr JohnChichester paid for lodgingand dressingfor the familyand MrPaston's dressing

[p . 130, unnumbered]

B . 122

1759

Mrand Mrs Paston of Horton for a bed-chamber, garret8 weeks;withanothergarret 3 weeksfor

B . 123 MrEnglefield

B . 124

B . 125

B . 126

B . 127

B . 128

B . 129

B . 130

B . 131

B . 132

B . 133

B . 134

For MrWindsorHenneag's lodging4 weeks, see MrsWeb for agarret, a quarterdue lastLady Day

Lord Dormerowes for lodginghere six weeks, 1-16-0, his dressing not beingtaken notice of, being verylittle and wont formerly to have been never counted

Lord Dormerstaidhere in September 6 weeks at 6 shillings per week

MrJohn Stonorstaid here tillMarch 9th, having occupied a bed-chamber , parlourand garret

MrsLorymer, daughter and maid lodged and boarded here part ofthree weeks till November 26th

Miss Mosten and Blundelstaid here with a maid 9 weeks: viz 6 weeks out of season and three weeks in season

MrCharles Englefieldstaid here sevenweeks , havinga room at 7 shillings and also boarding

MrEdwd . Markhamhad his roomfor4 weeks, at 10s. each Wm . Middleton Esq ofStockhill staid here tillApril24, beingpart of sevenweeks: for his lodgings, dressing and two dozen and half of old bottlesand hamper at three shillings

MrJohnStonor Esq. staid till the 30th ofMay. Having lodged here six weeks , his nephew paid 4 weeks for thegarret, whereforeremainonly two weeks forthegarretdue, besideshis own lodgings

B . 135 MrThos . Stonor staid tillMay 14th Had for thefirstweek a bedchamber , then afterwards for part of three weeks also a diningroom Two of these last weeks in season , the third week out ofseason

B . 136 Miss Betty Stonor staid till June 20th, having occupied one room in season2 weeks, out of seasonthe sametwo weeks and lastly 2 rooms for three weeks

B . 137 The Right Honble. Lady Molyneuxlodged here fiveweeks till July 31st

TheBell-tree accounts from the4th ofAugust 1755 tothe 21stofAugust1759:

29 Stockeld , Yorks

. 134

135

. 136

. 137

p . 131]

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Do.forlodgeings: 25116 Do. to donations: 186 16 4

Total received:

N.B. Theaccounts here begun in a hurry August 21 , 1759 , are settled in the book of general accounts by theV.R.

MrHenryWyburne , Provinc Cantuar

John Rowe Esqr staid here two weeks

The Honble . Mrs Carystaid here eleven weeks and six daysin season , and nineweeks out of season till March 3d 1760 , thewholefor lodgings being £55. 18s 4d

1758. Receipts for lodgings and dressing.

C . 122 From Mr and Mrs Paston, paid for lodgings

C . 123 C . 124

C . 125

C . 126

C . 127

Paid forMrWindsorHenneage, see C . 117 above Paid for a garret May 6, a quarterdue last 24 of March by Mrs Web May 16th Received of Lord Dormerfor lodginghere six weeks

and

July 4th. Received a quarterdue 24 last for a garret,from Mrs Webb

October8. From Mr Peter Holford and JohnWrightEsqres for hereand boarding8 days, unexpectedlydetained October24th 1758. Received of Lord Dormerfor six weeks' lodgings and for otherexpences

C . 128 March8th 1759. Received from Mr John Stonorfor lodgings and dressing in and out of season

C . 129 MrsLorymer paid November 26th for herlodgingand boarding . 006 166 The twelfth ofJanuary 1759 the Honble . Mrs Webb paid forhergarret

C . 130 April 1st, 1759. Received ofMiss Mostynfor lodgings and dressing

C . 131 Received April 2 ofMr Englefield for lodgings and boarding here 7 weeks

C . 131 April6, 1759. Received ofMr Edw . Markam for4 weeks' lodgings 002 00

C . 133

C . 134

C . 135 April 23. Received ofWm Middleton Esq for lodgings, dressing, viz. dozen and half ofbottleswith an old hamper May 29 , 1759. Received of John StonorEsq for his lodgings here six weeks , his dressing and two weeks agarret May 13th, 1759. Received ofMr Thos Stonorfor lodgings June 8, 1759. Received ofthe Honble. Mrs Webb for her garret halfa year's rent, being the last inalllikelyhood, according to the agreement made in A . 120

C . 136 June 19, 1759. Received ofMiss Betty Stonorfor lodgingand dressing 004 10 8

Received for lodgings and dressing thisyear, Total: 086 18 1

C . 137 July 31, 1759. Received of theRight HonbleLadyViscountess Molyneuxfor lodgingand dressingforfiveweeks 014 10 5

8 6

C . 138 Received ofJohnRowe Esq for lodgingand dressing two weeks the 8th ofOctober 1759 003 19 7%

C . 139 November 21, 1759. Received ofthe Honble . Mrs Caryfor lodgings 018 00 0 Item: April 11th 1760. Received for lodgings from the Honble Mrs Cary 037 18 4 For damagessuffered fromthat Hon. Lady 001 09 2 January 4th 1760. Received of theHonble. Mrs Webb for her garret , being halfa year's rent, nowelapsed at Christmas 003 00 0

07 12 [p . 132]

B . 140

B . 141

Lodgings , 1760 MrPhill. Langdale staid here six weeks, all counted outof season; as severalpressed him to quithis lodgings, he always eatabroad, so there was nodressing Mr Englefieldstaid here till the20th of July; his different absencesbeing counted , the timewas computedabout sevenweeks

B . 142 John Bodenham Esq. staid here till November 2d, part of seven weeks ,2 out of season as reckoned and five in season , witha truckle bed a day or two afterarrivalat2 shillingsand 6 pence Dressing was agreedfor at5 shillings per week

B . 143 Mrs Gentil stayed till March 2d 1761: eleven weeks, three in seasonand eight outofseason

B . 144 Willm. ScarisbrickEsq. remained here tillMay 12 ,being six weeks

B . 145 Mrand Mrs Orpwoodstayed here till June 14th .Ihad been intreatedto let the parlors cheaper; this was a promise Imade to Mr Orpwood, yet nothingfixed

B . 146 Mrs Lucy Thomsonstaid here tillMay4th 1762, having had the dinningroom, the bedchamber and a garret allat that time besides three weeks thehall and another room which on her long stay I let herhave atfive shillings per weekas a garret

B . 147 JohnChichester Esq and ladywent awaywithWm . Paston and lady on the 24th ofMay 1762. But Mr Chichester and lady, returningwithservants on the 31st ,retook the same appartments , besides thewhite room, and stayed to July 5th

145

. 148

. 149

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Miss Sayer stayed to August6th But soon , having parted

B . 150 withhermaid , mineattended her and thereforenothing was thencountedher for the turn-up bed in theparlour

B . 151

B . 152

B . 153

Mr Joseph Baker stayed to July 19thand left his wife and maid till the6thof August So thatfor five weeks were due and athis departure paid £9.10s.Od . asthe restwas paid by his wife at her departure

Mr Charles Englefieldstayed to August 15th.,

Mrs Vandercame stayed toAugust24th, boarded and lodged

Miss Allice Rice stayed 56 weeks, boardingat 10s lodging at 7s

John Chichester Esq and lady stayed here to the21 of December, being eight weeks, withMrPaston

C . 140 Received June 1st 1760 ofMr Phill. Langdale for

A.D. 1760

C . 141 July 20th. Received ofMr Charles Englefieldfor lodgings and boarding part ofsevenweeks

C . 142

Received July 22, 1760, of theHonble Mrs Webb forher garret, half a year's rent, due last Midsummer

November2 , 1760. Received ofJohn Bodenham Esq for7 weeks' lodgings and dressing all due , the sum of

C . 143 March2d 1761. Received of Mrs Gentil all due for lodgings and dressing for Miss Rice to thistime

C . 144 Received May 11th ofWillm . Scarisbrick Esq for lodging anddressing for six weeks ,alldue

C . 143 N.B. Received April 23, 1762 from Mrs Gentil all due for Miss Alice Rice as agreed on last March2d,when Mrs Gentil departed 21 7 6

C . 145

C . 146

C . 147

MrOrpwood, being suddenly seizedwith sickness ,went away June 14th 1761 without paying , but returningApril 28, 1762, he paid as agreed on all accounts infull December 9th . Received ofV.R. Mr JohnHoward30 for boarding himselfand servant

Mrs Lucy Thomsonpaid May3, 1762 all due for lodgings and dressing July 5th 1762. Received ofJohnChichester Esqr alldue for lodgings and dressing

30 President-General of the English Benedictine Congregation , 1753-66 (Birt, p. 336).

. 148

C . 149

C . 150

D . 151

D . 152

D . 153

August6, 1762. Received ofMiss Sayer for lodgingall dueto thisday ofher departure from Bath

A.D. 1762 , June 27th Received of the Rt Honble Ld Bp of Rama for his board 31

August6th 1762. Received of Mrs Mary Baker , and beforefrom hergood husband, all due for boardingand lodging

Received forlodgingand boarding , January 18 , 1763 of Mr Englefield

MrsVandercame paidAugust23dfor her board and lodging

Received ofMrs Gentil October3d 1763 for Miss Al Rice boarding

From dittofordto boarding

January 8, 1763. Received ofJohn Chichester Esq of Arlington forhis and Mr Paston's lodgings and dressing, alldue

[p . 134]

B . 154 Mrs Mulcraim and Mrs Burck stayed here to Marchthe second, having remained six weeks

B . 155 Edwd . Harrold Esq., lady and son stayed here to the8thof July 1763

B . 156

B . 157

B . 158

B . 159

B . 160

B . 161

B . 162

B . 163

B . 164

B . 165

B . 166

B . 167

Mrs Doughty, son and daughter staid here till January 9th 1764, 2 weeks out of season and 13 in season

Thos. Suffield Esq stay to February17th 1764; all along keeping the rooms agreedon

JohnChichester Esq stayed to February20th, one week

Mr Eccles from Mr Lorimer'sofPerthyrestayhere till Thursdaythe 7thof June , being 11 weeks for lodgings and sevenweeks for boarding

A.D. 1764, June 10th Miss Hellen Burke and MrsNacqten set offfor Hammersmith , having lodged and boarded here nine weeks

HumphreyTrafford Esq of Croston stayed here till the23dof June , that is eleven weeks, with his servant-man

Miss Helen Burke and Mrs Nacqten staid here tothe 6th of December 1764

A.D. 1765. SirWalter Vavasour and family staid to the21st ofJanuary

TheV.Rd. Mr Howard , Presid Genl , stayed withhisservant in this House to the fifteenth ofFebruary1765

Mrs Fenwick stayed to the 17th ofNovember

Mr Stanley stayed to the 26th ofOctober

The V.Rd. Mr Jon Howard , Prest G. , stayed here withhis servant to the 10th ofFebruary1766

31 Bishop Walmesley

32 Thomas Eccles O.F.M.; cf. Thaddeus, The Franciscans in England (1898) p. 176

33 See supra , p 63& note 313

B . 168

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Philip Jones's lady and sister stayed here, the Esquire returninghome and comingback again, to the 20thof March 1766

B . 169 MrThoms . Suffield stayed withme to the 16thof May, that is fourweeks

B . 170 John Tuite Esq. and sister stayed here till November 4th, four weeks;but the last weekMr Tuite had the side room, kindly givingplace to Mrs Curson

B . 171 Mr Jno Darrell stayed to January31st 1767, deductinga week at Wardour

B . 172 Mrs Cursons stayed to the 8thofMarch 1767

B . 173 Mr Elliotstayed to the 2d of March1762 [sic ]

B . 174 MrWillm . Metcalf stayed here to July 8th, being nine weeks , and boarded all the time; having tea , coffy, suggar etc. found him

B . 175 Mrs Markhamstayed here on the conditionsfirst agreedon to the9thofApril 1768

D . 154 March2d 1763. Received in full for lodgingand dressing from Mrs Mulraim and Burk

A.D. 1763. May 27. Received for boardingof the R.Rd.Ld.Bp. of Rama 1200

D . 155 July 8th 1763. Received ofEdwd HarroldEsq. for lodging and dressing in full from the 14thofMarchlast January 2d 1764. Received ofthe Honble . Mrs Webb 1/4 elapsed for hergarret

D . 156 January9th 1764. Received ofMrs Doughtyalldue for lodgingand dressing, comprising the stay of Mrs Manock for 2 weeks

D . 157

D . 158

A.D. 1764. February17th Received of Thos SuffieldEsq alldue for ten weeks' lodgingand dressing

16 1

A.D. 1764. February26th Received of JohnChichester Esq. alldue for lodgingand dressing one week 09 13 0 220

D . 159 A.D. 1764. June 7th Received ofMr Eccles all due for lodgings eleven weeks at 7 shillings in and outof season , and boardingsevenweeks at ten shillings a week 730

D . 160 A.D. 1764. June 8th. Received ofMrs Nacqten alldue for lodgingand boarding Miss Helln Burk and her selffor nineweeks 013 12 0

D . 161 A.D. 1764. June 22d Received of Humy. Trafford Esq all duefor lodgingand little or no dressing 012 17 2

A.D. 1764. July 1st Received for boardingoftheR.R.L.Bp. Rama 14 8 0

D . 162

D . 163

A.D.1764 December 5th. Received ofMrs Nacqten alldue for boardand lodging 01800

A.D.1765 January 18th Received ofPeter Vavasour Esq in full 31 18 6

D . 164

D . 165

DOCUMENTS IN THE ARCHIVES NATIONALES

A.D. 1765. Received ofV.Rd.Howardfor boarding his servant February 14th . Lodgings not counted , but fire, candle etc.for his V.Rd.Paterny from last December 18th .

A.D. 1765. May 18th. Received of Ld.Bp.Ramath out ofhis kindness forboarding , thoughby publicact settled to live and be found here subsistence

November 17th 1765. Received ofMrs Fenwickall due for lodgings and dressing

D . 166 October26th 1765. Received ofMr HenryStanley in full for lodging and boarding all due

D . 167

D . 168

D . 169

D . 170

February9th 1766. Received of the V.R. Mr Jno Howardfor his and servant's board

March 19th 1766. Received ofPhil Jones Esq alldue for lodgings and dressingvictuals

May 16th 1766. Received ofMr Suffieldall due forboard and lodgings

June 2d 1766. Received for boarding the R.R.Ld.Bp.of Ram

A.D. 1766. November 4th Received ofJohn Tuite Esq all due for lodgings and boarding fourweeks

D . 171 January31 , 1767. Received ofMr Darrellalldue February 14. Received of Honble M.W.34

D . 172

D . 173

D . 174

D . 175

[p . 136]

B . 176

B . 177

B . 178

B . 179

A.D. 1767. March 8th Received in full of Mrs Cath. Curson

A.D. 1767. March 1st Received of Mr Elliotin fullfor lodgings and dressing

May11th1767.Received ofthe R.R.Bp.Ramath . forboarding Mr Metcalffor nineweeks' boardand lodging[nofigure entered]

Received ofMrsMarkham in full for dressing and lodging

A.D. 1769

Mrs John Stonor stayed a fortnight out of season and for thelastweekwasjoined by her husband Mr John Stonor, whofor himselfhad the parlourbedchamber

The Right Honble Lord Fairfax, HonbleMiss, and Mr Bolton' stayed here to the 5th ofMay, being eight weeks

Mr Thos. Daniel , withservant, stayed to January 14th, being five weeks and half

Mrs BearcroftwithMr Youngstayed here to the thirteenth ofApril 1773

N.B. A.D. 1773, July 31.The veryR. Mr Bernard Bradshaw , Prov Cant , having forabout ten days been here , examined all the accounts and my Bill ofPoverty etc., did fully approve of the same But testified a desire that R.J.J.Pl. Naylorwould providesome certain furniture of a more genteel nature , which

34 Doubtless "Mrs Webb" , as in otherentries

35 Dom John Anselm Bolton O.S.B., chaplain to the Fairfaxes ofGilling (Birt, p 125) See also H.Aveling, Northern Catholics (1966) pp 376-7, 385-6;J.McCann &C.Cary-Elwes, Ampleforth and its Origins (1952) passim

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

he was not able from poverty to do; but if abilitiesenabled him afterwards , he promised to complywith, as also togetrid ofthe noise and inconveniencies caused by the School,whichvery unwillingly Mr Naylor had hitherto suffered.

B . 180 A.D. 1773. October25th. Received for V.Rd.Mr Carteretfor lodgingand boardingseven weeks N.B. Boardingat 12s thoughall this [illegible]14

B . 181 MrParkerstayed to the 16th ofOctoberand went to the Parades

B . 182 John BerkeleyEsq and ladywithMr Butler departed December 30th and paid alldue

B . 183 Mrs Luntlodged here to the 17th ofNovember , being eleven weeks , and Mr Standish took otherlodgings

B . 184 Mrs Martin pleadingsicknessand distress, and that she would give no trouble etc., it was agreed she should only pay fiveshillings a week, and this much out ofhumanityfor herafflictions

B . 185 April17th 1775.Clemt Paston Esq. departed and paid his bill

B . 186

B . 187 May 1st 1775. Clemt Paston Esq. departingpaid hisbill Mr Rich and MrsGrig stayed contrary to all their first resolutionsto the 11th ofJune A.D. 1776

[p . 137]

A.D. 1768

A.D. 1768. Received ofMr Walmesley for board ofhim and servant this 2d ofJune

10 0

D . 176 March4th A.D. 1769. Received infullfor lodgingand dressing of Mr Jno. Stonor 306

D . 177 A.D. 1769. Received May4th of the Right Honble. Lord Fairfax alldue for lodgingand dressing victuals 25 86

A.D. 1769. May 22d Received of the Rt.Honble.L.Bp. Ram for his servant's boarding

6 0

D . 178 January13th 1770. Received of Mr Thos. Daniel lodgingand dressing from the5thulto in full Igavehim the half week and the turn-up bed 2159

A.D. 1770. June 19th. Received ofRt.H.L.Bp.Ramafor boardinghim and servant for 38 weeks at 14s p . week, and the apartment eightguineas August3d Received for Mrs Paston, widdow,for lodgings and boardingwith her maid, 1770

0 0 940 October 12th 1770. Received of Jno. Stonor Esq. fora fortnight's lodgingetc. 5 146 June 5th 1771. Received of the Rt.R.Bp.of Rama fortheboard of himselfand servant at 14s per weekfor both, and lodgings eight guineas a year 36 8 0

August 17th 1771. Received ofMrs Paston for herand maid's lodgingand board for a fortnight 3 140

September 26th, 1771. Received of Mr and Mrs Northy for one room, lodging and dressing

Mr [?] Walmesley paid

160

. 179

D . 180

D . 181

D . 182

D . 183

DOCUMENTSIN THE ARCHIVESNATIONALES

April 12th 1773. Received infull ofMrs Bearcroftforlodging and dressing, but nodamagespaid, whichwere many, in breakingglasses, plates etc.; nothing alsogiven my servants

May 21, 1773. Received ofMr Walmesley infull

July 31 , A.D. 1773, ends the visit by V.H.D.BerndBradshaw , Prov . Cant

A.D. 1773. October25th Received for lodgingand boardof MrCarteret

A.D. 1773. October 16th Received in full ofMr Parker

A.D. 1773. December 29th Received of Jno .Berkeleyinfull

A.D. 1774. May 14th. Received of Ld.Bp.Walmesley for boarding

A.D. 1774. December 18th Mr Lunt paid all due forhiswife's lodgings 3 170

D . 184 1775. June 14th. Paid byMrsMartin 3 3 0

D . 185

A.D. 1775. April 17th Received of Clemt . Paston forlodgingand dressing 001 7 1

D . 186 01 7 3

D . 187

A.D. 1775. May 1st Received in full ofClement Paston Esq

A.D. 1775. June 7th Received in full at different times from lodgers for boarding and lodging, thefull sum

N.B. Visit36 038100 here. Bp. of R.

A.D. 1776. March 27th Paid in full by Mrs Martin 010 70

A.D. 1776, May21st Received ofRt.H.Ld.Bp. of Rama for etc. [sic ] 031 100

A.D. 1776. June 11th. Received in full ofMr Richfor lodging and dressing 017 15 11

Endof Lodgers'Accounts ; here followblankpages, then the House Accounts , in Bradshaw's hand . [unnumbered]

1746

The House accounts beginning from October8th 1746 ,the first year ofmy comeing

October15th Expended thefirst week duringMr Stear's stay here

The second week

The third week 4thweek, 2 washers 1s each and and House-expences Morebroughtinto this week's expensesfor coales , flower and washing Mr Steer's shirtsand one of my own November 7th 10 loads ofcoal

5th Week Tea 1qr

6th Week

Malt 4 [illegible] 12s Hetty's account 8s . 2d Sugar 1s . 7d . Tobaco 4% [pence?] A gallon wine for altar extr [?] and House-expences

36 ? visitation; underlined in original and written in margin.

37 Presumably flour

8½

7th Week

8th & 9th Week

10thWeek

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

An old debt for milk 3s . 6d Coals 6s . 6d and other House-expences

December 5th apoor lay

Washing, coals 6s . 6d , repairs, brewingand House-expences

December 10th Letters, journeysand horse keepingto this time [blank]

11th Week

12th Week

13th Week

14thWeek

14th Week [sic]

16th Week

17th Week

18thWeek

19thWeek

20th Week

21stWeek

22nd Week

23 Week

24th Week

Mendingmy wigg 2s Coals 4s . 4d Mendingwindows 8s.10d. and otherHouse-expences

To the waterman 2s . 6d and other expences of the House

To a servant 5s To the barber and boys a New Year's gift 2s . 6d. and House-expences

Land tax 11s . Wine for altar 6s . 8d Coals 4s . 4d and House-expences

To Hothershall£2 2s Od Coals 1s 1d and House-expences

Coals 4s . 4d Oats 6s . 8d and for the water 10s and other House-expences

Hay 3s . 6d . Wax candles 3s . 8d Coals 4s . 4d and other House-expences

House-expences

Poor lay 8s . 3d Hay 3s . 6d Coals 1s 1d and other House expences

Coals 4s . 4d. Flower 3s. Cheese8s . 4d. Butter 4s . 6d

Hay 3s . 6d and otherexpences

House expences

Hay 19s Coals 5s Other expences

6 measuresofmalt and hops £ 1 1s 1d Wine for altar 6s . 8d and otherexpenditure

6 loads ofcoals 6s . 6d. Wax and other House-expences

[ p . 141]

Carryed from other syde [i.e. above] March 25th 1747

Lamp money 4s . 6d. March30th, groundrent £5.2s.4d

March31st, windowmoney 15s . The sameday watch money2s . 3d . The samedayfor musceline38 other House-expences thisweek

House-expences

Stone cutter'sbill £1.4s.5d and other House-expences and

7 loads of coal 7s . 8d and otherHouse-expences

April27, a poor lay 8s . 3d and other House-expences

Altering coatand breeches 16s . 6d and House-expences

Expences

5 4/2

/%

Mending House . Wine for altar Journeyto Horton and other House-expences Probablymuslin(O.E.D.) 288104

33 & 34

35 week 36thweek

37th week

38th week

39th week

40th week

41stweek

42d week

43d week

44th week

45th week

46th week

47th week

48th week

49th week

50thweek

51stweek

52 week

DOCUMENTS IN THE ARCHIVESNATIONALES

A hatt 13s . 3d Pair of shoes

£1.1s.0d and Houseexpences

House accounts

Cloaths £5.15.0d . and House-expences

A gallon of winefor altarand House-expences

July 1st, a poor lay, 4 rates, 11s Water rent 10s. and House-expences

July 8th, back stairs 1s July 9th, window money 12s . 3d Cloaths makeing £3.17s.6d

Myjourney to East Hartery 9s 1d Cloath for waistcoat 19s July 20th, land tax 11s. July 21st, watchmoney4s . 6d withHouse-expences

House-expences

Mending windowsand House-expences

August 8th, for whitewashing the outwallsofthe House £ 1.2s.0d.; for paintinga windowshutter, whitewashing the staircaseand House-expences

Gallonofwinefor altar 6s . 8d Coals 4s . 4d and other House-expences

House-expences

House-expences

34yrdsoffrize at £1.6s.0d A busher [sic ] offlour 7s . other House-expences

Makeing coatand triming

£1.2s.0d. Bushel ofmalt 12s Coals 4s and House-expences

To Hothersal £1.1s.0d and House-expences

House-expences

House-expences

October2d 1747, ground rent £5.2s.4d and Houseexpences

Spent from October 7th 1746 to October7th 1747:

An accountofmoneypayd and spent the firstyearofmycomeingto the Bell-tree

Spent in housekeeping etc., necessaryesfor myself, taxes etc. from October 7th 1746 to October 7th 1747

Payd Mrs Hothershall theexpences ofher journeyfrom Lancashire and for herbox

40

Payd her her wagesfor one year N.B." Thisdoes not contenther

November 12th1746, payd the House debts whichIfound atmy comeing 13011

39 EastHarptree , Somerset .

40 In theoriginalthis is a marginal note

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Paid an afterbill for milk

Paid a glazier's bill

Spent inallthisyear in housekeeping, cloaths, taxes, servants' wages, repairs, letters, journeys, horse hyerand on other accounts from October 7th 1746 to October7th 1747:

N.B. as I laydout on all occasions this year a great deal ofmy own money(the House being in debt at my comeing)I kept but one account , sojoynd the expences uponmyselffor cloathsetc. to the House-expences etc. but shall bewilling to allowfor my cloaths etc.what my Superiorshall think properon thebalanceing theaccountsWhatI spent is to be seen in theparticular accountsor day-book and what I expended in housekeeping and what I received from thechurch-box shall be summed up and accounted for when I make up my accounts

Disbursed

Received this yearfrom lodgers:

October8th 1747 - wantingthen to make up the balance: N.B. I tookethe remainder of the 20 pounds advanced topay debts (whichwas £6.6s.9d ) to buy cloaths as Mr Howardordered me I look uponit as myright.

Whichadded tothe £35.7s.3%d, deficiencyof this year is:

From whichI deduct my own expences thisyear: A bill due from LadyGerningham's cook N.B. Moneyfound in the churchbox Expences in keeping my horse

Inalldeducted from the general accountof thisyearasexpended uponmyselfand horse:

p . 143]

The2d year'sexpences, beginningOctober8th 1747; ending October8th 1748

1747 October 8th

1st week

2d week

3d week Spent October8th, a poor lay 11s 9thOctobera window tax 12s . 3d. and House-expences House-expences

4 loads of coal 4s . 4d For lamps and scavenger 11s . 3d. Coals 3s . 3d and other expences

4th week

5th week

6th week

7th week

8th week

December

9thweek

10thweek

11thweek

12th week

13thweek

January

14thweek

15th week

16th week

February41

17th week

18th week

19thweek

20th week

March

21st week

22ndweek

23d week

[p . 144]

House-expences

3 loads of coals 3s . 3d November 10th, wages to Hothersal £4 4s Od etc. Expences

Butter, 12 pounds, 6s and otherHouse-expences

Wine foraltar etc. and House-expences

House-expences

Coals 9s . 9d A newdoor lock and key 5s . 6d House-expences

Wine for altar 6s . 6d Watchmoney 2s . 3d [or 2s . 6d ]

Repairs and other House-expences

A generall wash 16s . 6d Coal 3s . 3d and otherHouse expences

Chief rent 1s Lampmen 1s and House-expences

Coals 4s . 4d The waterman 2s 6d and House-expences

Land tax 11s . Wine 6s Wax 8s and other Houseexpences

Barrs and door for a boyler 6s . 10d Water money10s Candles 5s and otherexpences

Setting a boyler, flagging in the kittchen and other repairs £ 1 6s Od House-expences

Payd Mollywages9s . 9d and House expences

Payd MrHaviland's billfor Hothersal and myself £3 2s Od To a nurse £ 1 1s. Od. and expences

Wine for altar 6s . 8d Coals 12s and other House-expences

4 poor rates 11s and House-expences

Soap 5s . 6d Butter 3s 2 washers 2s and Houseexpences House-expences

Agallonofwine and House-expences

25th week

24th week Carryed over 6 bushells ofmalt 16s March 22d, watchmoneyand House-expences March 28th 1748, ground rent and churchdues£5.2s.4d. and House-expences

26th week

27thweek

Hanging a room 18s A window tax April5th, £1.4s.6d Poor rates 11s House-expences

A wagon-load of coals carryed gratis 14s and Houseexpences

28th week Spent

41 "February" and "March" are inserted (here, as in the original) in the wrong places; the 17th week began on 28 January and the 21st on 25 February

29th week

30th week 31st week

32d week 33d week 34th week

35th week 36th week 37th week

38th week

39th week

40th week 41stweek

42d week

43dweek

44 week

week 46 week

week 48 week

49th week

50 week 51 week

52 week

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

A gallon ofwinefor altar, 6s . 8d and House-expences

House-expences

House-expences

A churchlay May 16th, 5s . 6d and House-expences

To the chambermayd 10s . 6d and House-expences

A wagon-load ofcoals carryed gratis 13s . 2d and House-expences

House-expences

14 pounds of soap and other House-expences

June 17th, watch money 4s . 6d and House expences

House-expences

July 4th, 5 poor rates 11s and land tax 5s . 6d and House-expences

Sugar 4s with otherHouse-expences

A load ofcoals carryed gratis 14s.withother House-expences

Washer woman etc. and other House-expences

Sweeping chymneys, joyner'swork and whitewashing and House-expences

Joyner's work and House-expences

2 quarter barrells ofbeer and House-expences

Unloadingcoals and House-expences

2 gallons and halfof wine 15s and House-expences

House-expences, letters etc. 3 waggon-loads ofcoals and the carriage given me £2.0s.0d

Chamber brushes and rubingbrushes and other House-expences

Water rent 10s A gallon of wine 6s and House-expences

A copper pann 9s A gallon ofwine 6s. and Houseexpences

October5th, window tax £1.5s.0d October 6th, ground

£5.2s.4d and House-expences

[p . 145] Coales

Received this 2d year for lodgings from October8th 1747 to October8th 1748: Expended in the same timein housekeeping, furniture

,

The 3d yearbeginningOctober7th 1748

1st week

2nd week House expences

October 14th, a poor rate 11s.; the 18th, lamps etc. 5s.7%d . Wine 6s and House-expences

3d week

4th week

5th week

6th week

7th week

8th week

9thweek

10th week

To the coock5s . To the chamber mayd 5s. Sugar 10s Soap 6s . 4d Land tax 5s . 6d and House-expences

Hothersall remainder of wages£ 3.3s.0d. and Houseexpences

Pewter £1.1s.2d Hair cloath£ 1.2s.0d Wax 7s . 6d and House-expences

Salt butter 6s and other House-expences

A gallon ofwine 6s and other House-expences

Pewter scouring and other House-expences

Soap 6s and other House-expences

Watch money4s . 6d 2 candle sticks 5s . 6d A grateand brass tripet42 17s . 6d and House-expences 3

11th week A fish kettle £1.3s.0d Coals 16s Wine 6s and Houseexpences

12thweek

13th week

14thweek

Postman and waterman New Year's gift 3s . 6d January 4th Land tax 5s . 6d . and House-expences

To Mr Stapleton'sservant 5s. and House-expences January 11th, a quarter's window tax 12s . 6d and Houseexpences

15th week January 18th, a poor rate 11s Wax 7s . 3d Carriage of carpet 4s . 6d, and House-expences

16th week

17th week

18thweek

[p . 146]

To Hothersalbelonging to last years wages £ 1.1s.0d and House-expences

A loadof coals , the carriage given 14s Wine 6s . 8d and House-expences

ToHothersalthe remaining part of last year's wages and to makeing deficiences £3.3s.0d Water rent 10s and otherHouse-expences

21stweek 6 measuresof malt £ 1.1s.0d , hops 3s . 6d and Houseexpences

22d week 23d Coals 14s Soap 3s . 5d and House-expences

24th week A load of coals £ 1.4s.4d. Wax candles 2s.6d and Houseexpences

25th week

26th week

27th week

28th week

29th week

To chamber mayd 19s . 10d Groundrent etc. £5.2s.4d and House-expences

March5th, lamps and scavengers5s.7%d April 11th, land tax 5s . 6d. Wine for altar 6s.A churchlay and stock[?] 8s . 3d. and House-expences

April 12 , a window tax 12s . 6d and House-expences

Scouring pewter2s and House-expences

House-expences

30th week House-expences

42 Trivet (O.E.D.)

31st week

32d week

33d week

34th week

35th and 36thweek

37 week

38thweek

39th week

40th week

41st week

42d week

43d week

44th week

45th week

46th week [p . 147]

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Soap and blew4s . 6d 2 washer women 2s . A gallonofwine 6s and House-expences

A cheese 4s.1d and other House-expences

House-expences

House-expences

A dozen napkins and table cloath£1.1s.0d Shutters for dineingroom£ 1.14s.6d. and House-expences

House-expences 3 loads of coals at £1.10s.0d per load and Houseexpences

Bottlesand corks 7s Washer woman 1s . 6d. and Houseexpences

House-expences

House-expences

July28th, window tax for 1 quarter 12s 6d Quilting 3 days 3s and House-expences:

House-expences

A loadof stones and pitching 6s 10d and House-expences

House-expences

Whitewashing 12s A plummer'sbill 3s 10d and Houseexpences

47th week A washing tub 3s . 6d Soap 3s . 6d Masons2s 6d and otherHouse-expences

13,

House-expences

House-expences

and

Malt 14s . A poorrate 11s and House-expences Water money10s and House-expences 3 Lamps and scavengers5s . 7d Dymothy £ 1 Os Od. Damask 12s .5%d Ground rent and Parson's

and

Spent this third year from October7th 1748 to October7th 1749 in

3d year Ballance due to the House this year: 2d year Last's year's balance:

due to the House:

N.B. I have not as yet received Mr Howard'saccounts for

).

[p . 148]

things bought for the House, whichwill diminishthis balance , nor paydmyselffor discharging a weekly obligation, which when done, my stockwill be butlow , ifanyatall

House accounts for the 4thyearbeginning October7th 1749

1st week A quarter'swindow tax 12s . 6d , October 9th Watch money 4s . 6d [October ] 11th and House-expences

2d week 4 dozen of candles £ 1.6s.6d 7 pound ofwax 8s . 3d Breads 3s etc.

3d week

4th week

5th week

6th week

7thweek

8th week

9th week

10thweek

11th week

12th week

13th week

14thweek

15th week

16thweek

17th week

18th week

19th week

20th week

Halfa hundredof cheeseand carriage 16s . 2d and Houseexpences44

Usquebath and House-expences

Mops and brushes 3s . 6d and other House-expences

A gallonofwine 6s and House-expences

7 pounds of soap 3s . 6d. and otherHouse-expences

House-expences Tea 4s December 11th, watch money 2s . 3d and Houseexpences

More tea 4s . 3d. A gallon ofwine 6s and House-expences

7 pounds ofsugar2s Scouring pewterand Houseexpences 0 133

January8th, to thewaterman 2s 6d. The 9th, a quarter's window tax 12s 6d. and poor rate 11s .To thepostman etc. and other House-expences 115 4

January 16th, a quarter'sland tax 5s and House-expences

To Hothersallwages and to supplyher yearlylossesin buying and other House-expences

Soap and blue 3s . 6d Flower and other House-expences

A ferkin of table beer and hops 3s 1d and otherHouseexpences

Ashesand to a washer woman 1s . 4d. and otherHouseexpences

21stweek ToMr Stapylton'sman upon the House account and Houseexpences

22d week

23d week

24th week

25th week

14thMarch, a churchlay 11s . Water moneythe 16th, 10s . and other House-expences

A bushel of malt 14s Hops 2 pounds 5s and Houseexpences 10 pounds of north cod and other salt fish4s.4%d 7pounds of cheese 19s . 3d. March28th, 1 quarter'swindow taxdue Lady-day 12s 6d and otherexpences

26th week April 3d, to Hothersal wages 1 guinea. Same day,groundrent £5.2s.4d etc. 6 15 2½

44 Usquebaugh or Whiskybae (see O.E.D. underthese) i.e.whisky.

27th week

28th week

29th week

30th week

[p . 149 ]

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Cheese 15s . 7d 6 poor rates 16s . 6d April 12 , lamps and scavengers5s.7%d and House-expences

House-expences

House-expences

May4th and 5th Coals 5 pounds and other Houseexpences

Carryed over

31st week House-expences

32d week

33d week

34th week

35thweek

36th week

37thweek

38th week

39th week

40th week

41st week

42d week

43d week

44th week

45th week

46th week

47thweek 48th week

49th week 50th week 51stweek 52d week

House-expences

Tothe coock 10s . 6d Wine for altar and House-expences

Soap and blue 3s . 6d and other House-expences

4 poor rates and 2s for stock 11s and House-expences

Watch moneyfor half a year 4s . 6d Malt 9s and

chimneys 3s Soap 3s. and otherHouse-

Water money 10s. and other House-expences

10 pounds and half of butter 4s . 4d Bread 2 week 3s . 9d and other House-expences

Lace and mending chairs and House-expences A joyner'sbill 4s. To a painterfor paint 10s. and Houseexpences

A whitewasher's bill 16s . 6d. 40 bushel of coal and Houseexpences ToHothersalpart wages £ 1.s.0d and House-expences House-expences 4 poor rates and stock 11s Watchmoney2s . 3d Salt butter 7s . 6d and House-expences Malt 7s. and House-expences

Spent this4th year from October7th 1749 to October7th 1750 in

[p . 150]

October7th 1750

Ballance carryed over as due to the House: Payd myselffor 3 years, discharging an obligation

£5 p ann:

1st week 2d week

Ballance due to the House:

3d week 4th week expences the 5thyearbeginning October7th 1750

[p . 151]

October8th,groundrent£5.2s.4d . and otherHouse-expences

One quarter'swindow money 12s . 6d Land tax 3s . 9d and House-expences

Breads 2s . 6d and House-expences

A Turkey carpet £5.10s.0d To Hothersalland other Houseexpences

N.B.November 5th 1750, Mr Howardbeing at the Bell-tree , we stated ouraccounts . The ballance from last year due to the House was: House expences from the 7th of Octoberto the 5thof November 1750 deducted :

November 5th 1740. Ballance due to theHouse: November5th 1750. Payd Mr Howardin part of 3 Annuities due from the Bell-tree from Michaelmas 1746. N.B. I discharge the4th obligationmyself.

Then ballance due:

In Howard'shand:

November 5th 1750. I haveexamined the above accounts and approve the sameand find there remains in Mr Bradshaw's hands twenty [sic ] -threepounds, five shillings, five pence and three-farthings

D. Plac Howard , Prov Cant

.

This is rong X [inanotherhand]

Theaccountscontinuedfrom the fourthweek of thefifthyear and 5th ofNovember1750

5th week 6th week

7th week

House-expences ToHothersal£1.1s.0d A subscription5s and House-

. 6d and

-

8th week

9th week

10 week 11

12thweek

13thweek

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

To a gent forsupplyingmy absence 10s . 6d Soap and blue 3s 10d and House-expences 177%

Wine £1.1s.0d. 4 poorrates December 7th, 9s and Houseexpences 224

To coockand chambermayd 10s . 6d To Mr Pleuras [?] servant 5s. Watch money2s . 3d etc. 2111

Tea 10s . 6d To the watchman 1s. and other House-expences 0 19 4½

To the postman 1s and House-expences 0 10 9½

14thweek Lamps and scavengers for a year 13s . 6d To servants £1.7s.0d and House-expences

15thweek

16thweek

Windowmoneyand land tax £1.0s.Od Soap 3s . 6d. and Houseexpences 1 11 0

Mendingthe waterpipes 7s . 6d Water moneyJanuary 24th, 10s . and House-expences

17th week 3 measuresof malt 10s . 6d Hops 2s To Hothersal wages £1.1s.0d and House-expences

18th week

19th week

20th week

House-expences

To Hothersal wages 3s and House-expences

House-expences

21st week A fortnight's bread and flower and other House-expences

22nd week House-expences

23d week

24

25th week

26th week

40 bushells of coals £ 1.1s.8d 4 poor rates 11s . March 20th , watchmoney2s.6d Marchthe [smudged] payd ground rent and Minister'sdues £5.2s.4d March29th, window money 12s . 6d and House-expences Candles for altar and House-expences

27th week House-expences

28th week

29th week

30th week

31stweek

32d week

33d week

34th week

4 bushells ofmalt 14s Breads 3s and House-expences

House-expences

A churchrate 8s . 3d. A journey 10s . 4d and House-expences

A quarterofa poundof tea and otherHouse-expences

House-expences

House-expences

40 bushells of coals and other House-expences

[p . 152] House-expences

Carryed over 35thweek House-expences

36thweek Ajoyner's bill June 20th4745 and House-expences

37th week 4 poor rates June 19th, 11s and House-expences

38th week Sugar and tea 15s Knifesand forks 1s . 10d and Houseexpences

39th week

40th week

41st week

42d week

ToHothersal wages in part £ 1.11s.6d and House-expences

July 11th, waterrent 10s. Wax 10s 6d and House-expences

Payd an yearly aunnuity £5.0s.0d and House-expences

Sheets, table cloaths, towellsetc. and House-expences

45 Perhaps4s 7d

43d week

44thweek 5 pounds of soap 3s and otherHouse-expences 151 096 0 12 6

House-expences

45thweek A cheese3s . 3d Tea and sugar4s 1d and other House-expences0 19 4

46th week House-expences

47th week House-expences 049 083

48th week September 6th, 83% loads of coal £4.10s.5%d and cloathfor towells5s etc.

49th week 4 bushells of malt at 3s . 8d per bushel 14s . 8d. Hops 2s . 8d. for the back stairs etc.

50th week

51stweek

House-expences

52d week 24th September, 4 poor rates 11s. 28th, a whitewasher's bill 12s . 8d and House-expences 1 11 5½

October2d, groundrent and Minister'sdues £5.2s.4d A quarter'swatch money 2s . 3d and other House-expences 512 0

Theexpences of this 5th year from November 5th 1750 , the time MrHowardand Ibalanced accounts , toOctober7th 1751: 72 19 10½

N.B.Sixteen pounds nine shillings and 3 pence of thisyear's expences was accounted for September 5thwhen Mr Howard and I balanced , so that the wholeexpencesofthis year are:-

the wholeexpences of this year: and 72 19 10 % 1693 89 9 1½ butI payd thisyear debts to Mr Howard , whichwere contractedyears

Due to the House: 10 19 412 Due to the House when balanced: Due from thisyear: 23 5 5% 10 19 412

Duetothe House: 34 4 10%

[p . 153] before Received this 5th year: Expended : 8319 3 72 19 1012

House-expences the 6thyear ofmy comeing to the Bell-tree from October7th 1751

1st week

2d week

3d week A window tax October 10thand House-expences Wine for altar .Ajoyner's bill 8s and House-expences To Hothersallremainder ofwages£3.11s.6d and other Houseexpences House-expences

4th week

5thweek

6thweek etc. £1.8s.6d etc.

7thweek

8th week

9th week

Lamps and scavengers6s.5%d. and other House-expences Poackers and 2 setts offyer irons, 16s Newcurtains

House-expences and scouring pewter

Breads for altar 3s and House-expences

House-expences

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

10thweek 18 pounds ofsugar 10s . 6d. Mops and brushes 3s . 6d . Chairs 5s. and House-expences

11th week Carriage of47 pounds of butter from Twerton 3s and House-expences

12thweek To the watchman 1s and House-expences

13th week 4 poor rates January 3d, 11s Watch money2s . 3d and House-expences

14thweek Wine 3½ gallons £1.1s.0d. Butter 3 dozen and cheeseand other House-expences

15thweek January 14th, a window tax and other House-expences

16thweek January 23d, watermoney10s and House-expences

17th week Wax candles 5s. Soap and blue4s. and House-expences

18th week 2 new heaters and mendingothers 2s and other Houseexpences

19thweek Flowersfor the altar 10s To Hothersal £ 1.8s.0d and other House-expences

20thweek 4½ bushells ofmalt 17s . 3d. Hops 3 and 4½ and other House-expences

21stweek 38 pounds of salt fish and 14gallons of wine and sugar £1.2s.6d and House-expences

22dweek 40 bushells of coals £1.1s.8d and other House-expences

23dweek 100 herrings and cheese 11s . 10%d A harthstoneand [sic ] £1.0s.0d and House-expences

24th week House-expences

25th week 28th ofMarch, groundrent and Minister'sdues£5.2s.4d A Paschal candle and House-expences 687

26th week Windowtax 2d April, 12s 6d Land tax 3s Lamps and scavengers6s.5%d. House-expences

27thweek 4 poundof tea 4s and other House-expences

28th week House-expences

29th week Barometer7s . 6d Mopand brush 1s . 6d Carriage of butter and House-expences

[p . 154]

Carryed over

30week Breadsfor altar 6s 40 bushells of coals £1.1s.8d and House-expences

31st week

32dweek Mendingthe sink and other House-expences A chafeing dish 5s Soap 3s . 6d Carriage ofwine 2s and House expences

33d week House-expences

34th week House-expences

35th week To Hothersal, to make up deficiences in buying£1.1s.0d and House-expences

36thweek A glazier's bill 1s . 8d and House-expences

37th week 4 poor rates, June 18th, 11s and other House-expences

38th week Payd Hothersal more of her wages, £ 1.8s.0d A whitewasher's bill 11s . 5d Colours and painting£1.6s.10d Morefor colours etc. £1.0s 10d Putty 2s 6d June 29th, watchmoney2s . 3d and House-expences

39th week House-expences

40thweek 3 bushells of malt 11s 20 bushells of coal10s . 10d.A quarter'swindow tax 12s . 6d , July 9th and the sameday halfa year's land tax 6s Hops 2s . 6d. Another painter's bill £1.14s.5d and House-expences

41st week To a gardiner 1s and House-expences

42d week 8 pounds of soap4s . 6d and otherHouse-expences

43d week A cheese3s . 4d and other House-expences

44th week A gallon ofwine6s and other House-expences

45th week A washer-woman 1s , a milk bill 2s and other Houseexpences

46th week A whitelymer'sbill 12s 10d. Mops 1s . 3d and otherHouseexpences

47th week Tea and coffee 4s . 5d 165 bushells of coals £4.9s.4%d and House-expences

48th week 6 poor rates 16s . 6d A whitewasher's bill 5s . 7d . A

49th

50th 51st

[p . 155]

quarter'swatch money 2s . 3d. 4 bushells of malt 15s . 4d Hops 3s . 9d and other House-expences Payd Hothersal part wages £ 1.8s.0d A joyner'sbill 17s . 4d. Myownannuity fordischarging a weeklyintention£5.0s.Od .

Spent this year 1752: 85

N.B. The paintingof the House thisyearand the whitewashing without and withinand joyner'swork etc. verymuchencreasedthe accounts ofthisyear.

Received this 6th year from October 7th 1751 to October 7th 1752 from lodgers etc. ,Mr Whittle'slodgingnot included: Expended on the House accountinthis time:

Received more than spent thisyear: Lastyear: In my hands when last balanced:

N.B. NeitherMr Stear's lodgingetc. (14 weeks witha servant) nor MrWhittle's lodgings etc. (12 weeks) are accounted foras received althoughcharged as due inmy accounts above They both amountto £13 17s . Od

13 5%

WhatI advanced in money to Mr Whittle, being 12 guineas, is part of the £47 13s 5%d [sic ] due to the House and mustbe eitherrepayd or accounted for when the accounts are balanced with Mr Howard OnMr Stear's account:

January 23d 1753 the accounts were stated to October7th 1752 , the 1st day of my 7th year when I had in myhands belonging to the House £47 13s 5%d ., includingwhat I advanced toMr Whittle. I paid for Mr Stear's £ 1 7s . Od

12

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Both these beingdeducted , there remained in my hands

£33 14s 54d October 7th 1752

[p . 156]

N.B. October7th 1752, to which timethe accounts were stated ,Ihad inmy hands ballance to the House: [Addedin margin:] N.B.Mr Stear's £ 1 7s Od wasplacedto the House accounts and should not have been deducted from the £47 13s. 5d.

House accounts forthe 7thyearofmy beingat the Bell-tree commenceing October7th 1752

1st week

2d week

3d week

4thweek

5thweek

6th week

A gallonofwine 6s Soap 3s. and other House-expences

A quarter'swindow tax 12s . 8d. 2 cheeses 7s . 8d. and House-expences

Coals 18s . 7d Pewter candlesticks and snuffers , saucepan and mendinga wash kettle and other House-expences

House-expences Soap 3s . 6d and other House-expences 2 chairs and a matt 3s and other House-expences

7thweek A sugar loaf and tea 10s 3 dozen ofbutter 18s. and

8th week

9thweek

House-expences

Breads for altar 3s . 6d and otherHouse-expences

House-expences

10thweek House-expences

11th week Ajoyner's bill 4s and other House-expences

12th& Rice, sugar and raysons 6s.0%d and other House-expences

13th weeks

14thweek Aquarter'swindow tax 13s . 6d. of [?] landtax 3s . Watch 1s . To Hothersal 13s . 6d. and House-expences

15th week 3 pounds of soap 3s . 6d and House-expences

16thweek Wax 4s . 10d January 22nd , lamps and scavengersfor a year 12s . 11½d . and House-expences

17th week Cassock for sacrysty 7s.9d.46 Makeing and buttons 4s . 6d. and other House-expences

18th week Apples 2s . 8d To February7: to Hothersal 7s . 6d. and Houseexpences

19thweek 6 poor rates 16s . 6d. 5 gallons ofwine £1.10s.0d

20th week Watchmoney4s . 6d and other House-expences

21st week House-expences

22d week Candles 3s Herrings 3s and other House-expences

23d week Sugar 1s . 8d Bread 3s . 6d and other House-expences

24th week House expences

46 Written 7-9-0, but evidently 7s 9d in view of total in right-hand column.

[p . 157]

House accounts for the 7th year, carryed from theother syde [i.e. above]

25th week House-expences

26th week April4th, a quarter's windowmoney 12s . 6d The same day land tax 3s . Soap 3s . 6d. and otherHouse-expences

27th week A fortnight's bread 3s . 6d and otherHouse-expences

28th week April 13th, ground rent and Minister'sdues£5 2s 4d 3 bushells of malt 11s and other House-expences

29th week House-expences

30th week House-expences

31st week House-expences

32d week 40 bushells ofcoals £1 1s. 8d and other House-expences

33d week Breadsfor altar and otherHouse-expences

34thweek Carriage of butter and House-expences

35th week House-expences

36thweek House-expences, scouring pewteretc.

37th week House-expences

38thweek June 26th, watchmoney4s . 6d Soap 3s . 6d and Houseexpences

39thweek House-expences

40th week Water-rent £ 1 0s. Od Water man 2s 6d and House-expences

41stweek My retribution £5, and House accounts

42d week

43d week Spent in my absencethese weeks, in housekeeping

44th week

45th week In land tax , window tax, August 15. Church dues, the 26th

46th week Soap 11s . 6d and coals4 11s .6d.

47th week

48th week Half a dozen pounds of candles 3s and other House-expences 0 10 10

49th week

50 week

51 week House accounts House accounts

52d

8

Spent this 7th year from October 7th 1752 to October7th 1753 in housekeeping, taxes, repairs etc.: Received from lodgers etc. duringthistime:

Spent this 7th year more than received:

N.B. Aspart ofthe ground rentfor last year and othertaxes due were not demanded tillafter October1753, they are charged in theaccounts of 1754, which diminishes muchthe expences of the [?] year past but will increase the expences of thepresent

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

N.B. Balance due to the House in my hands October7th 1752 when my accounts were passed by MrHoward: Thedeficiences of the last year deducted :

Balance in my hands due to the House:

p . 159]

House accounts for the 8th year of my being at the Bell-tree, commenceing fromthe 7th of October 1753. N.B. Debtsand dues of lastyear, not beingdemanded till this, are placed in this year's account .

1st week

2d week

3d

House expences and mending alock 1s

Quarter's window tax October 19th, 12s . 6d Quarter'sland tax 2s Michaelmas rent October 18th, £5 2s 4d and otherHouse-expences

4thweek Scouringpewterand tining saucepansand other Houseexpences

5thweek

6thweek

7thweek

8th week

9th week

House-expences

Wine for altar 6s Salt butter 4s . 8d Candles 6s. Wages to Hothersal £3 3s. Od and other House-expences

Carriage of lease from London 1s. and House-expences Scouring pewterand other House-expences

Renewingthe lease £ 1 12s 6d For the seale 6s Forentring etc.2s6d and otherHouse-expences

10th week House-expences

11thweek House-expences

12th week Breadsfor altarand other House-expences. Malt 11s Hops 2s . 4d . Wine foraltar 6s

13th week House-expences

14th week Paper 2s. To a gardiner 1s. and other House-expences

15thweek A cheese 3s . 4d 6 poor rates January 11th, 16s . 6d and other House-expences accounts

16th week Beeswax 7s . 6d Clockcleaning and line [?] and other House-

17thweek Mending a carpet 3s and other House accounts

18thweek 2 newgrates etc. £ 1 15s. 8d Setting grates 7s . 6d. and House accounts

19th week 40 bushells of coals £ 1 1s 8d A cheese 3s . 6d and other House accounts

20th week Tea 8s. The carriage of a bed from Swainswick and other House accounts

[p . 160]

Carryed over

21st week A dial 10s. 4 chimneystones 8s. and House accounts

22d week Paveing and pitching£6.5s.6d and other House accounts

23d week House accounts

24th week 40 bushells of coal £ 1.1s.8d and other House accounts

25th week Agallonof wine 7s and other House accounts

26th week Watchmoney March 10th, 4s . 6d and House accounts

27th week 4 bushells of malt 14s . 8d House rent £5.12s.4d and other House accounts

28th week Half a year's window tax £1.5s.0d Ajoyner'sbill 8s . 3d Whitewashing 3s . 7d Land tax 4s etc.

29th week A workman'sbill 3s, and other House-expences

30thweek Opening the shore" in the kitchen 12s.1½d and other House-expences 47

31stweek A cheese4s.4%d To Hothersal part ofwages£2.3s.0d 40 bushells ofcoals £1.1s.8d and other House-expences

32d week Sugar brown and white 12s. Tea 4s and other Houseexpences

33dweek A dozen of wine for altar 18s and otherHouse-expences

34th week Mending the watercock 1s and other House-expences

35th week Collyer'sDictionary48 £1.5s.0d. and other Houseexpences

36th week 7 pounds ofsoap 3s . 6d and other House-expences

37th week House-expences

38thweek Milk 2s and other House accounts

39thweek House accounts

40th week Water rent July 9th, £ 1.0s.0d and other House accounts

41st week To Hothersal part of wages 16s A cheese5s . 8d. etc.

42d week House accounts

43d week 2 annuityes payd £10 40 bushells ofcoals £ 1.1s.8d A plummer's bill 5s . 4d etc.

44thweek Watch money4s . 6d 30 pounds of cheese 9s and other House-expences

45thweek Soap 3s.9%d . To washerwoman etc. and other House-expences1

[In the total, "16" is overwrittenupon "17"; hence the following:] Here is a mystake of a shillingand Ihave corrected some ofthe sums but is is not worth whileto correctall to the end

p . 161 ]

Carryedfrom theother syde

46th week 166 bushells of coals £4.9s.11d Windowtaxfor one quarter 12s . 6d Land tax 2s and other House-expences

47th week House-expences

48th week House-expences

49thweek Malt 10s . 6d Hops 2s . 3d and other House-expences

50th week House-expences

51stweek 7 pounds of soap 4s . 7d . Afortnight's bread 4s and other House-expences

52d week A white-washer's bill 19s . 6d. Paintingwindows£1.5s.Od 24 yards ofsheeting £1.10s.0d 28 pounds of soap 14s .

47

48

19 10

%

Perhaps a reference to timber or metal supports (shore up, O.E.D.)

Probably Jeremy Collier's Great Historical, Geographical, Genealogical and Political Dictionary, based on that of Lewis Morery (various editions; see British Museum Catalogue ofPrintedBooks)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Sugar and tea before 18s . 6d To Hothersal 19s Window tax a quarterdue at Michaelmas last

:

Balance due to the House carryed from otheryears: To be deducted this year's deficiency:

N.B.AdvancedtoMrWarmold , to be deducted :

N.B.Nothing hasbeen received for Mr Stear's and Mr Whittle'slodgingetc.

[p . 162]

House accounts for the 9thyear ofmy being at the Bell-tree commenceing October7th1754

1stweek

2d week

3d week

4th week

5thweek

6thweek

7th week

8thweek

October14th, House rent

£5.12s.4d , and Houseexpences

Beeswax 3s . 1d and other House-expences

Mending thejack £1.10s.0d Wax 7s and otherHouseexpences

House-expences

Dictionary 8s To Hothersal 7s . Cheese£1.5s.Od .Salt butter 10s Carriage of more from Twerton 4s . 2d and House-expences

9th week 4pound of tea and other House-expences

Pairofblanketts£1.5s.0d A glazier's bill 5s . 5d .5 hundredbreads 3s and other House-expences

Cotton for curtains£2 and other House-expences 12 poor rates December 14th, £1.13s.0d An upholsterer's bill £1.7s.3d Aframefor a screen 5s Shutters for the white room and House-expences

10th week House-expences

11th week House-expences

12th week House-expences

13thweek To Hothersal 14s A brazier's bill 6s . 10d and other House-expences

14thweek House-expences

15th week House-expences 0 14 1 095

16th week House-expences 052

17th week House-expences 0882

49 Perhaps a machine for turning the spit when roasting meat (for this and other contrivances of the samename, see O.E.D. ).

18thweek House-expences

19thweek House-expences

20th week House-expences

21stweek House-expences

22 week March 2d to Hothersal wages 11s . 6d A brazier's bill 8s.0%d . and other House-expences

[p . 163]

Carryed over

23dweek 40bushells of coals £1.1s .8d and House-expences

24thweek 4 bushells ofmalt 12s . 8d Hops 2s . 9d and other Houseexpencesand to Mrs Fairfax's mayd £1.1s.0d 50

25th week March26 payd for a weeklyMassfor a yearand Houseexpences

26th week Payd April2d, the window taxfor half a year£ 1.5s.0d .The samedayhalf a year's land tax 4s and House-expences

27thweek April 10th, ground rent £5.12s.4d and House-expences

28th week April 18th, lamps and scavengers 12s 11½d . and Houseexpences

29th week House-expences

30th week May3d, watchmoney9s Close stools 17s, and 40 bushells of coals and other House-expences

31stweek Lackeringthe carts and paintingthe dyal6s and 5 pounds 10 ounces of wax 9s 10d. and House-expences

32d week May 14th to Hothersal wages 17s . 6d and other Houseexpences

33dweek Tothe chambermayd 10s . 6d. To Mrs Pippard's mayd5s . and other House-expences

34th week May 31st, 6 poor lays 16s . 6d AweeklyMassforayear £5.0s.0d A settee bed 67 weeks £10.1s.0d. and Houseexpences

35th week Payd for 6 gallons ofwine received last November £1.14s.8d. and other House accounts

36th week House-expences

37th week House-expences

38th week Sweeping chymneys and other House-expences

39th week Soap 3s . 4d Tea 4s Sugar 10s . 6d and other House-expences and 7 yardsof check to cover a great chair

a

40thweek July9th a church lay 16s . 6d 9 yardsof ticken51 bed 16s . 6d 6½poundsoffeathers 7s . 7d Check fora mattrass 1s . 10d .Wooll and quilting 2s . 3d Sevenyards moreofcheck 9s. 11d To Hothersal wages 14s and other House-expences [sic ]

50 ForMrsFairfax, or Harvey, see pp. 122, 124 , 126 and 128 ofAccountBook; also note27. 51 Ticking .

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Here's a mystakeof £10. It must be £81.17s.6%d. as here corrected instead of£71.17s.6%d . 52 , which makes the expences of thisyearasyou see over the leafe where the mystake is corrected and thisbalances the mystake ofthe 3d year. 53

[p . 164]

Carryed over554

41st week House-expences

42d week July 3d , waterrent and backstairs £1.1s.0d and Houseexpences

43d week A tyler's bill, Mr Attwood £7.17s.0d and other House-

expences

Exceptwhere indicated, thefollowing is in the handof Dom Henry Wyburne: Bell-tree Credr.

Itappears by the accounts that there has been expended in housekeeping, grown [sic.] rent, taxes, churchand poor rates and repairs fromthe 7th of October 1752 to the 7th of October 1753 the sum of:

InDo. to the 7th ofOctober1754: In Do. to the4th ofAugust 1755: In Bradshaw's hand: Here was a mystake of £ 10;it was only 82 before corrected

Paid toMrWyburnearrears due fromthe Bell-tree:

Totall Credr

August5 , 1755. I have examined the above accounts and admit ofthe sameand find there remains in Mr Bradshaw's hands the sum offifty pounds, fourteenshillings and three pence three-farthings. D . Hen Wyburne , Prov Cant.

The remainder ofthepage is in Bradshaw's hand: There is here a mystakeof 10 pounds, so ten pounds less than the sume here mentionedremained in my hands only when they were passed by Mr Wyburne: £40.14s.3 %d.

N.B. Accountscontinuedfrom August 5th 1755 toOctober7th 1755, the end of my ninth year: £ sd

44th week A gallon of wine 6s . 8d and other House accounts

45th week 4 yards of cotton check 6s.4%d To a coock 3s and other 166 House-expences 149

46th week A washer woman one day 1s To a gardener 1s and other House-expences 013 6

52 As originally written

53 Perhaps a reference to Fr. Howard'serror of ten pounds at the foot of p. 150 of the AccountBook.

54 The figuresasterisked in the right-hand columnwere originally £ 10 less; the8, 9,9 and 8 have been overwrittenupon 7, 8 , 8 and 7 .

47thweek Breads for altar 3s . 6d. Coals £5.3s.5%d. and other Houseexpences

48thweek Tothe chamber mayd 10s . 6d. Tea4s and otherHouse-expences1 79

49thweek For tyleing the outhouses £1.5s.0d and other House-expences 1

50th week 4 bushells ofmalt 12s To Hothersall£ 1.1s.0d and Houseexpences

51stweek Agallonofwine 6s . 4d and other House-expences

[p . 165]

Carryed over

52d week Curtains for the parlour£1.10s.0d Rings, tassellsetc. 11s.7%d. A joyner's bill £1.4s.6d Hothersall's wages in part 18s 2 brasssconcescandlesticks for the parlour9s. A double dozen ofknives and forks 8s . 6d. Soap 3s . 6d and other House-expences and an upholsterer's bill 2s6d

Expended since the ballanceing of the accounts: Expended beforein this9thyear not 82 only

Total expended this9thyear on the House:

this year:

:

Received morethanexpended : August5th 1755 *22 1 9/2

Balance to the House whenthe accounts were stated accordingtoMrWyburne's account(a mystake; I have only £49) Expended since:

Remains in hand to begin the 10thyear (a mystake;it is only £19 etc.) See thebeginningofthe 10th year over the leaf.56

The remainder ofthis page, as printed below, is crossed-out.

N.B. Balance from last year due to the House: Received for lodgings this year:

55 The four figures asterisked are as overwritten; originally the first threewere £10 less and thefourth£ 10 more.

56 i.e. p. 166 ofAccount Book .

57 Altered from "3" . This balance is brought forward from p. 123 of the AccountBook.

58 Actually £160.4s.5d - evidentlynot alteredwhen the"3"mentionedin the previous note was altered

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Expended this year when the accounts were balanced the5th ofAugust:

In hand received this year:

Expended and payd arrears when the accts. were balanced:

In hand whenthe accounts were stated: MrWyburneand I differone penny. Thisyear spent since the accounts were balanced from August5th to October7th:

Remains in hand to begin the 10thyear:

17 7%

See on theother syde [i.e. below]the large expences with which theyearbegins

[p . 166]

The expences ofthe 10thyear commenceing October7th 1755

firstweek House-expences

2d week

3d week

4thweek

October 15th, ground rent etc. £5 12s 4d A joyner's bill 15s . 11d . and otherHouse-expences

Agallonofwine 6s . 4d and other House-expences A Turkey carpet £5.8s.0d and carriage 2s . 6d and other House-expences

5thweek A pair of blankets£1.5s.0d. Check for chairs 5s. and other House-expences

6thweek To Hothersal wages 6s . 6d A large cupboard inthe servants' hall and other House-expences

7thweek 36 pounds of salt butter 18s. and other House-expences

8thweek A washer woman 1s and other House-expences

9thweek Mason's bill 4s 1d and otherHouse-expences

10thweek Tea and candles 7s . 9d and other House-expences

11th week Agallon of wine 6s and other House-expences

12thweek December 21st, 4of a year's window tax £1.17s.6d and land tax 6s etc. Expences

13thweek House-expences

14thweek To Hothersalwages 15s and other House-expences

15thweek Wax20% pounds

£1.11s.7d. and otherHouse-expences

16thweek February4th 1756, 10 poor rates

£1.7s.6d and other House-expences

17thweek House-expences

18thweek Aquarter of a poundof tea and other House-expences

19thweek 2 Locksmended 1s . 2d and other House-expences

20th week House-expences

21stweek House-expences

22d week House-expences

23d week To Hothersal wages 16s . 3d and other House-expences £ s d 0592 6149 0 14 3 625 238 147 111 3 080 01102 0 17 4½ 0 19 42 2 10 102 079 1 1 1⁄2 1.199 241 067 0 10 5 091 0 5 11 0372 060 0 18 7

24thweek Wax 7s . To workmenmendingthe goist59 3s and other House-expences

[p . 167]

Carryed from theother syde:60

25thweek March31st, half a year's watchmoney4s . 6d and lamps and scavengers12s 11½d and toMrPary61 for the English Colledge one guinea and other House-expences

26th week To Mrs Web's servant when he brought a carpet presented and other House-expences

27th week April7th, window moneyfor one quarter12s . 6d Land tax the same dayfor half a year 2s April 8th, 2 poor rates 5s . 6d April 10th, groundrent and Minister'sdues for½ a yearand other House-expences

28th week A weeklyMassfor the House due March26th for a year and otherHouse-expences

29th week House-expences

30th week 4 bushells of malt 3s . 6d per bushell 14s .Cleaningthe clock 5s and other House-expences

31stweek 40 bushells of coals £1.1s.8d and other House-expences

32d week Hothersal wagesto the 10thofMay, 13s . Tea 4s. and

otherHouse-expences

33d week House-expences

34thweek Halfa dozen pounds of soap 3s . 6d Washerwomen 2s .To the mayor[?] and rectorMay£1.1s.0d and other House-expences

35thweek June 6th, 32 bushells ofcoals £1.1s.8d and other House-expences

36thweek House-expences

37thweek Tothe nuns of SyonHouse62 £1.1s.0d An annuity£5 for dischargeing a Mass a fortnight per annum . June 19th, 6 poor rates 16s . 6d Wages to Hothersal 63

38th week A green haratine bed £6.16s.0d and other Houseexpences

39thweek House-expences

40th week House-expences

41st week House-expences

42dweek House-expences

43 d week House-expences

44th week House-expences

59 Joist?

60 In fact a pennyless

61 ? Rev. Pierce Parry, formerly ofthe English College, Rome, and ofLisbon; cf. Kirk, p. 177; Gillow, V, p 244 (also I, p 311); Croft & Gillow , HistorialAccount of Lisbon College (1902) pp 23-8; Mrs B. Stapleton , Oxfordshire PostReformationCatholicMissions (1906) p 148 .

62 See supra , p 59

63 Harrateen (type of linen)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

45thweek 12 pounds of butter to pott and other House-expences

46thweek 49 bushells of coals £ 1.5s.5d Sweeping chimneys 2s .6d and House-expences

[ p . 168]

Carryed over

47th week House-expences

48thweek Chamber rent and 6 backstairs 1s . 0d Hony [?] 6s . 3d and otherHouse-expences

49th week Mending chairs 3s . 6d and other House-expences

50th week A cheese4s . 7d and other House-expences

51stweek A dozen of wine £ 1.0s.Od and other House-expences

52dweek October 1st, half a year's watchmoney4s . 6d Tea 4s. Ajoyner's bill 4s . 7d and other House-expences

In taxes , repairs, housekeeping spent this 10thyear:

Spent more thanreceived: Balance due to the House the beginning ofthe 10thyear

(this isfalse; itis only £ 19.178.6%d.) Deficientthis year:

In hand tobegin the 11thyear: False; itwas only to whichifyou add the 10 pounds in favourof the House which was myscountedthe 3 year

21 13 then it is truethat therewasin hand to begin the 11thyear£21.1s.3d.

N.B.There is a shilling mystaken inthe 8thyear

65

N.B. There was a mystake of ten pounds in the reconingof my 3d yearto thepredjudiceofthe House, and a mystake in the9thof 10 pounds to my prejudice , which brings the wholeaccounts to a just balance excepting a shillingor the like triflingsum whichI find myscountedin reviewing the accounts I began to correctthe mystakes and toalter the figures but, finding itvery troublesome and scarceworth the while, contentedmyselfby makeingthis memorandum .

Againstthis, and partly deleted, is written "7p according to my accts . " See p 160 ofAccountBook.

[p . 169]

House-expences in the 11th year commenceing October7th 1756

1st week

2d week

3d week

House-expences

October20th, groundrent etc. £5.12s.4d and other House-expences October27th, 8 poor rates £1.2s.0d and otherHouseexpences

4thweek Candles 7s A whitewasher's bill 3s . 6d and other

5th week

6thweek

House-expences

House-expences

To Hothersal wages £1.9s.0d November 13th, lamps and scavengers9s and other House-expences

7th week 28 gallons of bear [sic ] 5s . 6d A cheese5s . 2d and

8th week other House-expences

House-expences

9thweek 42 bushells of coals £ 1.1s.8d and other House-expences

10thweek House-expences

11thweek To Hothersal part of wages 9s . 6d Soap 3s . 3d and other House-expences

12th week To thewatchman, lamp man, bell man and water man 6s . 6d and other House-expences

13th week House-expences

14thweek A cheese5s . 6d and other House-expences

15th week 3 quarter'swindow tax £1.17s.6d 3 quarter'sland tax 12s Coals £ 1.0s.Od and House-expences

16th week House-expences

17thweek Candles (tallow) 3s and other House-expences

18th week Wax candles 3s and other House-expences

19thweek House-expences

20th week Candles 3s . 3d. Sugar 2s.4%d and other House-expences

21stweek House-expences (Mr Hussy66 here)

22d week Breads 7s. To the chambermayd £1.1s.Od. andother House-expences

23dweek A cheese5s 10d and other House-expences

24th week 42 bushells of coals £ 1.1s.8d 3 bushells ofmalt 15s A joyner's bill etc. House-expences

25th week Bread and flower 3s and other House-expences

[p . 170]

Carryed over

26th week 4 poor rates 11s Watchmoney for half a year4s . 6d. Aplummer'sbill 2s . 4d. and other House-expences

27th week An extinguisherfor the paschal candle 2s and other House-expences

66 Perhaps Giles Hussey, the artist, in whose name the Bell-tree House was officially held (see supra , pp 51-2) or his Benedictine brother, Edward,for whom see C.R.S. Monograph 1 , p 177 and works therecited.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

28th week Ground rent and Minister'sduesApril5th, £5.12s.4d

Land tax the samedayfor a half year and stock 11s The 18th, lamps and scavengers9s and other House-expences

29th week A cheese5s . 3d. and other House-expences

30thweek Tea 4s and other House-expences

31st week 42 bushells of coals £1.1s.8d and otherHouse-expences

32d week 2 annuityes £ 10. Hothersal wages and arrears £4.12s.6d. and other House-expences

33d week A glazier's bill 4s . 4d and otherHouse-expences

34th week House-expences

1757

End ofBradshaw's entries; those below are byNaylor:

Expences of the Bell-tree House from the 6thofJune to the 14th of [sic] 1757

June 12th For a pairofshoes

15 For a pair ofbreeches

225

20 In House-expences from 6thto the20th

27 In House-expences fromthe 20th

July 1 To the land tax all due till Michaelmass next

To window moneypaid till Michaelmas next inclusively

To House-expences from 27 of last [sic.]

House-expences tothe 11th

Watch money

For a pairof boots

Ajourney toMrYork67 on business by his direction

In House-expences from the 11th tothe 18th

In House-expences and 175 bushells ofcoals to the 25th

From 24th tothe 1st of Augustin House-expences and repairs

In House-expences and candles fromthe 1st to the8th

In House-expences from the 8thinstant

In House-expences from the 16th

To six poor rates at 2s . 3d each, and stockto each at 6 pence everyone

In House-expences from the 26th

September 5 In House-expences fromthe 30th ofAugust

12 In House-expences from the 5th

19 In House-expences fromthe 12th

20 For water and the back stairs, for the year past

26 In House-expences from the20th

In repairs;viz for a casement 6d., for a sweeping and scrubbing brush 2s 1 d., a bath rug 4s . 6d , forwhitewashing 3s . 4d

[p . 171]

This page is in Bradshaw's hand:

Bell-tree accounts from August5th 1755 to June 6th 1757 .

Mr Bradshaw Dr. to the Bell-tree and cashetc.

To ballance at the last account:

To lodgingmoneypaid from August 5th to October7th 1756:

To Dittofrom October7th 1756 to June 6th 1757:

To arrears received:

To presents given at different times etc. to the Chappellbox:

Mr Bradshaw Creditor

To moneyexpended in taxes, repairs, housekeeping etc. from August5th 1755 to October 7th ofthe sameyear:

To dittofrom October 7th 1755 to October 7th 1756:

To Ditto from October 7th 1756 to June 6th 1757:

Dr. 194 8 7

Cr 163 10 34

Debtortothe House: 30 18 4 This sume I have left in Mrs Hothersall's hands

N.B. MrWyburnelately demanded £20 as a debt duefromthe Bell-tree House, but it was not thendue and I desired him byletter to leave it for Mr Naylor my successor;hegave consent bysilence, mentioningnothingofit in his last letter to me;butifheinsists uponit, itmustbepaydoutofthe above £30 18s 4d.

[p . 172]

s d

N.B.Ifthe Province insists uponMr Naylor'spayingthe twenty pounds beforementioned ,I havea right to demanding £20 for myviaticum, but if the Province will make a free gift to Mr Naylor ofthe£20 to begin housekeeping, I will be at the expences ofmyjourney to London and Lambsprings and make no demands uponthe Province . 68

Theabove isin Bradshaw's hand; the restofthe page in Naylor's

Receipts

A.D. 1757

When Mr Bradshaw departed the 6th ofJune he left thirty pounds in the hands ofJ.J. Nayloruponthe aforesaid condition

August 9 Received from Mrs Collings at churching 18 Received ofMrVirtue69

03000 0 001 01 0 000 026

68 English Benedictine Abbey, then in Germany ; continuedat Broadway , Worcs (underDomJ.A. Birdsall , for whomsee index);nowat Fort Augustus.

69 In this and the next entry the first word is followed by a cross, perhaps denotingMass-offerings ; also 26 Nov. ("prayers" = Mass).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

October 3

DOCUMENTSIN THE ARCHIVESNATIONALES

Toajoyner'sbillfor 2 coolers and a cover for the furnace

10 In House-expencesfromthe4th

14 To theMinister'sdues and half a year's groundrent due 29th last

17 In House-expences from the 10th

24 In House-expences from the 17th

November 1 In House-expences fromthe24th oflast[sic] 8 House-expences from the firstofNovember

15 In House-expences and 8 poorrates at 2s . 3d each

25 From the 15th House-expencesto the25th

28 In House-expences

December 5 In House-expencesfrom the28th last 9 For a pairof letherbreeches and a pairofgloves

12 For salt butter and in House-expences

19 In House-expences from the 12th

21 For a douzen ofmountainfor theS. [sic]

26 In House-expences from the21st

In half a year's rentfor payingthe lamps, scavengers , water man, lamp-lighter, watch-man etc. as in the journal72

30 ToMrScudamore73 for 3 dozen ofgenuine Spanish wine

1758

January 2 9 In housekeeping, and new yearsgifts to towns men In House-expences

In House-expencesand in 4 bushels ofmalt In House-expencesfor the23rd

In

To 21 bushels of coals at 6½d each [sic]

To42 yards of linnenfor sheeting at 20 pence per yard

To 2 dozen ofdiaperand damask napkins and ten others Ditto

In House-expences from the 20th

March 9

In House-expences and coals from the20th [sic]

Hothersall's wagesfor 9 months and agratification

In House-expencesand coals

To land-tax and window money

To a hundredand fifty pounds of sope from Bristol and a [illegible] box

In House-expences and 4 bushells ofmalt, hops etc. 001 16 11 72 Now apparently

April 7

MODCATHOLICISM IN BATH

InHouse-expences and 2s 6 pence ½ watchmoneyand coals

12 For lamps and scavengers

Minister'sdues and half a year's groundrent

13 To JohnAtwood the smithfor work done as by the bill

06 1 Toa cooper's bill

14 ToMrs Boardman for her expences in travellinghither

A.D. 1758

April27

May5 100

Disburst1758 In House-expences, 4 bushels of malt and hops

dozen ofwine

In House-expences

InHouse-expences

In House-expences

In House-expences

Half a dozen ofwine

In House-expences

In House-expences

House-expences

4 bushels ofmalt and House-expences

House-expences

House-expences

House-expences

Linnenfor sheets, sugarand other House-expences

A dozen ofwine

House-expences

To 180 bushells of coals

October 6 13

House-expences, Mrs Holford and Wrightboardinghere

For a dozen of winenotpaid for beforeand another dozen and for a sash [?] 9s.

House-expences, with41 pounds ofbutter and a looking glass

-expences

and 4 bushels ofmalt To Joseph Albin, a joyner, his bill paid

House-expences, Mrs Lorymer, daughter and maid boarding

Expended since June 6th 1757 to December 29 1758. Total

p . 175]

A.D. 1775. September 9. In visitingthis House and circumstances it appears that since last visit made by Mr Bradshaw, July 31, A.D. 1773 , the accounts are as follow:-

Expended in extraordinarys , rents, repairs, taxes, furniture, wash-house and brewhouse, firing etc.: In victualsperweekfromthe above timeto September 3d 1775:

Received from lodgingand boardingfrom July 21st 1773 to September 9th 1775:

Received in piousdonations and benefactions from July 31 , 1773 to September 9th 1775:

Remains duetobalance: 191.8. 5%

Approvedby me D. Jos Carteret ,

Total receipts:

11 1 Prov Cant. In another hand: I don't know this.

Receits in lodgings and board from September 9th 1775 to July 28th, A.D. 1776: In pious donations and benefactions from do. todo.: In chappel and pious uses at Christmas 1775: AtDittofrom Messirs Porter and StonorEsquires:

75 From this point, Fr. Naylor's accounts of expenditureare not continuedin this Account Book but are recorded on pieces of paper and, apparently, in anotherbook or books, nowlost (see infra , pp 173, 175; also note 72 above)

76 Dom Francis Joseph Carteret O.S.B. who had succeeded Fr. Bernard Bradshaw as Provincial(Birt, pp. 113, 343)

Expences from September 3 , 1775 to July 28th FromSeptember 3d 1775 to December 29th [?] 1755 :

Victualsper week FromDecember 31st 1775 to May 19th 1776: 77

From Ditto to July 14th: Expences in extraordinaries , i.e. firing, brewhouse , candles , chal, washouse, taxes, repairs, etc. from September 9th

:

July 27th Examinedand viewed by us underwritten in the year 1776

D.J.J.Pl Naylor 78 D.B. Brewer

ARCHIVES NATIONALES,

PARIS: S . 4619, LIASSES 3 AND 5 (ENGLISH BENEDICTINE CORRESPONDENCE )

3

1]

From August20th 1759 to December 31st 1760

77 Chapel?

78 Dom John Bede Brewer O.S.B., Fr. Naylor's successor at the Bell-tree House (see supra , pp 66-70& index ).

79 Fr. Naylor's"house accounts" , continued(see note 75 above).

DOCUMENTSIN THE ARCHIVES NATIONALES

A.D.1760. Januarycommencing toJune27th.

General accounts dividedunderheads, fromJune 27thto 27th December 1760. Expences.

From December 27th to June 27th in 1761. Expences

N.B. These accounts taken out of the Book ofSeparate Articles

Receits ator of Bell-tree House from August 20th 1759 taken outoftheAccount Book, dividedinto separate articles. Receipts.

From August20th 1759 to June 24th 1760 , In lodgings and dressing

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

From June 24th 1760 to June 24th 1761 ,

ditto time,

June 24th 1761,

Received from the 24 of June to July 30th 1761 , pious

:

Disbursements , out of the sameBook of Accounts. Expences.

From August20th 1759 expended to the 31st ofDecember:

From January 1st 1760 to June 27th:

From June 27th 1760 to December 27th:

From December 27th 1760 to June 27th 1761: A.D. 1761 toJune 24th, receiptstotal:

1761,

[3] Accounts out of the Book of Different Heads Expences

FromAugust20th 1759 to December 31st.

From January 1st 1760 to June 27th:

From June 27th to December 27th 1760:

From December 27th 1760 to June 27th 1761:

Receipts out ofthe said book

From August 20th 1759 to June 24th 1760 ,

In the original the calculations printed at thefootof this pageof theAccount Book are squeezed in to the left of this total 81 For these and the preceding figures, see also documentno 4 (%d. different).

DOCUMENTSIN THE ARCHIVES NATIONALES

From June 24th 1760 toJune 24th 1761 , In lodgings, boarding , dressing etc.: Inditto time , donations, offering:

To June 24th 1761, receipts total: Lastballance:

4]

Accountsat Bell-tree takenfromthe BookofWeeklyExpences

From August 20th 1759 to December 31st:

From January 1st 1760 to June 27th:

From June 27th to December 27th 1760:

From December 27th to June 27th 1761:

To June 27th 1761, expences total:

Receits at Bell-tree House from August 20th 1759 , takenout of theAccount Book, dividedinto separate Articles

From August20th 1759 to June 24th 1760 , In lodgings and dressing meat: Inditto time, donations , offerings etc.

From June 24th 1760 to June 24th 1761, In lodgings and dressing meats: Inditto time, donations , offerings: In thevisit August21st 1759 theaccountswere settled and fixed as follows, viz Received in lodgings etc. and donations: Expended, as appears by the books:

Due to ballance: Signd HenryWyburne , Cant . Prov

To June 24th 1761, receits total

A.D.1761 Expences perweek.

From June 20th to27th: to July 4th: to the 11th: to the 18th Billsto the 30th:

To July, in bills to the 30th, expended :

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Receipts from June 24th to July 30th Donations: Receits above: 14 3 6

219 14 0%

Receits total: 233 17 64 Due to ballance: 74 16 712

308 14 14

[5] Copy ofprevious document , except thatthefarthing inthebalance of24June 1761isalteredtotwo-farthingsand thefollowing added atthefootofthepage. To June 24th 1761, there remains due to ballance: To July 30th 1761, due to ballance: Four years' salary at £25 per annum :

July30th 1761 , due to [illegible] 174 16 72

[6] In Brewer's hand, signed by Naylor: Iunderwrittenpromise to paytowards building a house and chapel at Bath atthe sum of twenty pound a yearfor the peace offive years from the present date 13th of August1777 to theincumbentof theBell-tree . Witness myhand, D.J.J. P. , Naylor

[7] The obligationofthe Bell-tree topaythe Province £20 per annum,viz,2fundsfor Mrs Grey£10 per annum ;MrNeedham's fund £5 per annum; MrYork£5 forlife. N.B. AsMrNaylorperformed twoofMrs Grey's he is onlytopay£10 perannum

1759 August. Received ofMr MrNaylor Cr £ s d Naylor as appearsby the Provincial book 40 0 0 1763 June 9. Received of Mr Naylor 10 0 0 1765 July 9. Received of Mr Naylor

P. ContraDr.

To Mr Needham's fund at £5 per annum from 1757 to 1776, being 19 years, makes ToMrYork £5 per annum from 1757 to 1770, he dyingApril 14 , 1770, makes 13 years

10 0 0 1759 December , to cash 1766 April 20. Received of Mr Naylor advanced toMr Naylor

10 0 0 1760December 24 , to cash December 7. Received of advanced to Do.

Mr Naylor

1761 March 16 , to cash 1767 May 28. Received of Mr Naylor advanced to Do.

July 2, to cashadvanced 1769 May 25 [?] Received of MrNaylor

To Mr Simpson ofCoughton by Mr Bradshaw's orders: Allowed by S . Province to Mr Naylor 12 years of£ 100 sunk at 5 per centfrom July 16 , 1764 to Do. 1776: 60 0 0 To balance due totheProvince 44 10 0

Estimateofthe repairs wantingat Bell-tree House83

Bishop's apartment: pully peices and casings for4 windows

To repairing2 outsideshutters

Hall: casingsand pully peicesfor 1 window

To 56 footyallow deal flooring board and labour

Room next thehall: pully peices and casingsfor 2 windows

To hearthstone

Greatstaircase: 3 pairs of sashes withpullypeices and casingsetc.

To 1 top sash with pully peices and casings

Chappel : 3 top sashes with blocksetc.

Dressing rooms next thealtar: 1 pairof sashes,pully peices and casingsfor 2 windows£ 1 18s. 8d Plastering the walls in Do. 7s

Bookroom:2 pairs of sashes, pully peicesand casingsetc.

Tonewfloorand skirtingto Do.

Dining room: 2 pairs of sashes , pully peices and caseings

Bed room: 2 pairs of sashes withpullypeicesetc.

Whiteroom: 2 pairs of sashes withDo.

Bed room: 1 pair of Do. with pully peices

To new floor, white deal with skirting

Mrs Webb's room: newceiling, labourand joistsifwanted

To elm floor

Room next MrsWebb's: newwindow and caseing

House-keeper's room: new door and repairingthe window

Studdy: new floorand skirting

To repairingthe sashes , mending the sills

Bishop's garret : 1 new ledge door and mending thewindow

Backstairs: mending 2 windows

To 1 new door for thenecessary house, and repairing 1 Do.

The necessaryhouse floorto be laid withthe samestone

To new watertroughand fixing

To repairing thekitchen stairs

To paintingthe sashes etc.

To alteringthe gutteruponthe house, per judgementmore or less

To mending thelocks

To papering the 2 dressing rooms next thealtar

To furring the joists

To repairingthe passage floors

To glazingthe sashes and som new glassetc.

Liasse 5 , no. 126

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Bath, no. 13 St James'sParade , October23, 1792.

DearSir , In primis inquiring How'd you do? Yourself and flockwell,Ihope!I am desired by Mr Edmund John Harold to procurefromyou a certificate of his baptism Your baptismal register was consumed by the riotous flame, 1780. That you may be enabled the better to recollect himhewasborn 1770 on the festival of St John Baptist,June the 24. At the time his parents , Mr and Mrs Harold, lived with theirmother, the late Mrs Harold, in Charles Street . A certificate also is desired of his sister's baptism, by name Elizabeth, born 3 years after in August. As matters pending on the said certificates require dispatch , he begs you will return as speedy answer aspossible. Pleaseto remember meto Sister Scholastica Greenway . 84

With best wishes , Youraffectionate confrèreand humbleservant , Mich Pembridge.

Mr Edmund Harold at present lives with Mr Nagle, no.1 Circus A Mr Ainsworth from Dieulvart85 is my colleague at Bath vice Mr Heatley, deceased 28 April 1792. [verso] MrNaylor aux Benedictines Anglaises rue D'allouets

A Paris

no. 137 [undated] -

Mr Naylor agreed with Mr Carteret that I, Anthony McHugo , should act for him concerning the affairs of the Bell-tree House. When Mr Carteret came to Bath I waited on him concerningthe settling the said business Mr Carteret told me the house wanted to be repaired . I answered it was in much better repairthan whenMr Naylor came toit; that he had made several heavy repairs, which I would bring witnesses to attest if he thought proper; that I could not agreewith him thatMr Naylor should be at the expence of the alterations and repairs to be made , as I believed Mr Naylor was not out of debt fortheexpences he had alreadycontractedfor reparations of the said house . I produceda list of some of them which Mr Carteret told me could not be true; I offered to produce witnesses in proofof it. I asked him ifthefloor of the room he was then in and laid in wanted to be taken up and new laid; he said , no I told him there were several repairs and alterationsof the said nature in the estimate given in by Robinson and Hall to Mr

84 Mother Mary Scholastica Greenway O.S.B. who died in 1809 at Cannington, Som ., where the former Paris community had settled; cf. C.R.S., 12, p 108; B. Whelan , Historic English Convents ofToday (1936) p 224 85 St. Laurence's Priory, Dieulouard, Lorraine; nowAmpleforth

Brewerlong before he, MrCarteret, came to Bath;that those carpenters understoodthe repairs and alterationswere to be paid by subscription, or by the whole body of the clergybelongingto the Bell-tree House; that there was a wide difference between the expences of suchrepairs and amendments falling upon the public at large, and a single individual; that I knew and would prove, since the affair was to be left to arbitration, that the house was indebted to Mr Naylor as he laid out some hundreds on it and as the furniturewas far preferableto what he found in the house; that Robinson and Hall as well as myselfgave it as theiropinion that Mr Naylor had no right to pay anythingtowardsany repairs to be made, as they think the Bell-tree House in every respect much better than when he took possessionofit.Yet, notwithstanding, to shew Mr Naylor's good heart he would make a present of thirty pounds for any profitable use that should be made ofitforthepublick good Mr Carteret asked me who Iwould chuse to lookintothe repairs that were to be done , as he would wish to have nothing done butwhat was necessary At the same time he took hold of the window-sash of the room we were in, which was the room he laid in, and asked ifthat sash and suchlike did not want repairing? I told him, undoubtedly; and that I had no objection to the two carpenters (that looked overthe house beforefor Mr Brewer) Robinson and Hall. Mr Carteret then said he would send for me whenit was to be done, and that he would make it agreeable to Mr Naylor I asked him ifI might make use ofhisname toMrNaylor; he said I might, and desired I would write and tellhim so . Some days after, Mr Brewer came to myhouse and asked who Iwould choose to look over the Bell-tree House; I told him I had no objection to Robinson and Hall with the addition of Mr Jno . Dowding, another carpenter , as umpire, if any disputes should arise between them. Mr Brewer made not the least objection and went from my house . I expected Messrs Carteret and Brewer would send and let me know when the parties were to meet at the Bell-tree in orderthat I might be present in Mr Naylor's behalf. They sent for Robinson and Hall, and neither for myself nor Dowding; neither did I know that any ofthe parties met till Hall came to me at my own house, told me that Robinson and he valued the repairs of the Bell-tree House, thathe imagined they would not cost above ten or twelve pounds; that Mr Carteretwas with them all the time they looked over every thing that was necessary to be repaired in the whole house . Mr Brewerwas with them part of the time and did not seem to be pleased at what they thought necessary and left them; that Mr Robinson took down in writing every thing that was necessary to be repaired ; and that he should know the expences when Robinson and he should make the estimate Hall surprised me when he told me this story, all being done without my knowledge; for neither Dowding nor myself knew any thing ofthe matter Robinsoncarried an estimate to MrCarteretof£23 or thereabouts, and £6 for a gutter, withoutconsultingHall,nor did he ever shew what the estimate was for. Mr Carteret ordered Robinsonto make out another, which he did to the amount of £64 and

86

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

upwards, and that he , Mr Carteret, would be his paymaster for what work he did at the Bell-tree House The discourse that passed between Mr Carteret and Anthony McHugo , or to the same effect, is contained inthe above , aswitness my hand ,

N.B. I paidMr Brewer £30 on Mr Naylor's account . Ant. McHugo.

no. 143 [undated]

R. for the gravel

R. cassia, newly drawn, one ounce andhalf. Powder of rhubarbone drachmand half.

Cypruss turpentine, well washed, eightdragms.

The species ofdiabracant[?] one scruple.

With a sufficient quantity of syrop ofmarchmallows , enough tomake an electuary.

Take the quantity of a walnut in the morning fasting. Drinka draught of plain ail posset after it, then walk an hour, drink a pint (if your stomach can bear it) of white wine posset sweetened with syrop of marsh mallows.

[verso] To MrNaylor atthe Bell-tree Bath

no. 152 [undated]

Ifyour pictures are very dirty, take soap and sand on a brush and rub them quick with warm water, thenwrence themwellunder a pump, so that no sand etc. remain ; let them dry in the sun or by a moderate fire When perfectly dry rub them over with oil (prepared as follows) tillit be quite sunk in so as not to appear on the clean flannel it is rubbed with

Sett a quarter of a pint of the best sweet oil in a bottle prettynear the fire; let it be kept without shaking till it will look as pale as spring water (but less than 2 or 3 weeks will hardly make it so);use a piece of spunge to lay on the oil and clean flannel to run it in, don't put too much in one place at atime.

Written at right angles in left-hand margin: Tye a bit of leather over the bottleto keep out dust; itwill last for years; a little does well.

[verso] To MrNaylor at the Bell-tree House , Bath.

no . 155 [undated]

Sir,

Please to pay upon sight to Mr Duvivier alias Walters87 the sume of

86 Seeliasse 3, no 8 (supra , p 177)

87 or Waters , O.S.B.; at Horton, Glos , 1772-7 (Birt, p 127). In documentno . 177 he himself spells his surname "Walters" (infra. , p 182). This document(no. 155) has"£5.5s.0d " written in the left-hand margin "

five poundsfive shillings (value received) and place ittothe accountof, Hond. Sir ,your most obedt and humbleservant ,

ToMrNaylor at the Bell-tree House in Bath. no. 158

HonouredDearSir,

I think in mylastwe gave you full discretionarypowerto act asyou thought for the best advantage bothfor the boy and the good ofthe House; this we repeate to you again, confiding in your discretionand benevolence, and leave such a fund as you propose to be disposed ofas you think proper, provided that the interest will produceto the House £15 or £20 per annum while the boy stays here and in case the boy should return again to the world then the said fund might return to him or his father , for it would be very hard for the poor boyto be cast naked into the world However , whatsoever agreement you make with the father, that we will stand too, but we expect somethingyearlyfor hismaintenance ,forour family88 is at present very numerous (27 inthe refectory every day besides a great number ofservantsetc.), therefore we cannot think ofcomingintoyourscheme of sinkingmoneywithout receivingconstant interest; let us first pay our debts here . We payhere 5 per cent for a good round summ and great repairs are wantingin the House; so that we cannot live withoutour interest Your bankbond of £20 will be very acceptable ; you may either send it enclosed to Mr Cowley or to me , for I can get it changed any day at Nancy; the sooner you send it the better.You tell me the one halfis a gift butyou don't say to whom; is it to Sharrockor to the House? Ihave often told MrDaniel90 both by letter and word of mouth that he should bevery welcome here and that I would make all things as easy to him as possible; we have received by his death in money, books etc. to the value of between £40 and £50. R. in P.You want to know whetherMr Brewer has anything from his parents; I suppose he had something left him by hisfather, but how much I am as ignorant of as you can be I hear he has been making a turn all over England; I wish he had employd that money in endemnifying this House for the expences it has been at on his account. But now for it; I have just now received a letter in which it is surmised that he is going to supplantyou at Bath and thatyou are goingto his place at Paris, but this I cannot think true; indeed some time ago I received a letter from Mr Fisher92 intimating

88 i.e. the Benedictine community at St Laurence's, Dieulouard, whence this letter came

89 Dom William Gregory Cowley, O.S.B., Prior of St Edmund's , Paris (Birt, p 122)

90 Perhaps John Benedict Simpson, or Daniel, who died on 10 July 1775 (Birt, p 109) For Sharrock , see note94 below .

91 DomJohn Bede Brewer O.S.B.

92 Probably Dom John Fisher, President-General of the English Benedictine Congregation , 1772-7 (Birt, p 117)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

that you might perhaps be removed soon from Bathto Cheame ,but as you have made no mention of it in your last to me I hope it is not true . 93 Sharrock and Coupe made their last engagement here the 1st instant;94I hope they will both answer expectations.Iam HonouredDear Sir

Yourmost obedienthumbleservant , D. Dns Holderness . 95

Dieulouard, October27th1775

[verso] MrNaylor

At the Bell-tree in Bath, Somersetshire .

Par Calais et Londres

no 177

HonouredSir,

I received some days ago the inclosed bill from Mr Handford⁹6 which I beg you would discount, if convenient, to the bearer of this , James Walmesley; and for which he will, ifagreeablehe [sic.] give you a receipt. Mr and Mrs Paston desire their best complimentstoyouand the Bishop, to whom they have sent a hare which they hope will be acceptable. I hope you received mine about the woman for service; an answer would be agreable. I beg my duty to Mr Walmesley and remain HonouredSir

Youraffectionatehumbleservant , J. Walters. Horton, October12th 1772 .

If you should see Mr Orpwood be so good as to let him know, with my complimentsto him and his lady, that I did his commission,but we cannot get any waggon to bring his bottles which ready [sic ] packed up.

[verso]

A.D.1772 October 12th Received of Mr J.J. Naylor for MrJ.Walters the sum offive guineas byme

James Walmesley.

ToMrNaylor attheBell-tree Bath.

no. 179 [undated]

Dear Sir,

God be praised, the affair which has given you so much uneasinessis at last and with much ado finished; and I hope to your satisfaction.It

93 It was; see supra. , p. 62

94 i.e. their Profession The two monkswere Dom John Dunstan Sharrock (see Birt, p 138) and Thomas Jerome Coupe (ibid , p. 136)

95 Dom Peter Dunstan Holderness, Prior ofSt Laurence's, (ibid , p 113)

96 i.e. documentno 155 , printed supra, pp. 180-1

has given me great trouble that it could not be done so soon asyou expected, but though late I hope it will be no prejudice to any concerned . I promised indeed to send itforthe beginning ofthis week , but could not do it. Am always ready for anyfurtherservice; but as on such occasions you usually preach activity to me, let me in return recommendto you some grains ofpatience . To particulars: £4 10s half year's interest; £306 16s 10d price of the bonds; in all £311 6s . 10d. , out of which 3s payed to the broker that sold them and 3s for two parcels sent to me; remains due to you £311 Os . 10d. which Ihave here sent and inclosed toyou, andam Dear Sir,

Yourveryaffectionatehumbleservant , W.Garstang . 97

Mr Wilkes from Paris arrived here yesterdayon a visittohisfriends and is to stay about 3 months.

[verso] Mr Naylor at the Bell-tree House , Bath .

97 Dom William Dunstan Garstang, mainly in London from 1767 to his death therein 1814 (Birt, p. 129) He performeda baptism in Bathon 9 July 1782 (no. 34 in Reg 1)

98 DomJoseph CuthbertWilkes, or Wilks, later of Bath (see index)

GORDON RIOTS DOCUMENTS IN THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE

In the Public Record Office there are two large volumes ofdocuments connected with the Gordon Riots of 1780 - mainly reports, informations etc. relating to London (S.P.37/20 & 21). These are not consistently in chronological order, but in the present volumethey are thus rearranged. These papers have been utilised by Professor George Rudé in "The Gordon Riots: a Study ofthe Riotersand their Victims" (Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series , VI, 1956; reprinted in Paris and London in the 18th Century, 1970) and by other writers, e.g. Christopher Hibbert in King Mob (1958) and J. P. De Castro, The Gordon Riots (1926), as well as in a"Jackdaw" collection for use in schools, but little mention has hitherto been made either of the Bath rioting or of the State Papers connected with it and they are therefore publishedin this volume Like the London documents, they include first-hand reports on the episode, together with rumours and scaremongering , and official appeals for information and they supplementthe materialfrom other sources cited in the Introduction local newspapers, Corporation records and the MS. accountofthe Bath Mission compiled by Dom J.A. Birdsall O.S.B. which contains information communicatedto him by FatherMichael Pembridge .The latter had come to Bath to replace Father Brewer who, in the penultimate document in this collection, describes himself as "the unfortunate Roman Catholic clergyman , who was hunted from place to place and pursued through several streets the evening of the Bath riot" . This letter, written in November 1780, drew the attention of Lord Stormont, one of the two Secretaries of State concerned with home affairs, to the threat of a further anti-Catholic outbreak in Bath; the earlier items, connected with the June rioting, are from the mass of intelligencecommunicated, either directly or indirectly, to Stormont's colleague Lord Hillsborough The majority of these documents are endorsed with the date of receipt, usually signifiedby the letter "R" , and such endorsements are here printed prior to each document. In these transcripts punctuation and capitalisation are modernised , erroneous repetitions are eliminated and obvious omissions made good in square brackets. The latter also enclose editorial comments , which are italicised. Obvious abbreviationsare silently expanded ; otherwise spelling, including the persistent and inappropriaterenderingofgaol as "goal" , remains uncorrected.

S.P.37/21/127. [Handbill re Bath Riots, 10 June 1780.j BathCity, June 10, 1780 .

Whereas a great number of disorderly persons have assembled them-

selves together in a riotous and tumultuous manner and have been guilty of many acts of treason and rebellion, whereby it is become absolutely necessary to use the most effectual means to quiet such disturbances , to preserve the property of individuals and to restorethe peaceofthe country:

This public notice is therefore given to advise and exhort all peaceable subjects to keep themselves quietly in theirown houses lest they should sufferwiththe guilty

And all masters of families are requested to keep theirapprentices and servants at home .

John Chapman,Mayor

Francis Bennett, SimonCrook , Justices.

S.P.37/21/72 [Handbill, 11 June 1780]¹ Guildhall, Bath, June 11 , 1780 .

Whereas a man about twenty-three years of age, about five feet and ten inches high, stoutly made, and has a patchover one of his eyes,and is employedby one Mr. Saunders, who lives in or near Slippery-Lane in this city, in the carrying of milk, was on the 9th instant principally concerned and assisting in the unlawfully and feloniously pulling down and setting fire to the Roman Catholic Chapel in this city, and other houses and buildings thereto adjoining, and has lately absconded from and left this city:

Therefore, whoever will give information to the Justices ofthis city of the man above described, or of any other person or persons who were aiding, assisting, or in any manner concerned in the pulling down and settingfire to the said buildings, so that he or they may be brought to justice, shall on conviction ofeach ofsuch offenders receive a reward oftwenty guineas, to be paid themby the Chamberlain ofthis city.

John Chapman, Mayor

FrancisBennet , SimonCrook , Justices

S.P.37/21/68-71 . [No endorsement ]

My Lord , Bath, Mondaymorning the 11 ofJune 1780 .

Ihopeyour lordshipwill excuse the hestyscroll I troubled youwith last night. I now have the honour of mentioning what has happened

1 S.P.37/21/128 isa duplicateof no . 72 (11 June 1780 , here printed).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

since and submitting my poor remarks relative to the situation ofthis town.

About 11 of clock last night I rode on horseback attended by my servants through allthis city and found itextremelywell garded. Parties ofmalitia were posted in different places and in other places the three hundred chearmen armed with poles [illegible] 10 in a party. The volunteers were also very allert and parties of Lord Townshend's Dragoons, mounted, patroled the streets all night There was also a captain's gard on the goal.

Icould not suppose after all these precautions that anyrioters would again venter to assemble and yet after my return home after 12 a clock seventeen were taken up and comitted to goal and others to the watch-house , but they were only assembling and had not begun todo any mischeif . Some of them come from the villages in the neighborhood, particularly colliers and others in a large body, who were intercepted by the mounted Dragoons on the Lower Bristol Road and seven of them taken and comitted One more was wounded in the scuffle and those who escaped cried out that they would come again when the soldiers were away. It is very certainthat if the townhadnot been so well garded much more mischeif would have been done last night than the night before. The great quantityof plunder and drink got out of the houses they had burnt unmolested encouraged them , without any other motive, to go on in the same way. It was also well known that the [y] intended to burn the other Mass-house and this morning every article of value is taken out of the Mass -house and of others under the same roof and the Catholicks, it is said, have consented it should be pulled down, for ifit was burnt a greatpartof the town would risk beingburntwith it.

It is thought very strange that no enquiry has been made relativeto that fire which was discovred yesterday morning at half after one in Stall Street and which I mentioned in my last, in as much as it is supposed here that our enimies avails themselves at every opportunity to distress this country and have their emissaries in all quarters ,but the Mayor is old and inactiveand Mr. Jeffris the Town Clark, who transacts the business , though very sensible and diligent in other matters,has not been so in the late riot. It is principally by his interest that it is supposed Mr. Pratt will be returnedforthiscity. I beg leve to mention to yourlordship some particularswhich Ihave just heard relative to the above mentioned fire which may be depended on.

Mr. Mauglen and Mr. Ogleby, from the first of whom I rent this house and who is wealth[y] honest man , were drinking at the Feathers in Stall Street , to which place the[y] had retired fora little refreshmentfromthe fire in St James Parade About halfafter onethey

2 i.e. The "Plume of Feathers" in Horse Street (the section of Stall St. approachingthe bridge across the Avon); cf. New Bath Directory for theyear 1792, p 107;1819 Directory, p 68,etc.

were allarmedby being told that there was a fire in the narrow partof Stall Street; they immediately went to the place and found that some persons had seen the flame through the kitchen window which was wiered and looked to the street , that the house was allarmed by nocking violently atthedoorand that the combustables were broght up and throwenintothe street and appeared to be abouta peck ofchar-coal, some old corks and a board on which "Lodgings to be Lett' was painted, and itwas thisboard, which was ofdeal, that causedthe flame.

Joly the perfumer was not at home; he was, as one Grant a musician this day tells me , along with him at a house oposate to the chapel which was on fire and that when word was broght him that his house wason fire he immediately went home but laughed and said it was he himself had done it in making a preparation for grey hair powder; that there could be no danger as the kitchen was vaulted. Mr. Palmer the manager of the Playhouse³ and Mr. Symons a surgeon, who are both of the Corporation, said to Mr. Mauglin that this affair should be inquired in to, as if that house had takenfire the greatest and mostopulent part of the lower town could not be saved at that tme of confusionor indeed with great difficulty at any time as the old houses in that part of the town to the Grove on one side and to the bridgeon the other run into one anotherbyawood communication.

This Jolie a perfumer is a foreigner and a Roman Catholick and a second time bankrupt who lives in a small house of little value joining the large perfumer's shop he used to keep, which little house and shop is said to belong to it He married the widow ofCoopeau and it is said got 1,000 with her which he squandred , as also 1,000 of her daughter's, and became a bankrupt byextravigance All this considered , to which may be added his being absent from hishouse at half-past one in the morningthe chapel and five other houses were wilfully set onfier in the town; the frivioulous excuse he made in saying he was making hair powder; the combustables and the deal board over them which caused the flame; all this, added to theopinion ofmanyhere that itwas designed at the instigation of our enimies, should cause some inquiryto be made into it, though it should appear that the kitchen was vaulted and of such construction that no danger could happen, yet those circumstances it true [sic. ] is not known to every body and so many reasons for those that he may be bribed, as it is supposed many are in these turbulent times by our enimies, it might perhaps be thought proper to be allert on the occasion , for [if] nothing should be discovered it will be quiet the minds of the people and intimidate others who may [have] serious designs Ifany such should be intended it is also an opportunityof shewing that every precautionis taken

Many RomanCatholicks and even protestant familieshave left town

3 John Palmer, also mail-coach projector; cf. D.N.B.; C.R. Clear, John Palmer , Mail Coach Pioneer (1955) The playhouse mentioned here is the one in Old Orchard Street (Pierrepont Place) which later became the Catholic chapel; see supra ., pp. 80-82

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

sooner than they intended as they are in great terror of what may happen if the soldiers go away; the Bath volunteersand chairmenare absolutely nothing in this town, so near Bristol and very large collieries. One of the collierswho escaped had his cheek cut ofin hisflightbya Dragoon and some colliers have declared that they will attempt this night to rescue some of those who are in prison.The goal is a finenew building a littleway from the town and may be attacked on all sides , haveing no house near as it is reported that some of the insurgents have been tempted to it by the money of our enimies . The livery servant and the other two ringleaders should have been searched to see what money they had and where the[y] got it and also tofind ifthey had any letters and from whom, and Jolie and his house should have been searched for money and letters, though it should even appear that the house was not in danger from the situation ofthe combustables .

Ifit appears that there is sufficient proof to convict the servantand the other two leaders capitaly I humbly think they should be immediately broght to tryal to terrify others, but if there is not sufficient prooftomake their crime capitalit [is] perhaps better to postpone theirtrial.

The other culprets should be removed to some other town where there are troops constantly, for the colliers are a very numerous , desperate body of men and it be the only method to avoyed havinga contestwith them .

Ihave the honour to be with the greatest respect mylord, your lordship's mostobligedhumble servant , J . Caldwell.

P.S. the chairmen are to get half-a-crown a night. 2 persons fromeach street are to see that the [sic ] keep their post.All the troopsin town are to beunderarms this night.

S.P.37/21/125-6 [EndorsedBath, 15 June 1780.Mayor. R. 17th.] Bath, 15th June 1780.

My Lord,

In answer to your lordship'sfavor the riotous and tumultous persons illegally assembled together last Friday evening and pulling down and destroying a new building called a Romish chapelwithfive small houses adjoining belongingto or occupied byCatholics, twolying on one side of the chapel and three on the other, situate near or adjoyning to a place called Saint James's Parade in this city, together with great part of the furniture therein, was so very sudden and unexpected that I had not any notice ofthe sameuntil sometimeafter these riotous persons were riotously formed and began to put their riot into execution by pulling down, setting fire to and destroying ofthe above houses and the furniture therein

As soon as I heard of the same I went in person withthe civil power ofthe city and taking in aid as many ofthe associated men called Bath Royal Volunteers as I could immediately collect, amounting, as I believe, to between twenty and thirty, and proceeded with them directly to the place, but when we came there the rioters were so numerous and had put their riot so far intoexecutionby havingin part destroyed the said chapel and houses, with some of the furniture therein, that it was impossible wholly to suppress the same However I proceeded as near to the houses where the fire was as I possiblycould with any degree of safety to my own person, having pieces ofwood , stones etc. throwed at me and the persons so accompanying me so far as we ventered among and in opposing of them. And some of the persons accompanying and aiding me were hurt by the rioters But nothwithstanding this I commanded the public peace to be observed , and all persons to depart to their respective habitations; and at the same time caused the Riot Act to be distinctly read to, and in the presence and hearing of the rioters, but all was in vain;for the riotersnevertheless proceeded in destroyingthe said chapel and houses, and the furniture therein, which theywholly effected that night. But in order fully to check the progress of this business, immediate orderswere sent to the commandingofficer ofDragoons at Devizes and Bradford in Wilts. and to the commanding officer ofthe HerefordshireMilitia which had that very morning proceeded on their rout from hence to Wells, to request them to come to Bath, to aid and assist in quelling the said riot; and the respective officers with their corps of men came here the next morning, as early as could reasonably be expected , considering the respective distances they respectively came; and they have continuedhere respectively ever since, so that with the united aid both of the civil and the military powerwe have been able to restore, preserve and keep thepublic peaceofthecitythe civil power patrolling by night all parts of the city, and the Horse doingthe same and the neighborhoodthereof, and the Foot guardingthe prison and the Guildhall with the internal parts of the city: so thatfromthis chain of union and concord has arisen and is preserved the entire and internal perfect peace ofthe place.

On Saturday the 10th instant, beingthe day following the nightof the said riot,I and the other city magistrates formed and causedto be printed the hand-bill inclosed ;4 great numbers of which were immediately publicly dispersed in and about all parts ofthe city and its neighbourhood. And I and the other Justices ofthe city had our whole time everyday since taken up in makingthe strictestand fullest inquiry we could of the originating cause of this business, and by whom set on , aided and carryed into execution; and human naturebeing so generally unwilling to become informers, it has been with great difficulty and attention that we have been able to get informations fullyto grounda commitment and we hope a conviction forthe offence.

4 S.P.37/21/127, printedsupra , pp 184-5

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Wehave satdaylyonthisbusinessand nearlyto 12 o'clock each night in examiningand committing offenders and receiving informations and contriving modes for apprehending the delinquents, in which apprehendings the militaryhave been veryuseful

On the 11th instant we issued forth another printed hand-bill (one of which is inclosed) as means for apprehendingthe person therein described or any other who were concerned in this riotous business , with a reward to the person for each person so apprehended .

No persons here have worn any blue or other cockade, on this riotous business, so that from the hand-bills already printed and distributed, wedid not see any use in printing and distributing either of the hand-bills that your lordship were pleased to send me, and have suspended so doinguntil yourfuther pleasure is known.

We have eight persons in goal, most of whom we think capital, and we have informations against eightmore or thereabouts , some ofwhom I am informed are absconded

We have not been able to discover that any persons from London came here , forming the plan for, or setting the chapel and houses on fire Nor have we been able to discover any person in particular here that had so formed the same , except one John Butler, a servant to a Mr. Baldwin in the Crescent, who headed a parcel ofboysrunning after the popish priest, who lived in one of the houses adjoyning the chapel, th[r]ough several streets of the city. But this servant appears to me not to be in a capacity or station fit for to form and execute any kind of suchlikebusiness; and declares no person set him about it.

Weare inhopes that we shallcompleteour informations and examinations this week and we had previous to the receipt ofyour lordship's letter, formed our resolution to transmit to your lordship copies ofall our proceedings when finished from which your lordship would be enabled to advise what would be proper for the Crown to do; which copys we intend for yourlordship to receive Mondaynext.

It did not appear to me to be material to have troubled your lordship on this business, until we couldfurnish your lordship withthe copys above mentioned; and the rather as all thingswerequiet here .

Ihave caused inquiryto be made respecting the supposed firewhich your lordship mentions at the house of one Jolly; and the bestaccount that I can learn is that no actual fire has been in his house, otherwise than as aftermentioned: which was, that he and some other persons living with him in his house, had been using a charcoal fire in the kitchen, in their respective businesses; from which had issued a suffocating, disagreeable smoak; and this as far as I have learnt is the wholeofthe supposed fire at this man'shouse .

I am my lord

your lordship's most obedient and obliged humble servant, John Chapman,Mayor To the Right HonourableLord Hillsborough.

5 S.P.37/21/72, printed supra , p. 185. See also note 1 .

S.P.37/21/153. [Endorsed Guildhall, Bath, 17 June 1780. The Mayor R. 19th by a private hand One inclosure] Guildhall, Bath, 17th June 1780.

My Lord ,

With this your lordship will receive copys of all the informations that we have taken here respecting the late riot and riotersas also a copy of the Coroner'sinquesttaken on the body of a rioter who was shot in the late riot, whereinthe verdict is that is [sic .] was a justifiable homicideby a person unknown.

Nothing has arisen here materialsince I had the honor of writing last toyourlordshipbut all is peacehere. We are endeavoring to apprehend those rioters whom we have informations against that are notyettaken .

The Town Clerk will send your lordship tomorrow a short abstract of the substance of the charge against each individual for your lordship's ease in seeing and discovering each person sooner with the crimes charge[d] on him. I have the honor to be , my lord, your lordship'smost obedienthumbleservant, John Chapman , Mayor.

S.P.37/21/155-6 [Endorsed Bath, 18 June 1780. Mr Jefferys, Town Clerk R. 19th by a privatehand.]

Crescent, Bath, 18th June 1780

My Lord,

With this I trouble your lordshipwith a short abstract ofthe names and descriptionsof, and the crimes charged on, several ofthe riotersin the late sad and alarmingriot here on the 9th instant, against whom informations have been made, distinguishing such as have been taken and are in prison from such as are not yet taken, with the names ofthe witnesses, proving each charge and by whom if committedfrom which your lordship will easily see at one viewwhat has been doneand is doing here to bring these rioters to punishmentand to restoreand preserve the public peaceof the city.

The magistrates have been so arduous and vigilant in theirduty in this business thatthey have sat everyday since until near twelveo'clock at night, sometimes until early the next morning, from whencehas arisen the public peace and safetyof the place as wellas the causeofso many persons beingapprehended and informations taken against others who forthe most part at present are fled fromand endeavoring to avoid justice But the magistrates will not lose sight of using every means in their power to bring these miscreants to open and public justice. The

6 Not among the State Papersin theP.R.O.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

prison here is only belonging to the city in which the prisoners are confined and the charter power directs the Justices to commit offenders which they cannot try (such as the present are, having no jurisdictiongiven them to try such like offences ) to the county goal, one of which is at Ivelchester 35 miles from Bath and the other, being less and a kind of bridewell only, is at Shepton Mallet 16 miles from hence . Of both we have had informations given that they are at this time unsafe to remove the prisoners to, there havingbeen rumorsand alarms ofthepopulac's intention of threateningto rise and break open thosegoals to make a kind of general goal delivery themselves (as itis said) of all persons confined within them For these reasons the magistrates have thought fit to detainthe prisoners here at present that are taken until your pleasure is known, as being as they thinknow the most safe place for their imprisonment, it being now well guarded by the militia that are here, which neither of the other goals are by any soldiery at all as I have learnt And secondly, if the Crown shouldbe advised or think fit to issue a special commission for tryingthese criminals here , it would save all expences and hazard not only in removing them to either of the above goals but also in removingthem again to any other place (which perhaps would be the case) to be tryed either at a general goal delivery or at a special commissionofdelivery for that purpose. And if tryed at Bath all expences ofwitnesses andloss oftime to attend the tryal at anydifferent place (which mustbemany miles ifat all) willbesaved .

And as the late riot will be prettygenerallyand dearlyfe[1]t bythe inhabitants of this place in the general idea of its once being an agreeable assilum of a peaceable retreat of ease , safety and security to persons with theirproperty beingnow in part lost unless somethingcan be done to restore , revive and continuethat once agreeable and general idea , and nothing seems to me a morelikely means ofdoingit thanthe delinquents being speedily tryed and punished , if convicted, at the place where the offence arose; all which is submittedtoyourlordship's wisdom and consideration. I shall be in Town the 26th. instant ifyour lordship should want to know anything that you may think I can inform you if your lordship will please to send to me at Mr. Whittingham's, Cary Street, I will await on your lordship when you please

I am , my lord, your lordship'smostobedienthumbleservant, Jno Jefferys, Town Clerk

The Right HonourableEarl Hillsborough

Ilchester

S.P.37/21/167 . [Endorsed Bath, 21 June 1780. Mr Jefferys, Town Clerk. R . 23d ]

Bath, 21st June 1780 .

MyLord, I sent your lordship the abstractofthe informations, and the names ofthe persons against whom made,with those that had been taken, by the Bath fly, on Sunday last (which arrives in Town 12 hours sooner than the post) in hopes that your lordshipwould receive it, near atthe same time, with the copys sent of the informations made etc., in order to endeavor to ease your lordship (ifyou that prefer)ofthe trouble of reading the whole of the tedious formal informations Nothing has materially occurredsince writing that letter.

-

We have this day had an information made against an additional rioter but the man on search we found absconded. The tradesmen and reputable persons of the city have been desirous to form and associate themselves underthe powerofthe civil magistrates; and in aid of, and subserviency and obedience to the legal constables ofthe city. This at present has been permitted; binding each man tofidelitybyan oath, which is extrajudicial as I conceive; and they are to patrole the city in parties, under the directions of the constables, by nightthe inferior class of men having been tried and found very remiss and negligent in theirduty.

Your lordship will please to signify your approbation, or the contrary, of this measure; and the magistrates will, I trust, act in obedience thereunto. All is peaceandquiet here .

I am , my lord,

Your lordship'smost obedientand faithful servant , Jno. Jefferys, Town Clerk.

S.P.37/21/184. [EndorsedCary Street, 1st July 1780.MrJefferys, one inclosure ]

AtMr.Whittingham's, No. 5, CaryStreet, LincolnsInn 1st. July 1780

MyLord,

I trouble your lordship with the extract of a letter that I received this day from my deputy at Bath, by which your lordship will be informed what has been further done, and is still doing, since my last letter to your lordship, by the magistrates and corporation of Bath,in consequence ofthe late sad unhappyriot there. I believe a subscriptionwill be set onfoot (following thecorporation

8 . Seenote6.

9 See end ofletter of 18 June (supra , p 192)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

bounty) by the inhabitants of the cityfor the same laudable purpose of demonstrating their gratitude to the soldiery and chairmenfor their services on the late unhappyoccasion

Your lordship were pleased to express a pleasing testimony ofyour approbation of the method with which the late extract I sent your lordship of the riots and riotings committed at Bath was formeda method which, your lordship was pleased to declare, made it so easyas to see and fully comprehendthe whole of the business almost at one point of view and this I think, ought always to be observed to persons in public character , whose time is scarcely measurable in point ofvalue

From your lordship's feeling, and experimentally knowing, the speedy, as well as both easy and safe dispatchof the mostweighty and important business, when reduced into strict method, and approved good order in which the happiness of the public, as well as every individual, is inseperablyfounded - it inducedme to takethe libertyto mention to yourlordshipthatwhilst I am in Town, if agreeable to your lordship, I can shew you such accurate methods, and approved forms, of keeping landed estates, that I am persuaded will strikeyourlordship with a pleasure known only to those who wish to be in the practiceof those methods, which reduces everything to ease, clearness and certainty, joyned happily to a speedy dispatch , bywhich a multitude of other loborious ways are saved, and more business done with satisfaction in one hour than in 10 where a long confused manner is followed

Iam, my lord, your lordship'sfaithful and obedient Jno. Jefferys.

S.P.37/21/186 . [Enclosure with the above, endorsed 30 June 1780 , extract of a letter from the Deputy Town Clerk of Bath to Mr Jefferysin London In MrJefferys's, 1st July1780.]

Extract from a letter which Mr Jefferysreceived this morning, 1stJuly 1780, from the Deputy Town Clerk of Bath, dated 30th June 1780."

Corporation Hall, Tuesday 27thJune 1780 10

The corporation resolved that £ 100 be paid to the chairmenwho were assisting, and acted in aid of the civil magistrates of the city, in endeavouring to quell the late riot and to preserve the peace ofthe city the same to bedistributed among them by or under the direction of the Chamberlain , Mr. Street, Mr. Horton and Mr. Harford, or anythree ofthem .

10 The extract which follows is evidently from Council Book no 10 (BathCity Archives) which adds, "Resolved that the loss sustained by persons in this city during the late riot ought to be restored to them by the public, as it is thought will be in London"

That 100 guineas be also paid to the soldieryunderthe direction of Mr. Wiltshire , Mr. Horton, Mr. Jacob Smith, Mr. Chas .Shillottand Mr. Cary, or any threeofthem .

And that the two troops of Horse and militia now quarteredhere were in their opinion a sufficient force to guard and preserve the general peaceofthe city, and for that end desired their continuance .

Riot I sent the warrants against the several persons who were concerned in the riot to Bristol, Sir JohnFielding and Taunton as you directed

Sir Abraham Elton has since been with me, and told me that hehad caused the descriptionsof the men to be wrote out and stuckup about the Council House, He thinks it would be best to advertise them with theirdescriptions, with a reward to be paid on conviction, in the Bath , Bristol and Gloucester papers Ifyou think this method advisable Iwill get itdone .

AtMrWhittingham's, Cary Street, 9thJuly 1780.

S.P.37/21/227 . [Endorsed Carey Street, 9 July 1780, Mr Jefferys. R. Do.] MyLord,

In pursuance of your lordship's request, I have enquired after the Christian name of Mr. Baldwin in the Crescent and find his Christian name is Winthrop

The Attorney-General has been pleased to inform me that a special commission will be executed at Bathfor tryingthe late riotersthere .If the Crown does not take up the prosecutionsand give some directions for preparationsto that end in time, I fear little will be made ofitfor the commission I find is to be executed on 24 August next. Some directions, I submit to your lordship, ought to be given respecting the prosecuting, or making one Geo: King an evidence for the Crown.The latter I submit is what unquestionably strikes me ought to be pursued, for the reasons in the extract I sent your lordship. I am , my lord,

Your faithful and obedient Jno Jefferys.

S.P.37/21/229 . [Three copies in the same hand, endorsed R. 11 July from MrJefferys, Town Clerk ofBath]

Mr Daniel Millsom, as I do not care to be seen in this matter , I acquaintyou byletter, but I would have yougo out a town directly as there is 4 or 5 men is going to the Town Hall to swear against youfor

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

burning and destroyingthe furniture and house on St. James'sParade .I heard one man say that you done more mistchife there than any one and he swears that he will bring 4 or 5 more that will give evidence against you; therefore ifyou have got any regard for yourlifeIbegyou will leave the town as soon as possible. MrDanl.Millsom , to be left at Mr. Cottle's, shoe maker, withspeed.

Mr. Coalman . As I do not chuse to appear personally in this affaire , accations me to writeto you. Ibeg ofyou to abscond emeaditelyifyou have got any regard for your life; there is no less than4 peoplegoingto swear against you respecting burningthe popishchapel and abusingone ofthe BathVolintears, but Ido not know his name -I have sent a note to Danel Millsom to desire him to leave Bath as soon as posible -I am sure hewillbe takenif he does notgo of.

I will make myself known to you I hope soon if all is safe , and no morenotice taken

Iwas veryfearfull last night but I hopeIamsafe . Radstock , Thorsdaymorning. Mr Coalman, grocer , near Mrs. Busell's, Market Plase , Bath

MostworthySir,

Itis with horror and grief I inform yourworshipthat Gordan'smob , who lately destroyed the Romish chappel and building adjoining thereto in this once famousand most beautiful city, threatens likewise to destroy many more before it be long, if Providence don't interfere; therefore, kind sir, let me earnestlybeg the favour of your worship to put yourself and this almostruined city in a proper postureofdefence before it is too late, as your worship and the ever worth Mr. Phillottat the Bear are in imminent danger, likewisethe newprison and the Town Hall. It is true I spent manythousands in this city, andthatwith adeal of pleasure and satisfaction, and would be heartily sorry to leave it on account of a destructiveand rebellious set of ruffians, as it isthe only part of England I like best . Therefore, if I thought that I could live in peace and safety, I should , with many more worthy and respectable gentlemen of my acquaintance , rest contented and fear no danger. Those ungrateful, and wicked miscreants , I am credibly informed, intends, as soon as the town is a little quiet and evacuated ofits present trifling force, and the militia encamped, to assume their former destruction, with double force, and are certain to gain their most abominablepoint if not timelyrepelled by force and justice O, what an unparrell'd scandal it has brought, on all faithful protestant subjects and our holy religion, and that all over Europe Yet I hope that the judicious and ever worthy mayor and corporationof thiscity will do all that lies in their power to re-establish its former lustre and secure its noble benefactors from the fury of the irreligious and plundering vagabonds who glory in their neibours' downfall and utter distress.

Iammost worthysir , your worship's most humble servant

P.S. Slight not this, I beseech you, as it comes from your sincerest friend

The worshipful Francis Bennett Esq , Belmont.

S.P.37/21/239. [Endorsed Mr Chamberlayne S.P. R. 12 July 1780.]

Sir,

Agreeable to Lord Hillsborough's directions, I laid Mr. Jeffreys's letter respecting the Bath rioters before Mr. Attorney-General who desired me to acquaintyou, for the information ofhis lordship, thathe is ofopinion a special commissionis unnecessary as the prisoners may easily be removed from Bath to Wells at the time of the Assizesandif any of them are convicted they may be brought back to Bath to be executed. He likewise desired me to add that it is very proper the Crown should be at the expence of the prosecutionsand therefore desires a letter from his lordship directing him to carry on the prosecutionsat the expence of his Majesty.

Iam , sir, Yourmost obedientand mosthumbleservant , Wm. Chamberlayne . Southwark , Wednesday afternoon.

S.P.37/21/257-8.11 [Endorsed 15 July 1780. Mr Attorney General's report on the modeoftryingthe riotersat Bath. R.sameday.]

To the Right Honourable The Earl of Hillsborough, one of His Majesty'sPrincipal Secretaries ofState.

MyLord, In humble obedience to his Majesty'scommands signifiedto meby your lordship's letter of the 2d instant, transmitting a letterfrom the mayor of Bath dated 17th June last together with copies of all the informations taken respecting the late riot and riotersin that city, also a letter from the Town Clerk of Bath dated the 18th June and a list with itof such ofthe said riotersagainst whom informations have been made, distinguishingsuch as are taken and in prison, and such who are not yettaken, and directing me to take these papers intomy immediate consideration, and report to your lordship for hisMajesty'sinformation my opinion, whether it will be right and expedient to try the said rioters by a special commission at Bath, or to remove them to the

11 Between this and the preceding documentis S.P./37/21/245: an information laid in Bath against two London tavern-servants, allegedly implicatednot in the Bathriots butin the London events (at Newgate and St George's Fields)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

county goal to be tried at the ensuing Assizes under the difficulties, dangers and expences mentioned by the Town Clerk or in any other modeImay suggest: I have takenthe said papers intomy consideration and I am humbly of opinion that it will be properto try the offenders at the next Assizes for the county of Somerset which willbe holdenat Wells about twenty miles from the city of Bath. The safe conduct of the prisoners from the city of Bath to Wells and attendance ofthewitnesses , who are veryfew in number,will not, as I conceive, be attended with any difficulty and may be done at a small expence. Specialcommissions are generallyissued where the nature of the offencedemands a more expeditious trial and example than can be had in the ordinary course ofjustice orwhere the trials of offenders maytakeup moretime than can with convenience to the country be allowed upon a circuit, but in the present case the Assizes at Wells will be as soon or sooner than a special commission can conveniently be executed and , on considerationofthe several informations,there does not appear to mea probability of more thanfour or five persons beingconvictedof capital offences and in case all the prisoners were to be tried, their trialsmaybe had within the time allotted by the judges for the dispatchof business at Wellsbut as the offences ofmost ofthem seem to amount onlyto misdemeanors they will have it in their power to postpone their trials until the SpringAssizes

It may be proper for the sake ofexample that the executionofsuch of the offenders as shall be convicted capitally may be at Bath, which the judges undertheir general commissionmaydirect All which is humbly submitted to his Majesty'sroyal wisdom . 15th July1780. Ja. Wallace.

S.P.37/20/362. [Fr. Brewer's letter;no endorsement]

To Sir Stanier Porter, Knight , Secretaryto the Right HonourableLord Stormont, London.

HonouredSir,

I am sorry the person I had commissioned to lay before you the incendiary letter which was sent to me here and which was delivered to you last Monday, was out of town, otherwisehe could have acquainted you witheveryparticular relating to me and to my situation in life.

I am the unfortunate Roman Catholic clergyman , who was hunted from placeto place and pursued through several streets the evening of the Bath riot: it was with great difficulty I escapedfrom falling a victim to the fury of the mob Being here the public minister for persons of our persuasion I am wellknown and was openly attackedinthe street that evening by one Butler, who is mentioned in the incendiary letter and was then servant to Mr. Baldwin, a gentleman living in this town. After pursuingme at the head of his mob he led themto myhouse and

chapel, both which, together with all the furniture and books , were entirely destroyed. This unhappy man was afterwardstried and hanged on the spot, though from motives ofdelicacyI did notgive evidence at his trial.

The Belltree, which is threatened to be first set on fire,isthe house I now live in,in the upperpart ofwhich there is a longroom set aside for divineworship

The incendiary letter was sent to me a few days after the Scotch Greyswereordered awayfromthis town,which nowbeing left without any militaryforce, makes people , particularly those of our persuasion, apprehensive for themselves and property, and nobody has more reason to be so than myself after what I have alreadyundergone and am now threatened with.

I beg leave to observe that all the Catholics here,most ofwhom are gentlemen of family and property, chearfully took the late oaths of allegiance tendered to them by his Majesty and therefore, both onthat account and for their constant peaceable behavior, flatter themselves they will be entitled to his Majestys' protection.

Ihave the honor to be, honouredsir,

Yourmosthumble and most obedientservant , John Brewer . Bath, Belltree , November 15th 1780

S.P.37/21/406. [Endorsed Bath, 26 November 1780. Mr Wiltshire, Mayor ]

My Lord, I had the honor ofyourlordship'sanswer to my lettre Friday morning and one troop of the Inniskillins came in yesterday , which hasdispelled the fears of those most pointed at and willfully answer all purposesif my own private opinion had lead me to think that an application to your lordship was unnecessary at this junctureand contrary to that, any mischiefs had ensued, such a plea would have been a very poor vindication of my conduct, more especialy as I have so recent an example beforemy eyes as the late disturbance here.

The very loose conversation of manypersons,who thinkthemselves of consequence, and the minds of the common people so exceedingly prompt to execute what that suggests , determinedme to judge, thatit was best to beprepared for the worst that might happen and more so as the inconvenience and trouble ofremovinga few troopsfromonequarters to another stood in no competition with an insurance of the publick safety. Your lordship's very kind and ready compliance with our wishes deservesthe warmest acknowledgements of this city, for which ,Ihave the honor to be

Your lordship'smost obedienthumbleservant , Walter Wiltshire

Bath, the 26th November1780

THE JOURNALOF PETER AUGUSTINEBAINES O.S.B., 1817-19

Thisdocument , The Student'sJournal, measuring 4 "X7 "andquarterbound in red morocco with marbled boards, contains 106 diary-pages two to a week with Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday occupyingthe left-hand pages and the other four days the right. The namesofthedays ofthe week are printed, but not the dates, and where Baines does not himself give these I have added them, in italics . Some perceptive notes on this journal and its contents were printed in The DownsideReview for July 1900 (pp. 182-8) under the title "A Priest's Diary, 1817-18" , and two modern writers who have referred to it are Father J.B. Dockery O.F.M. and Mr Bryan Little, but it has never been printed in extenso . The journal calls for little preliminary comment and can be allowed to speak for itself save on five occasions when its messageis obscured by short snatches of cipher These I have been unable to de-code and they are therefore reproduced as they stand .No doubt, as suggestedin the DownsideReviewarticle (p 183), the lettersM.,D.,T.,S. and SS , which occur in many of the journal-entries, stand for Mass , dinner, tea, supper and sacraments, while "Conf" clearly means confession, "Comn. " communion and "int " intention. These obvious and recurrentabbreviationsare here printed as originally written ; others are expanded , save in the case of personal names (including titles) and place-names. Original spellings are retained but punctuation and capitalisationhave been modernised

All editorial comments or additions, in italics, are enclosed in square brackets. Otherwordshere italicised are ones underlinedin the original.

[Flyleaf entries, unpaginated ; my numbering.]

1. This Journal of Rev. P.A. Baines (afterwardsV.A.W.D.² and Bp of Siga) was in Mr Quin's possessionat his deathat 14 S. Parade3.11.90 and was probably given to him by Mgr Brindle D.D., a colleague of Rev. P.A. Baines on the Bathmission Mgr Brindlelivedfor some years in Mr Quin's house when the N.P. Bank was in Abbey Church Yard . G.J.D. St John's Priory,S.Parade [The first partofthis note, as far as the word "mission" , and the initials "G.J.D." , are printed in the DownsideReview extract ]

2. [Letter on black-edged notepaper , addressed: Revred Mr Baines 6Philip St.]

Mr Eyston is extremely sorry that Mr Baines has had the trouble of sending up an answer . Mr Eyston had first sent his servant to Philip St.

1 In Collingridge : A Franciscan Contribution to Catholic Emancipation (Newport, Mon. 1954) and CatholicChurches Since 1623 (1966) respectively. 2 Vicar-Apostolic oftheWestern District

3 Dom George Joseph Davis O.S.B., at Bath 1864-1900 (Birt, p 195). ThePost Office Directoriesfor Bath from 1858-9 to 1864-5 show Brindle at no 2 Abbey Churchyard, the addressof the NationalProvincialBankof which JamesQuin was manager The Directory for 1866-7 gives Brindle'saddress as 8 Ainslie'sBelvedere and thefollowing issue shows thebank (and Mr Quin) in MilsomStreet

As Mr Baines says he is disengaged at 7 Mr Eyston will take the liberty of naming that hour.

½ after four

Wednesday4

3. [On the reverse side of the above letter are the following calculations, unexplained , in Baines's hand.] Rects 1- 0-0 6-0 1-0-0 12-0

81

4. Dr Baines had begun to look out for a residence and to purchase furniture soon after his arrival in Bath which was earlyin August 1817 . His assistant , Mr Brindle, arrived while he was yet in Philip Street, coming on 18th of September At once he took him to see the future residence. Five days after, they went to P.Park; sawthrough the house and grounds. [This note and the next are in the hand of Dom G.J. Davis, O.S.B.]

5. [On reverse sideoftheabove]

Some papers of early and preparitory arrangements for the future P. Park establishment , prefaced by some previous account of the then stateofthings [The words"thethen"areadded inpencil Nowfollowthediary-entries .]

4 This undated letter may referto Baines'svisit to the Eystons on the evening of Wednesday 5 Nov. 1817 to baptise their son Afew days later (8 Nov.) he moved from Philip Street See his journal-entries for these two dates Philip St. (now demolished) was parallel to Horse St. on the east side (see frontispiece).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Thursday 11 Sepr. 1817. M. Mrs Mary Morgan Went to a sale at Lincomb House; bought two bronze candlesticks and a shade lamp £1 . 1. , also a reading screen 12s D.Mr Knap. T. Mrs. Langton. Read an hour in the French Grammar (Pybus's). Attended two sickmen in Walcotworkhouseand a sick woman in Avon St. (SS).

Friday [12 Sept. ] M. Mr Thos Day. An: Attended a sale in Pultney St. Measured and took an exact plan of the chapel; benches , numbering etc. D. home T. Do. Called at Mrs Ferrers Attended the girls' school 2 hours with Miss M. Hyde Read nothing.Spentanhour in preparinga sermon for Sunday.

Saturday [13 Sept. ] M.Miss French's int. Wentto lookatfurniture at Green Park Buildings and Montpellier. Bought a dining Pembroke table £6. Cons from ½ past 1 till ½ past 3. Examined the burying vaults. D. at home Conf: from6% to 8% . Sermon from 9 to 11. Read nothing

Sunday [14 Sept. ] Buried at infant of Mrs Strutter of the North Parade in the vaults below the chapel at 7 o'clock Sung the Mass and preached.Saidvespers D. MrDay T.Mrs Riddell . 10 Had a longvisitfrom Mr Brown and son Mrs Strutter promisedto make some acknowledgment on a future occasion should it be in herpowerbut I allowedher notto consider it as an obligation. I had particular reasons for allowing her this privilige.

Monday 15th Sept. 1817.M. Miss C. Fleming Boughtata house in Seymour St. 10 chairs at a guinea and 2 Grecian couches for 11 guineas and at a sale , 48 Pultney St., a lootable¹1 £5. 10., screens, fire-irons etc.D.Madme deBeaurepaire¹ 2 withGenl Auriol¹³ etc.T.Do.Calledat Miss Hotham's . 14 Saw two sick . Read nothing

Respectively of 1 Bathwick Street and 14 South Parade (1819 Directory, p 74) For other Knapp references, see C.R.S., 56, p. 169 and E. Castle (ed.) The Jerningham Letters, 1780-1843 (1896) I, p 329, and, for the Langtons, ibid , II, p 232 & passim See alsojournal-entryfor 30 May 1818 & note thereon.

W.H. Pybus, An Easy, Natural and Rational Mode of Teaching and Acquiring the French Language on a Plan Entirely New, etc. (1816)

7 Anniversary ?

8 Respectively of 27 Henrietta Street and 9 Marlborough Buildings (1819 Directory, pp 60, 71). Bothfamiliesare mentionedin The Jerningham Letters, I, pp 327-8, 334; II, 400, 407. See also note 21 below(Ferrers) & journal-entry for 11 Dec. (Mrs Hyde)

9 Seealso Reg. 2 (death-entry).

10 12 Royal Crescent (1819 Directory, p. 88)

11 A circular card-table for playing the round-game of loo (a three- to five-handed variant ofwhist)

12 Miniature-painter, of 3 Montpelier (1819 Directory, p. 45; Jerningham Letters, I, p 325; II, pp 171-2).

13 OfHanging-land (1819 Directory, p 42)

14 Sir W. Hothamof 10 Cavendish Place occurs in ibid ,p. 70 .

Tuesday [16 Sept.] Went at ½ past 7 with Mr and MrsJohn¹5 Miss and Miss Cath. Wright to Kings' Weston Point, the cottages. Churchat B. and D. at Bath Hotell, Clifton Returnedhome before 10 p.m. Read nothing

Wednesday [17 Sept.] M. Mrs Ann Reino . 16 Auction , 10 North Parade; bought a wash-hand stand, dressing table etc. D.Mr Dennie . 17 Read a little in the French Grammar etc. T. Mrs. Fitzgerald, 10 Sth Parade.

Thursday [18 Sept.] M. Mr Cornelius Dealy. Mr. Brindlearrivedat 11o'clock Called on Mr Knapwith Do.; on the Miss and MrsHydeand Miss Talbot. D. Mr Patrick . 18 Walked to Mrs Harzanik's . 19 T. Mrs Langton. Read French Grammar ½ an hour.

Friday [19 Sept. ] Mass Pro felici [?] statu Cong. Bought two pedestals for busts etc., 10s. Introduced Mr Brindle to Madm . De Sommery , 20 Mrs Flin, Mrs Wright, Mrs JohnWright, MissW. andsister , Miss Riddell and called at Mrs Riddell. Walked after D. at home to Bathwick Church and Sydney Gardens. T. at home. Miss Carywith us. During tea Miss Ferrers came in great distress, informed that hour of her brother's deathby accident.

21

Saturday [20Sept.] M.MajorFerrers. Confs at 11.ToldMrsFerrersof her son's death; got it inserted in the paper.² Con: from ½ past 1 till 4. 3 general confession of converts . D. at home . Went to see Mrs Westall (sick) and heard her confession . Sermon and office from6to 11.Read nothing. Heard confess: from8 to 9 a.m. [sic.].

Sunday 21 [Sept. ] M.MissRiddell. Confessions after MrBrindle said the High Mass the first time. I preached. Visited the Mrs and Miss Ferrers Sung vespers etc. D. and T. Miss French S. Mr Knapp. Met there Mr Saml . Day and Mr Bendry. Returnedhome and wrote to my mother by Revd Vinct. Glover22 who returns tomorrow morning to Liverpool

Monday 22 Sepr 1817. M. Madm de Sommery Instructed Mr

15 i.e. Mr and MrsJohn Wright(see entry for 19 Sept.) See also note 168 . A Miss Renau of 3 SpringfieldPlace occurs in the 1819 Directory, p. 88. 16

17 J. Denie, woollendraper, of24 Milsom Street, occurs in the 1819 Directory, p. 57 but see entry for 29 Dec. where his addressappears to be 7 Sion Row. Perhaps the former was his business address and the latter his private residence , See also entries for 30 Oct. & 29 Dec.

18 Perhaps of 9 SouthParade(1819 Directory, p. 84).

19 Surname variously spelt; see index . An 1836 reference to "the late C. Hartsinck , Esq , of Great Malvern" occurs in C.R.S., 12, p.216

20 Or de Sommerie (Jerningham Letters, I, p 325; Davey, p. 99).

21 See also entries for 19 & 23 Sept. and Jerningham Letters, I, pp 334-5. In the Bath Chronicle for 25 Sept. 1817 is an account of the fatal accidentwhich befellMajorFerrers at Cambrai

22 Dom Vincent Joseph Glover O.S.B. of St. Peter's, Seel Street, Liverpool; cf. Birt, p 142; T. Burke, Catholic History of Liverpool (Liverpool, 1910) pp.25-8; 63-4

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Philips, a young gentleman applied to be a convert. Called on Mrs Willan with Mr Knapp and Brindle Went to Prior Park with Miss Hotham, Swift etc. and saw all through the house and grounds . D. at home.WrotetoMr Birdsall . 23 T.Mrs FitzGerald Read nothing.

Tuesday 23 [Sept.] Gave directions for painting the two lower rooms in No. 2 PierpontPlace and engagedto give the painter £3 forit. Conf: M. Major Ferrers Mrs John and Miss and Miss Cath Wright breakfasted with me Went to an auction, no 20 Pultney St., and bought a quantity of plate and linen, £23. 6. 6. Admitted to the profession of faith 3 persons Visited Mrs Ferrers and had an article inserted in the paper about her son D. and T. Madm. de Sommery. Read nothing

Wednesday 24 [Sept.] Conf: Mr Lawson 24 breakfasted withme . Mr Knap and Mr Day called . Went to see some goods for auction at Southcot House Attended the sale at 20 Pultney St.; bought nothing Saw 2 poor men at Walcot poor house D. Mrs Hartzink. T. Mr Knap. Lost almostthe whole day in the above occupations No reading

Thursday 25 [Sept.] Conf: at 8. M. Lady F . G's25 int Said mattins and lauds from 5 to 6 a.m. Mr Lawson breakfasted with me. Gave instructions etc. till 12. Visited Mrs Ferrers and Lady Fitzgerald, Mrs Hackett , Mr Bence and Mrs John Wright Chose paper for drawing room . Hair cut D. at home T. Miss Talbot Got wet cominghome. Read nothing but a newspaper. Paid £23 . 6. 6. for goods as 23rd by a check on the bank

Friday 26 [Sept. ] M: Miss French. Breakfasted with Mrs Morgan. Visited Mrs Edgcumb Plunket with Miss M. Hyde D. Mr Patrick. T. Mrs Langton. Walked home with Miss Cary. Found a set of tea things at home.

Saturday27 [Sept.] Conf: M. Lady Fitz-G . Conf: to 10.Breakfast . Conf: Saw Mrs Hippisly's shop and ordered a set of prints ofsaints . 26 Settled with Miss M. Hyde most particularly regarding the house ,No.2 Pierpont Place . 27 Conf: from ½ past 1 to 4. D. at home Con: from 6 to 8. T.Mrs Ferrers Sermon till 12% from 9% . Confessed and baptized the threefollowing converts [no namesgiven].

Sunday 28th [Sept. ] Mass Conf: Mass , Mrs O'Driscol. Sermon till 11; preached on the forgiveness of sins - partly controversy, seemedto be liked . Walked along the canal saying my office till 3. Vespers D.Mr Knap T. Mrs Langton, in companywith Miss Hotham, Swift etc. Read nothing.

23 Later Baines's adversary (see supra , p 87); Definitor of S. Province and missioner at Cheltenham (Birt, p 141; Oliver, p 242)

24 See note 145

25 Doubtless Lady Fitzgerald Sir J. Fitzgerald , Bart , of 4 Brunswick Place, occurs in the 1819 Directory, p. 61. For Lady Fitzgeraldsee also supra , p. 73 and Jerningham Letters, I, p 329.

26 See supra , p 84.

27 See also entryfor 29Sept.

Monday 29 Sept. 1817. Conf: Miss Maria Hyde and Miss Cary breakfasted with me. Transacted business and settled the letting ofthe house to them . Saw a sick woman(Mrs Butler, Abraham'sCourt) D.Mr Knap. Conf till 8. Evening MrKnap.Wrote to Mr Bar informing him of having taken the house etc.28 Paid Mr Harris £3.7 6. for November Masses .

Tuesday 30 [Sept.] conf: Went with Miss Hotham ,Swiftand Bruce to Corsham; returned at 3. Office D. Miss Hotham. Conf: T. Miss Hotham . Read nothing Very bad cold, with headache

Wednesday 1 [October] Conf: Gave Comn : to Miss Walsh's servt and breakfasted with them Conf: at 2. D. Mrs Willan Conf: from ½ past 6 to 8. T. Mrs Willan. Read abouthalf an hour in Butler's Lives of Saints . 29 Promised to be at the chapel at 2 on Friday. -

Thursday 2 [Oct. ] Conf: At 9 went to give comn to Mr Bence . 9 Lampard'sBuildgs. Mrs John Wright and two sisters and Mr Jenkinsat breakfast. Consulted Mr John English on the lease forNo. 2 Pierpont Place and got him to go with me to Mr Trimnell seemed to do the business with great dexterity . 30 D. Mr Hussy, Richd Hill . 31 Conf: T. Mr John English. Met the Miss Humbles . Read ½ an hour in Butler's Lives of Sts . [Here follows a drawing of a hand, with pointing finger, followed by an asterisk, presumablyreferring to theasterisk in the next entry.]

Friday 3 [Oct.] Conf: Com: to Dennis Calaghan, Walcot poor house , and Mrs Ennis, Horse Parade Attended several calls from the poor. Gave 6s 6d to different persons of the congregation etc. Introduced Mr Brindleat MrsButler's. * Conf: at 2 and till 4. D. at home with Mr Tate from Bristol . 32 Called with him at Mrs Butler's and obtained from Mr Combes33 faculties for Mr Brindle. Conf from 7 till ½ past 8.T. at home. Read a discourse byKirwin . 34 Baptized and absolved Mrs Noke.

Saturday4 [Oct.] Conf: from 8 to 9. M.Mrs SusannaDay.MrTate and Mr Combes to breakfast Conf: from ½ past twelvetill 2 at private

28 Dom Thomas Bernard Barr, O.S.B. was Provincial of Canterbury (Birt, p. 134) For Mr Harris see note 115

29 Lives ofthe Saints by AlbanButler (various editions).

30 Mr English was a solicitor of 2 Henry Street (this was a prominent Bath Catholic family); Trimmell, or Trimnell, an upholsterer and auctioneer of 19 Westgate St. Both occur in the 1819 Directory (pp 8, 59 & 98)

31 Not a name , but Mr Hussey's address: 4 Richmond Hill (1819 Directory, p. 71).

32 Joseph TateS.J.; cf. Oliver, pp 111-2, 419-20 ; Foley, VII, p 763 .

33 A Mrs Butler of Bath, niece of Lady Eleanor Butler (of the "Ladies of Llangollen") is mentionedin The Jerningham Letters, I, p 326. See alsoibid, II, pp 12-14, 30-35; D.N.B.; E. Mavor, The Ladies ofLlangollen (1971) But see also note 171. The "Mr Combes" from whom faculties were obtained was William Coombs the elder, Grand Vicar of the Western District ; see Introduction, note 341

34 Perhaps in Sermons by Walter Blake Kirwan, Dean ofKillala, With a Sketchof his Life (1816).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

houses . Do. at chapel from2 to ½ past 4. D. at home Conf: from6to 10. T. home. Read nothing. Saw a sick man, 12 Milk St. Baptized conditionally Mr Noke.

Sunday 5 [Oct.] 7 to 8conf: 8 to 9½ comn: out Office; heard Mass, 11; sung High Mass . Mr Brindle preached for the first time. Dr. Nihell35 called and invited us to dinner on Tuesday next, 5 o'clock. Called half an hour at Mrs Ferrers' Sung vespers; gave Benediction Conf: Office till 5. D. Mrs Butler and Mr Combes T. Miss Hotham. Read nothing Began to prepare a sermon for Liverpool

Monday 6 [Oct.] Conf: M. Sarah Garden . Many callsat my house . Called on Mrs Blundell from home , 36 on Mrs J. Wright;introduced Mr Brindle to the Ferrers; got the key of my new house D.Mrs Hartzink; staidall night and returnedwith Miss Cary.

Tuesday [7 Oct.] D. Dr. Nihell 5. Heard Mass at Mrs Hartzink; returned home with Miss Cary. Received some visits Spent 3 hoursin preparing a sermon for the opening of the Seel St. chapel,Liverpool D. Dr. Nihell T. Do. Took leave of him previous to his departure for the West Indies tomorrow .

Wednesday 8 [Oct. ] Conf: Com: Mrs Hippisly, 19 Grove St.Breakfast Miss Cary Visited Mrs Hacketand two old womenin Guinea Lane. Sermon from 1 to 3. Visited old Mrs Butler, 33 Walcot St. Conf: Mrs Hacket, Northampton St. D.MrsJohnWright.T.Do.

Thursday 9 [Oct. ] Com: to Mrs Hacket and old Mrs Martin , 8 Guinea Lane . Saw Mr Hawarden . 37 Paid for the house in Peirpont Place Conf: Sermon from 2 to 4. D at home . Conf: T.Mrs Ferrers.Mr Morris called.

Friday 10 [Oct.] Conf: SS. to Mrs Warren, Corn St. M. Major Ferrers. Shewed the new house to the Miss Ferrers Conf: Attendedthe school committee as chairman . D. at home. Entered some baptisms T. Mr Hussy. Read nothing

Saturday 11 [Oct. ] Conf: M. Mr Charles Bowman . House . Helped

35 For this family, with West Indian interests and Jesuit connections , see Foley, VII, pp 546-7; Oliver, pp 364-5 In the 1819 Directory (p 81) Dr Nihell's addressis given as 45 Pulteney St. Seealso entryfor 7 Oct.

36 ? of 41 Park Street (1819 Directory, p 46) "from home" probably means "not at home . " thoughit maymean from Baines's own part of Lancashire.

37 Perhaps Dom Joseph Bernard Hawarden O.S.B., thenat Bonham , Som , where he opened a school (Gillow, III, p 182) Birt gives no accountof him , thoughhe includes him (p 343) in the list ofProvincials ofCanterburyan office to which he was elected in 1822 when he either was, or was about to be married . Within the year he left the Benedictines , took a farm atWellow, near Bath, and brought up a family of six children About 1838 they moved to Hinton Charterhouse a short distance away where Dom Joseph Peter Wilson (at Bath, 1836-40; Birt, p. 180) visited them, helped with the children'seducationand got on well withhis former confrère who, however, differed from him about clerical celibacy. Hawarden died in 1851 in his eightiethyear after receiving the last ritesfrom Fr. Charles Parfitt of Midford (for whom see Oliver, pp 372-3) This account of Hawarden is based on Allanson , "Biography" , II, pp. 150-6 (at Downside ) The "Mr Morris" mentioned in thisjournal-entry may perhaps be the futurebishop; see note 74 .

38

the Miss Ferrersin packingup my thingsfor my journey. Shewed the new house to Miss Brun [?]. Conf: Mrs Langton and at home Conf: Chapel till 4. D. at home. Went to receive my rent from MrsBretton, ³ £13.2.6 Called on Mr Day and took a place in the Worcester coach forMondayat 6. Said my office from beginningtoend.

Sunday 12 [Oct. ] Conf: M. Mrs Blundell Breakfast Miss Cary and Miss Blundell. Preached . Call from Mrs Willoughby and [illegiblehieroglyphic] Fanny Ferrers and MrJ. English Conf: Sung vespers. Conf. D. Mr Knap. T. Do. Also at Mrs Nihell's and Mrs Langton's. Prepared for journey.

Monday 13 Oct. Journey to Liverpool Left Bath at 6.39 Gave Mr Brindle £10 Arrived at Worcester at 4. Fare etc. [?] £ 1.9 and [illegible] 2s . Mr Hibdin met me at theWorcester turnpike. D. withhim and bed Miss Robinsoncame with me to Worcester .

Tuesday 14 [Oct. ] Went this morning to Worcester to settle with Miss R. about our journey; determinedto go to Birminghamthesame day. Saw the cathedral ; took an early dinner with Mr and sons Hibdin and left Worcester for Birmingham at ½ past 4. Arrived at Birmingham about ½ past 9. Wrote a note to MrHibdin and anotherto Mr Peach, ordering 2 copies of Dr. Milner's portrait Sleptat the Swan.

Wednesday 15 [Oct. ] Left Birmm. at 6 in theBang-up; breakfasted at Wolverhampton; dined at Newcastle;40 reached Liverpool at 9 p.m. Wentwith Miss RobinsontoMrRobinson's;41 waited to near 11 before he came home Slept at Mrs Slater's Thursday 16 [Oct.] Went to Mass at the new chapel with Mr Robinson at 8½ . Breakfasted with him; objectedto the openingofthe chapel being postponed . 42 Saw MrE.Gloverand Mr Fisher . 43 Refused an invitation to Dr. Latham Dined with Mr Robinson Went in the evening to Mrs Chris Waterton; returnedto sleep at Mrs Slater'sat 11½ .

Friday 17 [Oct. ] Went to Mass at 7% with Mr Glover . Breakfasted with Mrs Slater and met Mrs BainesofOakhill Called at Mr Fisher'sand saw his house and chapel. Met Mr Glover and went with him to Miss McAvoy44 at 2 past 2. She is a pleasant-looking, artless girl. Thechief things [sic.] she did was to tell me the time to ½ a minute (4½ min.

38 Mistress of a school at 13 St James'sParade (1819 Directory, p 47).

39 A "four-inside" coach for Birmingham via Worcester left theWhiteHartinn, Bath, at 6 a.m. (1819 Directory, p 23)

40 41 Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs. Dom Thomas GregoryRobinson O.S.B. (Birt, p . 141; also supra , p 00) See also entries dated 25 Oct., 30 Oct.to 3 Nov.

42 St. Peter's , Seel Street, Liverpool; opening of extended chapel postponed until 27 Nov. (See entry of that date; also Burke, op cit, p 35)

43 Edward Glover and Thomas Fisher, both Benedictines, ofSt Mary's, Liverpool (Birt, pp 139, 146; Burke, op cit , pp 41 , 60, 68, 70; C.R.S., 9, p 191)

44 Margaret McEvoy, or McAvoy reputedlyblind, but able to read , trace map outlineswith her fingers, tell the time and to distinguishcolours and materials , including metals , by touch This much-publicised case led, not surprisingly, to considerable controversyAmongthe literature on it are: T. Renwick, ANarrative

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

before 3); told the colour of the watch hands and that they werestill; told the colour of a piece of paper (crimson) put undermy watchglass, which she could not tell when she touchedthe paper itself; toldmethat my watch was gold, but that the face was only gilt, she thought.My sealwas gold with a stone of a milk colour, the key brass and something else. Could not tell anything put into a hat with the top of thehat towardsher ... * see below (tea with Mrs Birch) [Theasterisk refersto a continuation of this entry, written at the foot ofthepage, after that for Sunday 19 Oct. Here, however , the additional matter is appended to the entry for the 17th.]

* She read a passage from the Knights of St John in the followg manner ... "I know nothing of the notereplied Zeila" the book beingwas Zeila's ansr She felt a longtime beforeshe read at all. She often tried to warm her hands by rubbing and wrappingthem in her handkerchief. I felt them and they wereverycold.She failed in manythings proposed to her

Saturday 18 [Oct. ] Mass at the new chapel (heard); breakfasted at Mr. Robinson's MetmybrothersThos and Burnaby and my sisters Ann Bains and Jane Baines at John Kaye's Went to dine at Mrs C. Waterton's and agreed to postpone the opening of the chapeland to come again to Liverpool for the occasion

Sunday 19 [Oct. ]Went with Mrs and Misses Slater to Mr Fisher's chapel and sung High Mass at 10% . Walked with him and Bennetto see for a horse [sic ] and to see the Old Churchsteeple. Left Liverpool on a hack for Crosby , where I arrived at 4 o'clock and dined with Mr Calderbank ,46 his brother and sister Went in the evening to my brother's atInce and sleptthere

Monday 20 Oct. Returned to Crosby and said Mass (Mrs Blundell) forMr Calderbank , who was very unwell, at 8% . Breakfasted with him. He walked back with me to my brother's and saw the farm. I dined with my brother at 12 and at 1 rode over to my mother's at Kirkby, whom I found quiet well. Saw also my sister's family Harrison who had married the edest [sic ] daughterKitty. Left my mother at 5 and reached Liverpool at 7. Called on my brother-in-law, J. Kaye . 47

of the Case of Miss Margaret McAvoy, with an Account of Some Optical Experiments Connected with it (1817); J. Sandars, Hints to Credulity on the Subject of Miss McAvoy's Blindness (Liverpool, 1818) ; Renwick, The Continuation of the Narrative of Miss Margaret McAvoy's Case (1820) etc. The Benedictine brothers Edward and Vincent Glover appear to have played a prominent part in publicising the case . An account of a visit to Miss McAvoy, given to the Bath Literary and Philosophical Society on 15 Dec. 1817 ,isprinted in the Bath and Cheltenham Gazette of 31 Dec. and two letters on the subject appear in the issue of 14 Jan. 1818.See also D.N.B.

45 StMary's(see note43).

46 Dom James Calderbank O.S.B., sometime of Bath; then of Crosby(Birt, p. 132; supra , pp 72, 81).

47 ? John Kaye, solicitor, a prominent Liverpool Catholic (Burke, op cit, pp. 15, 21, 34, 42, 45)

Arranged with Mr Robinsonthe journey of next day and slept at Mrs Slater's

Tuesday 21 [Oct. ] Left Liverpool with Mr and Miss Robinsonat 11 o'clock. Dined with Mr Molineux48 and proceeded to Knutsford Slept at Newcastle

Wednesday 22 [Oct.] Left Newcastle at 72. Breakfasted at Stone;49 reached Wolverhamptonat 1½ and called on Dr. Milner . 50 He said he had given up architecture and antiquitiesentirely; that the last thing he had written or meant to write on those subjects was the article respectingthem in Rees Encyclopedia.51 Showed us the print of Mr Butler's new chapel Dined at Wolverhampton . Leftitat 3 and reached Worcester at 8% . Staid all night at theHop-pole.

Thursday 23 [Oct. ] Left Worcester at 74. Breakfasted at Tewkesbury and saw the church and bought a history of the town. Arrived at Cheltenham at 1 ; called on Mr Birdsall, but did notfindhim at home. His chapel is neat and very chaste Left Cheltenham at 2 for Rodborough The scenery here and to Pety France romantic and beautiful beyond description. Dined at Rodborough Reached Bath at10 . Paid the Chaise £1.3.0.

Friday 24 [Oct. ] M. Mrs Blundell's int After breakfastwent to see my new house and took a carpet chosen by Mr Knap. Other business about the house till dinner at ½ past 5 at Mr Charles Conolly's, 52 with Mr and Mrs John Clifton . T. at the same place. Miss Riddell and Mrs and Miss Blundell Mr Clifton assured me that Lord Malpas (Rocksavage)53 declared he could never bring himself to be a member of that religion which declared that his wife, lately dead, couldnotbe anangel in heaven .He had applied to MrTibeaux, a Frenchpriest, 54 say Mass for her, which he refused on account of her not being a Catholic

48 Dom John AlbanMolyneuxO.S.B. (Birt, p 153) to

49 Staffordshire; later (in the 1840s) evangelised by Fr. Dominic Barberi and , since the 1850s, the locationof a convent ofDominicannuns

50 Bishop John Milner D.D. , Vicar-Apostolic of the MidlandDistrict (see C.R.S. , 63, p 414 and works there cited)

51 Rees's Cyclopaedia came out in parts over a period of 18 years, title-pages being provided on the completion of the work in 1819. Milner'sarticleappeared in vol. II, section 2 (May 1803) On the datingof thiswork, see B.D. Jackson, An Attempt to Ascertain the Actual Dates of Publication of the Various Parts of Rees's Cyclopaedia (pamphlet, 7 pp , London, 1895)

52 Doubtless the Catholic owner of Midford Castle (built c 1775) on the outskirts of Bath; see C. Hussey, "Midford Castle, Somerset" , parts 1 & 2 in CountryLife, 3 & 10 March 1944, pp. 376-9; 420-3 . See alsosupra , p. 90

53 George James, Earl of Rocksavage and Marquess of Cholmondeley (1749-1827 ) was not pre-deceased by his wife; she died in 1838 ("G.E.C." , Complete Peerage , III, p 204 & note c) Possibly some other lady is referred-to, or perhaps the statement was hypothetical Comingfrom so notoriousa libertine, it should be treated with reserve

54 AbbéThebaultofSidmouth, Devon (Oliver, p 420)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Saturday 25 [Oct.] Went to Mr Wittaker55 and engaged 3 curtains for my study and a sofa-bed Conf: at 1% to 3% . D. at home Mr Robinsonhere ,

linh

Conf. T. home . Sermon till past 12 .

Sunday 26 [Oct.] Gave comm: early to Mrs Langton. M. Mrs.

Called upon by Mr Brown and son , also MrsHartzink , theAbbé, the Countess Nugent56and ayoungladywithher. Called on Mrs Ferrers . Sung vespers D.Mr Knap.To Do. Went at 11 to see a man Sullivan , no.4 OrchardSt. Blundell Preached (47)

-

Monday27 Octr. M. Miss Weston Breakfasted with Mrs Ferrers Got my watch repaired Called on Mr and Mrs JohnDalton57 with Miss Cary. Saw the broker about my furniture . Heard the conf: ofSullivan . D. Mrs Wright to meet the Meynills. T. at Mr Weston's . Whilst writing this was called to Mr Phelan58 whom I found dangerously ill from a paralytic stroke.

Tuesday 28 [Oct.] Called this morning before 6 to see Mr Phelan; found him dying, gave him absolution and extreme unction and last benediction:59 Office. M. Mr Phelan . Breakfast MrsWright, Brock St. Saw several beautiful views of the Simplon etc. This road over theAlps made by Bonaparte quite stupendous Mr Menyll said that in all his travels through Italy he met with traces ofthe French,highlycreditable totheirenergy and greatness ofidea Conf:

Wednesday 29 [Oct.] M. Miss Weston Breakfast with MrDay . Went to Mrs Wright's and staid with Mr Meynell till ½ past 2, looking athis drawings and engravings from Italy, Switzerland etc. D. Mr Dennie Visited Mrs Phelan T. Mr John Wright; met the Meynills and Mr Eyston

Thursday 30 [Oct. ] M. Miss Anna Maria Bishop . Breakfast Mr. Robinson and Miss Cary. Saw the new house and went to the brokers' about it. Communicatedto Mr Day my ideas of improving the chapel. Bought a reading screen etc. 28s. Mr Eyston called, also Mr Meynill and Mr Lawson . Ordered a suit of black (a great coat and pair of pantaloons) of Mr Dennie. D. T. Mr Weston; met Mr and Mrs Meynill etc.

Friday 31 [Oct.] Called to visit a poor man, sick, 13 Avon St.Gave him absolution Also Mr Ryan , St James's St.M. MrsFlin's br . 60 Went

55 Perhaps of the linen warehouse, 18 Kingsmead Square (1819 Directory, p. 102).

56 Lady Nugent of9 (Royal) Crescent appears in the 1819 Directory, p 81.The Abbé may be one of several émigré priests named elsewhere in the journal; see entries for 11 & 15 Nov. 1817, 31 Dec 1817, 9 April 1818 ,etc.

57 Of4 Green Park Place (1819 Directory , p 55)

58 A Mrs Phelan of 6 South Parade occurs in the 1819 Directory, p 85 - doubtless the widow. See also Reg 2 (death of Mr Phelan of S. Parade, 28 Oct. 1817)

59 See previous note. 60 ? brother

with MrKnap to Whittaker etc. Conf: from 2 to4. D. at home . Wentto see Mr Ryan; gave him absolution Conf: from 6 to 8. Went to see Ryan; gave him extreme unction and last blessing . 61 T. at home with Mr Robinson Sermon of Sunday till 12.Read nothing.

Saturday 1 [Nov.] M. Mrs Blundell's int: Sung High Mass; Mr Robinson62 deacon, Mr Brindle sub: Conf: from ½ past 12 till past 1 and from ½ past 2 till 3. Sung vespers Mr Combes here Conf: till past 4. D. at home Mr Robinson Conf: from 6 to 8% T. at home. Sermon. Got MrJ. English to collectfor the poor.MrKnapcalled.

Sunday 2 [Nov.] Conf: M.Mrs Lincoln. To breakfastMiss Cary, Miss Blundell and Miss Wright. High Mass : Mr Robinson priest, myself deacon and Mr Brindle subdeacon Preached a sermon for the poor. Solemn Te Deum for the harvest Collections amounts [sic] to £49 15.3%, besides some more promised Boxes £ 17.2. Sung vespers. D.MrDaywith MrRobinson. T. Do. Wrotea letter to go by Mr Meynill tomorrow to Miss Maria Selby Mr Knap brought a £ 1 from Mrs Fordyce includedin the above.

Monday 3 Novr. Conf: at 9. Office ofthe dead infront ofthe altar. M.forall thefaithfuldeparted B. athome . MrRobinsonwithme.Gave£4 to Mrs Hippisly for the poor and £5 to Mrs Corbin. Called on Mrs Metcalf. Saw Mr and MrsEyston Called on MrJ.Wright and saw allthe family. C. Mrs Eyston D. Mrs Ferrers . Saw the Queen64 arrive at the top of Pultney St. Illuminations with Miss and Miss FannyFerrers;Mr and MrsMadden ofthe party.

Tuesday 4 [Nov. ] Conf: Ordered Mary to light firesforthefirsttime in the newhouse MrO'Connercalled and paid me £2 .2.fora seatnext year and £2.2. for the music of 1818.Conf a French servant of Mrs Tunstall'sand Mrs Langton. Paid a visit to MrsBradfordat St Winefrid's Cottage. D.Miss Humbles with MrCombes . Conf. T.Miss Humbles .Met Miss Gibson and Miss Walton.

Wednesday 5 [Nov.] Medicine. Conf:Breakfast Mr Daycalled.I mentioned to him my idea of changing the situation ofthe chapeland went to Queen's Square chapel65 to see it and heard the service

61 62 For entry ofdeath( 1 Nov.) of Mr RyanofJamesStreet , see Reg. 2. ? Dom Thomas Gregory RobinsonO.S.B. See also entries for 15-21 Oct., 25 Oct., 30 Oct. to 3 Nov.

63 Of2 Bathwick St. (1819 Directory, p 61)

64 i.e. Charlotte of Mecklenburg -Strelitz, wife of George III. Her visit, with Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV), which was cut short by the death of Princess Charlotte two days later, is reportedin the Bath Chronicleof 6 & 13. Nov. After the funeral theroyal party returnedto Bath, on Monday 24 Nov. (Bath Chronicle , 27 Nov.)an event not recorded byBaines as he had that morning set off for Liverpool See, however, his entry for 15 Dec.; also Jerningham Letters, II, pp 110-13 . The royal party stayed in Sydney Place , next door to the Bedingfields ' house (ibid .) See also R.E. Peach, Historic Houses in Bath, I (1883) pp 13-14; J.F. Meehan, Eight Episodes in the History ofBath (Bath, 1809) pp. 44-8.

65 St Mary's chapel, Queen Square, designed byJohnWood the elder, opened in

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Ordered some things at Mr Whittaker's and went with him to Westhall66 to see a book-case Called on Miss Barret , Mr Becker, MrsCroft In the evening after dinner at homeand conf: went to 18 Marlborough Buildings to baptize Charles John Eyston, born the same day . 67 Saw Mrs Metcalf for the 1st time.T. at the sameplace Went toMr Dennie's to take leave of Miss Dennie (going to Brussels) and commissioned her to buy me a watch for about20 napoleons.

Thursday 6 [Nov. ] Conf: M. Mr and Mrs Day. Breakfast Miss Cary. Buried Mr RyanMiss Cary going with me . Visited Andrew Quin, 17 Avon St. Also Mrs Smith, 1 Stanhope Place Let a seat to MrsOsborne. Conf at 3; again at 6 and 8. D. at home. T. do. Heard of the Princess Charlotte'sdeathand her child's . 6168

Friday 7 [Nov.] Conf: M. Mr Edd Mede. Churched a woman. Breakfast Went to a sale in Bathwick St. Called on Mrs Knap, Mrs Ferrers and was there introduced to Mrs Gartside.6 Called on Whittaker and ordered a book case etc. Removed into the house 2 PierrepontPlace Sleep [?] here for the first time. Mr Becker 70 called and paid for a seat for the ensuing year etc., £5.5 D.athome Conf:till 8. T. Mrs Langton; met Misses Hotham, Swift and Cary. News of PrincessCharlotte'sdeathconfirmed.

69

71

Saturday8 [Nov.] Conf: Mr John and Miss Cath: Wright breakfasted with me , the first morning I had been in my new house. " Conf: Went to Whittaker's and bought a sofa-table £5.5.0 Conf: Called on Mrs Langton. Conf . till 4. D. at home . Conf: Wrote a letter to MrPage72 in favour of a poor black who was imprisonedfor begging T. at home. Sermon

Sunday 9 [Nov. ] Conf: M. At breakfast Miss Cary, MrsHussyand Miss Wilmot. Sermon . Preached on the gospel and alluded to the premature deathofthe Princess ofWales Called onMrs Ferrers and Mrs Nihell Sung vespers. D. Mr John Dalton T. D . 73 Met Mrs Butler , Miss

1734 and demolished in 1872. See W.J. Jenkins, "History of the Proprietory Chapels ofBath" (M.A. Thesis, Bristol, 1948) chap 1 & passim.

66 i.e. West-hallPlace

67 For baptismal entry, see Reg 2 .

68 Princess Charlotte Augusta , daughter ofGeorge, Prince ofWales (laterGeorge IV) and wife of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (later King ofthe Belgians; uncle of Queen Victoria) died 5 Nov. 1817 after givingbirth to a stillborn child . See D.N.B.; J. Richardson , "The PrincesssCharlotte" inHistory Today, Feb. 1972 ,pp. 87-93 & works cited ibid , p. 157

69 ? of 13 Edward Street (1819 Directory, p 63); née Howard of Corby (Jerningham Letters, I, p 328; II, p 401. The first entry mistprintshersurname as "Gartrick")

70

71 8 Green ParkBuildings (1819 Directory, p 45)

i.e. 2 PierrepontPlace, to which he had moved from 6Philip Street

72 J. Page, Clerk to the Magistrates and to the Police Commissioners (1819 Directory, pp 2-4, 83) See also note 103

73 Presumably this"D" stands for"Ditto"

Archbald and Mr Eyston Spent the evening in looking over a fine collection of drawings and prints

Monday 10 Novr M. Mrs. Sophia Cary. Signed the agreement about the house with Mrs Hyde Mrs Ferrers, the Miss Ferrers and Mr Willougby called, also Mr and Mrs Weston , also Miss Cary and Mrs Corbin Attended a school-committee and voted the expulsionofJohn Moon D. Mr Weston T. Do. Met there Mr PeterMyddleton Wrotea note to Mrs Wright of Brock St. She leaves Bath tomorrow morning. Gave orders to a joinerfor my bed in the library. Received a letter from Mr Rishton and one fromPlacid . 74

Tuesday 11 [Nov. ] M. Daniel Ryan Wrote a letter to Mr Rishton and one to Mr Manners75 -the latter to go tomorrow . Mr Hawarden called and staid a good while.MrsCrouchalso came.An hour and a half for a sermon . Went to visit a sick man in Avon St., No. 3 in 79.76 D. Mrs Hartzink, with Mr Brindle and Abbé Valgalia.777 T. Do. Returned home at 9. A very rainy day .... Mr Day called in the morning and paid me for his seat and that of his maid , also subscriptionto the choir etc.

Wednesday 12 [Nov. ] Went to Mr Whittaker about the furniture. Heard Mass Shewed Mrs Weston and Mr Peter Middleton through my new house Mr Knap called; went with him to see Knight and Davies' speaking-pipes, 78 determined on having one and gave directions about it to the tinman. Received a letter fromMrCoombes . Answered it Sent a letter this morning to Mr Manners D. Mr Weston Met the Daltons, Middletons, Mrs Riddel, Miss Wright, Miss Cary and in the evening Mrs Richardson . T. Miss Hotham .

Thursday 13 [Nov. ] Set of at 8 o'clock to Canningtonto see the Bishop,79 arrived at Bridgwatersome time after 2 and took a chaiseto Cannington, which is 3 miles from Bridgwater Saw the Bishop, dined

74 Mr Rishton is doubtless DomThomas Clement Rishton, formerly at Bath (see supra., p. 81). If "Placid" was a Benedictine he was probably Edward Placid Metcalfe , then O.S.B. but later secularised (and thereforeomitted by Birt) who joined Baines at Prior Park in 1830. See supra., pp 93-4; also J.C. Almond, History of Ampleforth Abbey (1903) pp 322-4, correctingGillow, IV, pp 568-70 . The only monk in Birt named Placid and living in 1817 is the future Bishop Morris, Visitor-Apostolic of Mauritius, then still in minor orders at Downside (pp 163-4).

75 Probably Baines's friend Cumberland William Manners, organist at Ampleforth; subsequently a "Professor of music" and teacher of singing and of the pianoforte in Bath, music master at Prior Park and choirmaster atthePierrepont Place chapel, in whose vaults he was buried in 1842 (Gillow, IV, pp. 406-7 , correctedby Bath Directories , 1824-42, which show Manners in Bath six years earlier than the date given byGillow)

76

78 ? tenement 3 in no 79

77 TheAbbéAlexis Valgassier died in Bathin 1838, aged 86 (C.R.S., 12, p.227). Messrs Knight & Davies, Chemists and Druggists, occur in the 1819 Dirctory, p 74

79 Bishop Collingridge O.F.M. , then living at the Benedictine convent at Cannington ; see W. Mazière Brady, Annals of the CatholicHierarchy (1877) p 312; J.B. Dockery, Collingridge .

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

and transacted the business I had to do. Attended the Bishop at Benediction Took tea with the nuns and supper with the Bishop.

Friday 14 [Nov.] Heard the Bishop's Mass and said one myselfpro defunctis fratribus et sororibus Breakfasted with the Bishop Left Cannington at 11 on the Bishop's horse D. at Cannington at the George. Went in the Bristol coachto Bristol and took a chaise to Bath, where I arrived at 11 o'clock .

Saturday 15 [Nov.] Conf: M. Called on Mr Day to hear of Mr Robinson Received a letter fromhim telling me ofthe deferringofthe openingof his chapel Called on Mr Whittaker. Con: Mrs Langton. Do. chapel from 2 to 3% . Called again on Whittaker D. a [sic ] home Conf: 6 to 7. T. at home Mr Dourlin80 called Sermon . Answered Mr Robinson'sletter

Sunday 16 [Nov. ] Conf: Mass, Major Ferrers Miss Cary breakfasted . Sermon Preached and gave out thenew regulations fixingthelettingofall theseatsonlyfromAdvent to Advent or from the time they are takento the Advent following . Miss Blundell, Miss Wright,MrsNihell ,MrsHyde and Miss Hyde called Mr Conolly and Mr Knap to take places in the chapel. Conf: Vespers D. Countess Nugent. Met a Mr and Mrs Mitford, Mr Laurenson (a young man preparing for protestant orders), also Captn. O'Brien T. Do. Received a letter from Miss MariaSelby.

Monday 17 [Nov. ] Conf: Breakfast withMrPlunkett. Ordered a pair of halfboots etc. Gave directions for a Mass etc. on Wednesday Made arrangements for the books of seats in the chapel etc. Gave the last sacraments to awomanin Avon St. D. Mr John Wright.T.Do.

Tuesday 18 [Nov.] Gave comm . to the woman in Avon St. and to Mrs Hippisly, Grove St. Called on Mrs Hacket in by the Crescent and found her unprepared for commn by having eaten Transacted business all the morning about the tickets.MrsJ. Dalton and Miss Cary called Bought the chimney-glass and had it put up D. at home. Mr Wassell called and dined . Conf: T. Mrs Langton. Met Miss Hotham , Swift and Cary.

Wednesday 19 [Nov. ] Conf: Mass at 11 on accountofthe funeral of the Princess Charlotte, with (abridged) latanies [sic ] for Englandand prayers for the King. 82 Many calls all morning. Went to see MrsHyde, who is sick. D. Mr Weston Met Mrs Riddell and Miss WrightT.Mrs Corbin.Met Miss Cary. No reading or writing.

Thursday 20 [Nov. ] Conf: M. Mr Edwd [? Edmd ] Mede. Conf: Breakfast . Visited a sick man, 27 Stall St. Remained at home all morning receiving rents. Went at 4 to see Mrs Hyde, who is rather better D. at home. Called on Mrs Butler and took tea at Mrs Ferrers and supper. Paid Miss Dealy her rent in full for the house, 6 Philip St.

Friday 21 [Nov. ] Con: Mass, Constantia , Thos . and Edd. Meade B.

80 Abbé Louis Dourlians (variously spelt; Dourlens in Oliver, p 287;Dowlinin D.R.; July 1900, pp 185-6) forwhom see also Introduction, p 78

81 ProbablyDom Thomas Benedict WassallO.S.B. (Birt, p 162).

82 George III,in his 80thyearand in "mentaland visual darkness"(D.N.B.)

Miss Wright. Sat at home receiving bench-rentstill4. Called to see Miss Esmonde, sick. D. Mr Knapp. Went to see a convert, No. 8 [blank space], heard her conf: Baptised and gave her absolutionand extreme unction Mr Brindle returned from Downside . Took a warm bath at 10 o'clock (96). Visited 2 sick man, 59 Avon St.

Saturday 22 [Nov. ] Took medicine Remained at home all morning receiving rents Called before 4 o'clock on a Mr and Mrs Fraser , a Scotch family just come to Bath, and thenat the White Hart D. at home Conf as usual before and after . Mr Wasseland Mr Pope³³ came . Sermon till 11. T. at home.

Sunday 23 [Nov. ] Mass at 8. Mr Kent. T. Miss Cary,MrPope and Mr Brindle. Mr Pope sung the High Mass . I preached on the Last Judgment . Received some visits. Made one to Mrs Blundell and Mrs John Wright. Mr Weston called after Mass Called on Mrs Hacket, sick D. Mr Knapp. Met the Days of Englishbach 84 and Miss Greenand theHusseys. Returned home and called on Miss Esmonde, 18 Henrietta St., and heard her conf Prepared for myjourney.

Monday 24 Novr. Breakfasted ½ past 5. Left Bath from the York House ½ past685 with Mr Wassell for Evesham . Arrived thereabout½ past 4 p.m.Tooka chaise to Salford to take up Miss Brewer.Staidthere till about 8 o'clock. Arrived with Miss Brewer by chaise at Birmingham at14 after 12 at night. Slept there but could not get anything before going to bed . Thecastle .86

Tuesday 25 [Nov.] Left Birminghamin the Bang-up at 6 a.m.with Miss Brewer Breakfasted at Wolverhampton D. at Newcastle under Line. A verybad, cold daywith a good deal ofsleet and snow . Reached Liverpool ½ past 8; found at Mr Robinson'sMr Cooperand MrDay87 come to be present at the opening of the chapel Slept at Mrs Slater's.

Wednesday 26 [Nov. ] Breakfast Mr Robinson. Spent agooddealof time this morning in writingthe sketch formy sermon . Saw the singer, Mr Molineux , and organist , Mr Bond, about accompanyingthePreface etc.D.MrFisherat 3.Met MrRobinson, the two Glovers , 88 MrCooper and Day. Molineux came at the end of dinner. Spent the evening in preparationfor tomorrow .

Thursday 27 [Nov.] Conf: Sung the High Mass and preached at ½

83

For Wassall, see note 81. Dom Richard and Dom James Alexius Pope are mentionedin Birt, pp 136, 140

84 Frequentlymentionedelsewhere; see supra , p 77 & note 382, also index.

85 This coach is stated in the 1819 Directory, p 23, to have departed at 6.45 a.m.

86 Presumably the name of the inn at which Baineswent hungryto bed (see also entry for 6 July 1818) Salford Hall was the predecessor ofStanbrookAbbey.

87 Probably Dom Lewis Francis Cooper, Procuratorof the North Province, and Dom Samuel Bede Day (born at Wellow, near Bath), then at Standish , Lancs (Birt, pp 148, 161)

88 For these four Liverpool priests, see Burke, op cit. and supra , entriesfor 15-21 Oct. and notes thereto

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

past 10. The chapel not full. All satisfied with the service . 89 Saw Dr Brewer and afterwardscalled on Mr John Kaye and saw mymother , brother etc. Met Dr. Breweragain and Mr Calderbank D. MrRobinson , with all the priests as before and Mr Penswick , 91 Parker , 92 Molineux etc.

Friday 28 [Nov. ] Breakfast Mrs Slater. My uncleThos.fromClaughton called with my aunt and John Kaye. Arrangedwith Mr Robinson the prices of the pews in his chapel. Went with the Miss Slaters to see the blind asylum heard them sing and saw them work. Bought a hearth-rug and some other little things D. Mr Robinson. Called before itonMr and Mrs Birmingham,Nile St. -

Saturday 29 [Nov.] Walked out withMr Molineux to Everton and saw the iron church, Domingo House93 etc., WellingtonRooms⁹4 etc.

Breakfasted at Mr Robinson. Saw Dr. Brewer Took [?] a note to Mr Calderbankand took some letters to the post Saw the Town Hall -- a most beautiful suite of roomsandfrom the cupola a most beautiful view of Liverpool and the Mersey, which seems to run amost [sic .] ½ round the town Hair cut D.MrRobinson. Sermon.

Sunday 30 [Nov.] Said Mass at ½ before 8. Breakfast at Mr Robinson's Prepared for the sermon Served at High Mass at ½ past 10 as deacon and preached - very indifferently Collected £83 odd pounds. Went in a chaise to Ince, after meetingmy brothers Thos., James and Wm Dined with Mr Blundell at ½ past 3 ; slept at Ince Hall . 95 N.B. Preached today upon the Last Judgment, a subject I had treated very well the foregoing Sundayfound my imagination and memory equally to fail me. The failure probably owing to the size and fulness of the place, which required too great an exertion of voice; to itsdampness and warmth etc., etc. , all which obstacles, however , a little more preparationon my part would probably have removed .

Monday 1 Decr. Went at 8 o'clock to breakfast at Carside with my brother . Met my mother and my uncleand aunt fromClaughton After breakfast walked to Crosbyto see Mr Calderbank . Called with him at Crosby-hall and saw the family Wentto Ince and called on Mr Blundell.

89 See Burke op cit, p 35

90 Dom John Bede Brewer O.S.B., once of Bath (at the time of the Gordon Riots; see supra , pp 66-70) and now at Woolton, Lancs.; cf. Birt, p 133, also H. Baker, Historical Notes ofthe Parish ofStMary's, Woolton(unpaginated booklet, Liverpool, 1960, withauthor'sname misprintedas "Barker" on the cover).

91 Thomas (later Bishop) Penswick , then attached to a Liverpool mission (Gillow, V, p 259; C.R.S., 63, p 417)

92 Perhaps James Parker S.J., a native of Liverpool, who had served at Bristol beforereturningto Liverpool where he diedin 1822 (Foley, VII, p 568)

93 Both atEverton , where the Anglican parish church(StGeorge's) is of cast iron In Liverpool; then Assembly Rooms, now (1973) the Irish Centre. 94

95 Residence of Charles Robert Blundell; see T.E. Gibson , Lydiate Hall and Its Associations (1876) pp 134-144 .

Tooklunchwith Revd Messrs. Parker, Hughes96and Pope . Wentwith Mr Calderbank to Great Crosby to see a sick persons [sic ]. Dined at Crosby Hall and metMrMoore, Mr Peter and MrsP. Middleton,Mrand Mrs WalterSelby, Mr Frank Middleton ReturnedtoInce.

Tuesday 2 [Dec.] [Written at right angles across this entry is] "Went to see the blind asylum with the Miss Slaters on Friday last. " [See entry for 28 November , above.] Breakfasted with Mr Blundell at Ince at ½ past 7. Mr Peter Middleton called Went in a chaise at ½ past 9 to Netherton and called on Mr Pope and Mrs Aspinall on my way to Liverpool Arrived at Liverpool about 12. Went with Mr Glover to see Miss McAvoy . 97 She was sitting in her bedroomworking silk purses She gave me a paper cross wrought on silk, neatly. Had a violent contraction in her left leg when the foot touched the floor. Stretchedouther hand to meetmine like a person that cansee but could not distinguishcolours at all, being then only just recovered froma late most severe illness. Dined with Mr and Mrs Birmingham , Nile St. Went in the evening to the King's Arms to [illegible] Mr and Mrs John Gerrard

Wednesday 3 [Dec.] Left Liverpool at 6 in the Bang-up. Breakfasted at Knutsford, dined at Tea at Birminghamand bed . In the coach read the whole ofDr Renwick'saccountofMiss McAvoy , 98who lately exerted so much notice by distinguishingcoloursetc. and readingby the touch.Itis true I saw it myself and am quite perfectly convinced of thefact

Thursday 4 [Dec.] Left Birmingham at ½ past 6; arrived at Coughtonbetween 9 and 10. Breakfasted at Mr Barr's . 99 Went out with him a shooting. Dined with him. Went in the evening to Mr Richd Morgan's and met there a Mr Reeve Slept at Mr Barr's N.B. The centre , which is the most ancient part ofthe castle or mansion at Coughton,is beautiful; the modern wings horrible A good house but in bad repairafinecountry.

Friday 5 [Dec.] Left Coughton ½ past 7 in a chaise for Droitwich; arrived an hour after the Bathcoach was gone. Got into a Bristol coach . Dinedat Tewkesbury.Arrived at Bristolabout ½ past 8ratherearlier. Sleptat Bristol.

Saturday 6 [Dec.] Left Bristol 4 before5 and reached Bath½ past 6; found all in bed. Went to [illegible] Mass . Transacted various

96 ? JohnHughes S.J. , superior of the Jesuits' Lancashire District (Foley, VII, pp. 379-80)

97 Seealso entryfor 17 Oct.

98 T. Renwick, A Narrative of the Case of Miss Margaret McAvoy; with an Account of Some Optical ExperimentsConnected with it, published that same year (1817) Seealso note44

99 Dom Thomas Bernard Barr O.S.B. (see also note 28) had long been attached to the Throckmortons' chaplaincy at Coughton , Warwicks the birthplaceof Dom Joseph CuthbertWilks O.S.B., formerly of Bath(Birt, pp 134, 136; supra., p 71) Wilks was a son oftheThrockmortons' steward (C.R.S., 9, p 396, note)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

business till 12. Called on Mrs and Miss Ferrer's [sic ], also on Mrs Butler Went to Mrs Langton's as usual. Conf: at home and the chapel Churched Mrs Eyston, D. at home Conf: Tea at home Conf: Wrote out myjournal since Mondaylast.

100

Sunday 7 [Dec. ]Conf: till ½ past 8. Took com: to Mrs Langton. Wrote a notice for public instructions during Advent to be read from the pulpit and fixed on the chapel door Office Sung High Mass Mr Brindle preached Mrs Hartzinck called, also Mr Knapp. Visited Miss Hyde on St James's Parade, sick; also Mr Butler, Do. Called on Mrs Cooper, 33 Henrietta St., and met Mrs Osburne Returnedhomeand found Mr and Mrs Denie. Sung vespers and gave benediction. Visited Mrs Westall(sick) and heard her conf. Went to dineat MrJohnDalton. Met Mr C. Mostyn, Mr Butler, Mr G. Carey [?], Mrs and the Misses Nihell and in the evening Genl. Ambrose, 101 Lady Fitzgerald , Misses

Archbald, Blundell, [illegible].

Monday 8 Decr Conf: till 9%. Went and gave com : to Mrs Westall Called on Mrs Brown. Miss Cary at breakfast Ordered Mary to begin getting the books down from the chapel. Put £300 in the bank Called on Mrs Blundell and delivered some letters. Called on Mrs Hacket,sick; on Mr Butler, Do. and Miss Hyde, Do. (St. Jas' Par ) D. Mrs Fraser. To. Do.Called afterwardsonMrs Butler and met a large party - Lady Butler , MrMostyn,Mr Caryetc.

Tuesday 9 [Dec.] Went to give com: to Mr Butler, NewKeySt., and to Mrs Hacket , to whom I also gave extremeunction, and com: to Mrs Harris. Mrs Corbin at breakfast. Ordered marks to be printed for the books of the library of the mission . Began writing a sermon for the press. Attended an auction, Old Bond St., and bought a tea urn, tea pot, bread basket etc. plated articles Called on Mrs Nihell on business On my way to dinner called on a French man oppositethe theatre , sick. D. at Mrs Metcalf'sand T. -

Wednesday 10 [Dec. ] Office Mass Province At breakfast Mrs Nihell , Mr and Mrs Knapp and Miss Wilmot called Went to see about a plate for the door, bought a warming pan Prepared for first instructions. Visited a sick person D. at home 1st Instructions at 7till 8. T. at Mrs Fryer's, 8 Prospect Place Miss Fryer a most beautiful performer on the harp. 102 Called this morning on Miss Morritt and Miss Gooderick and on Mrs Osburne.

Thursday 11 [Dec.] Heard M. B.Mrs Nihell called Wrote a letter to the newspaper on the Bath police respecting the poor " Called on

100 See also entry for 5 Nov.

101 SeeTheJerningham Letters, II, pp 224-6; also pp 191 ,208 103

102 Miss Fryer, "teacher of the harp and pianoforte" , and J. Fryer, "teacher of drawing and professor of perspective" , both of 8 Prospect Place , occur in the 1819 Directory, pp 10, 62; perhaps connected with the priests froma Somerset family of this name mentionedelsewhere (see Reg 1 ; also Baines'sjournal-entries for 5 & 8 May and 4 & 6 June 1818)

103 i.e. Bath and Cheltenham Gazette, 17 Dec. 1817; letter signed "Mediator" ,

Mrs Nihell, Mrs Butler, Mrs Ferrers, Mrs Fitzgerald etc. Went up to see Mrs Hacketwhom I had found dying or dead, after she had received all the SS . and last absolution104 Walked with Miss Cary to dine at Mrs Hartzinck's, where I staid all night Mrs Hyde came into No. 2 PierrepontPlace .

Friday 12 [Dec.] Heard M. and breakfasted at Mrs Hartzinck's. Walked nearly home with Miss Cary Prepared an instruction etc.Called on a sick man and heard part of his confession D. for the first time with Mrs Hyde. Gave instructions T.Mrs Langton.Met Miss Archbold , Mrs Cooper, Gen. Ambrose.

Saturday 13 [Dec.] M. Mrs Lincoln, sick. GaveMiss Carychangefor a £30 post bill and gave her full change in small notes VisitedMr Butler and Mr Melin , 105 sick Ordered some new thingsatWhittaker's.Conf: D. athome At Conf: Tea at home Sermon ; office for tomorrow.

Sunday 14 [Dec.] Mass . Mrs Lincoln, sick. Breakfast home. Sermon. Preached. Mr Dalton, Mrs John and Miss Wright calledalso Mr Knapp. Called on the Misses Humble who go tomorrow to Yorkshire. Wrote a letter for them to carry to Mrs Allen Vespers and Benediction. Called on Mrs Whickham(sick) and heard her conf: D. Mrs Butler; met Mr Feild, Jun., a finemusician.

Monday 15 Decr. Went to see the Queen at the Pump Room with Miss and Miss Fanny Ferrers. Saw her Majesty, the Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Clarence. Breakfast at Mrs Ferrers; met a Mr and Mrs Moore. Called on a sick man, Beaufort Sqr Buried Mrs Hacket. D. at home . Office. Wrote a letter to Mr Metcalf ofAmpleforth. T. at home Called on Mr Weston (not at home) and Mrs Riddell (athome)

Tuesday 16 [Dec.] Gave com: to Mr Melin, Beauford Sqr. Heard Mass . Went with Mr J. English to call on Mr Edd . English about Mrs King Called on Mr Knapp and borrowed his watch In the morning wrote to Bp. Collingridgeand sent his watch; also to Mr Robinson and Mrs Slater . Recd a visit from Mrs Corbin D. Mr John Wright. MetMr Mrs and Miss SothebyandMrsStrickland from Hooke .

Wednesday 17 [Dec.] Called on Miss Lincoln, sick . M. Mr Thos Burke. During breakfast Mrs Nihell called and Mr Knapp Afterwards Countess Nugent Mr J. English called and MissEnglish,withwhom I went to see Mrs King I heard her conf: and gave her absolutionand extreme unction Gave extreme unction to Mr Butler [In the original this sentence is squeezed in between the 2nd and 3rd lines; to print it thus could be misleading ] D. Mr Knapp Instructions at 7 till 20

mildly criticising theBath police for roughness and lack of discrimination in dealing with the poor This produced a rejoinder , signed "Scrutator"in theissue of 24 Dec. (mentioned in Baines's journal-entry for 23 Dec.) to which Baines replied , as "Mediator" , on the 26th (see journal-entry for that date), this letter being printed in the Bathand Cheltenham Gazette of 14 Jan. 1818

104 For entry of death, see Reg 2; alsojournal, 15 Dec. (burial)

105 In the 1819 Directory, p 78, is "Melen" , dressmaker, of 17 BeaufortSquare perhaps the widow of Mr (Augustin) Melin who died on 19 Dec. 1817 (see journal-entries, 1520 Dec.; also death-entry in Reg 2).

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

minutes past 8.T.Mr JohnWright.Met MrsStrickland, Mrs Bennet and MrsHolroyd.

Thursday 18 [Dec. ] Called to Mrs King. Gave her the viaticum and last blessing. Conf: heard Mass Read the Introduction to Mr Fletcher's Manual , 106 an excellent work. Called on Quin, 17 Avon St.his[?] conf: and absolution, and on Melin, BeaufortSqr. D. Mrs Hartzinck T. Miss Hotham , a musical party: two Italian harpers and a Frenchviolin, excellent

Friday 19 [Dec.] Gave extreme unction and com: to Quin , 17 Avon St. Called on another sick man. After breakfastcalled on Mr Weston Afterwards on Miss Walsh about a poor man , on Mrs Butler about Do., on MrsFerrers etc. Met there Mr Romeo Coates107 and was introduced to him . Miss Shaw called . D. at home Prepared for instruction. Gave Do. from past 7 to ½ past 8. T. at home Said office. Read a little in Brittain's Cath: Principles . ' ` 108

Saturday 20 [Dec.] Conf: Heard Mass B. Conf: Baptized Mrs Wilkes'schild . 109 Called on Mrs Melin and appointedMondaymorning for burying her husband , who died on Friday Called also onMrDalton and Mrs Willan D. at home Conf: 2 general ones T. at home Sermon from 9 till 11. Mr Phipps of Leighton House, near Westbury, Wilts , called.Agreed to go to his wife Monday sent. 110

Sunday 21 [Dec.] M. The obligation of this district B. Miss Cary. Preached. Counted the money collected for the hospital, £16 .4.3%; something more promised Called on Mrs Nihell Vespers and Benediction. An Irishmancame with the child of a protestantwoman(it had no legitimate father) and requested me to baptizeit When I refused on the plea of its parent being protestant he said "I command you inthe name of the Father, Son and HolyGhost(to baptizethe child) to make this child a Christian" etc.a funny scene. D.MrConolly. Met Dr.and Mrs BarlowEnteredthe newway into the chapel first time . Monday 22 Decr Took medicine . Mr Pattrick called about the music Called on Mr Butler, Mrs Willan, Mrs and Miss Barrett. Buried Augustine Melin, 17 Beauford Sqr D. at home T. Misses Morrill and Gooderick. Afterwards Mrs Langton and met Miss Conolly. Prepared this morning a sketch for Thursday'ssermon . Tuesday 23 [Dec. ] Visited Mrs Lincoln, sick M.MrsMaryAimy¹11

106 The Catholic'sManual: An Expositionofthe ControvertedDoctrinesofthe Catholic Church, with Preliminary Reflections and Notes, by the Rev. John Fletcher (1817), based on Bossuet's Expostion de la Doctrine de l'Eglise Catholiquesur les Matières de Controverse (1671)

107 Thewealthyand flamboyantamateur actor, RobertCoates (D.N.B. ).

108 Lewis Brittain, Principles of the Christian Religion and Catholic Faith Investigated (1790)

109 For entry ofbaptism , see Reg.2.

110 Presumably sennight : the Mondayafter next; see, however, entryfor 30Dec. For the Phipps family see Burke's Landed Gentry; also V.C.H. , Wilts , VIII, passim.

111 Mrs Amey of 6 St John's Place occurs in 1819 Directory, p 41

B.Miss Caryhere . Went after breakfastto Mr Fryer's, Prospect Place,to arrange something about the Mass Christmas Night Called on Mrs Nihell(not at home) and Mrs Ferrers D. at home Sermon Received a letter from Bp. Collingridge Party at ColonelNagle's.1 Read a letter in the Bathand C: Gaz: against Mediator.113

Wednesday 24 [Dec.] M. Mad Crosby 114 112

Walked to Mrs Nihells' to meet Miss Fryer; arranged about the music for midnight. Called on MrsFerrers Conf: D. at home. Conf: from6 till 10.Arranged withMr Fryer about the midnight music

-

Thursday 25 [Dec.] 2 Masses Midnight for those to whom due Sermon till near [?] 4. Slept till 7. Sermon till 9. Mrs Ferrers and Mrs John Wright. Mr Dourlin priest, myself deacon and Mr Brindle subdeacon. A beautiful Mass of Hayden , full band . 115 Preached. Walked with Miss Cary. Miss Wright and Miss Blundell called D. Mr Knap.Met Mr,Mrsand Miss Hussy etc.

sermon.

Friday 26 [Dec.] Gave com: to Miss Lincoln. After B.wentto Mrs Butler to call on Mr Combes; arranged with him about theSheffield 116 Called on Dr Barlow . 117 D. Mrs Butler. Met Mr, Mrsand Miss Mostyn and Mr Coombes T. Do. Wrote a letter signed Mediatoron the Bathpolice etc. for the Bathand Cheltenham Gazette . 118

Saturday 27 [Dec. ] Conf: and com: to Miss Esmond, 18 Henrietta St. Conf: Heard Mass . Mr Conolly called . Mr Knappand Miss Cary.Mr Loder , 119 the architect, by appointment at 12. Met Mr Layton and Duncan. Went to Mrs Nihell's to get the letter inserted . Conf: Mrs Langton Do. chapel Agreed to receive 3 months warning from the Pierrepont Society for quitting my premises. Conf: D. home . Conf: Poor-box stolen Offered 5 guineas reward.

Sunday 28 [Dec. ] M. to whomsoever due B. Miss Cary. Sermon .

112

113

Of 10 HenriettaStreet (ibid , p. 80)

Seeentry for 11 Dec. (& note thereon); also 26 Dec.

114 See entries for 4 & 8 May and 17 June 1818 (Mrs & Madm Cosby; Mr Crosby)

115 See Bath and Cheltenham Gazette, 31 Dec., for reportwhich notes thatthe organist, Mr E. Harris, was "constantlyproducingin this chapel Masses , theworks of the classic authors" Mr Harris occurs in the 1819 Directory, pp. 12, 66, as a teacher of the pianoforte, 3 KingstonBuildings .

116 Taken in conjunction with the entries for 6, 7, 13 & 14 March 1818 , this suggests that Baines was contemplating publishing some "Remarks" on his Sheffield sermon published two years earlier, viz: The Leading Doctrinesof the Catholic Religion, being the substance ofa Sermon preached at the Opening of the new Catholic Chapel at Sheffield,May 1st, 1816 (London, 1816) In October 1817 it was reported that BishopCollingridge objected to passages in the sermon; cf. Dockery,Collingridge, p 302

117 Of 102 New Sydney Place (1819 Directory, p 43).

118 See entry for 11 Dec. (& note thereon ); also 23 Dec.

119 J. Lowder, Chapel House, Lansdown Grove (1819Directory, pp 11 , 76) See also B. Little, CatholicChurches Since 1623 (1966) p. 60.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Preached on Holy Innocents.MrConolly called and gave me 10 guineas for the poor Miss Ferrers and Miss Fanny F. called Vespers D. Mr Weston . Met Gen. Ambrose, Dr. Leigh, Mr Leigh , Mr Ensay,Major Bird, Mrs Riddell T.Do. Received a letter fromMr Rolling " 120

Monday 29 Decr M. to whomsoever due . Mrs Nihell called. Bought at an auction in Milsom St. a few small articles . Called on MrConolly, Mr Dennie , the Miss Taylors. Saw the American lady without arms . Saw the wild beasts Gave directions to Higman121 about printing the Directory Conf: D. Mr Dourlin Met Mr Day T. Do. Accepted an invitation from Mr Dennie to dine Wednesday week at 4, 7 Sion Row .

Tuesday 30 [Dec.] Conf: Buried little Miss Eyston in the vaults . 122 Office. BreakfastMrs Nihell. At 12 met Miss Swift by appointment on the subject of religion. Attended the school dinner Placed a sum of money in the bank: £49.5.0 Conf: Din: home Went in the Portsmouth mail to the Black Dog, StanderwickCommon, and met Mr Phipps'scarriage to take me to Leighton House.123 I there heardMrs Phipps's conf: and gave her com: after 12.

Wednesday 31 [Dec. ] B. at Leighton House. Came in MrsPhipps's carriage with Miss Phipps and Mr Thos .Phipps to Trowbridge and took a chaise home for 2 o'clock Conf: till 44. D. Mr Day. Met Abbé Dourlen Conf: from6 to 94.T.athome.

[Thursday'sspaceon thispage is blank, as are the spaceson the next page for Friday, Saturday and Sunday. On the followingpage, entries are resumed fromMonday2 March 1818. ]

Monday 2 March 1818. M. Edwd Cary Esqr D. home Instructions. T.MrsLangton's.MrMorris from Downside¹24 called this morning

Tuesday 3 [March] Very unwell Remained at home all day and dined by myself in my drawingroom Sent for Mr Hay125 who came and pronouncedmy complaint owingto the damp weather.

Wednesday 4 [March] Very unwell Mr Stanley Cary called about the chapel D. by myself. Do. T. Instructions. A most dreadful night; wind and rain so violent as to force theirway through into the drawing room windows etc. A person called requestingsubscriptionsfor Mr

120 Dom Thomas Austin Rolling O.S.B., formerly of Bath , now at Knaresborough , Yorks (Birt, pp 155-6; Oliver, p 405; supra. , p. 81).

121 B. Higman , printer, New BondSt., Bath (1819 Directory, p 68)

122 Notin the mortuary-list in Reg 2, which contains veryfew entries between December 1817 and November 1818; perhaps MaryTheresa Eyston, born 15 Aug. 1815 (see Reg 2). There seems to be no corresponding memorialin the vaults

123 See entry for 20 Dec. The Portsmouthmail-coach left theWhiteHart, Bath, at 5 p.m.(1819 Directory, p 23) StanderwickCommonand BlackDogHill are on the main Bath-to-Warminster road, the former just in Somerset; the latterjustin Wilts. (information from Mr R.E. Sandell)

124 Presumably the future bishop, mentionedsupra , note74 .

125 Probably of Messrs. Hay & Phinn, surgeons and apothecaries, 3 Bladud's Buildings (1819 Directory, p. 6).

126 Gave a guinea A violent storm this Feraud's chapel at Coventry . 12 evening.

Thursday5 [March] Very unwell Bishop called to inquire after my health and sat with us during breakfast. Did not go to dine at Mrs Knapp's cottage Mr Brindle went instead D. home T. Do. Miss Lucy Esmonde, 18 HenriettaSt., died . 127

128

Friday 6 [March] Very unwell in the morning Wrotean appendixto my Sheffield sermon' etc. Called on Mrs Henty and Miss Lincoln. Paid a mason of the name of Bladwell, Philip St, 13s 6d. for rent for [illegible]. D. home . T. Do. Instructions Countess Nugentcalledfor conf . Miss Gibson called an:129

Saturday 7 [March] Much better Miss Cary called. Went at my usual hour to Mrs Langton's Called on the Bishop and read to him an appendix to my sermon which he approved Conf: as usual at2. D. at home T. Do. 130

Sunday8 [March] M. Mrs Marr and Cochrane . Mrs Ferrers and Miss Cary breakfasted with me Preached and made a collection for the schools: £31. 4. 8, including some received after D. Mr Knapp T. Mr Conolly. Met a large party, and was brought home by Miss Blundell in her carriage with Miss Lacon . 131

Monday 9 March. M. Mrs Mary Gibson . Called after breakfast on Mrs Metcalf and Miss Cary; also on Mrs John Wrightetc. Mr Wrightwalked with me to Mr Lowder's (not at home) and returned with me home Sent for to Lady Mount Earl132 and Mr Lynch; saw both D. home Instructions Read Mr Glover's pamphletagainst Sandars . 133

Tuesday 10 [March] M.Mrs Moore's intention. The Bishopbreakfasted with me. I called on Lady Mount Earl, sick, and on MrWeston. Engaged to dinewith Do.Met Miss Swift athome Mr Weston's carriage called for me. D. Mr Weston - private and T. Called atMrs Butler's and saw MrCoombes, Miss Archbold and Miss Sommery.

Wednesday 11 [March] M.HenriettaMariaFingall Mr Coombes and

126 Dom Charles AmbroseFeraud , O.S.B. (Birt, p 146) An unsatisfactoryentry in B.W. Kelly, Historical Notes on English Catholic Missions (1907) pp. 143-4 , calls him Ferand and places him at Coventry only in 1824, the year in which, according to Birt, he left for Sawston, Cambs. See baptismal entries by him in Reg. 2 (March - May 1812) 127

131 Notin themortuary-register, See note 122

See entry for 26 Dec. 1817 (& note thereon); also 7, 13 & 14 March1818 ? anniversary . See previous entry; also 26 Dec. 1817 (& note thereon ), 13 & 14 March .

Ten years earlier Lady Bedingfield's Bath acquaintances included a Miss Lacon : "a sensible good humouredSquinting Girl, whom I formerly knew at Liege" (Jerningham Letters, I, p 328)

132 Margaret Mary, second wife of 1st ViscountMount-Earl, later(1822) Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl She died, 6 Nov 1821 , in The Circus, Bath ("G.E.C." , Complete Peerage , IV , p. 548. The 1819 Directory; p. 80, gives her addressas24 , Circus) For their marriage, see Reg 2.

133 Perhaps the "Scrutator" pamphletin the McEvoy controversy ; see note44.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Miss Cary breakfasted Called on Miss Dealy. Bought Fontaine'sfables and called on Lady Mount Earl, sick. D. home . Instructions T. home.

Thursday 12 [March.] M. Mrs [sic .] Lucy Esmond , a solemn dirge and High Mass Called on Mrs Butler D. home To Do.Tooka hot bath

Friday 13 [March .] Mr Coombes called and advised me to call the Remarkson my sermon by that name instead ofAppendix 134 Refused to hear me read the proof, saying he had heard it before. Called on Mrs Osbornand Lady FitzGerald. Saw Miss Swift. D. home. Called on Mrs Garland's servant, sick Instructions an hour and 20 minutes;finished a course Heard part ofMiss S's general conf: T.home .

Saturday 14 [March] M. Lord Fingal 135 and Mrs Marr and Cochrane. Miss Cary called and MrsEyston. Saw the miniature artist in glass, Mr Du ... [partly illegible.]136 Signed Mrs Langton'swill. Conf D. home T. Do. Received from the printer the remarks on my sermon . Engaged Mrs Short this morning in Mrs Lovelass's place at the chapel door at 3s a week and her two rooms only. 137

Sunday 15 [March] High M. Lord Fingal and Mrs Marr and Cochrane, all that is due . Explainedthe ceremonyof distributing the palms before the blessing and requested the people to come one way and go another at the distribution Sung the Mass , which was not finished till ½ past one . Ought to have omitted the sprinkling ofholy water. Mrs John Wright called and Miss Cary and Mrs Eyston, alsoMr Eyston to take leave; they go tomorrow D.Mr Weston. T.Do.

Monday 16 March. M.Miss Fanny Taylor's intn Sent a music book back to Downside Called on Mrs Unsworth and family, 5 Milsom St.; also on Mr Lynch and Mr Butler Likewise on Mr and Mrs Dalton (not at home) Conf: at 2. D. home. A person called saying that a gentleman at the Castle and Bull [?] 138 inn had hanged himself and that they suspected him to be a Catholic priest of the name of D. Burges. He proved a protestantclergyman T.MrsButler

Tuesday 17 [March .] M. Mrs Mary Dealy Home all morning. Put £44 in the bank. Mr Dalton called AdmittedMiss Swift into the church . Attended a school committee D. home T. Do.

Wednesday 18 [March.] M.Mrs Moore's int. Called on Mrs Lincoln and Mrs Henty [?] and appointed next Tuesday, 8 o'clock, to give them comm . Heared the conf: of Mrs Birkett. In the confessional from 2 to4% . D. home. Heard Mrs Loveless's conf sick Tenebrae at 6. Conf. till past 9. Massat9 a.m.

134 135 136 Thursday 19 [March.] ThursdayM.Towhomdue Mrs Blundell,

Seeentry for 26 Dec. 1817 (& note thereon ), also 6, 7 & 14 March 1818 . Irish Catholicleader; see "G.E.C." , Complete Peerage , V, p. 388, etc.

This does not look like Dukes, the name of the"decorative and transparent painter"who occurs in the1819Directory, pp 10, 58

137 See previous entry & note thereon

138 Only theCastle inn appears in the 1819 Directory (p 16).

Miss Blundell and Miss ElizaWright breakfasted at my house Miss Cary took some refreshment after Mass Called on Mrs Fraser, Mrs Butler, Mrs Gartside andon Mr Welby, sickD. home Tenebrae at 6. Miserere sung withoutorgan Very ill Massat 10 .

Friday 20 [March. ] Mass at 10. No kissing ofthecross Preached a sermon after the cross was uncovered . The deacon and subdeacon did not perform the kneelingetc. at the venite adoremus. Conf: at 2 till4, and at 7 till 9. Tenebrae at 6; so hoarse I could not sing.Collectionfor the use ofthe altar Mr Wm.Selbycalled

Saturday21 [March.] M at 10. Sung the Exultetetc., notthe Mass . Read the prophecies but Mr Coombes said it was not necessary. Said vespers during it Conf at 2 till 4 and at 6 till 9% . D. home. T. Do. Walked withMrWm SelbytoMrsClifton's

Sunday22 [March.]139 M. Sung byMr Dourlin;myselfdeacon and Mr Brindle subdeacon The music very fine. The band was led by Mr Loder 140 Miss Wood sung. D. at Mr Conolly's. T. Do.

Monday23 March M. at Mr Webbe Weston's141 forM ... Robinson . High Mass by Mr Dourlin. No sermon by mistake . D.Mr John Wright. T.Do.

Tuesday 24 [March ] Went to give comn: to 4 out-patients Breakfasted with Miss Walsh. Conf. from two to 4. Do. from 6 to 10 nearly. D. home. T. Do. Put £25. 1s in the bank

Wednesday 25 [March.] Gave Comm: out to Mrs Harris, Mrs Westall and Mr Butler. Called on Mr Lynch but found him at breakfast Sung High Mass , for a Frenchpriest or Mrs Barbara Taylor. No sermon (Feast of Annunciation in Easter week) D. Mrs Moore T. Do. Called on the [smudged, unfinishedentry.]

Thursday 26 [March.] Gave Comn: out to Mrs Marten'smother, Mr Bence and Mrs Hussey Called on MrLowder and Mrs Blundell and Mrs Wright. Mrs Crouch called with Mrs Mitchell - returnedyesterday. D. home . T. Do. Mr Simon142 called on hisway to Cannington A very bad cold bad weather.

Friday 27 [March ] Gave Com: out to Mrs Ensay, Mrs Robinsonand Lucy Warren . The Bishop and Mr Simon breakfasted Bought some

139 Easter Sunday, 1818

140 The 1819 Directory, p. 76, includes J.D. Loder, director of music at the Theatre Royal, and G. and A. Loder, teachers respectively of thefluteand ofthe pianoforte and singing, as well as an advertisement (unpaginated ) by J.D. Loder, "Music & MusicalInstrument Seller to her late Majesty and their Royal Highnesses The Princesses" , of46 MilsomStreet

141 Of 1 Royal Crescent (1819 Directory, p . 101); see alsoJerningham Letters , I, p. 326. Perhaps an anniversary-Mass for Henry Robinson , formerly an armysurgeon, who had diedin Nova Scotia on 22 March 1817 (C.R.S., 12, p 137)

142 See also next entry which, with others relating to Bishop Collingridge , is reproduced in Dockery, op. cit., pp. 303-4, though "Mr Simon" is not there identified. He was doubtless the Abbé Alexandre Julien Simon, for whom see Oliver, pp 411-2; C.R.S., 56, pp. 173, 192.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

boxes for papers and arranged Do. D home. T. Do. Late in the confessional (till 10 p.m.).

Saturday 28 [March. ] Gave no com: early. At 12 took a chair143 to Mrs John Wright, Lady Mount Earl and Miss Fanny French. D. home. T. Do. Late in the conf.

Sunday 29 [March ] M. sung: Mr Brindle preached Calledon Mrs Butler D. Mr Weston Met there a Revd. Mr Morrell and had a long theological discussion with him T.Do. Called afterwardson Mrs Butler and metMrs and MrWalterMoore.

Monday 30 March: Gave com: to Mrs John Wright and Lady Mount Earl at their houses Walked with Miss Lacon to see a glass manufactory in Oxford Row Lady FitzGerald called . D. Miss Kyane144 T. Do. Went to Mrs Riddell's party and met most ofthe Catholics . Mr Welbydied.

Tuesday 31 [March .] Assisted at the blessing ofthe holyoils inMrs Butler's drawing room Breakfasted there the whole party D. Countess Nugent T. Do. Went to Mr Weston's party very full. No Mass in the chapel today.

Wednesday 1 April Comn to Dennis Callaghan at the Walcot poor house Mr Edwd Glover arrived last night from Liverpool and called this morning at breakfast. Walked with him to Mr Dennie's and with the Bishop to Gt Bedford St. to see Miss Lee Called on Mrs Weston . D. Mrs JohnWright. Met Miss Stoner.T.Do.

Thursday 2 [April] Com: to Sullivan . Mr Glover and Mrs Kaye called. Breakfasted with Miss Gibson. Admitted a young woman into the church . D at Mr Langton's Do. tea Gave extreme unction to Mrs Loveless. Received rent due today from Mrs Bretton for No.13 St. Jas Parade MrLawson¹145 called .

Friday 3 [April] Comn: to Mrs and Betty Brown. MrGlover , Mrs Kaye, Miss Gibson and Miss Cary breakfasted . Put into the bank £85. 12. 6d. Paid Mr Day at the quarterly committee, at which I was chairman , £6.11.0 D. and T. Mr Dennie at SionHill.

Saturday4 [April] M. first Saturdayin the quarter. Walked outwith Mr Gloverand called on Mrs Nihell D. home T. Do.

Sunday 5 [April] M. Mrs Valentine . Miss Cary breakfasted Mr Glover sung the Mass I preached Called withMrGloveron the Ferrers and Mrs Butler who was out Wrote a letter to Miss Harriet Selbyat Hammersmith . 146 D. Mr Osborne. T.Do. Met Captn.Whiteetc.

Monday 6 April. Performedthefuneral ofMr Welbywho wasburied in the vaults Went with Mr Gloverto Downside.Dined thereand slept

143 Presumably a sedan chair

144 Keeper ofa boarding -house, no 19 The Circus (1819 Directory, p 74)

145 Possibly Dom Henry Lawson , formerly at Bath (see supra , pp. 72) or his elder brother Dom Thomas Austin Lawson (Prior of Downside , 1814-18) See Birt, pp 137-8. For Mrs Bretton see note 38.

146 ?Sister Placida Selby who in 1819 became superiorof the Hammersmith Convent (C.R.S., 26, p 59)

Read some passages from Dr. Geddes's translation of the Bible, his letter to Bp. Douglass etc."147

Tuesday 7 [April] Shewed Mr Philips148 how to paste maps and pasted myself a quarter of the globe Gave Mr Morris a commissionto copy some Masses for me . A rainy day, confined all day. Accounts of scrupulosity in some persons therea servant at confession from 8 till 1 o'clock p.m.; a boy 3 hours overnight; as many next morning; a servant 5 days in the week an hour or two; a priestleaving the altar at the creed to go to confession , etc.,etc., etc.

Wednesday 8 [April] Taught some of the boys some Geography on my own plan. Left Downsideat ½ past 11. D. at Mr John Dalton's met Mr John Clifton and Mr Seel Molineux . A small party in the evening. Pritchard' began to lay the crimsondrugget in the drawing room

151 149

Thursday 9 [April] Heard Mass Called with Mr Glover on Mr Weston , Mrs John Wright and Mrs Blundell Called by myself on Mrs Phipps, 28 Crescent D. Miss Gibson . T. Do. Paid Harris £4 for Miss Esmond's funeral and a guinea for 3 tickets to MrPercival's concert . 150 Paid Dowding his bill Paid Howe £2.5.0 the full amountofsubscription.Abbé Boideuvre 152 called [In the bottom right-handcornerofthis entry are the words"forhim" , preceded by marks which mayrepresent another word, now indecipherable . These words could be intendedto follow either"subscription" or "called"; it is notclear which.]

Friday 10 [April] M. Miss F. Taylor's inten: Breakfasted at Mrs Ferrers's Called on Mrs Willan; engagedto dine withher Tuesday 21st. at4. Also on Mrs Phipps and heard her conf D.MrW.Weston withMr Glover. T. Miss Hotham Paid Mr Trimmell ½ a year's rent for my house, due Lady-day.

Saturday 11 [April]

153

Gave com: to Mrs Phipps, 28 Crescent . M.Mr Bryant Barrett. Mr Lawson called and informed methat theGeneral Chapterwas fixed to be at Ampleforth . D. home T.Do. Dr Brewer and Mr Calderbank came Paid the ground-rent for the chapel and Langley's [?] house .

Sunday 12 [April] M. Mad de Sommery's intentn Preached. Mr

147

Rev. Alexander Geddes, translator of the Bible (1792); author of many works, including the Letter here mentionedto the Right Rev. J. Douglas, Bishop of Centuriae , etc. (1794) See Gillow, II, pp 410-15; also M.D. Petre, TheNinth Lord Petre (1928) chap 5; B. Ward, Dawn ofthe CatholicRevivalin England (2 vols., 1909) passim.; D.N.B ; etc.

148 ProbablyDomSamuel Maurus Philips O.S.B. (Birt, p. 151) 149 150 151 153 Auctioneerand upholsterer , 12 Westgate St. (1819 Directory, p 86)

W. Harris Esq., Master ofCeremonies at theGuildhall(ibid. , pp 17 , 67)

A mason and carpenter of this name occurs in ibid , p.57

152 The Abbé de Boisdefure died at Bath in 1833, aged 82 (C.R.S., 12 , p 201).

Of Milton, Berks , in whose vault Bishop Challoner wasburied in 1781; see E. Burton, The Life and Times of Bishop Challoner (1909), I, p. 184, II, pp. 277-9; also note 172 below.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Glover sung Mass Dr. Brewer and Mr Calderbank present. Called with Dr. Brewer on Mr Dennie , Dr Birkett¹54 and Miss Gibson D. Mrs Blundell T. Do.

Monday 13 April M. MarquisDeSommery Lady Fitzgeraldand Mrs Willoughby called D. Mrs Butler T. Do. Called to baptizeMrEnglish's child Wm . OrchardEnglish. 155

Tuesday 14 [April] Prepared for my journey to Salisbury and Spetisbury. D. Mrs Ferrers at 3% . Left Bath in the Salisburymailat 5.156 Arrived at Salisbury a little before 12; visited the cathedralas near as we could get (The Close being shut up) by moonlight.Sleptat the Red Liona veryuncomfortable inn. Best inn the White Hart

Wednesday 15 [April] Breakfasted at the Red Lion. Calledon Mrs Hussey , Martin St. ,bythe chapel. Saw the cathedralinjured muchby 57 Took chaises at 3 o'clock for Spetisbury . 15 Wyat 158 Arrived thereat 6½ . T.and supper there. A swelled cheek with rheumatism.

Thursday 16 [April] M.MrsBlundell'sint: walked outwith Mrsand Miss Willoughby and a few ofthe youngladies. D. at 12. T. at4. Supper did not go on account of sore face. Read a canto of Lady oftheLake up to Mrs Willoughby.

ton .

Friday 17 [April] Jubilee-day of Dame Mary Placida Berring159 M. Mrs Blundell's int Gave a discourse and served as subdeacon at the High Mass. D. at 12. Miss Arundell and Mr Marest160there . Saw the conventbythe Bishop'sleave .

Saturday 18 [April] Brought by Mrs Willoughby in a chaise to Blandford by 9 o'clock. Took the coach to Bath. Arrived at home at 6.

D.Mrs Ferrers T.Do.Mr Barrarrivedat Bath.

Sunday 19 [April] Sung the Mass Mr Edd Glover preached. D. at Mr Weston's Called after dinner with Mr Barr at Mrs Metcalfe's. A collection in the chapel for the general hospital: £19. 2. 6.

Monday 20 April M. a Frenchpriest. Miss and Miss Fanny Ferrers and Miss Brownebreakfasted with me. Mr Brindlewent toSodbury. 161

154 Of 19 St James'sParade (1819 Directory, p 46)

155 SeeReg 2 for baptismalentry.

156 i.e. the Portsmouthcoach, via Salisbury ,from the White Hart, Bath (1819 Directory, p. 23).

157 A reference to JamesWyatt's"restoration" ofthe cathedral at the end ofthe eighteenth century. For a short account of his "iconoclastic vandalism" , see R.L.P. Jowitt, Salisbury (1951) pp 32-9

158 At Spetisbury, Dorset, there was a convent of the English Augustinian Canonesses , formerly of Louvain, founded in 1799 and transferred to Newton Abbot, Devon, in 1861; cf. B. Whelan, Historic English Convents ofToday(1936) p.234 .

159 Sister of BishopBerington,Vicar-Apostolic of the MidlandDistrict,who had died in 1798. This was her golden jubilee in religion She died in the following year, on 22 December, at the age of 76. See C.S. Durrant, A Link Between Flemish Mysticsand English Martyrs (1925) p. 387, note ; C.R.S., 12, p 145

160 Jean Baptiste Marest, a French priest, chaplain to the Theresian nuns at Canford , Dorset (Oliver, p 354).

161 i.e. ChippingSodbury, Gloucs

D. Miss Gibson. Met Mr Hunt. Mr Barr with me and T. at home Dr Brewer came from Downside.

Tuesday 21 [April] M. Mrs Esmonde Baptized a child162 and churcheda woman Called on Mr Lowderthe architect and saw the plan for the altar D. Mrs Willan with Dr. Brewer and Mr Barr . Gave the collection to the man fromthe hospital

Wednesday 22 [April] M.Lady Fitzgerald. Dr. Brewer andMrBarr breakfasted BaptizedMr Hussey's son Hubert John Hussey163 born on Thursday last. D. Mr Hussey T. Mrs Knapp: a partyand Mrs Nihell Took leave ofDr. Brewer who goes home tomorrow morning.

Thursday 23 [April] M. John BurninghamNugent Dr. Brewerwent away home. Settledmy account fromMr Barrand obtainedhisleave to make repairs in my chapel. D.Mr Knapp. Called at MrsFerrers withMr Barr. Mr Hawarden came. Told me my faculties are renewed in the event ofmy makingthe usual retreat. " 164

Friday 24 [April] M. Major Ferrers Called on Mrs Blundell and Mr Lowder the architect D. Miss [letter crossed-out] Taylor's. T. Miss Gibson . Met Mr Hunt etc. Prepared a sermon

Saturday 25 [April] M. Benef: of Cong: for April. Miss Cary breakfastedsubscribed to the chapel. D.home T.Mr Dennie's .Went to see Mr Glover Took a warm bath

Sunday26 [April] M. Benef: of Cong: Mr Brindle preached.D.Mrs Ferrers T.Mrs Slack [? Stack].165

Monday 27 April. Mrs and Miss Willoughby and Miss FannyFerrers breakfasted with me .M.MrsBlundell'sint:

Tuesday 28 [April] M. The French priest D. Mr John Wright.T. Do. Called on Miss Talbot.

Wednesday 29 [April] M. The Frenchpriest. Mrs and Miss Nihells [sic .] called at breakfast time. Miss Mary Wright called. Miss Swifts. Bought at Fasana's16 an eye-glass and tooth-pick-case. D. home T. Do. 166

Thursday 30 [April] M. Mr Ferrers . Preached. Mr Dourlensung the High Mass Deacon and subdeacon Wentwith Mrs Nihell to seethe the exhibition of sculpture, Union St. D. Mrs Butler T. Do. Met Mr Hunt.

Friday 1 May.M.Lady Fitzgerald Miss Cary breakfasted Read part of Milner's article onpersecution167 and of a treatise on history. D.Mr

162 Reg 2. contains no baptismal entry for 21 April, but thereareseveraldated only 1818, ofwhich this may perhaps be one .

163 No correspondingentry in Reg 2, nor in the register of Marnhull, Dorset , printed in C.R.S. , 56.

164 As required by the "Rules of the Mission" (Benedict XIV's Apostolicum Ministerium , 1753). The remaining pages of his journal do not show whether Baines fulfilledthis conditionduringthe next threemonths

165 Perhaps of 3 Johnstone St. (1819 Directory, p. 92) The surname Stackdoes not occurin the directory, but see also journal-entryfor 2 May.

166

167 Jeweller and stationer, 35 MilsomSt. (ibid , p 60) ? in Rees's Cyclopaedia , vol 26, section 2 (Dec. 1813) See also note51.If

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Pattrick. T. Do. Went to see Bathwick church and the exhibition of sculpturewith Mr Brindle Went in the evening to Mrs Langton's

Saturday 2 [May] M. Lady FitzGerald Mr Hunt, MrsStackand Miss Gibson breakfasted . D. home Walked beyond Prior Park. T. home [In the MS . this entryand the next are transposed .]

Sunday 3 [May] M. Miss Cary breakfasted Preached.Called on Mrs Hussey before vespers Mrs Butler called D. Mrs Metcalfe.Met MrCary and Mr John Wright, banker . 168 Evening Mrs Clifton: a Catholicparty. N.B. Thisarticleis misplaced .

Monday 4 May. M.Mrs Cosby Called on Mr Weston , Miss Cary etc. D. Mr Weston T. Mr Langton. Took a hotbath .

Tuesday 5 [May] Went to Shepton Mallet with Mrs Butler and Miss Archbold. Met Mr Fryer¹69 there Called on my return at Downside . D.Mrs Butler

Wednesday 6 [May] M. Miss Esmonde . Took a drivewith MrKnapp to see a house belonging to Genl . Popham D. Mr Knapp T. and party, Mrs Butler's

Thursday 7 [May] M. Miss Riddell's father. Breakfasted at Mrs Ferrers' Called on Miss Cary, Mrs John Wright etc. D. Madm de Sommery's. A concert at Mrs Barlow's, SydneyPlace.¹ Mr Lawson from Downsidedined with us . 170

Friday 8 [May] M. Madm. Cosby. Mrs Butler and Miss Archbold breakfasted with me, also Mr Lawson . Revd . MrFryer called Wentwith him to Mrs Dalton and Miss Cary. D. Mrs Butler and tea. Unwell; came away early.

Saturday 9 [May] M. Called and heard Mr Dalton's conf: who was very unwell. D. home . T. Do.

Sunday 10 [May] M. Mr Dalton.Went in Lady FitzGerald'scarriage to give him extreme unction and afterwards the viaticum Preached Whit Sundaya grand High Mass D.Mr John Wright, the banker, 50 Pulteney St. Called in the evening at Mr Dalton's and staid there all night lay down in my cloaths .Mr D. veryill.

Monday 11 May M. Mr O'Connor'sfather at Mr Dalton's D. at Mr Dalton's. T. Do. and staid all night.Sleptfrom2 till½ past 5 in the morning.

Tuesday 12 [May] M. at Mr Dalton's D. Do. , T. Do. Remained there all night and went to bed all night Attended at Mrs Butler'sthe ladys' committee of the school and received the management ofit

Wednesday 13 [May] M. Mr Dalton's. D. Do., T. Do. Staidthereall night

Milner contributed a second Cyclopaedia article, it is not recorded byF.C. Husenbeth, Life of Bishop Milner (1862) and Baines maybe referringto one ofMilner's numerous writingswhich Husenbeth does mention(op cit , passim)

168 See the article by Father T.G. Holt, S.J. , "The Failure of Messrs Wright& Co., Bankers, in 1840" in Essex Recusant, 11 (Brentwood, 1969) pp 66-80.

169 Seealso entry for 8 Mayand supra., note 102 .

170 Dr Barlowof 102 New Sydney Place occurs in the 1819 Directory, p 43

Thursday 14 [May] M. Mr Dalton's D. Do., T. Do. Slept at home .

Friday 15 [May] M. at home D. Lady Stourton . 171 T.MrDalton.

Saturday 16 [May] M. Miss Lincoln Called on Mr Dalton and Mr Weston; shewed to the latter my plans for alteringthe chapel. Churched Mrs Hussey D. Mr Dalton T. home

Sunday 17 [May] Sung High Mass D. Mr John Wright, Pultney St. T. Mrs Unsworth Wrote to Mr Rishton, Miss Maria Selby and Miss Norris by Mrs Riddill and Miss Wright who go to Yorkshire tomorrow

Monday 18 May M. Mr John Pattrick Called on MrJohnDalton ill. Mr C. Connolly's servantill. Received the profession of faith of Mrs Welby and her two eldest daughters D. General Ambrose T. Mr Dalton and MrsFerrers

Tuesday 19 [May] M. Mrs Blundells ' int Dr. Coombes called .Wrote an address about the improvementsin the chapel Baptized the two eldest Miss Welbys D. Mrs Dalton. T. Do.

Wednesday 20 [May] M. Mrs Blundells' int. Continuedoccupation. D. home. T.MrDalton's. Prepared a sermon for tomorrow .

Thursday 21 [May] M. Preached at the High Mass on the real presencean hour andhalf. Mass with a band,veryfine D. Mrs Dalton.T. Mrs Nihell

Friday 22 [May] M.Mrs Ferrers. Attended a committeeoftheboys' school, about the girls' school D. Mr Dennie T. Mrs Langton's. Met Revd. Mr Spooner and Revd . Mr Basil Barrett¹ 72 at Mrs Barrett's. Benedictionat 7 during the oct:173

Saturday 23 [May] Gave comn: to Betty Browne and her mother . Got an address printed for improving the chapel Called on Lady Stourton and her sister Mrs Butler. D. home. T. Mrs Barrett. In confessional till 10 p.m. Benedictionat 7

Sunday 24 [May] M. Mr W. Lacon. Preached. Mr Spooner sung Mass. D. Mr J. Wright, PulteneySt. T.Do.

Monday 25 [May] M. Mrs Burke . Mr Conolly called about the chapel etc. Attended the ladies' committee D. Mrs Blundell T. Do. Called on Mr Dalton

Tuesday 26 [May] M. Mr Walter Lacon D. Mrs Butler.T.Do. Kept very long in the confessional afterBenediction.

Wednesday 27 [May] M.Mrs Tully'

171 ,174 Miss Cary breakfasted .Wrote

Mary, née Langdale, widow of Charles Philip, 17thLord Stourton whodied in 1816. Her elder sister, Elizabeth , married Robert Butler of Ballyragget See "G.E.C." , Complete Peerage , XII, pt 1 , p 313; C.B.J. Lord Mowbray, Segrave& Stourton, The History of the Noble House of Stourton (1889) II, pp 567-621 ; alsojournal-entry, 23 May.

172 Secular priests Samuel Spooner (see Oliver, p. 414; Dockery, Collingridge , passim) and Basil Richard Barrett, son of Bryant Barrett (see note 153) and his wife Winefrid, née Eyston(Gillow, I, p 144)

173 Presumably octave

174 J. Tulley, pastrycook and confectioner , 3 Argyll Buildings, occurs in the 1819 Directory, p 98

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

letters to Mr Rimmer ofSheffield, Mr Molineux etc.¹75 D.MrsDalton . T. Do. Kept in the confessional after Benediction

Thursday28 [May] Went out in the morning and gave comn to Mrs Ensay, Lucy Warren, Mr Bence, old Mrs Martyn and Dennis O'Callighan D. Mrs Butler. T. Miss Hotham. Wrote a letter to Mons Boideffre. Called on Mrs Blundell and walked with Miss B. to chuse some lamp-glases Called on Lady Fitz-Gerald .

Friday 29 [May] M. Miss Eliza Edwards. D. home T. Mrs Butler Walked out after dinner into the country Determined on havingthe boys' school over the sanctuarythe roofs are all in such a wretched state

Saturday 30 [May] M. Mrs Wm . Throckmorton Miss Cary breakfasted . Mr Knapp called and talked about the chapel . 176 Asked ifhe might notbebound in conscience to oppose my proposed alterationsas trustee ofthechapel that he conceived the trustees ought to step forward if any of our body attempted any thing injurious to the place. Called on Miss Swift, Mr C. Connolly's servant, Mrs Willan and Mr Dalton. Walked after D. (at home) in Sydney Gardens. T. at home. Received a letter fromMr Barron the chapel

Sunday 31 [May] M. Mrs Butler. Mr Barber¹77 sung Mass . I preached Mr Brindle absent at Downside D. Mr John Wright, 50 PulteneySt.T.MrConolly.

Monday 1 June . M. ob 178 Shewed Mr Day my plans ofthechapel and gave him a printed address. Went with Mrs Conolly, Mrs and Miss Blundell to Midford Castle. Returned for 5 o'clock and D. at Mrs Nihells' . Met there the Revd . Mr Seniorand wife. T.MrsButlertook leave ofher.

Tuesday 2 [June ] M. ob D. at Mrs Ferrers Went in theeveningto the firstAbbey concert¹79 with Mrs and Miss Willoughby .

Wednesday 3 [June] M. ob. Mr Hawarden called with Mr Nagle D. Mrs Hartezinck. Met Mrs Irvine, Miss Irvine and Madm. De Roncy.¹180

175 Rev. Richard Rimmer (1754-1828 ) for whom see C.R.S., 63, p 420; C. Hadfield, A History of St Marie's Mission & Church , Norfolk Row , Sheffield (Sheffield, 1889) chap 2, and perhaps Dom John Alban Molyneux O.S.B. of Warrington(see also entry for 21 Oct. 1817) For Baines's visit to Sheffield , see entries for 7-9 July 1818 .

176 According to the undatedMS. mentioned in note 408 to the Introduction , Mr Knapphad been invited to become one ofthe originaltrustees of thechapelin 1809 but had declined becauseit couldnot be guaranteed that thebuildingwould "always remain a Catholic Chapel and be always appropriated to Catholic worship. "

177 ProbablyDom Luke Bernard Barber O.S.B. who became Prior ofDownside in 1818, or possibly his brotherDom Samuel Stephen Barber, then atAmpleforth (Birt, pp 147, 149)

178 ? obligation.

179 See also entries for 4 & 5 June. Baines here refers to events in thesixth Bath and Somersetshire Musical Festival (June 1st - 5th 1818), announced in theBath Chroniclefrom the end ofApril and partially reported in the issue of4 June.

180 Madame DeRounsey, 3 RichmondHill (1819 Directory, p 57)

Thursday4 [June ] Abbey concert in the morning, The Messiah.D. Mrs Nihell. Met Mr and Mrs Senior and MrBrowne Went in the evening toMr Fryer's.

Friday 5 [June ] M. Lady FitzGerald Abbey concert,TheCreation , and a Mass of Beethoven's The former the mostbeautiful music I ever heard Braham , Signora Corri, Miss Carew and Mr Tinneythe principal singers. 181 D. home. T.at MrsDalton's

Saturday 6 [June] M. Mrs Butler. Mr Hawarden and Mr Nagle breakfasted Mr Fryer, the artist, called and saw my plans of the chapel. D. home. T. Do. Called on Mr Barrett at his mother's, on Mrs Willan andon a servant-maid ofMr C. Conolly's

Sunday 7 [June] M. Cong. Mrs Butler D. Mrs Ferrers T. Mrs Clifton

Monday 8 [June] M. Mrs Butler Committee at which agreed that the ladies' school should be under ours and that the gentlemen would take at a fair rent a school which I might provide for the boys in the new alterationsofthe chapel.

Tuesday 9 [June] M. Ob Went to Downside [letter crossed-out] with Mr and Mrs Hussey and Miss Wilmot; returned in the evening and called by appointment on Lady Blount at Mrs Blundell's.

Wednesday 10 [June] M. Ob Called on MrGifford [?].D.MrJohn Wright, St James Sqr T. Do. Met at dinner Miss Eliza and Miss Kitty Ecclestone

Thursday 11 [June] M. Ob. Went to Bristol to see the Langtonsat Clifton and supply for Mr Tate D. Mr Langton's, 9 Glouster [sic ] Row T. Do. After, a walk on the downs with Mr L. and two ofthe Miss Gabets. Slept at Mr Tate's.

Friday 12 [June ] M. at Bristol. Mrs Butler Called ona man inSt Peter's hospital of the name of Frederic Callighan , quite ingorant. Gave him instructions, baptised conditionally, penance, extremeunction and last benediction. Took a hackney coach to see Mrs Loveless at Clifton. Saw Ratcliff and the College churches, Bristol . 182 Theformera most beautiful edificeofthe Gothic ofYorkchapter-house; thelatter curious and rather handsome Returnedto Bathat 1.Met at BristolMr, priest from Birminghamold friar . 183

Saturday 13 [June ] M. Mrs Aranza's int: Miss Carybreakfasted . Mrs English called with some regulations for the school of girls Called on Mr Becker , ¹ , 184 who promsed to contribute. D. home. Called onaman

181 For the first two, see Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians (5th edition, ed E. Blom, 1954); also, forJohn Braham , theD.N.B.

182 Presumably the churches of College Green, viz the Cathedral, thechurchof St Augustine -the-less (destroyed in the second World War) and possibly StMark's chapel. "Ratcliff" is StMaryRedcliff

183 Perhaps the jubilarian Fr. Lawrence Hawley O.F.M.; see Thaddeus , Franciscans in England, passim.

184 8 Green Park Buildings (1819 Directory, p 45)

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

of colour,Avon St.185T.home.

Sunday 14 [June] M. Province Preached After Masswalked with Mr Knapp to see Mr White, apothecary, " concerningMrs Hussey. D. Mrs Ferrers Called after dinner on Lady FitzGeraldand on MrsHussey. Received a letter from Mr Burgess¹87 of Ampleforth giving an account of

186

Made a collection in the chapelforthe infirmary £10.8.6

Monday 15 [June] M. Ob Went to Bristol to see Mr Brindleabout the letter of yesterday Wrote to Burgess at Ampleforth andthe President 188 at Woolton D. at Mr Tate's . Returned home for 7 o'clock. Saw the Bath antiquities and Guildhall. T.at Miss Hotham . Met a Mr Cooke .

Tuesday 16 [June] M. ob. Went with MrDay and Mrs Browneto see old Mrs Hussey, who yesterday morning was found dead with her throat cut . Think she must have done it herself, but in a frensy . 18 Possible that a man may have barred the door inside and got up the chimney. D. Mr Hussey. T. Do. Called at past 11 to a mansickonthe quay 190

Wednesday 17 [June] M. Province Went with Mr and Mrs John English to see Mr Crosby's house in the Crescent 191 D. home;found the Bishopcome to give confirmation . T: at Mrs Ferrers. Walked with Mrs Willoughby and Miss Fanny Ferrers along the canal to Bathampton Called on three sick persons. Paid the subscriptionforthe infirmaryto MrCrosby , £10 8. 6.

Thursday18 [June ] M.Mrs Loveless. Attended the ladies' committee and procured its dissolution D. at Miss Taylor's with Bp. Collingridge Visited a sickman T.MrsDalton. Walked with her and Miss Caryin the gravel walk.

Friday 19 [June ] M. D. home . Instructions to [?] 7 o'clock.Conf: to a late hour T.home.

Saturday 20 [June ] M. D. home T. Do. Great deal ofworkin the confessional Mr Brindle returned to Bristol after dinner to supply for Mr Tate

185 2. Perhaps the young"BlackMan" ofAvon St. whose death is recorded in Reg

186 A Mr White , M.R.C.S. , surgeon to Bath Dispensary, occurs in the 1819 Directory, pp 6 , 101 .

187 Dom Thomas Laurence Burgess O.S.B. (later secularised and 2nd Bishopof Clifton) Onhim, see Oliver, and workslistedsupra., note468 to Introduction

188 Dom John Bede Brewer, President-General of the English Benedictine Congregation (see note90)

189 Seeentry for 14 June .

190 An undatedentry in the mortuary-list in Reg 2 reads, "A man drownedin the river , young"

191 Mr J.I. Crosby, apothecaryto Bath Dispensary (1819 Directory, pp 5 ,55) The second letter of his surname was inserted by Baines after he had spelt it "Cosby"a name which occurs in journal-entries of4& 8May.

Sunday 21 [June] M. Said the 1st Mass Province . The Bishop gave confirmation to 100 persons 192 D. Mrs Ferrers T.Do. Mr Barber sung the High Mass . Mr Dourlin, Mr Barber and MrWalgallia19 and myself (receiving the names) assistedat confirmation.

Monday 22 [June] M. Ob D. Mrs John Wright. Had a very violent headache and otherwiseunwell Met Mrs Strickland

Tuesday 23 [June] M. Ob . Unwell and confinedat homeallday. Mr Hay attended me in the morning.

Wednesday 24 [June ] M. Province. Mrs Strickland called. D. at Mrs John Wright; walked thither with Mrs Strickland To Do. Mr Hay attended . Found me nearlywell

Thursday 25 [June ] M. Mrs Willan's. D. Mrs Hartzinck T. Mrs Ferrers . Met Mrs Strickland and Mrs John and Miss Wright. An Irish priestfrom Cork,Mr McSweeney, called.

Friday 26 [June ] M. Mrs Butler D. Mrs John Wright. Met Mrs Strickland T.Do. Received a letter fromDr. Brewer.

Saturday 27 [June ] M.Mrs Butler's Br. D. home.T.Do.

Sunday28 [June ] M. Mrs Butler's Preached. A placard fastened on the chapel door about ladies' head-dresses . D. Mrs Ferrers Met Mrs Edwards T. Do.walked out with them .

Monday 29 [June] M. Mrs Butler Feast of SS Peter and Paul.Sung the High Mass. No sermon. Deacon and subdeacon D. Countess Nugent. T. Mrs J. Dalton Walked homewith Miss Dundas who wentin awheel-chair . Miss Blundell and Miss Eliza Wright atbreakfast .

Tuesday 30 June] M. Mrs FitzGerald's int. Wrote to Dr. Brewer, Lord Arundell194 etc. D. Mrs Nihell Went in the evening to see Mr Woodison'sstained-glass manufactory 195 T. Mrs Nihell

Wednesday 1 [July] M. Mrs Fitzgerald's int Took medicine . D. home Walked after dinner. Mrs John Wright called to know why Ihad not [illegible] there T. Miss Hotham, no party Attended the general meetingofthe committee for the pentitentiary and Lockhospital.

Thursday 2 [July] M. Mrs Lincoln. Breakfasted at MrJohnWright's to meet Mrs Strickland Called on Mr Lowder and Mr Brown , builder.196 D. at Mrs Hartzinck's with Miss Cary. Took a walk with Miss Blundell, Wright, Lacon and Sandford to the top of Beechen Cliff . 197 T.MrsBlundell's

192 193

194 Friday 3 [July] Attended a committee at 2 o'clock ofgentlemen

Seeconfirmation-list in Reg 2 (101 names).

Seeentry for 11 Nov. 1817, and note77 .

James Everard Arundell, 10th Lord Arundell of Wardour , who succeededto the barony on the death ofhis father at Bath on 14 July 1817; see E.DoranWebb (ed .) Notes on the Family History by the 12th Lord Arundell ofWardour (1916) genealogical table facing p 84; also Reg. 2.

195 PerhapsWooddeson , Sion Hill, Bath(1819 Directory, p. 103).

196 Two carpenters and buildersnamed Brown occurin the 1819 Directory, pp. 48-9 .

197 Overlookingthecity and giving a fine viewofBath.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

Miss Blundell breakfasted . Took a chaise to Downside. Saw the Bishop Returned, Dr Elloy 19 with me 198

Saturday 4 [July] M. Placed in the bank £21 and left my banking book with them Saw Mr Lowder about the chapel D. at Mrs Ferrers. In the confessional till 11 o'clock Called to Mrs Brennen, Avon St., and escorted back by an unknown man, who said, "I know you, sir; I was afraid some onemight insult you in this blackguard street, soI tookthe libertyofwalking afteryou. "

Sunday 5 [July] M. Attended the first ladies'committee ofthe new members. Saw Mr Lowder and authorised him to make the agreement with a builder to do the chapel for £780his own expences being £50 in addition. D. Mrs Dalton Called on Mrs John Wright and Mrs Strickland. Packed up, wrote some lettersand went to bed at 2 o'clock in the morning.

Monday 6 [July] Met L. Barber and Mr Jenkins at the coach at14 before 7.99 Travelledwith the latter as far as Birminghamwhich we reached about 9 o'clock in the evening. Slept at the Castle Inn. Onmy way dropt a line to Mr Barr recommendinghim to go to chapterin person.

Tuesday 7 [July] Left Birmingham at 9 o'clock a.m. and reached Sheffield at about 7 or 8 in the evening. Met MrRimmer at the coach Staid all night at his house Dr. Knight , Mr Morton and Mr Gainsford200 called etc.

Wednesday 8 [July] Preached a charity sermon at Sheffield201 for the general infirmary of that placea moderate sermon and small audience; collection £25. 1.8% . Dined at Mr Rimmer. Met there a brother of the late Sr. WindsorHunlock;the Revd . Mr Mac Donald , an Irish priest; Dr. Knight and most of the principal people of the congregation. Evening at Mr Gainsford. Slept at MrRimmer's.

Thursday9 [July] Saw Mr Gainsford'sworks and the round chapel at the hospitalcurious echo in the latter. Dined at Mr Rimmer's early Left Sheffield at 2 o'clock p.m. for Wakefield. Reached Heath202

198 No doubt the 83-year-old French priest of this name whodied atDownside in 1824 ,aged 89 (C.R.S., 12, p 161)

199 The coach departed from the YorkHouse, Bath(1819 Directory, p 23). For Barber see note 177. If "Mr Jenkins" was Dom John Jenkins , O.S.B. (later of Bath) he was then in minor orders (Birt, p 171)

200 R. Gell, A New General and Commercial Directory of Sheffield and its Vicinity (Manchester , 1825) p. 39, lists silversmiths and platers of this name (see also journal-entry for 9 July) and they also occur in the Sheffield sectionof a northern Commercial Directory for 1816-17 published at Manchester in 1816, p. 313. On p 137 of Gell's Directory their London agent is stated to be Mr C. Morton and on p 55 occurs James Knight, M.D., 43 NorfolkStreet

201 Baines had earlier preached at the opening of this chapel, the predecessor of St Marie's, in May 1816; see Hadfield, op cit , pp 38-9; also note 116 to this journal

202 HeathHall , West Riding of Yorkshire near Wakefield , occupied from 1792 to 1821 by the Montargiscommunity of French Benedictine nuns; see C.R.S. , 6, p

a little after 7. Saw the Lady Abbess. Called on Mr Manners and Mr Reeve .Sleptat a house on the Heath.

Friday 10 [July] Remained at Heath till 4 o'clock p.m. Walked to Wakefield and took a coach to Leeds . Met at Leeds the mail to York and reached the latter place about 10 o'clock. Called onMrs Allen and staidallnight. Miss Brickle [? Buckle] thereveryunwell.

Saturday 11 [July] Took a chaise for Ampleforth and prevailed on Mrs Allen to go with me . Reached Ampleforth soon after one o'clock. The boys gave 3 cheers when they saw me . Mrs Allen returnedto York with the chaise .I reoccupied my old room . Officiated as priest athigh vespers ,which were sung verywell bythe religious and boys.

Sunday 12 [July] Said M. Miss [?] Taylor's int Preached . Wroteto Miss Caryand some-one else . int

Monday 13 July. Remained all day at Ampleforth .M.MissTaylor's

Tuesday 14 [July] Examination. Went offverywell. Lord Stourton and Mr Langdale, Mr Cholmeleyetc. present. Playin the eveningwell performed, particularly by Stourton An epilogue to theexamination verygood pronouncedby Stourton, written by Rooker . 203

Wednesday 15 [July] Remained at Ampleforth.WrotetoMrMorris at Downside recommending a memorial to be presented at Chapter praying for an arrangement to be made between the two houses of Ampleforth and Downside. Dr. Brewer and Mr Calderbank recommended this. 204

Thursday 16 [July] Remained at Ampleforth.

Friday 17 [July] At Ampleforth . In the evening rode over toMr Coupe's with Dr. Brewer who returned to the college the samenight Slept atMr

SaturdayCoupe's 18 [July] Conf: Rodeto Sion Hill205saw MrsandMiss Mariaand RalphSelbyalso Mr Higginson . Staid allnight.

Sunday 19 July] Mass at Mrs Selby's Pro Provincia Dined there and returned to Ampleforth. Had a walk in the morning with Miss Maria. Rode to Thirsk and was informed of the death of old Mr Talbot of Kilvington, who died that morning Took a chaise to Coxwold and rode from thence to Ampleforth on horsebacka wet night. Reached Ampleforth about ½ past 10 .

Monday 20 July Went with Edwd Clifford to York to meet his

220, note 1; S.R. Clarke , New Yorkshire Gazetteer or TopographicalDictionary (1828) pp 113-4 Theylatermoved to Princethorpe , Warwicks.

203 ? Baines's future associate at Prior Park, Dom Thomas Cuthbert Rooker O.S.B. (see supra , Introduction , pp 94, 96-7 & note 473); secularised and so not in Birt

204 On the proposed merger between Ampleforth and Downside see Birt, Downside, pp 172-9 For Morris, who had been ordained in March 1818, see also note 74.

205 North Riding ofYorks , 4 miles from Thirsk Seat of Joshua CromptonEsq. in 1821; T. Langdale, Topographical Dictionary of Yorkshire (Northallerton, 1822) p. 104.

CATHOLICISM IN BATH

brother Hugo . 206 The latter observed that the Court of Romewas , and must naturally be favourableto Regulars. Dinedwith Mrs Allen Called on Dr. Lawson and met Mr T. Lawson , the priorofDownside. Sleptat Mrs Allen's

Tuesday 21 [July] Called in the morning on Miss Salvin and Miss Gibson , on the Roses, on the Ladies at the Barr;207 saw Miss Chalmers. Called also on Mr Gage, Mrs Anne and Miss Gage. Saw the Yorkshire Giant, 7ft 9 inches high . 208 Dined with Dr. Goldie209 tête à têteand tooka walkto St Mary's abbey210 etc.

Wednesday 22 [July] Left York in the Sunderland mail at 12 o'clock and arrived at Stockton at 7 o'clock a.m. Called on Mr Story, who drove the gig sent by Mr Meynil from Hartlepool to meet meand sent the servant home on foot Reached Hartlepool at 1 o'clock. Saw Mrs Selby just setting off home . Found Mrs and Miss Wright and Mr BradleywithMr and Mrs Meynill. Had a room in their house .

Thursday 23 [July] Went on a sea expedition to Castle Eden dean (dell) 8 miles northof Hartlepool sailed thither in an hour.Walked up the dell . The ladies in gigs and on horseback . Dined in the wood under a rock. Returnedto the sea and embarked at 6 o'clock. Thewind fallen becalmed in a rough sea All very sick Short breezes . Tacked about [continued on next page, in space for Friday 24 July] till 4 o'clock this morning; saw the sunrise at this time from the boat in which we left the vessel . Took some warm brandy and water and went tobedbefore5 o'clock. Got up about 10- very wellbutfatigued

Saturday 25 [July] Remained quiet at home all day Bathed ,walked outetc.MrMeynil tookMrBradleyto Yarm and returned to dinner.

Sunday26 [July] Said Mass at 9 o'clock Walked out on the moor. Vespers at 3. Prepared for an expedition to the Fern Islands211 tomorrow morning

Monday 27 [July] Wind almost due north, cold and unfit for the expedition. Met with a return-chaise and went in it to Durham at 6 o'clock p.m. Reached Durham at 10. The town full on account ofthe assises .Paid 5s . for a bed in a garret

Tuesday 28 [July] Called upon the Bishops212 and breakfasted

206 Probably sons of Charles, 7th Lord Clifford of Chudleigh ; i.e. Edward (Augustine), later a Benedictine , and Hugh Charles, later 8thbaron; cf. Birt, p. 144; Gillow, 1 , pp 509-11

207 i.e. the BarConvent, York(St Mary's Convent , Micklegate Bar)

208 William Bradley of MarketWeighton , E. Riding; see F. Ross, Celebrities of the Yorkshire Wolds (1818) pp 33-4; Yorks. Notes & Queries, I, pp 347-8 ; A.G. Cox & D. Stather, A History of the Parish of Market Weighton and District (MarketWeighton , 1957) pp 54-5, 86-8; also Guinness Bookof Records (p 16 of 1973 edition)..

209 George Goldie M.D. , eminent Catholic physician and citizen of York (Gillow, II, pp 510-3)

210 211

212

Foran accountofthese remains, see V.C.H., City of York, pp 357-60 Farne Islands

William Gibson , Vicar-Apostolic of the NorthernDistrict, and his coadjutor,

with them. BishopSmyth put me in the road to Ushaw about ½ way. Arrived at Ushaw ½ past 1. First dinner over . Dinedat the secondtable with Mr Anderton and Mr Kirk the procurator. Mr Gillow said he did not believe the storys of the girls at the Barr and that Mr Croskill213 did not either .Occupiedthe Bishop'sroom.

Wednesday 29 [July] MrGillow informed me that Old HallGreen is new modelledecclesiastical students seperated from others etc. Left Ushaw after breakfast, accompanied a little way by Mr Anderton and Newsham21214 junior. Reached Durham at 10, went to the cathedral, heard part of the service, saw the church. Could not get a chaise to Castle Eden. Procured a Hack horse. Rode 10 miles in an hourandmet Mr Meynil's gig at Castle Eden, which brought me to Hartlepool for dinner. Met Simonand Miss KittyScroope.

Thursday 30 [July] Had a pleasant cruise off the coast from 1 o'clock till4. Bathed in the Ark Wroteto Placid215 aboutajourney to France

[Here follow three blank pages, numbered87 to 89, then, on page 90 , occur the lastthree entries, below, headed "April 1819"]

Easter Sunday . 216 GrandHighMass .

Monday- High Mass with one priest. Benedictionafternoon.

Thursday 15 [April] Gave comn: to Mr John Dalton. The canvas began to be fastened up on which the painting behindthe altar istobe made byO'Neil . 217 Dinedat the Ferrers's.

[The remainingpages , 91 to 146, are blank]

Bishop Thomas Smith. For themand for John Kirk and John Gillow (Presidentof Ushaw) see D. Milburn, A History of Ushaw College (Ushaw , Co. Durham , 1964) passim

213 Rev. William Croskell, chaplain at the Bar Convent; cf. H.J. Coleridge, St Mary's Convent , Micklegate Bar, York (1887) p 281 ; C.R.S .. , 63, p. 396 & works there cited.

214 Perhaps Charles Newsham, later President of Ushaw (Gillow, V, pp 174-6; Milburn, op. cit., passim) The Rev. J. Anderton was General Prefect (Records and Recollections ofUshaw by"An Old Alumnus" [E. Buller], Preston, 1889, p.273) For the changesat Old Hall Green (St Edmund's , Ware), see Bishop Bernard Ward's History of that College (1893) pp. 225-7

215 See note 74

216 11 April 1819; C.R. Cheney, HandbookofDates (RoyalHistoricalSociety, 1970) p 125

217 Draughtsman and landscape-painter, 1 Wade's Passage, Bath(1819 Directory, pp 10, 82).

INDEX

Entries may occur more than once to a page of text; footnotereferences are indexed separately, with the abbreviation n Catholic priests are given the prefix "Rev." (or "Abbé") or the suffixes S.J. , O.S.B., etc; non-Catholic clergy have the suffix "Rev." in brackets Similarly the titles of Catholic bishops and archbishops precede their Christian names while Anglicans ' follow theirs, in brackets English place-names are both indexed separately and grouped under their counties, using the historic county-names prior to the 1974 reorganisation . Places in Wales are indexed both under their own names and under "Wales" . Cross-references are given to variant spellings ofsurnames and where the same Christian name clearly belongs to different persons, these are numbered. Ifit is uncertainwhetheran entry relates to one or more persons it is marked with an asterisk . It should be noted that in the period covered by this volume "Mrs" does not necessarily denotea married woman; the unmarriedDorothyCottington and Mary Frampton (supra. , pp 40, 51) are cases in point, as is Miss Wroughton (p. 74), repeatedlyshown in local directories as "Mrs" (see note 11 to Reg. 2), and perhaps the Mrs Hippisley and others (e.g. LucyEsmond) referredto in Baines's journal Here too, and in the Bell-tree account book, a surname may be preceded either by a Christian name or by "Mr" , "Mrs" , "Miss" etc. (often, doubtless , the same person) and this may result in more than one index-entry for a single individual. Some marked "Mr" have been identified in footnotes as priests but thereare probably others not so identifiedcould "Mr Baker" (pp 120, 121) bethe Franciscan , ArthurPacificus Baker (see C.R.S., 4, p 272)?and there may be more nuns than those mentionedon pages 128, 178,226 and 228.

Acton, Sir Richard, 105

Acton Burnell, Salop , 50n, 93, 124n

Aimy, Mrs Mary, 220

Ainsworth, Ralph , O.S.B., 72, 80-81 , 108, 178

Albin, Joseph, 171

Albyn, Mr, 106

Alexander , Bishop Mervyn, 91n

Allen, Elizabeth , 101

Allen, Mr, 127 , 128

Allen, Mr (Catholicschoolmaster ), 76n

Allen, Mrs, 219 , 237-8

Allen, Ralph, 91

Allen, Cardinal William,4

Alley,William (Bishop) 13n , 14

Ambrose , General, 218-9 , 222 , 231

Amey, see Aimy

Ampleforth,Yorks., 81, 88, 92-4 , 178n , 213n, 227, 232n, 234, 237-8 . See also Dieulouard

Anderson , Sir Edmund, 9

Anderton, Rev. J., 239

Anglesbatch , see Englishcombe

Anne ofDenmark , Queen, 25

Annefamily, 33

Anne, Mrs, 238(?)

Antwerp, 49

Aranza, Mrs, 233

Arbuthnot, Mary, 108

Archbald (?Archbold), Miss, 212-3 , 218-9,223,230

Arley, Cheshire, 29n

Arlington, see Bennet(t),

Arlington, Devon , 131 , 135

Arnoll, Adam , S.J., 7, 28n

Arundellfamily, 49, 65

Arundell, Hon Everard, 105

Arundell, Lady (1748), 49n ; (1758), 168; (1777), 106

Arundell, Lord (1748), 49n; (6th Baron), 65; (1777), 106; (10th Baron), 235

Arundell, Miss, 228

Arundell, Mr, 49n, 168

Arundell, Mrs, 105, 106, 123, 168

INDEX

Arundell, Mrs Mary (Ann?), née Mitchell (wife of Thomas Arundell I), 65

Arundell, Thomas I, 65

Arundell, Thomas II, 65-6

Ashby, see Thimelby

Aspinall, Mrs, 217

Atkinson, John, O.S.B., 110n

Atterbury, Francis (Bishop),47

Atwood, John, 170

Attwood, Mr, 160

Auriol, General, 202

Avill, Som , 22

Aylmer, John (Bishop),20

Aylmer, Mr, 105

Baggs, Bishop Charles Michael, 90

Bainesfamily, 216

Baines, 216 - (brother of Bishop Baines),

Baines, Ann, 208

Baines, Burnaby, 208

Baines, James, 216

Baines, Jane, 208

Baines, Mrs (mother of Bp Baines), 208, 216

Baines, Mrs, 207

Baines, Bishop Peter Augustine, 78-96 , 200-39

Baines, Thomas, 208 ,216

Baines(?), Thomas (uncle ofBp. Baines), 216

Baines, William, 216

Baker, Arthur Pacificus , O.F.M. , 240

Baker, Joseph, 134, 135

Baker, Mr, 120 , 121 , 240

Baker, Mrs Mary(wife of Joseph Baker), 135

Baker, William ,42

Baldwin , Winthrop, 68, 190, 195 , 198

Baltimore, U.S.A., 110

Banester, William, O.S.B., 54, 58n , 100-101. See also Taverner

Banks, Lady, 52-3

Barber, Rev.J.V. (Cistercian), 72n

Barber, Luke Bernard, O.S.B., 232(?), 235(?), 236

Barber, Samuel Stephen, O.S.B., 232(?), 235 (?)

Barberi, Rev. Dominic, 209n

Barckley , Barkley, Barkly, see Berkeley

Barford, see Burnford

Barlow , Dr, 220, 221 , 230n

Barlow, Mrs, 220, 230

Barr, Thomas Bernard, O.S.B. , 205, 217,228-9,232,236

Barrett, Rev. Basil, 231, 233(?)

Barrett, Bryant, 227 , 231n

Barret(t), Miss, * 212 , 220

Barrett, Mrs, 220, 231

Barrett, Mrs Winefrid, née Eyston(wife of Bryant Barrett), 231n , 233(?)

Bartlett, Mr, 113, 114, 115, 116 , 118 , 120

Bartlet, Mrs, 113

Bath Abbey (& parish: Ss Peter & Paul), 1 , 6, 9, 28, 29, 30n, 36, 40, 42, 45-7, 49 & n, 50, 51, 55n, 64, 66, 75n, 85, 101-2, 232-3

Bath, Abbey House, 24,26,27

Bath, Assembly Rooms , 64

Bath, Bathwick, 30n, 230

Bath, Bear inn, 100, 196

Bath, Beechen Cliff, 235

Bath, Bellot'sHospital, 50

Bath, Bell-tree House, 47-63 , 66-7, 70, 72, 75 , 76, 77n, 80, 83, 98-9, 106-7, 110-83 , 186 , 199

Bath, Brunswick Place chapel (St Mary's), 80n, 86n, 87-8

Bath, Castle (and Bull ?) inn, 224

Bath, Catholic chapel (1780), 67-9 , 184-99

Bath, Catholic schools, 57, 76, 80-3, 86n, 88-90 , 202, 213, 223, 231-3

Bath, Corn St. chapel, 71-2, 81, 83

Bath, Cross Bath, 36, 43, 50, 63

Bath, Duke of Kingston's baths, 24n,64

Bath, Guildhall, 68, 85, 189, 195, 196, 234

Bath hospitals, 41n, 63, 83, 220, 234, 235

Bath, King'sBath, 34, 46, 50

Bath, King Edward's School, 7, 27-8, 41-2

Bath, Lady Huntingdon'schapel, 64

Bath, Lansdown, 34, 39n

Bath, Lyncombe& Widcombe parish, 75-6, 104

Bath, Octagon chapel, 64

Bath, OddDown, 75

Bath, (old) Orchard St. chapel (St John's), 72, 80-7, 90, 187n, 202-39 passim,

Bath, Philip St. (no 6), 84, 200-1 , 204-6

Bath, Pierrepont Place, 84, 204, 206, 212, 219. See also (old) Orchard St.

Bath, Plume of Feathers inn, 186

Bath, Portlandchapel (St Augustine's ), 88

Bath, Prince ofWalesinn, 76

Bath, Prior Park, 79, 80n, 86, 90-7 , 201 , 204, 213nn, 230

Bath, Pump Room, 50, 63, 64

Bath, Roman baths, 24n

Bath, St James (& parish), 10, 36, 47, 50, 75 & n, 85

Bath, St James's Parade (12/13), 71-2 , 81, 82, 84, 178, 207n

Bath, St John's Catholicchurch, 80n

Bath, StJohn'sHospital, 55n, 100

Bath, St Mary's Catholicchurch, 80n , 88

Bath, St Mary's (proprietory) chapel, Queen Sq , 211 & n

Bath, St Mary de Stalles, 10, 28, 30n

Bath, St Michael (& parish), 6, 9, 10 , 75n, 79n, 85

Bath, Ss Peter & Paul; see Bath Abbey

Bath, Sydney Gardens , 232

Bath, theatres , 41, 46, 64, 80-1 , 100 , 187

Bath, Twerton, 46, 47, 158

Bath, Walcot, 74, 75n, 76, 85, 104-5 , 109, 202, 205 , 226

Bath, Weston, 4, 46, 47

Bath, WhiteHartinn,215

Bath ,WhiteLion inn, 68

Bath, Widcombe , 168. See also Bath, Lyncombe & Widcombe parish

Bath, York House, 66, 215, 236n

Bath & Wells diocese, 1-2, 8 , 10n , 19-20, 22, 23nn , 27n, 28, 30 , 31 , 39, 75n, 79n, 85

Bathampton , Som., 79, 234

Bathford, Som , 4, 10

Bearcroft , Mrs, 59, 137 , 139

Beaurepaire, Mme de , 202

Beaty, Mr, 64

Beaufort , Dukeof (1706), 48

Beaufort , Dr, 65

Beaumont, John, 76n

Becker, Mr, 212 , 233

Bedingfield family, 61n, 67

Bedingfield , Anthony, 61

Bedingfield , Edmund, 11

Bedingfield , Sir Henry, 63

Bedingfield , Lady , née Jerningham (wife ofSir Richard Bedingfield), 63, 78, 81n, 223n

Bedingfield , Sir Richard , 106

Belisy, Rev. Emilius (Rosminian), 94n

Bellot, Thomas, 50

Belson family, 49

Bence, Mr, 204, 205, 225, 232

Bendry, Mr, 203

Bennet(t), Francis, 185 , 197

Bennet(t), Sir Henry (later Earl of Arlington), 35m

Bennet, Mr? (or abbreviationof Benedict?), 208

Bennet, Mr, 61n

Bennet, Mrs, 220

Bennet, Philip, 98

Bennet , Thomas Bede, O.S.B., 61nn

Bennion, Mr, 124 , 125

Berington , Bishop Charles, 228n

Berington, Dame Mary Placida, 228

Berkeley family, 72

Berkeley, Gilbert (Bishop), 1-2 , 4-6 , 19 & n , 20, 22

Berkeley, John, 138, 139

Berkeley, Mr, 123, 124, 125, 127

Berkeley, Mrs (wife of JohnBerkeley), 138

Berkeley, Mrs, 118

Berkshire, 19n , 34, 72, 227n

Berne, Mr. 168

Beswick, Francis Edward , O.S.B., 110n "Betty" , 170

Beylot, Abbé, 78

Biddestone , Wilts. , 51 , 52n

Birch, Mrs, 208

Bird, Major, 86n, 222

Bird, Mrs, 64

Birdsall , Rev. John Augustine , O.S.B. , 50, 61, 68n, 72, 80n, 87 , 167 , 184 , 204, 209

Birkett, Dr. 228

Birkett, Mrs, 224

Birmingham , 207, 215, 217 , 233, 236

Birmingham , Mr & Mrs, 216, 217

Bishop, Charles, 108

Bishop, Mrs Elizabeth , 108

Bishop, Rev. Francis , 108

Bishop, John, 3n, 23n, 27n

Bitton, Glos , 75n "Black Hopperkin" , see "Hopperkin"

Bladwell , (Mason), 223

Blanchard, Abbé, 78

Blandford, Dorset, 228

Blount, Lady (1818), 233

Blount, Martha , 92

Blount, Mrs, 74

Blundellfamily (of Crosby), 216

Blundell, Charles Robert, 216(?) & n , 217 (?)

Blundell, Miss, * 131, 207, 209 , 211 , 214, 218, 221, 223, 225, 232 , 235 , 236

Blundell, Mr, 216-7

Blundell, Mrs, 206-11, 215, 218, 224-5, 227-9 , 231-3, 235

Boardman, Mrs, 58, 170

Bodenham, John, 133, 134

Bodenham, Mr, 116 , 117

Body, John, 3

Body, Mrs, 3

Boisdefure, Abbéde, 227, 232

Bolton, Anselm , O.S.B., 72n, 137

Bond, Mr, 215

Bonham, Som , 206n

Bonner, Bishop Edmund , 1 , 13 , 14

Booth, Lady(Elizabeth ) née Warburton (wife of Sir William Booth), 28-9

Booth, George, 29n

INDEX

Booth, Sir George, 1st Bart., 29n; 2nd Bart & 1st Baron Delamere, 34

Booth, Henry, 2nd Baron Delamere (laterEarl ofWarrington), 29n

Booth , Sir William, 29n

Borley, Essex , 43

Bosgrave , James, 21

Bostock, Dr Richard , 49

Bourne, Bishop Gilbert, 1-2, 6

Bournford etc., see Burnford

Bowes (or Lane), Rev. Robert, 72

Bowman, Charles, 206

Box, Wilts , 40, 60, 75n

Boyce, Mrs Elizabeth , 99

Boyce, William , 99, 100 Bracy, Mr, 116, 117 (& son)

Bradford, Mrs, 211

Bradford, Yorks , 86n

Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts. , 55n, 60, 75n, 189

Bradley, Mr, 238

Bradley, William Giant "), 238 (the "Yorkshire

Bradshaw, Bernard, O.S.B., 56-8, 61, 113-30, 137, 139-67, 171 & n 176

Braham, John, 233

Bramston, Rev. Thomas, 33n

Breen, see Brun

Brennen, Mrs, 236

Brettfamily, 18, 30n , 32

Brett, Robert, S.J., 32n

Bretton, Mrs, 207, 226

Brewer, John , S.J. , 60n, 107n

Brewer, John Bede, O.S.B., 60n, 66-70, 105, 106, 107n, 172, 176, 178-81 , 184 , 198-9 , 216, 227-9, 234n, 235, 237

Brewer, Miss, 215

Briant, Alexander , S.J. , 21. See also Parsons

Brickle (?Buckle), Miss, 237

Bridgewater, Rev. John , 3 & nn

Bridgwater , Som . , 86n, 108, 213

Brindle Rev. Thomas, 81-7, 93-4, 96, 200-1, 203-7, 211, 213 , 215 , 218 , 221, 223 , 225, 226, 228-30 , 232, 234

Bristol, 5, 24, 41, 55n, 59, 64, 73 , 76, 77 , 79n, 90, 97n, 169 & n , 188 , 195, 214, 217, 233, 234

Bristol, Clifton, 79n, 90, 97, 233

Broadway , Worcs , 167n

Brockholes , Joseph, 106

Brookes, Mr, 120, 121

Brown (e), Betty (& mother), 226, 231

Brown , Lady (1758), 168

Brown(e), Miss, 228

Brown(e), Mr, 202, 210, 233 , 235

Brown(e), Mrs, 218, 226, 231 , 234

Brown, Bishop Thomas Joseph, O.S.B., 85n , 90

Brown, William Ambrose , O.S.B., 55 , 113 , 114

Browne, Robert(Rev.), 9n

Bruce, Miss (?), 205

Bruges, 73

Brun,(?Breen), Miss, 207

Bruning, Francis, O.S.B. , 55

Bruning, RichardPlacid, O.S.B., 55n

Brussels, 49, 212

Brympton, Som ., 21

Bucer, Martin, 23n

Buckland , Berks , 72

Buckle, see Brickle

Burck, see Burke

Burford, see Burnford

Burges, D. (Rev.), 224

Burgess, Bishop Thomas, 88, 93 & n, 94-7, 234

Burghley , see Cecil

Burke, Helen, 135, 136

Burke, Mrs, 135, 136, 231

Burke, Thomas, 219

Burney, Fanny (Mme D'Arblay), 69

Burnford, Gilbert, 2n

Burton Constable, Yorks, 77n

Busell, Mrs, 196

Butler, Lady Eleanor, 205n

Butler, Mrs Elizabeth (wife of Robert Butler ), 231

Butler, James, 108

Butler, John, 68, 190, 198-9

Butler, Lady (1817), 218

Butler, Mr, 138, 209, 218-20 , 224-5

Butler, Mrs, 74n, 205-6, 212, 218-21, 223-6 , 228-33, 235

Byfleetfamily, 32n

Byrne, see Berne

Cadeby, Leics., 131

Calaghan, Dennis, 205, 226. See also Callighan; O'Callighan

Calderbank, James, O.S.B., 72, 81 , 83n , 208, 216-7 , 227-8, 237

Caldwell , J., 188

Callighan, Frederic, 233. See also Calaghan

Cambrai, 49, 203n

Cambridge, 16 , 23m

Cambridgeshire, 11, 16, 23n, 61n, 63, 223n

Camden, Marquis of, see Pratt

Camerton, Som , 69, 75n, 77, 82, 108

Campion, Edmund , S.J., 9n, 15 , 22

Canford, Dorset, 228n

Canning, Mrs Mary Eugenia, née Blount (widow of Charles Stonor; wife of Thomas Canning), 66n

Canning, Thomas, 66n, 108

INDEX

Cannington , Som ., 79n, 178n, 213-4

Canterbury Province , 10n , 22

Capel, Rev. Giles, 3n

Cardiff, 76

Carew , Anthony, 39 , 40

Carew, Miss, 233

Carey(?), G., 218. See also Cary

Carnefamily, 36n, 39-41, 45-6, 47

Carne, Mrs Anne (wife of Francis Carne), 41n, 99-101

Carne, Berkeley , 36n, 39-40

Carne, Edward, 41n, 100-1

Carne, Sir Edward, 15

Carne , Mrs Elizabeth, née Speke (wife of BerkeleyCarne), 36n, 39n

Carne, Francis, 41, 45, 46, 48, 54, 99-101

Carne , Mary; see Guest

Carne, Mrs Mary (wife of Francis Carne), 41n

Carrington , Lady,48

Carroll, Bishop John, 110

Carteret, Francis Joseph, O.S.B., 138-9 , 171, 178-80

Carteret , Philip, S.J. , 73n

Cartwright , Thomas (Rev.), 23n

Caru , see Carew

Cary, Edward, 222

Cary, Miss, 203-7, 210-15 , 218-21 , 223-6, 229-35, 237

Cary, Mr, 105, 195, 218, 230

Cary, Mrs, 123 ; Hon Mrs, 132 , 133

Cary, Mrs Sophia, 213

Cary, Stanley, 222

Castle Eden, Co. Durham , 238-9

Catalini , Angelica , 81

Catterall, Alexander Benedict , O.S.B., 110m

Causer, Benedict , O.S.B., 110n

Cavern, Mrs, 113, 114

Cawser , see Causer

Cecil, Sir Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 24 , 33

Cecil, Thomas, 2nd Lord Burghley , 12

Cecil, William, 1st Lord Burghley , 7, 12, 13n , 50

Chabran, Mr, 120 , 121

Challoner, Bishop Richard , 63, 227n

Chalmers, Miss, 238

Chamberlayne, William, 197

Champneys, George, 9

Chandos, Duchessof (1777), 106

Chapman family, 56n

Chapman, Henry, 36n

Chapman, John, 185, 186, 190-1

Chapman, Rev. John , 21

Chapman, Robert, 37

Chapman, Walter (Rev.), 55n, 60n

"Chapman, William, O.F.M., " 55

Charles I, 30

Charles II, 35-9, 42

Charlotte , Princess, 211n , 212

Charlotte , Queen, 211 & n, 219

Cheam, Surrey , 62, 112, 182

Cheltenham , Glos , 60, 72, 204n, 209

Chemite, Rev. Antony, 77n

Cheney, see Cheyney

Cheney Court, Wilts, 40

Chepstow, Mon. , 79n

Cheshire, 10, 15, 17, 29-30, 209 , 217

Chester, 15, 17

Chetwynd, Mrs Sarah , 74 , 108

Chewton , Som , 7 ,43

Cheyney, Richard(Bishop), 5n

Chichester, John , 57, 106, 129-31, 133-6

Chichester, Mr, 128

Chichester , Mrs , 130 , 168

Chichester , Mrs (wife of John Chichester), 57, 130, 133-5

Chideock, Dorset, 30

Chillington, Staffs, 12

Chippenham, Wilts , 65

Chipping Sodbury, Glos , 75n, 84, 228

Cholm(e)ley family, 33

Cholmeley, Mr, 237

Church, Mrs Ann (wife of James Church), 108

Churchyard , Thomas, 12-15, 16

Clare, John , S.J., 33

Clarence, Dukeof; see William IV

Clark, Thomas, 74-5

Clark(e), see Clerke

Claughton , Lancs , 216

Claveson, Mr, 115

Clement, Thomas, 9

Clement, William (Rev.), 9n

Clerke, Henry, 16

Cliborne, Richard , 11

Clifford, Mrs Appollonia, née Langdale (wife of Hon Hugh Clifford), 61

Clifford, Edward, 237-8

Clifford, Edward Augustine , O.S.B. , 238n

Clifford, Hugh, 61; Hugo (?Hugh

Charles, later 8th Baron), 238

Clifford, Lady (1749), 49n; (1750), 118, 119

Clifford, Lord (1st Baron), 37;(1749 ), 49n; (7th & 8th Barons), 238n

Clifford, Mrs, 74

Clifford, Thomas, 106

Clifford , Thomas Hugh, 77

Clifford, Bishop William Joseph Hugh, 97n

Clifton, see Bristol

Clifton, John, 209, 227

Clifton, Mrs, 230, 233

Clifton, Mrs (wife of John Clifton), 209, 225

Coalman, Mr, 196

Coates, Robert ("Romeo"), 220

Coesneau,, see Quyneo

Coleman, see Coalman

Colgrave, Mr, 168

Colleton, Alice, 20

Colleton, Rev. John, 20-21

Collingridge , Bishop Peter Bernardine, O.F.M. , 78-9, 84, 92-3, 213-4 , 219 , 221 & n, 223 , 225, 226, 234-6

Collings, Mrs, 59 , 167

Combes, Mrs Margaret (wife of Henry Combes), 36n

Compton Pauncefoot , Som , 19n

Connolly, Charles, 90, 209, 231-2 (servant of), 232, 233 (servant-maid of)

Connolly, Miss, 220

Connolly, Mr, 214, 220-3, 231

Connolly, Mrs, 232

Conquest, Mr, 124

Constable, Francis, 80

Constable, WilliamMaxwell, 105

Cook , Mrs Hester (wifeof HenryCook), 39n

Cooke, Mr, 234

Coombs family, 69, 77n

Coombs, Rev. William, 70 , 74 , 77 , 108,205,206,211,213 , 221 223-5

Coombs, Rev. WilliamHenry, D.D. (Dr Coombs), 70n , 231

Coopeau, see Joly

Cooper, Lewis Francis, O.S.B., 215n

Cooper, Mr, 215

Cooper, Mrs, 218-9

Cooper, Ralph Maurus, O.S.B., 84-7 , 89

Copsell, see Capel

Corbin, Mrs, 211 , 213, 218-9

Corby, Mr, 168

Cornwall, 34, 90, 95n , 98n

Cornwallis , Sir Thomas , 12n

Corri, Signora, 233

Corsham ,Wilts , 205

Cosby, see Crosby

Cottell, see Cottle

Cottingtonfamily, 3n, 54

Cottington, Dorothy(?), 39n, 40, 240

Cottington, Edward , S.J. 3n

Cottington, Canon James , 3n

Cottle, Mr, 68, 196

Cotton, George, 11

Cotton, Mr, 115, 116

Coughton , Warwicks , 6n, 176, 217

Coupe , Mr , 237

Coupe, Thomas Jerome, O.S.B., 182 , 237 (? )

Coventry , 223

Cowdray , Sussex , 53n

Cowley, William Gregory , O.S.B. , 72n , 181 & n

Cratford, Rev. Edward , 3

Creech (or Crick), Mr, 118, 119

Crockford, see Cratford

Croft, Mrs, 212

Crombleholme , Bro John , O.S.B., 110n

Crompton , Joshua, 237n

Crook, Simon, 185

Crosby, Lancs , 208 , 216-7

Crosby, Mr (J . IP), 234

Crosby, Mrs (& "Madam"),* 221, 230

Croskell, Rev. William,239

Cross, Nicholas, O.F.M. ,42

Croston, Lancs , 135

Crouch, Mrs, 213, 225

Crowe, Rev. J.F., 89

Cumberlege, John Benedict , O.S.B., 54, 557

Cummin, Rev. Thomas, 89

Curson(s), Mrs, 136

Curson, Mrs Catherine , 137

Curtis, Mr & Mrs , 168

Dakins, John , O.S.B., 54

Daley , see Dayley, Dealy

Dalton,family, 213

Dalton, Mrs Bridget , née More (wife of Dr RobertDalton), 73, 108

Dalton, John, 210, 212, 218, 227, 231, 239

Dalton , Mr, 219, 224, 230-2

Dalton, Mrs, 224, 230-4, 236

Dalton, Mrs (wife of John Dalton), 210, 214, 219 , 235

Dalton, Dr Robert, 73

Dalton, William, 73

Daniel, Thomas, 137, 138. See also Simpson, John Benedict

Darrell, John, 136

Darrell, Mr, 137

Davis, Elizabeth , 108

Davis, George Joseph, O.S.B., 200-1

Davy, Mrs Sarah (wife of Thomas Davy), 101

Dawes, John, 9n

Day, Mr, 106, 202, 204, 207 , 210-15 , 222, 226, 234

Day, Mrs, 212

Day, Samuel, 77n, 203

Day, Samuel Bede, O.S.B., 215n

Day, Susanna, 108

Day, Mrs Susanna, 205

Day, Thomas, 202

Day, Thomas (of Englishcombe ), 77, 108

Day, Thomas (of Forscote), 77 , 109

Day, William, 76, 108

Dayly, Mrs, 124 , 125

De Beaurepaire, see Beaurepaire

INDEX

Dealy, Cornelius , 203

Dealy, Miss, 224

Deday, James Benedict , O.S.B., 87

De Kermel, see Kermel

Delamere, 1st & 2nd Barons , see Booth

Denie, John Baptist, 108

Denie, Miss, 212

Denie, Mr, 203, 210, 212, 218, 222, 226, 228, 229 , 231

Denie, Mrs, 218

De Sommery , see Sommery

Dessaux, Rev. Romain , 77n

Deverall, Miss (Catholic schoolmistress), 81

Devizes, Wilts , 69, 189

Devon, 9n, 30, 32, 34, 90, 95n , 131, 135, 209n , 228n

Dicconson family, 67

Dicconson , William, 105

Dieulouard(St Laurence's Priory), Lorraine, 178n, 181n, 182. See also Ampleforth

Digby, WilliamJerome, O.S.B., 70-71

Dillon, Henry, 108

Dillon, Mrs, 113 , 114

Dixon, Miss (Catholic school-mistress), 81

Dolton, Philippa , 36n

Dominic, see Clare

Dormer, Lord, 120, 128, 129-32

Dormer, Mr, 115, 118, 120, 128, 129 , 130

Dorset, 8n, 9n, 21, 26n , 27 , 30 , 32 , 51, 74, 90, 98, 100, 228, 229n

Douai , English College, 3 , 49, 70n. See also Rheims

Douai, St Gregory's, 54, 56n , See also Downside

Douane (Matthew?), 168

Doughty, Mrs (& son & daughter ), 135 , 136

Douglass, Bishop John, 227

Dourlians, Abbé Louis, 78, 214 , 221 , 222,225,229,235

Dowding, John, 179

Dowding , Mr, 227

Dowling, Mr, 105 , 107

Dowling, Nicholas, 108

Downside , Som , 72n, 77, 85n, 90, 92-4, 96, 110, 213n, 222, 224 , 226-7, 230, 232 & n, 233, 236 , 237. See also Douai , St Gregory's

Droitwich, Worcs , 217

Dryden , John, 51

Duhane, see Douane

Duncan, Mr, 221

Dundas, Miss, 235

Dunham Massey, Cheshire ,29

Dunkerton, Som., 60

Dunster, Som , 22

Durham (city), 238-9

Durham (county), 33, 86n, 238-9

Duviviers (or Walters or Waters), James Placid, O.S.B., 60n, 180 , 182

East Harptree, Som., 59, 75n, 141

Easton Grey, Wilts, 56

Eaton, Reginald, S.J., 16, 21(?)

Eccles, Thomas, O.F.M. , 72n , 135 , 136

Eccleston, Mrs, 116, 117

Ecclestone, Eliza, 233

Ecclestone, Kitty, 233

Eddrington, Ambrose(Rev.), 5n

Edward VI, 2, 6

Edwards, Eliza, 232

Edwards, Mrs, 235

Elizabeth I, 7, 17

Elizabeth , Princess, 211n, 219

Elliot, Mr, 136 , 137

Elliott, Nathaniel , S.J., 73n

Ellis, Bishop Philip Michael , O.S.B., 44

Elloy, Rev. Dr, 236

Elton , Sir Abraham , 195

Englefieldfamily,49

Englefield , Charles, 131, 134

Englefield , Sir Henry,49n

Englefield , Mr, 125, 126, 129 , 130-3 , 135

English, "Edd" , 219

English, Edmund , 108

English, J., 207, 211 , 219

English, John , 205, 234

English, Miss, 219

English, Mr , 228

English, Mrs, 233

English, Mrs (wife of John English), 234

English, William Orchard , 228

Englishcombe, Som., 9, 62, 108, 215

Ennis, Mrs, 205

Ensay , Mr, 222

Ensay, Mrs, 225, 232

Errington, ArchbishopGeorge, 90n ,97. See also Stapleton

Esmond (e), Lucy, 215, 221, 223 , 224, 227,229(?), 230 (?), 240

Essex , 7, 40, 43

Eton College, 23n

Evans, Mrs Anne, 46

Evans, Mary, 46

Evelyn, John, 35n

Everton , Lancs , 216

Evesham, Worcs ,215

Ewens family, 32

Ewens, Maurice, S.J., 32n

Eyre, Mr, 106

Eyston, Charles John, 212

Eyston, Miss (MaryTheresa?), 222 & n

Eyston, Mr, 200-1 , 210-11, 213, 224

Eyston , Mrs, 211, 218, 224

Fagius, Paul, 23n

Fairfaxfamily, 49,72n, 137n

Fairfax, Hon Charles Gregory , 55n

Fairfax, Mrs Elizabeth , 55

Fairfax, Lord (1769), 137, 138

Fairfax, Miss, 137

INDEX

Forscote , Som , 77, 109

Fort Augustus, Scotland, 167n

Fortescue, Sir Francis, 61n "Foxcote" , Som , see Forscote

Frampton family, 52n

Frampton , Mary, 51, 240

Fairfax (or Harvy), Mrs (Mary?), 124, France, 74 , 239 125,126,127 , 129,130,159

Fairford, Glos , 75n

Falmouth, Cornwall, 95n

Farne Islands, 238

Farrell , Garrett, 107

Fraser, Mr, 215

Fraser, Mrs, 215 , 225

FrederickV, ElectorPalatine, 29

Frederick , Prince of Wales , 49

Freeman William, 100

French émigrés, 77-8

Feckenham, Abbot John, O.S.B. , 17-18 , 23n

Fasana ,, 229

Fenn, Rev. James, 8, 19n, 21

Fenn, Rev, John, 3

Fenwick, Mrs Anne, 63, 135 , 137

Feraud, Charles Ambrose , O.S.B., 222-3

Ferdinand II,Emperor , 29

Feria, Don Gomez Suarez de Figueroa , Count(laterDuke) of, 2

Feria, Jane Dormer, Duchess of,7

Ferrers family, 206, 226, 239

Ferrers, Fanny, 207, 211, 219 , 222 , 228 , 229, 234

Ferrers, Major, 203-4, 206, 214, 229

• Ferrers, Miss, 74, 206-7, 211 , 213 , 218-9, 222, 228

Ferrers, Mr, 229

Ferrers, Mrs, 202-4, 206 , 210-14 , 218-21, 223, 227-36

Field, Mr, 219

Fielding, Sir John, 195

Finch , Bishop William , 2n

Fingal, Lord, 224

Fingall , HenriettaMaria, 223

Fisher, John, O.S.B., 181n

Fisher, Thomas Wilfred, O.S.B. , 207 , 208 , 215

Fitzgerald , Bridget Ann, Lady (wifeof Sir James Fitzgerald ), 73, 108

Fitzgerald , Sir, J., 204n

Fitzgerald , Lady, 204 & n, 218, 224 , 226, 228-30 , 232-5

Fitzgerald, Mrs, 203, 204 , 219 , 235

Fitzherbertfamily, 49, 77

Fitzherbert, Thomas, 105

Fitzjames family, 18, 21n

Fitzjames, Archdeacon John , 4n

Fitzjames, Nicholas , O.S.B., 21 , 31

Flanders, 14

Fleming, Miss C., 202

Flemming , Nicholas, 168

Flin, Mrs, 203, 210(brother)

Flintshire, 52

Fludd, Evan, 11

Foljambe, see Fitzjames, Archdeacon

Fonthill Gifford, Wilts , 54, 55n

Fordyce, Mrs, 211

French, Fanny,226

French, Miss, 202-4

Freshford , Som., 75n

Friars, Mrs, 168. See also Fryer

Frome, Somerset, 36 , 64 , 77n

Fryerfamily, 218n

Fryer, J., 218n

Fryer, Miss, 218 , 221

Fryer, Mr, 221, 231, 233

Fryer, Mrs, 218

Fryer, Rev. Mr, 230

Furlong, Rev. Moses (Rosminian), 95

Furnace, Mr, 123

Gabet, Miss, 233

Gage, Mrs Anne(?), 238. See also Anne

Gage, Miss , 238

Gage,Mr,238

Gainsford , (artist), 88

Gainsford , Mr (of Sheffield), 236

Garden, Sarah, 206

Garland, Mrs (servant of), 224

Garstang, William Dunstan, O.S.B., 183

Gartside, Mrs Catherine (wife of John Gartside), 108, 212, 225

Gascoigne, Sir Thomas , 56n

Gatehouse prison, 33

Geary, JohnAnselm, O.S.B., 56-7 , 67

Geddes, Rev. Alexander , 227

Gennings, Rev. Edmund , 25

Gentil, Mrs, 133-5

Gentili, Rev. Luigi, 94-5

"George" (Countess of Leicester's servant ), 113, 114

George III, 211n , 214

GeorgeIV, 212n

Gerard, John, S.J. , 22. See also Gerrard

Gerningham, see Jerningham

Gerrard, John, 217

Gerrard, Mrs (wife of John Gerrard ), 217

Gerrard, William, 8& n31

Gibbons, Rev. Andrew , 3

Gibbons, John, S.J., 3

Gibbons , Mrs, 3

Gibbons, Richard , S.J., 3

Gibbs, Thomas, 39n

Gibson, Miss, 211, 223, 226-30 , 238

Gibson, Mrs Mary, 223

Gibson, Bishop William,238-9

Giffardfamily, 12

Giffard, Bishop Bonaventure , 44, 50

Giffard, John, 12

Giffard, Mrs, 66

Gifford (?), Mr, 233

Gillibrand, Richard , S.J., 61n, 125-6(?)

Gillibrand, William, S.J. , 125-6(?)

Gilling, Yorks, 72n , 137n

Gillow, Rev. John, 239

Glamorgan, 14 , 107n

Gloucester, 5n, 20,92, 195

Gloucestershire , 5 & n, 20, 24, 25 , 32, 36n, 41, 49, 55n, 59, 60, 64, 72 , 73n, 75n, 76, 77, 79n, 84, 90, 97n, 131, 169 & n, 180n, 182, 188 , 195 , 204n , 209, 214, 217, 228, 233, 234

Glover, Edward, O.S.B., 207 , 208 , 215, 217(?), 223 (? ), 226-9

Glover, Vincent Joseph, O.S.B., 203, 208n, 215 , 217 (?), 223 (?)

Godsalf, Rev. George,4

Godwin, Ignatius , S.J., 32

Godwin, Thomas (Bishop), 18, 19 & n , 22

Goldie, Dr George, 238

Good, William, S.J., 2-3, 3n

Gooderick , Miss, 218 , 220

Gordon Riots, 60, 62, 66, 67-70, 111 , 184-99

Gore, Lord (1706), 48

Gradell (? Gradwell ), Mr, 123

Grafton, Worcs., 11

Grant, Mr, 187

Grantham , Lord (1706), 48

Granville, Lord (1706), 48

Gravelines, 49

Gready, Mrs, 168

Green, Miss, 215

Greenway, Mother Mary Scholastica , O.S.B., 178

Grey, Lady Jane, 17

Grey, Mrs, 176

Griffith, Dr John, 33n

Griffith, Mrs Lucina (wife of Thomas Griffith), 39n

Griffith, Mrs Mabel (or Mabella), 33n

Griffith, Thomas, 39nn

Grig, Mrs, 138

Grove (or Winscomb ), Mrs Martha , 51

Guest, Mrs Mary, née Carne (wife of Richard Guest), 39n, 41, 101

Guillmi, Mrs, 120 , 121

Gunpowder Plot, 33

Guttery(or Guthery), Mr, 118, 119

Hacket (t), Mrs, 204, 206, 214-5, 218-9

Haggerston,Sir Carnaby, 58, 115

Haggerston, Lady, 116

Hales, John (Rev.), 28n

Hall, Giles, 76, 109. See also Robinson & Hall

Hambley, Rev. John , 21

Hammersmith , 226

Hampshire, 11, 14, 31n, 32, 105 , 228n

Hampstead Norris, Berks , 19n

Handford, B., 181, 182

Handford, Mrs, 105

Hardland , Miss, 124 , 125

Harford, Mr, 194

Harington , Sir John, 6, 9, 22, 25n

Harold, Edmund John, 178. See also Harrold

Harold , Elizabeth, 178

Harold , Mr & Mrs (parents ofEdmund John & Elizabeth Harold), 178

Harold, Mrs (grandmotherof Edmund John & ElizabethHarold), 178

Harpsfield , Archdeacon John, 17

Harpsfield , Archdeacon Nicholas, 14 , 17

Harris, E , 221n

Harris, Mr, 205, 227

Harris, Mrs, 218 , 225

Harris, Richard, O.S.B., 110n

Harris, W , 227n

Harrison, Mrs Kitty, 208

Harrison, Mr (Husband of Kitty), 208

Harrold, Edward (& wife & son), 135 , 136. See also Harold

Hart, Rev. William , 3

Hartlepool , Co. Durham, 238, 239

Hartsinck, C., 203n

Hartzinck, Mrs, 74 , 203 , 206 , 210, 213,218-20, 232,235

Harvey, or Harvy, Mrs (Mary?), see Fairfax

Haviland, Mr, 143

Hawarden, Joseph Bernard, ex-O.S.B , 110n, 206 & n, 213, 229, 232-3

Hawley, Lawrence , O.F.M., 233n

Hay, Mr, 222, 235

Hay & Phinn , Messrs , 222n

Hazelbury, Wilts, 40

Heal, Hannah, 77n

Heath (& Hall), Yorks , 236-7

Heatley, Hugh Jerome, O.S.B., 71-2, 76, 108, 112

Hellier, Amelia, 108

Henbury , Glos , 5n

Hendren, Bishop Joseph William, O.F.M. , 90, 96-7

Heneage, John, 63, 130

Heneage, Mrs (wife of Windsor Heneage),63

Heneage, Windsor, 63, 131, 132

Henkin , Mr, 113, 114

Henty, Mrs, 223, 224 (?)

Henwick, Berks , 34n

Herefordshire , 90

Hertfordshire , 96, 239

"Hetty" , 139

Hewghes, see Huishe

Hewse, Thomas, 9n

Hibdin, Mr, 207

Hickes, Walter , 37-8

Higginson, Mr, 237

Higman, B. (?), 222

Hughes, John , S.J., 217(?) See also Hewse, Huishe

Huishe, Sylvester, 9n

Humble(s), Miss, 205, 211, 219

Hunlock, SirHenry, 105

Hunt,Mr, 229, 230

Hussey family, 45 , 49, 51-2 , 215

Hussey, Edward, O.S.B., 165n

Hussey, George, 51

Hussey, Giles, 51, 165n

Hillsborough , Wills Hill, 1st Earl of, Hussey, HubertJohn , 229 184-98

Hinton Charterhouse, Som , 9, 206n

Hippisley , Ann, 76n

Hippisley , "Mrs" Ann, 82, 84, 204

Hippisley , Mrs, 206, 211 , 214

Hippisley , William, 76n

Hockley, John & wife , 36n

Hodchin(or Hotchin), Mr, 118 , 119

Hodson, widow , 21

Hoghton , Thomas, 12 , 13n

HoghtonTower, Lancs , 12

Holderness, Peter Dunstan, O.S.B., 182

Holford, Mrs (? Messrs), 170

Holford, Peter, 132

Holman , Mr, 61n

Holme-on-Spalding Moor, Yorks, 61n

Holroyd, Mrs, 220

Holt, Wilts , 75n

Holywell, Flints , 52

Hook, Yorks, 219 "Hopperkin" , 77

Horagan, see Horrigan

Hornby, -, 41

Hornyoldfamily, 67

Hornyold, Mr, 106

Horrigan ,Miss(Catholicschoolmistress), 89

Horton, Glos , 36n, 49, 59-60, 75 , 84 , 131, 180n, 182

Horton, Mr, 194-5

Hoskins, Ralph, S.J., 73n

Hotchin, see Hodchin

Hussey, John, 51, 98-9

Hussey, Miss , 221

Hussey, Mr, 165, 205, 206, 221, 229 , 233

Hussey, Mrs, 212, 221, 225, 230-1, 233, 234

Hussey, William , 11

Hutton, Rev. Peter (Rosminian ), 95

Huysshe, see Huishe

Hyde, Anne, Duchess of York, 43

Hyde, Lord (1706), 48

Hyde, Maria, 205

Hyde, Miss, 203 , 214 ,218

Hyde, Miss M., 202, 204

Hyde, Mrs, 127, 128, 203, 213 , 214 , 219 ,228

"Iacobyen" , 14

Ilchester , Som., 21, 39, 192

InceBlundell, Lancs , 208 , 216-7

Inglefield, see Engelfield "Inglesbatch" , see Englishcombe

Ireland , Irish etc., 22, 27, 67, 74 , 76, 77, 80, 235

Irvine, Miss, 232

Irvine, Mrs, 232

Isham family, 22

Jacobitism , 44-5, 47-8, 54, 55

Jadoul, Mrs Ann(wife ofJamesJadoul, sen ), 77n

Jadoul, James, sen. & jun , 77n

Hotham, Miss,* 202, 204-6 , 212-4, 220 , JamesII, 37, 42-4,48, 53 227, 232, 234,235

Hotham, SirW. ,202n

Hothersall , Mrs, 58, 140, 141, 143, 145, 147-54, 157-9, 161-3, 165-7, 169

Houghton-le-Spring , Co. Durham, 86n

Howard (of Corby), family, 212n

Howard, John Placid, O.S.B., 116, 118, 119, 121-2, 127, 134-5, 137 , 142 , 146-7, 149, 151, 153, 156

James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales, 43, 47

Jedoull, see Jadoul

Jefferys, John, 186, 191-5 , 197

Jenison, James, S.J., 73

Jenkins, Mr, 205, 236

Jenkins, Mr (Catholicschoolmaster), 81

Jenkins, John Jerome, O.S.B., 84n, 89 , 236m

Jerningham family, 49, 61n

Howard, Abbess Mary Agnes (Anne), Jerningham, Lady (wife of Sir William 128

Howard, Philip, 107

Howe, Mr, 227

Huddleston , Mrs Jane, 63

Huddleston , John , O.S.B., 42, 53n

Jerningham ), 74; (1747), 142

Jervis, Mrs Martha, 111-2

Jewel, John (Bishop), 15n "John" (Sir Edward Smythe's butler), 124

INDEX

Jones, Mr, 123 , 127 , 128

Jolly, see Joly

Joly (orJolie), Mr, 187 , 190

Joly (or Jolie), Mrs, née Coopeau, 187

Jones, Philip (& wife & sister), 136 , 137

Joye, Mrs, 168

Kaye, John, 208, 216

Kaye, Mrs ,226

Kellet, Robert Augustine , O.S.B. , 110n

Kelston , Som , 75n, 101n, 104

Kemish , Mrs Katherine , 36n , See also Sloper

Ken, Thomas (Bishop), 42

Kendal, Westmorland , 5

Kendal, John , 106

Kendal, Peter, O.S.B., 61

Kenilworth, Warwicks , 17

Kennion , Mrs Susanna, 45

Kennion, Thomas, 45, 51n

Kent,Mr,215

Kenyon , see Kennion

Kermel,,Rev. Maurice de , 77n

Kerne, see Carne

Kew, Nathaniel , 101

Keynes family, 18, 21-2, 30n, 32

Keynes, Alexander , 35n

Keynes, Edward, 19n ,27n

Keynes, Edward, S.J., 32n

Keynes, George, jun , S.J., 32n

Keynes, John, S.J., 32n

Keynes, Mrs Katherine , née Knowell (wife of Edward Keynes), 19n , 27n

Keynes, Maurice, S.J., 32n

Keynsham, Som., 4, 9

Kierwan, John , 105

Kilvington, Yorks, 237

King, Edward , 86

King, George, 195

King, Mrs, 219-20

Kircombe, John, 39n

Kirk, Rev. John, 239

Kirkby, Lancs., 208

Knap(p) family, 202n

Knap(p), Mr, 202-5 , 210-11 , 213-5 , 218-9 , 221, 223, 229, 230, 232, 234

Knap (p), Mrs, 212 , 218 , 223

Knaresborough , Yorks , 222n

Knight, Dr (? James), 236& n

Knight & Davies (chemists), 213

Knipe , William, 49n

Knolle, Knotte, see Knowell

Knowellfamily, 27n, 32n

Knowell, Edward , 27

Knutsford, Cheshire, 209 , 217

Kyane, Miss, 226

Lacon, Miss, 223, 226 ,235

Lacon, Walter, 231

Lake, Arthur (Bishop),28-30

Lambspring Abbey, Germany , 167

Lancashire, 12, 13 , 14, 48, 56, 58, 60n , 82, 83n, 135, 141, 203n, 206-9, 211n, 215-7 , 226, 232n, 234

Lancaster family, 18 , 19n

Lancaster, John, 18

Lancaster , Rev. Roger, 19n

Lancaster, William, 2, 23n

Lane , Mrs Mary(wife of RobertLane), 100-101. Seealso Bowes

Langdale family, 49, 77

Langdale, Lord (1750-2), 118, 119 , 121; (1777), 105

Langdale, Mr, 116 , 117 , 237

Langdale, Philip, 58, 133 , 134

Langley (?) ,, 227

Langley, Benjamin , 81

Langton ,family, 202n, 233

Langton , Michael Tho(?), 108

Langton , Mr, 226, 230, 233

Langton, Mrs, 202-4, 207, 210-12 , 214, 218-24 , 230-1

Lansdown , see Bath

Latham, Dr, 207

Laud, William (Archbishop), 30-1 , 37

Laurenson , Mr, 214

Law, George Henry (Bishop), 85

Lawson, Dr, 238

Lawson , Henry, O.S.B., 72 , 108, 204 (? ), 226 (?)

Lawson, John, 105

Lawson, Mr, 204, 210, 226

Lawson, Thomas Austin, O.S.B., 204 (? ), 226(? ), 238

Layer, Christopher , 47

Layton, Mr, 221

LeCordière , Abbé, 78n

Lee, Miss, 226

Lee , Mrs, 124 , 125. See also Leigh

Leech, Mrs, 58

Leeds, 237

Leese, "Doctor"; Dr Robert, 8 & n , 23n

Leicester, Margaret, Countess of, 113 , 114

Leicestershire, 131

Leigh , Dr, 222

Leigh, Mr, 129, 130, 168, 222

Leighland, Som ., 31n

Leith, Mr, 128

Leopold I, King of the Belgians, 212n

Leveaux, Joseph Martin, O.Š.B., 78n

Lewicke , John , 9

Lewis, Mr, 113 , 114

Lichfield, Staffs, 50n

Liège, 223n

Linch, see Lynch

Lincoln, Miss, 219, 221, 223, 231

Lincoln, Mrs, 211, 219-20 , 224 , 235

Lisbon, Bridgettine convent (Sion House), 59 , 163

Lisbon , English College, 53n

Liverpool, 82, 203n, 206-9, 211n, 215-7, 226

Llewellyn, Austin, O.S.B., 50n, 54

Lloyd, Mrs, 113, 114

Lloyd, Thomas, 105. See also Fludd

Loape, see Loope

Loder, A.; G.; J.D., 225n

Loder, Mr, 225. See also Lowder

Logan, Rev. Thomas, 94

London (and places therein), 1 , 7, 14, 17-18, 21, 24n, 25, 27, 33, 38, 63, 64, 65n, 66n, 67-8, 77, 112, 167, 183n, 184, 192, 193-5, 197n , 226

Long, Ann, 36n

Long, Sir James, 36

Loope family; Anne; Joan; Roger, * 8n

Lorymer, Mr, 135

Lorymer, Mrs, 131, 132, 171 (with daughter & maid)

Loupe, see Loope

Louvain , 49, 228n

Loveless (?Lovelass), Mrs, 224, 226 , 233, 234

Lowder, J., 221, 223 (?), 229, 235-6(?)

See also Loder

Lulworth, Dorset, 74

Lunt, Mr, 139

Lunt, Mrs, 138 , 139

Lutterell, Dr, 99

Lynch, Francis Anselm , O.S.B. , 113 , 114

Lynch, French , 106

Lynch, Mr, 116, 117, 168, 223-5,

Macham, -, 21

Mackenzie , Kenneth , 48, 100-101

Macnamara,Mr& Mrs , 168

Madan, Robert, 105

Madden, Mr & Mrs, 211

Maire, Mr, 123

Maire, Mrs, 106 , 123

Mallett, Gregory , O.S.B. , 50

Malpas, see Rocksavage

Malpass, Mrs, 105

Malvern, Worcs , 203n

Mancel, Rev. Jean Marie, 77n

Manners, Cumberland William, 213n , 237(? )

Manners , Mr, * 213, 237

Mannock family, 67, 77

Mannock, Sir Francis, 106

Mannock, Mrs , 136. See also Doughty

Marest, Rev. Jean Baptiste, 228

Mansfield , 2nd Earl of, see Stormont

MarketWeighton, Yorks,238n

Markham , Edward, 131 , 132

Markham , Mr, * 124, 168

Markham , Mrs, 136, 137

Marksbury , Som ,4

Marlborough , Wilts, 72n

Marnhull, Dorset, 51, 98, 100, 229n

Marr& Cochrane, Mrs, 223, 224

Marsh, Peter, O.S.B., 110n

Marshalseaprison, Southwark , 19n, 21, 24n

Martin, John, O.S.B., 32

Martin (or Marten or Martyn), Mrs,* 58,105,138,139,206,225, (motherof), 232

Martyr, Peter, 15n

Marvin, Edward, 9n "Mary" (Baines'sservant), 211 , 218

MaryI, 1 , 15, 17

Mary II, 44

Mary Beatrice of Modena, Queen, 37 , 42, 43

Mary, Queen of Scots, 13, 22

Masseyfamily, 29

Massey, Mrs Anne(née Booth), 29n

Mathew , Miss, 168

Mauglen (or Mauglin ), Mr, 186-7

Maunsell family, 32n

Mawhood , Dorothy, 64

Mawhood , Maria, 64

Mawhood , William, 63-4

McAvoy, Margaret, 207-8, 217, 223n

McCann, Michael , 108

McDonnell, Francis, O.F.M. , 78

McHugo, Anthony, 62n, 112n, 178-80

McSweeney, Rev., 235

Mede, "Edd" , 212

Melen , see Melin

Melfort, John Drummond , Earl of, 43

Melin, Augustine , 219-20

Melin, Mrs (wife of Augustine Melin), 219n(?), 220

Mendoza, Bernardino de , 19

Merchant TaylorsSchool , 40

Meredith, Mr, 124 , 125

Metcalf, Rev. Edward, 93 & n, 94, 219

Metcalf, Mr, 137 , 218

Metcalf, Mrs, 211, 212 , 223, 228 , 230

Metcalf, Mrs Teresa (wife of Thomas Metcalf), 73, 108

Metcalf, William, 136

Mews, Peter (Bishop), 38

Meynel(1) family, 67, 210

Meynel(1), Mr, 106, 210-11 , 238-9

Meynel(1), Mrs,* 210, 238

Middlesex , 48

Middleton family, 33, 213

Middleton, Frank, 217

Middleton , Mrs (wife of Peter Middleton), 217

Middleton, Peter, 213 ,217

Middleton, William, 131, 132

Midford (& Midford Castle), Som , 86n , 90, 206n , 209n, 232

Millsom, Daniel, 195-6

Milner, Bishop John, 207, 209 ,229

Milton, Berks, 227n

Milverton, Som ., 20

Minns, Bro James, O.S.B., 110n

Mitchell, Mrs, 225

Mitford ,Mr& Mrs, 214

Molineux , Mr, * 125, 215, 216, 232

Molineux, Mrs, 126

Molineux, Seel , 227. See also Molyneux

Molloy, Mrs, 124 , 125

"Molly" (? Bell-tree servant), 143

Molyneux, John Alban, O.S.B. , 209 , 216(?), 232n

Molyneux, Lady, 131 , 133

Monington, Mrs, 124, 125. See also

Monnington

Monmouth, Dukeof, 38

Monmouthshire , 79n, 90 , 135

Monnington, Miss, 106. See also Monington

Montacute , Som , 8, 21

Montague, James(Bishop),28

Moon, John, 213

Moore, Messrs , 106

Moore, Mr, 217, 219

Moore, Mrs, 219, 223-5

Moore, Walter & wife , 226

Mooreton , Sarah, 99. See also Morton

More, Christopher , S.J., 73

More, Mother MaryAugustina , 73

More, Thomas, S.J., 73n

Morgan, Mrs Mary, 202, 204

Morgan, Richard , 217

Morrell, Mr (Rev.), 226

Morrill, Miss, 220

Morris , Mr, 206, 227

Morris, Bishop William Placid, O.S.B., 206n(?), 213n, 222 (?), 227(?), 237, 239( ? )

Morse, Henry, S.J., 24n

Morton,, Mr (PC ), 236 & n . See also Mooreton

Mostyn, C. , 218

Mostyn, Lady (1747), 113 , 114; (1751-4 ), 120-4; ( 1777), 106

Mostyn, Miss,* 131 , 132 , 221

Mostyn, Mr, 124, 125, 218, 221

Mostyn, Mrs, 221

Mostyn, Pierce, 116, 117

Mount Earl, Lady, 223, 224, 226

Moysey, Dr (Archdeacon ),93

Mulcraim , Mrs, 135, 136

Murhill, Wilts, 52

Murphy, James, 76, 108

Murphy, Mr (Catholic schoolmaster ), 89

Musson, John, S.J., 72

Muttlebury, John Placid, O.S.B., 3n

Nacqten, Mrs, 135, 136

Nagle, Colonel, 221

Nagle, David, 105 , 107

Nagle, Joseph, 105

Nagle, Mr, 178, 232-3

Nash, Richard ("Beau"), 48-9, 92

Naylor, John Joseph Placid, O.S.B., 57-9, 62, 63, 66, 67, 75 , 76, 110n , 111-2, 129-39, 167-83

Nechills , William Bernard, O.S.B., 110n

Needham, Mr, 176

NetherStowey, Som., 8

Netherton, Lancs. , 217

Nevell, Henry, 30n

Nevill, Mrs Frances I, 30n, 36n

Nevill, Mrs Frances II, 61n

Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, 207, 209 , 215

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 83n

Newgate prison, 33

Newman, Baron, 168

Newman, Edward,99 , 101

Newport, diocese, 97

Newsham "junior" (? Rev. Charles Newsham), 239

NewtonAbbot, Devon, 228n

Newton St Loe, Som , 75n, 101n , 104

Nihell, Dr, 206

Nihell, Miss, 218 , 229

Nihell, Mrs, 207, 212, 214, 218-22 , 226, 229, 231-33 , 235

Noke, Mr, 206

Noke, Mrs, 205

Norfolk, 24n

Norfolk, Edward Howard , 9thDukeof 67, 105; Thomas, 8th Duke of, 47, 48, 50(?)

Norfolk,Mary(néeShireburn ), Duchess of, 48, 49

Norris, Miss, 231

Northbrook(e), John (Rev.), 5 & n

North Duffield, Yorks, 11

Northumberland , 83n

Northy, Mr & Mrs , 138

Norton St Philip, Som . , 9, 45, 60, 75n

Norwich, 24n

Nottingham, diocese , 97

Nugent , Colonel , 118

Nugent, John Burningham , 229

Nugent, Lady ("Countess"), 210, 214 , 219,223,226,235

O'Brien, Captain , 214

O'Brien, Mr, 74

O'Callighan , Dennis, 232. See also Callaghan

O'Connor (or O'Conner ), Mr, * 211 , 230

O'Driscol, Mrs, 204

O'Flaherty, Mr, 105

Old Down, Som , 85n

Phelps, William , 21

Philip II, of Spain, 19n

Philips, Mr, 203-4, 227

Phillips , John, 108

Old Hall Green (St Edmund's, Ware), Philips , Samuel Maurus , O.S.B., 227n 239 -

O'Neil(1), (artist), 83, 239

Orpwood , Mr & Mrs, 133, 134 , 182

Osborne, Mr, 226

Osborne; Osburne, Mrs, 212, 218, 224

Owen, John , 124n

Oxford University, 3 , 24, 25

Oxfordshire , 11, 12 , 34 , 66

Page, J., 212& n

Palatinate, The, 28

Palmer, John, 187

Panting, John, S.J., 84n

Parfitt, Rev. Charles, 86n, 206n

Parham, John , 27n

Paris, 19, 62, 110-2, 128n , 178 & n , 181 , 183

Parker, Henry, O.S.B., 110n

Parker, James, S.J., 216n , 217(?)

Parker, Matthew(Archbishop), 4, 5n

Parker, Mr, 117, 138, 139, 216

Parkham, Devon, 34

Parlington , Yorks , 56n

Parry, Rev. Pierce, 163

Parsons , RobertI, S.J. , 21, 32

Parsons , Robert II, S.J. , (alias Briant or Richardson ), 32

Paston family, 49, 129

Paston, Captain, 129, 130

Paston, Clement , 105, 138, 139

Paston, John, 49

Paston, Mr, 129, 131, 132 , 134-5 , 182

Paston, Mrs, 131, 132, 138 , 182

Paston, Mrs (wife of William Paston), 133

Paston, Mrs Mary, 36

Paston, William , 113, 114, 133

Pattrick, John 231

Pat(t)rick, Mr, 203, 204, 220, 220, 229-

30

Peach , Mr, 207

Peach, R.E.M., 111

Peel(?), AmeliaMaria, 108

Pembridge, Michael, O.S.B., 67, 68n , 70, 71-2 & n, 112, 178, 184

Pendrill, Mr, 113, 114

Penswick, Bishop Thomas ,216

Pepper, Mrs , 125, 127, 168. See also Pippard

Percival, Mr, 227

Perryn, Sir Richard, 70

Pepys, Samuel, 35n

Persons , see Parsons

Perthyre (Perthir), Mon. , 135

Phelan, Mr & Mrs, 210

Phipps, Miss, 222

Phipps, Mr, 220 , 222

Phipps, Mrs, 220 , 222,227

Phipps, Thomas, 222

Piers, William (Bishop), 31

Piggot(t), Mrs, 127 , 128

Pippard, Mrs, 118, 119, 159. See also Pepper

Pitt, William, Earl ofChatham , 92

Pius V, Pope, 6n

Pius IX, Pope, 97

Pleuras(?), Mr, 150

Plowden family, 72, 77

Plowden , Robert, S.J., 84n

Plunket, Mrs Edgcumb,204

Plunkett, Margaret , 108

Plunkett, Mr, 214

Plymouthdiocese, 97

Poore, see Power

Pope, Alexander , 48, 49, 54n, 92

Pope, James Alexius, O.S.B., 215(?) & n, 217(?)

Pope, Mr, 215

Pope, Richard , O.S.B., 215 (?)& n

Popham, General, 230

"Popish Plot" , 35n , 37-9

Population , Bath& Catholic , 79-80

Porter, Mrs Catherine , 106

Porter, Mrs Frances, 106

Porter, John, 105

Porter, Mr, 73 , 171

Porter, Mrs, 70n

Porter, Mrs (ofBelmont), 106

Porter, Sir Stanier, 198

Portsmouth , 228n

Powel, Philip, O.S.B., 31-2

Power, John & wife, 41, 46, 99 , 100

Powys, Marquis & Marchioness of, 48

Poynter, Bishop William, 78

Pratt, John Jeffreys (later Marquis of Camden), 186

Preshute, Wilts,, 45

Price, James Bernard, O.S.B., 56, 113, 114

Princethorpe , Warwicks , 237n

Prior Park, see Bath

Priston , Som , 4, 9

Pritchard , Mr,227

Privy Council, 10, 11, 16, 17 , 18 , 20 , 35,44

Prynne, William , 36-7

Quin, Andrew , 212, 220(?)

Quin, James, 200

Quyneo, Anne, 52, 98

INDEX

Quyneo, Bernard, O.S.B., 52, 54

Radstock , Som ., 85

Raleigh, see Rawlee

"Rama" , "Ramath" , etc., see Walmesley, Bishop

Raphael family, 97

Raphael, Alexander , M.P. , 96

Rawlee, Ann, 36n

Rawlee, Elizabeth , 36n

"Read" (or "Reed"), "John" , 42n

Reeve, Mr, 217, 237

Reino, Mrs Ann, 203. See also Renau

Relly, James, S.J. , 42n

Renau, Miss, 203n

Rey, Rev. Antonio (Rosminian), 94n

Rheims, English College (Douai )at, 19 , 24, 26n

Rheims, Universityof,24

Rice, Alice, 134

Rice , Miss , 134

Rich, Mr, 138 , 139

Richardson , Mrs, 213. See also Parsons

Riddell, Miss, 203, 209,230

Riddell, Mr, 230

Riddell, Mrs, 202-3 , 213, 219 , 222, 226, 231

Rigby, John Bede , O.S.B. , 72

Rimmer, Rev. Richard , 232, 236

Risdon , Giles, 34

Rishton, Thomas Clement , O.S.B. (& wife), 81, 213 , 231

Robinson & Hall (Bath carpenters), 178-9

Robinson , Mrs Elizabeth (wife of William Robinson ), 108

Robinson , Henry, 225n

Robinson , John, 106

Robinson , Martha , 108

Robinson , Miss, 207 , 209

Robinson , Mr, 106, 210, 219 , 225

Robinson , Mrs , 225

Robinson , Thomas Gregory, O.S.B., 82, 207-9,210(?), 211,214-6, 219(? )

Robinson , William, 76 , 107

Rocksavage, George James, Earl of (& wife), 209

Rodborough , Glos , 209

Rolling, Thomas Augustine , O.S.B., 81 , 222

Rome, 15, 26n, 75, 79n, 95-7

Rome, English College, 27, 90

Roncy, de, see Rounsey

Rooker, Rev. Thomas, 93 & n , 94, 97 , 237 (? )

Rose family (ofYork), 238

Rosminians (Fathers of Charity), 94-5

See also Sisters of Providence

Rounsey, Mme de , 232

Rowe family, 30 , n132

Rowe, John, 132, 133

Rowe , Mrs (?), 30n

Rudderham , BishopJoseph, 91n

Rutland, Lady (1605), 25n

Ryan, Daniel , 108, 213

Ryan, Mr, 210-12

Sadler, Theodore, 39n

Salford(Hall?), Warwicks , 215

Saltford, Som , 4

Salisbury, 15n, 16, 106

Salisbury , first Earl of, see Cecil, Robert

Saltmarsh family, 77

Salvin, Miss, 238

Sandford , Miss, 235

Sandford Orcas, Dorset , 27n

Saunders, Mr, 185

Sawston, Cambs , 61n , 223n

Sayer, Miss, 134 , 135

Scandinavia , 3

Scarisbrick , Mrs, 123

Scarisbrick , William, 133 , 134

Scot, Bishop Cuthbert, 17

Scro(o)pe, Kitty, 239

Scro(o)pe, Simon(?), 239

Scudamore, John, S.J., 73, 169 & n(?)

Scudamore, Mr, 169

Seaforth , Lady, 48

Segar , Mrs, 61n

Selby, Harriet, 226

Selby, Marie, 211, 214, 231, 237

Selby, Mrs, 237, 238

Selby, Mrs (wife ofWalterSelby), 217

Selby, Sister Placida, 226n

Selby, Ralph, 237

Selby, Walter, 217

Selby, William , 225

Semley, Wilts., 49n

Senior (Rev.) & wife, 232-3

Seymour , Hobart(Rev.), 85

Shann, Austin, O.S.B. , 89n

Sharrock , Bishop Gregory, O.S.B., 71 , 72n , 78-9

Sharrock , John Dunstan , O.S.B. , 181-2

Shaw , Miss ,20

Shaw , Ralph Maurus, O.S.B., 110m

Sheffield, 221n, 223, 232, 237

Sheldon family, 72

Sheldon, Mr, 168

Sheldon , Mrs, 114 , 115

Sheldon, William , 114 , 115

Sheppard, Joyce, 46

Shepton Mallet, Som., 59, 70n , 84n , 107n, 192, 231

Sherstone, John, 16

Sherwood , Mrs Anne, née Morse (wife of Dr John Sherwood II) 24n

Sherwood , Elizabeth, 26n

Sherwood , Mrs Elizabeth , née Tregian (wife of Henry Sherwood I), 24n, 25 , 26n

Sherwood , Henry I, 24n , 26n

Sherwood , Henry II, 27n

Sherwood , Rev. Henry, 25, 26n, 27n

Sherwood, John, 26n, 27

Sherwood , Dr John I, 16, 23-8, 34

Sherwood , Dr JohnII, 24n

Sherwood , John, S.J., 26nn

Sherwood , Bro John , O.S.B., 32

Sherwood , Mary, 24 , 27 , 28

Sherwood , Mrs Mary, née Knowell(wife of Dr John Sherwood I), 27 ,28

Sherwood , Philip, 34

Sherwood , Dr Reuben, 23n, 24n

Sherwood , Rev. Richard , 25 , 26 , 27 ,

Sherwood , Robert, O.S.B., 26, 27, 32

Sherwood , Thomas, 25, 26n

Sherwood , Thomas, S.J., 26n, 27, 32

Sherwood , William Elphege, O.S.B., 27 , 32

Shillott, Charles, 195

Shireburnfamily, 48, 52n

Shockerwick , Som , 40

Short, Mrs, 224

Shrewsbury, diocese,97

Shrewsbury , Duke& Duchessof (1706), 48

Shropshire , 50n, 124n

Sidmouth, Devon ,209n

Simon, AbbéAlexandre Julien, 225

Simpson, John Benedict , O.S.B., 181n

Simpson, John Cuthbert, O.S.B., 59n , 70 , 176

Singers, see Smith,Mary

Sion Hill, Yorks., 237

Sion House, see Lisbon Sisters of Providence (Rosminian ), 89-90

Slack (?Stack), Mrs, 229 , 230

Slater, The Misses, 208, 216-7

Slater, Mrs, 207-9, 215, 216, 219

Sloper, Simon, 36

Sloper, Mrs Winifred, née Kemish (wife of Simon Sloper), 36n

Slyman, Henry, 7, 28n

Smith, Ann, 108

Smith, Anthony, 108

Smith, Sir Edward , see Smythe

Smith, Jacob, 195

Smith, Rev. James (& Rev.), 53& n

Smith(or Smyth), Rev. John, 65-6

Smith, (?Smythe ), Lady, 118, 119

Smith (or Singers),Mary, 101

Smith, Mrs, 212

Smith, Peter, 108

Smith, Bishop Richard , 30

Smith, Bishop Thomas, 238-9

Smyth, Rev. John; see Smith

Smythe family, 72, 77. See also Smith

Smythe, Sir Edward, 105, 120, 121 , 124

Smythe, Walter, 106, 124n

Somerset (and placesthereinotherthan Bath), 2n, 3 & nn, 4, 6-10, 14 , 15n , 16n, 18-19 & n , 20 & n, 21 & n , 22, 23 & n, 25n, 27, 29-32, 34, 35nn , 36, 38n, 39, 40, 43, 45, 46, 59-61, 64, 69, 70 & n, 72n, 75n, 76n , 77 & n, 79, 84n, 85, 86n, 90, 92-4 ,96, 98-9, 101n, 104, 107-9, 141 , 178n , 189, 192, 195, 197, 198, 206n, 209n, 213-4 , 215 & n, 222, 224-7 , 231, 232 & n, 236, 237

Sommery, Marquis de ,228

Sommery, Miss, 223

Sommery , Mme de, 203, 204 , 227 , 230

Sotheby, Mr & Mrs, 219

Southampton , 14

Southcote,family, 36

Southcote , SirEdward, 36

Southcott, Mrs, 106

Southwell, Mr, 123

Southworth, Rev. John, 15

Southworth, SirJohn , 14-16

Spain, 14, 22

Speke, George, 40

Speke, Mrs Margaret, 40

Spencer, Daniel, O.S.B., 110n

Spencer, Joseph, 86

Spencer, Mr (Catholic schoolmaster), 81

Spetchley, Worcs , 72

Spetisbury , Dorset, 228

Spooner, Rev. Samuel, 231

Stack, see Slack

Stafford,Archdeaconry , 10n

Staffordshire , 12, 50n, 84n, 207, 209, 215

St Alban's, Herts , 96

Standerwick , Wilts, 222

Standish, Lancs , 56n, 215n

Standish, Edward , 105

Standish, Mr, 138

Stanhope, James, Earl, 45

Stanley, Elizabeth , 108

Stanley, Henry, 137

Stanley, Mr, 135

Stapleton family, 49

Stapleton , John, 49, 116, 117

Stapleton , Mrs Mary (wife of Nicholas Stapleton , formerly Errington), 49

Stapleton , Mr, 58, 115, 116 , 117 (& sister), 120, 121, 145 , 147

Stapleton , Thomas, 116 , 117

St Decuman's, Watchet, Som ., 9n

St Donat's, Glam , 14

Steare, Robert Benedict , O.S.B., 56, 118, 119, 121, 122, 139, 153-4 , 158

Stibbs, Dr George, 100-101

Stibbs, John , jun , 46, 100-101

Stibbs, John, sen , 46

Still, John (Bishop), 9 , 19 &n

Stillington, William, 12n

Stockeld , Yorks. , 131

Stockton-on-Tees, 238

Ston Easton, Som , 76n

Stone, Staffs, 209

Stonor, Oxon, 66

Stonor family, 12, 65, 67, 77. Seealso

Canning

Stonor, Lady Cecily, 6n, 11 , 34n

Stonor, Charles, 66, 105

Stonor, Elizabeth(Betty), 131, 133

Stonor, Sir Francis, 33-4

Stonor, John, 66, 105, 131, 132, 138

Stonor(Stoner) Miss , 226

Stonor, Mr, 171

Stonor, Mrs (ofWinchester ), 105

Stonor, Mrs (wife of John Stonor), 137

Stonor, Thomas, 131 , 132

Stonyhurst , Lancs , 48

Stormont, David Murray, Viscount (later 2nd Earl of Mansfield ), 184, 198-9

Story, Mr, 238

Stourton, Wilts , 21, 84n

Stourton family, 52, 55n

Stourton, Botolph, 52

Stourton, Mrs Catherine, née Frampton (wife of Charles Stourton), 52n

Stourton, Charles, 52n

Stourton, John, O.S.B., 52n

Stourton, Lady (1777), 106

Stourton, Lord (11th & 12th Barons), 52nn ; (1777), 106; (1818), 237 (& son?)

Stourton, Mary, Lady, née Langdale, widow of 17th Lord Stourton, 231

Stourton, Thomas , O.S.B., 52n

Stourton, William, 52 & n

Stradling , Sir Thomas , 14-15

Stratford, see Cratford

Stratton StMargaret , Wilts , 45, 100

Street, Mr, 194

Strickland, Mrs, 219-20, 235 , 236

Strutter, Mrs, 83, 202

Strype , Rev. John, 19

Suffield, Mr, 137

Suffield, Mrs, 113 , 114

Suffield, Thomas, 135 , 136

Suffolk, 33

Sullivan, Mr, 210, 226

Sunderland , Co. Durham, 238

Sunderland , Robert Spencer, Earl of, 43

Surrey, 19n, 62 , 112 , 182

Surrey, Earl of (1777), 106

Swainswick , Som , 156

Swift, Miss, 204, 205, 212, 214 , 222-4, 229 , 232

Swynnerton , Staffs , 84n

Sydenham family, 18, 19n, 21n , 32n

Sydenham, Sir John, 18

Symmons, Mrs, 120 , 121

Symons, Mr, 187

Syon House, see Lisbon

Talbot, John, 11

Talbot, Miss, 203 , 204 , 229

Talbot, Mr, 237

Tate, Joseph, S.J. , 205, 233-4

Taunton, Som, 2n, 4, 21, 70, 72n , 79n, 109, 195

Taverner, Rev. Edward (alias John Davis, or Banister), 54n

Taylor, Mrs Barbara, 225

Taylor, Fanny, 224, 227 (?) .

Taylor, Miss, 222, 229, 234, 237

Tempest, Mr, 113, 114 , 117

Tempest, Rev. Robert, 26

Tewkesbury , Glos , 209, 217

Teynham , Lady, 168

Thebault , Abbé, 209

Thimelby (or Ashby), Richard , S.J. , 37

Thirsk, Yorks., 237

Thompson , Nathaniel ,42n

Thomson, Mrs Lucy, 133 , 134

Thornton, Mr, 127 , 128

Thrale, Mr & Mrs, 68n , 69

Throckmortonfamily, 6n, 72, 77, 217n

Throckmorton, George, 108

Throckmorton, Mrs, 106

Throckmorton, Mrs (wife of William Throckmorton), 232

Throckmorton, Thomas (1780), 70; Sir Thomas (1809), 80

Thurstaston , Cheshire , 10

Tibeaux , see Thebault

Tichbornefamily, 49

Tichborne, Sir Henry, 119

Tichborne , Lady, 118

Tinney, Mr, 233

Tiverton, Devon, 95n

Tobin, John , 107

Tobin, Mrs Mary (wife of John Tobin), 108

Tournai,21

Towneleyfamily, 6n, 47

Towneley, Francis, 47

Towneley , William, 61n

Trafford, Humphrey , 135 , 136

Trant(?), Margaret Mary, 108

Tregian, Francis, 25

Trent, Som , 8

Trimmell (or Trimnell) Mr, 205, 227

INDEX

Trowbridge , Wilts, 222

Tucker, John I, 10

Tucker, John II, 51n

Tuite, John, 136 , 137

Tuit(e), Mr, 168

Tuit(e), Mrs, 118, 119

Tulley, J. , 231n

Tully, Mrs, 231

Tunstall, Mrs (servant of), 211

Turner, John, O.S.B., 110n

Twerton, see Bath

Twickenham , 48

Udall, John , 9n

Ullathorne, Archbishop William Bernard ,90, 96

Unsworth, Mrs, 224, 231

Ushaw, Co. Durham , 239

Valentine, Bro Joseph, O.S.B., 110n

Valentine, Mrs, 226

Valgassier, Abbé Alexis, 213 & n , 235

Vandercame, Mrs, 134, 135

Vaughan family, 67, 77

Vaughan, John, 105

Vavasour family , 49, 135

Vavasour, Peter, 136

Vavasour, Sir Walter, 106, 135

Victoria, Queen, 212n

Virtue, Mr, 167 , 168

Voxwell, Mr, 168

Wade, General George, 43

Wadham family, 32n

Wakefield, Yorks, 236-7

Wakeman, Sir George, 37

Waldegravefamily, 43

Waldegrave, Sir Edward , 7

Waldegrave, Dr William ,43

Wales (& places therein), 52, 54 , 76, 90, 107n

Walgallia, see Valgassier

Walker, George Augustine , O.S.B., 62n, 110n, 112

Walker , John ,8

Wallace, James, 198

Walmesley, Bishop Charles, O.S.B., 59 , 60-61 , 64, 66n, 69, 70-71, 75, 76, 78-9,105 (2), 106-8,112,129 , 130(?), 135,136-7,138-9,168 (? ), 182

Walmesley, James, 182

Walmesley, Mr (? Bishop), 105 , 130 , 138 , 168, 182

Walsh, Constantia , 108

Walsh, Mrs Eleanora (wife of Pierce Walsh), 107

Walsh, Miss (& servant), 205, 220, 225

Walsh, Pierce, 107

Walsingham, Sir Francis , 11

Walters, see Duviviers

Walton family, 32n

Warblington, Hants , 11

Warburtonfamily, 29

Warburton , Sir John, 29n

Warburton , William (Bishop), 92

Wardour, Wilts , 136

Ware(StEdmund's ), see Old HallGreen

Warmington , Rev. William & father , 21n

Warminster , Wilts , 76n

Warmoll, John Bernard, O.S.B., 62, 67 , 71n, 125, 127 , 158

Warren, Lucy, 225, 232

Warren, Mrs, 206

Warrington , Lancs, 232n

Warrington , Earl of; see Booth, Henry

Warwickshire , 6n, 17, 168, 207, 215, 217,223 , 233, 236, 237n

Wassall, Thomas Benedict, O.S.B.,214n , 215(?)

Wassell ,Mr, 214-5

Watchet, Som.; see St Decuman's

Waters, see Duviviers

Waters, Mrs Elizabeth (wife ofThomas Waters), 39n

Waterton , Mrs"Chris" , 207, 208

Webb, Mrs Dorothy (wife of William Webb), 99

Webb, Lady, 61n

Webb, Mrs, 57, 58, 130-4, 136-7 , 163, 177

Webb, William, 99, 100

Weeble, Messrs. , 106

Welby, Miss, 231

Welby, Mr, 225 , 226

Welby, Mrs , 231

Welch, Mr, 128

Weld, Mrs, 74

Weld, CardinalThomas , 80

Weldon, Mr, 106

Wellow , Som ., 60, 206 , 215n

Wells, Som , 3 & n, 4, 6, 9 & n, 14 , 15n, 16n, 32, 39, 46, 59, 69, 189 , 197, 198. See also Bath & Wells diocese

Wesley, Samuel, 110n

Westall, Mrs, 203, 218, 225

Westbury, Wilts, 220

West Harptree , Som , 75n

Westminster Abbey, 17-18, 33

Westmorland , 5

Weston, Som ., see Bath

Weston , Warwicks ., 168

Weston, Miss, 210

Weston, Mr, 210, 213, 215 , 219-20, 222-4,226-8,230-1

Weston, Mrs, 213, 226

Weston, Webbe, 225, 227 (?)

Weston, William, S.J., 21

INDEX

Wheble, see Weeble

Wheeler, Mrs, 52n

Whickham , Mrs, 219

White, A(?), 234

White, Captain , 226

Whitelackington , Som , 2n, 3n

Whitgift, John (Archbishop), 22,23

Whitmore, John, 10

Whittaker , Mr, 210-14 ,219

Whittel, Roger Joseph, O.S.B., 56, 120, 121,122,153,158

Wickham, Thomas, 39n, See alsoWhickham

Widdrington, Mr, 56, 120, 121

Widdrington , Hon William Tempest, 56

Wilkes, Mrs, 220

Wilks , Joseph Cuthbert, O.S.B., 66n , 71, 112, 183, 217n

Willan, Mrs, 204, 205, 220, 227, 229, 232, 233, 235

William III,44

WilliamIV , 211n

Williams, Anselm, O.S.B., 53-4

Williams,Miss, 106

Williams , Mr, 115, 116

Willoughby, Miss, 207, 228, 229, 232

Willoughby, Mr, 213

Willoughby, Mrs, 228, 229, 232, 234

Wilmot, Miss, 212, 218 , 233

Wilson, Joseph Peter, O.S.B., 89n, 206n

Wiltshire, 15n, 16, 21, 30, 31 , 40, 45, 49, 51n, 52, 54, 55n, 56, 60, 65, 69, 72n, 75n, 76n, 84n, 90, 98n, 100, 106, 136, 189, 205, 220, 222, 228

Wiltshire, Mr, 195

Wiltshire, Walter, 199

Winchcombe , John, 34n

Winchester, 31n , 32, 105

Winscomb, see Grove

Winsley, Wilts., 52

Wisbech, Cambs , 16, 17

Wiseman, Cardinal Nicholas , 82, 85-6, 94 , 97

Wittaker , see Whittaker

Wollascott, Mr, 115

Wolverhampton , 207, 209, 215

Wood, Antony, 24

Wood, John, theElder, 25; theYounger, 72

Wood, Miss, 225

Woodison (? Wooddeson), Mr, 235

Woolton, Lancs., 216n, 234

Woolverton , Som , 45

Wootton Bassett, Wilts, 65

Worcester, 50n, 207, 209

Worcestershire , 11, 50n, 72, 203n , 207 , 209 , 215 , 217

Worsley, John Clement, O.S.B., 89

Wright family, 211

Wright,Anthony, 105

Wright , Captain , 226

Wright , Catherine , 203, 204

Wright, Eliza, 225 , 235

Wright, John, 132, 203, 210-12 , 214 , 219-20,225,229-33,235

Wright, Mary, 229

Wright, Miss, 203, 204, 211, 213, 214, 219, 221,231,235,238

Wright, Mr, 223

Wright, Mrs, 210, 213, 225, 238

Wright, Mrs (wife of John Wright), 203-6, 215, 221, 223, 224, 226-7, 230, 235, 236

Wright, "Mrs" (? Messrs.), 170

Wroughton , Miss, 74 , 240

Wyatt, James, 228

Wyburne, Henry, O.S.B., 126-7 , 132, 160-2, 167

Wyndham, Sir William , 45

Yarm, Yorks, 238

York, 1 , 5n, 11 , 12, 18, 32, 73n , 83n, 84n, 237-9

York, Bishop Laurence , O.S.B., 47, 54, 55, 59, 73n, 166, 168 , 176

Yorkshire, 1 , 5n, 10n, 11, 12, 32 , 33 , 56n , 61n, 72n, 73n, 77n, 81, 83n , 86n, 88, 92-4, 131, 137n, 178n, 213n, 219, 221n, 222n, 223, 227, 231, 232 & n, 234, 236-9

Young, Rev. John, 16

Young, Mr, 137