Could Have Been Avoided

for communicating the design intent for grading are embodied in the technical drawings (grading plans, sections, and details) and the technical specifications (earthwork section).

encounters in the field of Grading: problems that could have Been avoided

Figure 2.5-a Ponding of storm water. This is the result of either ground settlement or an increase of storm water runoff with the installation of new pavement on adjacent areas.

Figure 2.5-C Inadequate design of the water diversion channel was exacerbated by lack of ground cover maintenance with highly erosive soil Figure 2.5-B Ponding occurred as a result of either inadequate grading or subsequent ground settlement

Figure 2.5-d This steep and poorly maintained planted slope has resulted in soil erosion from the concentration of water runoff from the adjacent parking area

Figure 2.5-e Poor subbase installation has resulted in paving failure

Figure 2.5-G Caution, Flooding. Often, drainage problems such as those occurring in this parking lot are as much the result of poor planning as they are of poor design. In this case, a parking lot in this location should probably have been avoided and instead placed on higher ground or outside the natural flow of surface water. Figure 2.5-F Erosion is seen on slope where unplanned foot traffic has occurred

Figure 2.5-h With a well-designed and executed grading plan, runoff water goes where it was designed to go: towards an area catch basin