ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻋﺪم اﻟﺮﺟﻮع
ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒ ِﺔ ﺢ ﻂ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ َ ،ﻳﺴْﻤ َ ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔِ ،أَو ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻮدةُ ،ﻣ َﺮآﱠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻧﻈﻤ ِﺔ ﺧ ِ ي ﺐأ ّ ﻂ وﻟﺬا ﻻ ﻳَﺘﻄّﻠ ُ ﺨﱠ ﻖ ﻓﻲ إﺗّﺠﺎ ِﻩ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ .ﺗﻌﻤﻞ آﻠ ﱠﻴًﺎ ﺑﺮ ﱢد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ إﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﻞِ اﻟ َ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻓ ِ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ. ﻖ أﻣﺎﻣﻲَ، ﻦ ﺗﺪﻓ َ ﻖ ُﻳ َﻌﻴّ ُ إﺗّﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ِﻣﻦْ اﻟﺘﺪﻓ ِ ﻲ ﻖ ﻋﻜﺴ ُ ﺲ ﺗﺪﻓ ُ .ﺗﺪ ّﻓﻖْ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺗّﺠﺎ ِﻩ اﻟﻤﻌﺎآ ِ ﻦ ب ﻹﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎتِ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔِ ،اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗَﺘﻀﻤّ ُ :هﻨﺎك ﻋﺪد ِﻣﻦْ اﻷﺳﺒﺎ ِ ﻦ َأنْ ﺗُﺆ ّﺛ َﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖِ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲِ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖِ، *ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺎدة اﻷﺟﻬﺰ ِة اﻟﺘﻲ ُﻳﻤْ ِﻜ ُ *.ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ واﻟﻤﺼﺎﻓﻲ ت اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔِ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ،ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ ﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮا ِ ﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒ َ *ﻟﺘَﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺟﻴﺸﺎن اﻟﻀﻐ َ ﻂ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ و أﺳﻔﻞ أﻧﺒﻮب ﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻀﻐ ِ ﻦ َأنْ ﺗُﺴ ّﺒ َ ت اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴ ِﺔ ُﻳﻤْ ِﻜ ُ ﻣﺎ ِء هﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﻮا ِ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ .اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻣﺒﻌﺜﺮ ُة ن *.ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﻔﻴﻀﺎ ِ ق اﻟﻨﻈﺎ ِم ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻏﻼ ِ ﻖ اﻟﻌﻜﺴ ِ *.ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺪﻓ ِ ﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴ ِﺔ *.ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺪﻓ ِ غ ط اﻟﻔﺮا ِ *.إﻏﺎﺛﺔ ﺷﺮو ِ ﺐ أنْ ﺠ ُ ﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎً ،هﻲ ﻻ َﻳ ِ ﻖ ﻋﻜﺴ َ ﻦ َأنْ َﺗﺴْ ﱠﺪ ﺗﺪﻓ َ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎتِ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒ ِﺔ ُﻳﻤْ ِﻜ ُ ﺗُﺴﺘَﻌﻤَﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﺻﻤﺎ ِم ﻋﺰل ﻹﺣﺘِﻮاء اﻟﺒﺨﺎ ِر اﻟﺤﻲﱢ ،ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻹﻧﺒﻮبِ. ت اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒ ِﺔ آَﻤَﺎ هﻮ اﻟﺤَﺎل َﻣ َﻊ ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎتِ اﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔِ ،هﻨﺎك ﻋﺪد ِﻣﻦْ ﺗﺼﺎﻣﻴ ِﻢ ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎ ِ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔُِ ،آﻞّ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻴّﻨﺔ. ع اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔَ ﻟﺼﻤﺎ ِم اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒ ِﺔ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗِﻪ ُﻣﻨَﺎﻗَﺸﺔ ﻓﻲ ن اﻷﻧﻮا َ إّ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﺣﺪةِ ،ﻣﻊ ﻃﺮﻳﻘ ِﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺠﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ
ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻣﺮاﻗﺒ ِﺔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻣﺮاﻗﺒ ِﺔ اﻟﺮﻓ ِﻊ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎتِ اﻟﻜﺮة اﻷرﺿﻴﺔِ ،ﻣﺎﻋﺪا ذﻟﻚ ص َأو اﻟﺴﺪادة ﺗُﺸ َﺘﻐَﻞ ﺁﻟﻴًﺎِ . اﻟﻘﺮ ِ ج واﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻣِﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻣﺨﺮوط ﻣﺸﻜّﻼ ﺳﺪاد ًة ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪة ﻓﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺮ َ ﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺎً؛ ﻓﻲ ﺑَﻌْﺾ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎتِ ،اﻟﺴﺪادة َﻗﺪْ ُﺗﺤْ َﻤ ُ ﻞ ﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﺋ ِ ﻖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻤﺎ ِم ﻓﻲ اﻹﺗّﺠﺎ ِﻩ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲَِ ،ﻳﺮْﻓ ُﻊ ﺿﻐ َ ن اﻟﺘﺪﻓ َ ﻧﺎﺑﺾ ﻣﻘﻌﺪهﺎ .ﻣﺘﻰ إ ّ ﺢ اﻟﺼﻤﺎ َم. ط ِﻣﻦْ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﻩ َ ،ﻳﻔْﺘ ُ اﻟﻤﺨﺮو َ ط إﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﻌﺪِﻩ وﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖِ اﻟﻌﻜﺴﻲَِ ،ﻳﻌُﻮ ُد اﻟﻤﺨﺮو َ ﻲ ﻖ اﻟﻌﻜﺴ ِ .ﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓ ِ اﻟﺘﻴﻨﺔ ١٢.٣.١ .أي ﺻﻤﺎم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒ ِﺔ ﻣﺼﻌ ِﺪ ﻟﻸﻣﺎم