4.3. Recommendations for Capacity Building

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Regional Fund

The Africa Climate Change Fund (ACCF): the ACCF aims to support African countries transition to climate resilient and lowcarbon mode of development, as well as scale-up their access to climate finance. The ACCF serves as a catalyst with a scope broad enough to cover a wide range of climate-resilient and low-carbon activities across all sectors. Priority for funding is given to the following themes; supporting small-scale or pilot adaptation initiatives to build resilience of vulnerable communities; and supporting direct access to climate finance.

The ACCF gives grants and launches calls for proposals periodically. The Secretariat is housed at the African Development Bank. National / County Mechanism

The Kenya County Climate Change Fund (CCCF) Mechanism: Five county governments; Garissa, Isiolo, Kitui, Makueni and Wajir have established County (CCCF) that identify, prioritise and finance investments to reduce climate risk and achieve adaptation priorities. This improves counties’ readiness to access and disburse national and global climate finance to support community-prioritised investments to build climate resilience. The CCCFs are aligned with national priorities set out in Kenya’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and enable these county governments to strengthen and reinforce national climate change policies while delivering on local adaptation priorities. All five pilot counties have fully institutionalised CCCF within their planning and budgeting processes, committing 1-2% of their development budgets to supporting the implementation of CCCF investments and operationalising structures to govern the fund. This ensures the mechanism is sustainable, with CCCF funding coming from the government exchequer. Post-CCCF, communities demand accountability and strongly influence the choice of investments financed by county development budgets.53 The expansion of the CCCF is one of the priorities in the Kenya National Climate Change Action Plan, 2018-2022. The Isiolo CCCF covered 44 community adaptation investments from the period 2013 to 2016. The projects costed KSh 145 million in total and all together benefited 175,519 people both resident and nonresident of Isiolo and include:

› Development of water infrastructure and training in water governance in support of the multiple customary resource access rules and livestock mobility; › Construction of a radio station to disseminate weather and development information; › Strengthening customary natural resource management institutions - Dedha for improved governance of the rangelands through reviewed rules of access and control including by pastoral groups who regularly visit

Isiolo County; › Improved disease control through the rehabilitation of a decentralized livestock laboratory for disease surveillance and county-wide vaccination programme; › Development of county livestock strategy and resource map with a strong emphasis on building community resilience to climate change.54

The Municipal managers and other municipality staff will be responsible for the overall management and delivery of the SUED value chain and infrastructure projects. Ensuring that these staff have sufficient capacity and skills will thus be of critical importance to the success of the SUED project. The following recommendations have been made based on interactions with municipality staff to date. › Municipal managers could benefit from capacity building on project management and delivery of large projects (as relevant to the UEP) and the community engagement required; › Aside from capacity building of the municipal managers, developing a consolidated project preparation, delivery and monitoring office within the municipality would be beneficial.

Municipality staff could be trained to work in this office and the office would function as a “horizontal” capability, providing specialised project management assistance to projects across all sectors. There are potential capacity building synergies to be realised in conjunction with the World

Bank’s (KUSP) which is also considering related capacity building activities; › As the SUED value chain and climate resilient infrastructure projects involve diverse stakeholder backgrounds and representations, strong governance and strong institutions will be required to effectively manage all stakeholders.

Technical assistance and capacity building to support governance and institutional strengthening is thus also recommended;

53 https://adaconsortium.org/index.php/component/content/article/95-blogs/320-supporting-adaptation-through-local-level-climate-finance-lessons-from-kenya?Itemid=437 54 https://www.adaconsortium.org/images/downloads/isiolo-ICCFinventory%2017_11_2017.pdf

119 ISIOLO URBAN ECONOMIC PLAN

› In order to progress the SUED value chain and climate resilient infrastructure projects, additional investment will need to be secured from a range of public and private sources. Currently, the investment sourcing and investment coordination capacities of the municipality is limited.

Some amount of capacity building efforts should focus on this issue as well as revenue generation and collection activities.

The municipality could also benefit from general commercial development capacity building. The training does not need to be sector specific, and should cover: › Engaging with business; › Developing business linkages; › Developing commercial prospectus; › Building and testing business cases.

Strategic recommendations on how inclusion will be achieved in the implementation of the Isiolo UEP Developing Isiolo into a sustainable Municipality will require Urban Economic Planners and Social Inclusion Experts to make decisions that promote nondiscrimination.

Part of that in Isiolo Municipality will involve inclusion of Special Interest Groups (SIGs) strategically categorised under the umbrella of all gender, all adult-age persons and PWDs; but specifically identified at Municipal level as PWDs, Street families, Commercial Sex Workers, women and youth. To fully harness the potential of sustainable urban development in Isiolo, social inclusion is a basic prerequisite that will be achieved by: a. Stakeholder engagement - Commitment to always engage SIGs throughout the

Programme’s life in Isiolo to give them a chance to be informed, to contribute to decision making, and actively give views on and participate in matters that affect them; b. Age, gender and PWDs-responsive planning - Commitment to promote age, gender and PWDs-responsive planning and implementation by enabling full and meaningful participation of all the identified special interest groups in planning for and implementation of the VC and supportive infrastructure projects; c. Addressing potential sources of conflict e.g. ethnopolitical barriers. The

Programme should ensure engagement, involvement and addressing of the needs of all the social groups in the

Municipality; especially the different ethnic communities to avoid triggering ethnopolitical conflict over the pastoralists feeling left out or over the farmers feeling excluded; d. Capacity building and job creation - Commitment to ensure that for all emerging capacity building and/or employment opportunities available, special interest groups in Isiolo are given equal and fair opportunities to be engaged in training and employment. The capacity building trainings offered should be related to the town’s value chain and/or infrastructure projects.

This will ensure the trained groups can access employment opportunities when available; e. Equal access to urban infrastructure by all - Commitment to facilitate access especially for PWDs and women on an equal basis with others to basic physical and social infrastructure without any form of discrimination; f. Safe, green urban infrastructure - Commitment to develop safe, accessible, green infrastructure projects that promote all people living safely together; g. Social Inclusion Awareness Creation - Commitment to build the Social

Inclusion capacity of all the Programme/

UEP players/stakeholders right from

DFID, Coffey, Atkins, Municipal and

County Staff in Isiolo so that nondiscrimination becomes part of their

DNA; This will be achieved by Coffey creating awareness about Social

Inclusion amongst the larger pool of the Programme’s stakeholders, as they cannot implement a concept, they are not familiar with; h. Social Inclusion monitoring and evaluation - The Programme should develop a Monitoring and Evaluation framework to measure social inclusion progress throughout the project cycle.

Some of the aspects to be checked include and are not limited to: › Number of SIGs invited to the Programme’s workshops; › Number of SIGs recruited into the Programme’s capacity building initiative; Number of SIGs employed by the Programme and; › Attitudinal changes (if any) in the Programme Stakeholders’ perspectives after Social Inclusion workshops etc; i. Programme’s focus should be on Gender (both male and female), Age (all adult age groups including the elderly and youth) and PWDs. These 3 categories provide an intersectionality that will ensure involvement of the special interest groups identified for Isiolo

Municipality and; j. Overall, the Programme should be guided by the principles of inclusive growth and inclusive infrastructure development.

Institutional capacity for enhancing resilience to climate change Climate change is a policy priority for Kenya. Key climate change policies and strategies include Kenya’s Climate Change Act 2016 and National Climate Change Framework Policy, NAP 2015-2030, National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018-2022 and Vision 2030. Climate change has also been embedded in both national and county level policies and strategies. Kenya’s NAP presents the country’s vision on adaptation, key climate vulnerabilities, priority adaptation actions and outlines national and county level

responsibilities. Implementation efforts encompass all sectors of the economy and provide mechanisms for mainstreaming climate action. The implementation of the NAP is focused on both national and county level action (Figure 34 on the following page). While national level actors provide the overarching co-ordination of implementation mechanism, County Governments are responsible for the mainstreaming and implementation of climate action at a county level. Under the policy and regulatory framework of the NCCAP, the priority enabling action of ‘support alignment of county legislation to the Climate Change Act’ is being delivered by; assisting county governments to develop CCCFs regulations which are linked to the national Climate Change Fund. This activity is building on the experience of the five counties that have developed their climate change fund regulations - Isiolo, Makueni, Wajir, Garissa and Kitui.

The operationalisation of the national Climate Change Fund - a priority enabling action for national climate finance and resource mobilisation, has identified funding windows for disbursement including the CCCFs. In addition, the Kenya National Green Climate Fund Strategy recognises County Governments as critical co-financiers who can take the role of executing entities / implementing entities of climate-resilient and low-carbon initiatives. Isiolo County has drafted its Climate Change Fund and Act55 in 2018 as a specific response to the existing national climate change policies, strategies and plans. The objective of the Act is to create a fund in the County for the purpose of facilitating the establishment of a mechanism to finance climate change activities, programs and projects. The County Climate Change Fund strengthens public participation in managing and spending climate finance and in making decisions about adaptation priorities to build their resilience. Actors and Functions

Isiolo County has several governmental actors, NGOs, CBOs faith-based and private organisations engaged directly or indirectly in building resilience to climate risks. The county-level government institutions include the local offices of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Lands, the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD), Kenya Forestry Service (KFS), NEMA, Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), and the NDMA.

The NDMA deals directly with climate change risks by providing early warning information to farmers in collaboration with KMD. Most of the environmental initiatives in the County are coordinated by NEMA, while KWS is responsible for the regulation of livestock movement. Tree planting and controlled bush clearing is coordinated by KFS. The development partners working on climate resilience in the County provide technical advisory services as well as training and include Action Aid, Care Kenya, the UN Adesso Food and Agriculture Organisation, Kenya Red Cross and the World Food Programme among others. The faith-based organisations focus primarily on emergency response including climate disaster management. They also have a development component and link farmers to markets. They include the Anglican Development Service, the Catholic Relief Service and Caritas.

The climate change skills and performance of Isiolo County staff and community members both individually and collectively need to be enhanced to ensure the delivery of the CCCF and that climate change is effectively embedded into County development processes and plans, while at the same time providing support for the interdependent functions necessary for efficient implementation. The availability of sufficient, well equipped and motivated personnel as well as community members is important for translating the climate change adaptation objectives of the CCCF into action. A sufficient headcount of qualified staff for the task at hand will help ensure those appointed are not thinly spread across too many issues.

55 http://assembly.isiolo.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/The-Isiolo-County-Climate-Change-Fund-Act-2018.pdf IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 120

121 ISIOLO URBAN ECONOMIC PLAN

Figure 44 - Climate change institutional coordination structures (Kenya National Adaptation Plan, 2016)

NCCC (Chair=President) To provide overaching national climate change coordination mechanism Parliament Enabling legislation

Ministry (Climate Change Affairs) CS=Secretary to NCCC

Climate Change Directorate 1. Principle Government agency on national climate change actions 2. To serve as the Secretariat to the NCCC

Mainstreaming of Climate Change

National Government Sectoral Agencies (MDAs) Mainstreaming at national level

County Governments NEMA Monitor and enforce compliance

Council of Governors

County Assemblies

County Government Sectorial Agencies Mainstreaming at national level

56 https://www.cpgd2019.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Learning-Paper-Strengthening-Institutional-Capacity.pdf 57 http://www.oecd.org/env/cc/21018790.pdf The Isiolo County Climate Change Planning Committees are elected at the ward and county level. The Ward County Climate Change Planning Committees (WCCPC) are composed of 11 locally elected community members with equal voting rights. Government technical staff are co-opted to provide advice as needed but do not have decision making rights. The county level County Climate Change Planning Committee is made up of representatives from WCCPCs, technical officers from the county government and other stakeholders to strengthen and approve WCCPC proposals for funding. Activities and capabilities to build the capacity of key staff and actors across Isiolo County will underpin its climate resilience objectives. The activities will be centred around the core functions of institutions including authorising, resourcing and delivering climate action56; while the capabilities will be centred around climate-specific capacity needs (human resources and skills, policy integration and participation) and climate-relevant capacity needs (across sectors, policy and market instruments, political economy) within the local context of the County.57

Adaptive Capacity Enhancing the adaptive capacity of Isiolo County will be crucial for its successful climate resilience building overall. This will complement the identification of climate change adaptation measures and the assessment of their costs and benefits. It is recognised that a gradual and phased approach over time will be required to