THE POSSIBILITIES ISSUE
Published since Nov. 21, 1910 Circulation: 5,000 ISSN 0845-356X Suite 3-04 8900 114 St. NW University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J7 Advertising www.f-media.ca
FREE
SEPTEMBER 2018
Editor-in-Chief Arts & Culture Editor Oumar Salifou Jonah Dunch Managing Editor Sofia Osborne
Opinion Editor Andrew McWhinney
Art Director Staff Reporters Jessica Tang Calvin Chan Adam Lachacz Photo Editor Richard Bagan Director of Finance & Administration Online Editor Lukas Adomonis Victoria Chiu Webmaster News Editor Papa Gyeke-Lartey Nathan Fung
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*SOME RESTRICTIONS APPLY
GSJS The Gateway is published by the Gateway Student Journalism Society (GSJS), a student-run, autonomous, apolitical not-for-profit organization, operated in accordance with the Societies Act of Alberta. Copyright All materials appearing in The Gateway bear copyright of their creator(s) and may not be used without written consent.
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DEAR READER, Welcome to our first issue of 2018-19! If you haven’t picked up The Gateway before, we’re the official student journalism society at the University of Alberta. From 1910 to 2016 we published a newspaper, but since then we’ve made the switch to a monthly magazine with daily online content. This year, we’ve decided to theme our monthly magazines and invite student artists, photographers, writers, and designers to interpret these prompts however they’d like. In this way, we hope each magazine will become a showcase for diverse student work from around campus. This month’s theme is possibilities. Whether you’re going into first or fifth year, September is like standing on a precipice — but not in a bad way. This issue is about that feeling: a lot excited, a bit nervous, full of potential. We incorporated this frenetic energy into the issue’s design, from the symbolism of a traffic sign pointing in many directions to the emphasis on motion in the photography. Despite the range of topics covered, it was our goal to create a sense of cohesiveness throughout by adopting an arrow motif, diagonals, and a consistent left to right direction in both illustrations and photography. The greens, yellows, and blues of this issue were also inspired by their collective connotations of growth, new beginnings, and excitement, along with the fact that they appear so much in fall weather. This year is our first time opening up submissions for art, photography, creative writing, and design work from the general student population. We’ve been lucky to have amazing student contributors this month and we hope you find advice and ideas in their stories — and most of all, the feeling that you aren’t alone. If you’re a student who’s interested in volunteering for The Gateway, please check out our meeting times on our website, gtwy.ca. No experience with writing or photography is necessary, and we’re always looking to make new friends. If you’d like to submit any creative work to our magazine, please visit our submissions page. We hope this issue gets you excited about all the possibilities ahead of you. Welcome back to school and good luck! g Sofia Osborne Managing Editor
Jessica Tang Art Director
CONTENTS NOTES
06
Big Brain Plays Get advice from prominent
FEATURES
18
Field School
24
Life Beyond Earth
U of A students and alumni.
08
Making Sense of Student Fees
10
Cultivating Motherhood
Find out where your Students’ Union fees go.
Meet a mom of three who’s balancing parenthood, gardening, and school.
REQUIRED READING
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Arts & Culture Map
17
Knitting in Class
30
Self-Taught
Check out our city’s hottest spots for theatre, music, art, and culture.
Cringe at one student’s mortifying moment in a lecture hall.
Think about taking some time to learn about yourself.
Read a journal from a month-long learning experience in the middle of nowhere.
Explore existential questions about life on Mars, and on Earth.
DIVERSIONS
32
Horoscopes
34
Crossword
36
Comic: Well Said
Learn what your future holds.
Test your U of A knowledge.
Get rebellious with Goblin.
SOYOUNG YU “Self-Taught” Soyoung is a third-year philosophy and women’s and gender studies student. Their hobbies include chopping green onions at three in the morning, napping with their cat Pepper, and reading poetry. If you are their friend, they will randomly cook food or bake goods and bring it to you. They are actively involved in the University of Alberta Debate Society and also help organize the Underrepresented Genders in Philosophy group.
OLIVIA DEBOURCIER “Field School” Olivia is a third-year environmental and conservation sciences student with a major in human dimensions of environmental management. She is both a writer and illustrator, and has been contributing to The Gateway for over a year. She is passionate about science communication and only has a mild obsession with wildlife, which she swears she’s getting under control.
KHADRA AHMED “Cultivating Motherhood” Entering her third year of general sciences, Khadra has been writing for The Gateway for a year. As much as she loves studying cells under a microscope and memorizing human anatomy, Khadra has always had a passion for writing. She finds The Gateway is the perfect platform to channel her creative side and share inspiring student stories.
DANIELLE UPSHALL “Knitting in Class” Danielle is a fourth-year student who will soon be graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Majoring in political science and minoring in English, Danielle enjoys long walks with her dog Cersei, and while she still knits, it’s only from the comforts of her own home. Danielle hopes to sell her knitted pieces one day, and to continue writing stories about her knitting adventures.
ALEXANDER VINCENT “Well Said” Alexander is a fourth-year fine arts student. He is one of those creative types who dedicates his time to illustration, concept art, comic creation, game design, animation, and product design. Currently, he is working on a indie game called Together. g
CONTRIBUTORS SEPTEMBER 2018 | 5
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BIG BRAIN PLAYS Big-wig alumni and students share their advice for surviving and thriving in university. TEXT ANDREW MCWHINNEY ILLUSTRATION JESSICA TANG
PAULA SIMONS DON IVESON Columnist, Edmonton Journal, ’86 BA (Hon) Mayor of Edmonton, ’01 BA The first day of ENGL 200, my professor announced the plays of Shakespeare had actually been written by the lost illegitimate son of Elizabeth I. So I asked for a transfer to another section. I ended up with a fantastic prof, who inspired me to switch my major to English. The moral? It’s OK to switch profs, courses, and majors. Don’t lock yourself into a class you hate.
JAY INGRAM Former host, Quirks and Quarks and Daily Planet, ‘67 BSc Surviving the first year of university? How about all four years? The first line of each of the four verses of Bob Dylan’s “Things Have Changed” explains what it will be like. First verse: “A worried man with a worried mind.” Second verse: “This place ain’t doin’ me any good.” Third verse: “I’ve been walking 40 miles of bad road.” Fourth verse: “I hurt easy, I just don’t show it.” That’s your four years of university right there.
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What you will learn outside the classroom is just as important as what you learn formally. Extracurriculars (for me it was The Gateway) or even the hallway seminar after class — these opportunities matter as much as showing up for class. And if you do it right, some of the people you meet will become your friends, teachers, and coaches for life.
RACHEL NOTLEY Premier of Alberta, ‘85 BA Finding your voice can take time, whether you’re in the legislature or sitting in your undergrad class in the Humanities Centre. I wasn’t a natural public speaker and at first I dreaded being called on by my profs. Be patient and give yourself a break. When you find your voice, the results will be worth it.
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From left to right: Paula Simons, Don Iveson, Rachel Notley, Jay Ingram, Reed Larsen, Elise Noyes, Oumar Salifou, and Yomna Elshamy
YOMNA ELSHAMY
OUMAR SALIFOU
President, Interdepartmental Science Students’ Society (ISSS)
Editor-in-Chief, The Gateway
One thing I learned during my degree, which is extremely valuable, is to give yourself a break. This place can be a great experience if you get yourself involved. I understand that grades are important, however university is much more than courses and is filled with amazing people and opportunities! So take the time to discover that and don’t be too hard on yourself since we are constantly learning and making mistakes.
My best advice for thriving throughout your degree is maintaining your mental, physical, and emotional health, which all play a huge role in academic and overall performance as a student. I’ve had moments throughout my degree where I neglected my health, mostly to compensate for procrastination (late night papers) and bad time management (buying all my food on campus). You’ll become a different person after experiencing university; make sure that person is well-rounded and ready to take on the world!
REED LARSEN ELISE NOYES President, Students’ Union Former president, Music Students’ Association (MSA) The simplest way to ensure success is to go to class. Skip, and you’ll miss learning moments, the context for materials, and exam content. Nobody forces you to go, so it’ll test your will. While you’re in class, talk to peers and professors to build opportunities in your field. Strong relationships lead to more opportunities than your grades (and maybe drinking buddies)!
Expect to work hard. Degrees are expensive and you’ll want to feel like you paid for more than just a piece of paper. That said, pushing yourself to the point of burnout is neither helpful nor healthy. Plan far in advance by looking at your syllabi and scheduling your time accordingly. Doing poorly on an exam or failing a course should not be thought as a stamp on your forehead labeled “failure,” but as a learning experience.
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Making Sense of Student Fees
CENTRAL SUPPORT & SPACE
A breakdown of the SU’s budget.
$2,750,762 The biggest line in the SU’s budget is the cost of running the Students’ Union Building. This includes staff salaries, technical support, facilities and operation, and office administration.
TEXT NATHAN FUNG VISUALS JESSICA TANG
Through a $46.46 membership fee, the Students’ Union collects nearly $3.2 million in revenue from undergraduate students at the University of Alberta. However, fees only make up 25 per cent of the Students’ Union’s revenue. The non-profit organization also earns money from some of the businesses they run, like SUBmart and SUBprint. Managing the organization’s finances is the responsibility of the Students’ Union vice-president (operations and finance), Emma Ripka. With that being said, this is how the Students’ Union makes and spends its money.
“These would be the services that will suffer the most if SU fees became voluntary because they are not self-sustaining.”
Sustain SU The Students’ Union’s sustainability initiative, which runs things like bike rentals and the weekly farmers’ market.
STUDENT SERVICE ACTIVITIES $704,867
–Emma Ripka
The Students’ Union provides a number of services to support students’ needs. Leadership seminars and events like GovWeek and the Alberta Student Leadership Summit. Safewalk A free service that offers to walk users home at night.
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Peer Support Centre A space for students to talk about their problems confidentially.
Infolink Student-run directories that help connect students to different resources, including housing and job registries.
Student Group Services Registers and assists hundreds of student clubs through granting and executive training.
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Access Fund $14.56 Provides financial aid to students who are unable to take out student loans.
DEDICATED FEE UNITS In addition to the membership fee, students also pay $45.53 in dedicated fee units (DFUs) which goes toward various student organizations. These fees are created through referenda and are renewed every five years.
First Alberta Campus Radio Association Fund $2.18 Helps run CJSR-FM, the campus and community radio station.
The Landing Fund $1.55 A space that supports LGBTQ students. Runs programming and workshops on promoting gender and sexual diversity.
Orientation
Campus Food Bank $1.00 Gives out food and other toiletries to over 2,700 students and alumni in need.
Campus Recreation Enhancement Fund $4.10 Supports a number of recreational programs like drop-in swimming sessions, Wilson Climbing Centre activities, and other club sports.
While the Students’ Union operates these two bars on campus, neither are revenue-generating operations. Both are expected to run a deficit in the 2018-19 year.
Campus Cup
PROGRAMMING & EVENT ACTIVITIES $468,716
Students’ Union Christmas Party for Kids
The Students’ Union runs a number of events on North Campus during the school year, with the biggest events happening at the beginning of the fall semester.
DEWEY’S & RATT $57,069
Movie nights
SUBstage sessions Comedy and open mic nights in SUB and Dewey’s
Alberta Public Interest Research Group (APIRG) Fund $3.54 Helps supports local activism with grant funding and workshops. Gateway Student Journalism Fund $3.49 Supports The Gateway as an independent student publication and helps pay for our magazine, website, and staff.
SUB Renovation Fund $9.50 Pays for the SUB renovations completed in 2015, including the glass wall and stairway at the south end of the building.
Week of Welcome
World University Service of Canada (WUSC) Fund $0.49 Helps send refugees to Canada to finish their studies.
Antifreeze
“For advocacy, the key thing is really funding. If the provincial government is unaware that students on campus have mental health issues, or that there’s a crisis when it comes to mental health, they’re not going to give any funding to us.”
The salaries of the five SU executives (ranging from $46,000 to $48,000 per year)
Facilitating elections
Membership fees for the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations (CASA) and the Council of Alberta University Students (CAUS)
REPRESENTATION ACTIVITIES
$544,704 This is the cost of the Students’ Union’s political activities and advocacy efforts, like securing mental health funding from the government, or discounted transit options for students. g
–Emma Ripka
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Cultivating Motherhood: Chasing after her children and degree, campus garden assistant Carolyn Howe still finds time to stop and smell the flowers. TEXT KHADRA AHMED PHOTOS RICHARD BAGAN
Most afternoons, you can find Carolyn Howe tending to the campus garden with a baby strapped on her back and two toddlers running around her legs. Often sporting a stylish gardening hat and some Birkenstocks, Howe will greet you with a warm smile and bid you farewell with a tight bear-hug. As we chatted in the garden by an old toilet filled with flowers, Howe told me about how, during her third year of university in 2015, she gave birth to fraternal twins Noah and Lena at 21 and had to put her vocal performance degree on hold. Three years later, she welcomed her second daughter Elaine. Now returning to the University of Alberta at 24, she is hoping to finish the final year of her degree. Starting her undergrad at Campus Saint-Jean, Howe hoped to join the design program in her second year. After being rejected, she decided to rekindle her passion for music and auditioned for Augustana’s music program. This change of plans also set Howe on the path to pursue her passions for sustainability, politics, and environmental rights. After spending two years at Augustana, she joined the global development program to study music while staying conscious to international and local issues. Howe’s love of nature and sustainability dates back to annual summer trips to the Lac la Biche farm her mother grew up on. Working under the sun, Howe noticed a sense of community and happiness resonating throughout the farm. Taking on the role of campus garden assistant, she now tends to a small garden in East Campus Village where she feels that same sense of community starting to bloom. “Sustainability, building community, and learning to think outside the traditional ways we pursue agriculture is really important and it takes all of us — all different backgrounds and opinions — to move forward in gardening,” Howe said.
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Quick to rescue a spider from my arm and find it a new home amongst the trees, it’s easy to see the nurturing relationship Howe has with nature. Playing between the rows of vegetables and exclaiming at the beauty of flowers, her children make it look as if her green thumb is genetic. Being with her children and reconnecting with nature as a family is Howe’s definition of downtime. From a young age, Howe knew she wanted to start her family early. Motherhood, however, took a few unexpected turns. During her first pregnancy, her twins were born three months premature via an emergency C-section. As Lena and Noah fought for their lives in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Howe almost lost her daughter. The IV supplying Lena with crucial fluids had broken, failing to provide her with any nutrients or medicine for over eight hours.
“I feel like the universe gave me such a specific obstacle course that I had to go through to get to where I am now.” “They told us there was a very slim chance of her surviving,” she said. “I remember something strong came in me and I told them no. I didn’t even have the energy to be mad at the doctor or the hospital, I just knew very soldily in my heart that all my energy had to go towards Lena. I had to give her all the love she needed to survive.” Though Howe loves being a mother, she knew she would be finishing her degree. Slowly easing her
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self back in, Howe started with one class. Now, she’s ready to start September with a heavier course load. “In terms of the kids being so little right now, it can be a difficult decision to go back to school,” she said. “But education, if that’s something you really want to pursue, is possible... don’t be afraid to see what your options are.” However, being a young mom on campus can be isolating. Most students can’t relate to diapers and bedtimes, but Howe still hopes to find a network of other parents in school. On top of attending university with three children, Howe also spends her time teaching yoga and volunteering at a hospice. If she has some spare time, Friday nights are filled with swing dancing and Argentine tango.
For now, Howe says balancing it all is still a work in progress. She attributes a lot of her success to having a strong support network, something she realizes many mothers attending post-secondary don’t have. As Howe juggles motherhood and school with her various endeavours, support from her family and friends has been fundamental. “There’s a strength that comes with being a mother. Pregnancy for nine months and delivering children just grows strength within a woman and it made me feel like I could do anything,” she said. “After being told your children will die, and being in the hospital for so long, all the fear I had about g performer was gone. I’m alive and becoming a vocal I can do this!”
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REQUIRED READING
CENTRAL EDMONTON ARTS & CULTURE MAP Our city’s swankiest arts establishments and where to find them. TEXT JONAH DUNCH VISUALS JESSICA TANG
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NORTH OF THE RIVER THEATRE 1
MacEwan University (Allard Hall) MacEwan’s new fine arts facility houses an atrium, recital hall, and proscenium and black box theatres for events, plays, and concerts.
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Citadel Theatre Western Canada’s hallmark regional theatre offers something for everyone, including musicals, dramas, cabarets, and Rapid Fire Theatre’s weekly improv shows.
CULTURAL AFFAIRS 9
Rogers Place/Ice District Home to overpriced food and broken dreams. Also the venue for big-name artists.
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Evolution Wonderlounge Featuring drag shows, cabarets, community events, and more — this gay bar is your onestop shop for all things queer in Edmonton.
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Shaw Conference Centre Convention centre hosting speakers, community events, and performances with a river valley view.
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Chinatown Multi-Cultural Centre This Chinese-Edmontonian community hub hosts interest classes, Chinese cultural events, and a Chinese library.
MUSIC 3
The Mercury Room Live music venue, bar, and event centre located in the heart of Jasper Avenue.
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The Starlite Room Members-only live music venue — you can buy a $5 yearly membership on their app or at the door.
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Winspear Centre Home to the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra, this concert hall hosts choral performances, symphonies, and more.
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Art Gallery of Alberta Featuring exhibits and free admission for Alberta post-secondary students.
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Bohemia Intimate, multipurpose live music venue and pizza bar.
dc3 Art Projects This gallery and bookshop champions contemporary Canadian visual art.
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The Common and 99ten This pair of live music venues promotes underground local and international artists.
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Naked Cyber Cafe Live music venue featuring an open stage on Thursdays — a chance for emerging musicians to take risks.
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Latitude 53 Gallery specializing in contemporary visual culture and experimental art. Harcourt House Open since 1988, this public, artist-run gallery supports contemporary visual artists in Edmonton and beyond. 124 St Home to cafés, bakeries, restaurants, and a farmers’ market, this thoroughfare also boasts several regional art galleries, including the Scott Gallery, Bearclaw Gallery, Peter Robertson Gallery, Bugera Matheson Gallery, and West End Gallery.
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REQUIRED READING
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Timms Centre This two-venue live theatre complex’s mainstage houses Studio Theatre, a training grounds for BFA and MFA students. It also hosts ABBEDAM Productions, the U of A New Works Festival, Off the Cuff Cabaret, and other shows and workshops in the Second Playing Space.
The Grindstone Comedy Theatre This new venue serves up weekly sketch comedy, variety shows, and musical improv show the 11 O’clock Number. La Cité Francophone Home to L’Unithéâtre (a French-language theatre company) and Café Bicylette, this Franco-Edmontonian cultural centre is a vital fixture of the French Quartier.
DANCE 7
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Old Strathcona Theatre District The city’s hub of mid-sized theatre venues: Fringe Theatre’s Arts Barns, Theatre Network’s temporary home at The Roxy on Gateway, the newly renovated Varscona Theatre, and the Waterdale Theatre. The Playhouse Workshop space and Fringe venue, home of the Alberta Opera and Concrete Theatre.
Sugar Swing Ballroom A dance hall offering weekly classes in swing, jazz, and tap dance styles, as well as social dances.
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Students’ Union Building (SUB) SUB’s three venues: the Myer Horowitz Theatre, Dinwoodie Lounge, and SUB Stage, host live music, speakers, and movie nights. Convocation Hall Part of the historic Old Arts Building, the Department of Music presents operas and concerts in this auditorium. Whyte Avenue (82 Ave) Alongside restaurants, bars, and buskers, this southside main street encompasses live music venues like The Buckingham, The Almanac, The Forge, and Blues on Whyte. The Yardbird Suite The Edmonton Jazz Society’s volunteer-run music venue.
ARTS & CULTURE MAP:
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Jubilee Auditorium Expansive auditorium hosting travelling musicals, concerts, speakers, and more.
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Fine Arts Building (FAB) While this brutalist monolith has been a lightning rod for security concerns, it also hosts the departments of music, art & design (which exhibits visual art in the FAB Gallery), and drama, which produces MFA productions in the Bleviss Laboratory Theatre and class presentations in the Corner Stage. Telus Centre (MacTaggart Art Collection) Perhaps campus’ best-kept secret, late Edmonton philanthropist Sandy MacTaggart’s vast Chinese art collection resides in this sleek building.
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City Arts Centre Community centre offering arts educational programming for both adults and children.
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Campus Saint-Jean The university’s French campus hosts Francophone cultural events, an annual production from the Japanese Drama Society, and Fringe plays in its auditorium.
FILM 16
Metro Cinema (Garneau Theatre) Independent one-screen cinema, famous for its monthly screenings of The Room.
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Princess Theatre Independent two-screen cinema specializing in indie, arthouse, and international releases. g
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REQUIRED READING
Knitting in Class:
I’ve never had a problem staying awake in class — that is, until I took one of the most boring classes in existence: POL S 211 (History of Political Theory). Nothing about this subject interested me, but it was a required course for my program, so I sucked it up and enrolled in the 9 a.m. lecture. The class was even worse than I had expected. The professor, a balding man with small circular glasses, droned on in the way only a professor too comfortable in their tenure can. The class was held in a basement lecture hall, where students struggled to squeeze into cramped desks and the lack of adequate lighting made already heavy eyelids droop. I didn’t want to sleep in class, but no matter how well I slept the night before, or how much coffee I drank, as soon as that professor began to ramble I was immediately asleep. Eventually I came up with an ingenious solution to my sleeping problem: I could knit in class! I decided to bring a scarf I was working on, something that was easy enough to divide my attention between knitting and listening. I was worried about being judged for my hobby, so I picked a desk far away from the mob of students, in an aisle seat at the back of the classroom. I placed the ball of yarn gingerly onto my lap and began to knit. I quickly fell into a comfortable rhythm. My plan was working! Just as I was congratulating myself for my cleverness, my knitting needle slipped from my hand. Oh shit, I thought, fumbling with the needle as it fell. Unless I moved quickly, it would hit the floor with a horrific metallic clatter, turning all eyes on me.
A BETRAYAL TEXT DANIELLE UPSHALL VISUALS JESSICA TANG
I shot my arm downwards towards the escaped needle, closing my hand around it just before it made contact with the ground. I breathed a sigh of relief; my brief clumsiness went unnoticed. But, in leaning over, I had disturbed the ball of yarn. The ball jumped down from my lap and bounced to the floor, directly into the aisle. It only had one way to go: straight towards the professor at his podium. I watched in horror as the yarn rushed towards the front of the lecture hall. Students began to notice. Half-asleep eyes opened wide in disbelief, and heads began turning, one after the other, to follow the ball of yarn on its collision course. The yarn had picked up speed, and my heart was beating so quickly that when the ball reached its final destination I expected it to crash into the podium with a BANG! But it was only yarn, after all. It thumped softly at the feet of the professor, who didn’t stop his monotonous lecturing, but glanced down disapprovingly at the disturbance. Of course, the ball of yarn had left a trail. The heads that had followed the yarn down swiveled in the other direction, tracing the thin line straight back to the source. There I was, leaning out of my desk, a half-knit scarf clutched in a death grip, cheeks flush with
embarrassment. All eyes were on me. Another wave of horror washed over me as I realized what I had to do next: walk down to the front of the room, and then all the way back up. I stood up slowly, placing the scarf back into my bag. Keeping my head down, I briskly walked to the front of the room, eyes locked on the ball of yarn ahead of me. Laughter began filling the lecture hall, seemingly growing louder the more embarrassed I became. When I finally reached the front, the professor ignored me, oblivious to even the thundering laughter that drowned out his lecturing. I snatched the treacherous ball up and began winding it as quickly as I could. I couldn’t bear to stay in class a minute longer, knowing that when the shock of the moment subsided I would burst into tears. When I reached my desk, I grabbed my bag and left. The sound of students’ laughter followed me out of the door. g
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FEATURES
FIELD SC
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FEATURES
CHOOL TEXT & PHOTOS
OLIVIA DEBOURCIER COVER IMAGE
RICHARD BAGAN
SEPTEMBER 2018 | 21
FEATURES
THIS SUMMER, MY PARENTS DROVE ME TO PORTAGE COLLEGE IN LAC LA BICHE FOR FIELD SCHOOL, APRIL 30, 2018 about two and a half hours north of Edmonton. The college sits on a hill leading down to the lake, which was still frozen over. The town’s major landmark is a water tower. I was one of 60 students at field school this year. I’m taking environmental and conservation sciences, and the field school course is a requirement for our program, as well as forestry. We came out here to spend each day learning how to properly conduct field research and learn more about Alberta’s environment and natural resource industries. We were taught by professors, masters students, researchers, and industry professionals. Some taught us for a day, others for weeks. There was also our field school staff, who stayed with us the whole time. I’d heard field school called Party 101, a month in the mud, and the three-week hangover — which now doesn’t surprise me. My classmates and I stayed up till 2 a.m. eating Kraft Dinner and playing beer pong as someone drunkenly sang along to a country song in the backyard. I left field school sleep-deprived, sunburnt, and mosquito-bitten, but I learned a couple things while I was at it.
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We unloaded from the vans in our bright orange safety vests and helmets into what can honestly be described as the middle of nowhere. We were 40 minutes north of Lac La Biche on some plot of land owned by a forestry company. Our job was to track down about six randomly chosen tree plots in the woods that had been programmed into our GPS units.
One moment we’d be crunching through a meadow of reindeer lichen and the next our feet would be muffled as they were swallowed up by moss thicker than a mattress. My team of four double-checked that we had our satellite image of the area, map, measuring equipment, radio, compasses, and most importantly, the GPS. We were wandering off on our own and none of us had any field experience, so when we realized our GPS units were set to an incorrect setting and all our predetermined locations were wrong, we were concerned. My team and I agreed that wandering confused through the woods and praying we didn’t run into any bears was pretty much what we expected from field school. As we hiked, I was mystified by the speed at which the forest could transform from an open and sunlit aspen wood to dense black spruce. Even
FEATURES
with our eyes closed, we could hear the transitions. One moment we’d be crunching through a meadow of reindeer lichen, and the next our feet would be muffled as they were swallowed up by moss thicker than a mattress. We stumbled into a wetland where beams of sunlight fell through the sparse branches. The needles had fallen off the tamarack over the winter, and lumps of reddish-green sphagnum moss poked out like islands among still, reflective pools. Colourful, tiny lichens and mosses blanketed the forest floor and trees. Short, leafy plants had already emerged from the frozen soil and were impossible not to step on. When I saw the hard hats and safety glasses on our list of required equipment for the day I thought that was overkill for a little walk in the woods. But, as it turns out, when you’re bushwacking, the bushes wack back. What was particularly strange about this forest was that as isolated as we felt in one moment, the next we could stumble out of the woods back onto the highway as though we’d never been far from humans at all.
MAY 2, 2018 “This is a shovel,” Alex Drummond, our academic lead, said sarcastically as he demonstrated how to start digging our soil pit. We were in Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area learning how to do ecosite classifications by examining the soil and vegetation of an area. But to get to know the soil we would have to do some digging. The first soil pit we dug was on frozen ground. My team members got past the first layer of soil and once they were tired, I gave it a shot. After angrily attacking the ground for 20 minutes, I’d scarcely made the pit deeper. I decided that as badass as I felt wielding the giant axe over my head, the most damage I did with the tool was to my own wrists, which, as I write this, have me flinching in pain.
MAY 8, 2018 I’d always wanted to visit Fort McMurray. We were only there for two days, but we got to see the oil operations, something I’d never experienced.
The oil sands (or, more accurately, the bituminous sands) looked exactly as I expected: big, flat, and a cheerful grey. Without any trees or hills, dusty winds hit our faces when we stepped out of the vans on the side of the road — very Mad Max. Every once in a while I would jump at the explosive sounds coming from the air cannons surrounding each lake, designed to scare away any birds that dared to bathe in the toxic sludge. We visited a “reclaimed” hill on the edge of the sands to do some soil examinations. What we found was that although the hill appeared to be a self-sustaining forest, the soil told a different story. We speculated that should this hill have gone up in flames like the rest of this region had two years ago, that soil would have burned too because the top layer was made of peat moss. Without soil, no plant life would regrow. To my surprise, I had no rude awakening when I saw the sands nor any life-changing revelations of my purpose as an environmental scientist. I suppose once you see a few photos of the oil sands you kind of get the idea.
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MAY 10, 2018 Today, we explored the wetlands and I’ve never been so thankful for my rubber boots. In one bog, the ground sucked at my boots and lifted them off my feet. The air there is strangely crisp compared to the rest of the forest, and not much can grow beyond mosses and some hardier plants. The conditions are perfect to prevent decomposition. When our instructor pulled a sample from the ground, we were shown that soil a mere 1.5 metres below us was around 8,000 years old. The organic material had been alive briefly after the last ice age when mammoths roamed the region.
MAY 12, 2018 This trip, we’ve seen more wildlife than I could have ever imagined. Porcupines, bears, eagles, herons, kingfishers, beavers, woodpeckers, kestrels, cranes, pelicans, loons, and some of the neatest bugs. So a day specifically for wildlife was something I’d been looking forward to this whole time. We kicked off the day visiting Sir Winston Churchill Island Provincial Park on Lac la Biche. The place hasn’t burned in over 200 years, which makes the trees here far older than those in other regions of the boreal forest. The island is a fantastic birding spot. Every couple minutes, I seemed to spot a woodpecker hopping up a tree trunk. Earlier we’d seen an osprey fly over us with claws full of long grasses for its nest. We spent the second part of the day ponddipping with nets in search of invertebrates. The sun was intense at this point in the afternoon, and hoards of tiny black insects buzzed above our heads. We tried to ignore all the spiders crawling over our
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backpacks, which we’d laid in the long grass around us as we dumped our nets into white pans filled with an inch of water, and sifted through the collection of wiggling creatures. Some students found water boatman, beautiful insects with dark green backs, large cartoonish eyes, and oar-like feet. We watched as some form of aquatic worm
parasitized a water beetle and did our best to identify the nearly transparent insect nymphs. We were handed butterfly nets for the next activity. Until this trip I’d never seen a grown adult go leaping and bounding after butterflies. It is an outrageously hilarious thing to watch and even better to do. We ended the day back in town for a barbecue on the edge of Lac la Biche. With stomachs full of hamburgers, chips, and beer we went down to the beach and dipped our toes in the icy water. In between bouts of laughter and spaces in conversation we could hear the glassy echoes of ice floats bumping into each other as the lake thawed out. With the sunset painting the sky orange, we could see the water reflecting the warm tones of the sky where the ice made way for summer’s open lake. g
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EARTH WHAT’S REALLY UNDER THE MARTIAN SURFACE? TEXT CALVIN CHAN VISUALS JESSICA TANG
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In the dark and musty garage of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Facility lies the brainchild of the student group Space Exploration Alberta Robotics (SPEAR). With its 6.5 kilogram battery and robotic scooper, SPEAR’s rover was built to traverse rugged Mars-like terrain: surveying the landscape, extracting Martian resources, and searching for life. As I studied the rover’s motorized wheels and on-board computer, André Ulliac and Noel Gore carefully laid out a series of intricately cut metal bars and hinges for a metre-long robotic arm. When assembled, the arm will be equipped with a remotecontrolled camera, a robotic hand precise enough to type on a keyboard, and a motorized shoulder that can lift a five-kilogram weight at a full armslength away. The team named the rover TARS, after the tactical robot from Intersteller. Ulliac is a second-year mechanical engineering student and SPEAR’s mechanical team lead. Beside him is Gore, a fourth-year geophysics student and the science team lead. While Ulliac oversees the assembly of gears and wires into the Martian rover, Gore spends his time poring over the details of the onboard instruments, ensuring the rover can perform a range of experiments. The U of A’s SPEAR team is composed of over 100 members, each pitching in during their spare
hours to create the U of A’s first student-built Martian rover. The team recently competed in the Canadian International Rover Challenge and will be entering another competition in the Utah desert come summer 2019. Both Ulliac and Gore joined SPEAR to become more involved with space research on campus. The field can be difficult for young scientists to break into, but student groups like SPEAR can help them build connections with engineering firms and space agencies. When I asked Ulliac and Gore why they both wanted a career in space exploration, they said part of it was the thrill of the challenge. Nearly two-thirds of spacecraft sent to Mars fail before completing their mission, and Gore said there’s a certain prestige that comes with being able to achieve what many cannot. But apart from advancing scientific research, the duo said space exploration also fills an innate human curiosity. Only by exploring beyond the confines of Earth can we answer the fundamental question: are we alone in the universe? Mars is one of Earth’s closest neighbours. While its red surface appears barren, the presence of polar ice caps and its proximity to the sun gives it the highest chance of harbouring life within the reachable solar system. If life does exist elsewhere, many think our search should begin on Mars.
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Growing up, my understanding of extraterrestrial life came primarily from watching FBI agents Mulder and Scully in The X Files. Additional lessons were supplied by the movies Signs, The Thing, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and of course, the Alien franchise. Even when I think of extraterrestrial life now, a certain archetype comes to mind: amorphous creatures with acid for blood and an unquenchable desire to conquer Earth. But the more I spoke with U of A biologist Brian Lanoil who had worked on the astrobiology team at NASA’s jet propulsion lab in Pasadena, California, the less my concept of alien life seemed able to withstand scientific scrutiny. If Martian life exists, Lanoil said, it’s likely microscopic. While the surface of the red planet appears largely barren now, many researchers believe ancient Mars’ craters and valleys likely carried freshwater lakes, rivers, and possibly even oceans about four billion years ago. Its atmosphere and surface temperatures would have been much more similar to Earth — and likely capable of supporting life. But in the absence of a strong magnetic field, the planet was left exposed to harsh solar winds from the sun that have stripped the planet of these luxuries over time. What remains are two polar ice caps and the wide expanse of sand, dust, and dirt in between.
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Without any bodies of water or a thick atmosphere to store heat, surface temperatures fluctuate wildly between day and night. Under the summer sun, the planet’s equator can reach upwards of 20 C, only to drop to -70 C when dusk falls. Lacking a prominent ozone layer, the planet is subjected to harsh ultraviolet rays. The average human on Earth receives only 1.7 millirads of radiation each day, but on Mars, that value is almost 26 times higher, reaching levels of up to 44 millirads. It’s clear humans could never survive unprotected in the harsh Martian environment, but that doesn’t mean other living things can’t. To understand the limits of life and whether it could exist elsewhere in the universe, Lanoil said we can begin by utilizing extreme environments on Earth as an analog for other planets. For instance, unlike plants and animals, microbes can survive without oxygen. Many utilize a process called “methanogensis” where energy is generated by reacting chemicals such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen to create methane. These methanogens can be found all across the planet, from swamplands, to deserts, and even in Arctic ice cores. In June 2018, NASA’s Curiosity rover revealed a seasonal cycle of methane production on Mars, reaching maximum
Where water becomes liquid, even just for a short period of time, that’s where we should look for life. – Associate Professor Carlos Lange
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methane release during late summer and early autumn. Lanoil said the finding could suggest Earth-like methane-producing bacteria living under the Martian surface. To understand how life can survive the Martian cold, researchers use the microbe Planococcus halocryophilus, which grows at temperatures of -25 C in harsh Arctic permafrost. As water freezes, salts are forced out of expanding ice crystals. With enough salt, water stays liquid at temperatures below freezing and microbes can thrive in these veins of salty brine. Lanoil said melted Arctic ice can carry around 100,000 bacterial cells per millilitre. For studying the possibility of life under constant radiation, astrobiologists turn to Deinococcus radiodurans. Its resistance to radiation allows it to populate areas surrounding catastrophic nuclear accidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi. Lanoil says these microbes provide a foundation for scientists to study how similar alien life could survive outside Earth. But regardless of the conditions these microbes can tolerate, Lanoil said none of it could exist without the presence of water and other organic compounds. “As far as if microbes could live on other planets, NASA has this mantra — follow the water,” he said. To determine the availability of these basic building blocks of life, NASA has sent a series of landers and rovers to scour the Martian surface. In August 2007, NASA’s Phoenix lander found ice underneath a layer of loose soil, confirming the existence of subsurface water. Earlier this year, NASA’s Curiosity rover discovered the existence of organic molecules in three-billion-year-old Martian mudstone, further indicating the possibility of alien life. But to find life itself, Lanoil said researchers will have to dig deeper. Living things need access to liquid water. The best chance of finding that on Mars is underground, where it’s insulated by a layer of dirt and kept from being stripped off by the dry Martian air. Mars averages a temperature of -55 C on most days, and at the poles, temperatures can drop down to -125 C. To determine if liquid water could really exist on the planet, I sought the help of Carlos Lange, an associate professor of mechanical engineering and fluid dynamics expert.
In his tenth-floor office in the Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Lange started unpacking a wooden box containing a miniature replica of the “tell-tale” used by NASA’s Phoenix lander to measure surface winds. Following the wind would be key to finding liquid water underneath Mars’ surface. To measure Martian weather, Lange designed the tell-tale with the aid of two student volunteers in the early 2000s. Without an electronic wind sensor available at the time, Lange said the team had to rely on old-school methods. As Lange blew on the replica, an angled mirror revealed a small cylinder on a thread swaying in the wind. Using the Phoenix lander’s camera, Lange was able to determine the direction and speed of the Martian wind based on the angle at which the cylinder swayed. He said the cylinder was light enough to be moved by a breeze as slow as one metre per second. The Phoenix mission only lasted a year before the Martian winter destroyed the internal components of the lander in 2008. But Lange says the data he collected shapes his research on Martian storm systems. “We’re trying to model to see where we can find water that becomes liquid,” he said. “Where water becomes liquid even just for a short period of time, that’s where we should look for life.” On Earth, much of our weather is driven by the evaporation and precipitation of water into and out of the atmosphere. But without large bodies of water to drive the water cycle, storms on Mars are instead driven by “dust devils,” cyclic air currents that pull dirt and water vapour out from underground. Like tornadoes, the low-pressure zone in the centre cools the ground, keeping any
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subsurface water frozen. However, where dust devils fail to form, Lange said the frozen brine underground may thaw just enough to create a water pocket where microbes can flourish. These conditions are similar to sea ice in the Earth’s Arctic pole, where water can remain liquid even at subzero temperatures. “We don’t expect life to exist on the surface,” he said. “But underground you are protected not by the ozone or a magnetic field but by a layer of dirt. And if the subsurface ice melts from time to time, you have the conditions for life.” Just this summer, the Italian Space Agency announced the potential discovery of an underground lake. By sending electromagnetic signals onto the Martian surface and seeing what bounces back, the MARSIS radar aboard the European Mars Express Orbiter detected a strange echo above Mars’ southern pole. It’s not clear what it could be, but one possibility includes a 12-metre long vein of subsurface water. After meeting with Lange, I left his office feeling a newfound optimism in our search for alien life. But if they did exist, how could we prove it? While I continued my pursuit in the safety and comfort of Earth, Lange told me about a new rover that aims to retrieve irrefutable evidence of alien life from Mars. Under his advice, I trekked to the Earth Sciences Building in search of Lange’s colleague: geologist and meteorite curator Chris Herd.
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Despite advancements in rover technology, Herd said research into extraterrestrial life remains confined by the types of tests robots can perform. The presence of water, methane, and other organic chemicals as detected by past NASA rovers suggests the possibility of Martian life, but without visible evidence, it remains only a possibility. To find irrefutable evidence, Herd has been working as one of 11 scientists advising NASA’s upcoming 2020 rover mission. But unlike past projects, Mars 2020 aims to return samples to Earth, where scientists can examine them under the microscope to look for evidence of microbial fossils. The team is focusing their exploration on three potential sites: Jezero Crater, Northeast Syrtis, and Columbia Hills. Each landscape is marked by evidence of liquid water in the distant past. Jezero Crater previously contained a river delta — a formation that occurs when a river meets a larger body of water. Northeast Syrtis and Columbia Hills contains now dormant hydrothermal systems. “On Earth, if you crack open those same features, guaranteed you will see fossilized bacteria,” Herd said. The Mars 2020 rover will collect approximately 30 samples from one of these sites and preserve them for its return to Earth later that decade. But the challenge will be to ensure the samples do not become tainted with terrestrial contaminants. Scientists call this “planetary protection.” For the evidence to be irrefutable, Herd said researchers must ensure chemical and biological contaminants
FEATURES
from Earth are not accidentally carried to Mars where they may be potentially mistaken as extraterrestrial. Likewise, potential alien life, if brought back to Earth, could endanger our planet’s ecosystem. “There’s the potential for Martian samples to harbour actual life active on mars now,” he said. “You don’t want that to be a threat to life on Earth.” Herd’s was the first lab to develop equipment for analyzing Martian meteorites in a sterile and climate controlled space. Samples are preserved at -30 C to prevent decay and shuttled into a -15 C chamber filled with inert Argon gas for experimentation. He said NASA is working on something similar for Mars 2020.
will the discovery really mean? It’s hard to imagine how microscopic life on Mars can alter life here on Earth. Yet, there’s something comforting in knowing we might not be alone in this infinite universe, that elsewhere, life thrives as it does on Earth. Maybe it’s the thought of finding something amidst a void of nothing that drives our fascination with space. “Finding a microorganism growing on Mars isn’t going to revolutionize life on Earth,” Lanoil told me as we ended our conversation. “But it does change our view of the universe, and that’s not an insignificant thing.” g
But for now the only creatures we know of roaming the red surface are purely robotic. Whether life may have scoured the Martian surface in centuries past — or continue to below the rocky landscape — remains to be discovered. Yet, what
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Self-Taught
TEXT SOYOUNG YU VISUALS JESSICA TANG
What one student learned from taking a semester off. I took the winter semester off and went into 2018 as a non-student for the first time in 21 years. I’m excited to be back at school now, but I think taking a break was the best thing I could’ve done for myself. I wanted to be comfortable with uncertainty and expressing my emotions, to get to know myself better and be okay with who I am. I realized that I needed time to achieve those goals. I went back to what I used to do when I had more free time. I would go grocery shopping and cook, play with my cat Pepper, or hang out with my friends. If I was having a rough night, I cooked stews, soups, and traditional Korean dishes from scratch to keep myself busy and calm. Cooking and baking were always my favourite activities, as I could kill stress and share what I made with people I cared about. One day, I made chicken stock from scratch; I walked to SaveOn-Foods during a blizzard, broke a whole chicken with my knife, seared it, watched Pepper smell the vegetables, and let the stock do its own thing for seven hours. Then I impulsively left for Korea. I planned on staying for three weeks to travel, eat, and see people I wanted to see. Instead, I spontaneously decided to get Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK) surgery and ended up staying there for three months. I decided to work at an international school in Korea, creating my own curriculum to teach students in junior high and high school. I helped with administrative work and helped teachers in classrooms. I absolutely loved the liveliness of the school. But after three weeks, I quit. Working wasn’t what I wanted to do that summer. That’s not to say I didn’t enjoy the work; during the three weeks I worked there, I learned so much more than I had in the past four months. I quit because of what one of the teachers at the school said. I spoke to her about how uncertain I felt about my future. She told me that I need to value myself more, not the responsibilities that
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I had taken on or were given to me. She told me that I give so much love to the students and the work I do, but not enough to myself. Since I’m young, she said, it makes sense that I’m overwhelmed and uncertain about my future, about what I want to do. I can’t distract myself by keeping myself busy. She told me self-love would be a crucial step towards being comfortable with uncertainty. I needed to know who I was, I needed to have new experiences and do things I was hesitant to do before. Once again, I needed free time. After I quit teaching, I didn’t rest. Instead, I spent my time having unique experiences I could only have in Korea. I went to traditional tea houses to have Korean teas and desserts, to breweries to learn about the history of alcohol in the country, and I went out for food every single day, either by myself or with my close friends. I impulsively went on a day trip to Gangneung. It was a hot day, but the wind by the ocean was cool. The waves were powerful, the water was clean, and the sand was dense but so soft under my feet. I walked along the shore, my skirt soaked from the waves, and sat on the beach, staring into the horizon for hours. I bought a book on a hot Wednesday and went to the Han River in Seoul. I rented a tent, ordered Korean fried chicken, grabbed some cold beer, and read. I went early in the day, so there weren’t many people there, and the strong winds by the river blew into my tent, keeping me cool. I’m back in Edmonton now and starting school again. I realized I do want to continue with my goals to become an academic and a mentor. Even though I’m unsure what path I’ll take to get there, I’ve grown comfortable with that uncertainty. I’m glad that I’ve truly started to learn who I am and what it means to know that, and that taking time to figure things out is an option. g
DIVER SIONS
HOROSCOPES VISUALS JESSICA TANG
Capricorn You cannot rationalize something irrational.
Taurus Ignore the haters — that hat looks great.
Cancer Make sure you bring a pen to class. Your friends are tired of helping a capable adult.
Gemini Despite popular belief, open-toed sandals aren’t appropriate for all occasions.
Aries Reading your STAT 151 syllabus now will provide insight for when you fail the midterm.
Leo Stop trying to pull doors clearly marked push.
DIVER SIONS
Aquarius Don’t listen to your parents. Class at 8 a.m. is a terrible idea.
Libra Remember to thank your bus driver every time. No exceptions.
Sagittarius If you don’t start planning your reading week vacation right now, it probably won’t happen.
Scorpio Children will annoy you this week, but you’ll take it in stride.
Pisces Wearing a watch will give you great style and the punctuality to succeed this fall semester.
Student Admission: $10 ($8 Matinée) Metro Cinema is a community-based non-profit society devoted to the exhibition and promotion of Canadian, international, and independent film and video. metrocinema.org
Metro Season Launch Party
SEPT 7 @ 6:30PM
Metro launches our 18/19 season with a special 50th anniversary screening of the Charlton Heston classic Planet of the Apes. Get the inside scoop on our new series and spotlights and get first crack at Metro’s Poster sale, where you can dive into Metro’s forty years of classic film posters for $5 bargains. Free Admission!
Sorry to Bother You
Septmeber 8 - 13
In an alternate present-day version of Oakland, telemarketer Cassius Green discovers a magical key to professional success, propelling him into a macabre universe.
Once Upon a Superhero
SEPT 21 @ 9:30PM, SEPT 22 @ 11:30PM A homeless wanderer, named Solar Flare, proclaims to be a real superhero from the Sun who’s been exiled to live on Earth without his superpowers for 189 days. The film follows the lost superhero on what quickly becomes a downward spiral journey into the underbelly of Hollywood. Filmmaker in attendance.
Metro Cinema at the Garneau 8712-109 Street | metrocinema.org
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Virgo Your attractive TA wants a good USRI rating, not your attention. Understanding the difference is important. g
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