July 2021 by The Affair Magazine

CURRENT AFFAIRS IN A WAY YOU'LL LOVE

Sahithi Lingampalli

founder tech and design co-director art co-director

vice executive layout co-director

Kavya Gurunath

Shrawani Pradhan

vice executive science co-director

Geethikaa Tarra

art & media, opinion codirector

Inchara J

science, layout co-director

Vrinda Gandhi

vice executive marketing/finances director

Parker McElroy

politics & world events director

Samita Pandit

lifestyle co-director

Taruni Manam

vice executive lifestyle co-director

Manushri Bapat

art & media director (on break)

Nivi Chozhan

tech co-director

Evelyn Chen

art co-director

Harvi Karatha

editing co-director

Uday Lingampalli editing co-director

Aathmika Radhachandran public relations co-director

Ashmita Annamalai

public relations co-director

COVER ART BY SAHITHI LINGAMPALLI

Cindy Zhang

opinion co-director

Tiffany Fang

podcast director

Neve Walker

politics & world events codirector

meet the staff

WRITERS: Anvitha Mattapalli Ameya Aneja Ashmita Annamalai Geethi Tarra Grace Yoon Kavya Gurunath Neve Walker Parker McElroy Sahithi Lingampalli Samita Pandit Sierra Tan Tiffany Fang Thejo Tattala PODCAST: Anvitha Mattapalli Ashmita Annamalai Geethikaa Tarra Kavya Gurunath Leesha Pillai Sahithi Lingampalli Sierra Tan Taruni Manam Thejo Tattala Tiffany Fang Vicky Huang

EDITORS: Ameya Aneja Anvitha Mattapalli Arushi Patil Cindy Zhang Dominique Samantha Harini Akurathi Harvi Karatha Inchara J Jason Liu Jeet Parikh Kavya Gurunath Manushri Bapat Myint Myat Theingi Nivi Chozhan Samita Pandit Shoffana Sundaramoorthy Taruni Manam Uday Lingampalli

LAYOUT DESIGNERS:

Aathmika Radhachandran Arushi Patil Harini Akurathi Inchara J Nivi Chozhan Sahithi Lingampalli Sierra Tan Vrinda Gandhi PUBLIC RELATIONS: Aathmika Radhachandran Ameya Aneja Cal Shin-Koh Grace Yoon Sahithi Lingampalli Sierra Tan ARTISTS: Cal Shin-Koh Evelyn Chen Juee Deshmukh Nivi Chozhan Sahithi Lingampalli Thejo Tattala

contents

ART & MEDIA

55 HOW TO MAKE CRÈME BRÛLÉE

MOTHER OF PRIDE

57 HOW TO COPE WITH THE

GILBERT BAKER

DETERIORATION OF MENTAL

POLITICS & WORLD EVENTS

HEALTH

ANTI-MUSLIM BIAS IN CANADA

61 OPINION

STONEWALL RIOTS

63 SHOULD CASH PRIZES AND OTHER

WHO WAS MARSHA P. JOHNSON?

INCENTIVES BE USED TO MOTIVATE

AFGHANISTAN WAR

PEOPLE INTO TAKING THE COVID

TECH & DESIGN

VACCINE?

THE UFO MYSTERY

67 QUESTION OF THE MONTH

VIRTUAL REALITY THERAPY FOR

69 MEMBER OF THE MONTH

PEOPLE WITH PTSD 31

71 SPONSORS

HOW SOLAR ECLIPSE GLASSES WORK

LGBTQ+ PEOPLE IN TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE

THE PSYCHOLOGY BEHIND PTSD

"RING OF FIRE" SOLAR ECLIPSE

THE MICROPLASTIC DILEMMA

NOTABLE LGBTQ+ SCIENTISTS

LIFESTYLE

ORGANIZING PRIDE 101

SUMMER 2021 BUCKET LIST!

art and media the mother of pride

“The Mother of Pride” Brenda Howard played a key role in the LGBT rights movement. page 7

gilbert baker

During Pride Month this year, let’s remember the creator of the rainbow pride flag and his legacy. page 9

the mother Brenda Howard was born on December 24th, 1946 in the Bronx. She graduated with an AAS degree in Nursing from the Borough of Manhattan Community College. She became an anti-war activist and a feminist after realizing the fact that men have a higher influence over this field.

This march was one of the first LGBT parades in the country and was organized by Howard, a bisexual and polyamorous woman. She also thought of holding week-long festivities for the LGBT march, which later became the worldwide LGBT Pride festivities we see today. She and two other activists are known for calling this “Pride”.

Howard’s passion for LGBT advocacy bloomed when her friends were involved in a riot. In the 1960s, LGBT+ people were not allowed into most bars due to police retaliation. The Stonewall Inn, however, was an exception. Stonewall accepted all kinds of people. The police, aware that LGBT people frequented Stonewall, arrested and charged the owners. On June 28th, 1969, LGBT people rose, sparking 3 days of rioting later known as the Stonewall Riots.

Howard was ready to support anyone who was not given their alienable rights. She was arrested multiple times in her life due to her widely unaccepted perspective. In 1988, she was arrested for protesting for women’s, people of color’s, and people with HIV/AIDS’s right to healthcare. In 1991, she was arrested for protesting against a lesbian’s firing from the state office. Despite this, she continued to fight for what she believed was right.

After the Stonewall Riots, The Christopher Street Liberation Day March was held,during which, LGBT people paraded with pride for their identities.

of pride

Howard’s work focused on the bisexual community. She co-founded the New York Area Bisexual Network. This organization, which still exists today, allows bisexual people within the area to communicate with one another.

written by edited by layout by art by

anvitha mattapalli Harini Akurathi, Taruni Manam and Geethi Tarra inchara j sahithi lingampalli

She also fought to include bisexuality in the 1993 March on Washington, which used to mainly revolve around gay and lesbian people. Although she passed away on June 28th, 2005 due to colon cancer, her impact and influence still live today. In the same year, the Queens chapter of Parents, Family, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays started the Brenda Howard Memorial Award in honor of Howard. This award is given annually to someone who has positively contributed to the bisexual and LGBT community in the same manner Howard did. Past recipients of this award include Lawrence Nelson, Lisa Jacobs, and Denarii Grace among others. Today, people in the LGBT community are able to march with pride of their identities and their families thanks to Brenda Howard, the woman who began organizing LGBT marches and took the first step in the LGBT movement.

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At long last, it’s June - the month widely celebrated as LGBT Pride Month in honor of the Stonewall riots in 1969. We often see the iconic rainbow flag displayed as a symbol of pride and the LGBTQIA+ rights movement - but how much do we know about its origins and its creator, Gilbert Baker? In 1977, the first openly gay person was elected to hold a high public office in a major American city. This man was Harvey Milk, who was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.

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Milk had campaigned on a message of hope for young LGBTQ+ youth and urged and inspired Gilbert Baker, another openly gay man and a drag queen, to create a new symbol of pride for the community. At that time, the symbol widely used was a pink triangle, reclaimed from its use in the Holocaust, where it was imposed by Nazis to identify and persecute homosexuals. (A Brief History of the Rainbow Flag, 2021)

As Bake powerful sym a flag with considered a The original fla on it, each meaning - ho orange for he green for na indigo for harm Baker later sa job as gay pe be visible, to to get out of t mission, bec proclaiming y ‘This is who I a

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An interes flag is that it trademarked Baker told attorney, Ma created the everyone in wanted it to r He needed an

er saw flags as the most bol of pride, he designed a rainbow, which he natural flag from the sky. ag had 8 colors of stripes representing a different t pink for sex, red for life, ealing, yellow for sunlight, ature, turquoise for art, mony, and violet for spirit. aid in an interview, “Our eople was to come out, to live in the truth, as I say, the lie. A flag really fit that cause that’s a way of your visibility or saying, am!’” (Gonzalez, n.d.)

when the flags were being ed, the hot pink and tripes were eventually e to issues with the eft with 6 stripes, this flag flown widely and used as mbol of pride. It is also the on pride flag that we see newer productions and luding the Progress Pride h encompasses the pride flag as well as the atter symbols and colors.

sting fact about the pride t was intentionally never or copyrighted by Baker. his LGBTQ civil rights att Coles, that he had flag as a symbol for the community and emain free for public use. n attorney to represent

him to challenge an attempt from an advocacy organization to trademark it. They succeeded in keeping the flag free, and it still is today. In 1994, Baker made history by creating the mile-long rainbow flag to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Stonewall riots. The Guinness Book of World Records then recognized the mile-long flag as the world’s largest flag (at the time). Sadly, Gilbert Baker passed on the 31st of March, 2016. Now, we look around us and see Baker’s legacy in the pride of our LGBTQ+ community. To our LGBTQ+ readers (and everyone else!), as we fly our flags high with pride, let’s remember Gilbert Baker and the contributions he made to the LGBTQ civil rights movement! From all of us here at The Affair Magazine,

happy Pride!

the most comm pride flag todaon y.

the original! rainbow flag 10

references the mother of pride Goodman, Elyssa. (2019). Meet "The Mother of Pride," The Pioneering Bisexual Activist Brenda Howard. Them. https://www.them.us/story/brenda-howard Cruz, Eliel. (2019). Bisexual Pioneer Brenda Howard Is the Mother of Pride. Advocate. https://www.advocate.com/bisexuality/2014/06/17/remembe ring-brenda-ode-%E2%80%98mother-pride%E2%80%99

Gilbert Baker A Brief History of the Rainbow Flag. (2021, June 2). San Francisco. Retrieved June 13, 2021, from https://www.sftravel.com/article/brief-history-rainbow-flag Gonzalez, N. (n.d.). How Did the Rainbow Flag Become a Symbol of LGBTQ Pride? Britannica. Retrieved June 13, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-the-rainbowflag-become-a-symbol-of-lgbt-pride Protecting Pride: A Brief Look at the History of the Rainbow Flag. (2020, June 5). Corsearch. Retrieved June 13, 2021, from https://corsearch.com/protecting-pride-brief-look-historyrainbow-flag/ Riendeau, D. (2012, June 22). Meet the Man Who Kept the Rainbow Flag Free. ACLU. Retrieved June 13, 2021, from https://www.aclu.org/blog/lgbtq-rights/meet-man-whokept-rainbow-flag-free?redirect=blog/lgbt-rights/meetman-who-kept-rainbow-flag-free

ANTI MUSLIM BIAS IN CANADA

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AFGHANISTAN WAR

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Recently, a driver intentionally ran over a family of 5 and killed a father, mother, grandmother, and daughter in Ontario on the basis of their religion, Islam. Because of this, a boy is now an orphan. This killing has caused an outcry for the government to take action regarding the hate crimes against Muslims. Mohamed Salih, a member of London’s City Council, has said, “Even after this, there are still people saying that Islamophobia doesn’t exist. The challenge and a reality we must face is that far too often in our city, there is Islamophobia. It’s something we’ve known for far too long.”

After lifting COVID-19 restrictions for a few hours, Justin Trudeau, Canada’s Prime Minister, went to a memorial for the family, along with thousands of people. At the vigil, Trudeau said, “Islamophobia is real. Racism is real. We must stand together and say no to hatred.”

Nathaniel Veltman, the driver, was charged with four counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted murder. The London police have said they are consulting the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the attorney general regarding potential terrorism charges. The police have said that these attacks were targeted toward Muslims and were a “planned, premeditative act”.

Canada has a reputation for tolerance and has even welcomed Syrian refugees. However, Canada continues to ignore the rising hate towards Muslims. The Canadian Security and Intelligence Service reported that “the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated xenophobic and anti-authority narratives, many of which may directly or indirectly impact national security considerations.” In 2019, the police reported 1,946 hate crimes in Canada: those made against Muslims rose 10% from 2018.

written by edited by layout by

neve walker

myint myat theingi & harvi karatha nivi chozhan

the

stonewall

riots

were

a series of riots that fought for LGBTQ rights that occurred within days and even weeks after policemen raided Stonewall Inn, a bar in New York designated to serve alcoholic beverages, and provide a safe space for the local LGBTQ community. The Stonewall Inn replaced an original restaurant space when it was established by the Mafia in NYC Greenwich Village in 1930. It was registered as a private bar that did not need a liquor license, and instead required patrons to bring their own alcohol. Because of its cheap cost and large size, it became a welcoming place for all LGBTQ individuals. It became the home for LGBTQ individuals to kindle friendships, meet people and to have a place of belonging. Most of all, it was a place that provided a safe space for LGBTQ individuals to truly express themselves, while the rest of the world was against them. It “catered largely to a group of people who are not welcome in, or cannot afford, other places of homosexual social gathering…. It became a home to these kids'' (Mattachine Society Newsletter 1969).

Unfortunately, it was also often raided by the police — as most LGBTQ bars were at the time — due to the fact that homosexuality was outlawed in almost all US states. The bar often bribed and paid off the local police to prevent such raidings and was mostly successful until the summer of 1969. On June 28, 1969, the police raided the gay bar, sparking one of the most influential and significant LGBTQ moments in history. The first official Stonewall riot began on the night of the police raiding when one lesbian, who was forced into a police car, began shouting at onlookers. Other LBTGQ witnesses began to throw items at the policemen. Angry and fed-up, hundreds of people joined in throwing objects at the policemen, quickly causing a full-blown riot, standing up and fighting for their LGBTQ rights. The fight went on until the wee hours of the morning until everything settled down.

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After this first fight back for LGBTQ ghts, protests erupted all over the ea, now known as the Stonewall Riots. hese protests, led by transgender aders Marsh P. Johnson and Sylvia vera, became some of the most gnificant and groundbreaking events r the LGBTQ community. As the tonewall continued to open every ght, the police continued to raid the ar every night, but the protests also ontinued every day until the eginning of July. The stonewall riots transformed the GBTQ movement in the midwentieth century and was the biggest eries of protests for LGBTQ ghtsduring the mid 1960s. It inspired housands of people to stand up for heir identity and the rights that they eserved. The Stonewall Riots have mpacted the state and support that he LGBTQ community receives today nd will long be recognized and membered as a legendary LGBTQ oment.

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RIOTS

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who was marsha p. johnson? Marsha P. Johnson was an influential leader of the gay liberation movement in the ‘60s and ‘70s. Marsha was a black trans woman who made her living through sex work and drag performances, but her real passion was activism for those like her, as evidenced by her involvement in different movements, after the events at the Stonewall Inn. Marsha was born in 1945 in New Jersey, but moved to New York in 1966 to pursue a new life under her new name. She was often homeless after her move, and struggled with her mental and physical health, among other things. When she moved, she rebranded herself in order to help her focus on her new life. She gave herself the name Marsha P. Johnson, stating that the P stood for “Pay it no mind,” her life philosophy.

violence and harassment at the hands of the police, so they decided to fight back. In the following days, people from all walks of life organized in the form of protests and riots, to fight against the injustice faced at the Stonewall Inn. Johnson was one of these people. At the raid, she resisted arrest and decided to lead most of the protests afterwards. These protests spread, and they inspired the first pride parade only a year later.

After the Stonewall Riots, Marsha, along with Sylvia Rivera, created Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR), one of the very first trans rights organizations in America. Marsha also became a member of the Gay Liberation Front and started the STAR House in 1972 as a safe haven for homeless LGBT+ youth. Marsha’s identity is sometimes In 1969, when the Stonewall Inn was raided, Marsha was only 23. debated. Although it is a widely accepted fact that she was a trans Patrons of the bar faced extreme woman, the word transgender didn’t

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by parker mcelroy by uday lingampalli by inchara j. by sahithi lingampalli

exist in widespread media the way it does today, so it’s almost impossible to actually know what she identified as. Further complicating this is the fact that Marsha worked as a drag queen, so it’s debated as to whether or not her name was what she preferred or if it was just her drag name.

started by a black trans woman, but it is also important to remember that Marsha was so much more than that. She was a pillar of her community in New York and has also become a pillar of the entire LGBT+ community, and she should never be forgotten.

She died in 1992 after her body was found in the Hudson River. Her death was ruled as an accident, though that ruling is still debated due to the limited investigation done on the case. This includes the fact that she was a black trans woman and a prominent activist, making her a very likely target for homicide. Marsha was seen as a mother to all who frequented the shelter that she ran. She had a vibrant personality and was regarded by her peers as the “mayor of Christopher Street”. It is more important than ever to remember that the largest and most well-known gay rights movement of all time was

Afghanista The Afghanistan war has been occurring for 20 years, and the conflict has only intensified since then. The Afghanistan war began when America started bombing Afghanistan, after 9/11, until they handed over Osama Bin Laden. This war was initially targeted at Al Qaeda and the Taliban but even when Osama Bin Laden was found and assassinated in 2011, the war has still been going on 10 years after that, and counting. As of right now, the conflict is not only between America and Al Qaeda and the Taliban, but between the terrorist organizations and the Afghanistan government. The Biden Administration recently announced that they are planning on withdrawing all troops from Afghanistan on September 11, 2021. This marked the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. There are around 3,500 troops in Afghanistan. A deal made with the Taliban and the Trump administration plans for all troops to be fully gone by May 1st. "We have … long known that there is no military solution to the problems plaguing Afghanistan, and we will focus our efforts on supporting the ongoing

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War

by Neve Walker

peace process," a Biden Official said. Although withdrawing troops from the conflict sounds like an amicable idea in theory, in actuality, the situation is far more complex and will ultimately cause Afghanistan to enter into a “brutal period.” Withdrawing troops may stop the war in America’s viewpoint, but the war would still be going on in Afghanistan.

After the Taliban threatened to “defend its religion and homeland and continue its Jihad and armed struggle against foreign forces to liberate its country”, the Biden administration has made it a plan to get the troops out by September if all American troops were not out by May 1st. Biden has said that it is of no American interest to be at war with the Taliban. Biden is also working with other NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization- countries to withdraw the troops during the same period. In just the first half of June, there have been 327 security forces and 82 civilians that have been killed. There are 11 districts of Afghanistan that are under Taliban rule. Everyday, the amount of death tolls just continued to accelerate. . According to the post, the Taliban vows to continue the war until Afghanistan is fully under Islamic rule.

Edited by Myint Myat Theingi Layout by Arushi Patil Art by Nivi Chozhan

ANTI MUSLIM BIAS IN CANADA References used, however, citations cannot be found.

STONEWALL RIOTS

G, M. (2017, January 18). History of the Legendary Stonewall Inn. Blog. https://www.exp1.com/blog/untold-nyc-history-legendary-stonewall-inn/. History.com Editors. (2017, May 31). Stonewall Riots. History.com. https://www.history.com/topics/gay-rights/the-stonewall-riots. Pruitt, S. (2019, June 13). What Happened at the Stonewall Riots? A Timeline of the 1969 Uprising. History.com. https://www.history.com/news/stonewall-riots-timeline.

WHO WAS MARSHA P. JOHNSON?

The Legacy Project. (n.d.). Marsha P. Johnson - Inductee. Retrieved from: https://legacyprojectchicago.org/person/marsha-p-johnson BBC. (2020, June 30). Pride Month: Who was Marsha P. Johnson and why were they so important?. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/52981395 Coke, H. (2020, June 25). The inspiring life of activist and drag queen Marsha P. Johnson. Tatler. Retrieved from: https://www.tatler.com/article/who-is-marsha-p-johnson-drag-queen-gay-activist

AFGHANISTAN WAR

Susannah G, E. 2021. As the US pulls out, the Afghan war enters a brutal phase.Independent. Retrieved from: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/us-troop-out-afghanistan-warb1863156.html BBC. (n.d.). E. 2012. The history of the Afghanistan war - CBBC Newsround. BBC News. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/15214375 Ryan P and Christopher W, E. 2021. Biden plans to pull all US troops out of Afghanistan by the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 terror attacks. Business Insider. Retrieved from: https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-plan-withdraw-us-troops-afghanistan-911-report-2021-4 Fatima F and Najim R, E. 2021. Afghan War Casualty Report: June 2021. New York Times. Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/03/world/asia/afghan-war-casualty-report-june-2021.html Lyne O D, E. 2021. Taliban Map Out Future Vision for Afghanistan. Foreign Policy. Retrieved from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/06/08/taliban-future-afghanistan-war-zabiullah-mujahid-interview/

Tech & The UFO

Virtual

Mystery

Reality Therapy for

The Universe has proved itself to be a glorious repository of miracles and surprises. Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) have mystified children and adults alike. Recently, a UFO was spotted in Ludhiana, India. What could this mean?

page 27

People with PTSD We've discovered many different uses for virtual reality, but a new application has been found! Can virtual reality really help those with PTSD?

page 29

Design How Solar

LGBTQ+

Eclipse

People in

Glasses

Technology

Work We’re always told never to look directly at the sun or solar eclipses. Instead, we have to wear solar eclipse glasses, but how exactly do they work?

page 31

In honor of Pride Month, learn about people who have greatly impacted the industry. Read more about them in this article!

page 33

The UFO Mystery Recently, in Punjab, India, people were awestruck to see an illuminated object blazing through the sky. They described it as an “oval-shaped object with burning lights on both sides” (Shankar, 2021). After such an obvious description and the photo and video proof that went viral on social media, people thought this mysterious object was a UFO.

US Presidents and UFOs UFO sightings are not uncommon in the United States. Jimmy Carter, the 39th President of the United States, stated that he saw a UFO in Georgia in 1969 before he became president. In 2019, a Navy video was leaked in which an unidentified spherical object was flying low, skimmed the surface of the ocean for a couple of minutes and then disappeared underwater with a splash. Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the US, said on television that there were some things he couldn’t tell people about UFOs (Shankar, 2021).

Past Proofs

In a recent video, an unknown man shouts, “Holy s***! They’re moving fast… They’re turning around!” as UFOs were swarming Navy ships. “Project Blue Book”, the code name for the systematic study of unidentified flying objects was developed in 1952 by the US. Its data states that there have been over 5,000 alien encounters. A study by the Center for UFO Studies in Illinois reported 60,000 cases of alien activity in 113 countries out of which over 30,000 were just sightings. Billy Meier, a well-reputed researcher, traveled to India for UFO sightings, since India is known to have plenty of UFO sightings regularly. In fact, he returned to the US with a number of photos of spaceships in the Delhi skies. A report says that UFOs are regularly seen in Kongka La, an area between India and China.

The Structure of a UFO Might help you to spot one!

Propulsion Shape A UFO is generally defined as having an unusual shape, the most frequent of which is a disc or cigar shape without wings.

Motion Though UFOs travel faster than sound, they practically pass through a vacuum-like region, producing no sound at all.

Appearance UFOs are often described as brilliant lights in the sky in most reports. Even in the few photographs that have been caught, all that can be seen is a dazzling ball of light. There are no vapor trails either.

The propulsion mechanism of a UFO is said to be hidden, which may explain why it can travel at incredible speeds and vanish in the blink of an eye. Many people have also observed that an alien object can start a vertical climb or make sharp twists.

The key to finding out the truth about such speculations is further space exploration and research. Or maybe, we don’t really want to know the truth. As Stephen Hawking once said, “We only have to look at ourselves to see how intelligent life might develop into something we wouldn’t want to meet.”

Written by

Ameya Aneja Edited by

Kavya Gurunath Travel Ability Despite traveling at double the speed of nuclear submarines, some eyewitnesses report that a UFO hits the ocean water without causing a ripple.

Layout by

Aathmika Radhachandran Art by

Cal Shin-Koh 28

Virtual reality can be found in our everyday lives. It’s in the military to prepare with simulations and formulate strategies. It’s in healthcare for professionals to practice certain surgeries without running the risk of endangering patients. It’s even common in video games. Now, we can add yet another application to the list - PTSD therapy.

VIRTUAL REALITY

for people with PTSD WRITTEN BY ANVITHA MATTAPALLI EDITED BY HARVI KARATHA & SHOFFANA SUNDARAMOORTHY LAYOUT BY INCHARA J ART BY SAHITHI LINGAMPALLI

Firstly, what is PTSD? PTSD stands for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. When someone experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, recovery may be difficult. PTSD is a disorder that can result from this. The person relives the event in their daily lives or through nightmares. They may try to avoid places that trigger memories of the traumatic event. PTSD is commonly treated with medication or cognitive behavioral therapy. Recently, virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) has become popular as well. VRET has been used in the past for other mood and anxiety disorders, but this marks the first time it is being used for PTSD.

In order to understand how virtual reality exposure therapy works, we need to dive into exposure therapy. When people with PTSD avoid their fears and/or remembering the event, it can cause their PTSD to become more severe. Doing so also prevents them from learning about the situation. For

instance, if a person was used in a relationship, they may have difficulty forming new ones or maintaining their current ones. This is detrimental to their health as they are lacking the love and social interaction needed to live a high quality life. Exposure therapy helps with this by placing the person in a similar environment of the traumatic event to face their fears head on.

For some cases, the person can be in a real-life scenario to mirror the event. But in other cases, this can be dangerous. If we consider someone who has fought on a battlefield, their scenario is not something we can recreate because that puts them in danger. This is where virtual reality comes in. The person either wears the head-mount screen or stays in a room surrounded by computer screens. Visuals are presented on the screen to create the desired environment the person must face their fears in. Other senses may be used through sound and smell to enhance the experience. After going through virtual reality exposure therapy, the person will talk about how they felt with their therapist and by using this regularly over time, the intensity of their PTSD symptoms will decrease.

Soldiers have used virtual reality exposure therapy to reduce their PTSD symptoms. It is not quite common due to its high expenses, but some therapists do offer this method. Most therapists also provide other versions of exposure therapy. It is through the advancement of technology like virtual reality exposure therapy that we make this world a better place.

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon casts a shadow that covers part of the Earth. The Sun becomes partially covered as well, allowing for beautiful sights in the sky. To see solar eclipses, people travel far and wide. With excitement, they may look at the Sun before the solar eclipse occurs. This can be dangerous as direct eye exposure to the Sun’s UVA and UVB rays can lead to serious eye problems like macular degeneration or even blindness. Others may choose to wear sunglasses or 3D movie glasses, but these do not provide nearly as much protection as the best equipment - solar eclipse glasses. While sunglasses can block only about 15% of light, solar eclipse glasses can block almost all ultraviolet rays and visible light. This is due to the difference in materials. Sunglasses are made of glass or plastic, both of which are not strong enough to prevent light from shining

through. Solar eclipse glasses, however, are made of a special type of material called black polymer. It is a resin that consists of carbon molecules. This makes them up to 100,000 times darker than your branded sunglasses!

As for 3D movie glasses, these are not helpful at all with solar eclipses. Although they appear darker like authentic solar eclipse glasses, they are meant for the projection of 3D images, something that is not related to solar eclipses. The light will still be able to shine through the flimsy plastic.

Within solar eclipse glasses, there are different types. You may find inexpensive, plastic ones that are sold in packs or high end solar eclipse glasses. While buying in packs or even making your own seem like the better deal, this is hardly the case. Recently, many people have been attempting to create their solar eclipse glasses and sell them online. Some may even be regular sunglasses with a sticker labeled ‘Solar Eclipse Glasses’ stuck on them. How can we tell which solar eclipse glasses are better? All solar eclipse glasses certified for safety are labeled with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 12312-2 label. In addition, ensure that the solar eclipse glasses you buy do not have lenses that are damaged. If you have undamaged solar eclipse glasses with the ISO 12312-2 label, you can watch the solar eclipse as long as you would like and reuse the glasses.

If proper solar eclipse glasses are not the right fit for you, there is another option. The pinhole projection is a common science experiment for elementary students that does not pose any dangers. To do this, all you have to do is make a small opening in an item (like a box or a card). Let the sunlight shine through it and onto another surface. When you do this experiment and watch the eclipse, you will not be looking directly at the eclipse. Instead, you will be watching the shadows the eclipse is casting. With more solar eclipses to come in the future, keep in mind how solar eclipse glasses work to ensure that you can watch the beautiful sights of the sky safely. written by Anvitha Mattipalli edited by Dominique Suniadji & Nivi Chozhan layout by Nivi Chozhan art by Juee Deshmukh

LGBTQ+ People in Technology June - a month for glorious pridededicated to the acceptance and inclusion of the LGBTQ+ community. This month is a time to bring attention to numerous impactful + individuals part of the community that changed the future with their hard work and dedication. Below are a few individuals who changed the world through activism and technology.

1. Leanne Pittsford

Leanne Pittsford is the CEO and founder of Lesbians Who Tech & Allies. The organization includes over 70,000 non-binary, LGBTQ+ women, queer women of color and fellow allies. In 2017, Pittsford launched the Tech Jobs Tour. The tour connected “diverse and non-traditional talent” to numerous open U.S. jobs. Furthermore, she launched include.io, a platform for marginalized technologists and

recruiters. Pittsford was formerly a senior director at Equality California from 2006 to2010, an LGBTQ organization behind “No on Prop 8,” which declared same-sex marriage illegal. The concept was said to be unconstitutional in 2013 with the efforts of Pittsford and many other advocates (Lesbians Who Tech).

2. Peter Arvai Peter Arvai is the executive chairman, co-founder and CEO of Prezi. Many students and teachers might be familiar with this Hungarian presentation software company. According to Dixa, a European software company, the site has over 325 million public presentations as of April 2018 (Dixa). Arvai “has worked incredibly hard to champion

diversity and inclusion at Prezi” since 2009, making it onto the outstanding LGBTQ+ Role Model list, emphasizing his efforts to make workplaces more welcoming to LGBTQ+ individuals. Arvai is one of Hungary’s few openly gay leaders, a place where being a member of the LGBTQ+ community is challenging; Places like these don’t permit same-sex couples to have the same rights as heterosexual couples (Dixa). Arvai and his team are working to display to the country that it is acceptable for LGBTQ+ individuals to be open about their sexuality.

3. Edith Windsor

Edith Windsor was a technology manager at IBM and a gay activist who fought and won against the Defense of Marriage Act. Windsor was in love with Thea Spyer; however, when Spyer died, the government expected $350,000 in estate taxes (NPR.org). The two met in 1967, and Spyer proposed to Windsor with a pin with diamonds instead of an engagement ring. They were concerned about the potential risk of being questioned; therefore,t would take decades for Windsor and

Spyer to be able to marry each other. Unfortunately, Thea Spyer died only two years later, and Edith Windsor was faced with a large sum of money to pay. DOMA, an act which implied that same-sex marriages are less worthy than heterosexual ones, blocked her from receiving benefits from the marriage, so Windsor set up a legal fight to obtain justice. In the end, the court voted in favor of revoking DOMA in 2013, and the act was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Unfortunately, Windsor died at 88 in September of 2018. Nevertheless, Edith Windsor paved the way for many happy marriages. The trailblazers mentioned above are examples of how one’s sexuality does not define his or her worth and actions. Thus, if someone is part of the LGBTQ+ community, he or she is equally qualified and worthy enough to make an impact across the world. Happy Pride Month!

Written By Juee Deshmukh Edited by Jeet Parikh, Jason Liu, & Nivi Chozhan Layout by Sahithi Lingampalli & Harini Akurathi Art by Thejo Tattala Images from twitter, forbes, & time 34

Tech & Design The UFO Mystery 1. AP Agency. (2021, May 9). String of satellites baffles residents, bugs astronomers. ETTelecom. https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/string-of-satellites-baffles-residents-bugsastronomers/82493512 2. Lewis-Kraus, G. (2021, April 30). How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/05/10/how-the-pentagon-started-taking-ufos-seriously 3. Looming US intelligence report to address UFOs. (2021, May 27). The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/looming-us-intelligence-report-to-addressufos/articleshow/83004495.cms?from=mdr 4. Shankar, R. (2021, June 13). Are aliens real? Close encounters of many kinds. The New Indian Express. https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2021/jun/13/close-encountersof-many-kinds-2314455.html

Virtual Reality Therapy for People with PTSD 1. BrainLine. (2021, June 7). Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET). BrainLine. https://www.brainline.org/treatmenthub/virtual-reality-exposure-therapy-vret. 2. Tull, M. (2020, June 29). How Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) Treats PTSD. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/virtual-reality-exposure-therapy-vret-2797340.

How Solar Eclipse Glasses Work 1. Peters, L. (2017, August 17). How To Determine Whether Or Not Your Solar Eclipse Glasses Are Legit. Bustle. https://www.bustle.com/p/do-solar-eclipse-glasses-work-heres-how-to-make-sure-yours-will-actually-protectyou-77211 2. How Do Solar Eclipse Glasses Work? (2019, December 3). Rx Prescription Safety Glasses. https://rx-safety.com/2019/08/how-do-solar-eclipse-glasses-work/

LGBTQ+ People in Technology 1. About Lesbians Who Tech’s Founder - Lesbians Who Tech & Allies. (2021, March 4). Lesbians Who Tech & Allies. https://lesbianswhotech.org/about/leanne-pittsford/ 2. Leanne Pittsford | Technologist, Diversity Leader, Entrepreneur, Speaker. (2016). Leanne Pittsford. https://leannepittsford.com/ 3. LGBTQ+ Tech Innovator: Peter Arvai. (2020, August 21). Dixa. https://www.dixa.com/blog/lgbtq-tech-innovatorpeter-arvai/ 4. Edith Windsor, Whose Same-Sex Marriage Fight Led to Landmark Ruling, Dies at 88 (Published 2017). (2021). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/12/us/edith-windsor-dead-same-sex-marriage-doma.html 5. Edith Windsor, LGBTQ Advocate Who Fought The Defense Of Marriage Act, Dies At 88. (2017, September 12). NPR.org. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/12/550502373/edith-windsor-lgbtq-advocate-whofought-the-defense-of-marriage-act-dies-at-88

science the psychology behind ptsd The neuropsychological cause of Post-traumatic stress disorder and it’s great impacts on an individual.

"ring of fire” solar eclipse On June 10th, 2021, a “Ring of Fire” solar eclipse occurred. What are solar eclipses, and why was this one so special?

microplastic dilemma Plastic that enters our waters doesn't ever truly break down, instead it is turned into microplastic. People ingest about a full credit card’s worth of plastic every week without even realizing it. Further consumption of plastic can cause health and developmental problems.

notable LGBTQ+ scientists Happy Pride Month! To celebrate Pride Month, this article will cover a couple of LGBTQ+ scientists, who have made incredible discoveries and fought to make the world a better place.

the psychology behind

written by Ashmita Annamalai & Anvitha Mattapalli

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that may occur in people who have either witnessed or experienced a traumatic event, such as a severe accident, a natural disaster, a sexual assault, or a near-death situation. This condition may last months or even years, and usually will not alleviate without psychotherapy. When trauma first occurs, our “reptilian brain” (the brain stem, which is responsible for the most important functions of life such as breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate) takes control. The brain stem triggers the “fight or flight” response and all body and mind functions that are not vital are shut down so our body can recognize and focus on what we need to survive. After the threat goes away, the parasympathetic nervous system resumes the functions that were shut down earlier. However, for some trauma survivors, the after effects of the experience remain. For these people, the brain’s “threat and alarm system” becomes very sensitive and is triggered easily. This causes the parts of the brain that are accountable for thinking and memory to stop functioning properly. Because of the

PTSD

overly sensitive nature, it is hard to separate “normal” events happening in the present from dangerous events that happened in the past. There are three main parts of the brain that contribute to PTSD: the amygdala, the prefrontal cortex, and the hippocampus. The amygdala is responsible for emotions and can detect threats in the surroundings. It activates the “fight or flight” response and “then activate[s] the sympathetic nervous system to help deal with the threat” (Telemynd). People who have PTSD usually have an overactive amygdala, causing irrational thoughts. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is responsible for regulating attention and awareness, making decisions about the best response to a sudden situation, determining the significance of events, regulating emotions, and inhibiting dysfunctional reactions (Telemynd). For people who have PTSD, the PFC is underactive and the regulation of emotion and dysfunctional reactions does not occur at the right times. Lastly, the hippocampus is responsible for storing and retrieving memories and differentiating between past and present experiences. Succeeding a

art by

Vrinda Gandhi

layout by Harini Akurathi & Arushi Patil

PTSD has various impacts on a person. About 80% of all people with PTSD have another similar disorder, which include depression, substance abuse/addiction, anxiety, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The person may experience the traumatic event through nightmares.

PTSD is caused by the witnessing or experiencing of a traumatic event that is hard to recover from. In the brain, their amygdala overworks and cannot be calmed down, leading to the person re-experiencing the event. The person may isolate themselves from others or have difficulty with being in places that remind them of the event. Their loved ones may also struggle to support them. However, PTSD is treatable. Therapies and medications are available to help those with PTSD and overcome the traumatic event.

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Nerves connect these three parts of the brain together. When a person experiences PTSD, these nerves do not function like they usually do. The hippocampus is unable to store the memory of the traumatic event. The amygdala is overwhelmed with emotion and cannot be relaxed, even when the prefrontal cortex sends it a message.

These experiences may also be provoked by triggers around the person that remind them of the traumatic event. Because of this, the person may try to avoid situations that resemble the traumatic event or become startled easily. Some other impacts include lower performance in education or work, disinterest, lack of sleep, autoimmune diseases, eating disorders, and self-harm. PTSD doesn’t only harm those suffering from it; it also harms the person’s loved ones. It can be difficult to support people with PTSD due to their side effects from it. This can cause divorce, abandonment, and hardships in relationships. This can also affect the mental health of the person’s loved ones.

Thejo Tattala

traumatic event, “the hippocampus works to remember the event accurately and make sense of it” (Telemynd). However, since trauma is generally overwhelming, the information is not coded correctly. This means that someone with PTSD might have trouble recalling important details of the event and may or may not overthink about what happened because the hippocampus is working extremely hard to try and make sense of the situation.

SOLAR ECLIPSE Solar eclipses are rare, but when they occur, they are a sight to see. The most recent one was the “Ring of Fire” solar eclipse on June 10th, 2021, a special type of solar eclipse that started at 9:55 UTC and is not projected to occur again for at least another two years. Solar eclipses occur when the Sun, Moon and Earth are all in a straight line with the Moon being in between. (If the Earth was in between, it would be a lunar eclipse.) The Moon’s shadow blocks the sunlight from shining on Earth, providing amazing sights in the sky. This only happens roughly twice a year because of the slight angle at which the Moon orbits the Earth; These two periods of time are known as eclipse seasons. The chances of a solar eclipse occurring are even slimmer than eclipse seasons, as for this phenomenon to take place, the Moon must be in the new moon phase of its cycle. There are three types of solar eclipses: total, partial and annular. The type depends on the part of the Moon’s shadow that blocks the sunlight.

total solar

eclipses. A total solar eclipse is when the umbra (the central region of the Moon’s shadow) is apparent and the center of the Sun is blocked. The sky begins to darken, and the Sun’s atmosphere, the corona, becomes visible. The corona can only be seen during total solar eclipses, making this a crucial time for researchers and astronomers.

A pa penumb Moon’s of the S area of blocked,

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a total solar eclipse.

annular

By Anvitha Mattipalli Edited by Kavya Gurunath, Harvi Karatha, & Jeet Parikh Layout by Sierra Tan

annular solar

Art by Cal Shin-Koh

eclipses.

artial solar eclipses.

partial solar eclipse.

artial solar eclipse is when the bra (the outer region of the shadow) is apparent, and part Sun is blocked. The larger the the part of the Sun that is , the darker the sky becomes.

wever, this past solar eclipse

a total or partial one. It was an solar eclipse.

Annular does not come from ‘annual’; It comes from the Latin word ‘annulus’, meaning a ring. During an annular solar eclipse, the Moon’s antumbra (the region of the Moon’s shadow just after the umbra) is apparent, so the only visible part of the Sun is a ring of light (‘ring of fire’) around the Sun.

an annular solar eclipse.

Annular eclipses can run for 3-6 hours long, but the actual period of time where the ring of fire can be seen is only for 12 minutes or less. There are 5 stages in an annular eclipses. The first contact is when a partial eclipse starts. The Moon’s shadow begins to cover the sunlight here. The second contact is when the ring of fire becomes visible. Beads of light (Baily’s beads) shine across the circumference of the shadow. The maximum eclipse is when the Moon covers the Sun. The third contact is when the ring of fire can no longer be seen. Baily’s beads may be seen again here. Finally, the fourth contact is when the Moon moves away and the eclipse concludes. We experienced an amazing solar eclipse on June 10th. The next annular solar eclipse is expected to occur October 14, 2023. Be sure to watch it!

written by grace yoon edited by kavya gurunath, taruni manam & ameya aneja Microplastic is a global problem. It impacts everyone. Companies have been mass-producing products that involve plastic in one way or anotherfrom packaging to distribution. Although many plastic products we see are advertised as recyclable, only 9% of them are recycled. 12% are incinerated, and the rest are in landfills or out in nature. Plastic waste is everywhere to be seen, including our oceans; the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is measured to be three times the size of France. Plastic is not biodegradable; instead, it breaks down into tiny pieces, called microplastic. They can be smaller than 5mm in dimension, and these microplastic bits impact our environment, body and more. Microplastic greatly impact the marine environment. More and more animals end up consuming these tiny bits unknowingly- including us. Microplastic is found in many places, including our food. According to some studies, the average person consumes over 70,000 microplastics per year. This number will only increase if plastic is not properly disposed of. The number of plastic on

Earth quite literally outnumbers the number of people on Earth. Since 1950, over 8.3 billion tons of plastics have been produced. Even after subtracting all the recycled plastic, we are still facing over 5 billion tons of plastic waste that is not properly disposed of. Microplastic is found in our water, air and food (such as fish, honey, salt, sugar and such). Although it is believed that microplastic doesn’t greatly affect our health, direct contact with it can have effects on us on a cellular level. Depending on many variables, such as size, shape and chemical makeup, it can cause many health problems. Since microplastic particles can’t be digested, they can cause obstruction and complications in one’s body. Because the study of microplastic is fairly new, no one is completely sure of the extent of the damage daily microplastic consumption can do. Besides digestive issues, microplastic can disrupt the development of newborns. A new study found microplastics in human placentas which can affect their health, development and immunity

layout by inchara j art by cal shin-koh mechanisms. With so many unknown effects microplastic can cause, people must do their part to reduce the amount of plastic waste made. Plastic itself can be very useful as it is mostly cheap and durable. The real issue with plastic is the single-use lifestyle accustomed to many. If these plastics were recycled and reused more, the amount of microplastic in our water could decrease. People could also volunteer for beach cleanups and use more biodegradable options over plastic. Choosing to use utensils made out of starch may not seem like much, but showing the general public’s interest in the environment can pressure big companies to change their methods as well. However, this does not mean you absolutely can’t use plastic- it is simply a suggestion to avoid using single-use plastic products. However, changes occurring in one or two communities, unfortunately, do not make a great impact. People have to start protesting and urging companies to change their wasteful methods to truly make an impactful change.

Written By Kavya Gurunath Edited By Anvitha Mattipalli, Dominique Suniadji

Unsung Heroes Scientists are the unsung heroes of the world. They dedicate every day of their lives to trying to make the world a better place with their discoveries and experiments. Some scientists, however, didn’t only change the world but changed minds with their activism, open mindedness and courage. In honor of Pride Month, this article will cover the lives and impact of two incredible scientists, both of whom are part of the LGBTQ+ community.

Sara Josephine (1873-1945)

Baker

Sara Josephine Baker was a lesbian physician and activist. Her father died of Typhoid fever when she was 16 years old which motivated her to go to medical school. At the time, there weren’t many female doctors, but Baker was determined and confident in her decision. After college, she joined the New York City’s Department of Health, where she realized the terrible living conditions of people in the city’s slums. She realized that they could prevent many health problems if they increased the hygiene of the people, an idea considered revolutionary at the time.

Notable LGBT She set up a series of neighborhood health stations to improve hygiene. Immediately, there was a decrease in the number of diseases and sickness and medical needs for children. All 48 states modeled a system of neighborhood health stations after Baker’s example. She is best known for her discovery of the sources of the Typhoid Mary, which affected many people at the time. Her discovery of the sources allowed treatment and prevention of the disease. Other extraordinary accomplishments of Baker’s include being the first woman to receive a doctorate in public health from New York University School of Medicine and the first director of a children’s public health agency in the United States-the New York Bureau of Child Hygiene. She revolutionized the way we think about medicine, health and hygiene. Additionally, she also lobbied and publicly spoke for changes to the public health system. She was a leader in the movement for social medicine. She opened the door for female doctors. She battled gender discrimination as well. She was publicly lesbian, and though she didn’t discuss it much, she paved the way for women and lesbians in a male-dominated society.

TQ+ Scientists Ben Barres (1954-2017) Ben Barres was a transgender neuroscientist and activist. He wanted to be a scientist from a young age. He attended MIT for a biology degree and then a medical degree at Dartmouth College. His work with glial cells, which are cells in the brain, changed the way we think about them. Glial cells were thought to have no function and just took up space. However, through his work, Barres found that glial cells convey various signals to neurons and control the formation of synapses, which are junctions between brain cells. He also discovered a specific type of glial cells, A1 astrocytes, that secrete a toxin that leads to degenerative conditions in the brain. He developed a drug that could inhibit the production of these conditions, and this drug could potentially be used to treat diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's. Ben, born Barbara, never felt comfortable as a female. At the time, gender dysphoria wasn’t discussed at all. There was a period where he couldn’t sleep while he weighed between transitioning to male or committing suicide. In the end, at 40 years old, he transitioned to male, and his community of scientists was extremely supportive.

Layout By Aathmika Radhachandran Art By Nivi Chozhan However, he noticed that he was treated differently. People who didn’t know he was transgender treated him with more respect than he was treated with before he transitioned. This realization caused him to spend much of his life supporting and fighting for women’s rights. He lobbied for the protection of women from sexual harassment in the workplace. He committed to debunking the idea that women are inferior biologically when it comes to scientific ability. He also helped improve representation of women in all fields of science. He is a transgender role model to many. He felt he had to speak openly about being transgender for the LGBTQ+ community.

Courage and Heart Scientists always leave an impact on the world. However, these two scientists especially changed a lot of lives. They both fought for people they felt deserved more and became role models by paving the way for LGBTQ+ representation in scientific fields. They show that you can change the world not just with your smarts, but with your courage and heart as well.

references the psychology behind science Pacific Grove Hospital. (n.d.). Signs and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. https://www.pacificgrovehospital.com/ptsd/symptoms-signs-effects/ Hammer, Paul S. (May 29, 2013). DCoE Director Explains Science Behind PTSD. https://www.brainline.org/article/dcoe-director-explains-science-behind-ptsd Telemynd. (n.d.). The Science Behind PTSD: How Trauma Changes The Brain. https://www.telemynd.com/blog/the-science-behind-ptsd-how-trauma-changes-the-brain

"ring of fire” solar eclipse Freudenrich, C. (2021, February 28). How Solar Eclipses Work. HowStuffWorks. https://science.howstuffworks.com/solar-eclipse.htm Hocken, V., & Kher, A. (n.d.). What Is an Annular Solar Eclipse? Timeandate.Com. Retrieved June 17, 2021, from https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/annular-solar-eclipse.html

microplastic dilemma Haslam, F. (n.d.). The big problem of microplastics - University of Nottingham - The University of Nottingham. University of Nottingham. Retrieved June 17, 2021, from https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/connectonline/research/2018/the-big-problem-of-microplastics.aspx Hwang, J. (2020, April 30). Potential toxicity of polystyrene microplastic particles. Scientific Reports. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-64464-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=fa823d77-d43a4821-a495-cc9dea7eddbb O, J. (2021, February 4). 3 Solutions to reducing Microplastics in Our Oceans. L’Aquila Active. https://laquilaactive.com/3-solutions-to-reducing-microplastics-in-our-oceans/

notable LGBTQ+ scientists 6 Important LGBTQ Scientists Who Left a Mark on STEM Fields. (2021, May 31). Orlando Science Center. https://www.osc.org/important-lgbtq-scientists-who-left-a-mark-on-stem-fields/ Dr. S. Josephine Baker. (2018, August 8). QueerBio. https://queerbio.com/wiki/index.php?title=Dr._S._Josephine_Baker Freeman, M. (2018, October 22). Ben Barres: neuroscience pioneer, gender champion. Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07109-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=ee442bd3-8b654bb2-889a-f3c0287f837f S. Josephine Baker. (2015, June 3). Changing the Face of Medicine. https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_19.html Svodoba, E. (2018, November 14). Ben Barres: A transgender scientist shares his story. Spectrum. https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/ben-barres-transgender-scientist-shares-story/

life

STY L E

Organizing PRIDE 101!

Summer Bucket List!

Learn how to organize a pride rally in your city, given to you from the personal experience of Parker McElroy in organizing a pride rally himself in his city!

This is a fun bucket list for teens and youth to try out this summer in order to make the most out of their vacation and branch out of their comfort zone!

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How to Make Crème Brûlée

How to Cope with Deteriorating Mental Health

Crème Brûlée is a sweet and delicate dessert, perfectly combining crunchy and smooth textures. Though time taking, it is easy to make with this step-by-step recipe.

When you are at your worst, staying positive and staying strong will help you slowly climb back up. Here's some information on how to cope with deteriorating mental health

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organizing T

his year, I was given the absolute privilege to organize pride in my small, conservative town. I say given, but I just emailed the town telling them that I would be doing something for pride. The town just accepted it. While writing this article, I was running events and coordinating with people for about three weeks, so here is what I have learned: Firstly, many logistics go into forming a pride committee. When I started this initiative, I was just expanding upon what I already do as the leader of the Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA) in my school and hoping it would go on without any bumps. Little did I know that when you start trying to organize a pride, you need to focus on three key things:

1 Until you get direct approval from your town, move quietly and stay away from the press. If you are in the papers or on the news too early on, the town could feel threatened and either deny your existence or have you walking on eggshells.

Registering your name and your committee with your province/state is essential to ensure your continued existence. This step is just cutting through the red tape so that you can have the freedoms that an established organization has.

Careful with sponsors and merchandise when you are first starting. Until you are officially registered, no pride merchandise that is sold with your platform as a marketing tool can be marketed with your name. This is another red tape thing, but in the early stages, it's best to stay on the good side of the government. written by Parker McElroy edited by Harvi Karatha, Taruni Manam & Shoffana Sundaramoorthy layout by Sahithi Lingampalli art (Heart) by Nivi Chozhan

wh now wh thr exp the hav pe do the hig pe out and on pe blo pas som wo you

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Secondly, find someone who knows hat they are doing. I would be where without the two individuals ho were put in contact with me rough my town. They have perience on a pride committee, and ey have so many connections which ve helped us out a bunch. These ople are my mentors, and they have ne more for pride in our town than ey would ever admit to; therefore, I ghly recommend finding at least one rson like them. Consider reaching t to an established pride near you d getting in contact with someone the board or finding older queer ople who have been around the ock a few times and are willing to ss down their wisdom—just find meone. They don't even have to ork with you: they just need to help u get started. Thirdly, networking! To me, there e three sections to networking; vertising, business, and connections. r advertising, my current method is ry community based. I created a cebook page, scheduled posts rrelating to my planned events, and ked the town to repost all the posts at I made. This has worked so far, but is also important to recognize your dience. My main platform right now

101!

is Facebook because I wanted to reach out to the older generations and raise visibility. The problem with this is that no one from my age group is on Facebook, so they don't know that this is happening at all. My business motto is also very community-based. Since pride is not a business, this section focuses on collaborating with businesses. In my town, we have tons of local makers, so I reached out to some of them about making pride merchandise. A few businesses even offered to donate some of the proceeds! Word spreads fast through small businesses, so target them first and watch your movement grow. I know almost nothing about connections, but I know that they have helped us a lot. Reach out to people who you think could help and figure out where they fit into your plans, it makes all the difference. Above all, have fun. Pride is about diversity and acceptance, and you should always keep those beliefs at your core. I will always be learning new things on this journey. All I can hope is that I leave something semi-stable for my predecessors to carry on.

s u 2021m mbuckeet listr by Anvitha Mattapalli & Geethi Tarra

This is a fun bucket list for teens and youth to try out this summer in order to make the most out of their vacation and branch out of their comfort zone! Print out and check off this list! Need an easier way to print? Visit: https://bit.ly/2U7Ib87

Get vaccinated (if you are comfortable) Try out a new food! Go to the beach with your friends/family Have a dance party in your room Binge watch a whole TV show or movie series Dress up and go to a fast food restaurant

Edited by Samita Pandit, Myint Myat Theingi, & Neve Walker Artwork by Cal Shin-Koh Layout by Sahithi Lingampalli

Have a picnic with friends Take a picture with a stranger Learn a new TikTok dance/follow a dance tutorial Try to cook a three course meal on your own Have a bake off competition with your friends Learn a new instrument! Create a scavenger hunt for your friends/family

Volunteer to help those in need! Recreate a picture from when you were little Shop local brands Make and fly your own kite Make your very own time capsule Go hiking with your friends/family Make an obstacle course with your friends Start a blog or diary Check out a museum Go stargazing with your friends/family Hold a fashion show with your friends Wake up early to watch a sunrise Teach someone about your favorite hobby Spend a weekend to go camping without bringing any technology Recycle garbage around your house to create something out of it Play one of your favorite games from childhood Learn a new language! Read a book from a new genre Make a bouquet of flowers for your family Find items around your house to donate

Write your autobiography Pick fresh fruits/vegetables at a farm with your family! Start your own garden Make your own dessert from scratch! Go on a road trip with your family Tie-dye some T-shirts Random Act of Kindness! Make a playlist of your favorite songs Learn how to skip stones Try out a new wardrobe Make some snacks! Have an outdoor movie night with your friends/family Scrapbook all your memories from this summer Try a new board game Make toys to donate to animal shelters

how to make

CRÈME BRÛLÉE 55

Ingredients 3 cups heavy cream or 3 cups halfand-half 1 teaspoon vanilla extract ⅛ teaspoon salt 5 egg yolks ½ cup granulated sugar Some more sugar for topping (amount is your choice, based on your preference) Process may take several days for best result

Materials Saucepan Medium-sized bowl Whisk Kettle (or hot water) 8 Mini Ramekin Pans Baking Pan Oven Thermometer (Optional) Blow Torch or Broiler

Process

1. Preheat Oven to 325° F 2. Mix the cream/half-and salt in the saucepan over Set to medium-high h brought to a gentle boil. 3. Remove from heat an vanilla extract. Cover an for 5 minutes. 4. In a medium-sized bowl, yolks and ½ cup sugar with a whisk, until well-m the mixture is lighter in co 5. Add the cream one ladle into the egg mixture, quickly between each add 6. Place the ramekins (a ra small dish for baking and individual portion of foo baking pan. Fill the custa into each ramekin. 7. Fill the baking pan (about the way) with hot water the pan with the ramek oven for about 25-30 m until the sides look set middle is jiggly. Alternat can use a food thermo check. They will be done reach 170℉. 8. Remove from the oven each ramekin on a coo Once cool, place in the fr least 4 hours.

d-half and the stove. heat until

nd mix in nd let cool

, beat egg r together mixed and olor. e at a time whisking dition.* mekin is a serving an od) in the rd mixture

t ½ inch of and place kins in the minutes or t, and the tively, you ometer to when they

and place oling rack. ridge for at

written by Samita Pandit & Thejo Tattala

edited by Kavya Gurunath, Taruni Manam, & Shoffana Sundaramoorthy

layout by Vrinda Gandhi

art by Evelyn Chen

6/22/2021

9. Topping: To top, spread a thin layer of sugar on each custard. Then use a blow torch to caramelize the sugar. Alternatively, you can place the ramekins on a baking sheet to place in the broiler and broil just until caramelized.**

Tips 1. * To prevent the eggs from scrambling, quickly and thoroughly whisk the cream and egg mixture. 2. ** If you do not have a blow torch, you can produce similar results using the broiler. Set the broiler on high heat and place the custards inside until just caramelized. Be sure to keep a watch to prevent the sugar from burning.

how to cope with the At times, you might feel helpless, as if a pair of hands is suffocating your every effort to stay alive and well. You keep sinking in a flurry of precarious thoughts without a lifeline to help you up. I myself have felt that way. Many times. Through my experiences, I have learned a lot about strength, trust, and growth. It’s hard to stay standing when the world around you crumbles, demolishing the stability you possess. Yet, you have come this far and you must have it in you to hang on to the edge, hold a hand, and slowly climb back up, no matter how long it takes.

Negative thoughts tend to flood our senses and strangle our necks more than anything. As impossible as it may seem to run away from them, thinking positively and repeating reassuring words to yourself will support your brain because your brain listens to you. Another way to lock up dangerous thoughts is through guided imagery, a technique I use often even when I am just mildly stressed over something as simple as a school exam. It focuses on the understanding of your senses and the riddance of stressful thoughts. Listed here are some of the steps I take.

At your worst points, breathe. Taking deep breaths inhibits the release of a hormone called cortisol, decreasing your stress levels and helping you to stay stable in tough situations. If you find yourself in the middle of a panic attack and unable to breathe, try applying pressure on your sternum, or the breastbone. It will open up your lungs and help you breathe.

1. Play calm, meditative music. 2. Lie down in a place without distractions. 3. Close your eyes. 4. Loosen all of your muscles and then contract them all at once. After a couple of seconds, loosen them again. Do this multiple times. 5. Then, take slow deep breaths in a 47-8 pattern (inhale for 4 seconds, hold for 7 seconds, release for 8 seconds).

strength: hang on to the edge

of mental health 6. Once you feel calm, picture yourself in your happy place. 7. Start from the tips of your toes and note any sensations you feel (ex. prickling, poking, aching, bubbling, jerking), all the way up to the top of your head. 8. After, take mental note of any images you picture in your mind. 9. Recognize any feelings that you are currently feeling and take time to understand them and why they are there. 10. Take note of what you feel in that moment. 11. What you smell in that moment. 12. What you hear in that moment 13. What you taste in that moment. 14. And finally, what you see in that moment. 15. Understand any thoughts you have in your mind, both positive and negative. 16. Then, you must build a safe or container for yourself. You can do this by constructing a mental container that you feel will protect your thoughts. Think about the design, the colors, how it opens, and its security.

After you have designed one, you will keep this with you indefinitely. It is your safety box. 17. Open your box and put in any unnecessary thoughts you previously identified inside. It is up to you if you would like to come back to them or not. 18. Lock up the box and put it in a safe place. 19. Run away from the box to your happy place and rest there while taking 4-7-8 breaths. Stay as long as you would like. 20. Once you feel at peace, wiggle your fingers and toes to bring back presence. 21. Slowly get up, one vertebrae at a time. 22. Finally, open your eyes.

I tend to take around 20 minutes to complete the steps, but you can take as long as you would like. I encourage you to try it whenever you want to unwind and clear up your mind.

trust: hold a hand Even though I am surrounded by my family and friends, I felt alone for a very long time. I bottled up my feelings inside of me, and it caused me to deteriorate; but, I found that when a friend opened up to me, I slowly opened up to them as well. Establishing trust can develop a strong support system. Your personal support system can be your friends, your family, your journal or diary, a TV show, a music artist, or anything that helps you feel safe and comforts your mind. Trust will take time, and that is totally acceptable.

growth: climb back up As time passes, you will begin to heal. To allow yourself to grow and heal, it is important to understand that your feelings are 100% valid. If you want to cry, cry as much as you want. If you want to scream, scream as much as you want. If you want to laugh, laugh as much as you want. You ARE allowed, and encouraged, to express your emotions.

Crying, screaming, and laughing all help to release toxins, relieve stress, and have significant results when it comes to clearing up your mind. During the healing process, you will encounter dips in your mental health, but I know you will come back stronger than ever. During those dips, staring out a window and listening to your favorite music or doing your favorite activity will help you be at peace with your mind and body. The process is truly beautiful, as you learn to love yourself and spread that love as well. Listen to what your mind and body have to say and protect them. Nothing is more important than your health: not school, extracurriculars, or social connections. Understanding your mind and body will help you grow as a person and come back up, better than you were ever before. I believe in you, and in time to make everything alright. If it’s not alright, then it’s not the end. So keep fighting. Break free from the suffocating hands that hold you back. And slowly rise. written by ashmita annamalai edited by anvitha mattapalli, samita pandit & arushi patil layout by inchara j art by thejo tattala

references

How to Make Crème Brûlée

Bittman, M. (2003, March 19). Vanilla Crème Brûlée. The New York Times. https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/9039-vanilla-creme-brulee. Sally, A., & Sally. (2021, February 4). Easy Crème Brûlée. Sally's Baking Addiction. https://sallysbakingaddiction.com/creme-brulee/.

opinion

Should incentiv people vaccine

From free do offered by th across the US to the people be doing this

cash prizes and other ves be used to motivate into taking the COVID e?

onuts offered at Krispy Kreme to $50,000 lotteries e state of California, governments and companies SA have been offering cash prizes and other incentives getting the COVID vaccine. However, should they ? page 63

Should cash prizes and other incentives be used to motivate people into taking the COVID vaccine? No.

by Sahithi Lingampalli The US has lost over 16 trillion dollars (Cutler) from COVID-19 pandemic-related costs, which includes everything from obtaining personal protective equipment and vaccine doses to the general economy drop from the reduced jobs and downturn in spending. Unemployment was at 14.8% in April 2020, and even though it is at 6.1% now, finding jobs remains exceedingly difficult due to companies trying to save costs, as well as the firing to hiring ratios being high (Congressional Research Service). Many households face food shortages, overdue rent, and even the loss of an essential family member, leading to greater financial burdens. Although it may seem contradictory, the immense financial burden brought about due to the pandemic is why I believe that cash prizes should NOT be used to motivate people into taking the COVID vaccine.

Due to these financial troubles, states like California are giving away $1.5 million to 10 vaccine lottery winners, whereas other states like New Mexico are giving away $5 million as a grand prize (Dodd). Even though these prizes seem extremely useful to families that are struggling to survive in this pandemic, there is no way to distinguish these troubled families from ones that are well off. Everyone, despite their financial status, has an equally likely chance of being picked, and the families that need the money the most don’t get any extra names in the hat. This is why I believe that instead of using cash prizes to motivate people into taking the COVID vaccine, other incentives can be used. Krispy Kreme, for example, is giving one free donut every day when you show your vaccination card, and Indiana residents get one free box of Girl Scouts Cookies at their vaccination appointments.

The mone NOT putting lotteries can COVID relief, families that This way, guaranteed to who needs it t Despite ho money would the vaccine s an incentive. yourself, to p importantly, nation. Prizes bonus, but th reason to take

No.

by Anvi

On May 2 Government provide ince Covid-19 vac would incre Some of the ticket in l incentives d throughout th not be used taking the Cov Firstly, receive the m more than vaccine, so ultimately be its purpose, offered to tho want to take t

ey that can be saved by spa financially motivated to take it.spa exists, but somebody else g it into vaccination cer However, we cannot tell which peoplecer is going to take care of it instead be used towards fall in which category. Someone could instead of me”. That’s not which would better help go to a vaccine center and claim that how it works. Everybody are especially burdened. they are taking the vaccine only for needs to help in order for the money will be the money when they were already society to move forward, o go to a family or person motivated without it. Countries all over and they have to do it the most. the world have already lost trillions of without the help of ow beneficial winning the dollars due to the pandemic. They are incentives. d be, cash, prizes, or not, not ready to increase these numbers shouldn’t be taken to win for the sole purpose of vaccinating a It is meant to protect few more people, as that will only protect others, and most make it harder for them to bounce to defeat COVID as a back economically. s are there as an added This is also an unfair usage of the Cash prizes and other hey shouldn’t be the only money. Millions of people have lost incentives should be used e the vaccine. their jobs due to the pandemic. On to motivate people into one hand, it’s unfair to give the taking the COVID-19 government’s money to those who vaccine. We have been need a motivation boost for the living in this pandemic for vaccine instead of those who need the over a year, and finally money for survival. On the other hand , have a solution that could 25th, 2021, the US Federal people without jobs might feel possibly bring an end to allowed its states to obligated to take the vaccine in order quarantine, social ntives for receiving the to gain money. distancing, and rising ccine in hopes that it This brings us to morality. How COVID-19 cases. We all ase vaccination rates. moral is it to pay someone to help the need to act now to bring ese incentives include a greater good? People need to this pandemic to an end. lotteries. While these understand that they play a role in Cash prizes and other id improve vaccination society and accept the responsibility incentives range from a he country, they should they have to ensure the health of free donut to million dollar to motivate people into themselves and other people. Paying payouts. States and vid-19 vaccine. people to do good only promotes the private companies have it’s unclear who should mentality of indifference. People won’t started offering incentives money. Many people are find the need to be kind or helpful out for people who get the willing to receive the of nature when they can financially COVID-19 vaccine. For paying them would benefit from doing so. Not only does example, Krispy Kreme a waste of money. As per this result in major money loss, it offers a free glazed donut the money should be causes less empathy and teamwork to to anyone with a ose who originally did not solve some of society’s largest issues. vaccination card. On the the vaccine, but were It brings the idea that “this problem state level, Ohio

Yes.

by Kavya Gurunath

itha Mattapalli

announced a state vaccine lottery to anyone getting the vaccine (Dickler, 2021). On June 10, 2021, the winner of one of California’s first “Vax for the Win” lottery won $50,000 (Bloom, 2021). I myself got a 20% off coupon to use with a CVS purchase after getting the first dose of the COVID vaccine. The United States CDC says that about half of the population has had at least one shot of the COVID vaccination. However, the rate of people getting the vaccine has reduced throughout the United States (Dickler, 2021). Incentives are the key to getting the rate of people getting the vaccine increasing again. To effectively have herd immunity for COVID-19, we need to have 70% of people vaccinated (Watson, 2020). Herd immunity will slow the spread of the virus, so that the virus won’t spread as easily from person to person (Mayo Clinic, 2021). Herd immunity also helps protect the people who can’t get vaccinated by reducing the spread of COVID-19. A bunch of states have said that vaccination rates have increased after incentives have been added. Ohio states that rates have doubled in some areas of the states after the state vaccine lottery was announced. Recent surveys have shown that the vaccine incentives might encourage some demographics to get the vaccine compared to others. One poll said that men are more likely to be motivated than women. Democrats are more likely to get the vaccine for

the incentive than Republicans. Millennials are the generation most willing to get the vaccine for the incentive (Dickler, 2021). Even if more demographics are more likely to get the vaccine, we still need as many people to get the vaccine as possible. If more people get the vaccine, not only are they protected, but they also protect others that could catch the virus. Overall, cash prizes and incentives seem to be working so far and they help the United States get closer to herd immunity.

Edited by Geethi Tarra, Cindy Zhang, & Arushi Patil Layout by Sahithi Lingampalli Art (money) by Nivi Chozhan

references sahithi lingampalli

Cutler, D. M., Cutler, P. D. (2020, October 20). The COVID-19 Pandemic and the $16 Trillion Virus. JAMA. Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2771764#:~:text=The%20estimated%20cumulative%20financial %20costs,domestic%20product%20of%20the%20US. Falk, G., Nicchitta, I., Romero, P., Nyhof, E., & Carter, J. (n.d.) Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (2021, June 15). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R46554.pdf Dodd, S., & Puhak, J. (n.d.). How to Get the Best COVID-19 Vaccine Freebies and Incentives, from Food to Money to Sports Tickets. PEOPLE.com. https://people.com/health/covid-19-vaccine-freebies-incentives-rewards/.

anvitha mattapalli

Emily A. Largent, J. D. (2021, February 9). Problems With Paying People to Be Vaccinated Against COVID-19. JAMA. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2775005. Groppe, M. (2021, May 26). Federal government gives OK for states to offer lotteries, cash incentives for vaccinations. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/05/25/covid-vaccine-feds-ok-lotteries-cash-incentivesvaccinations/7436394002/.

kavya gurunath

Bloom, T. (2021, June 10). ‘Still in disbelief,’ says 1st California vaccine lottery winner to speak out; next draw for $50,000 prizes is Friday. KTLA 5. https://ktla.com/news/california/still-in-disbelief-california-vaccine-lottery-winner-speaks-out-ahead-offridays-draw-for-50000-prizes/ Dickler, J. (2021, June 1). Do vaccine incentives work? Krispy Kreme says giving away 1.5 million free doughnuts has helped. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/01/do-vaccine-incentives-work-krispy-kreme-says-freebies-have-helped.html Mayo Clinic. (2021, June 9). Herd immunity and COVID-19 (coronavirus): What you need to know. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/herd-immunity-and-coronavirus/art20486808#:%7E:text=Herd%20immunity%20occurs%20when%20a,just%20those%20who%20are%20immune Watson, S. (2020, April 28). Coronavirus Immunity and Reinfection. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-immunity-reinfection#1

Question of the Month:

Parker McElroy

I had an ongoing panic attack for three years before I told my family. I wrote a letter to my mom, gave it to her, and we went to a movie so it was chill. My biggest coming out tips is to be fully comfortable with yourself before coming out to anyone else. Coming out is hard, but coming out to yourself is harder

Kavya Gurunath

To make someone who is coming o feel more comfortable, I would let the know that I am there for them matter what. I'd make sure they f like they can trust me and honor all their requests for me to use n pronouns, names, etc. I'd ask them there was anything that they would l me to help them with. I would also them know that I am proud of them having the courage to come out.

out hem no feel all of new m if like o let m for

What tips do you have on coming out to your loved ones? Bonus: share your coming out story (if you are comfortable)! What would you do to make someone who’s coming out feel more comfortable?

Sahithi Lingampalli

I would support them on their journey and help them in any way possible! It may be hard at first on you, but it's harder for the person making that change, and at that moment, they need all the support they can get, especially since there will always be haters. I'd definitely do research on changing genders (for example: the changes that most people will undergo from female -> nonbinary, etc., and what this means for them) and try to make them as comfortable as possible in their new lifestyle, not to mention (of course!) using the new pronouns, names, and anything else that they request to be used :)

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July 2021

Articles inside

The UFO Mystery

LGBTQ+ People in Technology

Virtual Reality for People with PTSD

How Solar Eclipse Glasses Work

“Ring of Fire” Solar Eclipse

Who Was Marsha P. Johnson?

The Microplastic Dilemma

Notable LGBTQ+ Scientists

July 2021

The Psychology Behind PTSD

Afghanistan War

Anti-Muslim Bias in Canada

Should cash prizes and other incentives be used to motivate people into taking the COVID vaccine?

How to Cope with the Deterioration of Mental Health

The Mother of Pride

Summer 2021 Bucket List

Organizing Pride 101!

How to Make Crème Brûlée

Gilbert Baker