June 2022 by The Affair Magazine

CURRENT AFFAIRS IN A WAY YOU'LL LOVE

THE MANDELA EFFECT

NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH AWARENESS

DO GRADES REALLY MATTER?

Sahithi Lingampalli founder art co-director

Ashmita Annamalai

vice executive public relations co-director

Cindy Zhang

politics & world events codirector

Evelyn Chen

art co-director

Taruni Manam

Kavya Gurunath

vice executive lifestyle co-director

vice executive science co-director

Samita Pandit

Uday Lingampalli

lifestyle co-director

Mia Grace

editing director

Cindy Zhang

politics & world events codirector

opinion co-director

Juee Deshmukh

Aathmika Radhachandran

science co-director

public relations co-director

Helen Bian

layout co-director

DESIGN BY HELEN BIAN

Harini Akurathi

layout co-director

Rachel Adam

politics & world events codirector

Thejo Tattala

tech co-director

Anvitha Mattapalli tech co-director

meet the staff

WRITERS: Rachel Adams Gunkriti Kaur Kavya Gurunath Taruni Manam Akshaya Vimalraj Ashmita Annamalai Isabel White Brooke Huppert Mia Grace Kashika Mishra

ARTISTS: Evelyn Chen Thejo Tattala

EDITORS: Uday Lingampalli Nitya Baratam Jashan Mehta Rachel Adam Shoffana Sundaramoorthy Siya Gupta Mia Grace Cindy Zhang Isabel White Kashika Mishra Kavya Gurunath Taruni Manam Dominique Samantha Juee Deshmukh Tanvi Jeph Ashmita Annamalai Samita Pandit Ameya Aneja Thejo Tattala

LAYOUT DESIGNERS:

Helen Bian Sahithi Lingampalli Harini Akurathi Mikaela Cadiz Tanishka Gangavelli Shoffana Sundaramoorthy

contents

TECH

3-D Printed Food

Lapsus Cyberattacks

WORLD POLITICS

Uvalde School Shooting

The 2022 Midterm Primary Election

Roe v. Wade

Science

PTSD

The Gut Microbiome

How is Perfume Made?

LIFESTYLE

The Ultimate Guide to Coming Out

Beginner's Guide to Gardening

Infatuation vs Love

Stepping into the Real World

OPINION

Is Dieting Culture Ok?

TECH

3D FOOD PRINTING Doesn’t 3-D printed food sound like a faraway innovation that would be featured in a sci-fi film? However, thanks to the hard work of researchers at Cornell University, it is now a reality.

LAPSUS

CYBERATTACKS Cybercrimes have increased and much discussion has surrounded one specific group of cybercriminals who have a strong social media presence— Lapsus. Let us know about the Lapsus$ cyberattackers.

FO P

Doesn’t 3-D printed food sound like a far However, thanks to the hard work of r

Surprisingly, 3-D food printers aren’t exactly new - the first ever model for this type of printer, named “Fab@Home” was tested at Cornell University in 2007. It could produce various figures like spiders, flowers, and hearts - all made with liquified food. The Fab@Home printed “cake frosting, Nutella, chocolate, and processed cheese” (McHugh, 2017).

• Barilla, in collaboration with TNO, developed a printer for pasta to create unconventional pasta shapes that would be impossible to replicate with traditional machines.

• In Germany, the company Biozo Smoothfoods uses plant-bas ingredients to produce familiar meals elderly patients in nursing homes w struggle with dysphagia - difficu swallowing. This has helped to so malnutrition issues in these patien who find liquified meals unappetizin Thanks to Biozoon, the elderly are on again able to enjoy their favorite food while the texture of the food is sligh smoother, it retains the integrity, loo and flavor profile of it, critically bringi a sense of familiarity and comfort them.

• BeeHex’s “Chef 3D” robot prints and bakes pizzas in just six minutes! The printer, originally funded by a grant from NASA, was built so that astronauts on missions to Mars could

• Natural Machines’ “Foodini” w developed in Spain. It can create a wi variety of innovative dishes - fro chickpea dino nuggets to guacamo resembling a salamander!

Since then, companies have released a variety of printers. Here are a few examples:

quickly make tasty, fresh food themselves (in contrast to the typi space diet of bland freeze-dried myste meals). (Gohd, 2017).

OOD PRINTING Written by Rachel Adam Layout by Mikaela Cadiz Uday Lingampalli, &

Art by Thejo Tattala Edited by Ameya Aneja, Anvitha Mattapalli

raway innovation that would be featured in a sci-fi film? researchers at Cornell University, it is now a reality.

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The Foodini is a massive time-saver since instead of having to, for example, individually prepare raw ingredients for and shape/roll/mold multiple chicken nuggets, ravioli, or quiches; instead, essentially, with the press of a button, in 2-20 minutes, you’ll have a whole meal in front of you! All you need to do is cook the completed meal, if necessary. Unlike many other food printers, it is available for the public to purchase and costs $6,000. • In 2019, Open Meals, a Japanese company began developing a novel concept for a sushi restaurant, named Sushi Singularity (which was slated to open in 2020), centered around improving consumers’ health with the use of 3D-printed sushi. Prior to making a reservation, customers would be sent a health testing kit to analyze their feces, saliva, and urine. This data would be used to learn about what nutrients their clients need, in order to make a personalized meal for them.

The printer would then, in front of diners’ eyes, craft and inject these essential nutrients into their sushi using a robotic arm. There are currently 8 different types of sushi that the printer is able to make. Two in particular stand out. “Squid Castle,” modeled after a traditional hirayama-style castle, uses flash-frozen squid to recreate the castle in remarkably fine, realistic detail, and features a stone wall below made of rice, holding the structure together. “Dashi Soup Universe” is best described as a snow globe, but it is made out of soup. The special soup is produced with membranes formed by a chemical reaction between alginic acid and calcium lactate, leading the dashi to coagulate into a jello-like texture forming the “globe.” Spheres with abstract art float in the soup. The “universe” floats on a bed of rice, reminiscent of snow.

According to Foundry4, 3D-food printers could help sustain our skyrocketing population. In a scientific study, it was found that people were more inclined to eat mealworms if they were added to a shortbread cookie mix. Scientists theorize that 3D printers could be used to rapidly print mealworms - and other typically unappetizing insects into the shape of familiar foods like cookies, making consumers more likely to try them, reducing food waste. Also, mealworms, crickets, and other insects have a high protein content, further enriching our diets.

Anecdotally, an anonymous Foodini user claimed that their son absolutely hated guacamole. One day, in a demonstration of how the printer worked, they decided to print guacamole in the shape of a salamander, to see if their son would like guacamole if it was printed in a “fun” shape. It was an instant hit, and he now regularly enjoys it as a replacement for unhealthy snacks. Could this technology be the key to improving our health and sustaining the planet? Only time will tell.

World-renowned technology companies have now been facing cyberattacks from a gang called LAPSUS$.

For all we know, LAPSUS$ is a group of cyber criminals who are young teenagers. According to the leads from the cybercrime researchers, we know that out of the gang of seven, one of its members resides in the U.K and the other in Brazil. The group publishes a telegram poll where they upload the company’s data. The group only carries out highprofile data breaches. They are so skilled at hacking that they have made researchers believe that they are automated.

LAPSUS$ recruits employees or insiders from their targeted organization or company. Then, they make the employee install any desk or any remote management software on their workstations to gain illicit data. According to Microsoft, LAPSUS$ mostly gains illicit access to targets via “social engineering.” This involves bribing or tricking employees at the target organization or its myriad partners, such as customer support call centers and help desks. Microsoft also said that “LAPSUS$ has been seen calling a target organization’s help desk and attempting to convince support personnel to reset a privileged account’s credentials”.

Let’s take the example of what happened with Microsoft and how it was able to save its company from the attack. LAPSUS$ was all set to release the source code of Microsoft but was later interrupted due to already announcing their plan online. Microsoft took action and saved the company from attack.

LAPSUS$ RECRUITING EMPLOYEES/INSIDERS VIA ITS TELEGRAM CHANNEL LAPSUS$ mostly stole the company’s source codes and is best known for its data exfiltration. They leak this information on the internet. As of April 23 LAPSUS$ has stolen the following company’s data: Globant Samsung T-Mobile Okta Ubisoft Nvidia Microsoft Vodafone

ONE OF THE LAPSUS$ GROUP MEMBERS ADMITTED ON THEIR TELEGRAM CHANNEL THAT THE MICROSOFT SOURCE CODE DOWNLOAD HAD BEEN INTERRUPTED

While they mostly attack high-end technology-based companies, any organization in any field can suffer a major attack like this. All companies should do their best to keep their data encrypted and hire an ethical hacking team who can help them protect their data.

INTRODUCING THE TOPIC OF...

WORLD POLITICS

pg 15

UVALDE MASS SHOOTING 21 innocent people, killed. 18 others, injured. An entire nation, devastated. The recent Uvalde School Shooting has once again sparked up the debate regarding gun violence while also stirring anger, fear, and sadness in the hearts of individuals across the United States and beyond.

The 2022 Midterm Primary Election A brief overview of how a midterm primary election works in general terms, as well as a few key highlights from the 2022 Primary thus far.

pg 19

ROE V. WADE pg 21

A summary of Roe v Wade, abortion rights, and what the leaked draft means.

CONTENT WARNING: MASS VIOLENCE, SCHOOL SHOOTINGS

UVALDE MASS SHOOTING NOTE: This article was written on June 3, 2022, and the content may not be up-to-date. To learn more about the Uvalde school shooting and how you can get involved, visit the links at the end of the article. Continue to research, educate yourself, and remember the innocent lives lost.

Nevaeh Alyssa Bravo (10), Jacklyn Cazares (9), Makenna Lee Elrod (10), Jose Manuel Flores Jr. (10), Eliahna Garcia (9), Irma Garcia (48), Uziyah Garcia (10), Amerie Jo Garza (10), Xavier Lopez (10), Jayce Carmelo Luevanos (10), Tess Mata (10), Maranda Mathis (11), Eve Mireles (44), Alithia Ramirez (10), Annabell Rodrigues (10), Maite Rodriguez (10), Alexandria “Lexi” Rubio (10), Layla Salazar (11), Jailah Nicole Silguero (10), Eliahna Torres (10), and Rojelio Torres (10). These are the victims of the Uvalde school shooting. We cannot forget the names of those who lost their lives and were never able to live out their dreams; we cannot reduce their existence to merely numbers. They will be remembered for their great bravery and beauty.

The Uvalde school shooting is now the second-deadliest school shooting in American history after the Sandy Hook Elementary School Shooting. It has sparked greater discussion surrounding gun control in the United States as many people ask themselves: how many more lives do we have to lose until meaningful change is made? What do we have to do to put a stop to the violence? While America is greatly divided over laws regarding firearms and their regulation, the nation is united over one thing: this devastation needs to end. Immediately after his 18th birthday, Salvador Ramos purchased two AR-15 rifles. It has also been stated that he had several unaddressed mental health issues, ultimately leading to a tragedy. Before he even stepped foot on Robb Elementary School’s campus, he had fired his AR-15 directly in his grandmother’s face. She survived the attack but may never be able to speak again. The shooter then drove to the elementary school in his grandmother’s vehicle, crashing it into a ditch upon arrival. After shooting at two witnesses, he walked through the school parking lot, shooting at vehicles and the school. At approximately 11:33 am, Salvador

Ramos entered the campus. He was not stopped until 12:50 pm, almost an hour and a half later (although there were officers present at the scene), when he was shot dead by a Border Patrol Tactical Unit officer. During that time, he killed 19 children and 2 teachers whose names are listed above. He injured 18 others, including his grandmother. While young children were ruthlessly murdered, the police present at the scene did little but prevent the devastated parents from entering the school. After the heartbreaking shooting at Uvalde, the public ensured that the lives of the victims and their families would not be forgotten. Schools all over the United States participated in walkouts, protests, and rallies against gun violence and in favor of gun control. With the phrase “never again” burning within their hearts, their voices resonated all across America in hopes of swaying the government into taking action. Signs with the phrases “Protect Kids Not Guns” and “One Child Gone is Too Many” were held up high. Students Demand Action, an organization of young activists committed to ending gun violence in communities across the U.S., put together a nationwide school walkout on May 26th, during which many schools displayed solidarity and unity. Another one is coming up on June 7th in response to the lack of action taken against gun violence. While protests and rallies echoed across the nation, at least 20 MASS

Students at Canyon Crest Academy (CCA) in San Diego, California organized a protest against gun violence under Students Demand Action on May 26th, 2022. Names of organizers include Sydney Chan (10th grader), Keala Minna-Choe (10th grader), Ashmita Annamalai (10th grader), Aaron Combs (10th grader), and Sarah Strasberg (11th grader) Photo courtesy: Sophie Sills, 11th grader at CCA Refer to this news story for more information on the protest: https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/sandiego-students-participate-in-walkouts-toprotest-gun-violence-after-texas-schoolshooting/2957312/

SHOOTINGS have occurred since Uvalde (with a mass shooting being defined as a minimum of three or four victims of gun violence). It has been a mere 10 days, and there have been 20!! In recent years, there have been more mass shootings than the number of days in a calendar year, including 2022 (and 2022 is not even over yet!). The media has been shaken up as well. On social media platforms, the amount of fear, anger, and sadness that has been spreading around is immense. People are using their voices and audiences to fight back against the devastation of death and loss that we have seen these past few weeks. However, no amount of protests or social media activism has been able to sway the government into taking substantial action just yet (although there has been some progress in the Federal government branches). On top of that, the National Rifle Association, the largest pro-gun lobbying group, held its annual conference a mere 3 days after the Uvalde shooting. They celebrated the usage and circulation of guns in the U.S., citing the Second Amendment. Guns were showcased at parties, and many gun supporters— including ex-president Donald Trump— were present. Trump gave a speech at the NRA conference addressing the mass shooting that occurred. He mentioned every way to prevent mass violence except for gun regulation (such as needing more security in schools, the safety of neighborhoods, the role of teachers, approaches to mental health,

and the distribution of money). Many other nations like Australia, Japan, and Norway have taken immediate action against gun violence in the past, eliminating mass shootings in their countries. Gun violence drastically reduced in these nations and they see little to no instances of gun misuse today. We can only hope that the U.S. government takes immediate action against the recent devastating occurrences in society. However, until then, all we can do is support organizations and speak out against the violence that kills innocent lives and affects innocent families. Attend protests and rallies, use your social media to raise awareness, and donate money to anti-gun violence organizations (such as Everytown, Sandy Hook Promise, and Students Demand Action) if you can. Your voice is important in this fight. Sending so, so much love to all those who have been affected, and praying for a better future in America.

LINKS YOU SHOULD CHECK OUT! Students Demand Action: https://studentsdemandaction.org/ Everytown: https://www.everytown.org/ Sandy Hook Promise: https://www.sandyhookpromise.org/takeaction/volunteer/ Learn about the victims of the Uvalde Shooting: https://apnews.com/article/uvalde-school-shooting-shootingstexas-education-a5b21cface8837e830ed2f9bb4bbcf3c Mass Shootings 2022 Report: https://www.gunviolencearchive.org/reports/mass-shooting

WRITTEN BY

Ashmita Annamalai & Mia Grace

Cindy Zhang, Isabel White & Rachel Adam LAYOUT BY

EDITED BY

Helen Bian

The 2022 Midterm Primary Election Written by Isabel White Edited by Nitya Baratam, Rachel Adam, and Jashan Mehta Layout by Shoffana Sundaramoorthy

A brief overview of how a midterm primary election works in general terms, as well as a few key highlights from the 2022 Primary thus far. Although it has been easy for many Americans to forget about the midterm election quickly approaching in November-signifying 2 years since Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump in a historical race for the presidency-the primaries preceding November began as early as the middle of February. Despite the excitement (and unrest) that comes along with a presidential election, this year’s midterm election determines a crucial asset for either party that will set the course of the next couple years: control of Congress. Many know what the presidential election every 4 years entails. However, midterm elections seem like an entirely different (or perhaps more intimidating) league of their own that many do not know how to navigate. Members of the Senate must go up for

reelection every 6 years. Therefore, approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election or reelection every 2 years. In addition, members of the House of Representatives must go up for election or reelection every 2 years. A 50/50 Democrat-Republican split is not guaranteed in either half of Congress (this only happened by coincidence in the last 2 years of the Senate). Therefore, control of Congress is the major goal for either party in the midterm election in November. A primary, then, is an election with several members of the same party running against both one another and the opposite party, with a goal of being in the final standings to run in November for a position. In other words, Congressional primary elections typically (as there are several exceptions to this) produce 1 Democrat and 1 Republican that will run against one another in a few months’ time. The purpose of the current elections, then, can be thought of as a sort of “weeding out” process. What tends to further complicate primary elections is the fact that it is up to the state’s legislation to decide when and how the election operates. There are 3 types of primaries that can take place: Closed Primaries require a voter to be a registered member of a party to vote in that party’s primary. For example, if you were a registered Democrat, you would vote in the Democratic primary

and would not be allowed to vote in the Republican primary. In several states, there is at least one party that holds closed primaries. These states include Delaware, Kansas, Maine, Florida, Kentucky, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming.

strong as ever, his overall hold on the state is coming into question, as Governor Brian Kemp won by 52 points over Trump-backed candidate David Perdue. Also, Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger and Attorney General Chris Carr achieved victories despite Trump’s criticism.

Open Primaries do not necessarily prevent voters from voting in either party’s primary based on their political affiliation. In some states, this means either party’s primary is open to registered members of that party along with independents (someone who has not registered as either a Republican or a Democrat). In several states, this could also just mean that party registration is allowed on voting day.

The first several Democratic primaries have intensified the gap between moderates and progressives, even in the same party, due to redistricting. For example, in Oregon, Rep. Kurt Schrader and Jamie McLeod-Skinner were pitted against one another. Although Schrader was endorsed by both President Joe Biden and was the current representative of the district, the lines had been re-drawn so drastically that half of the voters had not even heard of his name.

Blanket Primaries only occur in a few states, including California. California holds a modified type of blanket primary in which voters choose any candidate from any party on one ballot, and the top 2 advance to the general election. This could mean that 2 members of the same party (typically Democratic in California) may run against one another. This is also known as a Top-Two Primary system. Now that the way in which primaries work is more clear, we can look at some key highlights from the elections that have already begun: In Georgia, although Trump’s hold on White, Republican, male voters is as

In Pennsylvania, Dr. Mehmet Oz (Trump-endorsed) and David McCormick competed for the position of Republican Senator. No matter who advances to the General Election in November, both hold some skepticism about the validity of past elections. However, this does not necessarily mean they support the “big lie” (that Trump rightfully won the 2020 election). Finally, in North Carolina, Madison Cawthorn, a highly controversial candidate for the House of Representatives, conceded the race to State Senator Chuck Edwards.

Roe v. Wade By Brooke Huppert Edited by Shoffana Sundaramoorthy, Siya Gupta, and Mia Grace Art by Thejo Tattala ,Layout by Tanishka Gangavelli Justice’s opinions on Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization was leaked. The leak was completely unprecedented - in the 233 years that the SCOTUS has been operating, this has never happened. Although this is not the final draft, the 98-page document, written by Justice Alito, outlines the SCOTUS plans to overturn the ruling in Roe v Wade. This would allow states to create their own laws surrounding abortion. The ruling in the 1973 case, Roe v Wade, stated that citizens had a fundamental, constitutional right to terminate a pregnancy if they chose to, making abortion legal nationwide. This was based on the right to privacy. Jen, one of the creators of the YouTube channel, Fundie Fridays, which focuses on aspects of Christian Fundamentalism, sums it up nicely: “This was ruled to be the case because it was determined that birthers have a right to privacy in managing their own pregnancies.”

Before Roe v Wade, an estimated 200 women died every year from unsafe abortions. Women who wanted to have an abortion were forced to try and terminate a pregnancy any way they could, which often led to self-induced abortions. This case helped millions of people obtain safe, legal abortions. Based on data from 2013 to 2018, the mortality rate for legal abortions is now 0.41 deaths per 100,000 people (Diaz 2022). On the other side of the political spectrum, there have been those who have voiced concerns that life begins at conception. Sahotra Sarkar, a professor of philosophy, explains how the third stage of fetal development, when wave patterns emerge in the brain of a fetus, relate to abortion,”Disappearance of this pattern [brain waves] is part of the legal standard for human death; by symmetry, perhaps its appearance could be taken to mark the beginning of human life.”

Restricting access to abortion in certain cases has been a rallying call for the conservative right. The reasons why many religious conservative institutions, especially Evangelicals, are so anti-abortion include abortions perceived immorality and the belief that terminating a fetus is equivalent to killing a child. Kristin Kobes Du Mez, a professor and author, explains how Evangelical gender roles may have something to do with it. In her interview with NPR, she explains that some Evangelicals hold the belief that a woman's main role is to bear children, and that abortion appears to create a rift in this concept. She goes on to state that abortion is so important to some groups because it affects how they perceive “how God has ordered society” (Martin 2022).

For years, conservative lawmakers have been pushing targeted restriction on abortion providers or TRAP laws. These laws use the guise of women's health to make abortion providers jump through hoops that make it much more difficult for people to get abortions, and have destroyed access to safe abortion in many states. However, Democrats are far from blameless. Democrats have a history of not always keeping their promises when it comes to protecting a person's right to choose. For example, Senator Barack Obama promised to codify Roe, but once he took office, he explained that it was no longer a priority; this inaction made it easy for other politicians to restrict access, and should not be overlooked. For now, abortion is still a constitutional right, but for many people that will soon change. 49% of people who receive an abortion live at or below the poverty line (Morris, 2022) and for those who need an abortion in a state that will enact a total ban, it might not be possible to travel to get the medical care that they desperately need. The best thing for concerned citizens to do is call their representatives and urge them to do something, as well as donate to grass root abortion access funds, such as Indigenous Women Rising, Mississippi Reproductive Freedom Fund, and the Brigid Alliance.

SCIENCE PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental health issue that can greatly affect the lives of individuals who have gone through traumatic experiences. Learn more about what PTSD is, how it affects individuals, and how it can be treated in this article.

THE GUT MICROBIOME

HOW IS PERFUME MADE?

The gut microbiome is a separate organ inside the human body that is made up of trillions of microorganisms which are mainly composed of bacteria. This microbiome is involved in certain functions that are critical to a body’s health and wellbeing.

Perfumes are a part of our everyday lives, used in everything from soaps to ones made to spray on yourself. But have you ever wondered how they are made? Read on to learn more.

PTSD WHAT IS PTSD?

PTSD, short for post-traumatic stress disorder, is a mental disorder that can impact individuals who have experienced trauma in their past. These traumatic experiences can range from events of warfare to sexual assault. Around 1 out of 13 people will experience PTSD in their lifetime. This psychiatric disorder can affect anyone of any background but primarily tends to impact people of color.

HOW DOES IT AFFECT INDIVIDUALS?

PTSD leads individuals to experience disturbing thoughts and feelings surrounding the traumatic event following its occurrence. People with the disorder may have flashbacks or nightmares surrounding the event, heightened emotions, and detachment from others. They might avoid triggers associated with the event. There are four categories of symptoms of PTSD: intrusive memories, avoidance, negative thinking, and hyperarousal. These symptoms can vary from person to person and each individual manifests them differently.

WRITTEN BY EDITED BY ...

01INTRUSIVE THOUGHTS When someone is experiencing intrusive memories, the recollections of trauma are distressing. Flashbacks may occur where the affected person relives the event. Individuals may also have nightmares of the event.

AVOIDANCE 02

Symptoms of avoidance manifest when someone with PTSD intentionally avoids anything that reminds them of the event. They may resist thinking or talking about the event, avoiding people, places, or things that they associate with their trauma.

NEGATIVE 03 THINKING An individual's cognitive process may be drastically influenced by PTSD. Their mood may shift drastically, leading to negative self-talk and a pessimistic perspective of the world around them. Emotional detachment is common, with a pertinent feeling of numbness and struggle to experience positive emotions. Additionally, the individual may not fully recollect the event and their memory may falter.

... Mia Grace, Ashmita Annamalai Kavya Gurunath, Siya Gupta, Tanvi Jeph LAYOUT BY ... Helen Bian

HYPERAROUSAL 04

Symptoms of hyperarousal include changes in physical and emotional reactions. The affected person may have trouble focusing, aggressive behavior, and/or self-destructive habits. They also may be startled easily.

For PTSD to be diagnosable, symptoms must be prevalent for more than a month and be distressing to the point of impairment of daily life. They can arise shortly after the traumatic event or much later.

HOW IS PTSD TREATED? The negative impact PTSD can have on an individual’s mind and their life, in general, is immense. However, there are multiple ways to combat PTSD and treat it so that it can lessen its effect on a person’s life. Psychotherapy (also known as “talk therapy”) is the go-to method for PTSD treatment. Usually, cognitive therapy combined with exposure therapy is used most often.

01COGNITIVE THERAPY Allows an individual with PTSD to recognize the ways of thinking or cognitive patterns that keeps one stuck in their mind. To provide an example, negative beliefs about oneself and the risk of traumatic events occurring again may cause an individual to feel stuck or trapped. Cognitive therapy focuses on present thinking, behavior, problemsolving, and communication rather than dwelling on past experiences.

02EXPOSURE THERAPY A type of behavioral therapy that helps one to safely confront situations and memories that are frightening and teaches coping methods to deal with them effectively. It works by exposing a person to a stimulus that causes fear for the person in a SAFE environment in order to break the pattern of fear and avoidance.

MOVEMENT 03EYE DESENSITIZATION & REPROCESSING (EMDR)

It is used less often, but is still an effective method of treatment. EMDR combines exposure therapy with a series of guided eye movements that helps in processing traumatic memories and how one reacts to them.

The types of therapies addressed above can be done in an individual or group setting. Group therapy can provide a way for an individual to connect with others that are going through similar experiences. Whether to utilize one of these therapies or a combination of them is dependent on each individual’s needs and comfortability, and should be discussed with a mental health professional. As for medications, antidepressants (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs) and anti-anxiety medications are among the most used:

01ANTIDEPRESSANTS Help with symptoms surrounding depression and anxiety, which usually tag along with PTSD. They can additionally help improve sleep problems and concentration.

02ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATIONS Drugs that relieve severe stress and anxiety. Usually, they are only used for a short time because some of these medications have the potential to be abused.

If you or someone you know is struggling with PTSD, don’t be afraid to ask for help. The journey may be difficult, but it will be worthwhile.

The gut microbiome is a separate organ inside the human body that is made up of trillions of microorganisms which are mainly composed of bacteria involved in certain functions that are critical to a body’s health and wellbeing. Its main role takes place in the digestive system where it helps digest food and also helps with absorbing and synthesizing nutrients. Aside from this task, the gut microbiome also works with the body’s metabolism and weight, immune regulation, and brain functions, such as a person’s mood.

THE The gut microbiome develops in the human body very early. It is estimated to develop during the time a baby is still in the womb. When the baby comes out of the womb and is born, there are many factors that influence what types of bacteria will live and take part in the human’s body. Some of these factors could relate to genetics, lifestyle behaviors, the type of milk fed when young, etc. Due to these factors , each person’s gut microbiome is slightly different from another person’s microbiome.

The gut microbiome’s health is measured by its ability to perform its basic duties, such as helping with the digestive tract, synthesizing nutrients, and fighting off infections. It is also measured by its strong barrier which keeps the contents of the gut, such as undigested food particles, toxins, and microbiota from escaping into the area of the bloodstream. The gut microbiome also has the potential to become disrupted or imbalanced. This is called dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can be caused by issues such as stress to the body, illness, weight issues, antibiotics overuse, and issues with diet intake.

GUT

The most major cause of dysbiosis, however, has to do with a person’s diet. If a person eats too much processed food and foods with artificial sweetening, it could potentially weaken their gut barriers, causing a leakage of small particles such as bacteria and bits of food to escape into the main bloodstream, which can cause a range of diseases harmful to the human body.

perfume how is

made?

Perfumes have been used for centuries. From the time of ancient Egyptians to the 21st century, humans have used perfume. Now, they aren’t just used to enhance body odor. They are used to scent soaps, lotions, candles, cleaning products, and so many more products. We even have scents to make products seem unscented. Although most of us would define perfume as the sweet-smelling stuff we spray on our bodies, true perfumes are “extracts or essences and contain a percentage of oil distilled in alcohol” (How Perfume Is Made - Material, Manufacture, Making, History, Used, Parts, Industry, History, Raw Materials, n.d.). Ancient Egyptians created perfume as we know it today. They used natural sources of scent, such as myrrh, cinnamon, juniper, aromatic wood, etc. which were soaked and used as religious offerings and body lotion. The idea of perfume spread to Europe in the 13th century and eventually, by the 17th century, it was used for its healing properties. The plague was treated and prevented by placing spices, such as clove and cinnamon, against the nose of their patients. Then, perfume went on to become popular with the monarchs. In the “perfume king,” Louis XIV’s court

sprayed perfume on visitors, cushions, furniture, etc. In England, aromatics were placed in lockets and canes for the user to sniff. The first synthetic perfume was made with nitrobenzene or nitric acid + benzene. Since then, perfumes have become commonplace and are used in a variety of products.

STEP 1: collecting the ingredients Lots of perfumes use animal and plant products. Many scents also don’t exist in nature and use manufacturing processes and synthetic ingredients. Here are some examples of common perfume ingredients: 1. Natural Ingredients a. Rose Petals b. Myrrh c. Jasmine d. Vanilla e. Sandalwood f. Fruits g. Animal secretions i. Castor from beavers ii. Musk from male deer iii. Ambergris from sperm whale

by kavya gurunath, edited by juee deshmukh, dominique samantha, an

e. Sandalwood f. Fruits g. Animal secretions i. Castor from beavers ii. Musk from male deer iii. Ambergris from sperm whale 2. Manufactured Ingredients a. Alcohol b. Petrochemical c. Coal d. Coal tars 3. Synthetic Ingredients a. Calone b. Iso E Super c. Ambergris d. Hedoine e. Indole

the process of

making perfumes

STEP 2: extraction Extraction is the process where oils are extracted from plants. There are lots of ways this is done: 1. Steam Distillation - Plants are held in stills, and steamed, turning their oils into vapor, which is then cooled and liquefied. Boiling plants can also release oils. 2. Solvent Extraction - Plants are placed in big, rotating drums and then covered in petroleum or benzene. The plants dissolve, leaving behind a wax that has the oils, which are dissolved. 3. Expression - Simply pressing a plant until all the oils are extracted. 4. Enfleurage - Plants are placed on glass sheets covered with grease, and then placed between wooden tiers. Plants are moved by hand until the grease absorbs all the oil. 5. Maceration - Similar to enfleurage but warmed-up fats are used instead of grease and then the fats are dissolved in alcohol to extract the oils.

STEP 3: blending Blending is the process of mixing together the ingredients in specific ratios and formulas. Alcohol and water is used to dilute the scent. The more alcohol or water used to dilute the essential oil blend, the less the perfume costs. The formulas are determined by perfume experts, called noses.

STEP 4: aging Many perfumes are aged for months – and maybe even years – to ensure the proper scent is created. This allows the scents, or notes, as they are called to develop.

STEP 5: quality control The last step is making sure that the perfume is up to the company’s standards and not harmful to those using it. Making perfume is a long, precise, intensive process. Today, it has become a bit easier as synthetic chemicals make it easier and faster to make chemicals. It is also cheaper, allowing perfumes to become easily accessible to many people. Now, there is also additional research about aromatherapy: the use of scents to help with emotional and physical problems. It is safe to say that perfumes will be around for a long time to come.

nd taruni manam, art by thejo tattala, & layout by sahithi lingampalli

the ultimate guide to coming out

#PAGE 35 Struggling to come out to your loved ones? Here’s a beginner’s guide to make this monumental task easier.

beginner's guide to gardening

#PAGE 37 With summer around the corner and a lot more extra time, it is a great time to start building a garden with lots of veggies, fruits and flowers!

love vs. infatuation

#PAGE 39 Realizing today we are all scared of commitment and we know the struggle of being attached to someone we should try to understand what is meant by the terms LOVE and INFATUATION.

stepping into the real world

#PAGE 41 Adulting is fancied by teenagers but despised by grown-ups, different experiences give rise to different feelings about the same thing, but the core feeling of struggle is always the same.

the ultimate guide to coming out

#WRITTEN BY RACHEL ADAM #LAYOUT BY HELEN BIAN #EDITED BY JUEE DESHMUKH + AMEYA ANEJA + TARUNI MANAM It’s Pride Month. You’re thinking about coming out but are unsure of how to go about it... Sound familiar? It took me years to gather the courage to come out - but if I can do it, so can you!

Do NOT come out to someone if you know doing so would put you in immediate danger. The feeling of having to suppress your true self is painful, but you must prioritize your safety.

Before you can come out to anyone else, you have to first learn to love and accept yourself for who you are coming out to yourself is a huge step! Being able to say “I am ___” (fill in the blank with your identity) confidently to yourself, and looking in the mirror with pride in your identity will help boost your confidence, which is essential, since coming out can feel emotionally draining at times. A key step in the coming out process is research. When I was closeted, I would spend hours scrolling through LGBTQ+ Reddit forums or WikiHow articles for advice, watching coming-out videos on YouTube, reading novels with coming-out scenes, and more. My observations of other people’s coming

out experiences helped me figure out the best way for me to come out, and helped me prepare for the variety of reactions I could receive. Once you’ve conducted enough research, it’s time to put what you’ve learned to use. Coming out for the first time takes so much courage and strength; it’s a huge accomplishment! I always recommend coming out to one person at first, who you 100% know will be accepting, no questions asked, that is trustworthy and you’ve known for a while. Some examples of who this could be include a parent, teacher, therapist, or your best friend. Once you’ve come out to this person, you’ll have a wonderful source of support to talk to about coming out to others, to celebrate positive reactions with, or console you after negative reactions. If you aren’t sure if anyone in your life is supportive of the community, there are a few inconspicuous ways to know if they will positively react to you coming out. Talk about/make up stories about LGBTQ+ people -- they could be celebrities or people from school/work. You can talk about same-sex couples at prom, a transgender soccer star friend, etc. Be sure to analyze the person’s body

language and how accepting (or not) they appear to be. Watch/discuss TV shows featuring LGBTQ+ characters like Heartstopper, Stranger Things, or Modern Family. Next, if coming out to someone who you rely on (eg: family members), be sure to have a plan if things go awry, just to err on the side of caution. Be sure to ask someone if you can stay with them if necessary or research local shelters/safe houses. Have an escape plan and an “essentials” bag. An “essentials” bag contains must-have supplies in case things escalate. A list of things to pack include: Phone + charger (especially a portable charger/power bank) Food Water Clothes Cash Medications/prescriptions Debit/Credit Card Critical Forms of ID: school ID, drivers license/permit, passport, birth certificate, social security card Have a plan and can’t figure out how to come out? Some methods include: Writing a letter Creating a video Doing a powerpoint presentation Blasting “I’m Coming Out” by Diana Ross, or playing it on a musical instrument

Baking a cake with the colors of your pride flag Drawing/hanging a pride flag up in your room And many more! There’s no one “right” way to come out, and that’s the beauty of it. You can tailor your coming out method to individual people! For example, I came out to one of my best friends by sharing an essay with her through Google Docs, but sent a comical montage I made on iMovie to another friend group. After coming out, it’s helpful to find support and connect to resources, especially when dealing with adverse reactions. The Trevor Project hosts an online chat service on their website that allows you to talk to counselors specially trained in LGBTQ+ issues - or if it’s more convenient, you can text a counselor by texting START to 678678. You can also connect to in-person support like your high school’s GSA, a school counselor, or local LGBTQ+ youth groups. If you’re dealing with negative reactions - I’m sorry, and I truly want you to know it eventually gets better. Despite dealing with some negative reactions, since I’ve come out, I’ve felt more authentic and free. The mental weight and stress I felt from having to hide being lesbian are gone. I wish you the best of luck on your journey! You’re incredibly brave for even considering coming out, and that’s something to be proud of.

Gardening is a great way to connect with your environment. It encourages a person to spend time outside, enjoying the sun, the wind, and their yards. Gardening provides Vitamin D, which helps strengthen your bones, mild physical activity, which helps lower your blood pressure and stress relief, making a person happier (Hawkins, 2021). Here’s how to start building your garden:

The most important thing when it comes to building a garden is the location. The location you choose should have a good amount of sun, as many vegetables require at least 6 hours of sun to thrive (Sweetser, 2021). However, the location should not have penetrating sunlight as that might damage the plant. The location should also be within the gardener’s eye. You are more likely to spend time in your garden if it’s in your sight.

For better management, make sure your garden’s location is close to a water source. It will be hard to pull around a hose if it is far from the water. Better yet, if you’re planning for a bigger garden, try a sprinkler system. This way, you save the environment, and you don’t have to worry about watering your plants through a hose. On that note, if you’re having a hard time determining

GARD

if your plants need watering, push a finger about an inch into the soil. If the soil is dry, then you should water the plant. Otherwise, the plant has enough water.

Soil is one of the major components of plant sustainability. The right soil will provide enough nutrients to support the food supply and maintain a healthy plant. Healthy soil can also provide more water to the plant depending on the storability of the water in the soil. The type of soil depends on the type of garden. If you are planning for a normalstyle garden, all-purpose garden soil would be the way to go. For raised bed gardening, which is a type of garden where the soil is raised above ground level, a gardener would have to look for specific raised-bed gardening soil. It is important to feed plants with highquality nutrition even if your plants sit in nutrient-rich soil. After a month of plant growth, feed your plants with plant food once every 1-2 weeks.

DENING Your growing conditions will determine the plants that are optimal for you to grow. This is heavily dependent on where you live, as this determines the plants that are optimal for you to grow. This is heavily dependent on where you live, as this determines how much water and sunlight the plants will get. In a singular location, however, there is already a good amount of variation. Plants that love the sun would be placed in sunny areas (Vegetable Gardening for Beginners, 2021). Plants that are not as dependent on sunlight would be put in a place that either does not get much sun or is blocked partly by shade. The same applies to water and wind conditions. For reference, herbs, olive trees, and dwarf citrus love the sun. Cattails, certain Hibiscus, and Sunflowers tend to love water. It is best to do some research on plants that would fit best in your condition is bestons.

If you have the desire to make your garden more visually appealing, place succulents in bare areas for a lowmaintenance way to upgrade your garden. Succulents mainly rely on sunlight to be healthy. They only need to be watered every other week in hotter climates and once a month in cooler climates. It is also recommended to have a thick layer of mulch around each plant. This will prevent the overgrowth of weeds and evaporation, allowing the plant to thrive. Gardening is a great way to decorate your backyard and grow your vegetables. With the extra time and great climate over summer, it’s time to start your planting journey!

Written by Taruni Manam Edited by Ashmita Art by Evelyn Chen Annamalai, Tanvi Jeph, Layout by Mikaela Cadiz Samita Pandit

How many times have we been fooled by “Oh, I love him.” Yet, this love only remained for a few days. Next thing you know, the love has gone and what remains are sweet, foolish memories of that fleeting love. Well, this fleeting love can be given the term infatuation. An exact definition of infatuation can be a feeling of foolish or obsessively strong love for, admiration for, or interest in someone or something; strong and unreasoning attachment. Though, this love is quietly turned down when the other person suddenly doesn’t show interest or attraction towards the person or thing.

Infatuation can be short-lived as well as dangerous to someone’s self-esteem. This abstract emotion makes a person vulnerable, which leaves them insecure and to their imagination, which often leads to overthinking and trauma. This affectionate measure of feeling can be so intense that you don’t even know the person, and yet you keep on thinking about them constantly. This also means that the person could often be jealous and can be creating imaginative scenarios with the person. As often as not, this should be the scenario, but it ends up suffocating.

love vs. in

Love includes stages that vary with time. While some may increase, there are chances of a decrease in those as well. These stages, according to researchers, can be the following:

- attraction -caring -intimacy

While these emotions and stages are looked through, there is a very important aspect called commitment. Loving someone can be nowhere near completed without a sense of belonging and security. This is a major difference between Love and Infatuation. Infatuation doesn’t involve a sense of belonging to someone, it's just a great pleasure of time that neither involves commitment nor expectation. This is just a sentiment that is easily adapted and forgotten. Loving a person includes a lot of responsibilities and duties which must be carried out and to be practiced with belongingness. Loving increases longevity to a person and decreases the chances of mental health issues, but Loving someone includes a higher rate of mental stability, which often isn’t available.

nfatuation

By Gunkriti Kaur Edited by Dominique Samantha, Taruni Manam, Shoffana Sundaramoorthy Art by Thejo Tottala Layout by Harini Akurathi 40

Stepping into the Real World Written by Kashika Mishra Edited by Samita Pandit, Uday Lingampalli, Jashan Mehta Layout by Shoffana Sundaramoorthy

an adult was all about the freedom of doing whatever we want. But as grew up we realized adulting is not just about freedom; it also comes with responsibilities and challenges. Adulting is fancied by teenagers but despised by grown ups, different experiences give rise to different feelings about the same thing, but the core feeling of struggle is always the same. As children, we longed for that kind of adults have: staying up past 10 PM, watching TV for as long as we want, eating whatever we want; for us being

It's not just about making a Sunday meal or working out and posting pictures on Instagram with #adulting; it's more real now. It's about treating ourselves and others with decency and compassion, facing problems, figuring out what needs to be done, all while learning from our failures. Growing up, the world where

a guide with us nor do we have that satisfaction of moving onto the next level because what is the next level anymore? We are underwhelmed by this lack of progress. everything was made of clay, where nothing could hurt us, where the only choice we had to make was between chocolate or vanilla ice-cream, started unraveling the reality, career confusion, dissatisfaction with life, relationship struggles, anxiety and what not. We can't run from all of this and neither should we. But at a point, all this gets too exhausting, doesn't it?

We are overwhelmed by the lack of knowledge about the "real world" activities like paying taxes, building professional and personal relationships, etc. The real world can seem scary because you no longer have instructions for everything like you did in school. So what can be done?

Stepping into the real world, despite all the preparation, we feel both underwhelmed and overwhelmed. The thing is, as students in school and college we were always preparing for the next level, had a clear set of instructions, and knew what was coming next. But, the real world is so different, it's like an ocean. We can go whichever way we want. We don't have

If you are currently a student, then start engaging with the real world a little more. You can start by discovering yourself, examining your interests, skills and personality. Remember that you don't need to be perfectly prepared when you set out, but you need to take risks and learn from your failures.

OPINION IS DIET CULTURE Ok? IS DIET CULTURE Ok? IS DIET CULTURE Ok? pg44

An overview of diet culture and its effects

IS DIET CULTURE Ok? IS DIET CULTURE Ok? IS DIET CULTURE Ok? By Brooke Huppert Edited by Isabel White, Mia Grace Layout by Tanishka Gangavelli

Trigger Warning: talk of calories and dieting If you are a young person today, chances are you’ve seen weight loss and dieting ads. Maybe it was the Noom diet in your Instagram feed, or an ad about a new superfood that can help you lose ten pounds in a week. Regardless, these types of images and videos on social media are part of diet culture. But what even is diet culture? The word has become somewhat of a buzzword on social media, but diet culture can be defined as “a set of beliefs that values thinness, appearance, and shape above health & well-being.” Utilizing this definition makes answering the question `Is diet culture okay?” easy to answer. Putting your physical appearance above both your health and well-being is counteractive to the idea of personal health-the very thing that diet culture claims to help. Questioning diet culture may make you question diets themselves. Diets have been around for decades, but are they making us healthier? The concept behind an average diet is simple: change the way you eat, (usually through restriction, whether it be of a certain food group or the calories you consume) and you will lose weight. The problem seems to occur when people go off their diets and return to their normal eating habits.

Within 5 years, 95% of people regain the weight that they lost. This can lead to yo-yo dieting, a type of dieting wherein an individual is constantly on and off diets. This can lead to an increased risk of diabetes, and in some instances, it may be healthier for a person to stay at the weight they are at instead of yo-yo dieting. For many years, the primary narrative has been that being thin is being healthy. But thanks to online movements like body positivity, new information is coming to light that is starting to shift the general perception of health. UC Berkeley reports that, “Research shows that there are a high percentage of people in the "overweight" or even "obese" category according to Body Mass Index (BMI) that are metabolically healthy. At the same time, there are a significant percentage of "normal" weight people who are unhealthy, with diseases like diabetes, hypertension or high cholesterol. In addition, people in the overweight category actually live the longest.” The concept that you do not need to be thin to be healthy goes against the narrative that the billiondollar diet industry wants you to believe. This further shows that diet culture is not the solution for a person's health problems, and for many, dieting is not even necessary for their health.

References for TECH 3-D Printed Food Foundry4. (2015, November 24). Why 3D printed food is the future. Foundry4. Retrieved June 6, 2022, from https://foundry4.com/why-3d-printed-food-is-the-future Gohd, C. (2017, March 7). NASA Astronauts Can Now 3D-Print Pizzas in Space. Futurism. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://futurism.com/nasa-astronauts-can-now-3d-print-pizzas-in-space McHugh, T. (2017, April 1). 3D Food Printing: A New Dimension in Food Production Processes. IFT. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/food-technologymagazine/issues/2017/april/columns/processing-3d-food-printing Michail, N. (2016, September 26). Biozoon's 3D printed smooth foods target Europe's elderly. Food Navigator. Retrieved June 6, 2022, from https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2016/09/26/Biozoon-s-3Dprinted-smooth-foods-target-Europe-s-elderly Natural Machines. (n.d.). Foodini can help kids to make smarter, healthier food choices. Natural Machines. Retrieved June 6, 2022, from https://www.naturalmachines.com/insights/foodini-can-help-kids-to-makesmarter-healthier-food-choices Natural Machines. (2022). Natural Machines - Foodini. Natural Machines. Retrieved June 6, 2022, from https://www.naturalmachines.com/foodini Rogers, S. (2019, September 12). Bio-Customized 3D-Printed Sushi is Here, and It's Weird. Yahoo News. Retrieved June 6, 2022, from https://news.yahoo.com/bio-customized-3d-printed-sushi-210022057.html Team Open Meals Japan. (n.d.). SUSHI SINGULARITY. OPEN MEALS. Retrieved June 6, 2022, from https://www.open-meals.com/sushisingularity/index.html LAPSUS CYBERATTACKS A Closer Look at the LAPSUS$ Data Extortion Group – Krebs on Security. (2022, March 23). https://krebsonsecurity.com/. https://krebsonsecurity.com/2022/03/a-closer-look-at-the-lapsus-dataextortion-group/#comments Turton, W., & Robertson, J. (2022, March 24). Teen Suspected by Cyber Researchers of Being Lapsus$ Mastermind. https://www.bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-23/teensuspected-by-cyber-researchers-of-being-lapsus-mastermind

References for WORLD POLITICS UVALDE SCHOOL SHOOTING Hubler, S. (2022, May 24). Texas Massacre Is the Second-Deadliest School Shooting on Record. The New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/05/24/us/texasschool-shooting-deaths.html Jones, Z. C. (2022, May 30). What we know about the victims of the Uvalde school shooting. CBS News. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/texas-school-shooting-victimsuvalde-robb-elementary/ Khaled, F., Yang, J., DePetris, D. R., Hammer, J., & Speaks, A. (2022, May 26). Uvalde Senior Rejects Claims Salvador Ramos Was Bullied: 'He Hurt Animals'. Newsweek. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.newsweek.com/uvalde-senior-rejects-claims-salvador-ramos-bullied-he-hurt-animals-1710590 Klemko, R., Foster, S., & Boburg, S. (2022, May 25). Uvalde, Texas, gunman was increasingly troubled and violent, friends say. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/05/25/uvalde-texas-school-shooting-gunman/ NRA. (2022). NRA Annual Meeting: Home. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.nraam.org/ Oxner, R., & Astudillo, C. (2022, May 27). Uvalde school shooting: A timeline of the massacre and police's response. The Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.texastribune.org/2022/05/27/uvalde-texas-school-shooting-timeline/ Weller, C., De Luce, I., Aydin, R., & Gray, S. (2022, May 26). What US Can Learn From Countries Close to Eliminating Gun Deaths. Business Insider. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.businessinsider.com/gun-deaths-nearly-eliminated-in-countries-what-us-can-learn-201711#new-zealand-is-instituting-a-policy-similar-to-australias-5 Zhang, A. (2022, May 27). Donald Trump rejects gun control at NRA conference after Uvalde shooting. The Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://www.texastribune.org/2022/05/27/donald-trump-nrahouston/ The 2022 Midterm Primary Election Bradner, E., Merica, D., & Krieg, G. (2022, May 30). 7 takeaways from the 2022 primary season so far. CNN. Retrieved June 1, 2022, from https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/30/politics/senate-house-primaries-2022takeaways/index.html Mayorquin, O. (2022, May 19). What is a primary? what to know about open and closed Congressional primaries. USA Today. Retrieved June 1, 2022, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/05/06/primary-election-open-closed-primariesexplained/9621245002/ Shepherd, B. (n.d.). 3 Key Takeaways from 5 States' Primaries. ABC News. Retrieved June 1, 2022, from https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/key-takeaways-states-primaries/story?id=84683395 World Population Review. (n.d.). Closed Primary States 2022. World Population Review. Retrieved June 1, 2022, from https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/closed-primary-states ROE V. Wade Diaz, J. 2022. 7 Persistent Claims About Abortion, Fact-Checked. NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2022/05/06/1096676197/7-persistent-claims-about-abortion-fact-checked Jen. 2022. My thoughts on Roe v Wade. Youtube. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=xovq0CBwRuc&t=939s Kelly, M. 2019. What Abortion Was Like In The U.S. Before Roe V. Wade. NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2019/05/20/725139713/what-abortion-was-like-in-the-u-s-before-roe-v-wade

ROE V. Wade (continued) Martin, M. 2022. How abortion became a mobilizing issue among the religious right. NPR. Retrieved from: https://www.npr.org/2022/05/08/1097514184/how-abortion-became-a-mobilizing-issue-among-thereligious-right Morris, K. 2022. Over 63 million abortions have occurred in the US since Roe v. Wade decision in 1973. Fox News. Retrieved from: https://www.foxnews.com/politics/abortions-since-roe-v-wade Sahotra, S. 2021. When human life begins is a question of politics – not biolog. The Conversation. Retrieved from: https://theconversation.com/when-human-life-begins-is-a-question-of-politics-not-biology165514 2014. Roe v Wade: Its History and Impact. Planned Parenthood. Retrieved from: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/3013/9611/5870/Abortion_Roe_History.pdf

References for Science ptsd Griswold, D. (n.d.). PTSD Statistics and Facts. The Recovery Village. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/ptsd/ptsd-statistics/ Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Diagnosis and treatment. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/diagnosistreatment/drc-20355973 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Symptoms and causes. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/symptomscauses/syc-20355967 Torres, F. (n.d.). Psychiatry.org - What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd the gut microbiome Jacka, Felice. “What Is the Gut Microbiome?” Food and Mood Center, 4 July 2016, https://foodandmoodcentre.com.au/2016/07/what-is-the-gut-microbiome/. Robertson, Ruairi. “Why the Gut Microbiome Is Crucial for Your Health.” Healthline, Healthline Media, 27 June 2017, https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gut-microbiome-and-health. How perfume is made How perfume is made - material, manufacture, making, history, used, parts, industry, History, Raw Materials. (n.d.). How Products Are Made. Retrieved June 1, 2022, from http://www.madehow.com/Volume2/Perfume.html Serras, L. (2019, July 26). How Is Perfume Made? The Perfume Manufacturing Guide. FragranceX. https://www.fragrancex.com/blog/how-is-perfume-made/

References for lifestyle beginner's guide to gardening 5 Tips for Summer Gardening Success · Sarasota Green Group. (2020, April 24). Retrieved from https://sarasotagg.com/news-and-updates/5-tips-for-summer-gardening-success.html Hawkins, C. P. (2021, November 02). Gardening Can Help With Stress and Anxiety - Here's Why, According to a Horticultural Therapist. Retrieved from https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/wellness/a22109/health-benefits-gardening/ Sweetser, R. (2021, August 24). Summer Gardening Tips to Keep Your Garden Growing. Retrieved from https://www.almanac.com/summer-gardening Verified), J. (., Editors, T., Verified), E. C., Verified), C. (., & Verified), A. (. (2021, November 12). Vegetable Gardening for Beginners. Retrieved from https://www.almanac.com/vegetable-gardening-for-beginners infatuation vs. love Gonsalves, K., & Varela, T. R. (2021, January 22). Infatuation vs. Love: 19 Differences + Signs Of Each | mindbodygreen. MindBodyGreen. https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/is-it-love-or-infatuation-howto-know-when-youre-infatuated/ Infatuation Definition & Meaning. (n.d.). Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/infatuation Is This Love or Infatuation? (n.d.). One Love Foundation. https://www.joinonelove.org/learn/is-this-love-orinfatuation/ stepping into the real world Owens, J. (2020, December 15). Just Another 'Adulting Sucks' Article | by Raqeebah. Medium. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://medium.com/@Raqeey_bee/just-another-adulting-sucks-article-30c6ba33f522 The "real world" is now... not when you graduate. (n.d.). KyleGray.io -. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://kylegray.io/the-real-world/

References for OPINION is diet culture ok? Daryanani, A. 2021. What is “Diet Culture”?. UC San Diego Recreation. Retrieved from: https://recreation.ucsd.edu/2021/01/diet-culture-social-media/ M, Thorpe. 2017. 10 Solid Reasons Why Yo-Yo Dieting is Bad for You. Healthline. Retrieved from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/yo-yo-dieting Brown, H. 2015. The Weight of the Evidence. Slate. Retrieved from: https://slate.com/technology/2015/03/diets-do-not-work-the-thin-evidence-that-losing-weight-makes-youhealthier.html Minkow, S. 2017. Ask the Dietitian: Health At Every Size. UC Berkeley University Health Services. Retrieved from: https://uhs.berkeley.edu/news/ask-dietitian-health-every-size#:~:text=You%20can%20be% 20healthy%20and,health%20according%20to%20their%20weight.

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