The Academy of Urbanism, Eindhoven, NL, 19-22 June 2019
Crisis and City SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL
Urban Space Improvement Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government
Crisis and City SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL
Transforming infrastructure for community
SEOUL
http://urban.seoul.go.kr “Suseonjeondo” : old map of Seoul, by Kim Jeong-ho(1804-1866)
km2,
km2,
km2,
km2,
1950-60 / 1950 KOREAN WAR
1950-53 rural-urban migration
1970-80 / 1972 HOUSING ACT
1976 URBAN REDEVELOPMENT ACT
1990-2015 APARTMENT COMPLEX is the majority of SEOUL
national (3,744)
(4,045)
(4,341)
(4,461)
(4,614)
(4,728)
(4,858)
(5,107) Unit : 10,000 persons
30.0%
1,600 1,400
22.3%
23.8%
24.4%
22.9%
1,200 1,000 800
1,061 964
21.4%
20.8%
25.0% 20.2%
19.4%
20.0% 1,023
990
982
979
836
990
600
15.0% 10.0%
400
5.0%
200
0.0%
0 1980
1985
1990
1995 Seoul
2000
2005
Percentage of Seoul
2010
2015
100%
4.2%
5.4%
7.3%
90% 80%
25.4%
29.8%
32.8%
70%
9.6%
12.6%
35.5% 38.4%
60% 50%
49.2% 46.4%
40%
43.4%
40.8%
30%
37.0%
20% 10%
21.2%
18.5%
16.6%
14.1%
12.1%
2000
2005
2010
2015
0% 1995
0-14 years
15~39 years
40~64 years
65 years & over
100% 90%
5.8%
7.8%
9.5%
12.9%
18.5% 23.1%
80% 70%
27.7% 32.1% 21.6%
60%
22.5% 22.1%
50% 21.7%
24.6%
40%
22.3% 20.3%
30%
17.0% 20% 10%
33.3% 16.3%
24.4%
20.4%
54.1%
46.7%
40.7%
29.5%
0% 2000
2005
one person
two
2010
three
four
five & over
2015
Unit : 1000 dwellings
national 3,650.0
(17,739)
(18,082)
(18,414)
(18,742)
(19,161)
(19,559) 19.6%
19.4%
3,600.0
19.4%
19.2%
19.2%
19.1%
3,550.0
18.9%
19.0%
18.8%
3,500.0
3,608
3,450.0 3,400.0 3,442
3,478
3,510
3,633
18.8% 18.6%
3,546
18.6%
18.4%
3,350.0
18.2%
3,300.0
18.0%
2010
2011
2012 Seoul
2013 Percentage of Seoul
2014
2015
Unit : 1000 dwellings
Dwelling units in the Building not intended for human habitation
30
Apartment unit in a private house
654
Row house
117
45.1%
Apartment Detached dwelling
32.9% 0
500
1,000
1,637
1,195 1,500
2,000
Crisis and city; SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL
Transforming infra for community -
Private market Quantity-oriented Building on land Simple apartment type
SEOUL, Affordable Hosing in SUPER DENSITY
Permanent Rental Housing • Permanent Rental: 190,000 units • 2 Million Housing Construction Plan
Roh Tae-woo Administration
50-year Rental Housing
National Rental Housing
• Rental Housing: • National Rental: 79,000 units 1,000,000 units • 5-year/50-year Rental: 100,000 units
Kim Young-sam Administration
Mayor Cho Soon
Kim Dae-jung Administration
Mayor Goh Kun
Mayor Lee Myung-bak
• National Rental: 1,000,000 units
New National Housing (Bogeumjari) (Rental + Sales) • Rental Housing: 330,000 units • Bogeumjari Housing: 1,500,000 units (Rental Housing: 800,000 housing units)
Roh Moo-hyun Administration
Lee Myung-bak Administration
Mayor Oh Se-hoon
Happy Housing, New-stay • Happy Housing: 150,000 units • New-stay: 150,000 units
Park Geun-hye Administration
Mayor Park Won-soon
Mayor Park Won-soon
80,000 units Long-term Jeonse Rental Housing (SHift)
Demand-Supported Public Rental Housing (Long-term Lease Guaranteed Rental Housing, One-room Type Rental Housing, Hope Housing, etc.) • 80,000 units + α Public: 60,000 Private: 20,000
299,785 UNITS(end of 2018)
Supply Plan during the Tenure of 6th Mayor,
Public Sector
Total : 80,000
Private Sector
(Public Rental 60,000 + Private Rental 20,000) 20,000
60,000
Goals of Public Housing Supply Public construction type
Publicly-funded type
Public leasehold
Private support type 410 thousand
(10.1%) Rental housing stock
218 thousand
(6.1%)
60 thousand (15 thousand per year) ‘14.6
6th Mayor
‘18.6
130 thousand (16 thousand per year)
7th Mayor
‘22.6
8th Mayor
‘26.6
year
New Concept Public Housing
Under the lease rental system, you lease a house for a given period of time (usually for two years) by paying
a security deposit, which is returned to you at the end of the lease period. You need not pay a monthly rent. Currently, the amount of security deposit to be paid for lease rental comes to
70-80% of the house price. It is a unique lease system found only in Korea. The market for this system was formed with the interests of house owners and tenants coinciding before the invigoration of the housing finance market.
House owners could invest the security deposit to earn profit or use it to cover part of the price of the house purchased with a loan. .
• •
Long-term Jeonse Rental Housing (SHift) Long-term Lease Guaranteed Rental Housing(2012 - )
• •
Community Housing Cooperative Association-Type Rental Housing
• • •
Public Dormitory and Youth Housing Woman Secured Public Rental Housing Medical Care Public Rental Housing
•
Reuse of Empty Houses (Remodeling Type of Social Housing) Remodeling of Accommodations for Examiners and Motels (Remodeling-Type Social Housing) Housing for Young People in Their 20s and 30s (2030) near Railway Station Areas
• •
Wangsimni Newtown
- Long-term Jeonse Rental Housing (SHift) (2007~) •
Rental housing constructed or purchased by the central government, local government, or local public corporation for rental purposes, supplied in the method of lease rental contract with a contract period of 20 years
Target Lease Period Type
• City workers average monthly income less than 150% • Period : 2 yrs • Max : 20 yrs • 38m2, 49m2, 59m2, 84m2
-Long-term Lease Guaranteed Rental Housing (2012~) •
Rental housing that supports part of the lease rental deposit for residents under lease rental or monthly rent contract and assists the resident in signing a long-term lease contract
Target
• City workers average monthly income less than 100%
Lease Period
• Period : 2 yrs • Max : 6yrs
Type
• Under 60m2
Manri Artist Housing
-Community • •
Housing
A residential area with independent community facilities. Public support for land, finance, consulting, etc.
Target
• Resident with cooperative Association
Lease Period
• Period : 2yrs
Type
• Under 60m2
Childcare Community
After-school housing, Infant and child care housing, Daycare housing
Artist Community
Writers housing, Artist housing, Cartoonist housing, Carpentry housing, etc.
Youth Community
Youth Housing, Youth venture housing, Youth entrepreneurship housing, etc.
- Cooperative Association-Type Rental Housing Recruitment of qualified members → Participation from construction stage
Association Member Recruitment
Planning
Start of Construction
Gayang-dong joint parenting style cooperative housing
Association Member Recruitment
Moving-in
- Public Dormitory and Youth Housing •
Public dormitory and Youth Housing for students at university in Seoul
Jeongneung, Hope housing (Purchased multi-family housing, rebuilt)
Galhyeon, Hope housing (Fire department offices remodeling)
Gongneung , Public housing (Public lease of land, Modular housing)
- Woman Secured Public Rental Housing •
Studio type lease available for women
- Medical Care Public Rental Housing •
Custom-built public rental housing
•
Coordination of customized health, welfare and medical services
Sinnae-dong
- Housing for Young People in Their 20s and 30s (2030) near Railway Station Areas Target Rent
Students, youth, newlyweds • Deposit : 42,500,000won (36,000$) • Rent : 313,000won ( 260$) Conditions for Business Areas
Easy Access to PublicTransportation
Railway Area within Walking Distance
Housing for 2030 Young People near Railway Station Areas
Small HouseOriented
RentalHouseOriented
• Crossing of more than 2 • Within 250m of Station railways/urban railways Platform • Railway station area located on bus-only roads or roads more than 30m wide
Gangdong-gu Seongnae-dong, Seoul
Public-Private PartnershipOriented
+
- Reuse of Empty Houses (Remodeling Type of Social Housing) •
Cost 50% (limit 40 million won) → Rent for 80 years or less for 6 years ② Remodeling Cost Support
③ Start of Remodeling Construction
Social Enterprise
① House Rental
(Seoul Metropolitan Government) (Submission of Empty House DB)
(Autonomous Districts)
⑤ Lease/rental Contract
④ Recruitment of House Seekers
⑥ Moving-in
- Remodeling of Accommodations for Examiners and Motels (Remodeling-Type Social Housing) Support 50% (KRW 150 million limit) + Loan low → Rent for 80% or less for up to 10 years ➄
SH Corporation
Recruitment of House Seekers
➂ Project Cost Loan
Korea Social Investment
Social Enterprise
➁ Remodeling Cost Support
➀ Building (Purchase) Rental ➃Start of Remodeling Construction
Seoul is Changing
Crisis and city; SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL
Transforming infra for community
- Private market >> Public policy & PPP - Quantity-oriented >> Innovative Design - Building on land >> Infrastructural urbanism - Simple apartment type >> complex community program
SEOUL 605 km2
SEOUL Infrastructure An-Other SEOUL 65.45%, 396 km2
SEOUL Infrastructure An-Other SEOUL 65.45%, 396.13 km2
SEOUL Transforming Infrastructure
Space Under Overpasses > Community Amenities
Traffic Island > Open plaza & Community Housing
27
â’¸Urban Operations
Metro Station > Urban Lounge & Community Housing
â’¸Urban Operations
College Park for Young & Community Housing
36
â’¸Urban Operations
Terrace Housing
â’¸Urban Operations
Transforming infrastructure for community -Private market >> Public policy/ PPP -Quantity-oriented >> Innovative Design -Builing on land >> Infrastructural urbanism -simple apartment type >> complex community program
SUPERGROUND, 18 sites + 18 architects
Crisis and City SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL Transforming infrastructure for community