Kim Tae-Hyung, Crisis and City_Seoul & AN-OTHER SEOUL.

The Academy of Urbanism, Eindhoven, NL, 19-22 June 2019

Crisis and City SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL

Urban Space Improvement Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government

Crisis and City SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL

Transforming infrastructure for community

SEOUL

http://urban.seoul.go.kr “Suseonjeondo” : old map of Seoul, by Kim Jeong-ho(1804-1866)

km2,

km2,

km2,

km2,

1950-60 / 1950 KOREAN WAR

 1950-53 rural-urban migration

1970-80 / 1972 HOUSING ACT

 1976 URBAN REDEVELOPMENT ACT

1990-2015 APARTMENT COMPLEX is the majority of SEOUL

national (3,744)

(4,045)

(4,341)

(4,461)

(4,614)

(4,728)

(4,858)

(5,107) Unit : 10,000 persons

30.0%

1,600 1,400

22.3%

23.8%

24.4%

22.9%

1,200 1,000 800

1,061 964

21.4%

20.8%

25.0% 20.2%

19.4%

20.0% 1,023

990

982

979

836

990

600

15.0% 10.0%

400

5.0%

200

0.0%

0 1980

1985

1990

1995 Seoul

2000

2005

Percentage of Seoul

2010

2015

100%

4.2%

5.4%

7.3%

90% 80%

25.4%

29.8%

32.8%

70%

9.6%

12.6%

35.5% 38.4%

60% 50%

49.2% 46.4%

40%

43.4%

40.8%

30%

37.0%

20% 10%

21.2%

18.5%

16.6%

14.1%

12.1%

2000

2005

2010

2015

0% 1995

0-14 years

15~39 years

40~64 years

65 years & over

100% 90%

5.8%

7.8%

9.5%

12.9%

18.5% 23.1%

80% 70%

27.7% 32.1% 21.6%

60%

22.5% 22.1%

50% 21.7%

24.6%

40%

22.3% 20.3%

30%

17.0% 20% 10%

33.3% 16.3%

24.4%

20.4%

54.1%

46.7%

40.7%

29.5%

0% 2000

2005

one person

two

2010

three

four

five & over

2015

Unit : 1000 dwellings

national 3,650.0

(17,739)

(18,082)

(18,414)

(18,742)

(19,161)

(19,559) 19.6%

19.4%

3,600.0

19.4%

19.2%

19.2%

19.1%

3,550.0

18.9%

19.0%

18.8%

3,500.0

3,608

3,450.0 3,400.0 3,442

3,478

3,510

3,633

18.8% 18.6%

3,546

18.6%

18.4%

3,350.0

18.2%

3,300.0

18.0%

2010

2011

2012 Seoul

2013 Percentage of Seoul

2014

2015

Unit : 1000 dwellings

Dwelling units in the Building not intended for human habitation

30

Apartment unit in a private house

654

Row house

117

45.1%

Apartment Detached dwelling

32.9% 0

500

1,000

1,637

1,195 1,500

2,000

Crisis and city; SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL

Transforming infra for community -

Private market Quantity-oriented Building on land Simple apartment type

SEOUL, Affordable Hosing in SUPER DENSITY

Permanent Rental Housing • Permanent Rental: 190,000 units • 2 Million Housing Construction Plan

Roh Tae-woo Administration

50-year Rental Housing

National Rental Housing

• Rental Housing: • National Rental: 79,000 units 1,000,000 units • 5-year/50-year Rental: 100,000 units

Kim Young-sam Administration

Mayor Cho Soon

Kim Dae-jung Administration

Mayor Goh Kun

Mayor Lee Myung-bak

• National Rental: 1,000,000 units

New National Housing (Bogeumjari) (Rental + Sales) • Rental Housing: 330,000 units • Bogeumjari Housing: 1,500,000 units (Rental Housing: 800,000 housing units)

Roh Moo-hyun Administration

Lee Myung-bak Administration

Mayor Oh Se-hoon

Happy Housing, New-stay • Happy Housing: 150,000 units • New-stay: 150,000 units

Park Geun-hye Administration

Mayor Park Won-soon

Mayor Park Won-soon

80,000 units Long-term Jeonse Rental Housing (SHift)

Demand-Supported Public Rental Housing (Long-term Lease Guaranteed Rental Housing, One-room Type Rental Housing, Hope Housing, etc.)

• 80,000 units + α Public: 60,000 Private: 20,000

299,785 UNITS(end of 2018)

Supply Plan during the Tenure of 6th Mayor,

Public Sector

Total : 80,000

Private Sector

(Public Rental 60,000 + Private Rental 20,000) 20,000

60,000

Goals of Public Housing Supply Public construction type

Publicly-funded type

Public leasehold

Private support type 410 thousand

(10.1%) Rental housing stock

218 thousand

(6.1%)

60 thousand (15 thousand per year) ‘14.6

6th Mayor

‘18.6

130 thousand (16 thousand per year)

7th Mayor

‘22.6

8th Mayor

‘26.6

year

New Concept Public Housing

Under the lease rental system, you lease a house for a given period of time (usually for two years) by paying

a security deposit, which is returned to you at the end of the lease period.

You need not pay a monthly rent.

Currently, the amount of security deposit to be paid for lease rental comes to

70-80% of the house price.

It is a unique lease system found only in Korea.

The market for this system was formed with the interests of house owners and tenants coinciding before the invigoration of the housing finance market.

House owners could invest the security deposit to earn profit or use it to cover part of the price of the house purchased with a loan. .

• •

Long-term Jeonse Rental Housing (SHift) Long-term Lease Guaranteed Rental Housing(2012 - )

• •

Community Housing Cooperative Association-Type Rental Housing

• • •

Public Dormitory and Youth Housing Woman Secured Public Rental Housing Medical Care Public Rental Housing

•

Reuse of Empty Houses (Remodeling Type of Social Housing) Remodeling of Accommodations for Examiners and Motels (Remodeling-Type Social Housing) Housing for Young People in Their 20s and 30s (2030) near Railway Station Areas

• •

Wangsimni Newtown

- Long-term Jeonse Rental Housing (SHift) (2007~) •

Rental housing constructed or purchased by the central government, local government, or local public corporation for rental purposes, supplied in the method of lease rental contract with a contract period of 20 years

Target Lease Period Type

• City workers average monthly income less than 150% • Period : 2 yrs • Max : 20 yrs • 38m2, 49m2, 59m2, 84m2

-Long-term Lease Guaranteed Rental Housing (2012~) •

Rental housing that supports part of the lease rental deposit for residents under lease rental or monthly rent contract and assists the resident in signing a long-term lease contract

Target

• City workers average monthly income less than 100%

Lease Period

• Period : 2 yrs • Max : 6yrs

Type

• Under 60m2

Manri Artist Housing

-Community • •

Housing

A residential area with independent community facilities.

Public support for land, finance, consulting, etc.

Target

• Resident with cooperative Association

Lease Period

• Period : 2yrs

Type

• Under 60m2

Childcare Community

After-school housing, Infant and child care housing, Daycare housing

Artist Community

Writers housing, Artist housing, Cartoonist housing, Carpentry housing, etc.

Youth Community

Youth Housing, Youth venture housing, Youth entrepreneurship housing, etc.

- Cooperative Association-Type Rental Housing Recruitment of qualified members → Participation from construction stage

Association Member Recruitment

Planning

Start of Construction

Gayang-dong joint parenting style cooperative housing

Association Member Recruitment

Moving-in

- Public Dormitory and Youth Housing •

Public dormitory and Youth Housing for students at university in Seoul

Jeongneung, Hope housing (Purchased multi-family housing, rebuilt)

Galhyeon, Hope housing (Fire department offices remodeling)

Gongneung , Public housing (Public lease of land, Modular housing)

- Woman Secured Public Rental Housing •

Studio type lease available for women

- Medical Care Public Rental Housing •

Custom-built public rental housing

•

Coordination of customized health, welfare and medical services

Sinnae-dong

- Housing for Young People in Their 20s and 30s (2030) near Railway Station Areas Target Rent

Students, youth, newlyweds • Deposit : 42,500,000won (36,000$) • Rent : 313,000won ( 260$) Conditions for Business Areas

Easy Access to PublicTransportation

Railway Area within Walking Distance

Housing for 2030 Young People near Railway Station Areas

Small HouseOriented

RentalHouseOriented

• Crossing of more than 2 • Within 250m of Station railways/urban railways Platform • Railway station area located on bus-only roads or roads more than 30m wide

Gangdong-gu Seongnae-dong, Seoul

Public-Private PartnershipOriented

+

- Reuse of Empty Houses (Remodeling Type of Social Housing) •

Cost 50% (limit 40 million won) → Rent for 80 years or less for 6 years ② Remodeling Cost Support

③ Start of Remodeling Construction

Social Enterprise

① House Rental

(Seoul Metropolitan Government) (Submission of Empty House DB)

(Autonomous Districts)

⑤ Lease/rental Contract

④ Recruitment of House Seekers

⑥ Moving-in

- Remodeling of Accommodations for Examiners and Motels (Remodeling-Type Social Housing) Support 50% (KRW 150 million limit) + Loan low → Rent for 80% or less for up to 10 years ➄

SH Corporation

Recruitment of House Seekers

➂ Project Cost Loan

Korea Social Investment

Social Enterprise

➁ Remodeling Cost Support

➀ Building (Purchase) Rental ➃Start of Remodeling Construction

Seoul is Changing

Crisis and city; SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL

Transforming infra for community

- Private market >> Public policy & PPP - Quantity-oriented >> Innovative Design - Building on land >> Infrastructural urbanism - Simple apartment type >> complex community program

SEOUL 605 km2

SEOUL Infrastructure An-Other SEOUL 65.45%, 396 km2

SEOUL Infrastructure An-Other SEOUL 65.45%, 396.13 km2

SEOUL Transforming Infrastructure

Space Under Overpasses > Community Amenities

Traffic Island > Open plaza & Community Housing

27

â’¸Urban Operations

Metro Station > Urban Lounge & Community Housing

â’¸Urban Operations

College Park for Young & Community Housing

36

â’¸Urban Operations

Terrace Housing

â’¸Urban Operations

Transforming infrastructure for community -Private market >> Public policy/ PPP -Quantity-oriented >> Innovative Design -Builing on land >> Infrastructural urbanism -simple apartment type >> complex community program

SUPERGROUND, 18 sites + 18 architects

Crisis and City SEOUL & AN-OTHER SEOUL Transforming infrastructure for community