The Green Book by TheCruiseLine

THE GREEN REPORT 2023 The Green Report 2023

THE GREEN REPORT

AN INTRODUCTION For thirty years, The Cruise Line has been a leading advisor to the luxury cruise industry. As such, we have always had a focus on environmental

American Queen Voyages

Aurora Expeditions

Azamara

Carnival Cruises

Celebrity Cruises

Celestyal Cruises

and plans as transparently as possible. This is our newest 2023 update.

Crystal Cruises

More than ever, the industry is reflecting on how we might contribute

Emerald Cruises

Explora Journeys

more effectively to combatting climate change and other environmental

Fred Olsen Cruises

issues affecting us all. If it has historically been the case that neither the

Havila Cruises

Hapag-Lloyd Cruises

Holland America Line

Hurtigruten Cruises

Lindblad Expeditions

Noble Caledonia

Oceania Cruises

P&O Cruises

Ponant

Princess Cruises

responsibilities seriously enough, we have seen this changing significantly in recent years. Such changes are evident in the following information on how cruise operators are changing their approaches. So, over the following pages and screens, we share some of the environmental impacts of travel/tourism and the cruise industry’s proposed mitigations. Our industries need ongoing corporate feedback so that we can all continue to improve our business models and activities. As a leader in the luxury cruise market, we will continue to monitor energy efficiency, waste management, climate change, and similar aspects to present the ‘big picture and the ‘working details’ of our industry responses to environmental sustainability challenges.

The Green Report 2023

AmaWaterways

sustainability. In 2021 we created The Green Report to articulate our views

travel/tourism nor cruise sectors took their environmental sustainability

INDEX

Regent Seven Seas

The Ritz Carlton Yacht Collection

Saga Cruises

Scenic Cruises

Seabourn

SeaDream

Silversea

Star Clippers

Tradewind Voyages

Victory Cruise Lines

Viking Cruises

Windstar Cruises

Glossary

41 The Green Report 2023

THE BIGGER PICTURE TRAVEL Tourism contributes more than 5% of global

Cruising represents less than 1% of the

greenhouse gas emissions, making it the fourth highest

global shipping fleet and just 2% of the

cause of environmental pollution. By 2030, emissions are

overall global travel industry. Emissions from

projected to increase by 25% compared to 2016

cruise ships comprise an estimated 0.2% of

(1,597 million tons to 1,998 million tons).

global CO emissions (1-2% of global tourism

The impact of travel tourism also negatively affects natural

However, the cruise industry’s reputation is less

time, the physical effect of tourist activities at a global

than ideal. For example, an article in the Marine

level has a bearing on the loss of biological diversity, the

Pollution Bulletin was granted access to over 200

depletion of the ozone layer and climate change. Bali and

research papers and reported an overnight stay on

Venice are frequently-used examples

a mid-size cruise ship required 12 times more energy than a night in a hotel.

The global impact travel has on the environment was

Additionally, larger vessels were found to have a climate

brought to the fore during the United Nations Climate

impact to that of 12,000 cars - this is without considering

Conference, which saw 300 stakeholders pledge to cut

waste (cruise accounts for a quarter of the global shipping

carbon emissions in half by 2030, focusing on reaching

industry’s waste output) and collisions with marine life and

net zero by 2050.

The Green Report 2023

emissions).

resources (water, local, and land degradation). At the same

of such over-tourism.

CRUISE

habitats.

The Green Report 2023

MAKING CHANGES In 2018, CLIA announced that the global cruise industry would be committed to reducing the rate of carbon emissions by 40% across the industry fleet by 2030. This drive for a greener industry promotes three specific areas for the industry to target:

❶ Meet IMO emission goals to improve air quality via enhanced fuel standards and emission control.

❷ Invest in new technologies and designs to transform the global fleet’s efficiency and performance.

❸ Collaborate with leading national and international organisations to advance sustainability practices.

GOING GREEN(ER) 6

The Green Report 2023

In the realm of river cruising, AmaWaterways stands out as a symbol of environmental responsibility, leading the way in eco-friendly travel with pioneering advancements such as energy-efficient LED illumination, and a collection of Green Award recognitions.

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

AmaMagna's 10-engine configuration reduces fuel consumption by up to 20%.

American Queen is the first privately-owned vessel to carry a nutrient sensor onboard, monitoring the water to recognise and respond to fuel substrates.

Energy-saving LED lights throughout the fleet. Incorporated unique insulated windows that reduce energy needs for heating and cooling. Power locks to plug into the port's power supply. Solar heating systems. Reduction in overall plastic use – replace single-use plastics with water bottles, straws and specific packaging replaced with recyclable alternatives.

American Queen Voyages has worked in partnership with the United States Geological Survey and the Mississippi River Cities & Towns Initiative to monitor water temperature and pollution levels.

The operator is a member of the Green Waters Programme for its dedication to providing a cleaner, greener marine environment. Implementation of waste reduction and recycling programs onboard to minimise waste generation and promote responsible disposal. Prioritised sourcing locally produced ingredients for onboard dining, supporting local economies, and reducing the carbon footprint associated with food transportation.

Green Award certification for the positive impact of fuel-efficient engines, fuel consumption, management and pollution prevention on 20 of their ships. Zambezi Queen have a propulsion system that replaces the conventional propeller system, causing less damage to the riverbed. Water-saving taps and showers, cleaning detergents and soaps are biodegradable.

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Aurora Expeditions has been at the forefront of sustainable cruising since the early 1990s. Their strategy involves purchasing carbon credits and achieving a remarkable 60% reduction in fuel consumption, which has earned them the distinction of being 100% carbon neutral. 10

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Sustainable Food Programme will be implemented from 2023.

Azamara aims to reduce the environmental footprint by helping marine life and raising awareness with separate marketing campaigns.

Aiming to achieve B CORP certification in 2024. Reduction in single-use plastics and using eco-friendly products and cleaning onboard. Eco-friendly products and cleaning equipment used onboard. Investment in a renewable energy project in northwest Taiwan harnessing wind power for a sustainable InfraVest Tongyuan Wind Farm. Whilst supporting an emissions reduction project, Aurora also supports a biodiversity conservation project in Australia.

Azamara Cruises has taken steps to enhance its environmental impact through a partnership with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), where the sale of WWF-related merchandise in onboard boutiques directly contributes to the organization's efforts in ocean protection and conservation.

Other single-use plastics such as condiment packets, bags and cups. Azamara is conducting a full plastic audit, due to be complete by 2020.

The Green Report 2023

Carnival Cruises has significantly improved its fleet's carbon footprint by using greener fuel since the introduction of the LNG-powered Mardi Gras, leading to a 20% reduction in carbon emissions compared to marine diesel fuel. 12

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Plan to reduce carbon intensity by more than 20% compared to 2019.

Replaced lighting with LED lights, requiring 80% less energy and producing 50% less heat.

Achieved 2020 carbon intensity goal ahead of schedule in 2017. Aiming for a 40% carbon reduction by 2030. Aiming to achieve net carbon-neutral ship operations by 2050. Retiring less energy-efficient ships throughout the fleet (including P&O Cruises and Cunard). Carnival already has the most fuel-efficient fleet in the industry. Achieved 50% single-use plastic reduction in 2021. Achieved 30% food waste reduction per person in 2022.

Celebrity Cruises's fleet is all equipped with Common Rail Design Engines, reducing NOX emissions at various loads. The Solstice-Class ships are equipped with solar power technology to help reduce the consumption of energy derived from fossil fuels.

Window films that are specially glazed prevent solar heat from penetrating, reducing the amount of air conditioning needed to cool the ship and saving energy. New silicone paints on hulls require less energy to cut through water. Water-reduction technology and appliances used fleet-wide to reduce the use of water-producing equipment requiring fuel or electricity. The Edge-Series all have features that reduce fuel consumption by 20% compared to the previous generation ships.

The Green Report 2023

Celestyal Cruises has made significant strides in enhancing its environmental responsibility by trimming 4,500 tonnes of CO2 emissions.

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Cut fuel consumption by 5%.

Each vessel features a diesel-electric power plant that helps reduce fuel consumption and connects to shore power.

Desalinating seawater to cover 50% of onboard needs. Reducing waste by 15%. In 2022, 83% of the water used on Celestyal vessels came from seawater, meeting EU Ship Recycling Regulation and Hong Kong Convention standards for safe material management and sustainable ship recycling.

Crystal Cruises holds Green Award certification for river ships and has installed LED lighting fleet-wide to boost its environmental efforts.

Crystal Serenity will be equipped with a shore power connection in 2024. They aim to minimize waste and reduce the consumption of water and natural resources. Increase sustainable sourcing throughout the entire fleet.

Celestyal is committed to cutting shipping greenhouse gas emissions by 50% or more by 2050. 14

The Green Report 2023

Emerald Cruises uses ship-to-shore technology to connect to land-based electricity providers while in port. In particular, one of their river ships, Emerald Harmony, has eliminated the use of all single-use plastic. 16

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

All river ship engines comply with the strictest EU rules for inland waterways ships (EPA Tier 3, IMO II, EU IW).

Selective catalytic reduction technology reduces nitrogen oxide emissions by 90%.

Fleet-wide state-of-the-art sewage treatment plants (with membrane filters). No longer use pre-packaged food. Takeaway cups are made from recycled cardboard, plus no longer use plastic bags in the onboard boutiques.

Explora Journeys has stated they aim to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and will be incorporating provisions for battery storage, allowing future hybrid power generation.

Built with ship-to-shore power capabilities to avoid carbon emissions while at berth. RINA Dolphin certified. Eliminated single-use plastics onboard and during land-based experiences.

The Green Report 2023

Fred Olsen Cruises strives to improve its carbon footprint by complying with all international policies and taking steps to exceed them whenever possible.

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Have removed all single-use plastic – coffee cups, plastic cutlery and plastic straws.

4 hours’ silent sailing with zero emissions

New linen bags have replaced laundry bags. All printed marketing communication is on responsibly sourced, FSC-approved paper. All waste created onboard is taken to a dedicated waste and recycling sorting area on the vessel. To reduce fuel consumption, all ships use a mix of VLSFO (Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil) and MGO (Marine Gas Oil).

Havila Cruises boasts the world's largest battery packs and utilises LNG, resulting in a 35% reduction in CO2 emissions. Through a gradual transition to biogas, they aim to achieve a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2024 and an impressive 80% reduction by 2025.

Energy-efficient hull Locally sourced food – no buffets, only allocated food on menu to reduce waste. Heat recovery from the sea and engines Charging current on the quay from hydropower.

The Green Report 2023

Hapag-Lloyd Cruises have installed SCR catalysts on their latest expedition ships, which have helped reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by almost 95%.

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Switched to sustainable plastics (kayaks aboard HANSEATIC Inspiration are made from HTP).

Reduction in single-use plastics

Plastic waste is collected separately and sent ashore for recycling. Optimized energy consumption via LED lighting. A PROMAS rudder improves the efficiency of the drive on the new ships, helping to consume less fuel and reduce emissions. Use low-pollutant marine gas oil fleet-wide.

Holland America Line is dedicated to eco-friendly practices, encompassing recycling, reducing, and reusing throughout their entire fleet. They're actively shifting towards alternative fuels, investing in low-carbon and zero-carbon emission technologies, and implementing advanced air quality systems.

Holland America aspires to achieve 100% fleet-shore-power connection capability and expand alternative fuels strategy across LNG programme and battery, fuel cell, and biofuel capabilities by 2030. They are committed to reducing food waste and are installing biodigesters on their ships to help reduce their environmental footprint.

The Green Report 2023

Hurtigruten Cruises / Hurtigruten Expeditions built the world’s first hybrid-powered cruise ships in 2018 (Roald Amundsen) and 2020 (Fridtjof Nansen). The vessels used green technology such as battery packs, heat recovery systems and new hull designs to reduce more than 20% of carbon emissions. 22

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

First expedition company to ban single-use plastic.

Eliminated single-use plastics fleetwide.

Save approx. 1,000 plastic bottles a day by replacing them with refillable versions. Reuse heat from the engines and exhaust systems to warm the hot water tanks, saving the equivalent power of 6,700 households per year. Stopped using heavy fuel over a decade ago. Encourage guests not to have daily showers or bed sheet changes.

Lindblad Expeditions has continued to build new ships to reduce emissions, increase efficiency, and be 100% carbon neutral, investing more than £1.5 million in carbon offset projects.

Operated a sustainable seafood programme fleetwide for many years. Made crew uniforms from recycled plastic. Continues to work with National Geographic to promote sustainable tourism – educational voyages allow guests to learn from leading scientists, naturalists, and researchers.

The Green Report 2023

Noble Caledonia provides refillable water bottles on their ships to reduce plastic usage. As an expedition cruise line, they are heavily involved in helping to clear plastic pollution from Aldabra's turtle nesting beaches and tortoise grazing areas. During one five-week effort, a team of 12 people removed a significant 25,750 kilograms of marine debris. 24

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Operated beach clean-up days aboard their ships and conducted a beach clean-up of plastic and fishing gear. The waste is then returned to the vessel for disposal at the next port.

Aiming for a 40% reduction in industry-wide carbon emissions rate by 2030

Invested in fuel optimization systems to enhance fuel-efficiency, transitioning from using heavy HFO to lighter, more environmentally friendly MGO, and upgraded waste management processes to reduce waste generation. Investments have been made in a food digester that significantly reduces food waste and associated emissions, while also maintaining a strict separation of other types of waste.

Oceania Cruises has eliminated several million single-use plastic bottles per year from onboard use and provided guests with refillable keepsake bottles.

All vessels on order will have cold-ironing capabilities Advanced Wastewater purification systems have been installed across the fleet Over 80% of self-produced water is used onboard across the fleet. Oceania purchased 3-million tons of carbon offsets, which is a step closer to achieving their aim to become carbon neutral. They are currently working to reduce their CO2 emissions rate and increase sustainable sourcing.

The Green Report 2023

P&O Cruises is dedicated to a decarbonisation strategy, notably by introducing their first LNG-powered ship, Iona, for the British market. This move has significantly reduced carbon emissions. Additionally, the company has equipped all vessels to connect to shore power while in port, reducing emissions.

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Installing AAQS to remove sulfur compounds and particle matter from the ships’ engine exhausts.

In 2019, the cruise line became the first to exclude fuel oil and switch to Low Sulfur Marine Gasoil, ten times lower than the maximum.

Reduction in single-use plastics. • Working with suppliers to increase the sustainability of seafood sourcing and avoiding species rated as high-impact, threatened, or endangered.

Ponant has offset 150% of its carbon emissions and is the first cruise line to achieve Green Marine certification. Additionally, Ponant recently acquired a 75% reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions by having the ship’s catalytic converters operate continuously.

As of 2022, single-use plastics have been eliminated across the fleet. Ponant’s vessels are fitted with electric connections, using shore-to-ship power when docked at suitably equipped ports. They are limited to an average speed of 10-knots whilst sailing, reducing fuel consumption by 30%. 100% of waste is separated and sorted, with 60% being recycled – that compares to the global average of less than 20%. Ponant launched its first hybrid polar exploration ship powered by liquified natural gas and electric generators. Le Commandant Charcot also has an onboard scientific research team. Ensuring the reuse and traceability of all waste by 2025. Reducing carbon emissions by 30%, nitrogen oxide by 85% and sulfur emissions by 98% by 2030.

The Green Report 2023

Princess Cruises aims to incorporate environmental practices that set a high standard for excellence and responsibility and help preserve the marine environment.

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Committed to further reducing fuel consumption by investing in AAQS and EGCS (Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems).

Reducing single-use plastics

Princess Cruises pioneered shore power in the cruise industry in 2001, allowing them to turn off their diesel engines and to a plug-in power supply in the port. Achieved and maintained certification to the ‘Environmental Management System’ standard alongside investing in advanced air quality systems technology and the necessary equipment to minimise pollution.

Regent Seven Seas has created a long-term climate action strategy to help offset three million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent over three years.

Part of the ‘Sail and Sustain’ Environmental Programme, focusing on reducing environmental impact They incorporated a voluntary carbon offset programme and explored more eco-friendly alternative fuels to use on their future voyages. Continuing to self-produce approximately 83% of the water used on board to increase their environmental footprint

The Green Report 2023

The Ritz Carlton Yacht Collection has partnered with Evac, and as a result, Ilma and Luminara will also include advanced water treatment systems and utilise Evac’s freshwater generation systems. 30

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

They will also include an efficient heat recovery loop and LED lighting.

Saga’s ships have adopted the single-use plastic policy.

The line’s two new superyachts, Ilma and Luminara, will be fitted with four dual-fuel engines, utilising liquefied natural gas as their main fuel source. The Ritz-Carlton Yachts feature cutting-edge environmental technology and advanced UV-based ballast water treatment systems, ensuring they protect the oceans from invasive and non-native organisms.

Saga Cruises purchases 96% of its electricity from a completely renewable power supply. It has further reduced its environmental impact by installing advanced waste management treatment systems, increasing recycling, and reducing onboard waste.

They have set a 30% reduction target for emissions by 2030, aiming to hit below their 2°c temperature rise global target by 2050 Saga is working with ‘Travelife Gold‘ certified hotels, which helps promote sustainability within the tourism industry and minimise their environmental impact.

The Green Report 2023

Scenic Cruises recently joined ‘Climate Friendly’ and has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by funding renewable energy projects and offsetting any emissions created, effectively becoming a climate-friendly business. 32

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Scenic purchases carbon credits from Climate Friendly™ to fund renewable energy projects such as wind and solar plants.

Reduced single-use plastic, swapping for reusable alternatives such as wood and bamboo

All single-use plastic has been eliminated from Scenic-owned vessels worldwide, including river and ocean ships. An accredited independent third-party organization has been enlisted as a partner to calculate the average carbon footprint of guests on each voyage, with the objective of reducing this footprint. Exclusively sourcing fresh produce from local markets and maintaining onboard herb gardens (on selected ships).

Seabourn has maintained its excellent routine for continuous improvements in critical sectors such as fuel efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, and recycling.

Guests and crew are provided with reusable water bottles. Seabourn continues to reduce waste generated by ship operations. Seabourn continues to improve the quality of its emissions into the air by developing and operating advanced air quality systems across the fleet, capable of reducing sulfur compounds from the ship’s engine exhaust. Each ship has a full-time Environmental Officer who oversees compliance and implementation of procedures. The Green Report 2023

SeaDream Yacht Club is a luxury cruise line committed to sustainability and minimising its environmental impact with a hybrid propulsion system on its newest fleet, allowing the yacht to sail silently and reducing its impact on marine ecosystems. 34

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Member of the Marine Conservation Society and supports the Coral Restoration Foundation.

New vessels will use dual-fuel engines with LNG as the primary fuel, batteries, and fuel cells.

Waste heat recovery to convert waste heat from the engines into electricity, reducing the yacht’s emissions and fuel consumption. SeaDream yachts connect to shore power when possible, further reducing their emissions when in port. Equipped with energy-efficient appliances and lighting. Water conservation, which has low-fixtures and efficient irrigation systems in place to reduce water consumption.

Silversea’s new Nova-class ships, starting with 2023’s Silver Nova, will use hydrogen fuel cell technology to provide 100% of the power while in port, which, if successful, would be a first in the cruise industry.

Silversea’s purpose-built Galapagos ship, Silver Origin, incorporates environmentally low-impact features to comply with future rules and regulations, including Galapagos National Park Directorate regulations. The team at Silversea are working towards making the process of shipbuilding carbon-neutral They are reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.

Encouraging guests to practice responsible boating, such as properly disposing of waste and avoiding sensitive habitats. The Green Report 2023

Star Clippers’ fleet operates under wind power up to 70% of the time, minimising the use of their auxiliary engines and contributing towards a reduced carbon footprint.

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Using a less polluting fuel grade and utilising high-quality, low-sulphur gas oil.

All vessels have four diesel and two electro engines, reducing fuel consumption and allowing them to maintain Zero Emission Day capabilities that keep Alaska’s air and water clean.

Only Eco-friendly products are used onboard their vessels. Onboard recycling, reduced waste and proper disposal of remaining waste. The fleet is equipped with more minor, energy-efficient engines designed to exceed new regulations on exhaust gas emissions. Star Flyer was the first ship awarded the ‘International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate.’

Victory Cruise Lines has recently installed the Ulstein X-BOW on one of their ships, Ocean Victory, allowing the vessel to glide through the waves with minimal vibration quietly, reducing fuel consumption by up to 60%.

Stabilisers have been implemented throughout the fleet, minimising the necessity of dropping anchor and protecting seabeds. Marine biologists, scientists, and naturalists from the Department of Marine Biology at California Polytechnic State University are on board to lead excursions and host lectures for guests and fellow crew members.

The Green Report 2023

Viking Cruises has focused on reducing its carbon footprint across its ocean and river fleets, reducing its fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by 40%.

The Green Report 2023

OTHER ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES INCLUDE:

Viking owns a higher energy efficiency design index that exceeds the International Maritime Organization requirements for 2025 by almost 20%.

Reduced their ecological footprint and have recently installed eco-friendly LED lighting throughout, already using 90% less energy.

The ocean ships have energy-efficient hull, propeller and rudder arrangements alongside efficient engines with heat recovery systems. Viking’s river vessels, Viking Legend and Viking Prestige, are fitted with diesel-electric hybrid engines, which reduce fuel consumption by 20% compared to regular diesel vessels. Additionally, both ships boast solar panels to increase their energy efficiency.

Windstar Cruises has kept up with formulating and maintaining environmental management systems, therefore achieving an ISO 14001 certification.

Converted to 100% recyclable packaging. Windstar uses environmentally friendly materials onboard and within the ship’s design. All vessels have had stabilisers containing heavy metals removed to reduce CO2 emissions by 50%. Using the sails in tandem with the engines reduces fuel consumption significantly compared to when the engines are the sole operators.

The Green Report 2023

GLOSSARY

The Green Report 2023

AAQS

Advanced Air Quality Systems, regulating air quality aboard ships, ensuring that emissions from ship operations meet acceptable levels to protect the health of those onboard and the marine environment.

Ballast

A compartment within the ship or other floating structure that holds water.

B CORP Certification

A recognition given to companies that meet strict social and environmental responsibility standards, signifying their commitment to both profit and positive impacts on society and the environment.

Biodegradable

The ability of a substance or material to break down naturally and decompose into simpler, environmentally benign substances over time.

Carbon Credits

Carbon credits are like eco-rewards earned for reducing carbon emissions, which can be sold to others to offset their emissions.

CLIA

Cruise Lines International Associations – the global cruise industry's leading voice and global cruise community's leading authority.

EGCS

Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems.

EPA Tier 3

“Tier 3” refers to a set of fuel standards adopted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2014.

FSC

Forest Stewardship Council.

HFO

Heavy fuel oil.

IMO

International Maritime Organization.

LNG-Powered

Using liquefied natural gas as the main fuel source for vehicles, vessels, or industrial equipment. It's an eco-friendlier option compared to traditional fuels.

MGO

Marine Gas Oil.

NOX emissions

NOx emissions are the bad gases released into the air when things like cars and factories burn fuel which can harm both people and the environment.

PROMAS

Integrated propulsion and manoeuvring system.

RINA Dolphin

Ensures that low underwater noise emissions, contributing to the preservation of marine life.

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)

Technology that cleans up emissions from industrial sources using special catalyst and a chemical urea to turn harmful nitrogen oxides (NOx) into harmless nitrogen gas and water vapor in the exhaust, helping to reduce pollution and protect the environment.

Ship-to-shore power

Refers to a system in which ships at port connect to electrical power sources onshore instead of running their onboard engines or generators to provide electricity.

SOx

Sulfur oxides, or SOx, are chemicals produced when we burn fuels that contain sulfur and oxygen.

Ulstein X-Bow

Ulstein X-BOW is a ship design with a unique sloping bow that helps ships handle rough seas better and be more fuel-efficient.

VLSFO

Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil.

WWF

World Wildlife Fund. The Green Report 2023