Speaking c i l b u P A me for Program evel Second L Students
alk | STAND
luate | T Listen | Eva
STUDENT WORKBOOK
Enabling and empowering our youth to powerfully pitch and present their ideas. Siobhรกn Keenan Fitzgerald (M.Ed.)
Speaking c i l b u P A me for Program evel Second L Students
| Talk | e t a lu a v E | ten
Lis
STAND
STUDENT WORKBOOK
Enabling and empowering our youth to powerfully pitch and present their ideas. Siobhรกn Keenan Fitzgerald (M.Ed.)
Published by 4Schools 89F Lagan Road, Dublin Industrial Estate, Glasnevin, Dublin 11, D11 F98N, Republic of Ireland. T: ++ 353 1 8081494 - F: ++ 353 1 836 2739 - E: info@4schools.ie
Š 2020 Siobhån Keenan Fitzgerald (M.Ed.)
If you would like information on further training on public speaking for teachers or schools please contact info@4schools.ie
ISBN 978-1-907330-26-1
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, without written permission of the publisher. Such written permission must also be obtained before any part of this publication is stored in a retrieval system of any nature. Requests for permission should be directed to 4Schools, 89F Lagan Road, Dublin Industrial Estate, Glasnevin, Dublin 11, D11 F98N, Republic of Ireland. or info@4schools.ie
4Schools has attempted to contact all proprietors of images, texts and graphics included in this book. Proprietors we could not reach are requested to contact us.
Table of Contents LET’s Stand Visualisation Activity ............................................................................................................. 03 Nerves ............................................................................................................................................................ 04 Focus Boxes / Skills ..................................................................................................................................... 05 My Understanding of the Individual Skills ............................................................................................ 06 Simple, Sample Presentation Using all Focuses .................................................................................... 22 Rules for the Listener ............................................................................................................................ 23 Rules for Evaluating .................................................................................................................................. 24 Rules for the Speaker ................................................................................................................................ 24 20 Possible Project Titles ........................................................................................................................ 25 My Choice of 10 Projects ......................................................................................................................... 26 Evaluating (Listening and Looking) ...................................................................................................... 27 The Language of Speech/Presentation Evaluations ......................................................................... 29 Sample Evaluation Slips ............................................................................................................................. 31 20 Possible Projects with Presentation Aid Templates ...................................................................... 34 Tips for PowerPoint .................................................................................................................................... 74 Visual Techniques to Aid Planning and Memory ............................................................................... 76 Powerful Phrases and Interesting Words ....................................................................................... 80 Quotations .................................................................................................................................................... 84 My Own Favourite Quotations ............................................................................................................... 86 Debating - Sample Judging Sheet ............................................................................................................ 88 Winning Team Captain / Individual Sport Star Speech ................................................................... 89 Runner-Up Captain / Individual Sport Star Speech ............................................................................. 90 Pre-match Pep Talk / Motivational Speech ........................................................................................ 91 List of Famous Speech Excerpts ......................................................................................................... 92 Planning That First Presentation ....................................................................................................... 108 The ‘Key Method’ ................................................................................................................................. 109 Alternative Presentation Ideas ............................................................................................................. 110 How to Communicate ............................................................................................................................ 112 LET’s Stand Assessment Rubric ........................................................................................................ 114 Interesting / Useful Videos ...................................................................................................................... 116 Studying the Different Focuses ...................................................................................................... 118 LET’s Stand Programme Video Links .............................................................................................. 120
Focus Boxes / Skills As you learn and progress through the Focus Boxes, why not check out some of the links to speeches on YouTube, provided and recommended at the back of this book, so that you can observe these skills in action!
Stand Up
Voice
Speak Out
Structure
Facial Expression
Hand Gestures
Props / Visual Aids
Body Language
Lovely Language
Eye Contact
Pause
Story
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My Understanding of the Individual Skills
“You will discover that you have two hands. One is for helping yourself and the other is for helping others.”
Hand Gestures
Some key points:
•
Hand gestures used with words can aid understanding.
•
Hand gestures can sometimes take the place of words.
•
Many hand gestures are understood by all and some are culture specific.
Hand Gestures in action Do
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Audrey Hepburn
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Don’t
My Understanding of the Individual Skills
“The eyes are the mirror of the soul.”
Eye Contact
Some key points:
•
Making eye contact with the person or people we are speaking to helps to hold their attention and convince them of our message.
•
With a large audience, we can choose to scan the room with our eyes or look at individuals in the audience seated on different sides of the room at different points of our presentation.
•
We don’t easily trust people who don’t make eye contact with us.
Eye Contact in Action Do
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Don’t
My Understanding of the Individual Skills
“The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed pause.” Mark Twain
Pause
Some key points:
•
Pause helps to convey emotion and helps deliver a serious message
•
Pause gives the audience time to think about what we’ve said
•
Pause, used well, helps me to look more confident and comfortable in front of my audience
Pause in action Do
Don’t
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My Understanding of the Individual Skills
“The most powerful person in the world is the storyteller.” Steve Jobs
Story
Some key points:
•
The usage of story is powerful when we speak in front of others, just as it is on social media.
•
Stories have their own natural sequence that make them easy to remember and to tell.
•
Personal stories can be unique and universal at the same time; “A story is the shortest distance between two human beings.”
Story in action Do
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Don’t
Reflection Time
Eye Contact 1. How does your teacher make use of eye contact when teaching? _________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. When you’re walking through the corridor today, try to make eye contact with as many people as possible and smile. How does this make you feel? 3. Do you trust and / or listen to people who don’t make eye contact with you? ______
Pause 1. In your opinion, why is pausing so important?__________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Find a quote on the internet that speaks to you about the power of pause. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
Story 1. What makes your story unique? _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________
Affirmations Affirmations I used this week: _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________
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A Simple Sample Presentation Using All Focuses (Stand Up; Speak Out; Facial Expression - Smile)
Classmates; Teachers; Friends Good morning My name is
(Eye Contact; Hand Gestures; Voice)
(Body Language - Open Arms).
(Body Language)
____________ Today
you three things about myself.
(Pause)
I’d like to tell
(Hand Gesture)
Firstly, (Hand Gesture; Structure) _____________________________________ family____________________________.
(e.g. Prop / Visual aid, e.g. photo / picture)
Secondly, _________________________________ hobby
(Using nice describing words, perhaps alliterations, similes, metaphors etc.) ________________________.
Thirdly,
(something you may not know / goal or wish for the future)
________________________.
(Lovely Language, Hand Gesture, Structure) (Hand Gesture; Lovely Language; Structure)
In conclusion, I have introduced myself to you by sharing information about my family, hobbies and dreams. I look forward to hearing about you.
Thank you for listening
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(Pause; Breathe)
(Structure; Summarising)
Rules for Evaluating 1
The feedback is on the speech / presentation, not on the speaker as a person.
2
Give two or three pieces of positive feedback.
3
Tell the speaker how the speech made you feel.
4
Tell the speaker what you most liked and will remember about the presentation.
5
Offer one recommendation / one piece of constructive criticism that would make the presentation even better, in your opinion.
Rules for the Speaker
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1
Be prepared
(confident that you have put time and effort into your presentation).
2
Walk to the lectern with confidence
(you have something important to say).
3
Look around at your audience and smile.
4
Take a deep breath and begin.
5
Relax and enjoy.
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This is where I will practise evaluating my friends' presentations following the 'Rules for Evaluating' on page 24.
Evaluation Presentation Title: Date: This is what I liked: 1. Content:
2. Delivery:
Recommendation:
e! Well Don
Evaluation Presentation Title: Date: This is what I liked: 1. Content:
2. Delivery:
Recommendation:
e! Well Don Student Book | LET’s Stand
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Project
01
ME, What Makes Me Special, Who I Am (What I stand for, Where I’m from, What I know)
Focus Box
Time: 01 minute
The following templates for each of the 20 projects are designed to prompt some ideas. You may prefer to use the blank templates
Stand Up
or the mind-map design to plan. Choose whichever one YOU find most helpful for you.
General Description • Look like, appearance, age • Like, don’t like • Good at • Family, etc...
Include: Where I’m from:
What I stand for:
What I know for sure:
Teacher’s Note:
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Tip! Focus on your proud, strong stand
My Key Message:
and how you hold yourself!
(What’s the most important message for the audience to get from my presentation?)
My Ideas
Skills
What will I say?
Skills I should focus on / Skills I will use
Ending
Point 3
Point 2
Point 1
Introduction
Key Words
Skills: Stand Up (St)
Voice (V)
Facial Expression (FE)
Lovely Language (LL)
Structure (Str)
Pause (Pa)
Speak Out (SpO)
Props (Pr)
Hand Gestures (HG)
Body Language (BL)
Eye Contact (EC)
Story (Sto)
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Project
My Ideal Job
Focus Box
Time:
1. My ideal job is_______________________________________________________________________ 2. Why? 3. What does it involve?
• ______________________________________________________
• ______________________________________________________
• ______________________________________________________
4. Someone I know who already has this job? ________________________________________ 5. In conclusion ________________________________________________________________________
Picture of me doing my ideal job
Teacher’s Note:
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Tip! Focus on using very descriptive
My Key Message:
adjectives, perhaps groups of three!
(What’s the most important message for the audience to get from my presentation?)
My Ideas
Skills
What will I say?
Skills I should focus on / Skills I will use
Ending
Point 3
Point 2
Point 1
Introduction
Key Words
Skills: Stand Up (St)
Voice (V)
Facial Expression (FE)
Lovely Language (LL)
Structure (Str)
Pause (Pa)
Speak Out (SpO)
Props (Pr)
Hand Gestures (HG)
Body Language (BL)
Eye Contact (EC)
Story (Sto)
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Project
An Issue of Major Concern in the World Today
Focus Box
Time:
Why is this a major concern?
What can I / we do about it?
Lovely Language
Teacher’s Note:
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Tip! Focus on using hand gestures and body language to
My Key Message:
communicate the enormity and urgency of this concern!
(What’s the most important message for the audience to get from my presentation?)
My Ideas
Skills
What will I say?
Skills I should focus on / Skills I will use
Ending
Point 3
Point 2
Point 1
Introduction
Key Words
Skills: Stand Up (St)
Voice (V)
Facial Expression (FE)
Lovely Language (LL)
Structure (Str)
Pause (Pa)
Speak Out (SpO)
Props (Pr)
Hand Gestures (HG)
Body Language (BL)
Eye Contact (EC)
Story (Sto)
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Project
Today I Am a Teacher for 1 to 3 Minutes
Focus Box
Time:
Lesson
Teach Facial expression, voice What did you already know? What do students want to learn ? / What do you want to teach?
Teach What did they learn?
Teacher’s Note:
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Tip! Focus on eye contact with individual members of the audience
My Key Message:
/ class to ensure you are keeping listeners’ attention!
(What’s the most important message for the audience to get from my presentation?)
My Ideas
Skills
What will I say?
Skills I should focus on / Skills I will use
Ending
Point 3
Point 2
Point 1
Introduction
Key Words
Skills: Stand Up (St)
Voice (V)
Facial Expression (FE)
Lovely Language (LL)
Structure (Str)
Pause (Pa)
Speak Out (SpO)
Props (Pr)
Hand Gestures (HG)
Body Language (BL)
Eye Contact (EC)
Story (Sto)
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Project
How the Past Has Influenced the Present
Focus Box
Time:
Structure
Choose one event from history: Event and some background:
What happened?
How it influenced the present:
Did we learn any lessons from it?
Teacher’s Note:
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Tip! Focus on using hand gestures to indicate and
My Key Message:
differentiate between the past and the present!
(What’s the most important message for the audience to get from my presentation?)
My Ideas
Skills
What will I say?
Skills I should focus on / Skills I will use
Ending
Point 3
Point 2
Point 1
Introduction
Key Words
Skills: Stand Up (St)
Voice (V)
Facial Expression (FE)
Lovely Language (LL)
Structure (Str)
Pause (Pa)
Speak Out (SpO)
Props (Pr)
Hand Gestures (HG)
Body Language (BL)
Eye Contact (EC)
Story (Sto)
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Visual Techniques to Aid Planning and Memory
TOPIC TOPIC Finally
First
Finally
First
Next
Then
Next
Then
(In your mind, you could locate the main points on the quarters of a clock, use whatever strategy or technique works for you.)
Point 1 Point 1
Point 5
Point 2
Point 5
Point 2
Point 4
Point 3
Point 4
Point 3
Picture the points on a clock, starting at the top and working around, clockwise.
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Memory Aid and Visual Plan
Opening
My Message / Main Point
Ending
Point 1
Point 3
Point 2
Or students can be guided to create / etch their own mind maps with various degrees of complexity.
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Quotations Topic
Author / Orator
Kindness
“No matter what happens in life, be good to people. Being good to people is a wonderful legacy to leave behind.”
Taylor Swift
Life and Learning
“Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.”
Mahatma Gandhi
“Be the change that you wish to see in the world.”
Mahatma Gandhi
Difficulties
“We could never learn to be brave and patient if there were only joy in the world.”
Helen Keller
Self Awareness
“I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.”
‘Invictus’ by William Ernest Henley
Self Awareness
“There is no passion to be found playing small in settling for a life that is less than the one you are capable of living.”
Nelson Mandela
Education
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”.
Nelson Mandela
Courage
“I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.”
Nelson Mandela
Money / Wealth
“A wise man should have money in his head, but not in his heart.”
Jonathan Swift
Happiness / Gratitude
“The happiest people do not have the best of everything, they just make the most of everything that comes their way.”
Unknown
Technology
“Technology gives us power, but it does not and cannot tell us how to use that power. Thanks to technology, we can instantly communicate across the world, but it still doesn’t help us know what to say.”
Jonathan Sacks
Choice and Power
“The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty, and all forms of human life.”
John F. Kennedy
Goals
“Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment.”
Jim Rohn
Goals
“If you set goals and go after them with all the determination you can muster, your gifts will take you places that will amaze you.”
Les Brown
Change
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Quotation
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My Own Favourite Quotations Topic
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Quotation
Author / Orator
List of Famous Speech Excerpts Included (for Project 7)
Inaugural Speech Given by Her Excellency Mary Robinson, President of Ireland, in Dublin Castle on Monday, Dec 3, 1990..................................................................................... page 93 You Are Stealing Our Future: Greta Thunberg, 15, Condemns the World’s Inaction on Climate Change, 2018 ....................................................... page 96 Transcript of Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech, Delivered on the Steps of the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C., Aug 28, 1963.................. page 97 Emma Watson’s 2014 Speech on Gender Equality ................................................................. page 100 Barack Obama’s Acceptance / Victory Speech (2008) as President-Elect of the USA ........ page 102 The Graveside Oration of Pádraig Pearse at the Funeral of the Great Fenian Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa............................................................................................... page 106
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Famous Speech
You Are Stealing Our Future: Greta Thunberg, 15, Condemns the World’s Inaction on Climate Change https://youtu.be/HzeekxtyFOY 4.05 mins
My name is Greta Thunberg. I am 15 years old and I am from Sweden. I speak on behalf of Climate Justice Now. Many people say that Sweden is just a small country and it doesn’t matter what we do. But I’ve learned you are never too small to make a difference. And if a few children can get headlines all over the world just by not going to school, then imagine what we could all do together if we really wanted to. But to do that, we have to speak clearly, no matter how uncomfortable that may be. You only speak of green, eternal economic growth because you are too scared of being unpopular. You only talk about moving forward with the same bad ideas that got us into this mess, even when the only sensible thing to do is pull the emergency brake. You are not mature enough to tell it like it is. Even that burden you leave to us children. But I don’t care about being popular. I care about climate justice and the living planet. Our civilization is being sacrificed for the opportunity of a very small number of people to continue making enormous amounts of money. Our biosphere is being sacrificed so that rich people in countries like mine can live in luxury. It is the sufferings of the many which pay for the luxuries of the few. The year 2078, I will celebrate my 75th birthday. If I have children maybe they will spend that day with me. Maybe they will
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ask me about you. Maybe they will ask why you didn’t do anything while there still was time to act. You say you love your children above all else, and yet you are stealing their future in front of their very eyes. Until you start focusing on what needs to be done rather than what is politically possible, there is no hope. We cannot solve a crisis without treating it as a crisis. We need to keep the fossil fuels in the ground, and we need to focus on equity. And if solutions within the system are so impossible to find, then maybe we should change the system itself. We have not come here to beg world leaders to care. You have ignored us in the past and you will ignore us again. We have run out of excuses and we are running out of time. We have come here to let you know that change is coming, whether you like it or not. The real power belongs to the people. Thank you.
How to Communicate
Remember, it’s not possible to not communicate!
7% Verbal Words (What we say)
38% Para-verbal
55% Non-verbal
Tone (How we say it)
Expressions and actions (What we do)
Triangles of Eye Contact 3 areas of eye contact
It is generally recognised that there are 3 levels or types of eye contact we can use when looking at an individual. If we look at a person’s eyes or above, this conveys a strong impression of power. Looking at a person’s eyes and the lower part of their face is more often what we do when we are socialising with people. This is known as the ‘social triangle’. If we are interested in or attracted to somebody, we will be more likely to use the intimate triangle of eye contact, looking at their body or from their eyes to their body. Take notice of how you look at the people around you. Your teacher? Your friends? Someone you meet at a disco or party?
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Power Social
Intimate
I have a voice by Siobhán Keenan Fitzgerald
I have a voice It’s loud and clear And I will use it For all to hear I listen with my ears When others speak their mind I think and offer feedback That’s positive and kind I have a voice A mouth, a tongue So much to share Though I’m quite young I stand up tall To speak out today To tell my story In my special way I have a voice It’s mine, it’s dear And I will use it For all to hear.
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Facial Expression
Structure
Voice
Speak Out
Stand Up Speaks out loud, but too quickly
Almost inaudible and/ or speaks too quickly and is unclear
Beginning, middle or ending clear, but not the rest
Nervous smile at the beginning, then same expression throughout
No evidence of sequencing
One fixed expression (perhaps scared or nervous look)
Uses some intonation
Stands, but is fidgeting, takes time to get started
Reluctant to stand up
Speaks in a monotone voice
Developing 2
Beginner 1
Warm smile at the beginning, then same expression throughout
Beginning and ending clear, but not enough body
Uses some intonation and different expression
Speaks slowly but is difficult to hear
Walks up slowly, shows obvious signs of nerves
Average 3
Warm smile at the beginning and at least two other facial expressions during the speech, e.g. to show surprise, confusion, fear (raised eyebrows etc...)
Clear beginning, middle and ending, but transitions from one part to the next unclear
Uses loud voice, soft voice, expression and emphasis, but not always appropriately
Speaks out loud and slowly, but pace is not appropriate for the speech
Stands up quickly, but has weak posture. Perhaps slightly bent over and swinging back and forth
Competent 4
The following Assessment Rubric will inform you as to how your skill level in each of the ‘Focus Box’ areas could be assessed, illustrating what the different degrees of competency might look like.
LET’s Stand Assessment Rubric
Begins with a smile and uses a few different facial expressions, at least one for impact regarding a point in the presentation, and finishes with a smile
Excellently structured. Beginning, middle and ending, with language to indicate each e.g. Firstly... In conclusion
Uses vocal variety, expression, intonation and emphasis to great effect.
Speaks clearly, loud enough for all to hear and at good pace. Excellent voice projection, speaking from the diaphragm
Springs into action with energy and enthusiasm. Confident posture
Very Competent 5
Total
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Pause
Lovely Language
Eye Contact
Body Language
Hand Gestures
Visual Aid / Props
Positive, open stance
Slightly negative, e.g. perhaps slumped stance with arms folded
Very fast pace with no pause
Language is simple and basic, with no descriptors
Uses pause at beginning
Language is simple and basic, with some descriptors, mainly adjectives
Looks out to the audience once or twice in one direction
Hand gestures only as part of the greeting, but limp and low
No hand gestures, not even as part of the greeting
Makes no eye contact with the audience
Uses one visual aid but quality is small / poor / difficult for audience to see
Developing 2
Uses no visual aids
Beginner 1
Uses pause on one or two occasions, effectively. Evidence of deliberate pause
Language is topic specific, with one or two examples of “lovely language” e.g. alliterations, adjectives, adverbs
Looks out to the audience on three or more occasions
Positive, open stance with one example of body language e.g. head shake / nod, arms folded, shoulder shrug, change in stance
Hand gestures only as part of the greeting, strong and at an appropriate level
Uses a few visual aids, eg. pictures / posters, flash cards, artifacts, Powerpoint. Quality: good
Average 3
Uses pause on one or two occasions, effectively. Evidence of deliberate pause
Three or more examples of lovely language, e.g. vivid descriptions, alliterations, similes, metaphors, advanced vocabulary
Looks up and out regularly, taking in the whole audience, but doesn’t make direct eye contact with any individuals in the audience
Positive open stance, with at least two examples of body language, with some effect
Uses hand gestures at least three times during presentation
Uses very good quality visual aids, but could do so more smoothly
Competent 4
Uses pause on three or more occasions very effectively and deliberately
Five or more examples of lovely language, e.g. vivid descriptions, alliterations, similes, metaphors, advanced vocabulary
Looks up and out regularly, taking in the whole audience and makes direct eye contact with a few individuals
Open, positive body language, confident stand, head up. Uses at least three different examples of body language, to excellent effect
Uses hand gestures more than three times during presentation and for deliberate effect
Uses PowerPoint or other visual aids with great ease and effectively. Excellent quality of visual aids adds to and reinforces the message of the presentation
Very Competent 5
Total
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Enabling and empowering our youth to powerfully pitch and present their ideas. Siobhán Keenan Fitzgerald (M.Ed.)
978-1-907330-26-1 89F Lagan Road, Dublin Industrial Estate, Glasnevin, Dublin 11, D11 F98N, Republic of Ireland. T: ++ 353 1 8081494 - F: ++ 353 1 836 2739 - E: info@4schools.ie - W: www.4schools.ie 124
LET’s Stand | Student Book