contains
8
Leaving Cert Higher Level
mock papers
PAST
MOCK EXAM
SA M
PL
E
PAPERS
GEOGRAPHY
TABLE of CONTENTS Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination - HIGHER LEVEL
01
E
MOCK PAPER 1
MOCK PAPER 3 MOCK PAPER 4
SA M
MOCK PAPER 5
PL
MOCK PAPER 2
35 69 103 139
MOCK PAPER 5
175
MOCK PAPER 7
211
MOCK PAPER 8
247
SCAN THE QR CODE TO SEE ALL SOLUTIONS
*P9fc*
Name:
School:
Address: Class:
Teacher:
Pre-Leaving Certiϐicate Examination
PL
E
GEOGRAPHY – HIGHER LEVEL
Total Mark
SecƟon
Mark
TIME: 2 HOURS 50 MINUTES 400 marks
For the Examiner’s Use Only
Part Two Structured and Essay QuesƟons
SA M
Total Mark Part One Short-Answer QuesƟons QuesƟon 1 QuesƟon 2 QuesƟon 3 QuesƟon 4 QuesƟon 5 QuesƟon 6 QuesƟon 7 QuesƟon 8 QuesƟon 9 QuesƟon 10 QuesƟon 11 QuesƟon 12 Accumulated Mark Disallowed Marks Net Mark
QuesƟon
Total
%
Grade:
Note: Remember to return this paper with your answer book. Otherwise, you will lose marks.
1
2
PL
SA M E
Volcanic AcƟvity
A
B
C
D
PL
E
2.
Examine the photographs above and answer each of the following quesƟons. Match each of the photographs A, B, C and D with the feature or process that best matches it in the table below.
SA M
(i)
Feature / Process
LeƩer
PyroclasƟc ow
Lava ssure erupƟon Caldera
Lava vent erupƟon
(ii)
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by Ɵcking () the correct box. (a)
Dome cone volcanoes form from basic lava. True
(b)
False
A dormant volcano is a volcano that will never erupt again. True
False [8m]
3
The Physical Environment
A
B
C
D
PL
E
3.
Examine the photographs above and answer each of the following quesƟons. Match each of the photographs A, B, C and D with the feature that best matches it in the table below.
SA M
(i) (ii)
Indicate, by Ɵcking () the correct box, whether each of the features in the table below is most associated with the process of erosion, deposiƟon or weathering. Q.3 (i)
LeƩer
Feature
Q.3 (ii) Erosion ()
DeposiƟon ( )
Weathering ()
Arête
Scree Slope
Arcuate Delta Bird’s Foot Delta
[8m]
4
4.
Ordnance Survey Map Examine the 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map and legend accompanying this paper and answer each of the following quesƟons. Measure the length, in kilometres, of the Barrow Way from where it enters the map at S 640 975 to where it crosses the River Barrow at S 683 935.
(ii)
EsƟmate the area, in square kilometres, of the land south of the county boundary.
(iii)
Does the anƟquity at S 656 989 provide evidence of seƩlement from the Norman or the Early ChrisƟan period?
(iv)
Give a six-gure grid reference for the railway staƟon in Athy.
SA M
PL
E
(i)
5
[8m]
5.
The European Union
EU member states
EN
ICELAND
SW
ED
FINLAND RUSSIA
NORWAY ESTONIA
ARK
LATIVIA
POLAND
GERMANY
BELGIUM
UKRAINE
IA VAK SLO
VA DO
OL
PL
CZECH REPUBLIC
M
LUXEMBOURG
BELARUS
E
UNITED KINGDOM
NE TH ER LA ND S
IR EL AN D
DANE M
LITHUANIA RUSSIA
AUSTRIA HUNGARY
FRANCE
SWITZERLAND
CROATIA
BOSNIA AND HERCEGOVINA
BULGARIA
ONIA MACED
IA
SA M
MONTENEGRO KOSOVO
N BA
POR TUG AL
SERBIA
AL
ITALY
SPAIN
ROMANIA
SLOVENIA
TURKEY
GREECE
CYPRUS
(i)
Which of the following countries is not a member of the European Union: Ukraine or Portugal?
(ii)
Name one country that was a founding member of the European Union (then the EEC) in 1957.
(iii)
Name one policy of the European Union that has impacted the Irish primary economic sector.
(iv)
Briey explain one problem likely to be faced by EU member states in the future.
6
[8m]
6.
The Geology of Ireland
A
D
PL
E
B
SA M
C
Examine the map of Ireland above and answer each of the following quesƟons. (i)
Complete the table by matching each of the images A to D with the name of the rock that best matches it in the table below.
(ii)
Match each of the following locaƟons with the rock type that is most associated with it in the table below. Macgillycuddy’s Reeks
Dublin-Wicklow Mountains
The Burren
Giant’s Causeway
Q.6 (i)
Rock
LeƩer
Q.6 (ii) LocaƟon
Granite Limestone Basalt Sandstone [8m] 7
7.
Aerial Photograph and Ordnance Survey Map Examine the aerial photograph and the 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map and legend accompanying this paper and answer each of the following quesƟons. In what direcƟon was the camera pointed when the aerial photograph was taken?
(ii)
IdenƟfy one example of how the river in the photograph is used for recreaƟonal purposes.
(iii)
IdenƟfy the type of road that enters the photograph in the right middleground.
(iv)
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by Ɵcking () the correct box. (a)
PL
E
(i)
The photograph was taken in winter. True
The photograph is a high oblique photograph.
SA M
(b)
False
True
8
False [8m]
8.
Ordnance Survey Map 92 86
93
94
95
96
97
98
85
85
84
X
84
535
83
E
83
81 92
93
94
PL
82
95
96
97
98
(a)
IdenƟfy the type of glacial lake present in the Devil’s Punch Bowl.
(b)
What is the height above sea level (in metres) of this lake?
82
81 99
SA M
(i)
99 86
(ii)
What is the aspect of the slope at X?
(iii)
IdenƟfy, using a six-gure grid reference, one piece of evidence from the map that suggests Muckross Lake has a tourist funcƟon.
[8m]
9
9.
Weather (i)
Match each of the meteorological terms in table A with the descripƟon that best matches it in table B by wriƟng the correct leƩer in the box provided. Table A LeƩer
Table B Meteorological Term
DescripƟon
Isobars
Lines that link places of equal temperature
B
Isohels
Lines that link places of equal levels of rainfall
C
Isohyets
Lines that link places of equal atmospheric pressure
D
Isotherms
E
A
LeƩer
PL
Lines that link places of equal hours of sunshine
(ii)
SA M
986
H
1041
Study the weather chart above and indicate whether the following statements are true or false by Ɵcking () the correct box. (a)
There is a warm front inuencing the west coast of Ireland. True
(b)
False
The Iberian Peninsula is being inuenced by a depression. True
False [8m]
10
10.
StaƟsƟcal Analysis
PL
E
House Prices 2007-2021
Examine the infographic above showing house prices in Ireland, 2007-2021, and answer each of the following quesƟons. In what year did house prices in Ireland peak?
SA M
(i)
(ii)
In what year did house prices fall to their lowest in the period covered by the graph above?
(iii)
How many more transacƟons took place in 2021 than in 2013?
(iv)
Explain briey one factor that might contribute to rising house prices.
[8m]
11
11.
FaulƟng
B
C
A
E
D
(i)
PL
Examine the diagram above and answer each of the following quesƟons. IdenƟfy each of the landforms A and B. A
SA M
B (ii)
True or false, the landform labelled A forms part of a normal fault?
(iii)
What term is used to describe the slope at C that has resulted from the downward movement of land?
(iv)
Which rock type, igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic, is present at D in the diagram above?
[8m]
12
Fishing in Ireland
E
12.
PL
Examine the informa�on above and answer each of the following ques�ons.
Calculate the difference between the number of people employed in sheries and in processing.
(ii)
Briey explain the term aquaculture.
SA M
(i)
(iii)
The graphic shows the number of people employed directly and indirectly in the Irish seafood sector. Briey explain the difference between direct and indirect employment.
(iv)
Briey explain one challenge faced by the Irish shing sector.
[8m]
13
E
PART TWO – STRUCTURED and ESSAY QUESTIONS – 320 MARKS
PL
Candidates must aƩempt FOUR quesƟons. This must include one quesƟon from three of the secƟons below:
SecƟon 1 PaƩerns and Processes in the Physical Environment (QuesƟons 1-3) SecƟon 2 Regional Geography (QuesƟons 4-6)
SA M
SecƟon 3 ElecƟves (QuesƟons 7-12)
SecƟon 4 OpƟons (QuesƟons 13-24)
The fourth quesƟon can be from ANY secƟon.
THESE QUESTIONS ARE TO BE ANSWERED IN THE ANSWER BOOK.
14
SECTION 1 PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT QuesƟons 1 to 3 All quesƟons carry 80 marks
QuesƟon 1 1A. Ordnance Survey Map Examine the 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map and legend accompanying this paper. Draw a sketch map of the area shown to half scale.
1B.
A county boundary The built-up area of Athy An area of coniferous plantaƟon north of northing 98 Mark with the leƩer X one conuence on the River Barrow.
Surface Processes
[20m]
SA M
Answer (i) or (ii).
PL
• • • •
E
On it, correctly show and label each of the following:
(i)
Examine the role of the process of deposiƟon on the formaƟon of one uvial landform, or one coastal landform, or one glacial landform that you have studied. Or
(ii)
Describe and explain the factors governing the operaƟon of one mass movement process that you have studied. [30m]
1C.
Seismic AcƟvity
Examine how a study of the plate tectonics model helps us to understand the global distribuƟon of earthquakes.
15
[30m]
QuesƟon 2 2A. Karst Landscapes
C
A B
E
E
F
D
(i) (ii) (iii)
Name each of the landforms A, B, C, D, and E. What is the term given to the verƟcal lines found in sedimentary rock, shown at F? Explain briey the form of weathering most associated with the formaƟon of such landforms. Many of the landforms above formed as a result of ‘groundwater’. Briey explain this term. [20m]
SA M
(iv)
PL
Examine the diagrams above that show both surface and sub-surface landforms in a karst region and answer each of the following quesƟons.
2B.
The Rock Cycle
Explain the formaƟon of two igneous rocks, with reference to examples that you have studied.
[30m]
2C. Plate Tectonics
Describe and explain construcƟve/divergent plate boundaries.
16
[30m]
QuesƟon 3 3A. The Structure of the Earth
A
D
PL
E
B
C
E
SA M
Examine the diagram above and answer each of the following quesƟons. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3B.
Name each of the layers of the earth labelled A to E. Name the two main minerals found in the earth’s core. What term is used to describe the boundary between the earth’s crust and the earth’s mantle? Explain briey what is meant by endogenic forces. [20m]
River RejuvenaƟon
Examine how a river in its lower course can be rejuvenated, with reference to landforms that develop when this occurs. [30m]
3C.
Human InteracƟon with the Rock Cycle Human acƟvity impacts on the rock cycle in a number of ways. Describe and explain how this interacƟon takes place, with reference to one of the following: • • • •
The producƟon of geothermal energy Mining The extracƟon of building materials Oil/gas exploitaƟon. 17
[30m]
SECTION 2 REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY QuesƟons 4 to 6 All quesƟons carry 80 marks. QuesƟon 4 4A. Map Skills Draw an outline map of a European region (not in Ireland) that you have studied. On it, show and name each of the following:
4B.
TerƟary Economic AcƟvity
E
The outline of a named feature of relief (upland or lowland) in the region. Two named urban centres in the region. The course of a named river in the region.
PL
• • •
[20m]
SA M
Examine two factors that have inuenced the development of tourism in an Irish region that you have studied. [30m]
4C.
Urban Development
Discuss the factors that have inuenced the growth and development of one urban area in a European region (not in Ireland) that you have studied. [30m]
18
QuesƟon 5
PL
E
5A. Transport in Ireland
Examine the informaƟon above and answer each of the following quesƟons. What percentage of the populaƟon aged 18 and over travelled less than 2km on a daily basis in 2019? What was the dominant mode of transport in Ireland in 2019? What is meant by the term commuter? Explain briey one factor that may account for the lower percentage of drivers in Dublin compared to the rest of the country. The infographic states that only 2% of the populaƟon own an electric vehicle. Explain briey one reason why this gure is so low and suggest one method that could be used by the Government to increase it. [20m]
SA M
(i)
(ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
5B.
Primary Economic AcƟvity
Examine two physical factors that have inuenced the development of one primary economic acƟvity in a ConƟnental/Sub-ConƟnental region (not in Europe) that you have studied. [30m] 5C.
Secondary Economic AcƟvity Examine two factors that have inuenced the development of secondary economic acƟvity in a European region (not in Ireland) that you have studied. [30m] 19
QuesƟon 6
PL
E
6A. Agriculture in Ireland
Examine the informaƟon above and answer each of the following quesƟons. Calculate the value of beef and livestock exports in 2015. What percentage of Ireland’s food and drink exports does meat and livestock represent? By what value have exports of food and drink increased since 2009? Do livestock exports represent part of Ireland’s pastoral or arable sector of farming? Explain briey two physical factors that might account for Ireland’s high level of beef producƟon. Explain briey one factor that might have negaƟvely impacted Ireland’s meat and livestock exports since 2015. [20m]
SA M
(i) (ii)
(iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
6B.
The Concept of a Region
Examine how socio-economic factors can be used to dene regions, with reference to examples that you have studied.
6C.
[30m]
PopulaƟon Dynamics Account for the distribuƟon of populaƟon throughout a ConƟnental/Sub-ConƟnental region (not in Europe) that you have studied. [30m]
20
E
PL
SECTION 3
ELECTIVES
Questions 7 to 12
SA M
PaƩerns and Processes in Economic AcƟviƟes (QuesƟons 7, 8 and 9) PaƩerns and Processes in the Human Environment (QuesƟons 10, 11 and 12) All quesƟons carry 80 marks.
21
PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES QuesƟons 7 to 9
QuesƟon 7 7A. Aerial Photograph Draw a sketch map of the aerial photograph accompanying this paper, half the length and half the breadth. On it, correctly show and label each of the following:
7B.
E
The intersecƟon of two roads A bridge A tourist aƩracƟon A greeneld site suitable for development.
PL
• • • •
The Policies of the European Union
Examine how the policies of the European Union have impacted the Irish economy.
Economic Development
SA M
7C.
[20m]
[30m]
With reference to a developed economy that you have studied, examine the impact of two of the following factors on the development of nancial services or footloose industries or mass tourism: • Physical factors • Human factors • PoliƟcal factors.
22
[30m]
QuesƟon 8 8A.
Measuring Development
PL
E
Human Development Index (HDI), 2019
SA M
Legend: > 0.950 0.930 0.910 0.900 <0.99
Examine the map above showing the Human Development Index (HDI) for selected regions in Ireland, 2019, and answer each of the following ques�ons. (i) (ii)
(iii) (iv) (v)
8B.
Which region, the midwest or the southwest, had the higher HDI in 2019? Calculate the difference between the HDI in the western region and the south-eastern region. Name two indicators used to calculate a region/country’s HDI. Explain briey one reason why the northwest region has a lower HDI in comparison to the Dublin region. Explain briey one advantage of using HDI as an indicator of economic development. [20m]
Colonialism Examine the impact of colonialism on a developing economy that you have studied.
8C.
[30m]
Sustainable Energy
Examine the economic and environmental impacts that moving towards more sustainable sources of energy would have for Ireland. [30m] 23
QuesƟon 9 9A. European InaƟon Average Annual European Ina�on Rates, 2012 and 2022 Country Germany Ireland Italy
2012 2.1% 4.7% 2.6%
2022 7.6% 8.2% 3.3%
Examine the data above showing the average annual percentage ina�on rates for a number of European countries in 2012 and 2022.
9B.
E
Using graph paper, draw a suitable graph to illustrate this data. Explain briey one effect of a high ina�on rate.
Economic AcƟvity
[20m]
PL
(i) (ii)
Examine the 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map and aerial photograph accompanying this paper.
SA M
Discuss three reasons why the Athy area is a suitable loca�on for the development of tourism. Use evidence from both the aerial photograph and the Ordnance Survey map to support your answer. [30m]
9C.
MulƟnaƟonal Companies
Examine the impact of both of the following on the opera�on of one mul�na�onal company that you have studied: • Corporate strategies inuencing the opening and closure of branch plants • The product life cycle.
24
[30m]
PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT QuesƟons 10 to 12
QuesƟon 10 10A. Aerial Photograph Draw a sketch map of the aerial photograph accompanying this paper, half the length and half the breadth.
An example of a Norman se�lement A recrea�onal land use A riverside apartment complex An off-street car park
10B. Urban Planning Strategies
[20m]
PL
• • • •
E
On it, correctly show and label each of the following:
SA M
Examine the effec�veness of urban planning strategies, with reference to example(s) that you have studied. [30m] 10C. PopulaƟon Dynamics
Examine how changing fer�lity and mortality rates impact on popula�on structure, with reference to examples(s) that you have studied. [30m]
25
QuesƟon 11 11A. PopulaƟon Growth POPULATION OF THE EARTH Number of people living worldwide since 1700 in billions
2048: 9 bln 2024: 8 bln 2012: 7 bln
1999: 6 bln
1987: 5 bln 1960: 3 bln
1974: 4 bln
1804: 1 bln 1927: 2 bln 1700
1800
1900
2000
For further informa�on please visit: www.knowlegde.allianz.com
E
Source: United Na�ons World Popula�on Prospects, Deutsche S��ung Weltbevökerung
(i) (ii) (iii)
What is the projected popula�on of the Earth in 2048? Calculate the difference between the Earth’s popula�on in 1974 and 2012. Explain briey two factors that might account for the rapid increase in the Earth’s popula�on since 1960. Rapid popula�on growth can o�en lead to overpopula�on. Explain briey what is meant by the term overpopulaƟon. Other than popula�on growth, briey explain one cause of overpopula�on.
SA M
(iv)
PL
Examine the graph above showing the popula�on of the Earth, 1700 – 2048 (projected) and answer each of the following ques�ons.
(v)
[20m]
11B. Rural SeƩlement PaƩerns
With reference to the 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map accompanying this paper, describe and explain three different rural se�lement pa�erns evident on the map. [30m]
11C. MigraƟon Describe and explain changing pa�erns of migra�on in Ireland since 1950.
26
[30m]
QuesƟon 12 12A. Life Expectancy Life Expectancy for Selected NaƟons, 2020 Life Expectancy (Years)
Japan
85
Costa Rica
80
Niger
65
Ireland
85
Somalia
55
Jordan
75
E
NaƟon
(i) (ii)
PL
Examine the data above showing life expectancy for selected naƟons.
Using graph paper, draw a suitable graph to illustrate this data. Explain briey why country of birth is the principal factor in determining life expectancy.
SA M
12B. Land Use
Examine how land-use zones change as urban centres grow, with reference to example(s) that you have studied.
[20m]
[30m]
12C. Future Urbanism
Discuss two issues facing ciƟes of the future in the developed world.
27
[30m]
E PL SECTION 4 OPTIONS
SA M
Questions 13 to 24
All quesƟons carry 80 marks.
Note: It is beƩer to discuss three or four aspects of the theme in some detail, rather than to give a supercial treatment of a large number of points.
28
Global Interdependence Note: It is beƩer to discuss three or four aspects of the theme in some detail, rather than to give a supercial treatment of a large number of points. Discuss how aid programmes can help and hinder development.
14.
Discuss the causes and impacts of one global environmental issue that you have studied [80m]
15.
Examine the contribuƟon that fair trade can make to sustainable development.
E
13.
[80m]
[80m]
PL
Geoecology
Note: It is beƩer to discuss three or four aspects of the theme in some detail, rather than to give a supercial treatment of a large number of points. Discuss how weathering, leaching and podzolisaƟon can inuence soil development.
SA M
16.
17.
Examine how biomes have been altered by human acƟvity with reference to each of the following: • • •
18.
[80m]
Industrial development Early seƩlement and the clearing of forests Intensive agricultural pracƟces
[80m]
Describe the specic climaƟc and soil characterisƟcs in one biome that you have studied and examine the impact of these specic climaƟc and soil characterisƟcs on vegetaƟon in this biome. [80m]
29
Culture and Identity Note: It is beƩer to discuss three or four aspects of the theme in some detail, rather than to give a supercial treatment of a large number of points. Examine how people express their culture and idenƟty in everyday life.
20.
Examine the impact of colonialism and migraƟon on ethnic/racial paƩerns.
21.
Examine the importance of language as a cultural indicator.
[80m]
[80m]
[80m]
E
19.
PL
The Atmosphere – Ocean Environment
Note: It is beƩer to discuss three or four aspects of the theme in some detail, rather than to give a supercial treatment of a large number of points. Examine how solar energy is distributed through circulaƟon paƩerns in the atmosphere and oceans. [80m]
SA M
22.
23.
Describe and account for the specic characterisƟcs of one global climate type that you have studied. [80m]
24.
Examine how exchanges of water between oceans and atmosphere give rise to disƟncƟve weather and climate regimes. [80m]
30
31
PL
SA M E
SA M
PL
E
*map1*
32
*PHOTO1*
33
PL
SA M
E
PL
E
*P9fc*
SA M
Blank Page
34
Make exam prep easy!
UNLOCKING maths
Interactive HL past papers and solutions Gain confidence by practising problems using this environmentally friendly study hack.
SA M
Contains all past papers and solutions for the last 10 years, all in one easyto-navigate e-Book
PL
E
to order
Option to learn through video with Unlocking Maths + by watching stepby-step solutions
FEATURES
Move from question to answer in seconds
Practise questions using the interactive screen
Add notes or comments to your exam paper
Save for future study or share with your teacher
E PL SA M 89F Lagan Road, Dublin Industrial Estate, Glasnevin, Dublin 11, D11 F98N
01 808 1494
info@examcraft.ie
www.examcraft.ie
*PMELCgeoh*