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Send completed crossword to: The Cannon Bar, Cannon Lane, Gibraltar. One entry per person.

first

Last month's answers: Across:5. Understated,7,ObiH>, H. Machismo, 9. Snooker, II. Opine, 13. Spain, 14. Colditz, 16. Falsetto, 17. moan, 18. Loose change. Down; I. Edge,2. Crumpet,3.Stock,4. Stripped, 5. Urban sprawl, 6. Demonstrate, 10. Omission, 12. Dorothy, 15. Steed, 17. Mane.

Crossword Winner Howard Rulter, 310 Watcrgardens

Across

1) Where Tim's fans gather at Wimbledon (6,4)

7) From the USA(7)

8) His statue stands in Piccadilly Circus(4)

9) True; material (4)

10) Cheats - sheepskins(7)

12) Site in Somerset of annual music festival (11)

14) From Rome,for example(7)

16) Itemise; lean (4)

19) Footballer - who may well have been this! (4)

20) Abscesses in the mouth (8)

21) H G Wells story says that in the kingdom of the blind this person is king (3-4, 3)

Down

1) Greek poet(5)

2) Hindu paradise(7)

3) Curved feature (4)

4) Offence of receiving stolen goods(8)

5) Belgian town (5)

6) Feeling sad about lack of companions(6)

11) Choke(8)

12) Drainage channel by side of road (6)

13) Regular - like a soldier's habit(7)

15) Language of an early 14).(5)

17) Claw (5)

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Cool Drinks Hot & Cold Food Menu always changing Children always welcome away from the traffic in the safe, enclosed square Open Monday - Friday 9.30am - midnight (lam on Fridays Teh 76488 GIBRALTAR MAGAZINE • AUGUST 2005 species of wild orchids have been found growing in Gibraltar. All are very rare and difficult to find. Orchids are protected by law throughout Eu rope, and in Gibraltar they are cov ered by the Nature Protection Ordi nance of 1991. The European wild orchids are not as large and showy as the tropical ones, but they are nonetheless beautiful and interest ing plants.

The limestone base of the Rock is very suitable for the growth of or chids, but orchids do not grow well in dense vegetation or very exposed situations. This then poses problems for their growth in Gibraltar. Here they can be found growing in the few clearings and rocky outcrops scattered about the Upper Rock,but more so on cleared firebreaks, and along footpaths and roadsides.

Unfortunately orchids are having a tough time: their numbers have been on a sharp decline over the past fifteen years or so as a result of loss of habitat. Firstly, clearings are un der continuous threat of becoming overgrown,and overrun by invasive species such as Bermuda buttercup (O.vfl/isf'i'.s-crtprac) and bear's breech

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{Acanthus mollis). Secondly fire breaks are not being cleared and al lowed to become overgrown.

Thirdly,roadsides are continuously, and quite unnecessarilv, being scraped clean of vegetation. As a consequence of this latter practice, not a single orchid has been seen growing along the roadsides of the Upper Rock in recent years, whereas in the past quite a number of them would have been seen.

The majority of orchids found in Gibraltar are the so-called "insect or chids". The flowers of these plants mimic by their scent,form and tex ture, the female of a particular spe cies of insect. A male insect will be so convinced that it is a female, that it will land on the flower and at tempt to mate with it, and as a con sequence will pollinate the flower. The insect orchids found in Gib' iltar are the bumble-bee orchid {Ophrys hombyliflora), the bee orchid (Opim/s apifera), the yellow bee or chid {Ophrys liitea), the brown bee orchid {Ophrys fusca), the saw-fly orchid {Ophrys tenthredinifera) and the mirror orchid {Ophrysspeculum). All plants are from 10 to 40 cm tall, with individual flowers from 1.5 to 2cm long.

The other species are the autumn ladies'tresses orchid {Spiranthes spiralis), the small-flowered serapias {Serapias pniviflora), the two-leaved Gennaria {Cennaria diphylla), and the pyramidal orchid {Aiiacamptis pyraniidalis). This latter species has only been seen along Mediterranean Steps, but none has been observed flowering over the last few years, and it is feared that it might have become extinct locally.

BMore information on Gi braltar's wildflmvers can be obtainedfrom the book The Flowersof Gibraltar writ ten by Leslie Linares, Arthur Harper and John Cortes. Availablefrom local bookshops.

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