Lighting Journal April 22

Professional best practice from the Institution of Lighting Professionals

April 2022

SUNSET BOULEVARD How lockdown walks inspired the new lighting for Torquay’s Royal Terrace Gardens VIRUS PROTECTION What you need to know about UV lighting, germicidal irradiation and Covid LIGHTING LATER LIVING The challenges of tailoring residential lighting to an older demographic

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Contents

06 VIRUS PROTECTION

The Covid-19 pandemic has put a spotlight like never before on the role of ultra-violet light for germicidal irradiation. With so many claims and counter-claims for what works and what doesn’t, Mike Simpson explains what you need to know

12 LIGHT FINGERED

The links between crime and night-time dimming or part-night lighting have long been hotly debated within the industry. Now a study has come to the somewhat surprising conclusion that, at least when it comes to on-street vehicle crime, thieves may actively prefer more brightly lit streets

16‘WEATHER GAUGE

Smart connectivity, in particular the use of networks of low-cost air-quality sensors, can enable local authorities really to drill down into changes in air pollution on roads within their communities, including the impact of traffic flow and even the role of weather, as a trial scheme in Hampshire has shown. Amanda Reece reports.

22‘SUNSET BOULEVARD

A new interactive light scheme, ‘Lightplay’, has turned Royal Terrace Gardens in Torquay from an unfriendly hub for antisocial behaviour into an inviting destination for the whole community. And, as Michael Grubb explains, its inspiration lay in long, sunset-drenched walks with the family during the first Covid lockdown

30‘SUSTAINABLE GOALS

After being postponed last year because of the pandemic, the ILPsupported Light School at the Surface Design Show finally returned as a face-toface event in February. We look at what happened over its two and a half days

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38 LIGHTING LATER LIVING

Illuminating the high-end later-living development of Auriens Chelsea in London meant developing a scheme that was luxurious, detailed and layered but which, Nulty’s Ellie Coombs explains, also needed to deliver appropriate lighting levels for ageing eyes

NEED A SHIFT 44‘WE IN THE STANDARDS’

Current standards for LED lighting still don’t go far enough in terms of tackling, and resolving, ongoing concerns around glare, argues Leonardo Bartoletti. He makes the case that a new approach is needed for measuring LED intensity, spectrum, photometry and spacing

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CHARGE 46 THE STREETS

On-street, lighting column-based EV charging has the potential to transform and accelerate the UK’s transition to electric. Yet many local authorities still seem to be filing it under ‘too difficult’. This has to change, argues James Everly

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SOCIALLY SMART

‘LUCI’, the Lighting Urban Community International Association, has published a new ‘white paper’ on smart cities. We check it out

ME, QUALITY 54‘‘FOR OF LIGHT MEANS QUALITY OF LIFE’

Lighting designer and YLP architectural representative Sunny Sribanditmongkol tells us about her route into lighting and the opportunities she has been given

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‘ LETTER

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Lighting designer Allan Tulla on neurodiversity within lighting, skills gaps and the value of ‘falling into’ lighting

COVER PICTURE

The new sunset-inspired ‘Lightplay’ lighting scheme for Royal Terrace Gardens in Torquay by Michael Grubb Studio. Turn to page 22 for the full story behind the project. Photograph by Mike Massaro

CLEANING UP OUR ACT

Within all the talk about circular economy models and net zero, the reality is the lighting industry still has a long way to go to achieve ‘deep green’ sustainability. Genuine, transformational change is going to mean embracing six key changes, argues Brad Koerner

52 ARCSOURCE™

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Editor’s letter

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Volume 87 No 4 April 2022 President Fiona Horgan Chief Executive Justin Blades Editor Nic Paton BA (Hons) MA Email: nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk

Lighting Journal’s content is chosen and evaluated by volunteers on our reader panel, peer review group and a small representative group which holds focus meetings responsible for the strategic direction of the publication.

If you would like to volunteer to be involved, please contact the editor. We also welcome reader letters to the editor.

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he links between public realm lighting, crime and safety at night, we all know, are more complex than is sometimes assumed. It is not as simple as ‘dark bad, bright good’, as Dr Jemima Unwin and Professor Peter Raynham highlighted back in the autumn in the wake of the murders of Sarah Everard, Bibaa Henry and Nicole Smallman (‘Safe as streets?’, September 2021, vol 86, no 8).

So I was fascinated to read the latest research from the ‘LANTERNS’ project, led by Dr Phil Edwards of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, as we report from page 12. This has suggested that, in some circumstances, better lit streets may be more attractive to criminals than darker ones, particularly car thieves.

It is certainly an interesting argument, and one that has a compelling logic when you think about it. The argument is, essentially, that on better lit streets it is often easier for a thief to spot if there are valuables inside a car worth stealing or it means they can see better to remove, say, hub caps, wheel trims or number plates.

However, as ILP Technical Director Peter Harrison also makes very clear, we shouldn’t as a result rush to extrapolate these findings to breaking point. It is self-evident that, by and large, a well-lit public realm and highway infrastructure does reduce crime.

Peter also makes the important point that lighting, especially well-designed and well-considered lighting, does still have a critical role to play in terms of making public spaces feel more attractive and welcoming (with lack of lighting the opposite), especially for older and/or more vulnerable people in society.

This is something we see at play within Michael Grubb’s new lighting scheme for Royal Terrace Gardens in Torquay, as we report from page 22. Here, a previously poorly lit magnet for antisocial behaviour and drug use has become an inviting community space, largely through the creative use of lighting.

When discussing the project with Michael what also struck me was the role that careful design plays in this dynamic. The columns aren’t just designed to be decorative and visually striking (although they are that); they’re also deliberately designed to deter antisocial behaviour by being seriously robust. They cleverly use design, too, to minimise the impact of other antisocial traits, for example designing out the risk of columns ending up stuffed with litter, cigarette butts or crisp packets; or of people being able to stick their hands inside and cause damage.

Finally, I’ve spent the past two years taking a, shall we say, robustly sceptical approach to press releases landing in my inbox claiming that specific UV lighting products can do this, that or the other to mitigate the transmission of Covid-19 (and there have been very, very many).

So, if you have the time, I’d recommend you check out Mike Simpson’s article, from page six, where he navigates the role of ultra-violet light for germicidal irradiation (UVGI) in the current climate.

As Mike explains, it is unsurprising that the use of UVGI has become something of a talking point through the pandemic. For lighting professionals, however, the key is to recognise that UVGI is not just a solution for now, for managing Covid-19.

Used appropriately, Mike argues, it can work to mitigate a wide range of pathogens, including seasonally recurring flu, and so is a technology that can create healthier places and spaces much more widely. Covid or not, that’s always going to be a good thing.

Nic Paton Editor

© ILP 2022

The views or statements expressed in these pages do not necessarily accord with those of The Institution of Lighting Professionals or the Lighting Journal’s editor. Photocopying of Lighting Journal items for private use is permitted, but not for commercial purposes or economic gain. Reprints of material published in these pages is available for a fee, on application to the editor.

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APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

The Covid-19 pandemic has put a spotlight like never before on the role of ultra-violet light for germicidal irradiation. With so many claims and counter-claims for what works and what doesn’t, Mike Simpson explains what you need to know

By Mike Simpson

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Ultra-violet light

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hen discussing ultra-violet light for germicidal irradiation, especially after the two years of pandemic we’ve just been through, let’s start with a few facts you might not like to learn about: • • •

Some cold and flu viruses can survive on surfaces for up to 72 hours Supermarket fridge doors have 1,235 times more bacteria than the surface of your mobile phone Supermarket trolley handles can have 361 times more bacteria than a bathroom doorknob

We have lived with viruses and bacteria for many years, but the current pandemic has of course thrown this into a new light.

In the early stages of the pandemic, there was a lot of focus on cleaning surfaces and washing hands. However, by the middle of 2021 it was realised that the predominant method of transmission was through the air.

As the World Health Organization put it: ‘The virus can also spread in poorly ventilated rooms and/or crowded settings where people tend to spend longer periods of time. This is because aerosols remain in the air or travel further than 1m.’ [1] Or equally, take these comments from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US last year: ‘Breathing in air when close to an infected person who is exhaling small droplets and particles that contain the virus is a key way the virus is transmitted.’ [2] Similarly, the use of ultra-violet radiation for disinfection is not new. The germicidal effects of short wave ultra-violet (UVC) light were first discovered in 1877 and the 1903 Nobel Prize for Medicine was

awarded to Niels Finsen for his use of UV-C against tuberculosis of the skin.

Using UV-C for disinfection of drinking water dates from 1910 in Marseille and between 1937 and 1941 upper-room UV-C was used in suburban Philadelphia schools to prevent the spread of measles.

UV-C has of course gained new attention during the pandemic as a way of reducing the effects of the Sars-CoV-2 virus. Ultra-violet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) can disable the structural bonds in the DNA of the virus preventing it from reproducing, as shown in figure 1 below.

UNDERSTANDING UV-C

Ultra-violet C (UV-C) is ultra-violet radiation with wavelengths between 200nm and 290nm. The most common sources of UV-C are gas discharge lamps in various formats. The most used look like traditional fluorescent lamps without the phosphor coating, which produce radiation at a wavelength of 254nm. Other types (such as KrCl) produce radiation at 222nm and there are developments in LED technology that will also produce UV-C. The amount of UV-C required to disable the virus is called ‘the Dose’, measured in Joules/m2. This is the product of the irradiation and the time. The susceptibility of the virus to the UV-C also has to be taken into account by what is known as its k(λ) factor, which varies from virus to virus, and whether it is on a dry surface of in suspension in droplets (ISO15714) [3]. It is also affected by the wavelength of UV-C used. For lighting people, think of the irradiation as lux but without the eye sensitivity component. Then multiply by the time to get the Dose.

For the irradiation of surfaces, it is possible to use standard lighting software but

Figure 1. Action of UV-C on DNA

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APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Ultra-violet light with units re-calibrated into Wm-2 instead of lux. For disinfection in air, it is rather more complex, as we have to think in terms of ‘Spherical Irradiance’, which has the term ‘Fluence Rate’ and the Dose is termed ‘Fluence’.

To calculate the Fluence we need to know how long a virus suspended in a droplet will be in irradiated. This means we have to predict the air movement within a space. Whilst this can be done by computational fluid dynamics, the technique involves complex modelling.

So, when designing air disinfection systems, we usually just calculate the Fluence Rate together with an understanding that there is air movement and mixing in the room.

Another term used is the ‘log’ reduction.

This is simply the % reduction in the virus over a given time. A log1 reduction is 90%, log2 is 99%, log3 is 99.9% and so on. With a grasp of Irradiance, Fluence, Fluence Rate and Log reduction the lighting designer can transition into a UV-C designer.

For the lighting designer, the shift to calculating with UV-C will see them using similar techniques as they do for light with a few differences. When calculating the surface irradiance, we are looking for the minimum not the average as we want to ensure we can eliminate viruses in all locations.

Also, the reflection properties of surfaces to UV-C are quite different to light and depend on the material. A dark surface, for example, might have a higher UV-C reflection compared to a light one.

The table below (figure 2) shows typical values for different surfaces.

tuberculosis. Since the start of the pandemic, new research has been carried out to confirm that the Sars-CoV-2 virus responds to UV-C in the same way as other viruses.

For example, research conducted by The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL) at Boston University demonstrated that a UVC dose of 290 Jm-2 could achieve a log4 reduction of the Sars-CoV-2 virus on surfaces [4].

Other research has also shown a room with an average Fluence Rate of 40 mWm-2 gave a log4 reduction in airborne viruses in ten minutes [5].

APPLYING TECHNOLGY IN PRACTICE

So how is this technology deployed in practice? For surface disinfection we can install UV-C in battens over the area to be disinfected.

However, only the surfaces in direct sight of the UV-C source will be treated, so anywhere where there are shadows will be missed. It is better to use fewer smaller sources that will create fewer shadows than a single larger one.

Once this has been calculated, we can work out the duration of the exposure to give the Dose. Disinfection chambers can be used for small items such as keys and phones.

REFLECTION FACTORS FOR UV-C RADIATION MATERIAL

REFLECTANCE %

Aluminium: untreated surface

40-60

Aluminium: sputtered on glass

75-85

Stainless steel / Tin plate

25-30

Chromium plating

39

Various white oil paints

03-10

Various white-water paints

10-35

Aluminium paint

40-75

Zinc oxide paint

4-5

Glass

2

White plastering

40-60

Painted Wall

5-15

Calcium carbonate

70-80

Figure 2. Some typical reflectance values for a range of different surfaces

There has been much research into the effect of UV-C on viruses such as www.theilp.org.uk

Surface disinfection from UV-C battens in a laboratory

•

installed in the return or supply air ducts of mechanical ventilation systems to disinfect the air.

UVGI air cleaners where UV-C lamps are mounted inside an enclosure, with a fan to draw air through.

One important factor in the design of a UVGI system is safety and we need to consider the effects both on the skin (erythema) and the eye (photokeratitis).

Penetration into the epidermis layer of the skin is wavelength-dependent, so maximum dose differs depending on the source technology. ISO 15858 allows a maximum dose of 60 Jm-2 per day for a wavelength of 254nm [6].

SURFACE VERSUS AIR SOLUTIONS

Bear in mind that most systems for surface disinfection would exceed this limit, so the design should take into account the time required to achieve the correct dose and ensure that no access can be made into the room while the UV-C is turned on.

In practice this solution is most commonly used in specialised areas where the risk of contamination is highest or where surfaces are frequently touched by different people (for example, washrooms).

With the correct Dose it is possible to achieve disinfection in a few minutes so a simple interlock with the door will stop entry.

Upper-air solutions require the system to be operating while the room is occupied to disinfect the air at source. This means that, whilst a high irradiation is required at ceiling height, it must be limited at head height (1.83m). These units typically produce a narrow beam, in the order of a few degrees parallel to the ceiling.

In these situations, the reflection of the UV-C from the ceiling must be considered

A chamber for disinfection of small objects

There are various ways that air can be treated by UV-C: •

•

Upper-room UVGI where a narrow beam of UV-C is projected onto the air above head height to deactivate viral material, relying on air mixing in the space.

In-duct UVGI where UV-C lamps are

Upper-air UVGI, as shown in a recent Signify partnership with building technologies firm Honeywell (and see panel at the end for more on this). The small amount of visible blue light in the beam shows where the UV-C is

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Ultra-violet light as it can make significant contribution to the UV-C at head height. A calcium whitener in a ceiling tile, for example, will cause it to be highly reflective to UV-C, whereas a white acrylic paint will hardly reflect any.

With upper-air solutions, you should also consider how the room is being used.

For example, in a typical office it is unlikely that anyone will be standing in the exact spot where the maximum irradiance occurs for eight hours. So, a calculation is also made for the time spent sitting and the total daily dose calculated. For upper air systems we have to calculate both the Fluence Rate, which gives us the effectiveness of disinfection, and check the safe Dose for exposure.

It is recognised that air movement in a room will help disperse airborne viruses and often this is related to the air changes per hour (ACH).

The basic ventilation rate required for fresh air, low CO2 and odor levels is mostly accomplished with 1-6 ACH, sometimes up to 8 ACH. Opening windows gives 1-2 ACH, maybe higher, but with discomfort. Increasing the basic ventilation rate significantly, for example to ACH 15-20, is a well-known method to reduce pathogen levels for disinfection, especially in healthcare applications.

Experiments with upper-air UVGI solutions have shown that the disinfection achieved can be equivalent to up to 50 ACH (eqACH), providing there is basic air movement in the room to start with.

Equivalent ACH is related to average Fluence Rate by the following formula:

ACH = Eem x 3600 x k(λ) /1000

eq

where k(λ) is the spectral susceptibility factor of airborne pathogens (m2 J-1) Eem is the average Fluence Rate (mW m-2) In his paper Nardell proposes that the economic efficiency of UVGI is 9.41x that of HVAC for the same level of disinfection [7].

Calculating for surface disinfection can be done with any standard lighting software. You just need to use units of mW instead of lumens and you will get an irradiance in mWm-2. Then multiply by time to get the dose. Opposite (right) are two images for a washroom application.

The grey scale shows the visualization of the space, the colours represent the irradiance values going from yellow (highest) to black (lowest). From this it is easy to see what areas are receiving sufficient irradia-

Above: 3D model created in design software Right: 3D pseudo colour representation of irradiance

Above: 3D grid of calculation points in a room Right: 2D grids at heights of 1.83m and 1.3m to check safe exposure

tion and what are in shadow.

Calculating for air disinfection requires a 3D grid of points in the volume of the room with spherical irradiance calculated at each. These are then averaged to give the Fluence Rate.

A separate calculation is made on a horizontal plane(s) at a height of 1.83m* and 1.3m to check maximum the exposure is not exceeded [8].

GERMAN SUPERMARKET EXPERIMENT

We have looked at the theory of how UV-C works and how you design an installation.

But does it work in practice, can you measure the effect?

It’s obviously impossible to pump the Sars-CoV-2 virus into an occupied room, but you can measure the effect on naturally occurring fungi and bacteria and predict the effect for Sars-CoV-2.

The German food chain Edeka installed upper-air UVGI followed by independent in store tests by the Fraunhofer Institute [9]. Air measuring devices were located around the store and the UVGI switched on and off on alternate days over a ten-day period.

During the time with highest customer use, a fungal reduction of 50% was observed. Given that the susceptibility of Sars-CoV-2 is 20 times lower, Fraunhofer estimated that 99.99% of the virus would be inactivated. The images opposite help to illustrate this.

An Edeka store, with UVGI mounted on columns

Edeka air sampling in situ

Samples showing with (left) and without (right) UV-C

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APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Ultra-violet light We have also seen the rise in popularity of free-standing UVGI cleaners which are portable and can be easily moved into rooms. These have internal fans to move the air past UC-V lamps inside. The level of disinfection will depend on the dose, which in turn depends on the air speed, irradiance and length of the unit.

This is usually quantified by the ‘Clean

UV-C PARTNERSHIP

A free-standing UVGI disinfection unit

Air Delivery Rate’, defined for HVAC systems by EN1822-1 [10]. The effectiveness of such units can also be equated to an ‘eqACH’, which determines the number of units needed for a specific room size. A target of six eqACH is minimum for the mitigation of risk. Another approach, using EN16798-2, is to ensure a clean air delivery of 25 m 3 h -1 per person [11].

CONCLUSIONS

UVGI is not a new technology but is being rediscovered in the current pandemic as an effective solution, alongside other measures, to reduce the risk of infection.

It is now being deployed in a wide range of applications, including schools, offices, gyms, hospitality and so on. So, what about the future?

The current pandemic has highlighted the fact that clean air and good circulation will contribute to a reduction in the transmission of airborne diseases.

UVGI is another tool an important weapon in our armoury in the fight against the spread of viruses. Although today the focus has been on Sars-CoV-2, UVGI works on a wide range of pathogens including seasonally recurring flu.

UVGI should therefore not be thought of as just a solution for now but as a permanent solution to help create healthy places where we can all work, rest and play.

Mike Simpson FREng CEng FCIBSE FSLL FILP FIET is global application lead at Signify

As Mike Simpson has shown in this article, the appetite for UVGI, though not a new technology, is being rediscovered in the pandemic because it can be an effective solution to reduce the risk of infection, writes Nic Paton.

This commitment to UV-C disinfection lighting has been illustrated in a recent partnership between Signify and building technologies firm Honeywell.

The collaboration integrated Signify’s Interact connected lighting system and software, plus its UV-C disinfection lighting, with Honeywell’s building management systems and its Honeywell Forge enterprise performance management platform (as shown in the image opposite and on page eight).

The intention is that the combined offerings will enable the management of energy consumption while factoring in occupancy along with air quality indicators, such as temperature and humidity. Signify’s lighting will also complement Honeywell’s ‘Healthy Buildings’ air quality solutions.

‘Increasingly we see lighting systems playing a critical role in buildings to improve occupant comfort, wellbeing and productivity as well as to help meet energy savings goals. We anticipate this trend will continue to grow,’ said Vimal Kapur, president and CEO of Honeywell Building Technologies.

‘There are known benefits of how lighting can improve occupant experience and wellbeing,’ agreed Harsh Chitale, leader of Signify’s Digital Solutions Division. ‘Many of our customers expect our solutions to deliver value beyond the scope of lighting.’

The two companies have recently installed the combined offering at a series of eye clinics in Malaysia run by ophthalmology firm Optimax, with a priority to help the organisation improve its air quality and surface disinfection.

Honeywell and Signify are also deploying Signify’s Philips UV-C disinfection upper-air luminaires in several Honeywell global offices.

[1] ‘Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted?’, World Health Organization, December 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted [2] ‘How Covid-19 spreads’, CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/ socialmedia/syndication/405380/403327.html [3] BS ISO 15714:2019: Method of evaluating the UV dose to airborne microorganisms transiting in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation devices, ISO 2019, https://www.iso.org/standard/67814.html [4] Storm, N, McKay, L G A., Downs, S N et al (2020). ‘Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation’. Scientific Reports 10, 22421 (2020). Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79600-8 [5] ‘Efficacy of a wall-mounted UV device against aerosolized SARS-CoV-2’, Innovative Bioanalysis, March 2021. Available online at: https://www.assets.signify.com/is/content/Signify/Assets/philips-lighting/global/20210301-innovative-bioanalysis-report-sars-cov-2.pdf [6] ISO 15858:2016 – UV-C Devices – safety information, https://www.iso.org/standard/55553.html [7] Nardell E A (2021). ‘Air Disinfection for Airborne Infection Control with a Focus on COVID-19: Why Germicidal UV is Essential’, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2021 May;97(3):493-497. Available online at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33759191/ [8] Bear in mind, the standard here was originally written in imperial units where 1.83m = 8’ [9] ‘Study on the evaluation of the efficiency of UV-C radiation as an air disinfectant during operating hours in a supermarket’, Signify, May 2021, https://www.signify.com/global/our-company/blog/innovation/versatility-ofUVC-air-disinfection?linkId=132626199 [10] BS EN 1822-1:2019. ‘High efficiency air filters (EPA, HEPA and ULPA) Classification, performance testing, marking’, https://www.en-standard.eu/bs-en-1822-1-2019-high-efficiency-air-filters-epa-hepa-and-ulpa-classification-performance-testingmarking/ [11] BS EN 16798-5-2:2017. ‘Energy performance of buildings. Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for energy requirements of ventilation systems’, https://www.en-standard.eu/bs-en-16798-5-2-2017-energy-performance-of-buildings-ventilation-for-buildings-calculationmethods-for-energy-requirements-of-ventilation-systems-modules-m5-6-m5-8-m6-5-m6-8-m7-5-m7-8-method-2-distribution-and-generation/

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APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

The links between crime and nighttime dimming or part-night lighting have long been hotly debated within the industry. Now a study has come to the somewhat surprising conclusion that, at least when it comes to on-street vehicle crime, thieves may actually prefer more brightly lit streets

By Nic Paton

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Lighting, safety and crime

T

here is a logical, and longstanding, assumption that criminals prefer to operate in the dark. It’s why, after all, many of us have security lights on our houses and set timing systems for our lights to come on when we go out.

It is a similar assumption when it comes to street lighting. Darkness, whether by that we mean dark patches, shadow or fullblown darkness, is often perceived to be inherently less safe than more illuminated public realm areas.

As Lighting Journal showed last summer, unpicking perceived versus actual safety in the public realm, let alone the role artificial lighting plays within this, is not straightforward (‘Safe as streets?’, September 2021, vol 86, no 8).

Equally, as a police-led ‘safer streets’ toolkit highlighted last year, by and large crime does decrease – by about a fifth – in areas with improved street lighting, with four out of five studies showing ‘statistically significant’ decreases [1]. A webinar for LDC Ireland, ‘Dark skies or safer streets’ also delved into this contentious issue in February – and we will be bringing you more on that within Lighting Journal in the coming months.

However, a study in the academic Journal of Quantitative Criminology has thrown the proverbial cat among the pigeons by arguing that, at least when it comes to on-street vehicle crime, the picture may be considerably more complex than we might assume [2].

The study, led by academics at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and University College London (UCL), has concluded that fewer cars are broken into at night on roads with part-night lighting (PNL), or where streetlights are switched off between midnight and 5am.

Moreover, it found no evidence that lighting changes can be associated with changes to the levels of violence, robbery or residential burglary in an area.

The research team examined detailed police-recorded crime data from Thames Valley Police as well as data on changes to street lighting in local authorities in Oxfordshire, Reading and West Berkshire from April 2004 to September 2013. Their analysis concluded that the rate of thefts from cars at night was halved in streets with PNL compared to the same streets before PNL. Intriguingly, this coincided with a similarly significant 1.5 times’ increase in vehicle crime on nearby streets where the lighting remained on all night, suggesting some criminals were deliberately deciding to move to better-lit streets nearby, the research team argued.

Over the ten-year study period there were 283,275 crimes, of which 79,000 (28%) were vehicle crimes. After controlling for underlying long-term and seasonal trends in crime, the team concluded that thefts from vehicles considerably reduced on street segments where the street lighting was switched off at midnight.

COST-BENEFIT CALCULATION

As the ‘LANTERNS’ project, led by LSHTM’s Dr Phil Edwards, concluded: ‘Theft from vehicle offenses [sic] reduced in streets where street lighting was switched off at midnight but may have been displaced to better-lit adjacent streets.

‘Relative to daytime, night-time theft from vehicle offenses reduced in streets with dimming while theft from vehicles at all times of the day increased, thus suggesting temporal displacement. These findings suggest that the absence of street lighting may prevent theft from vehicles, but there is a danger of offenses being temporally or spatially displaced.’

This latest study builds on previous research in this area by Dr Edwards. Back in 2015, for example, a research project he led concluded that reduced street lighting in England and Wales was not associated with increased road-traffic collisions or crime [3].

Drilling down into the latest study, the researchers argued any preference on behalf of car thieves for better-lit streets probably comes back to a quite complex cost-benefit calculation.

In any car theft or crime, the ‘benefit’ for a thief will either be the transport or resale

of the vehicle itself or any goods that can be stolen from its interior or exterior, or both. Set against this, of course, is the ‘cost’ of being caught or apprehended in the act by the police and/or being seen and reported by a member of the public (with probably the same outcome).

As the study argued: ‘A lack of street lighting alters both sides of this calculus.

In the times when PNL is switched off (after midnight) there is little chance that light from buildings will provide ambient light to the street. If this assumption holds then the streets are likely to be in near darkness, which means that would-be offenders may find it challenging to assess target suitability.

‘Since many contemporary vehicles have built-in stereos and satellite navigation systems, offenders may be looking for other valuable goods that are left unsecured in vehicles, which may prove difficult if lighting levels are low. Thus, the benefits of committing a vehicle crime in darkness are unknown or hard to estimate.

‘Dark conditions may also incur greater costs. A known modus operandi used by opportunistic offenders is to try car doors to see if the owner has forgotten to lock the vehicle. Unlike other modus operandi this can still be employed in darkness. However, the offender still likely requires some form of light to either start the vehicle (to drive it away) or to search the vehicle for contents to steal.

‘Similarly, exterior fittings of vehicles, such as hub caps, wheel trims or number plates all require some light to successfully remove. Artificial light introduced to the crime scene signals unusual activity to

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Lighting, safety and crime potential guardians and invites unwanted attention which the offenders may not feel comfortable risking. The costs of committing vehicle crime on unlit streets are therefore higher than elsewhere,’ the study emphasised.

DIMMING AND VEHICLE THEFT

The study also reached a number of other intriguing conclusions. For example, it found an association between dimming and an increase in theft from vehicles occurring at all times of the day. This, as it pointed out, ‘may suggest that dimming is more likely to temporally displace vehicle crimes to earlier in the day, rather than spatially displace offending to nearby streets.’

There was no evidence that white lighting was significantly associated with changes in any type of night-time crime examined. However, there was some evidence of an association between changes to white light and reductions in burglary at all times of the day, the research team argued.

However, this could, at least in part, be associated with factors beyond the lighting itself, the study cautioned.

‘Consultation with residents in treatment areas revealed that concerns

regarding reducing light were intertwined with perceptions of cost-cutting. So, it is conceivable that improving luminosity, as is the case with white lights, is perceived as signaling [sic] investment into the community. In turn, this can prompt feelings of community pride and cohesion and indirectly feed into enhanced informal social control in such areas,’ it argued.

CONCLUSIONS

In sum, the study has suggested that the mechanism by which street lighting has been proposed to reduce crime – in other words, increased visibility at night – may also have the unforeseen effect of increasing vehicle crime, especially opportunistic on-street vehicle crime.

‘Reduced visibility at night may mean that valuables left inside cars overnight are not seen so easily, thereby reducing the temptation for would-be thieves. On unlit streets, offenders may walk past vehicles for which rewards cannot be seen, into better-lit nearby streets where rewards are more visible,’ the study argued.

‘This study sheds further light (pun intended) on the mechanisms through which street lighting may impact on crime and suggests that reduced street lighting may prevent theft from vehicles, but there

is a danger of offenses [sic] being temporally or spatially displaced,’ it added.

In response to the study conclusions, Professor Shane Johnson, director of the Dawes Centre for Future Crime at UCL and deputy head at the UCL Department for Security and Crime Science, said: ‘Research studies such as this can help us to better understand crime and security issues. The study findings suggest that energy saving street lighting adaptations have not increased crime in the streets studied. This is very encouraging, but it is important to note that it does not mean that this will be the case under all conditions, and so changes to lighting should be managed carefully.’

And Steve Fotios, professor of lighting and visual perception at the University of Sheffield, said: ‘The public provision of artificial light at night should be based on the best available evidence of its effects on public health and safety. The reduction in vehicle crime found by this study is surprising, but further research is needed to evaluate optimal lighting levels for residential streets after sunset.’

THE VIEW FROM THE ILP

The way people use spaces is complex and multifaceted, writes Peter Harrison.

This report in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology looks at part of the picture and its valuable findings are just one piece of a bigger jigsaw.

It is surprising to find some car crime reduced when the lighting was switched off. However, this should not be seen as a ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution.

Crime did migrate to adjacent areas and the roads where part-night lighting was implemented were selected using criteria related to accident and demographic information.

What the report did not mention was the impact lack of lighting has on elderly and more vulnerable people in society, their fear of crime and, often, reluctance to leave their homes at night as a result.

More information can be found on this area in the ILP’s Professional Lighting Guide PLG08: Guidance on the application of adaptive lighting within the public realm.

You can find it on the ILP website by scanning the below QR code:

[1] ‘Safer Streets Fund – crime prevention toolkit’, 2021, College of Policing, Secured by Design, Police Crime Prevention Initiatives, https://assets.college.police.uk/s3fs-public/2022-03/ Safer_Streets_toolkit.pdf [2] Edwards P et al (2022). ‘Absence of street lighting may prevent vehicle crime, but spatial and temporal displacement remains a concern’, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-022-09539-8 [3] ‘Switching off street lights at night does not increase car crashes and crime’, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, July 2015, https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/877898; full study: ‘The effect of reduced street lighting on road casualties and crime in England and Wales: controlled interrupted time series analysis’. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206012, https://jech.bmj.com/content/69/11/1118

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Peter Harrison is the ILP’s Technical Director

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Smart connectivity, in particular the use of networks of low-cost airquality sensors, can enable local authorities really to drill down into changes in air pollution on roads within their communities, including the impact of traffic flow and even the role of weather, as a pilot scheme in Hampshire has shown

By Amanda Reece

M

ore than half (55%) of the global population lives in urban areas today, according to the United Nations [1]. This is expected to increase to around 70% by 2050, which will lead to 2.5 billion more urban residents across the planet. The UN has set out 17 ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) for the future, with the aim of encouraging prosperity whilst also protecting the planet [2].

These acknowledge that ending poverty and increasing economic growth are a partnership when it comes to tackling social issues such as education, health, climate change and environmental protection.

Yet, you do not need to be thinking on a worldwide scale when it comes to

addressing these issues. Within our own cities and towns, we can see how those goals are relevant and we can use our knowledge to make changes to them.

With a growing population, local authorities must prepare for the huge pressure this will put on their infrastructure. At the same time, they must confront associated challenges such as climate change, poor air quality, increasing congestion and housing shortages.

Smart or connected technology exists to help tackle these urban issues and enable cities to become more sustainable, resilient, and safer, as well as improve quality of life for citizens.

In recent years there has been a surge in the availability of technological and engineering-based, internet-based solutions

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Smart lighting

that can monitor anything from your body mass index through to the nearest free parking bays, all delivered straight to your smartphone.

The Internet of things (IoT), a term to describe using apps to plan, predict and manoeuvre your way around your day with convenience, reduces waste in time taken waiting on disruptions to the network of travel.

With an ever-expanding catalogue of apps to cover shopping, lifestyle, exercise and social media, the concept of using ‘smart technology’ to enhance wellbeing and health within the transport network has scope to be addressed. So, how can we use it (and in particular smart street lighting) better to monitor our environment and protect our wellbeing?

HAMPSHIRE PILOT PROJECT

In 2020, I undertook a university research project looking at how the concept of smart city technology to monitor air-quality using the network of centrally managed systems to deliver ‘real time’ data within specific locations. With the help of SSE Mayflower Control Systems to investigate how we might better tackle air quality monitoring, it was decided by using the deployment of a network of low-cost air-quality sensors within the boundary of Hampshire County Council (HCC) we could detect, analyse and produce valuable information for councils and local residents about the area in which they are residing.

This article intends to look at some of the learning points and findings of this

PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) GUIDELINE VALUES FINE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) 10 μg/m3 annual mean 25 μg/m3 24-hour mean

COARSE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) 20 μg/m3 annual mean 50 μg/m3 24-hour mean Figure 1. World Health Organization air quality guidelines for PM10 & PM2.5 [3]

research project. It will examine the information the sensors were recording and how that was interpreted in the form of daily pollutants, monthly recordings, trends and overall levels in line with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. www.theilp.org.uk

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Smart lighting

• • • • •

Ozone Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Particulate matter (as PM10) Fine particulate matter (such as PM2.5)

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Figure 2. Data analysis for December 2020. Note the spikes recorded for the period 25-30 December 2020

Average Readings for Jan 2021 above 40µg/m3 1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 200.00 0.00

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Air quality levels within a particular region can be found on the government website.

There are currently several known sites in Hampshire that exceed government air quality guidelines because of their known congestion issues. The A32/Quay Street Roundabout, Fareham – a very busy and complex set of multiple junctions and dual ‘A’ roads merge – was chosen based on an assessment of various factors.

This included the location of streetlights, rush hour traffic in the morning and evening, and its significant congestion issues. The short averaging times also allowed for a detailed analysis of the impact peak activities on pollutant concentrations.

The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs’ (Defra) Daily Air Quality Index (DAQI) covers the five pollutants that are most likely to affect health on a day-to-day basis [4]. These are:

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1. Testing of air-quality sensors for local authority use.

2. Trial of a novel deployment technique, using existing smart cities’ infrastructure to provide power and daily communications with the sensor network.

3. Analysis of the impact of NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and particulate concentrations around a heavily congested roundabout in Hampshire.

4. Analysis of the cost-effectiveness of such a network in comparison to NO2 diffusion tube networks.

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From there, we’ll endeavour to determine whether current methods of managing traffic and pollutants are adequate and if there is sufficient information to recommend further work be undertaken to address those levels.

The sensor network was to have the following objectives:

AVG Above 40 µg/m3

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PM10 (µg/m3)

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Figure 3. This shows spikes in PM10 and PM2.5 during January 2020. These were consistently higher than the national limits, with most coinciding with traffic flow during school and rush hours

Figure 4, showing average measurement by timestamp and date. Note how column 75 (the highest spike) registers its highest reading at 9pm PM10 (µg/m3) 3%1% 3%

5%

24%

For councils to meet the levels set by the World Health Organization (as shown in figure 1), planners and transport officials need to be looking at promoting healthier options of travel. Equally, they need to be looking at the measures necessary to meet the goals set by the UN’s 2050 SDGs.

THE SENSORS

The sensor network was made up of sensors manufactured to NO2, O3, CO, SO2, www.theilp.org.uk

22%

7%

3% 1% 2% 3%

4% 1% 2% 19%

Figure 5. This graphic compares the results with a similar trial in nearby Bursledon, which is 15 minutes away. Looking at the PM data, what this appears to imply is that the reading we were getting in Fareham were specific to the localised pollutants and not an atmospheric indicator

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Figure 6. This shows the PM10 readings. The highest percentage of PM10 recorded in the week of 25-30 January was on 29 January. No physical explanations were available to justify the results found on this date, however the weather on that occasion was foggy

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Smart lighting PM2.5 and PM10, and other data, such as humidity, air pressure and temperature.

They are compact units and once deployed have a maintenance and calibration interval of up to 24 months. Data drawn down to a resolution of 30-minute intervals can be recorded.

The sensor network and datasets are not reliant on power and/or Wi Fi connections thanks to being located on SSE’s smart lighting columns in the location. This provided smart city communications (in other words, hard-wired internet connectivity 24/7) and mounting locations for the sensor instruments.

SSE also provided the smart city platform to enable the sensors to send data via the Zigbee modem to a central database, which interprets the coding to produce the analytics on the website dashboard.

This is an ‘open’ network, which means that it would be possible for other parties to join the platform, providing their systems can accommodate Zigbee and API addresses are released.

The data was recorded on the dashboard as an average for the day. Further analysis was required to gain a wider understanding of the 30-minute readings for a day.

The information was easily extracted and very user friendly. For more complex analysis, it was necessary to download and manipulate independent of the platform.

Figure 2 shows some average readings taken during December 2020.

What this shows is that, for the period 25-30 December 2020 readings still exceeded national guidelines for the 24-hour average mean. The most significant spikes occurred between the hours of 3am and 5am on 27 December, with PM10 being the highest recording pollutant during those hours. The World Health Organization, to recap, levels set at a limit of 50μg/m3 as a 24-hour mean and most readings were above that daily.

As shown in figure 3, the spikes in PM10 and PM2.5 during January 2020 were consistently higher than the national limits, with most coinciding with traffic flow during school and rush hours. Taking temperature readings for that week, this showed the weather was not unusual and humidity was even, not enough to cause the spike.

Figures 4 and 5 then show, respectively, average measurement by timestamp and date and the results with a similar trial in nearby a nearby village that appeared to imply that the readings for our sensors were specific to the localised pollutants and not an atmospheric indicator.

In figure 6, meanwhile, it is clear the highest percentage of PM10 recorded in the week of 25-30 January was on 29 January.

No physical explanations were available to

justify the results found on this date, however the weather on that occasion was foggy. The manufacturer reported that, when fog is present, water particles are higher and so can register levels that exceed the norm. One frustration was that we had intended to use the static monitoring station nearby as the control for this trial, but it transpired that it only registers NO (nitrous oxide) and SO (sulphur monoxide) readings, not particulate matter.

The next available PM monitoring station was across in Portsmouth and so too far away to be of use as a comparative tool.

Figures 7 and 8 then show how the most significant PM2.5 spike was recorded on 27 December at 5am but that there was an anomaly reading in one column (column 75). A similar spike on the same day and at the same time was recorded PM10. Contact was made with both Hampshire Constabulary and Hampshire Fire Service to see if there were any recorded incidences that may have contributed to the spike but they both responded as negative, so it was all a bit baffling, if still interesting in terms of what it showed around the ability to collect data in this way.

Again (figure 9), column 72 was something of an outlier in terms of its readings, in that it did not seem to pick up the same level of readings as the others around it.

The location of the columns was checked to make sure there were no differences in

distances from the carriageway. The only column not on the north side of Gosport Road was column 75, which sits on the southbound side adjacent to the waterway.

Figure 10 overleaf then shows a graphical representation of PM10 readings for 27 December. Notice how the highest recording was at 602.58μg/m3. Weather data for the same time and date showed it was raining. The highest spike for PM10 (figure 11) was recorded on 11 February between 7pm and 11pm. Again, intriguingly, the historical data for weather at those times showed it was raining.

To prove the theory behind the correlation to rain and high particulate matter, a weather comparison was done for Christmas Day, 25 December, as the day was mostly clear (figure 12). The PM readings

Figure 7. Readings from the dashboard showing that the most significant spike was recorded on 27 December at 5am

PM2.5 READING

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Figure 8. PM2.5 column readings for 27 December at 5am.

Note the anomaly of column 72 (highlighted in yellow). It is positioned between columns 61 and 75, so there was an expectation its results would range between the two figures, not be so completely lower

Figure 9. PM10 column readings for 27 December at 5am. Once again, column 72 was something of a baffling anomaly

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Smart lighting for that same day showed an increase after 12pm when the wind speed dropped, and air was coming in from the north west (which was notably more polluted). With wind-speed dropping, PM readings started to decrease. This was noted on the readings for the same day by the sensors.

CONCLUSIONS

In sum, the trial has been deemed a success for identifying the feasibility of using CMS and air-quality sensors in areas where there is a continual concern for high levels of pollutants and for the future assessments needed to tackle the improvements.

It could eliminate the need for diffusion tubes and the time lost in analysis and ease of transportation to other locations. It can offer more in terms of particulate matter readings than some static monitoring stations which purely measure NO2.

Using a solar option for this trial assisted in testing greener forms of data transmission equipment in a drive to negate carbon emissions. This does not seem to have affected the quality of the readings being received. The sensor defects were because of internal component failures and not the solar device powering their supply. This option also prevented further cost of energy consumption which would be part of a power connected supply.

Evidently, there is still more work to be done. Project funding needs to be available if there is a genuine intention to look ahead at greener solutions and management solutions to fall in line with the government’s 2050 net zero agenda.

As things stand at present, local authorities are not able to be part of a larger smart city community due to restrictions from central government. Until such time as the various council sections have interactive solutions that can be linked to one main platform, there would be no need for a local authority to take on such a cost.

Complex communication systems and digital monitoring devices for air quality, traffic flow, bin collections and salt spreading are all part of what will gradually be a wide smart city operation. If a network disruption can mean that your alarm clock is amended so you are not late for your meeting, shouldn’t the issues surrounding air quality and preservation of quality of life be just as easily controlled?

In the meantime we have innovation driving the engineers of the future so that one day what currently may stand as a

Figure 10. This is a graphical representation of PM10 readings for 27 December, showing how the highest recording was at 602.58µg/m3

Figure 11. The highest spike for PM10 was recorded on 11 February 2021 between 7pm and 11pm, with the historical data showing, again, that it was raining

Figure 12. This reading, from Christmas Day, showed the PM readings increasing after 12pm when the wind speed dropped, and more polluted air was coming in from the north west

barrier for business will eventually become a mere obstacle to overcome when driving for change.

In my view, if it were possible to link health, transport, planning and environmental efforts digitally then it would better portray to communities – whether in Hampshire or elsewhere – a much clearer picture of what their council is doing in to improve areas surround health, transport and future planning. It would also show local authorities are working to meet net zero aspiration, and how the behaviours of residents, especially in terms of transport use and traffic, is affecting the area they live in.

Walking-to-school weeks have been a successful way to ‘nudge’ parents who

usually drive to school to begin to the difference in air quality when they leave the car at home. Clearly, this sort of monitoring is just one small part of what is a much larger, and much more complex, environmental puzzle, one where lighting professionals can provide only some of the answers.

Nevertheless, having this sort of monitoring in place – and effectively interrogating and communicating the data that comes from it – can help to educate communities about the environmental dangers and risks they are living with. It is another way that lighting professionals can contribute to the green/sustainability agenda that is becoming an ever-more pressing conversation for all of us.

[1] ‘68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN’ United Nations, 2018, https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/2018-revision-ofworld-urbanization-prospects.html [2] ‘Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ United Nations, https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda [3] ‘Ambient (outdoor) air pollution’, World Health Organization, September 2021, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health [4] ‘Daily Air Quality Index’, Defra, https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/air-pollution/daqi

www.theilp.org.uk

Amanda Reece BSc (Hons) EngTech AMILP is an engineer with WSP

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APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Public realm lighting

A new interactive light scheme, ‘Lightplay’, has turned Royal Terrace Gardens in Torquay, which had a reputation for being an unfriendly hub for antisocial behaviour, into an inviting destination for the whole community. As Michael Grubb explains, its inspiration lay in long, sunset-drenched walks with the family during the first Covid lockdown

By Nic Paton

R

oyal Terrace Gardens in Torquay, known locally as ‘Rock Walk’, is a network of Mediterranean-planted cliff-side paths that run alongside, and overlook, the harbour and seafront of this picturesque south Devon seaside town.

This article intends to explain the thinking, concept, challenges and learning points from the lighting scheme – called ‘Lightplay’ – created by Michael Grubb Studio as a permanent, interactive route along the seafront, and which in the process has made the area more inviting and vibrant for the whole local community.

Studio founder Michael Grubb discussed the project at the ILP-supported Light School, part of the Surface Design Show, in February (and turn to page 30 for our review of the whole two-and-half day event). Lighting Journal sat down with him, virtually, after the event to get under the skin of this innovative project.

‘The genesis for the scheme began back in March 2020. You all probably recall that was the month we were plunged into the first Covid-19 lockdown – and that

experience was an important part of this scheme. At a practical level, however, at that time simply to be able to get out of the house and on to site, even briefly, was a massive relief!’ Michael explains.

‘Having said that, it was a very grey and miserable day that first visit, which really didn’t help the first impressions. The whole site felt really dark and dingy. The steps that zig-zagged up from the seafront and then the viewing platform at the top just felt rundown and were often associated as a hub for antisocial activity, So, it wasn’t inviting at all.

‘The lighting wasn’t helping, either; to my mind it was a really good example of lighting by numbers without really considering the consequences. The light spill from the highway on to the pathway was giving you 5 lux in places; it was all shadows and dark patches and simply felt deeply intimidating,’ Michael adds.

Michael Grubb Studio is based in Bournemouth, where Michael also lives with his family. And, as he explains, it was navigating that whole first, unprecedented lockdown period that sparked his design vision for the Lightplay scheme.

‘As a family we were going out every evening, just to get out of the house and some fresh air. It was that time of the year when the evenings were just getting long enough so you could do a working day and still get out,’ he recalls.

‘You probably all remember that one of the few bright spots of that uncertain time was the fact the weather that year was beautiful; it was a really sunny and warm spring and summer. So, we’d be going out every night for long walks with the kids and the dog. By luck at first and then later deliberately we found we were timing our www.theilp.org.uk

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Public realm lighting walks to coincide with catching some amazing sunsets.

‘Looking back through my phone for that period there are pictures of just hundreds and hundreds of sunsets! I’ve never met anyone who doesn’t like a sunset.

Nearly everything about them represents positivity; even the most negative, cloudy day can be lifted by a magical sunset.

‘There is also a closure to a sunset; today might have not been the best (and that was especially the case in that first lockdown) but there will be a new dawn tomorrow. A sunset allows us as humans to reset; to remind ourselves that there is more to life than work, manic-ness and the whole Zoom world we had all suddenly found ourselves in at that time,’ Michael adds.

It wasn’t long, of course, before this personal embracing of sunset walks as a family tipped over into a more professional recognition that this was something potentially he could use and apply to the Torquay project.

As Michael explains: ‘As we walked and engaged as a family of an evening, I became increasingly aware professionally – as a lighting designer – of the power and impact of these sunsets. How they look on people; those colours, those hues of a sunset, they look good. We all know that much warmer light is used extensively in pubs, hospitality, restaurants and bars. We all know the positive impact of warm light on

www.theilp.org.uk

health and wellbeing, on our calmness.

‘That, to me, felt important in a world where we were all feeling a bit vulnerable and confused by Covid. It really resonated; that sense of what the light of a sunset means; that glow it can give you. And I felt it was something we could explore in the Torquay project. That meant, when we got into the concept planning of the project, we began talking about how we might be able to capture the idea of a sunset as you walked along Royal Terrace Gardens.

‘I was, however, also very aware of the classic light art problem – a concept can look amazing at night but then awful during the day, especially if there is loads of intrusive infrastructure. We started therefore to look at other options. How could we create something that brought colour and pattern to the area and the idea, the experience, of sunsets; yet, equally, had more of a decorative element to it?’ Michael adds.

The project had originally started out with a brief to illuminate just three locations along the pathway.

However, once Torbay Council started getting a feel for what the practice was proposing, it quickly got on board with the vision and the project expanded from there.

‘We knew that, yes, whatever we did needed to have a visual element that was attractive both by day and night, and we wanted to get that sense of sunset. Yet it also rapidly became clear that there was an opportunity to do something a bit special here in terms of placemaking, in terms of rethinking the landscape, the cliff face and everything that came with it. So, it was about trying to open the whole thing up,’ Michael says.

‘We also recognised that, in this sort of location, it needed to be about more than the site itself. You could have a really intimate experience as you walked along the pathway but, also, we wanted to ensure that, if you were looking across the cove, you could see this animated clifftop working in a respectful, landscaped way,’ he adds.

DECORATIVE COLUMNS

Funding for the project was coming from the Torquay Towns Fund (itself generated from money invested by the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities). The conclusion reached therefore was to have a series of interactive lighting columns along the pathway to form beacons and create pools of light, yet keeping costs down by using standard products inside a decorative metal column.

‘Once we realised there would need to be an artistic and graphical element, we’re humble enough to know we’re not the experts in that. So, we collaborated with visual artist Anouk Mercier, i n p a r t n e r s h i p To r q u a y Museum, to develop a series of integrated projections along the lower pathway inspired by the museum’s collections.

Intriguingly, to this day I’ve still

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APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Public realm lighting not met Anouk face to face, as it was all designed in the Zoom/lockdown world,’ says Michael.

Anouk was given the brief of reflecting Torquay’s heritage, especially its art, science and biodiversity, and created a series of designs focused around geology, seaweed, maritime, flora, trees, and birds.

‘I absolutely loved it because it connected to the ocean, to the clifftop, to the greenery of the area and so on; it just brought everything together,’ says Michael.

‘Within the columns there are dimmable floodlights with RGB filters – so in a way it is all quite old school, just warm white light with a selection of dichroic glass gels. And then there are GOBO projections on to the walkways to create playful, dynamic punctation points and reflect the stories in Anouk’s carvings.

‘Taking the artwork – fossil corals, seaweed and so on – from concept to reality was quite challenging, however. We worked closely with a fabricator to see which of those shapes could be easily laser cut and then back-lit. It was the classic thing – if you cut the wrong shape the middle falls out.

‘The other thing we wanted to ensure was that any images requiring big cuts – like the birds – happen out of arm’s reach.

So, you can’t post cigarette butts, crisp packets in or stick your hands in the columns. It was one of those attention-to-detail elements that most people probably won’t notice unless it is pointed out to them, but it was quite deliberately designed in. Another attention-to-detail element was ensuring the columns were placed so as not to create bottlenecks at the most popular meeting points,’ Michael adds.

Left: one of the early sketches of the scheme. Right: a close-up of one of the fabricated cut-outs, showing the attention to detail

Above: the finished pathway, showing how artist Anouk Mercier’s images are projected on to the ground. Below: the newly illuminated glass-fronted stairs that wind up to the cliff top. All project photographs for this article by Mike Massaro

CAREFUL TESTING

When any scheme like this, extensive trial-and-error testing and learning is absolutely key, Michael emphasises (and as the image shows on page 24).

‘We did absolutely loads of testing to make sure we had not only the right cuts but the right colours. We must have tried about 50 different shades of oranges and yellows. We weren’t allowed to use red for all the usual connotations, so we went for as dark an orange as we could get away with. What you see is a range of golds and fiery, orangey reds designed to mimic the effect of a sunset,’ he explains.

‘The stairs, which are glass-fronted, had historically had lighting in them but, again, this illumination had stopped working years ago. So, we took the same narrative approach here, with lots of testing, trying out LEDs with different filters and differwww.theilp.org.uk

ent types of glass,’ Michael adds.

‘We also took that approach with the viewing platform, where we kept the original column but either replaced or reused the fittings inside. We used the same filters so that everything has the same language and palette, but that column also has its own filter and colour-referencing code.

‘With all the testing, both on the stairs and the columns, what was interesting was that, on some of the filters, what should have been a perfect, even-distribution

“sunset”, just didn’t work. With a bit of playing around and testing, however, we started to get something that resonated and worked; we ended up with a palette of filters and colours that we absolutely knew we could guarantee were going to work,’ Michael continues.

This attention to detail meant the laser cutting took three weeks longer than it should have because it was so complex.

‘But it was absolutely worth it for the finished effect,’ Michael says.

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

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Public realm lighting The columns come on at dusk and project on to the path, so framing the landscape and giving walkers and visitors confidence that this is now a safe, inviting environment.

‘The lighting inside, the GOBO projector and the floodlight above are on a simple LED sequencing system. One slowly fades up over 20-30 seconds, and other slowly fades down. I wanted it to be really subtle but also to ensure that, as you walk along the pathway, you never get the same experience twice. It is always slightly different – a bit like a sunset,’ Michael explains.

‘With the steps, which were once dark and antisocial, there are now so many people using them, gathering and taking photos. You get teenagers congregating on their mobile phones, but now in a really positive way. The stairs produce a warm glow, even on the bannisters; you can feel that warmth as you walk through the area.’

IMPORTANCE OF NARRATIVE

What, then, have been the takeaways, the lessons, from a project like this? ‘First of all, what was interesting to me is how important it is to bring a narrative, a story, to a project. If you can get people excited about what you’re trying to achieve, really buying into it, then our job as the lighting designer becomes that much simpler – to make that narrative a reality,’ Michael says.

‘On public realm projects, if you want something to survive ten to 15 years, a full generation, you have got to get the public to love it. Because that means, when things fail (as eventually they will), the community will kick up a fuss, which means, in turn, the local authority is forced to upgrade, maintain or replace rather than (as Royal Terrace Gardens had) fall into disuse and disrepair.

www.theilp.org.uk

‘This project has also taught me a lot about the importance of creating an emotional connection; creating “experience” is just so key. It is about creating somewhere people feel they want to return to it, somewhere powerful and subtle at the same time, somewhere where people say, “oh, let’s go for another walk down there”,’ he adds.

Another important learning point, Michael points out, is to understand that how you use colour can be as important as what colours you use. If you pick colours that reflect and enhance your narrative, then your exact choice of colours becomes less relevant, he argues.

And final thoughts? ‘One of the biggest challenges on this project was creating, within a tight budget, something that was going to be visually appealing, decorative and popular in an environment that had

previously been synonymous with antisocial behaviour,’ Michael says.

‘We were sensitive that we needed to create something that was not going to give Royal Terrace Gardens a new lease of life, but which was also not going to get smashed to pieces in six months.

‘To that end, the columns are essentially industrial, galvanized-steel boxes that you can take a sledgehammer to and they are not going anywhere. Even with the artwork and cut-outs, we made sure you couldn’t push or bend them. There is even a little tray and a drain at the bottom so if anyone does put a cigarette butt into them it just filters out.

‘We tried to think everything through.

Ultimately, coming up with something that is beautiful but also robust is always a challenge,’ Michael adds in conclusion.

PROJECT CREDITS

Client: Torbay Council Lighting designer: Michael Grubb Studio Visual artist: Anouk Mercier Lighting installer: Drew and Co Curator and producer: Ginkgo Projects

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Light School 2022 After being postponed last year because of the pandemic, the ILP-supported Light School at the Surface Design Show finally returned as a face-to-face event in February. Here is some of what happened over its two and a half days

By Nic Paton

I

n our previous article, Michael Grubb has told the story of ‘Lightplay’, his new scheme for Royal Terrace Gardens in Torquay.

It was a discussion, and narrative, that in part grew out of a presentation Michael gave to Light School in February.

The ILP, once again, partnered with the Surface Design Show to run a series of ‘Light Talks’ CPD presentations across the two-and-a-half days of the show, which was held at Islington’s Business Design Centre from 8-10 February.

It was the first time the show had returned as a physical, face-to-face event since 2020, with last year’s event postponed because of the pandemic.

More than 160 exhibitors exhibited their wares, with the show being attended by an estimated 5,000 architects, designers and specifiers.

Michael was just one of a number of leading lighting designers to showcase the expertise of the lighting community to architects, surfaces and materials specialists, students, among others.

The Light Talks presentations, held in partnership with iGuzzini, this year all took place on the Surface Design Show’s main stage rather than, as in previous years, in a separate venue.

The underlying theme across the show was sustainability within design, especially how the industry can, must and should respond to climate change, the

drive to net zero and embracing circular economy approaches.

Sally Storey, founding director of Lighting Design International, spoke to Theresa Dowling, editor of FX Magazine, about her approach to lighting design.

This echoed Lighting Journal’s own discussion with Sally earlier this year, when she unpicked the secret to a successful residential lighting project with the YLP’s Sunny Sribanditmongkol (‘Learning and playing with light is very important’, January 2022, vol 87 no 1).

ROLE OF URBAN SPACES

Joseph di Pasquale, founder and chief executive of JDP Architects, gave a presentation on why it is important to consider ‘the space in between’ – or the urban spaces around and between buildings –

when designing buildings.

He made the case that architectural surfaces are not simply the external envelope of a building. It is imperative for the urban space around a building, and the social and relational value a building brings to the space, to be considered as well, especially when projects are about public and/or spatial regeneration.

A panel discussion on the role of natural and synthetic materials within a circular economy approach, while not specifically about lighting, made some important points that could be applied to the challenges facing lighting as an industry when it comes to this agenda.

For example, design journalist Roddy Clarke’s comments (if about materials rather than lighting per se) chimed with current circular economy discussions within the industry.

‘It is about helping people to look at materials in a new light; it is about changing perceptions. It has been drilled into us for years and years how things, how materials, should look,’ he said.

‘It is imperative to think with that second life in mind. A lot of people don’t do it because it requires logistics, because it has a financial implication; it is hassle. But it is about doing the right thing, right?’

Paul Monaghan (left) and Phil Coffey in discussion. Below left: Michael Grubb giving his presentation

www.theilp.org.uk

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Light School 2022 SUSTAINABILITY LESSONS

Emily Skinner, of Evan James Design, highlighted how it is important designers work to combat the amount of waste found in our interiors.

‘It is learning what materials will give you the functionality results that you are looking for. All the time encapsulated in a sustainable mindset beyond just where it is sourced but also how it is used, how it is maintained? What happens when people want to replace, they want something new – what are you doing with it as the responsibility of the designer?’ she pointed out.

The experience of the past two years of the pandemic play into this, she argued.

‘We have had time to reflect and think about what we’re using, maybe because we’ve been more static in our location.

What we have surrounded ourselves with has become more of a consideration, whether it’s wiping down our shopping (if we can even remember now doing that) to what we’re touching.

‘The beauty of natural materials and biophilia in all of this within our environment can’t be denied,’ she said, adding that the key was learning to share your knowledge and inspire your clients and specifiers.

Architectural legend Paul Monaghan of Allford Hall Monaghan Morris, in conversation with Phil Coffey of Coffey Architects, enthused about the role of both colour and light and shade within architecture.

Colour, he argued, was now being used more as accents within architecture.

Asked which he preferred, shadow or light, he answered: ‘I think I like light best.

Thinking about how light comes into buildings in unusual ways is what we enjoy [as architects].’

WRITE FOR LIGHTING JOURNAL!

LIGHT AND WELLBEING

The show concluded with Lauren Lever, founder of Minoux Lighting Design, discussing the importance lighting can have on the wellbeing of users within a space.

Watch out in a future edition of Lighting Journal for more on this but, in effect, Lauren discussed how lighting can be used as a design tool to colour how we respond to a space, how that can, in turn, affect or interplay with our wellbeing, and the powerful role that lighting has to affect each environment it is designed for.

Finally, the ILP had a stand at the show and saw brisk interest from attendees in both the contribution lighting could bring to the design table and the role and leadership the ILP plays within the industry.

As Jess Gallacher, the ILP’s Engagement and Communications Manager, put it: ‘It was great to be back at the Surface Design Show, and to hear so many inspiring talks from industry leaders.

‘The show, once again, highlighted the important role that lighting has, and needs, to play with design and architectural conversations, especially when it comes to making the transition to more sustainable, circular economy approaches.

‘On a side note, the copies of Lighting Journal we had on the stand – the February and October editions – proved immensely popular with visitors. It shows what a valuable contribution Lighting Journal makes to promoting excellence both within and beyond the industry.’

Martina Alagna, marketing and business development manager at Linea Light Group and former lighting designer at Nulty, was one of the many ILP members who dropped by the ILP stand over the two-and-a-half days of the Surface Design Show.

Her Lighting Journal article, with Philip Copland, on Nulty’s innovative lighting scheme for London retailer Browns was one of the two visually striking cover articles on display for visitors to the show (‘Purchase history’, October 2021, vol 86, no 9).

Martina told Lighting Journal: ‘I found it very rewarding to write on Browns for Lighting Journal, both in terms of raising the profile of the project but also because it allowed us to reflect on the work we had done, and what we had learnt from that.

‘It was also really inspiring to see it on display at Light School, and the fact so many people were stopping to pick up the journal and read it,’ she added.

If you are interested in writing for Lighting Journal – maybe you have a project you are particularly proud of being involved in or there is an industry issue or conversation you feel strongly about – please do get in touch, as we’re always open to suggestions.

Simply email the editor Nic Paton on nic@cormorantmedia. co.uk or Jess Gallacher on jess@theilp.org.uk

Lauren Lever (left) and Sally Storey at the show

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CLEANING UP OUR ACT

Within all the talk about circular economy models and net zero, the reality is the lighting industry still has a long way to go to achieve ‘deep green’ sustainability. Genuine, transformational change is going to mean embracing six key changes

By Brad Koerner

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Lighting and sustainability

A

s lighting professionals are becoming increasingly aware, not least through the pages of Lighting Journal, the circular economy is a movement to stop the industrialised world’s lethal habit of ‘take, make, waste’ and instead to create profitable flows of products, parts, and materials in endless loops.

To achieve this vision, it takes coordinated effort to rethink product design, supply chains and business models.

Right now, however, the lighting industry seems frozen, continuing to churn out products with high-embodied carbon emissions, toxic materials, with product designs and service models that prevent even basic repair or reusability.

Want proof? Simply ask any lighting manufacturer: ‘If in ten years you received your products back to your loading docks, would they be considered financial assets or liabilities?’

The reality is that most contemporary LED lighting fixtures might cost more to properly dispose of as they originally

did to produce, especially as more and more supply chains are held fully accountable for their externalised environmental costs.

So how will – how can – the lighting industry embrace a cleaner future? Let’s make the case for six key ways: 1. EMBRACE BIO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS LEDs are now available on the market offering ultra-high efficacies well over 200 lumens/watt. With such low power and negligible thermal demands, new opportunities emerge for the radical redesign of traditional fixture paradigms and material selections.

There are many lighting applications where basic LED technology outlives the application life, with countless perfectly good LED lighting fixtures doomed to be scrapped before their actual end of life.

So, why do lighting specifiers continue to choose aerospace-grade materials for basic architectural lighting? Why can’t the bulk of light fixtures simply compost into dirt at end of life?

We will see a growing trend for lighting systems that use innovative bio-based materials to dramatically reduce the embodied energy, reduce toxicity and reduce both production and end-of-life (EOL)

disassembly costs to create fixtures that tread lightly on our natural resources.

2. SOURCE FROM BEAUTIFUL FACTORIES When designers specify a product, they are also specifying the entire supply chain used to produce that product. Designers should challenge themselves: would they be personally willing to live next to any stage of that supply chain?

Let’s consider aluminium, a common material in LED light fixtures. Would you want your family living next to a massive open-pit mining operation? Next door to a smelting plant? Downstream from a toxic anodization facility? Or how about downwind of the refinery making the feedstock or the powder-coat paint finish?

Designers need to embrace materials and components made via processes and facilities that they would gladly live next door to themselves, beautiful factories t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t o a h e a l t hy neighbourhood.

In the end, specifiers and manufacturers alike will realise that bio-materials are sexy – that there is a glorious world of creative potential awaiting once we move beyond steel and aluminium.

3. HASTEN

SENSE

THE RETURN OF COMMON

The current and environmentally destructive trend in the lighting industry for producing disposable fixtures simply cannot be sustained.

Customers cannot bear the long-term maintenance headaches of such

www.theilp.org.uk

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Lighting and sustainability short-term, wretched product management, nor can the environment.

Common sense product design and industry-wide hardware standards programmes, such as the Zhaga Consortium, remain critical to enabling the repair and reuse of durable fixtures long into the future.

And guess what? Repairing and maintaining commercial devices is also known as a revenue stream. Something that penny-wise and pound-foolish lighting product managers might want to consider.

4. EXPLORE

SMART MAINTENANCE PROGRAMMES

IP-connected lighting systems greatly expand the range of data available from our lighting systems, data that can be used for a variety of purposes. Unfortunately, companies launching IoT systems using the infrastructure offered by architectural lighting immediately tried to jump to exotic business cases focused on high-concept business/facility optimisation, in the process skipping over essential needs of the actual lighting hardware.

Imagine a future where networked controls and lighting fixtures can broadcast their component serial numbers, feature sets, run-time counters, and even realtime photometric light measurement?

Talk about big data: a project team, lighting manufacturer or facility operator could remotely check in on their systems anytime, anywhere.

For example, a manufacturer that sold a project a long-term service contract might automatically see that a fixture is over temp and losing light output, and they will automatically query the exact set of parts that need to be replaced.

A service agent will show up with the right parts and immediately take care of the problem – potentially before an end user even recognises there is a problem.

The commodity PC industry has done this for decades.

Such data drastically reduces the cost of lighting maintenance. The lighting industry has the opportunity to offer much higher levels of customer service at lower costs than ever before… but who in the industry captures this value?

5. SUPPORT

THE REVOLUTION IN ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

As we move towards greater numbers of net-zero energy buildings and demand more localised energy resiliency in ever more turbulent times, a most interesting revolution is poised to transform our electrical infrastructure.

Already, almost every device in a modern building uses DC (direct-current) www.theilp.org.uk

electricity, including LED lighting, sensors, computers, IT networking and even large mechanical services.

Yet, since our ancient electric utility grids are AC (alternating current), every one of these devices requires wasteful power converters. Those all add up: Researchers estimate that commercial buildings could save 15% of their total power by skipping wasteful DC-AC-DC conversions.

Compounding this disconnect between our AC electrical grids and our DC building infrastructures, we are now adding huge quantities of DC-generating solar panels and DC-based battery storage to make our buildings self-sufficient, islanded nanogrids.

In the very near future, we are going to see a tipping point as commercial buildings switch from AC-powered backbones to DC-powered backbones, converting DC to AC only for diminishing legacy technologies.

6. DRASTICALLY

ELECTRONICS

SIMPLIFY LIGHTING

Advanced DC-based power technologies, such as solid-state switching and solid-state fault interruption, promise to channel, manage and measure power with more precision than ever before.

As DC-based nanogrids replace the AC-infrastructure in commercial buildings, the fundamental design of lighting infrastructure will be forced to adapt: AC-powered LED drivers will no longer be needed at each and every fixture, leaving tremendous opportunities to consolidate lighting electronics.

When the building infrastructure is supplying current-limited DC power with millisecond fault protection, LED drivers can be simplified to a few tiny chips or

perhaps even removed or centralised completely.

In summary, we may see a stark reversal of the IoT-driven trend of adding more and more electronics to each fixture. We may see all driver and control electronics removed entirely from most basic fixtures.

Removing all the electronics except for the essential LED sources themselves saves an enormous amount of copper wire, metal enclosures, plastic connectors and circuit boards with hundreds of toxic electronic components from each fixture.

Such simplification will make light fixtures far easier to certify to meet the growing cadre of sustainability certifications and labelling programmes.

CONCLUSION – SPECIFYING A BRIGHTER FUTURE

Designers specify the future. The lighting industry needs to take responsibility for the future it is sowing today.

Designers need to think holistically about their projects. Are they proud of the supply chains that support their product selections?

Brad Koerner is innovation and product development lead for LUXTECH and creative director and innovation consultant for Koerner Design.

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Because every luminaire has PureWhite and Flexiwhite technology connected through Schréder’s Exedra platform, Galway City can remotely adjust lighting colour and intensity to deliver the right level, quality and type of light to balance both human and ecological needs.

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Lighting

L ATER LIVING

Illuminating the high-end later-living development of Auriens Chelsea in London has meant developing a scheme that is luxurious, detailed and layered, but which also delivers appropriate lighting levels for ageing eyes

By Nic Paton

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Architectural lighting

internal environment with limited access to daylight is not good for anyone,’ Ellie adds.

HIGHER LEVELS THAN NORMAL

Auriens Chelsea, showing the new lighting scheme

by Nulty. Clockwise from left: the cinema, an apartment kitchen, and the pool. All photographs

by Sim Canetty Clarke

A

uriens Chelsea is a luxury later-living development located on Dovehouse Street, just off London’s King’s Road.

The development, which comprises 56 high-end apartments, opened to residents near the end of last year and, it argues, combines the luxury of a five-start hotel with the more discreet ambience of a private members’ club.

Lighting design practice Nulty was tasked with creating and delivering a lighting scheme for the development, a project it began in 2017 and completed in the middle of last year.

As well as the specifics of the project – which we’ll come to shortly – from a CPD perspective, one of the most interesting aspects of the whole scheme has been the reflection and conversation it generated around delivering effective lighting for an ageing audience.

As Ellie Coombs, managing director at Nulty, tells Lighting Journal: ‘For me, one

of the most fascinating elements of the scheme was the opportunity it gave us really to think about and consider some of the wider aspects around illumination for later living.

‘We did a lot of research around what was needed; relatively standard issues, such as appropriate lighting levels for ageing eyes and loss of adaptation as the eye gets older; the fact that glare and contrast become much more problematic in later life and so on.

‘But the scheme also brought home to us some wider issues around later living, and where lighting can play an important role.

This, after all, is the point of life where people might be beginning to lose some of their freedom and mobility. If they’re needing assisted living, for example, they may be having carers coming in.

‘In this sort of scenario, residents might not be leaving their house for long periods of time. Or they might be limited to certain rooms. Yet we also know that being in an

This meant that, when it came to lighting the apartments, the first priority was, of course, simply to be lighting the interiors effectively, with recessed downlights and cove lighting providing ambient illumination throughout all of the living areas and accentuating artwork displayed on the walls.

The integrated lighting in the kitchens and bathrooms is more task based, with subtle details such as LED strips behind mirrors and concealed lighting within wardrobes.

Yet, at the same time, a further priority was the scheme needing to be balancing this attention to detail with lighting that works for, well, older eyes.

‘In terms of the lux levels, we defined a range of targets for the different areas, depending on where they were, that were higher than what we would normally design to because of these aspects,’ Ellie explains.

‘So, we were designing to a good 20% above to what we would normally attribute to the general levels. Plus there was a need for increased uniformity across the spaces, and then we were also trying to build in diffused light to help with the glare aspects and all of that,’ he continues.

‘For example, in the apartments we designed the base level lighting to 150 lux with higher levels (200 lux) around certain areas, such as kitchens, bathrooms and key circulation routes as these were areas where issues with visual impairment had the highest potential for incident.

‘In other task areas, however, levels are boosted to between 350 lux and 500 lux.

We specified a colour temperature range from 2700K to 5000K with 2700k at dawn and dusk with the colour temperature peaking at midday at the 5000K,’ Ellie adds. www.theilp.org.uk

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Architectural lighting Ellie’s comments here also highlight an innovation to the scheme: the fact residents can enable circadian-linked lighting within their apartments, so transitioning from warm to cool white and back again.

As Ellie explains: ‘Residents have the option to enable it and it will then cycle through the colour temperatures throughout the day in line with the natural changes in daylight.

They can either simply set the lighting to a standard 2700K, if that’s their preference, or they can just hit a button and it will start cycling through, based on the astronomical timeclock to suit the time of day and the area in which it is within and the season.

‘There is a huge range of ages among the residents and a huge range of visual needs and physical needs, so I think having something that can adapt to that is so helpful. It might even be the difference between not having to move someone out of an apartment when they get to the point where they need to have a bit more help,’ Ellie continues.

‘As part of their agreement with Auriens, they can get a carer coming in if they need one, and so our scheme can enable the right, most appropriate, lighting to be in place to help support that and enable residents to, for example, get the best night’s sleep,’ she adds.

PRESET SCENES AT NIGHT

On the issue of night-time lighting, and staying with the apartments, preset night-time scenes help residents navigate the space in the dark by illuminating the path from bedroom to bathroom. Light levels here are set at 20 lux across key points to allow safe movement through the apartment at night.

‘The night-time is about, obviously, having a safe level for them to get around,’ Ellie emphasises.

‘You want as little artificial light as possible in the evening and night-time. We also had to take mobility issues into account. The www.theilp.org.uk

The ‘speakeasy’ bar and, below, an apartment dining area

night-lighting scheme is, of course, very low level. The key is that if someone, say, needs to get up and go to the bathroom in the night they don’t need to have all the lights on; you’re not going to have this sudden change of dark-to-light, which the eye can struggle with.

‘Instead, you have these low-level accent lights washing the floor, so there is less chance of someone struggling to find their way or having a trip or fall,’ Ellie explains.

PURPOSELY LAYERED LIGHTING

Across the project as a whole, light levels

have been purposely layered, with illumination boosted at higher levels through recessed downlights and through coffer lighting to improve wayfinding and assist those with reduced visual acuity.

Turning to other areas of the development, in the double-height lobby a combination of oversized pendants and decorative table lamps have been used on the reception and concierge desks. At a higher-level, soft cove lighting and wall lights enhance light levels and encourage circulation throughout the space.

In the Culfords restaurant, linear coffer lighting highlights the architectural detail of the Georgian ceiling, while circular branch pendants form a striking visual contrast. In this area as well, as a frequently used area (along with the library and the apartments), tuneable white light has been used, again, to emulate natural daylight.

Within the library (where, again, tuneable white light is used) dimmable table lamps have been strategically placed where residents may stop to read a book or play a game, while concealed lighting into the joinery is used to improve the legibility of, say, books or items on shelves.

The scheme’s careful attention to detail can also be seen in the downstairs ‘speakeasy’ bar. Here, the light has been used to pick out the dark wood panelling, upholstered pieces and metallic finishes.

Undercounter lighting and LED strips around the shelving provide detail-enhancing illumination with the intention of drawing your eye to the bar area.

Decorative wall lights provide halos of light above seating areas and recessed downlights provide further visual cues to support movement around the space.

In the pool and spa area, there is an artificial skylight with tuneable white light, which creates the illusion of natural daylight flooding the space directly above the water with light. Cove

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Architectural lighting

lighting and recessed downlights, again, form light effects across the floor, while back illuminated strip panels made from recycled glass provide a striking visual feature ‘Every detail has been carefully thought out to ensure light serves a clear purpose and enriches each space for the people that use it,’ Ellie explains.

‘The feedback we’ve had so far generally has been very positive, although it hasn’t of course been open for that long yet.

There has been very positive feedback around the experience as a whole,’ she adds.

KEY LEARNING POINTS

As a lighting professional, the project also generated a number of interesting learning points and takeaways, Ellie emphasises.

‘There was a lot we picked up just from researching this area of later living quite closely, looking into what lighting can do to support that,’ she tells Lighting Journal.

‘For example, I was fascinated by the links there are between lighting and cognitive impairment or dementia. There have been studies around how sleep cycles and circadian rhythms can have a really big impact on these sorts of conditions, which was something I would never have thought about,’ Ellie continues.

‘Anything lighting or interior design can do to support better cognition, or to limit cognitive impairment such as dementia or conditions such as that, the better of course. And this is something that could have a big bearing in the future as, after all, we are an ageing population in the UK. ‘For me it was also mind-blowing to think just how bad things can be for your circadian rhythms if you are just sat inside for the day, perhaps unable to get out of bed or something like that – and how circadian lighting can help to mitigate that.

That was a huge learning moment for me; just to be able to see how it can be in my daily life and then imagining it for someone in that circumstance,’ Ellie adds in conclusion. www.theilp.org.uk

Clockwise from top: an apartment primary bedroom, the the lounge, spa, and ‘Culfords’ restaurant

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N I T T H F I E H S S T A A N D DAR EN E

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‘WE

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STANDARDS

MIN

Current standards for LED lighting still don’t go far enough in terms of tackling, and resolving, ongoing concerns around glare, argues Leonardo Bartoletti. He makes the case that a new approach is needed for measuring LED intensity, spectrum, photometry and spacing

By Leonardo Bartoletti with Ruth Dutton

A

s ILP members well know, LED street lighting luminaires have transformed how our public realm is illuminated. Yet, complaints about the feeling of discomfort they can cause, especially in terms of glare, remain stubbornly persistent. This, in turn, poses an important question: as technology improves, how can we maintain the advantages we derive from LEDs while increasing visual comfort?

I intend to argue in this article that, to answer this, we need to improve not just our understanding of LED glare and discomfort but, critically, our criteria as an industry for assessing.

Let me explain. It wasn’t that long ago

that the most common colour temperature for streetlamps was cool white CCT 6000K or even higher. Yes, LED luminaires are now evolving into gentler, more userfriendly forms. Yes, too, it is true that streetlamps with a neutral or warm-white colour temperature are now the most commonly used.

However, it is also increasingly recognised that the speed at which we need to be adopting more sustainable LED lighting has to increase if we are to move to less environmentally harmful industry and business models.

To my mind, one way this shift can be accelerated is if we review and update the calculations that are used to determine

MAX street lighting standards, such as the volume of acceptable glare created.

UNINTENDED SIDE-EFFECTS

Developed since the 1970s, in other words before LEDs were commonplace, the current calculations, I’d argue, are no longer fit for purpose for specifying the best-quality LED lighting. Nor do they ensure the safest or healthiest option is always used.

The difficulty with LEDs is there are often unintended, undesirable side-effects: harshness of light, glare, uneven lighting, and hard shadows, for example.

These concerns are not trivial. Such side-effects can affect mood, productivity, alertness, safety, comfort, spatial awareness and depth perception. The discomfort associated with LED glare can feed through into worries (justified or not) about artificial lighting’s impact on our circadian rhythms or general wellbeing.

While no one within lighting would, of course, argue that the answer is to do away with LED – its advantages and flexibility are too great – there is an argument that we have abandoned traditional luminaires without fully updating the metrics we need properly to evaluate this new light source.

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Opinion: glare and LEDs

WHAT DO YOU THINK? This article outlines opinions around, and solutions to, glare and LED lighting, an area of longstanding (and complex) debate within the industry.

So, what do you think? We’d love to hear your views, either as a letter to the editor or even an article in response. All you need to do is email editor Nic Paton at nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk to get things underway.

Traditional discharge lamps adopt a single light source to create uniform luminance. LED luminaires, in the other hand, contain multiple small and high-intensity light sources. Yet – and this is the important point – we continue to use the same metrics to evaluate whether this new lighting is adequate in terms of luminance and/or comfort.

In the absence of a more nuanced regulatory approach, one that considers and is able properly to mitigate the unwanted effects of LED glare, manufacturers, naturally, will simply continue to push the technological envelope as far as it will go.

They will continue to prioritise efficiency and cost over glare and comfort.

Prior to 2006, LED lights were considered under the same legislation as lasers because, historically, LEDs were used as signal lights rather than to illuminate large areas. In fact, LEDs were not even at that time considered suitable for general lighting. Therefore, there were no product or street lighting standards compatible with LED products.

As we all know, post 2006 that situation began to change rapidly. As the drive to save energy increased and people began to grasp what LEDs were capable of, so the demand for more widespread use of energy efficient LEDs accelerated. As a result, in 2008 the IEC general lighting standards were updated to include LED lighting [1].

However, the calculation methodologies designed to ensure maximum energy savings and the containment of lighting levels

to values suitable for use were simply transferred to the new standard.

After public complaints and concerns from experts and environmental associations, the lighting regulations were further revised in 2013. However, even this update did not consider the differences in luminance technology from LED as it rapidly evolved.

NEED FOR A SHIFT IN STANDARDS

What has therefore happened is that, over the past seven years, street lighting specifications have remained based on the 2013 standards.

A further revision of the luminaire regulations by the CIE in 2020 emphasised the need to define a new appropriate specifications’ model for LEDs, one that addressed the glare problem in a more contemporary way, as soon as possible. But we’re still not there.

To my mind, such a shift in the standards – long overdue – will encourage the specification of sustainable lighting products that co-exist with more visually comfortable and aesthetically pleasing LEDs. This, in turn, could lead to something of a virtuous paradigm shift, where we as an industry promote as standard the best, rather than simply the cheapest, option when it comes to LED. Of course, there may need to be a client education piece that has to go with this (hopefully small) extra cost.

But I’d argue the longer-term gain will be that all of us – municipalities, organisations, individuals – continue to benefit from the extensive energy savings that

come with using LED while at the same time enjoying a plethora of additional health and environmental benefits.

Finally, I’d argue this is a change that cannot come too soon. After all, without speedy agreement on what actually are the most appropriate metrics for measuring LED intensity, spectrum, photometry and LED spacing, arguably we’re simply throwing money away. We’re installing millions of LED luminaires that are potentially unsuitable for use, could even be described as dangerous and which will, when or if that happens, be costly to replace.

Leonardo Bartoletti is marketing manager with Cree Lighting. He was assisted by Ruth Dutton, a content writer and communications strategist at Chirp

FIND OUT MORE

This article is based on a longer ‘white paper’ developed by Cree Lighting. For ILP members interested in finding out more, the paper ‘Is street lighting damaging to our health?’ can be downloaded through this QR code

[1] EN 62031:2008/A1:2013 ‘LED modules for general lighting – safety specifications’, https://webstore.iec.ch/preview/info_iec62031%7Bed2.0.RLV%7Den.pdf

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On-street, lighting column-based EV charging has the potential to transform and accelerate the UK’s transition to electric. Yet many local authorities still seem to be sceptical or filing it under ‘too difficult’. This has to change, argues one charge-point operator

By James Everly

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EV charging

E

very industry has its rumours and half-understood concepts that, too commonly, end up passed on as fact. I still remember one year at the annual ILP conference being congratulated by someone for my recent marriage. This came somewhat as a surprise to me as I was neither engaged nor married. What did they know that I didn’t?!

Having worked both in the street lighting industry and the electric vehicle charging industry, it has become apparent to me there are a number of misconceptions circulating about both sectors. These are based on either old technology that has now been superseded or a misunderstanding of the application of certain industry rules.

There are a number of local authorities in which lighting column chargers account for over 70% of all public electric vehicle (EV) charge points.

This includes most of the London boroughs, notably the City of Westminster, Hammersmith & Fulham, Hounslow and Richmond. Looking outside of London, there is now a significant lighting column charging presence in Portsmouth, the Wirral and Brighton.

Yet our industry outside of these pockets appears to remain sceptical about the ability to use our fantastic national lighting infrastructure to help power the EV revolution. I’d argue it’s time for that to change.

Lighting columns, we all know, are valuable assets in the drive to create a zero-carbon, fully electrified transport future.

More than 30% of households do not have access to off-street parking, rising to 60% in urban areas – which means that, in the years to come, millions of cars will need to be charged in places other than on driveways.

All the evidence points to overnight domestic charging being drivers’ preferred choice of charging solution, which is probably a key reason why EV ownership is so much lower in those parts of the population without driveways.

It is self-evident that government, both

local and national, needs to find alternatives to address this socio-economic disparity.

Lighting columns can play a central part in solving this conundrum, especially as there are hundreds of thousands of them conveniently located in urban residential streets right outside houses without offstreet parking.

EV chargers powered from our street lighting network are low cost to install and use, present the lowest embodied carbon option, and ensure there is zero or minimal additional street clutter, whilst being quick and straightforward to install (30 minutes or less).

Furthermore, they enable residents to charge conveniently and affordably; they are the closest thing to an on-street ‘home charging’ solution.

Converting lighting columns to EV chargers will, I believe, significantly speed up the rollout of a national EV chargepoint network and help those residents parking on-street to make the switch to electric.

1.

Lighting columns offer all the power we need. Lighting column EV chargers are governed by utility company Elexon as part of the unmetered supply arrangements.

They are nationally approved and each charger contains a measuring device which records or calculates the energy consumption to an agreed level of accuracy.

Elexon has introduced a new class called ‘measured Central Management Systems’ (mCMS) specifically to deal with this technology and the current maximum load permitted using the unmetered settlement system is 25A which equates to around 5.5kW of power.

To put that in context, it is similar to a domestic charge point and only 1.5kW less than the maximum AC charge accepted by almost all EVs. An overnight charge will easily fill the vast majority of EV batteries and, therefore, it is easy to see why lighting columns are a perfect alternative to domestic off-street charging.

2.

Lighting columns can offer straightforward, swift installation. With the most up-to-date technology, it takes

THE CASE FOR COLUMN EV CHARGING

Let me now turn to why I believe lighting columns are so suitable for this transformational transition, one that we most definitely need to be embracing.

www.theilp.org.uk

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EV charging as little as 30 minutes to install an in-door charging unit to an existing column; including when moving it from one column to another.

This innovation, and a range of new products on offer, ensures no equipment needs to be installed inside the column, with everything housed in a new column door.

3.

Lighting columns have the potential to offer hassle-free EV charging.

Whilst it is always advisable to consult with your distribution network operator (DNO) regarding any largescale change to your connected equipment, lighting column chargers are approved nationally and do not require any specific permissions.

In practice, installing a lighting column EV charge-point on your network is much the same process as a resident having a home charger installed on their driveway.

The charge-point operator (CPO) – in other words a company such as ChargeLight – will have a formal process for notifying the applicable DNO of each charger they install.

Furthermore, they have their own connection agreement with the DNO, their own Half-Hourly MPAN (meter point administration number) and their own energy supply agreement (in our case at ChargeLight that is renewable).

For small-scale roll outs, installing a single charger on multiple streets will not have any impact on local network management.

This contrasts, however, with rapid chargers, which must carefully consider siting requirements in collaboration with the DNO because of their potential impact on the local grid.

The result is that local authorities do not have to carry out months/years of planning applications and liaison with DNOs to install the chargers.

www.theilp.org.uk

In turn, this ensures that residents have rapid access to an EV charging network, which is urgently needed as the pace of electric car sales increases.

THE CASE FOR IN-UNIT ‘PEN’ FAULT DETECTION

The start of this year (January 2022) saw a potential game-changer finally coming through in terms of protective multiple earthing (PME) supplies now being able to be used for on-street EV chargers. To explain this fully (and bear with me, it is convoluted), you have to go back two years to February 2020.

In that month, BS 7671:2018 The IET Wiring Regulations was updated, with the introduction of Amendment 1, which was designed to facilitate devices able to undertake broken neutral fault (PEN) fault detection [1].

Whilst there was some initial concern voiced about this from DNOs about how best to facilitate these devices on-street, which resulted in an ENA (Energy Networks Association) earthing working group being set up, it should be noted that the British Standards still take precedence. As an aside (and if it helps those who may be less familiar with these issues) the ENA is an industry body funded by DNOs. It looks after the codes the industry follows, which in this case includes EREC (Engineering Recommendation) G12, which governs connections.

Following this 2018 change, the DNO Western Power Distribution (WPD), which covers most of Wales, the Midlands and south west England, did its own in-depth research and carried out a number of industry consultations. The fact of it moving faster than the other DNOs meant it became the first formally to amend its connections policy to permit these new devices for use with PME supplies (in other words, for use in all connections, on-street or otherwise). PME connections for EV chargers have, as a result, now been permitted in the four WPD network areas for at least a year now (in fact if not now closer to two).

The ENA earthing working group carried out its own due diligence and also eventually approved these devices for use, recommending that energy regulator Ofgem approve changes to G12 back in 2021. There was a slight delay in this approval process as Ofgem expressed concern the proposed requirements inserted by the ENA into G12 fell outside its remit.

There was also a question around why these devices were already ‘permitted’ by DNOs for domestic and commercial use yet were being treated different for on-street.

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EV charging However, all this was worked through and, as of 17 January 2022, Ofgem approved DCRP/21/04 – Revision of Engineering Recommendation (EREC) G12 Issue 4 – Requirements for the Application of Protective Multiple Earthing to Low Voltage Networks [2].

This will see G12 being updated and the DNOs also formally amending their policies (with, of course, the exception of WPD as it has already done so). In short, the change means PME supplies can now be used for EV chargers – provided a device is used that detects a broken neutral fault (PEN) fault detection It should be noted that, in practice, experienced and competent designers have been using this technology for installing on-street chargers since 2020, as they have requirements to follow BS 7671. Furthermore, the requirement to achieve underground separation between TT and PME systems has been almost impossible to achieve on-street, so designers have had little choice but to use PME supplies with PEN devices, so as not to create a new TT ‘island’.

In fact, it is estimated there are some 300-400 lighting column chargers already using PME supplies around the UK with PEN devices, with a significant increase now planned. Going down this route significantly reduces costs by eliminating the need for expensive copper earth mats, so providing an even greater value-formoney option for local councils and national government providing critical infrastructure.

In addition, as well as solving the ‘TT islands surrounded by a PME sea’ issue, it further allows the lamp to retain its 6A BS fuse. This, in turn, has the advantage of meaning there is barely any nuisance tripping of the lamp, which was not necessarily the case under the TT arrangements.

Consequently, there are far fewer engineer call-outs – and so everyone is happy.

BACK-OF-FOOTWAY COLUMNS

Some say that lighting columns are unsuitable because so many are at the back of the footway. For me, however, the argument is more nuanced than that.

Firstly – and this should go without saying – it ought to be stressed that no CPO would install a charger on a lighting column situated at the back of the footway.

However, whilst it’s true many lighting columns on residential streets without offstreet parking are at the back of the footway, around 10%-20% of them are at the front of the footway.

This amounts to around 300,000 suitable columns nationwide (of the 6.5 million total), which would meet a sizeable portion of the country’s on-street residential charging needs far into the future.

Furthermore, columns at the back of the footway can still be used to feed a satellite bollard, which, in turn, can be sited at the front of the footway, so in an ideal location for charging. This remains a more cost-effective, lower-carbon and lower-street clutter solution to providing a new metered connection for a new dedicated charging pillar, and associated kit such as feeder pillar and signage post.

Finally, as columns are replaced, either individually or as part of a wider programme, local authorities can look to locate them in low-traffic, low-speed residential roads with limited off-street parking at the front of footpath to enable an efficient dual-use.

In conclusion, national and local EV charging strategies will always require a number of different solutions for the variety of charging use-cases, from delivery drivers and private hire drivers through to tourists and residents.

Rapid charging will increasingly be used by trade vehicles, such as taxis and commercial fleet vehicles, which need to charge on-the-go or drivers commuting long distances. Destination charging (for

[1] BS 7671:2018 The IET Wiring Regulations, https://electrical.theiet.org/bs-7671/ [2] Distribution Code DCRP/21/04 – Revision of Engineering Recommendation (EREC) G12 Issue 4, Ofgem, September 2020, https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/publications/distribution-code-dcrp2104-revision-engineering-recommendation-erec-g12-issue-4

www.theilp.org.uk

example at supermarkets) must also of course play its part, although the private sector does appear to be stepping up in this area.

That leaves residential charging, where every local authority, I’d argue, should be making the provision of affordable and convenient on-street EV charging a key part of its strategy.

It will enable and accelerate residents’ transition to EV, reduce emissions, ensure cleaner air in our towns and cities and, of course most important of all, help protect the plant from global warming.

James Everly is technical director at charge-point operator ChargeLight

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APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

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info@chargelight.co.uk | www.chargelight.co.uk | 03300 564 189

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SOCIALLY

SMART

‘LUCI’, Lighting Urban Community International Association, has published a new ‘white paper’ on smart cities. It emphasises that smart city ‘success’ means engaging with and taking on board social and community questions and concerns as much as focusing on overcoming technological challenges

By Nic Paton

T

he ILP is a member of ‘LUCI’, the Lighting Urban Community International Association. To that end, the recent publication by LUCI of a ‘white paper’ on smart lighting was one to sit up and take notice of.

The publication, A cities’ guide to smart lighting, has been co-written by LUCI and lighting designer Dr Philip Ross. Initiated

by LUCI and the Interreg North West Europe SMART-SPACE project, it is the result of a one-year collaboration involving in-depth interviews, a series of cocreation sessions, and consultation and engagement with LUCI members.

The guide, broadly, outlines reasons why smart lighting should be considered by cities, local authorities and municipalities and how it can contribute to a broad range of city priorities, including environmental sustainability, social cohesion, citizen value, the city’s internal organisation and so on.

It includes practical advice, including building the business case, organising expertise, conducting pilots, interoperability, citizen engagement, tendering and data management. One key innovation to the guide is the fact it approaches smart lighting not just from the technical/technological side but from its social/societal impact, too.

WHY SMART LIGHTING?

The guide is divided into two main sections. First, there is an element on ‘why smart lighting?’, so addressing the role and benefit of smart lighting in terms of social and environmental sustainability, organisational growth, maintenance and asset management, enabling new functionality, and (self-evidently) putting in place new lighting possibilities for cities and citizens.

It also, however, highlights potential reasons not to go smart. These include if,

for example, citizens or residents haven’t been brought along or engaged with you, the risks around data gathering and the sharing (even anonymised) of data, cybersecurity, lack of expertise and capacity.

The second section then expands into a series of more practical ‘how to?’ guides, covering areas such as building the business, social and sustainability case; exploring the best use and potential of your infrastructure; project management; and organising expertise, especially design expertise.

A number of case studies are highlighted, including the experience of Eindhoven, Helsinki, Budapest and the City of London. For example, the guide explains how Helsinki is installing protective tubes and micro-channel piping for optical fibre, designed to ‘future proof’ fast-growing demand for power and data, including 5G. Budapest, by comparison, is equipping selected luminaires with NEMA sockets,

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Smart cities

Rotterdam and (below) Helsinki by night. The LUCI guide highlights how how both cities are pioneering smart city connectivity

as part of a city street lighting renewal programme. These will give the city the possibility to add dimming and/or motion control modules at a future date.

The guide emphasises the importance of conducting and evaluating pilots, as well as learning from and sharing expertise with other cities. It also recommends choosing an open and interoperable technical infrastructure for any pilots, as this makes things easier to expand later on.

CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT

Given its social slant, it is perhaps unsurprising the guide emphasises the value of citizen engagement, communication and education.

This, it recommends, can include running ‘night walks’, using co-creation techniques and working to incorporate the experiences of citizens and residents into your project every step of the way.

It highlights the example of Rotterdam, which conducted surveys to compare

residents’ experiences of regular and detection-based dimming schemes in its Bredenoord district.

As the guide explains: ‘The results gave confidence that adaptive dimming, with its large energy saving potential, was accepted by residents and did not compromise their feeling of safety.’

Other areas covered by the guide include the critical need to be ensuring interoperability (including ensuring you build in hardware, software and network layers), being flexible in terms of the solutions you use, the value of using open standards, and the absolute importance of effective data management, including the need for robust cybersecurity.

Intriguingly, the guide also includes a section on the value of tendering for social sustainability, and how this is becoming an increasingly important part of many tendering strategies.

For this, it highlights the example of the city of Albertslund near Copenhagen,

which required the involvement of teachers and pupils in the tender for an interactive playground.

As the guide explains: ‘The winning company had described how it would facilitate a workshop with the pupils to determine the “theme” of the lighting and how they would approach user involvement in general.’

The city also established a citizen group of 42 ‘lighting ambassadors’ to better involve citizens in the decision-making process.

‘For each residential area they discussed the payment model, luminaire selection, dimming, roll-out strategy, development and innovation projects, and Smart City elements,’ the guide explains.

‘These citizen insights were incorporated in the tenders. They also led to a framework agreement and gave citizens a say in the further implementation of the projects,’ the guide adds.

FIND OUT MORE

The full LUCI guide, scan the QR code below:

www.theilp.org.uk

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Throughout 2022, Lighting Journal is profiling inspirational women working in lighting and this month it is the turn of lighting designer Sunny Sribanditmongkol, who is also the architectural representative for the ILP’s Young Lighting Professionals (YLP). She tells us about her route into lighting and the opportunities the industry has given her

By Sunny Sribanditmongkol

TELL US ABOUT YOURSELF

I’m currently a lighting designer at Steensen Varming in its London studio and I’m originally from Thailand. After graduating in mechanical engineering and a couple of years working in the oil and gas industry, I found myself looking to make a move into a career where I would genuinely enjoy and care about the work I do.

So, I started looking into a profession that awards technical aptitude as well as creativity and aesthetics. And, at an intersection between art and science, I found lighting!

I then started researching lighting practices in Bangkok and found that many of their directors graduated from The Bartlett, University College London, so I applied to the lighting course there.

While preparing for the application, I did a part-time certificate lighting course while I was still working offshore to make sure that this was something I would like to pursue. Then I did an internship at a production and event lighting company in Bangkok before coming to the UK to do my master’s in Light and Lighting at UCL.

hospitality, light art installation, public realm, to museums, churches and hospitals!

I did think about whether to specialise in specific types of projects, but I find that being flexible to deliver the design for a variety of projects is a challenge I enjoy and a skill I would like to build upon.

I think this skill is also important in the current economic climate where you have to be adaptable and competent to do the work coming through the project pipeline.

WHO HAS BEEN AN INSPIRATION TO YOU IN YOUR CAREER?

All the women who have done it before me!

This is not for lighting in particular; for example, I liked Marie Curie when I was young and this made me interested in

science subjects. I chose to study engineering out of curiosity and chose lighting after a bit of career soul searching.

IS THERE A PROJECT YOU ARE MOST PROUD OF?

I am proud of all the projects I’ve worked on, especially if I have learned something from the projects or they have helped me grow in some ways.

With my previous office (Studio 29 Lighting), I did lighting design for Ilona Rose House, just off Tottenham Court Road Station in London (next to the Foyles’ bookshop).

It was my first large-scale project that I was responsible for overseeing from design to construction.

I learnt a lot from that project especially

TELL US ABOUT YOUR WORK

I am grateful that my career has allowed me to work on so many beautiful spaces and iconic buildings across all sectors, from heritage building, commercial and office development, high-end residences,

Sunny Sribanditmongkol (left) was inspired to go down the scientific/engineering career path by the example of Marie Curie (right)

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Women in lighting in regards to the construction process and technicality during the implementation stage. At Steensen Varming, we do a lot of public building projects, such as museums and churches, including the National Cathedral in Ghana.

It is rewarding when you know your design could be experienced by members of the public and will benefit local communities.

WHAT DO YOU FEEL IS THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE YOU HAVE OVERCOME IN YOUR CAREER?

My biggest challenge has been to find confidence in myself, especially when I just started in lighting; everyone has to start somewhere.

I find that having the knowledge and the competency can help boost your confidence along with experiences which you will gather over time. With that in mind, I try to keep educating myself and making sure that I learned something on every project I work on, so my experience is not just a matter of time but also in richness.

HOW DOES LIGHT INSPIRE YOU?

For me, quality of light means quality of life. I don’t mean this in a cause-and-effect kind of way but rather the one is a reflection of another.

Daylight provides the best quality of light. It improves our mood and our wellbeing. We all desire a house with plenty of daylight.

Similarly, during night-time, good-quality lighting provides a better environment, which leads to better wellbeing and possibly indicates better quality of life one has in general.

So I feel that, by promoting good-quality lighting and spreading the awareness around, we, in a way, are helping improve people’s lives bit by bit.

WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER IS STILL A BARRIER, IF ANYTHING, FOR WOMEN IN LIGHTING

I haven’t experienced major barriers apart from odd remarks here and there when I was still working offshore.

So, I would say the biggest barriers might actually be the ones we tell ourselves. I think if we truly believe this is where we belong, that we are competent and we are the right person for the job (no matter how tempted we might want to tell ourselves otherwise), we give ourselves that best chance of having a good rapport with our male counterparts.

The trust and confidence we have in ourselves will reflect in the way we

Sunny designed this spectacular installation for the 2018 LewesLight festival (and which appeared on the cover of Lighting Journal in April 2019). Photograph courtesy of Edward Reeves

interact with other people and the way we carry ourselves.

WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO YOUR YOUNGER SELF ABOUT WHAT IS POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE IN LIGHTING?

I think in lighting, to a certain degree, you can have a certain steering control over which way you would like your career to be and what kind of projects you would like to work on.

So, if you want to do more infrastructure projects, there are lighting engineering firms that specialise in that. Or, similarly, if want to focus on hospitality lighting, residential, commercial or light art installation and so on.

There are different design studios or companies that specialise in each of these things. Or you can choose to work for a company that does everything. Or you could even take on the projects by yourself. There are so many possibilities of how you want your career to be!

HOW HAS THE ILP HELPED YOU IN YOUR LIGHTING ‘JOURNEY’?

The ILP has introduced me to many interesting people within the industry and we are all passionate about our professions.

As the architectural representative of the YLP, I have also had a chance to represent the ILP and YLP and give talks at industry events such as the Landscape Show and the Surface Design Show.

WHAT WOULD BE YOUR MESSAGE TO OTHER WOMEN IN, OR WANTING TO GET INTO, LIGHTING?

Come join us and I am looking forward to meeting you! We are a friendly and sociable industry.

Throughout your career, you will get to work on many amazing buildings that are made even more special through the touch of lighting.

You will also get to work with other professions in the construction industry (or whichever relevant industries you find yourself in) and see the thoughts that go into the creations of great buildings and placemaking.

I am sure you would be proud to be a part of that.

Sunny Sribanditmongkol is a lighting designer with Steensen Varming and an architectural representative of the YLP

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www.theilp.org.uk

56

APRIL 2022 LIGHTING JOURNAL

Letter to the editor

‘I ALSO DISLIKE

SATURATED

COLOURS’ I

n relation to Aviva Gunsburg’s recent article in Lighting Journal (shown above), I can assure her there are plenty of ‘neurotypical’ people who dislike saturated colours on building façades (‘Neuro logical’, February 2022, vol 87 no 2).

When colour-changing LEDs became readily available about 25 years ago, it was such a contentious issue that the ILP even ran a conference in London to discuss it, very appropriately called, if I recall right, ‘Beauty or Blight’ and held at Artemide’s showroom.

Personally, I am a ‘white light’ designer, albeit sometimes using contrasting CCTs or shadows for emphasis. www.theilp.org.uk

Also, well done to NDYLight in Australia for seeing the positive aspects of Aviva’s personality rather than just the superficial.

It seems to me that there are plenty of lighting design practices who employ people with the right ‘look’ rather being genuinely creative/innovative.

VALUE OF ‘FALLING’ INTO LIGHTING

On a completely different topic, I would also like to comment on skills and training, picking up on the article in (again) the February edition looking at the recent Institution of Engineering and Technology’s skills survey (‘Talking talent’).

It seems to me that the best training route for entry into lighting would be non-university ones, such as BTEC and/or apprenticeships.

The LET diploma in lighting design has most of the content you will ever need to know on a day-to-day basis.

Personally, I have never been convinced that lighting can justify its own degree.

When the current older members of the ILP first started their careers, maybe only 5% to 10% of school leavers went to university.

One final point is that maybe there is an advantage in having a profession that people fall into.

I’m in that category – I passed a technical college that was advertising vacancies for the City & Guilds 286 ‘Illuminating

engineering’ course and simply thought the topics sounded really interesting.

Much more so than my job at that time operating mainframe computers.

The advantage of ‘falling in’ being that lighters are therefore usually interested and enthusiastic about their work for most of their lives. And you can’t say that about many professions.

Alan Tulla is an independent lighting consultant

SEND US YOUR VIEWS

Do you have a burning issue or opinion you want to get off your chest, a commentary or perspective on the industry, or even just a personal viewpoint you’d like to share?

At Lighting Journal we’re always open to hear your views.

I you want to send a letter to the editor, simply email Nic Paton at nic@cormorantmedia.co.uk to get things underway.

Letters may be edited for length and style purposes and publication is not guaranteed.

APRIL 2022

LIGHTING JOURNAL The Institution of Lighting Professionals is pleased to announce the return of the:

Professional Lighting Summit 2022 Two days of inspiring CPD sessions and sponsored workshops for everyone in the lighting community along with great networking and an engaging exhibition.

21 and 22 June at Watershed, Bristol

All welcome Latest event updates will be posted regularly at: www.theilp.org.uk/summit Any queries? Please contact the ILP on 01788 576492

www.theilp.org.uk

57

LIGHTING CONSULTANTS

This directory gives details of suitably qualified, individual members of the Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) who offer consultancy services

HERBIE BARNIEH

ROSS GILL

PROJECT CENTRE

4WAY CONSULTING LTD

BEng IEng MILP

1 AMERICA SQUARE, LONDON, EC3N 2LS T: 0330 135 8950, 077954 75570 HERBIE.BARNIEH@PROJECTCENTRE.CO.UK

WWW.MARSTONHOLDINGS.CO.UK/PROJECTCENTRE Efficient, innovative, and bespoke lighting design services from an award winning consultancy.

Experienced in delivering exterior lighting projects from feasibility studies to post construction.

Whether it’s highway, street, or public realm lighting, let us assist you to realise your project goals.

STOCKPORT, SK4 1AS T: 0161 4809847 E: ROSS.GILL@4WAYCONSULTING.COM

WWW.4WAYCONSULTING.COM Providing exterior lighting and ITS consultancy and design services and specialising in the urban and inter-urban environment.

Our services span the complete project life cycle for both the public and private sector.

ANDREW LONGMAN

BEng (Hons), CEng, MILP, MIET, MHEA -Managing Director

DESIGNS FOR LIGHTING LTD

WINCHESTER SO23 7TA T: +44 (0)1962 855080 M: +44 (0)7779 327413 E: ANDREW@DFL-UK.COM

WWW.DFL-UK.COM

Professional lighting design consultancy offering technical advice, design and management services for exterior/interior applications for highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting.

Advisors on lighting and energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

STEVEN BIGGS

STEPHEN HALLIDAY

ANTHONY SMITH

MILESTONE INFRASTRUCTURE

WSP

STAINTON LIGHTING DESIGN SERVICES LTD

EngTech AMILP

IEng MILP

MANCHESTER M50 3SP T: 0161 886 2532 E: STEPHEN.HALLIDAY@WSPGROUP.COM

PETERBOROUGH PE1 5XG T: 07834 506705 STEVEN.BIGGS@MILESTONEINFRA.CO.UK

MILESTONEINFRA.CO.UK

Award winning lighting design specialists, delivering innovative design, installation and maintenance solutions in highways, public realm, commercial and architectural environments.

Our HERS registered team provide design strategies, impact assessment, technical & certifier support.

BONNIE BROOKS

BA(Hons) BEng (Hons) MSc CEng MSLL MCIBSE MILP

WWW.WSPGROUP.COM

Public and private sector professional services providing design, technical support, contract and policy development for all applications of exterior lighting and power from architectural to sports, area and highways applications.

PFI technical advisor and certifier support, HERS registered personnel.

STOCKTON ON TEES TS23 1PX T: 01642 565533, E: ENQUIRIES@STAINTONLDS.CO.UK

WWW.STAINTONLDS.CO.UK

Specialist in: motorway, highway schemes, illumination of buildings, major structures, public artworks, amenity area lighting, public spaces, car parks, sports lighting, asset management, reports, plans, assistance, maintenance management, electrical design and communication network design. Registered personnel.

STEPHEN HIGHAM

NICK SMITH

SHD LIGHTING CONSULTANCY LTD

NICK SMITH ASSOCIATES LIMITED

IEng MILP

ILLUME DESIGN LTD

IEng FILP

IEng FILP MIES

CHESTERFIELD, S40 3JR T: 01246 229444 E: MAIL@NICKSMITHASSOCIATES.COM

EXETER EX4 1NF T: 07840 054601, E: INFO@ILLUME-DESIGN.CO.UK

BOLTON BL2 6SE M: 07834 490 192 E: STEVE@SHDLIGHTING.CO.UK

WWW.ILLUME-DESIGN.CO.UK

WWW.SHDLIGHTING.CO.UK

WWW.NICKSMITHASSOCIATES.CO.UK

SIMON BUSHELL

ALLAN HOWARD

ALAN TULLA

ENERVEO

WSP

ALAN TULLA LIGHTING

Professional independent lighting design consultancy providing designs for all exterior applications, including street lighting. Specialists in assisting at the planning application stage with designs, strategies, lighting impact assessments, and expert witness, with a focus on mitigating ecological and environmental impacts.

MBA DMS IEng MILP

Outdoor lighting consultancy specialising in adoptable highway and private lighting designs.

Our services include Section 38, Section 278, Car Park lighting designs, Commercial floodlighting schemes and environmental impact lighting assessment reporting. Qualified design team with 24 years’ experience in exterior lighting.

BEng(Hons) CEng FILP FSLL

PORTSMOUTH PO6 1UJ M: +44 (0)7584 313990 T: +44 (0)121 387 9892 E: SIMON.BUSHELL@ENERVEO.COM

LONDON WC2A 1AF T: 07827 306483 E: ALLAN.HOWARD@WSPGROUP.COM

WWW.ENERVEO.COM

WWW.WSPGROUP.COM

Specialist exterior lighting consultant.

Private and adopted lighting and electrical design for highways, car parks, area and sports lighting.

Lighting Impact assessments, expert witness and CPD accredited Lighting design AutoCAD and Lighting Reality training courses.

IEng FILP FSLL

WINCHESTER, SO22 4DS T: 01962 855720 M:0771 364 8786 E: ALAN@ALANTULLALIGHTING.COM

Professional artificial and daylight lighting services covering design, technical support, contract and policy development including expert advice and analysis to develop and implement energy and carbon reduction strategies. Expert witness regarding obtrusive lighting, light nuisance and environmental impact investigations. registered personnel.

WWW.ALANTULLALIGHTING.COM

LORRAINE CALCOTT

ALAN JAQUES

MICHAEL WALKER

IT DOES LIGHTING LTD

ATKINS

MCCANN LTD

Professional consultancy from the UK’s and Irelands largest external lighting contractor.

From highways and tunnels, to architectural and public spaces our electrical and lighting designers also provide impact assessments, lighting and carbon reduction strategies along with whole installation packages.

IEng MILP IALD MSLL ILA BSS

IEng FILP

THE CUBE, 13 STONE HILL, TWO MILE ASH, MILTON KEYNES, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, MK8 8DN T: 01908 560110 E: INFORMATION@ITDOES.CO.UK

NOTTINGHAM, NG9 2HF T: +44 (0)115 9574900 M: 07834 507070 E: ALAN.JAQUES@ATKINSGLOBAL.COM

Site surveys of sports pitches, road lighting and offices.

Architectural lighting for both interior and exterior.

Visual Impact Assessments for planning applications.

Specialises in problem solving and out-of-the-ordinary projects.

IEng MILP CMS

NOTTINGHAM NG9 6DQ M: 07939 896887 E: M.WALKER@JMCCANN.CO.UK

WWW.ITDOES.CO.UK

WWW.ATKINSGLOBAL.COM

WWW.MCCANN-LTD.CO.UK

MARK CHANDLER

PATRICK REDMOND

PETER WILLIAMS

Award winning lighting design practice specialising in interior, exterior, flood and architectural lighting.

Emphasis on section 278/38, public realm, ecology receptor mitigation and supporting Councils with planning approvals, CDM2015 and SBD accredited.

Specialists in circadian spectrally specific lighting design.

EngTech AMILP

HDip Bus, EngTech AMILP, AMSLL, Tech IEI

MMA LIGHTING CONSULTANCY LTD

REDMOND ANALYTICAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD.

READING RG10 9QN T: 0118 3215636 E: MARK@MMA-CONSULTANCY.CO.UK

WWW.MMA-CONSULTANCY.CO.UK

Professional consultancy providing technical advice, design and management services for exterior and interior applications including highway, architectural, area, tunnel and commercial lighting.

Advisors on energy saving strategies, asset management, visual impact assessments and planning.

Exterior lighting consultant’s who specialise in all aspects of street lighting design, section 38’s, section 278’s, project management and maintenance assistance.

We also undertake lighting appraisals and environmental lighting studies

Design for all types of exterior lighting including street lighting, car parks, floodlighting, decorative lighting, and private lighting. Independent advice regarding light trespass, carbon reduction and invest to save strategies.

Asset management, data capture, inspection and testing services available.

EngTech AMILP

WILLIAMS LIGHTING CONSULTANTS LTD.

M: + 353 (0)86 2356356 E: PATRICK@REDMONDAMS.IE

BEDFORD, MK41 6AG T: 0 16 0 8 6 4 2 5 3 0 E: PETER.WILLIAMS@WLCLIGHTING.CO.UK

WWW.REDMONDAMS.IE

WWW.WLCLIGHTING.CO.UK

Independent expert lighting design services for all exterior and interior lighting applications. We provide sustainable lighting solutions and associated electrical designs. Our services include PSDP for lighting projects, network contractor auditing, and GPS site surveys for existing installations.

Specialists in the preparation of quality and effective street lighting design solutions for Section 38, Section 278 and other highway projects. We also prepare lighting designs for other exterior applications. Our focus is on delivering solutions that provide best value.

Neither Lighting Journal nor the ILP is responsible for any services supplied or agreements entered into as a result of this listing

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