THE LEAFLET volume 2 issue 5 dec. 12, 2014
Color saturates creativity image by lauren glynn
color issue THIS MONTH:
P2: The perfect color for your car P3: Colors found in famous logos P6: Why green and gold are SHS’ colors P8: Relationship between color and music P12: Trending colors in fashion P16: Eye colors and their meanings P18: A different world of color for animals P19: Ancient colors vs. modern P22: Effects of color blindness
The true definition of a color is the property possessed by an object when producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way the object reflects or emits light. Color is in everything. We find it at school, at home and even associate it with mood. Every color means something specific and we felt that it was important to share that with our readers. We decided on the idea of color because it is such a dimensional topic. To cover as many aspects as possible, we divided the issue into different subcategories of color. Throughout the issue, readers will find that there are more to colors than just the primary ones we learn in elementary school. We hope that the Color Issue gives individuals motivation for the upcoming holiday season whether it be shopping for presents or just decorating the house. Without color, the holiday season would be extremely bland and pale, so take time to
spread the love and color! Color keeps people stable and content, so using color through the time of exams is also going to be helpful. Knowing the psychology behind color will only better the reader as he or she attempts to proceed through the school year and then life itself.
Lauren Glynn
leaflet editor-in-chief
The Leaflet, the official web news-magazine of Sycamore High School, serves as an educational tool in the training of student journalists. We provide information and editorial leadership concerning school, national and world issues. We also provide a public forum for the exchange of ideas and viewpoints and give coverage to newsworthy events directly related to our diverse school population. These viewpoints are purely from the staff of The Leaflet, and not the administration.
The Leaflet Sycamore High School 7400 Cornell Road Cincinnati, OH 45242
Leaflet Editor-in-Chief: Lauren Glynn Print Editors-in-Chief: Atiya Dosani, Lauren Saxon Web Editor-in-Chief: Kathryn Tenbarge Associate Editors: Joseph Ahn, Madeline Marsh, Anna Zhou Managing Editors: Abbey Baker, Isaac Goldstein Creative Projects: Joseph Ahn, Taylor Evans, Hannah Frey, Elizabeth Rickert, Orion Schlosser, Zoe Schlosser Business Manager: Caroline Gao Web Master: Eli Seidman-Deutsch Assignment Editors: Lila Englander, Brenda Shen Broadcast Editor-in-Chief: Sarah Horne, Victoria Swart, Ben Young
Staff Writers Jordan Baker Jenna Bao Natalie Brinkman Caroline Bruns Ben BrynjulfsonReardon Emily Chien Adhiti Chundur Taylor Close Benjamin Cohen William Coleman Amy Deng Meghan DiGiovanna Jake Englander Sydney Evans Max Fritzhand Zachary Fritzhand Meredith Gottliebson Charles Harte Rujula Kapoor Emilie King Riley Kurtz Lauren Kurtzer Brooke Landrum
Claire Lefton Beverly Liu Jack Loon Melinda Looney-Ho Harsimran Makkad Ellen Martinson Ethan May Hannah May Zachary Milliken Joshua Patterson Esther Pittinger Anthony Popenoe Benjamin Ruskin Madeline Schramm Lauren Shassere Luke Tenbarge Max Torem Emily Tyler Leah Wallihan Kamaria Walton David Wertheim Alex Wittenbaum Neil Yejjey Elijah Zawatsky Nathan Zhang
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
Most popular car color of people own 23% white cars
If you have a white car it means you like to present yourself as a fresh, young, modern individual to the others. You are also clean and presentable. If you have a blue car, you are a stable and nice person. Blue indicates an honest and truthful individual who is kind and open to helping others.
A silver car represents a hard worker and someone dedicated to the idea of success. You are a leader and strive to be the best. In addition, it represents high class.
what does your
car color
say about you?
Red cars represent individuals that thrive on attention. If you own a red car, you work to declare yourself as an individual. You love being around others.
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Black cars are a sign of luxury. It represents a classy, confident individual. If you have a black car, you fear little and go with what comes to you. You are also open to change.
RESEARCH BY Jordan Baker INFORMATION COURTESY FOXBUSINESS.COM
Gray cars are the fourth most popular car in the United States. If you have a gray car, you are less worried and concerned with your own status than the status quo and how society is.
If you have a yellow car, you embody happiness and a carefree attitude. You are positive and always encourage others to work hard and well.
If you own a green car, you are involved and caring. You care about the environment and also about others. You like being free and also having a good time.
[ THE LEAFLET ]
Battle for the colors Is color the next endangered species? Picking the right color for a company is an extremely important process that can assure the success - or failure - of an entrepreneurship. More often than not, colors are how you recognize and associate products to that brand. For example, various hues can, today, be described as Coca-Cola
Red, Starbucks Green, or Gap Blue. As this emphasis of color expands, numerous “color� trademark infringement lawsuits have emerged involving companies and their logos. Designers now fear that companies will run out of available colors on the color spectrum (distinguishable by human vision).
R
R
R
R R
R
R
R
R
R R
R R
R R
R
R
R R R
iMAge By joseph ahn reseaRch by Meghan DiGiovanna INFORMATION COURTESY BUZZFEED
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
The Meaning confused nervous
aggravated upset
interested surprised
concerned anxious
frustrated
intrigued
startled mesmerized
afraid
amazed worried
irate
fixated awed
frantic bitter
astonished
excited
terrified
hysterical
$ Red is a very emotionally intense color. It enhances human metabolism, increases respiration rate, and raises blood pressure. It has very high visibility, which is why stop signs, stoplights, and fire equipment are usually painted red.
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Orange is the forgotten middle child of the color spectrum. When asked, most people either love or hate the color orange. Orange is known to make people cheerful. Orange can draw in shoppers to buy products with orange on them.
Bringing an optimistic, cheerful feeling, yellow is the color known to release Serotonin, a chemical in our brains to make us feel good. Like the other warm colors, yellow, orange, and red are associated with warmth and cheerfulness.
Connected with along with brow an earthier colo to be soothing, easy on the eye rooms� are oft in waiting roo backstage for
[ THE LEAFLET ]
Of Color calm
distracted
bored
content
jolly satisfied
cranky disappointed
giddy
disbelief distaste
happy
irritated
disdain
enthusiastic
sad
apathetic contemptuous
thrilled
grief
distraught despair
exuberant obsessed
h nature, wn, green is or. Known calm, and es, “green ten used oms and r actors.
loathing enraged
Having a calming and refreshing effect, blue is also associated with creativity, water, and loyalty. Since it is linked to calmness, it elicits a sense of stability and trustworthiness.
The color of royalty., many monarchs in Rome wore the color purple, because it represents wealth and power. Like the rest of the cool colors, purple is associated with calmness, and also sometimes sadness.
Known as a bold, authoritative color, black on the lighter side, is connected with knowledge, intelligence, and sophistication. However it is often associated with evil, and oppression. IMAGE By ZOE Schlosser research by meredith gottliebson and emily tyler INFORMATION COURTESY JOHNBONADIES.COM
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
WHEN I SAY g re e n, YO U SAY g o l d Our first high school, currently the junior high school, was built on land that used to belong to the airport. The lot contained a grove of Sycamore trees, and the high school was to be built among those trees. The colors green and gold originate from the unique coloring of the bark on the Sycamore trees located on that lot.
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green
yellow
Green is associated with growth, harmony, freshness, safety.
Yellow is associated with happiness, intellect and energy
IMAGE BY BRENDA SHEN RESEARCH BY HANNAH MAY INFORMATION COURTESY WWW.MHSAA.COM
[ THE LEAFLET ]
Words Associated with Color
Orange
The color orange radiates warmth and happiness, combining the physical energy and stimulation of red with the cheerfulness of yellow. It supposedly offers emotional strength in difficult times.
P
e l p r u
d e R
G re e n
Green is the color of balance and harmony. It is the great equalizer of the heart and the emotions, creating equilibrium between the head and the heart. Green is also the color of growth, the color of spring, of renewal and rebirth.
Purple combines the calm stability of blue and the fierce energy of red. It often uplifts the spirits, calms the mind and nerves, enhances the sacred, overall creating feelings of spirituality. It also increases nurturing tendencies and sensitivity, and encouraging imagination and creativity.
Red is hot. It is a strong color that conjures up a range of seemingly conflicting emotions from passionate love to violence and warfare.
Blue
Blue gives a feeling of distance. This is a good way to understand the energy of the color blue - it allows us to look beyond and increase our perspective outward. It contains a cool vibration that is helpful to communication.
IMAGE By ZOE Schlosser reseaRch by MELINDA LOONEY INFORMATION COURTESY JOHNBONADIES.COM
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
music and color How are color and music related? This question has been discussed for hundreds of years by history’s most prestigious and curious minds. Plato, a Greek philosopher and mathematician, linked music notes to specific colors. Aristotle, a Greek scientist, suggested that there was a connection between the harmony of colors and the harmony of music intervals. Isaac Newton, a physicist, investigated the spectrum of light and linked the colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet to the interval tones minor third, fourth, fifth, major sixth, minor seventh and octave.
minor t hird
minor fourt h
minor fift h
major s ixt h
minor s event h
oct ave
Newton came up with his own color wheel in 1704. He included music notes correlated with color beginning with red and ending with violet. He started with the music note D and ended with the octave of D. His color wheel represents the spectrum of light and the colors of the rainbow.
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
chrome st he s ia
n. a form of synesthesia when there is an association of sounds with colors What is synesthesia? It is defined as a neurological phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. One type of synesthesia is chromesthesia, the association of sounds with colors. For some, everyday sounds can trigger seeing colors. For others, colors are provoked when musical notes or specific keys are played. Chromosthesia is compared to the act of seeing fireworks. Because an abundance of sounds coming in at once can create a commotion of colors. Individuals who have chromesthesia rarely agree on what a color a specific sound might arouse. It is an effortless experience for people who have this ability, it is something that comes naturally that they cannot turn off.
music genres
as s ociat ed with color
reggae
jazz
s oft rock
rock
country
pop
R&B
hip hop
IMAGE By ORION Schlosser reseaRch by ORION SCHLOSSER INFORMATION COURTESY HUFFINGTON POST
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
COLOR T
a quick refer SUBTRACTIVE
CMYK
CREATED WITH INK; START WITH WHITE, ADD COLOR
COLOR TYPES
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
, M R
A
V C TI
E
PRIMARY
2 10
ROYALTY, POWER, NOBILITY, WEALTH, AMBITION, DIGNIFIED, MYSTERIOUS
WARM, STIMULATING, ENTHUSIASM, HAPPINESS, SUCCESS, CREATIVE, AUTUMN
SKY, SEA, DEPTH, STABILITY, TRUST, MASCULINE, TRANQUIL
INTENSE, FIRE AND BLOOD, ENERGY, WAR, DANGER, LOVE, PASSIONATE, STRONG
ANALOGOUS
WA COMPLEMENTARY
[ THE LEAFLET ]
THEORY
rence sheet CO
RGB
ADDITIVE
CREATED WITH LIGHT; START WITH BLACK, ADD COLOR
OL
, S PA
SIV
E
COLOR RELATIONSHIP
MONOCHROMATIC
SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY
ANALOGOUS
TRIAD
COMPLEMENTARY
DOUBLE COMPLEMENTARY
TERMS
CHROMA: How pure a hue is in relation to gray SATURATION: The degree of purity of a hue
INTENSITY: The brightness or dullness of a hue
SUNSHINE, JOY, CHEERFULNESS, INTELLECT, ENERGY, ATTENTIONGETTER
LUMINANCE/VALUE: A measure of the amount of light reflected from a hue SHADE: A hue produced by the addition of black TINT: A hue produced by the addition of white
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iMAge By LAUREN GLYNN AND ELI Seidman-Deutsch reseaRch by LAUREN GLYNN INFORMATION COURTESY BUZZFEED
[ THE LEAFLET ]
Colors in Fashion Aquamarine: Airy blue with a dreamy feel. Cool and calming, wet and watery feel. Acts as a stress reducer.
Lucite Green:
Soothing green shade. Fresh and clarifying, cool and refreshing. Light in weight and tone.
Custard:
Delicious and delectable yellow. Sweet and sunny, has a cheering tone, pleasant relaxation and comfort. Conveys soft and mellow warmth.
Tangerine:
Spontaneous and gregarious, juicy orange shade that is energizing but not jarring to the eye. Very versatile.
Toasted almond: Sun-tanned neutral, brings comforting warmth. Timeless and versatile, speaks to authenticity and all that is natural.
Strawberry ice:
Cool and refreshing. Subtle and charming, confection color emitting a flattering and healthy glow.
Marsala:
Sensual and bold, exuding confidence and stability, feeding the mind and soul. Conveys warmth and richness while grounding redbrown roots to a sophisticated, natural earthiness.
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IMAGE BY hannah frey RESEARCH BY amy deng INFORMATION COURTESY PANTONE FASHION
[ THE LEAFLET ]
Fun Facts about Color 1 2 3 4 5
Men and women see the color red very differently. There’s a specific gene that allows us to see and interpret the color red. Women have two X chromosomes, while men only possess one. Because the particular “red-seeing gene” sits on the X chromosome, it only makes sense that women would have a full understanding of the red spectrum.
Silver can save your life. Silver-colored cars are least likely to be involved in an auto accident, since they are most visible on the road and in low light. This, coupled with lower insurance rates and the silver color’s ability to maintain a look of cleanliness, silver manifests itself as a sure win.
Pink soothes the nerves. Pink is the palliative color, commonly used to splash the walls in prisons and mental health care facilities to assist in subduing those who are out of control.
Bright colors will win you friends. Colors are responsible for 62-90% of our first impressions of one another. That means that if you prefer black and neutrals to violets and oranges, it might be time to add a little color to a bland wardrobe to make a better overall impression.
Blue is the most common favorite color. Blue is the most favored color in the world, with purple being a distant second. A whopping forty percent of people worldwide would choose blue as their favorite color in playtime poll booth, with purple-lovers lagging way behind at fourteen percent.
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Colors can be frightening. Chromophobia (also known as Chromatophobia) is the rare,
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Yellow can cause hunger. Yellow and orange are recommended for use in kitchens, as
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persistent, irrational fear of colors. Some people who have this disorder will react strongly to certain shades or tones, while others will try to avoid color altogether.
they are known appetite stimulators.
Color is an imaginary friend. Technically, it is all in our heads: color does not exist at all. It is something created by our brains as a side-effect, when it desperately tries to make sense of the overwhelming amount of information it receives from the outer world.
Color wheels are the best thing since the wheel. Invented in 1666 by Sir Isaac Newton,
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the color wheel is by far the best tool to date to help us comprehend the colors that we see. Once we grasp how the color wheel arranges the primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, we can better understand “harmonies”, or how and why certain colors complement one another.
Ground up mummy remains go best with crimson. Authentic mummy pigment was
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produced all the way up until the early 20th century, when finally the supply of available mummy remains was exhausted. Though no longer containing the remnants of mummified corpses, the color “Mummy Brown” can still be found today. IMAGE By zoe schlosser reseaRch by hannah frey INFORMATION COURTESY HUFFINGTON POST
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
Black
Brown
Colors by Red
Orange
Western Intimidation Death Mourning
Practicality Comfort Stability
Love Danger Action
Harvest Warmth Affordable
Far Easter Health Prosperity Stability
Earth Industry Mourning
Prosperity Good Fortune Vitality
Happiness Spirituality Adaptability
Indian Cu Evil Darkness Negativity
Mourning
Beauty Wealth Power
Sacred Courage Love
Middle East Mystery Mourning Rebirth
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Harmony Earth Comfort
Danger Caution Evil
Mourning Loss
[ THE LEAFLET ]
Culture Yellow
Green
Purple
Blue
Luck Jealousy Greed
Royalty Spirituality Wealth
Depression Trust Calm
Culture Happiness Joy Caution
rn Culture Masculinity Sacred Royalty
Fertility Hope Life
Wealth Privilege Spirituality
Femininity Healthy Relaxation
Hope Harvest Virtue
Sorrow Comfort Nobility
Sports Strength
Wealth Virtue Royalty
Mourning Heaven Spirituality
ulture Sacred Auspicious
tern Culture Happiness Prosperity Mourning
Strength Fertility Hope
IMAGE By HANNAH FREY AND LAUREN GLYNN reseaRch by HARSIMRAN MAKKAD INFORMATION COURTESY EMPOWER WITH CULTURE
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green blue eye color amber silver hazel [ THE LEAFLET ]
silver
brown
what does it say about you?
The most common eye color in the world is brown. Brown refers to a light to medium shade of brown. People with brown eyes are attractive and confident. Brown eyed individuals are independent, polite, caring, and love making new friends.
Brown eyes are the most common eye color in the world
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Individuals with blue eyes are considered refreshing and lively. Blue eyed people are peaceful, smart, kind, and full of life. Along with that, they are also very energetic. People will go the extra mile to make sure that everyone is happy.
Blue eyes are formed by the absence of pigments in the eyes
Children are born with nonpigmented eyes, which means that all children are born with blue eyes. As the child develops, the cells begin to produce melanin which eventually determines the final color of the eyes. As a general rule, brown eyes tend to be dominant and blue eyes are recessive. IMAGE BY ORION SCHLOSSER RESEARCH BY ORION SCHLOSSER INFORMATION COURTESY MIND UNLEASHED
Green eyes are always like a breath of fresh air and rejuvenation. People with green eyes are like a gust of strong winds. They are mysterious, intelligent, and always curious. They are always ready to live life big and bold.
Green eyes are the rarest color found around the world
Hazel eyes are elegant and people with them are fun loving, and always up for an adventure. They like to go with the flow and can easily adapt to any situation that they are presented with. They are brave and courageous.
Hazel eyes are a mixture of brown and green with a yellow tint
[ THE LEAFLET ]
COLOR OF THE YEAR
Marsala Equally appealing to men and women, Marsala is a stirring and flavorful shade for apparel and accessories, one that encourages color creativity and experimentation.
Flattering against many skin tones, sultry and subtle Marsala is a great go-to color for beauty, providing enormous highlight for the cheek, and a captivating pop of color for nails, shadows, lips and hair.
An earthy shade with a bit of sophistication, texture is the story in print and packaging. A matte finish highlights Marsala’s organic nature while adding a sheen conveys a completely different message of glamour and luxury.
Much like the fortified wine that gives Marsala its name, this tasteful hue embodies the satisfying richness of a fulfilling meal while its grounding redbrown roots emanate a sophisticated, natural earthiness. This hearty, yet stylish tone is universally appealing and translates easily to fashion, beauty, industrial design, home furnishings and interiors.
favorite color by age 18 19-24 25-34 35-50 51-69 70+ IMAGE By Lauren glynn reseaRch by LAUREN GLYNN INFORMATION COURTESY PANTONE.COM
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
colors
going to the dogs
what colors can
humans see?
Humans have three cones in their eyes that detect color. They identify red, blue, green, and yellow wave lengths created by light entering the eye. Since humans have three cones, they are able to see the full color spectrum. The colors on the right is the spectrum of colors that humans can see.
what colors can
dogs see?
There is a common misconception that dogs can only see monochrome colors. However, it has been proven that dogs are able to see colors, just less colors than humans. Dogs only have two cones compared to humans who have three cones. This means they can only distinguish monochrome colors and also blue and yellow.
brightness discrimination 18
Brightness discrimination is the ability to differentiate between different shades. It is measured by determining the smallest noticeable difference in brightness between two stimuli. The brightness discrimination for dogs is two times worse than that of humans.
[ THE LEAFLET ]
birds
what are mantis
shrimp?
The dominant sense in the bird species is vision. No other vertebrates have such excellent eyesight. The acuity of a bird’s vision is so great that it can see two or more times sharper than humans. Also, birds are able to see ultraviolet light, which humans are unable to see. This shows that they see more advanced light and
Mantis shrimp are sea creatures that live in warm, shallow water, and typically grow to be between six and twelve inches in length.
this creature does not have three cones like humans,
cats Cats have incredible sight. This is because their field of view is larger than a human’s field of view. While a human’s field of view is one hundred and eighty degrees, cat’s have a field of view of two hundred degrees. However, despite this piece of information, humans have ten times more cones than cats do, which means humans are able to take in more light and see more colors than cats. Cats are only able to see blues and grays, according to studies that have been done.
BUT SIXTEEN
deer
Deer only see colors that are on the lower end of the spectrum. These colors include violet, blue, green, and possibly colors that humans cannot see. Colors such as red and orange they see has black or gray.
gr
The rainbow we see is created just from three different colors. What a mantis shrimp sees is a type of rainbow that is created from sixteen colors IMAGE By ORION SCHLOSSER reseaRch by ORION SCHLOSSER INFORMATION COURTESY COLOR MATTERS
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
old vs. new
meaning of ancient colors compared to meaning of modern colors
ancient egypt green
color of vegetation and new life
yellow
color of the sun and gold
red
color of life and victory
blue
color of the sky and water
black
color of death and night
ancient greece green
color of victory
yellow
color of the gods and power
red
color of luck
blue
color of the sea
black
color of life
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IMAGE BY ORION SCHLOSSER RESEARCH BY WILL COLEMAN INFORMATION COURTESY STEAMCOMMUNITY.COM
Ancient china green
color of growing
yellow
color of nourishment and support
red
color of celebration
blue
color of conservation and healing
black
color of young men
Modern day green
color of nature
yellow
color of sunshine, joy, and happiness
red
color of fire, blood, energy, and danger
blue
color of the sky, sea, depth, and stability
black
color of power, death, and mystery
[ THE LEAFLET ]
Non-spectral colors colors that are not in the visible rainbow
all colors in the light spectrum have complements that exist except for green
magenta is the only color that does not exist as a single wavelength of light
red orange yellow green blue indigo violet
most cyan
popular
non-spectral
colors
red light has the longest wavelength and violet has the shortest, other colors come in between
colors
of the rainbow
magenta
IMAGE By ORION SCHLOSSER reseaRch by ABBEY BAKER INFORMATION COURTESY COLORADO EDUCATION
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[ THE LEAFLET ]
Color blindness The three most common types of color blindness are protanopia, deuteranopia, and tritanopia. People with protanopia and deuteranopia have difficulties differentiating between red and green hues. Meanwhile, those with tritanopia have difficulties differentiating between blue and yellow hues.
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NORMAL
PROTANOPIA
DEUTERANOPIA
TRITANOPIA
[ THE LEAFLET ]
Can you see the numbers in these circles?
IMAGE By ANNA ZHOU reseaRch by ANTHONY POPENOE INFORMATION COURTESY COLOR BLINDNESS AWARENESS
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