The Leaflet 10.31.17 | Vol. 4 Issue 3
HALLOWEEN
Halloween issue “Spooky Scary Skeletons� are coming out to play along with a host of other creatures, all of which will be covered in this October issue. Enjoy learning about the history of Halloween, how it is celebrated around the world, and different fear-inducing movies and televisions shows. Further, you can explore the chemistry that dictates what we fear and how we experience it.
Halloween is a time to become someone (or something else), and seniors take advantage of this as they don their costumes for Senior Halloween. This year also bears witness to a wave of costumes created and worn by those in TIP. No doubt Halloween is exciting, and this issue hopes to capture all that excitement as well.
Taylor Close & Sydney Evans
staff members
Jenna Bao Natalie Brinkman Lindsey Brinkman Ally Bonhaus Morgan Brownell Emily Chien Adhiti Chundur Taylor Close Sydney Evans Maya Goldenberg
Ben Green Yasmine Guedira Harsitha Kalaiarasan Anisa Khatana Everett Kohinke Hannah Lee Abigail Lefton Emme Loon Jessica Lu Harsimran Makkad
Leaflet Editors-in-Chief Taylor Close Sydney Evans Executive Editor Jenna Bao Associate Editor Adhiti Chundur Print Editors-in-Chief Nathalie Brinkman Adhiti Chundur
This issue Sara Margolis Anne Marsh Lydia Masset Claire Myers Aidan Noble Yvanna Reyes Madeleine Suh Kirsten Thomas Sydney Weiss Jack Wolfe
Executive Web Editor-in-Chief Harsimran Makkad Social Media Director Sydney Weiss Creative Projects Directors Taylor Close Yasmine Guedira Anne Marsh Sydney Weiss
p2: history of halloween p6: halloween Movies p8: Halloween TV episodes p12: Around the world p14: psychology of fear p18: trick or Treat p20: Senior Halloween p22: TIP house halloween The Leaflet, the official digital newsmagazine of Sycamore High School, serves as an educational tool in the training of student journalists. We provide information and editorial leadership concerning school, national, and world issues. We also provide a public forum for the exchange of ideas and viewpoints and give coverage to newsworthy events directly related to our diverse school population. These viewpoints are purely from the staff of The Leaflet and not the administration.
Sycamore High School 7400 Cornell Road Cincinnati, OH 45242
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History of H
Halloween originated with ancient Celtic festival of Samhain. People felt closest to their deceased relatives during this time of year. Celts believed that the presence of the other spirits made it easier for the priest to make fortunes.
It was considered the night before the world changed from happy to dark.
OCT 31. > NOV. 1
Today’s Traditions Go door to door and get candy
Dress up in scary costumes
Decorations in buildings/homes
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Source: https://www.history.com
Halloween Superstitions Do not associate with black cats because they bring bad luck: in the Middle Ages, witches avoided detection by turning themselves into cats.
Set dinner for the spirits to come and visit, leave treats for the spirits to take. Do not walk under ladders: ancient Egyptians said triangles were sacred; this also has to do with the fact that walking under ladders is unsafe.
Design by Kirsten Thomas Information by Emme Loon
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Halloween
Predicted top Halloween costumes for 2017
Using their combined following of 210 million
monthly followers, Pinterest and Lyst analyzed their data to determine the mostly likely costumes of 2017.
A hippie Up 130 percent on Pinterest searches and with Lyst
hippie costumes seem to be a likely candidate for 2017
Belle from “Beauty and the Beast”
costumes.
Pinterest pins for “Beauty and the Beast”
selling out of round sunglasses and flower crowns,
characters went up by 680 percent .
A unicorn Searches including the word “unicorn” have gone up from already being one of the top saved costumes on Pinterest by 110 percent and have increased 130 percent on Lyst.
A mermaid Over 1.4 million images of “mermaid leggings” have been saved on Pinterest in the last year, and the term “mermaid” has been searched 8,000 times per month by Lyst users since July.
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A giraffe Lyst has seen a 27 percent in crease in searches for “giraffe print” since June. Likewise, Pinterest has had a 1,200 percent increase in pins for giraffe makeup and costumes.
Wonder Woman Users currently have 230,000
“Game o Charact
costume ideas saved on
Lyst users have
Pinterest, while searches on Lyst
in searches for G
for “red corsets” have increased
many have bee
by 115 percent.
Daenerys; on Pi
a 280 percent in Source: https://qz.com
searches.
Favorite Candies by State
d
Source: https://www.usatoday.com Georgia Photo Courtesy of The Tribune All other states photo courtesy of Sydney Evans
Design by Jenna, Sydney Evans Information by Sydney Evans
A “Baywatch” babe
Pennywise
Since the latest release of the “Baywatch Movie,”
Pinterest saves for clown
costume ideas on Pinterest have shot up 147
make-up and costumes have
percent.
increased 941 percent.
of Thrones” ters had a 30 percent increase
Grecian gowns, and
en directly searching for
interest there has been
ncrease in “Jon Snow”
The kids from “Stranger Things” With its second season returning on Oct. 27, Pinterest saves on “Stranger Things” images have increased 40 times. Design by Sydney Evans Information by Sydney Evans
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Halloween movies Kids & Comedy
The Nightmare Before Christmas
1) Hocus Pocus 2) Teenager Max Dennison (Omri Katz), his sister Dani (Thora Birch), and their friend Allison (Vinessa Shaw) accidentally resurrect three evil witches (Bette Midler, Sarah Jessica Parker, Kathy Najimy) from a haunted house in Salem, MA. They proceed to team up with a magical cat to prevent the witches from becoming immortal.
3)
Halloweentown
A young girl (Kimberly J. Brown) finds out that she, along with her mother and grandmother, are actually witches. She follows her grandmother (Debbie Reynolds) back to Halloweentown, a magical place full of other supernatural creatures to learn about her identity and save the town.
5)
4)
Beetlejuice This Tim Burton comedy-fantasy is about a newlydeceased couple (Alec Baldwin and Geena Davis) who haunt their previous home. When a new family moves in, the two try to scare them away but fail, so they invite another ghost, Beetlejuice (Michael Keeton), to do the job.
7)
Ghostbusters
The classic 1984 version with Bill Murray features three parapsychology professors who set up a paranormal investigation and elimination service after getting fired from their jobs. They become the Ghostbusters and handle a supernatural crisis in New York City. An all-female version of the film was made in 2016 with Melissa McCarthy and Kristen Wiig.
9) Coraline
This animated horror/thriller is about a girl, Coraline (Dakota Fanning), who finds a door to an alternate universe. She is happy to explore it until her parallel family tries to trap her there, and she must fight to get out.
6 Source: http://www.imdb.com
The Tim Burton animated Halloween Disney classic is about Jack Skellington, the king of Halloweentown, who wants to try something new. He discovers Christmastown and decides he wants to rule that instead, so he kidnaps Santa Claus, but it does not all go to plan. It also has the famous song, “This is Halloween.”
The Addams Family The Addams are a quirky, Gothic family. Things are shaken up when someone claiming to be Fester (Christopher Lloyd), a missing member of the family, appears. Everyone is thrilled until they become suspicious that he is really a fraud.
6)
It’s the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown This animated TV special is based on the “Peanuts” comics. Linus believes in The Great Pumpkin, and despite his friends’ disbelief, he writes to it and waits for it to come visit his pumpkin patch. The movie also shows the others kids’ Halloween adventures.
8)
Rocky Horror Picture Show
This 1975 screwball comedy musical horror flick is about a young couple stranded in the rain outside an ominous castle. They find the castle to be inhabited with a crazy cast of strangers in costume. The film is a cult classic, and fans can find it playing at theatres around Halloween that invite viewers to dress up or sing along.
Hotel Transylvania ) 10 In this animated children’s film, Count Dracula (Adam Sandler) runs a resort where monsters can get away and relax without humans. Dracula puts on a big birthday party for his daughter (Selena Gomez), but the event is crashed by a human boy (Andy Samberg) who falls for the girl. The movie has a sequel, “Hotel Transylvania 2,” and a third film in the works.
Most popular horror films of all time THE
SHINING
PSYCHO
The Exorcist
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Most popular horror films since 2007 THE
CONJURING
THE
BABADOOK
THE
CABIN IN THE
WOODS
EDITOR’S PICK:
Design by Taylor Close Information by Taylor Close
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Halloween Television Episodes “Treehouse of Horror” “Night of the Living Pharmacists”
Season: 2 Episode: 3
Season: 4 Episode: 44
modern
family
“Halloween” 8
Source: www.complex.com
Season: 2 Episode: 6
“Epidemiology” Season: 2 Episode: 5 Season: 2 Episode: 7
Season: 1 Episode: 6
the office
“Halloween”
Parks Recreation “Greg Pikitis” and
N Y L K O BRO E N I N NINE
“Halloween” Design by Taylor Close Information by Taylor Close
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SPooKy SONGS Bad Moon Rising Ghost Busters Spooky Scary Skeletons
This is Halloween 10
Shake Them Skeleton Bones
Thriller Designed by Yasmine Guedira Information by Yasmine Guedira
SCARY BOOKS Classics Frankenstein By: Mary Shelley
Dracula By: Bram Stok er
Popular The Silence of the Lambs By: Thomas Harris
Misery By: Stephen King
The Haunting of Hill House By: Shirley Jackson Source: https://www.thoughtco.com
Design by Aidan Noble Information by Sydney Evans
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Around the world
Guy Fawkes Day Celebrated Nov. 5 in England. People light bonfires, set off fireworks, and burn effigies of the traitor Guy Fawkes.
Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead) Celebrated Nov. 2-3 in Mexico/Latin America. People honor the dead with altars and visit their graves.
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Sources: http://www.history.com, https://wonderopolis. org, https://www.statista.com
Although H networks f it. After all participat adults, ch However Many do h region of t
Halloween is such a major holiday in the US, taking over most television for the duration of the month of October, most other nations do not celebrate l, how can they compete with the 61 percent of Americans who plan to te in the festivities, or the $3.35 billion the US spent in 2017 on costumes for hildren, and pets, an increase from the previous year. r, this does not mean other countries do not have their own fall festivities. have their own celebrations, each highlighting the unique culture of their the world.
Teng Chieh (The Lantern Festival) Celebrated the fifteenth day of the year in China. Animal shaped lanterns ward off evil spirits, and food/ water are put in front of relatives’ photos.
P’chum Ben Lasts 15 days in Cambodia. Buddhists offer ceremonial food to relatives, listen to music, and hear speeches by monks.
Design by Sydney Evans Information by Allyson Bonhaus
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PSYCHOLOGY of
OF
what is fear?
PHOBIAS A phobia is a twisting of the normal fear response. The fear is directed toward an object or situation that does not present a real danger. Even though the sufferer recognizes that the fear is unreasonable, they cannot help their reaction. Over time, the fear tends to worsen as the fear of the fear response takes hold.
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Source: Psychology Today, NYTimes, Bigthink Photo courtesy of Adhiti Chundur
FIGHT OR FLIGHT?
“Fight or Flight” is a fear response that describes the behavior of various animals when they are threatened. As a result, some researchers suggest an expanded version of the fight-or-flight response: “freeze, flight, fight, or fright.” From an evolutionary perspective, the emotion of fear protected humans from predators and other threats to the survival of the species. It is no wonder that certain dangers evoke the emotion, since fear protects you and is therefore adaptive, functional, and necessary.
Fear is generally considered a reaction to something immediate that threatens your security or safety. The emotion of fear is felt as a sense of dread, alerting you to the possibility that your physical self might be harmed, which in turn motivates you to protect yourself.
INSIDE THE BRAIN THALAMUS AMYGDALA
TWO PATHWAYS:
1 2
LOW ROAD
Pathological fear and anxiety come from alterations of the brain systems that normally control fear and anxiety (like the amygdala). The amygdala connects two scary events, forming an unconscious memory of the association. When a neutral stimulus later occurs, it automatically activates the amygdala like the original danger did, eliciting fear and also triggering worry and anxiety. The automatic nature of the activation process reflects the fact that the amygdala does its work outside of conscious awareness. We respond to danger, then only afterward realize danger is present.
PHYSICAL REACTIONS
When we confront a perceived danger, our bodies respond in specific ways. Physical reactions to fear include sweating, increased heart rate, and high adrenaline levels.
The fear response begins in the thalamus, which receives signals from your body’s senses. From there, there are two different paths the fear reaction can take: the low road or the high road.
The low road is the quickest, least-rational response to life-threatening situations.
THALAMUS > AMYGDALA > HYPOTHALAMUS > ADRENAL GLANDS
If one of those signals is life-threatening (ex. a knife at your throat), the thalamus alerts your amygdala.
Your amygdala triggers emotional responses and prompts your hypothalamus.
HIGH ROAD AMYGDALA
The adrenal glands release the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, which activates the flight or fight response.
If the signal is not life-threatening, the brain takes the more rational high road response.
> PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX >
If you see something that is not life-threatening but still frightening (like a spider on your wall), the amygdala alerts the prefrontal or sensory cortex.
KEY WORDS
The hypothalamus turns up your adrenal glands and rush blood to your muscles to get you away from the danger.
The cortex alerts the hippocampus and spurs it to compare the current threat to past ones.
HIPPOCAMPUS
If the hippocampus determines that the current fear stimulus is a threat but not life-threatening, the hippocampus heightens your senses and triggers your fight-orflight response.
AMYGDALA
HYPOTHALAMUS
THALAMUS
PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX
Involved with experiencing emotions
Relays sensory information and acts as a center for pain perception
Controls the pituitary gland, controlling body temperature, thirst, and hunger Located at the front of the frontal lobe; controls planning, and greatly contributes to personality development
ADRENAL GLANDS
Produces epinephrine (adrenaline)
HIPPOCAMPUS
Center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system Design by Adhiti Chundur Information by Adhiti Chundur
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HAUNTED The Dent Schoolhouse Cincinnati, OH
Back to school at Dent started Sept. 15. The two attractions with 55 actors are the Dent Schoolhouse and the Detention Hall Maze. There are food concessions and souvenirs available on site.
Halloween Haunt At Kings Island - Mason, OH
Halloween season began on Sept. 22. Kings Island Haunt takes over the theme park on Friday and Saturday nights through Oct. 31. Caution: since zombies, psychotic clowns, and twisted souls take over the park, it is too intense for children under the age of 13 at night.
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D HOUSES Land of Illusion Haunted Scream Park - Middletown, OH
Opened nightly every Friday and Saturday starting Sept. 1. The five attractions are Haunted Trail, Voodoo Bayou, Killer Klowns, Temple of Terror, and Dr. Psycho’s Haunted Estate. When done with the five haunts, enjoy the DJ, live music, bonfire, and stage show.
USS Nightmare - Newport, KY
Halloween season started Sept. 15. Board a real 288-foot long ship, the William S Mitchell, often known as the Death Dredge. The haunt tour takes about 30 minutes to traverse.
Design by Natalie Brinkman Information by Emily Chien
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“
“
Photo courtesy of Andrew Ovington
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles-- it was all I watched back then. I had Cheetos in one hand and Oreos in the other. I think I was three, maybe four, but I had to be less than seven. I was, and still am, a big fan of food and Mutant Ninja Turtles.
-Mr. Andrew Ovington
“
My favorite Halloween candy is Reese’s Cups. I have always loved Halloween; it has always been fun to dress up. I dressed up as old people a lot. One year I was Snow White, another year I was a California raisin; I love Halloween even more as a parent because it is fun to see how creative my kids get with their costumes. And they get so much joy out it.
”
-Mrs. Jennifer Scheidler
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Photo courtesy of Jennifer Scheidler
TRICK OR
-Mrs. Katrina Smith
“ Photo courtesy of Katrina Smith
“
Photo courtesy of Nicholas Hellwig
R TREAT
Halloween in St. Louis meant you need to have a costume that you could layer for warmth, but at same time be ready for it to be hot. My mom always made our costumes when we were little for all three of us kids. It was a big neighborhood family event. My grandparents would come over to man the candy bowl while us kids would run around the neighborhood with our friends and our parents watching from the sidewalks.
-Mr. Nicholas Hellwig
“
“
The photo was taken when I was about four years old with my older sister in California, where I was born. I have great memories of Halloween as a kid spending time with my family and getting as much candy as possible! In that picture I was dressed up as a clown, and my mom had made both those costumes by hand.
Design by Natalie Brinkman Information by Natalie Brinkman
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Senior Halloween
Award People Award: Best Homemade People: Kelsey Kandil, Mackenzie Kandil, Sophie Ballah, Noa Atkins “Kelsey, Mackenzie, and Noa made the costumes. They had been planning this for a while and it took about a week to gather all the different supplies from places like thrift stores and stuff,” Ballah said.
Thornbe “Alex te funnier. We did
Award: Best Fandom People: Elayna Berry and Shannon Glass
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“Elayna and I thought of the idea after Drake Bell came to our school for the concert. Given how the concert ended we thought it would be timely and funny for the students and the teachers. We bought our outfits from Valley Thrift Store the week before. My dad printed off pictures of Oprah at his work and gave me a Hillary Clinton cut out to mount Oprah’s face onto,” Glass said. All photos courtesy of McDaniels Phtography
d: Funniest Large Group e: Jeremy Pletz, Nilesh Khatana, Max Bruggeman, Gregory Rivin, Grayson Thornberry, Alex
erry exted me with the idea three weeks ago. We were going to do dodgeball but this seemed . We bought all the stuff on Amazon and at the thirft store, so it only took a week to put together. d argue alot though to get the perfect look,” Bruggeman said.
Award: Most Creative Small Group People: Kate McNamara-Marsland, Amanda Jensen, Constance Kavensky, Emma Balk, Katherine Stautberg “I was driving home from a singing lesson when we were discussing ideas. We were trying to think about every day objects we could make come to life with our costumes. I drove past Mikes Car Wash and texted everyone (as a joke) that we should be a car wash and everyone loved it! We made our costumes entirely from scratch with fabric from Joann Fabric . It took us a couple of weeks and we stayed up until 2:30 the night before working on it,” Jensen said. Design by Sydney Evans Information by Sydney Evans
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TIP House Halloween Members of TIP including teachers , parents, siblings, and even other SHS alum dressed up with TIP students this Halloween. Students participated in a host of Halloween themed activities including pumpkin decorating. They ended the day attending the Senior parade with many of their students participating.
Austin Williams (back) and his family
(Left to right) Tamara Brewer, TIP teacher Florence Williams, 1947 Sycamore graduate Kelley Flodder, UC Launch teacher
(Left to right) Stanford Reese Tamea Craig
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All photos courtesy of McDaniels Photography
(Left to right)
Pat Weitzel, EA Beverly Fenton
Conner Fenton
(Left to right)
Poppy Clay, EA Sam Leach Tamara Brewer, TIP teacher (Left to right)
Robbie Johnson Austin Williams Tamara Brewer, TIP Teacher John Maloney Standord Reese.
Design by Kirsten Thomas Information by Tamara Brewer
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