¿CÓMO PUEDE UN EMPLAZAMIENTO RECOGER AGUA PARA LA CIUDAD Y PROPORCIONAR VIVIENDAS?
NATURALEZA agua NATURE water
¿diseño urbano?
donde encaja en el ciclo del uso+re-uso del agua
800 700
EVAPORATION
600 500
HOW CAN ONE SITE BOTH COLLECT WATER FOR THE CITY AND PROVIDE HOUSING?
400 precipitation [mm]
WATER CONSUMED (m3) / INHABITANTS 257,000,000 2003
300 200
urban design?
PRECIPITATION
where it fits into the cycle of water use+re-use
100 0 1991
1997
1994
2000
2003
LOST EVAPORATION
2006
SPAIN PRECIPITACIONES PRECIPITATION
? WTP
234,000,000 2000
GREEN AREA ࣪
1 PAU
irrigation
residential
drinking water
industrial
gray water
amenity
SEWAGE jan
feb
mar
apr
may jun
jul
aug
set
oct
nov
RECYCLED WATER
dec
GROUNDWATER AQUIFER
MADRID PRECIPITACIONES PRECIPITATION DEEP DRAINAGE
amount of water [1000 m3]
320.876m2
run off
2005 [166 mm/year] average [386 mm/year] 2004 [418 mm/year]
UN PROTOTIPO URBANO PARA AHORRAR AGUA AN URBAN PROTOTYPE FOR SAVING WATER
232,000,000 1998
run off
260,000 255,000 250,000 245,000 240,000 235,000 230,000 225,000 220,000 215,000 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
3,150 3,100 3.050 3,000 2,950 2,900 2,850 2,800 2,750
1000’s inhabitants
ÁREA VERDE
precipitation [mm]
890.770m2
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
?
STP
population water consumption
MADRID CONSUMO H2O H20 CONSUMPTION
EXTENSIÓN hacia el sur de Madrid
MADRID LLEVA 3 AÑOS EN SEQUÍA
RIBBON BUILDINGS
EXTEND out to the south of Madrid ߫
MADRID IS IN A 3 YEAR DROUGHT
ESPAÑA – ¿EL NUEVO SAHARA?
320.876m2
PAU 2
EDIFICIOS BAR+FINGERS
PLIEGUE bajo el verde y PUENTE asobre el emplazamiento
BAR BUILDINGS+FINGERS
FOLD under green and BRIDGE across site ᴵ +䰘
SPAIN - THE NEW SAHARA?
˛
——
UN ESTUDIO DE NACIONES UNIDAS 2005 ADVIERTE QUE EL DESIERTO DEL SÁHARA ESTÁ PREPARADO PARA SALTAR EL MEDITERRÁNEO, TRAGÁNDOSE UN TERCIO DE ESPAÑA EN 50 AÑOS.
A 2005 U.N. STUDY WARNS THAT THE SAHARA DESERT IS POISED TO JUMP THE MEDITERRANEAN, ENGULFING A THIRD OF SPAIN WITHIN 50 YEARS.
EN EL 2005, MADRID SUFRIÓ LA PEOR SEQUÍA DE SU HISTORIA CON PRECIPITACIONES POR DEBAJO DEL 43% DE SU MEDIA [166mm/386mm]. ESTA REDUCCIÓN EN LAS NECESIDADES DE AGUA AUMENTO LA GESTIÓN PARA SU RECOGIDA, DEPÓSITO Y REDISTRIBUCIÓN.
IN 2005, MADRID SUFFERED ITS WORST DROUGHT IN HISTORY WITH PRECIPITATION DOWN 43% FROM ITS MEDIAN [166mm/386mm]. THIS REDUCTION IN WATER NECESSITATES INCREASED MANAGEMENT IN COLLECTING, STORING AND REDISTRIBUTING WATER.
ACTUALMENTE, MADRID PIERDE el 13.8% DEL AGUA COLECTADA, EN ALGÚN LUGAR DE LA RED DE DISTRIBUCIÓN. IRÓNICAMENTE, LA CIUDAD DE MADRID DESCANSA SOBRE UNA SERIE DE RÍOS SUBTERRÁNEOS Y UNA CUENCA DE AGUA DE 90.000m3. LA EXPLOTACIÓN DE ESTOS RECURSOS SUBTERRÁNEOS ES VITAL PARA MADRID PARA MANTENER LA INSACIADA DEMANDA DE AGUA DE SUS HABITANTES.
CURRENTLY, MADRID LOSES 13.8% OF WATER COLLECTED, SOMEWHERE IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK. IRONICALLY, THE CITY OF MADRID LIES ATOP A SERIES OF SUBTERRANEAN RIVERS AND A BASIN HOLDING 90,000m3 OF WATER. TAPPING INTO THESE UNDERGROUND RESOURCES IS VITAL FOR MADRID TO KEEP UP WITH THE UNSATIATED DEMAND FOR WATER BY ITS INHABITANTS.
ESPAÑA CONSUME EN LA ACTUALIDAD DOS VECES EL AGUA QUE SUS RÍOS Y ACUÍFEROS PROPORCIONAN. EL PLANEAMIENTO URBANO PROVEE A LAS CIUDADES DE OPORTUNIDADES PARA REPENSAR Y REACCIONAR A LA CAMBIANTE REALIDAD ECOLÓGICA.
SPAIN IS CURRENTLY CONSUMING TWICE AS MUCH WATER AS ITS RIVERS AND AQUIFERS CAN PROVIDE. URBAN PLANNING PROVIDES CITIES WITH OPPORTUNITIES TO RETHINK AND REACT TO THE SHIFTING ECOLOGICAL REALITY.
23,548 [m3]
2005
6%
4%
31,441 [m3]
lost in distribution system
municipal
2005
23%
ⱘ4 3 ˁ[ 1 6 6 m m / 3 8 6 m m ]
124,020 [m3]
industrial/commercial 1 3 .8 ໘ 9 0 ,0 0 0
ECO-AMENITIES
ABROÑIGAL PROPUESTA PROPOSAL
362,438 [m3]
510,612 m3
67%
residential
200L
171 L
EDIFICIOS PEGADOS
Spain’s average personal water consumption: 171 liters / person / day (45 gallons / person / day)
150L
60 L
100L
320.876m2
PAU 3
60 liters / person / day (16 gallons / person / day)
50L
MADRID NECESITA AGUA
MADRID NEEDS WATER
LA TOPOGRAFÍA ÚNICA DEL ABROÑIGAL, ADYACENTE AL RÍO MANZANARES Y AL AGUA SUBTERRÁNEA DEL ABROÑIGAL, ES IDEAL PARA: 1. UNA RESERVA 2. UN HITO ECOLÓGICO 3. UNA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS
ABRONIGAL’S UNIQUE TOPOGRAPHY, ADJACENCY TO THE MANZANARES RIVER AND THE ABRONIGAL SUBTERRANEAN CREEK MAKE IT IDEAL FOR: 1. A RESERVOIR 2. AN ECOLOGICAL WATERSHED 3. A WASTE-TREATMENT PLANT
Spain’s target personal water consumption:
WATER USAGE AND RECLAMATION CYCLE ABROÑIGAL EL PROBLEMA
ABROÑIGAL EL ARGUMENTO
ABROÑIGAL LA PROPUESTA
EL CONSUMO DE AGUA SE HA DISPARADO, MADRID ESTÁ EN SU TERCER AÑO DE SEQUÍA Y MUCHOS PREDICEN QUE LAS FUTURAS GUERRAS SERÁN EN TORNO AL AGUA NO AL PETRÓLEO. MUCHA DEL AGUA DE MADRID YACE BAJO SU BASE ROCOSA AUNQUE NO ESTÁ SIENDO TOTALMENTE UTILIZADA POR UNA CARENCIA DE OPCIONES DE ALMACENAJE. El 6% DEL AGUA RECOGIDA SE PIERDE EN SU TRAYECTO. TIENE QUE HABER UN MEJOR SISTEMA PARA LA RECOGIDA, LA CONTENCIÓN Y LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL AGUA A MEDIDA QUE SE HACE MÁS VALIOSA. ESPERAMOS QUE SIMULTÁNEAMENTE AUMENTE LA CALIDAD DE RECOGIDA ASÍ COMO LA CREACIÓN DE INCENTIVOS PARA ATRAER LA PARTICIPACIÓN PRIVADA.
LA RECOGIDA, EL APROVECHAMIENTO Y LA REUTILIZACIÓN DEL AGUA NUNCA HAN SIDO MÁS IMPORTANTES PARA EL DISEÑO URBANO QUE AHORA. EL DISEÑO URBANO ES MÁS PREDOMINANTEMENTE SOBRE CONFIGURACIONES ESPACIALES, PERO HOY ABARCA CONFIGURACIONES FILOSÓFICAS Y METAMÓRFICAS TAMBIÉN. ESTE PROYECTO PROPONE UN PROTOTIPO PARA COMO EL DISEÑO URBANO PUEDE EL SOBRE TALES PUBLICACIONES(CUESTIONES) ECOLÓGICAS COMO EL ALMACENAJE DE AGUA, LA RECUPERACIÓN Y LA DISTRIBUCIÓN TODO EL RATO QUE DEJA ECONÓMICAMENTE VIABLE Y ACERTADO. EN ESTE CASO, LA OFERTA USA EL AGUA QUE PROCESA COMO UNA AMENIDAD PARA HABITANTES DE SITIO.
EL ABROÑIGAL, MÁS QUE UNA INSTALACIÓN DE RECOGIDA Y ACUMULACIÓN DE AGUA, ESTÁ PREPARADA PARA CONVERTIRSE EN UNA ZONA DE RECARGA DE AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS, UN HITO EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE INUNDACIONES Y UNA CUENCA DE CAPTACIÓN. LA NUEVA RESERVA FAVORECERÁ Y GENERARÁ HÁBITATS NATURALES PARA LA FLORA, LA FAUNA Y ECOSISTEMAS ACUÁTICOS - UNA OPORTUNIDAD EDUCATIVA ÚNICA PARA LA GENTE DE MADRID. EL OBJETIVO ÚLTIMO DE ESTE PROYECTO ES EL DE COMBINAR MEDIDAS ECOLÓGICAS DE AHORRO DE AGUA CON UNA COMUNIDAD, CREANDO EN ÚLTIMA INSTANCIA, UNAS CONDICIONES URBANAS ÚNICAS Y MEDIOAMBIENTALES.
ABROÑIGAL THE PROBLEM
ABROÑIGAL THE ARGUMENT
ABROÑIGAL THE PROPOSAL
WATER CONSUMPTION IS ON THE RISE, MADRID IS IN ITS THIRD YEAR OF DROUGHT AND MANY PREDICT FUTURE WARS WILL BE FOUGHT OVER WATER NOT OIL. MUCH WATER LIES UNDER MADRID’S BEDROCK YET IS NOT FULLY BEING UTILIZED FOR A LACK OF STORAGE OPTIONS. 6% OF THE WATER THAT IS BEING COLLECTED IS LOST IN TRANSIT. THERE NEEDS TO BE A BETTER SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING, HOLDING AND DISTRIBUTING WATER AS IT BECOMES MORE PRECIOUS. WE HOPE TO SIMULTANEOUSLY INCREASE QUALITY OF COLLECTION AS WELL AS CREATE AN INCENTIVE FOR WHICH TO ENTICE PRIVATE EQUITY.
CATCHING, HARNESSING AND REUSING WATER HAVE NEVER BEEN MORE IMPORTANT TO URBAN DESIGN THAN NOW. URBAN DESIGN IS NO LONGER PREDOMINANTLY ABOUT SPATIAL CONFIGURATIONS BUT TODAY ENCOMPASSES PHILOSOPHIC AND METAMORPHIC CONFIGURATIONS AS WELL. THIS PROJECT PROPOSES A PROTOTYPE FOR HOW URBAN DESIGN CAN ENVELOPE SUCH ECOLOGICAL ISSUES AS WATER STORAGE, RECLAMATION AND DISTRIBUTION ALL THE WHILE REMAINING ECONOMICALLY VIABLE AND SUCCESSFUL. IN THIS CASE, THE PROPOSAL USES WATER PROCESSING AS AN AMENITY FOR SITE INHABITANTS.
MORE THAN BEING A WATER COLLECTOR AND STORAGE FACILITY, ABROÑIGAL IS SUITED TO BECOME A GROUND WATER RECHARGE ZONE, WATERSHED FLOOD CONTROL AND CATCHMENT BASIN. THE NEW RESERVOIR WILL FAVOR AND GENERATE NATURAL HABITATS FOR FLORA, FAUNA AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS - A UNIQUE EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR THE PEOPLE OF MADRID. THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO COMBINE ECO-FRIENDLY WATER-SAVING MEASURES WITH A COMMUNITY, ULTIMATELY CREATING A UNIQUE URBAN CONDITION AND ENVIRONMENT.
ABROÑIGAL——
ABROÑIGAL—
ABROÑIGAL— ˈABRONIGAL
ABRONIGALഄ
MANZANARES ᳝6
DŽ ⡍㡆 ˈ
CAPACIDAD DE ACUMULACIÓN STORAGE CAPACITY
TORRES
๗DŽ
CONEXIÓN vertical y aumento de la DENSDAD
TOWERS
CONNECT vertically and increase DENSITY ศ
2
x 90 = 9000m2 total area
9000m2/band x 12 = 108,000 total m2 of housing units
C. BAR = 30m high = 732 units / 9 floors = 61 units fl = 100m
x 61 = 6100m total area
2
2
6100m2 total area/band x 9 = 73,200 total sq. m of housing units
D. BAR = 20m high = 990 units / 6 floors = 165 units fl = 100m
2
x 165 = 16,500m2 total area
16500m2 total area/band x 6 = 99,000 total sq. m of housing units
E. BAR = 20m high = 408 units / 6 floors = 68 units fl = 100m
2
x 68 = 6,800m2 total area
MADRID AREA VERDE GREEN AREA
VALLECAS ONE PAU WITH A SUSTAINABLE PARK
casa de campo 1,722 572 2 ABRONIGAL 3 cuatro vientos 200 4 juan carlos I 161 5 el retiro 141 MADRID AREA DE PARQUE PARK AREA 1
ABRONIGAL MODIFIED RATIO SITE-SPECIFICITY
WATER FLOW
MICRO-ORGANISMS
SECCIÓN DE CONSTRUCCIÓN CONSTRUCTION SECTION
CONSTRUCTION PLAN
PAU VALLECAS
TOTAL GREEN AREA 63,505 HECTARES PARQUE REGIONAL DE LA CUENCA ALTA DE MANZANARES
RELATION TO GAVIA
= + +
GAVIA WATER PARK TOYO ITO’S WATER RECLAMATION PARK THAT IS A POINT OF DEPARTURE FOR THIS PROJECT. GAVIA IS LOCATED IN THE PAU OF VALLECAS AND SERVES AS A MODEL. ABRONIGAL, HOWEVER, PROPOSES TO CREATE A WATER RELCAMATION PARK 2-1/2 TIMES THE SIZE OF GAVIA WITHOUT ELIMINATING HOUSING. IN ADDITION, FULL INTEGRATION BETWEEN HOSUING AND PARK MAXIMIZES THE BENEFITS OF THE PARK. ALLOWING PEOPLE TO ENJOY THE PARK ALSO INCREASES LAND VALUE AND THE CACHE OF SAID DEVELOPMENT THUS THE SAYING: BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT IS BETTER FOR THE DEVELOPER.
RELACIÓN A LA GAVIA
EL PARQUE DEL AGUA DE LA GAVIA - EL PARQUE DE RECUPERACIÓN DE AGUA DE TOYO ITO ES EL PUNTO DE PARTIDA DE ESTE PROYECTO. LA GAVIA SE LOCALIZA EN EL PAU DE VALLECAS Y SIRVE COMO MODELO. EL ABROÑIGAL, SIN EMBARGO, PROPONE CREAR UN PARQUE DE RECUPERACIÓN DE AGUA 2-1/2 VECES EL TAMAÑO DE LA GAVIA SIN SUPRIMIR LAS VIVIENDAS. ADEMÁS, LA INTEGRACIÓN PLENA ENTRE VIVIENDAS Y PARQUE MAXIMIZA LAS VENTAJAS DEL PARQUE. PERMITIR QUE LA GENTE DISFRUTE DEL PARQUE TAMBIÉN AUMENTA EL VALOR DEL SUELO Y EL CACHÉ DE DICHO DESARROLLO, Y COMO DICE EL DICHO: LO MEJOR PARA EL MEDIOAMBIENTE ES LO MEJOR PARA EL PROMOTOR.
TOYO ITO˅ GAVIA GAVIA VALLECAS GAVIA
27%
educational natural reserve
73% 44,202 ha
water inflow
BUILDABLE
agricultural regional park [producer]
algae uptake & disposition
agricultural regional park [in process]
MADRID
Urban Planning Department transition zones
SUPERFICE DEL ÁREA
F.
MODEL FOR RESTORERS: NATURAL FLOATING ISLANDS
10
Chara sp.
ഄ᠔ⱘ
ᘶ
0 TAXODIUM MUCRONATUM
MONTEZUMA CYPRESS
AHUEHUETE
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS
EUCALYPTUS
EUCALIPTO
PINUS HALEPENSIS CELTIS AUSTRALIS PINO
PINE TREE
ALMER
EUROPEAN HACKBERRY
QUERCUX ILEX
ENCINA
HOLLY OAK
ARBUTUS UNEDO
MADRONO
STRAWBERRY TREE
BUTIA CAPITATA
BUTIA
PINDO PALM
MADRID OPPORTUNITY COSTS
“
”
RESTORERS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
˖
MARSH SHALLOW MARSH
SHALLOW MARSH
Carex hispida
INDEGENIOUS PLANTS AND TREES OF MADRID USOS DE LAS CUENCAS:
1. Ecológicamente complejo, mecánicamente simple 2. Bajo consumo de energía 3. Fácil de manipular 4. Económico para construir 5. Efectivo reduciendo la carga orgánica y la polución 6. Creación de un hábitat para la fauna y flora
1. Ecologically Complex, Mechanically Simple 2. Low in Energy Consumption 3. Easy to Operate 4. Inexpensive to Construct 5. Effective at Reducing Organic Loading and Pollution 6. Wildlife habitat creation
Typha latifolia Typha angustifolia
Carex riparia Phragmites australis Nymphaea alba
WETLAND BENEFITS
Restorers are an assembly of engineered ecologies incorporated into floating rafts to perform three main tasks. They can treat wastewater and sewage in constructed lagoons or canals. They can help maintain pond or reservoir health. Additionally, they are used to "restore" stressed or polluted bodies of water back to health.
CEDRO
plant uptake
water outflow
BENEFICIOS DE LAS CUENCAS
RESTORERS
CEDRUS LIBANI
these systems have the water surface above the wetland bed or substrate
sediment accumulation
RESTAURADORES
Los restorers son un conjunto de ecologías industriales incorporadas en balsas flotantes para realizar tres tareas principales. Pueden tratar aguas negras y aguas residuales en lagunas o canales construidos. Pueden ayudar a mantener la salubridad del depósito o de la reserva. Además, se usan para "devolver" salubridad a los cuerpos de agua estresados o contaminados.
CEDAR OF LEBANON
water flow SSF sub-surface flow
microbial oxidation + reduction
Cladium mariscus
SURFACE AREA
40 20
impermeable base
Carex acutiformis
MADRID INDEGENIOUS PLANTS AND TREES
average tree height (meters)
impermeable base
60,700 ha
agricultiral regional park [protected]
ABRONIGAL
gravel substrate
sediment recovery sent to landfill
16,498 ha GREEN/OPEN SPACE
integral natural reserve
GAVIAⱘ݇㘨
soil substrate
water flow gas discharge
water flow
macrophytes
these systems have the water surface above the wetland bed or substrate
GROWING ON SURFACE
RESTAURADORES RESTORERS
macrophytes
water flow FWS free water surface
ROOT HAIR ENLARGED OXIDIZED ZONE
RESTAURADORES RESTORERS PLAN DE CONSTRUCCIÓN
AERATION CREATES WATER FLOW
Myriophyllum spicatum
6,800m2 total area/band x 6 = 40,800 total sq. m of housing units
WETLAND PLANTS WATER SURFACE ROOTS
39% 2,013 ha PARKS & GARDENS
RECREATION [3.2%]
ABROÑIGAL PROPUESTA PROPOSAL
30
RIBBON = 20m high bars = 3,209 units / 6 floors = 12 units/10m length = 2670m overall length (669m for each of 4 bars)
SHORELINE
INFRASTRUCTURE [6.2%]
GAVIA PARK AREA 39 ha [390000 m2]
ABRONIGAL PROPOSES TO BE 2-1/2 TIMES THE SIZE OF GAVIA
1. 2. 3. 4.
SHALLOW MARSH CONDITIONS _medium [5.0-10.0/m2] _0.1-0.2 m _ephemeral [occasional-regular dry cycle] _emergent macrophytes _0.3-0.7 m, medium density open canopy, epiphytic algae _surface exchange epiphytic, photosynthesis _microbial growth _microbial, epiphyte, and macrophyte growth _sedimentation adsorption
1. aguas residuals municipals / depuración / desbordamiento de alcantarillado 2. desaparición de la agricultura 3. desaparición del aeropuerto 4. desechos del Ganado y aviario 5. desaparición de las lluvias urbanas 6. vertedero
CUENCASHECHASPORELHOMBRE: 1. tierra orgánica 2. fauna microbiana 3. algas 4. plantas+micro-organismos
MAN-MADE WETLAND: 1. Organic soil 2. Microbial fauna 3. Algae 4. Plants+Micro-organisms
ഄ˖ 1. 2. 3. 4.
+
WETLAND USES:
1. Municipal wastewaters / sewage / sewer overflows 2. Agricultural runoff 3. Airport runoff 4. Livestock and poultry wastes 5. Urban storm water runoff 6. Landfill leachates
ഄ߽⫼˖ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
/
ACTIVITIES SWIMMING COMPETITIVE SWIMMING ROWING / CANOEING SAILING
BIRD / ANIMAL WATCHING
open field-based
B. BAR = 40m high = 1080 units / 12 floors = 90 units x footprint dimensions = 100m
76% 16,498 ha PROTECTED
INFRASTRUCTURE [7.7%]
EMVS EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE VIVIENDA Y SUELO
# of towers = 9 / total area per tower = 36,000 m2 / total area = 320,867 m2
ߦ
FLOATING STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK
MARSH CONDITIONS _medium [2.5-5.0/m2] _0.2-0.4 m _ephemeral [occasional-dry cycle] _emergent macrophytes _1-2 m, medium-dense semi closed canopy, epiphytic algae _sedimentation and enhanced sedimentation _microbial growth _microbial and macrophyte growth _sedimentation adsorption, sludge
/
HORSEBACK RIDING
GREENHOUSE
EVENT SPACE PICINICKING
PLAYGROUND
HIKING CYCLING
OUTDOOR MARKET
KITE FLYING
WALKING / JOGGING
sports field-based
ABROÑIGAL DIMENSIONES DIMENSIONS A. TOWERS = 100m high = 3,209 / # of floors = 30 / footprint dimensions = 30m x 50m = 1500m2 total area
GREEN [41.0%]
38% 1,976 ha GREEN
water-based
F
RECREATION [0.9%]
OTHER (CULTURAL) [5.5%]
DEEP MARSH CONDITIONS _medium [1.7-2.5/m2] _0.4-0.6 m _permanent [occasional-irregular dry cycle] _emergent macrophytes _1-2 m, medium-dense semi closed canopy, epiphytic algae _sedimentation and enhanced sedimentation _microbial growth _microbial and macrophyte growth _sedimentation adsorption, sludge
path-based
BCDE
GREEN [30.4%]
CONSTRUCCIÓN, USOS, BENEFICIOS CONSTRUCTION, USES, BENEFITS
16% 623 ha FOREST
1. TO BE THE FIRST SUSTAINABLE GREEN OPEN SPACE IN MADRID 2. TO TRANSFORM A SEWAGE PLANT INTO AN ECOLOGICAL PARK 3. TO LINK THE GREEN LOOP OF MADRID TO OUR SITE 4. TO FILL 1/3 OF THE SITE WITH A TREATING SYSTEM
OTHER (WATER) [19.6%]
CUENCAS WETLANDS
OPEN WATER CONDITIONS _low [0.67/m2] _1+ m _permanent [well mixed, stratification during still conditions] _algae, submerged macrophytes, floating macrophytes _phytoplankton growth, macro phyte growth _algal photosynthesis, wind mixing _UV exposure _submerged and floating macrophyte growth
other
A
INFRASTRUCTURE [34.9%]
URBAN BENCHMARKS
WALKWAY
RECREATION [3.2%]
OTHER (CULTURAL) [38.5%]
7% 341 ha OPEN
24% 5,138 ha COMMUNAL
WALKWAY
GREEN [28.5%]
RESIDENTIAL [3.2%] EDUCATION [1.2%] PUBLIC SERVICES [5.5%] INDUSTRIAL [2.6%]
EDUCATION [2.8%] PUBLIC SERVICES [5.1%] INDUSTRIAL [1.6%]
5,138 ha
21,636 ha
WALKWAY
RESIDENTIAL
OTHER (CULTURAL) [6.4%]
RESIDENTIAL [2.6%]
ABRONIGAL
RESIDENCIAL
EDUCATION [5.5%] PUBLIC SERVICES [2.6%] INDUSTRIAL [3.2%]
COMMERCIAL [12%]
VALLECAS
RESIDENTIAL [14.5%]
AVERAGE PAU 3.78km2, 37,300residents
962.601m2
COMMERCIAL [10.4%]
TYPICAL PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS surface area: volume ratio water depth natural water regime typical ecological characteristics typical species vegetation potential treatment processes and mechanisms aeration mineralization nutrient uptake & transformation nutrient storage
OPEN WATER DEEP MARSH
COMMERCIAL [1.2%]
1. SER EL PRIMER ESPACIO VERDE ABIERTO SOSTENIBLE EN MADRID 2. TRANSFORMAR UNA PLANTA DE AGUAS RESIDUALES EN UN PARQUE ECOLÓGICO 3. UNIR EL ANILLO VERDE DE MADRID A NUESTRO EMPLAZAMIENTO 4. OCUPAR 1/3 DEL EMPLAZAMIENTO CON UN SISTEMA DE TRATAMIENTO
DEEP MARSH MARSH
PUNTOS DE REFERENCIA URBANOS
VOLLEYBALL TENNIS SOCCER