Santa Monica Airpor
NOW QUARTERLY
03 REPURPOSE SANTA MONICA AIRPORT
Quarterly // issue 03 // apr-jun 2017
Santa Monica Airpor
PART I RESEARCH 00 Introduction 01 Introduction to City of Santa Monica & Santa Monica Airport 02 Santa Monica Airport Issue & Challenge 03 Re-purposed Airports
PART II PROJECT 00 3 Project Strategies 01 Feed Santa Monica 02 Density without Visual Density 03 Santa Monica Back of House
SANTA MONICA AIRPORT An Introduction
Santa Monica Municipal Airport (SMO), once the legendary Douglas Aircraft Company and “Clover Field“ after WWI was recently announced to be turned into another airport theme park due to its negative impact on the surrounding neighbors. City of Santa Monica released the visioning re-purposing plan with extreme debates evoked. Without asking fundamental questions we can never properly identify and evaluate the real potential behind this evolution. “What are the large sustainable issues that the city is facing?” ”What the additional park can offer us in terms of social/ environmental resilience?” “If it is possible that the SMO can be transformed into something that deals with social problem with great potential economic return?“ Various issues under large sustainable framework are targeted by studio and based on which the design strategies and possibilities unfold.
00
PART I RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION TO CITY OF SANTA MONICA & SANTA MONICA AIRPORT
01
Location & Size
3
~
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City of Santa Monica
ile
m
~3
City of Santa Monica
City of Santa Monica
City of Beverly Hills
Santa Monica Airport
5,400 Acres
3,660 Acres
City of West hollywood 322,000 Acres
City of Los Angeles 322,000 Acres
5,400 Acres
227 Acres
le
mi
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4%
Area of Santa Monica
City of Santa Monica 5,400 Acres
Santa Monica Airport 227 Acres
Santa Monica Airport 227 Acres
History of Santa Monica
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Due in part to an agreeable climate, Santa Monica became a famed resort town by the early 20th century. The city has experienced a boom since the late 1980s through the revitalization of its downtown core, significant job growth and increased tourism.
History of SMO
1900-1919 Santa Monica become renowned Resort for the rich and famous
1966 Completion of SM Freeway
1930s Great Depression hit Santa Monica
1910
1920
WORLD WAR1
1930
1940
GREAT DEPRESSION
1950
WORLD WAR2
1960 KOREAN WAR
1980 Job and Tourism Growth
1970
1980
1990
BOOMING OF U.S ECONOMY
2000
2050
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Demographic
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From 1880 to 2010, the population of Santa Monica has grown from 417 to 89,736 with population density of 10,662 people/ square mile. The majority race was White (77.6%). 97.6% of population lived in 46,917 households. The median age was 40.4 years and 36.3% of the population aged from 18 to 24.
Resident Santa Monica Resident
93,000
Santa Monica Density
11,000
/ sq mi
City of Los Angeles Density
vs
Tourist Annual Tourist 2014
7,900,000 Annual Money Spent 2014
$1,720,000,000
/ sq mi
City of Los Angeles Median Income
Santa Monica Median Income
$74,000
7,000
vs
$55,900
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Residential
Tourist Program
Parks & Open Space
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The City has a long-standing commitment to develop and maintain a network of high-quality public parks. Santa Monica’s 30 parks account for 132 acres of public park space, with 97% of this area being permeable. Given limited land resources, the City actively seeks out creative ways to add to the community’s public park inventory.
Parks
30 Public Open Space
147
acres
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k ar lP ia or em M
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Cl
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a gv n To
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e in ar M
rk Pa
k
r Pa w Vie ark an P ce thy O oro D
Parks & Open Space
k Vi
k rso de Pa l
rg
in
ia
Pa r n sP ar isa
k
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da G
an
Re ris ed tin Pa e E rk me
ra
Pa r Ch
Pa r sl la ug Do
k
Public Transportation I Surface
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City of Santa Monica encourages people to take public transportation. However, the “first mile, last mile“ issue is still a big challenge for local residents. The increasingly time consumption and frustration in transportation require an integrated design strategy with careful assessment of the accumulative effect on transportation. 82% of the city’s public works vehicles run on alternative fuels. The food supply, water and energy infrastructure are also increasingly under pressure due to the large amount of daily visitors.
Big Blue Bus
55,000
passengers per day
Expo Line
24,000
passengers per day
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Bus Route
Bus Stop
Expo Line
Expo Station
Public Transportation I Air
The city owns and operates Santa Monica Airport, which has been the site of several important aviation achievements.
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SMO Departure Operations 40000
30000
20000
10000
0
2012 Helicoptor
Flight Paths of SMO
2012.8 Jet
2013.10
2015.2
Piston
Turbprop
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Departure
Arrival
Santa Monica Sustainability goals 100% Renewable Energy in 2050
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Santa Monica is one of the most environmentally activist municipalities in the nation. The city was the first one in the nation proposed and adopted a comprehensive sustainability plan. Till 2013, with the total electricity use of 820,588,841kWh, 22.85% of electricity in Santa Monica is generated as renewable energy. Within the 22.85% of renewable energy, there is only 0.99% of the energy is generated by solar. The city’s goal is to use 50% of renewable energy by the year of 2020 and 100% renewable energy by 2050.
Electricity Consumption 798.26M kWh 2010 22.85% from Renewable Energy (2013) 50% from Renewable Energy (2020)
Natural Gas Consumption 26.91M therms 2010
Residential School Commercial
Non Self-sustainable Area
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Urban runoff facility (SMURFF) catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons of water each week flow into the bay via storm-drains and selld it back to endusers within the city for reuse as gray-water. Till now, there are two supply wells in city of Santa Monica that keep 17,700 homes serviced, with 17,847 connections and with service area of 8.3 sq mi. 70% of water consumed by City of Santa Monica is from local resource. City has set up goal that by the year of 2020, the entire city will be 100% selfsufficient in water supply. Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
PR
100% Local Water in 2020
PR
PR
Hydrant Main Reservoir Well Pressure Regulator
Water Distribution
PART I RESEARCH
SANTA MONICA AIRPORT ISSUES & CHALLENGES
02
History of Santa Monica Airport
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Santa Monica Municipal Airport (SMO), once the legendary Douglas Aircraft Company and “Clover Field“ after WWI. During the WWII, the site served as Army’s 40thw Division Aviation and survived through the war with false “town“ built atop it. Fail to lengthen airport’s runway, Donald Douglas closed the 44,000 - employee plant after WWII and moved airliner production to Long Beach.
History of City of Santa Monica
1921 Douglas Aircraft Company Founded first plant
1910
1920
WORLD WAR1
1930
1941 Douglas Company Transforms city to home for workers
1940
GREAT DEPRESSION
1950
WORLD WAR2
1975 Douglas Aircraft Company Left SMO
1960 KOREAN WAR
1970
1981 FAA and SMAA file Lawsuit
1980
1990
BOOMING OF U.S ECONOMY
2020 New SMO
2000
2050
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Issue
Air Pollution
cancer risk artery disease children brain damage
Noise
1/3 noise ordinance violations no buffer zone
Low Revenue
annual fee: gross revenue: total net position:
5.3M 5.8M 5.5M
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Visioning Process
2011 - 2013
Phase I~III 2016 - 2017
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Now 2028 -
Next
community engagement survey, interview, limited analysis continue discussion design recommendation
airport closure
release closure date 2028 snapchat moved into SMO
airport 2 park
new sports facility 60 community gardens family playground
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PART IIIRESEARCH PROJ EC
RE-PURPOSED AIRPORTS Case Studies I. El Toro Marine Corps Air Station II. Kai Tak Airport
03
1940s
El Toro Marine Corps Air Station
2001
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Orange County, California
National Govt
4682 Acres
(US Dept of Navy)
Private Ownership (Lennor Corporation)
$650M
Noise complaints
Value of Surrounding neighborhoods
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Orange County Great Park
Public Ownership (City of Irvine)
$200M
Developers
Revenue $
Investment $
Residential Homeowners
Park / Recreation Support $
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28% of land
OPEN IN 2007
I nstitute
2007
Great Park Development Plan
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Residential Schools Commercial Cemetery Sites City-owned Parks/Recreation Wildlife Reserve
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$
from Residential
Residential
Developer (FivePoint Communities)
(homeowners)
50%
for only
50% of
of original residential area
park developed
Community Facilities (park and recreation)
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$250M
Develop
1925-1998
Kai Tak Airport
2001
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Hong Kong
LocalGovt
790 Acres
(Hong Kong Gov)
Central Business District
Not enough land
Inactive neighborhoods
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2009
Kai Tak Development
$17B
Diverse Enterprises
Saving $
Investment $
Natural Ecology
Healthy City Support $
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Kai Tak Development
40% of land
I nstitute
2006
Kai Tak Development
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Commercial Comprehensive Development Residential (A) Residential (B) Residential (C) Government, Institution or Community Open Space Other Specified Uses Other Specified Uses(Amenity Area)
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$
overall estimate
City Economy
(HK Gov)
Funding
25%
$17B
of HKD $1B
Tourist Attractions (Cruise Terminal, Park/Recreation)
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Generate only
Govt
PART II PROJ EC
3 PROJECT STRATEGIES I. Feed Santa Monica II. Density without Visual Density III. Santa Monica Back of House
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Project 01 I Feed Santa Monica Techno - Bloom
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01
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Santa Monica Food Distribution System
at least 48 hours travel time
California Agriculture Import Path
30% food waste 3 hours drive with traffic
Santa Monica Agriculture Import Path
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Farmers Markets Grocery Stores & Supermarkets Restaurants & Healthy Stores 1/4 Radius Walking Distance
Current Santa Monica Food Access Low Efficient Multi-Stop Delivery Process
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Fold Farm Back into City as Concentrated
Inte l
ona
ti rna
Feed Santa Monica
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Production & Distribution Hub
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2016
Feed 89,700 Santa Monica Residents Daily Santa Monica Area:
Needed Area: 4,700 acres Equals to: 0.85 X Santa Monica
5440 acres
=
16M lbs 1600 acres fresh vegetables
16M lbs 2500 acres fresh fruits SMO 227 acres
SMO 227 acres
0.4M lbs 650 acres fresh flowers & honey
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Traditional Farming
2050 Feed
100,000 Santa Monica Residents Daily
Santa Monica Area:
Needed Area: 5,500 acres Equals to: 1.0 X Santa Monica FAR: 1.0
5440 acres
=
18M lbs 1820 acres fresh vegetables
18M lbs 2800 acres fresh fruits SMO 227 acres
SMO 227 acres
Traditional Farming
0.5M lbs 730 acres fresh flowers & honey
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Needed Area: 400 acres Equals to: 0.07 X Santa Monica FAR: 1.8
=
Needed Area: 400 acres Equals to: 0.07 X Santa Monica FAR: 1.8
= SMO 227 acres
Hydroponic Farming
SMO 227 acres
Hydroponic Farming
Techno - Bloom PAINT THE CITY PINK WITH GREEN
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Design: Deborah Liu, Luyan Shen, Yake Wang Instructor: Thom Mayne, Eui-Sung Yi The increasing world population means 50% more food is needed to grow within 50% less arable land area per person due to climate change and urban development. Current distribution problems regarding spoilage and costs continue to worsen as farms are pushed further away from the metropolis. Folding the farm back into the city to alleviate the issue of distribution is proposed through the following 2 strategies: 1) Simplifying the supply chain; 2) Maximizing efficiency. Using advanced farming and delivering technology such as hydroponic systems and drones showcases the future generation of farming and distribution and allows the public to reimagine various environmental scenarios within the farming world. In addition, analyzing, occupying, and redefining a large existing site located in the intersection of the City of Santa Monica and City of Los Angeles form a new way of looking at infrastructure that can be transformed into not only a mothership that feeds its surroundings to strengthen the producer-supplier-and-consumer relationship but also a central hub that brings the world together in one place.
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Techno - Bloom
surface landscape
th
28
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70%
St e Av ve ro
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Site Plan
Maximize Efficiency, Minimize Supply Chain
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Aerial View of Distribution Model with Both Ground & Air Distribution System
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=
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18M lbs 1820 acres fresh vegetables
18M lbs 5 acres fresh vegetables
= 18M lbs 2800 acres fresh fruits
18M lbs 90 acres fresh fruits
= 0.5M lbs 730 acres fresh flowers & honey
0.5M lbs 300 acres fresh flowers & honey
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Urbanizing the Farm
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Urbanizing the Landscape
The Production Organization Are Along A Simple Axis
Production Vegetable Farm Production Area: 5 acres Production Amount: 18M lbs
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Fruit Farm Production Area: 90 acres Production Amount: 18M lbs Flower & Honey Farm Production Area: 300 acres Production Amount: 0.5M lbs
Processing
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Water System Water Storage Water Purifying System
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Distribution Market Surface Distribution
nt
el
a
Av
e
28
th
nal
io Nat
Blvd
5 min walk
Bu
St
e riv
in
yD nd
Ce
Bu
S
yD nd e riv
ve
o gr al W
t
ey S
Dew
e Av
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Distribution System
Distribution System Vehicular System Expo Line Monorail System
Expo Line & Station
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Vehicular System
Monorail System
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Transportation System
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Flower Field
Water Purifying System Aquaponic
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Expo Line Station
Production Area
Entry
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Market Plaza
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Production Area Hydroponic
Expo Line
Expo Line Station
Production Area Aquaponic
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Monirail Station
Food Market Plaza
Restaurant
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Section Model for Food Market Plaza
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Site Model
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View of Production Area
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View of Tram Station
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Aerial View of Flower Field
PART II PROJ EC Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
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Project 02 I Density without Visual Density Invisible City
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02
Santa Monica is Poised to Receive 200K of People By 2050. Yet Santa Monica Airport is Slated to Become a Park.
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200K
93K 8.4
Population
Square Mile
SMO
227
Acre
Freeway Bike Routes Metro Landscape
Santa Monica | Existing Condition
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7K
Footprint
House Units Square Mile
Commercial School Industrial Density Attraction
Santa Monica | Land Use
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1:3.5
I nstitute
In A City That Does Not Need Another Park, Can We Absorb Increasing Residential?
How To Provide Double Density without Visible Density Above Ground
Green Space
85%
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Landscape
15%
Built Area
85%
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Residential
200% 24K
15%
Built Area
85%
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Below Ground
Invisible City
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Design: Niloufar Golkarihagh, Ran Israeli, Sarah Jafarpour, Jihun Son Instructor: Thom Mayne, Eui-Sung Yi The Invisible City at the former Santa Monica Airport site is an ecological and urban transformation that would provide high-performance landscaping and increased residential density. The scheme provides for housing while preserving most of the land surface and enhancing the quality of life in Santa Monica with parks and recreational areas. The housing will be established underground - maximizing space and providing a safe environment from natural hazards such as fire, wind, and earthquakes. Implemented with urban resilience in mind, the underground dwelling saves up to 80% of energy, limits noise, reduces pollution, and maintains consistent temperatures. This agenda allows the city to move forward to a new paradigm of urbanism, where built forms and land uses are closely integrated with the prioritization of green spaces and people-oriented travel modes such as walking, cycling, and public transit.
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Invisible City
surface landscape
th
28
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85%
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Site Plan
Parkland Density | Landscape
Santa Monica
731
Population Area
Malibu
289
Population Area
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Transit Oriented Development | Density
1/2 Mile from a Metro Transit Stop
Up to 150 Dwelling units per acre
Housing | Density
Santa Monica
11K
Population
sqmile
Population
sqmile
Population
sqmile
Hollywood
22K Malibu
640
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nd
Bu
ve
la
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e
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Bro
nA
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okh
yD
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lvd
al B
tion
Na
e
vd
th
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St
Natio
Covered Driveway Mixed Use
28
Pedestrian Walkway Mixed Use
Continuous Pattern of Human Behavior Infrastructure S
Connection Linkage
th
25 St
th
23 St
e
riv
yD
nd
Bu
rt
wa
Ste Av e
ey St
Dew
lg Wa
ey St
Dew
eA
rov ve
Continuous Pattern of Human Behavior Infrastructure
Underground Driveway Underground Parking
Provide Movability and Accessibility Connection Public Plaza Pedestrian Walkway
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Site Plan
The Housing Exists within A Reconfigured Preserve Runway as a Historical Heritage Infrastructure
Runway - Park & Residential Complex
Forming Neighborhood Gradually Residential Single Family Housing + Apartments Underground Neighborhood
Population
200% 24K
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Preserve Runway as a Historical Heritage Infrastructure
Pedestrian Walkway Runway - Park & Residential Complex
Forming Neighborhood Gradually Residential Single Family Housing + Apartments Underground Neighborhood
Population
200% 24K
Continuous Pattern of Human Behavior Edge Condition
Forming Neighborhood Gradually Residential
Single Family Housing + Apartments Underground Neighborhood
Single Family Housing + Apartments Underground Neighborhood
Population
200% 24K
Underground Landscape Landscape Nodes
Continuous Pattern of Human Behavior Open Spaces + Program
Edge Nodes Public Spaces
Clover Park
Penmar Golf Course
Performative Landscape
Commercial Park
Airport Park
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Topography
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Looking Towards Residential Area
System Breakdown
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85%
15%
Green Space Built Area
Above Ground Below Ground 15% Green Space Built Area
85%
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+ Subtractive Process - Excavated Land
Additive Process - Infrastructure
System Breakdown
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Landscape
Infrastructure
Building
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Surface Landscape
Performative Landscape
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Pedestrian and Bicycle
Residential + Hotel
Surface Linkage
Commercial/Institutional/Cultural
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Public Plazas and Spaces are Strategically
Bike Route
Residential
Runway
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Sized For Maximum Daylight Penetration
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Linkage
Civic Center
Transit
Residential
Bike Route
Amphitheater
Programs are Layered in Accordance to Daylight Needs
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Residential | Program
Commercial | Program
40% Residential
40% Residential
10% Recreational
10% Recreational
20% Commercial
20% Commercial
15% Cultural
15% Cultural
10% Institutional
10% Institutional
5% Parking
5% Parking
Recreational | Program
Cultural | Program
40% Residential
40% Residential
10% Recreational
10% Recreational
20% Commercial
20% Commercial
15% Cultural
15% Cultural
10% Institutional
10% Institutional
5% Parking
5% Parking
Residential
Recreational Center Sports Stadium Amphi Theater Theater
Tram Station
Residential
Museum Swimming Pool Fitness Center Library
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Institutional | Program
I nstitute
Theaters & Bigbox Retail & Parking are at The Bottom Parking| Program
40% Residential
40% Residential
10% Recreational
10% Recreational
Parking | Program Program Residential
40%
Commercial
20% Commercial
10%
20% Commercial
Recreational
20%
Cultural 15%
Institutional 10%
5%
15% Cultural
15% Cultural
10% Institutional
10% Institutional
5% Parking
5% Parking
Parking
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Programmed Hybrids | Taxonomy Programmed Hybrids Infrastructure
Landscape
Build Program
Mixed Use Residential
City Center
Residential Theater Parking Lot
Low Density Housing
Institutional Plaza
Low Density Residential
Public Facility
Civic Center Senior Center Daycare Library
Commercial & Residential
Theater
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Looking Through Underground Residential
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Looking Towards Former Runway
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Looking Towards Mixed Use Hub
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Site Model for Invisible Density
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Site Model for Invisible Density
PART II PROJ EC Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
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Project 03 I Santa Monica Back of House The City Engine
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03
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Decentralized to Centralized
34.0195° N, 118.4912° W
Energy
21 820,588,841kWh 4091kW 0.99% 5.48T 2.38T 2.37T
Southern California Edison 10 Miles solar water and energy projects completed total electricity use solar capacity solar of general electricity consumption santa monica all type BTU santa monica residential BTU santa monica commercial BTU
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Amazon Distribution Center 67 Miles SNA6
I nstitute
San Joaquin Delta 380 Miles
Transport
1,970,000 59,500PM 70% 1,206 1.65:1 40% 0.8 59,500
Landfill Waste Management 35 Miles
dailyweekday VMT peak hour trips City fleet vehicles using alternative fuels low or no-emission vehicles average vehicle ridership (AVR) sustainable modes of transportation vehicles per capita PM peak hour trips
Waste
Water
Distrubution method - 205 miles of water main - 18,000 meters of pipe, - 3,439 valves, - 40 million gallons storage, 4,451,243 Hundred of gallons CF, 205 miles of water main Service breakdown -17,700 homes seviced, - 93,000ppl serviced, - 17,847 connections, - sevice area 8.3 sqmi, - 12 supply wells
Colorado River 240 miles
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Locations of Landfills (tons) Chiquita Canyon Landfill 53,234.71 Sunshine Canyon Landfill 6,109.66 Commerce Refuse-To-Energy 6,926.28 Southeast Resource Recovery Facility 6,091.41 USA Waste of California d/b/a Agromin Organics 12,934.99 Recology Los Angeles 1,618.90 USA Waste of California d/b/a Downtown Diversion 1,354.27 Total 88,270.22
20% Infrastructure Contribute to 50% Renewable Energy
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Landscape
95%
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20% Renewable Energy
50% Water
100%
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Infrastructure
I nstitute
& 100% Water in 2050
The City Engine HOW CAN SANTA MONICA ACHIEVE 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY, 100% LOCAL WATER, AND ENHANCED ECOSYSTEM HEALTH BY 2050?
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Design: John Paul Salcido, Kevin Sherrod, Baocheng Yang Instructor: Thom Mayne, Eui-Sung Yi It’s already accomplished a certain amount (23%); it can accomplish more via bottom-up strategies; 50% by 2030 but there is a remainder that must be solved via top-down centralized planning. The SMA site can accommodate all of the necessary top-down infrastructure to make Santa Monica reach its sustainability goals. It’s like achieving a desired weight: you have to know your current weight, then accomplish some by diet & exercise (bottom-up), and the rest is nutritional supplements (top-down). SMA site provides the Supplements -- the heavy infrastructure -- to make all of Santa Monica sustainable. The main concept is to go from a decentralized infrastructure to a more powerful, energy producing infrastructure.It would add to an already innovative Santa monica as a leader to a more sustainable, and energy efficient future.The main concept is to go from a decentralized infrastructure to a more powerful, energy producing infrastructure.
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The City Engine
surface landscape
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Site Plan
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2,200,000 FT2 Newly Freed Space Offered Bak to Santa Monica
The diagram marks the locations of public storage, city bus depots, trash and recycle, and the cities water treatment locations that illustrate the property now housed on our site. These marks represent 2 million square feet of newly freed space offered back to Santa Monica for future sustainability endeavors.
Memorial Santa Monica Airport, keeping the purity of the runway.
Ridge Dividing the site into quarter miles, and zones.
Active/Passive Project Diagram
Continuing the green urban canopy of Santa Monica.
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Desalination Plant
Top Down 10%
30 GPCD Xeriscaping
Bottom Up 20%
Water Waste Recycling Center SMURFF Water Reclamation Plant
1,000 Acres Ecosystem Health Warehouses, bus depots Private Property Native Planting
Current 70%
X Acres Preserved or Park Land X% of Population Living Within 1/4 Mile of a Park Natural Habitat
Nature
54%
Top Down 15% Bottom Up 5%
Current 80%
100%
24% Santa Monica 2017 Sustainable Strategy & Goals
Santa Monica 2030 50%
Santa Monica 2030-2050
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1M Gallons Water
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Site Plan
Line Ecology
Primary Lights
Park Benches
Secondary
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80%
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y Lighting
Landscape
Green Space Augmented/Performative Landscape
Infrastructure
Renewable Tech Parking, Pedestrians Amazon Warehouse/Data Center/eV 20% Rideship/Bus Depot/Water Treatment/ Incinerator/EV Parking + Discharge
Distribution
Voids + Skylight
Systems Agglomeration
4.5% Bus Depot & Autonomous Vehicles 500,000 sq ft
Open Spaces 6,300,000 sq ft 46%
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500,000 sq ft
4.5% Water Desalination 1,100,000 sq ft 9%
Utility-scale Solar PV Array 3,300,000 sq ft 27%
Waste Incinerator Energy Plant 1,100,000 sq ft
9%
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Pedestrian Circulation
Vehicular Circulation
Services Bridges Building
Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
Incinerator Stacks
Glazing Water Features
Landscape
Revitalized Site
Program Diagram
Picnic
Basketball Fields
Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
Water Park
UTILITY LOOP
INCINERATOR
BIOGAS BYPRODUCT
SUBSTATION CHILLER HEAT EXCHANGE PLANT ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANT
LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION
MATERIAL RECYCLING CENTER
RECYCLED TREATED WATER EMERGENCY CISTERN WATER STORAGE TO DISTRIBUTION LOOP
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Rock Climbing
Jogging Path
Concerts/Entertainment
Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
STORMWATER CAPTURE
RECYCLED WATER HOUSING
RAINWATER ABSORPTION BY RIVER AND PONDS
Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
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Close View of Utility
Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
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Night View towards Park
NOW INSTITUTE TEAM EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR THOM MAYNE DIRECTOR EUI-SUNG YI PROGRAM COORDINATOR RYAN DOLYE
Now Quarterly 03 | 2017
RESEARCH COORDINATOR ANNIE EBY GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCHER NILOUFAR GOLKAR RAN ISRAELI SARA JAFARPOUR BARAK KAZENELENBOGEN PEGAH KOULAEIAN DEBORAH LIU JOHN PAUL SALCIDO DUNIA ABU SHANAB LUYAN SHEN KEVIN SHERROD JIHUN SON YAKE WANG BAOCHENG YANG
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Now Quarterly 03 | 2017