Tuesday • February 21, 2012 — D1
The Sentinel at www.cumberlink.com
Kids World
Megan bollinger Copy Editor Phone 240-7111
Fax 243-3121 Email mbollinger@cumberlink.com
When kids speak out, The Sentinel listens
Kids Speak Out
Tell Me A Story
My favorite thing to do on the weekend is .... My favorite thing to do on the weekend is my hobby. Cheerleading! Cheerleading is my life. Sometimes I have a two-day competition which is when I have a competition Saturday and Sunday. But, sometimes I have one day competitions which could be Saturday or Sunday. I love cheerleading and I’m very lucky that I do it. Caylynn Bunhower, 9 (WINNER) Fourth grade Fishing Creek Elementary
My favorite thing to do on the weekend is to invent things all day long. Jillian Daggs, 10 Fourth grade Fishing Creek Elementary
My favorite thing to do on the weekend is go to my BFF’s house and watch scary movies with popcorn.
My favorite thing to do on the weekend is play with my 4-year-old neighbor. We pretend that a straw is a wand, a skirt is a gown and that a headband is a pretty tiara. We pretend to fight dragons, go to the ball and to be a famous singer. We never see each other without having an adventure. Rebecca is one of the best 4-year-olds I know with a giant imagination. If it wasn’t for her, I wouldn’t know what to do!
Jara Mumma, 10 Fourth grade Fishing Creek Elementary
My favorite thing to on the weekend is watching Downton Abbey Masterpiece Theater Classic with my mom, dad, brother and grandma. It is fun. I also like to bake cookies with my grandma. I like to wrestle my brother with no shoes or coats on. That is my favorite thing to do on a weekend.
An original tale
My favorite thing to do on the weekend is play hide and go seek with my dad. Riley Newell, 6 Kindergarten Grace Baptist
Maggie Marie Burton, 10 (WINNER) Fifth grade Carroll Elementary
My favorite thing to do on the weekend is to ride bikes with my daddy. We love to ride in the woods. Sometimes we pack a lunch. We found a pond. We saw a bunch of squirrels. It was so cool! There was so many things to see. We explored many times. We found that pond 2 to 3 years ago. We still go. That’s what I do on the weekends, ride bike with my dad. Erin Garvey, 11 Fifth grade Carroll Elementary
Anna Arensdorf, 8 (WINNER) Second grade Hillside Elementary
An essay on history By Georgia Mantione, 8 Second grade Shaull Elementary School What is history? It is the story of our past. We learn about history because it tells us who discovered our country and who lived before us. I love history because it is so interesting! You can learn a lot from history when you pay attention! History is one of my favorite subjects in school. There are many famous American people in history. My most favorite thing about history is to learn about
Tell us what you think at www.4Kids.org/ speakout
To complete the Kid Quest Challenge: Visit the websites featured in this issue, find the answers to our questions, then go to www.4Kids.org/ kidquest
Go to our website: www.4Kids.org/askamy Or write: Ask Amy, 236 J.R. Pearson Hall, 1122 West Campus Rd., Lawrence, KS 66045
in Lancaster. Our president right now is Barack Obama. He lives in the White House. Many people think history is boring but I don’t think it’s boring. In Virginia I saw Thomas Jefferson’s home, Monticello. Thomas Jefferson was our third president! I hope you learn a lot and enjoy history just like I did in history! You should learn a lot to!
Amy answers your questions about the World Wide Web at www.4Kids.org/askamy
Up North
Something Fun
The Smithsonian’s Alaska Native Collections, alaska.si.edu, invites curious kids to take a journey to Alaska as they learn about indigenous people and their art, values, culture and beliefs. Sample the Smithsonian collections as you mouse over objects such as helmets, kayaks, ceremonial bowls and more. Click on the ones you want to learn more about and discover what native elders have to say as you browse through their history and pictures. Check out Cultures before you move on, and see which people inhabit different areas.
Kids can rock out at Chuck Vanderchuck's “Something Something” Explosion, pbskids.org/ chuck. Begin with Music and choose from salsa, jazz, reggae, country or rock. Pick your favorite, then the band will tell you the origin of that genre, who performed it, and the instruments to listen for. Move over to Videos and watch Chuck, Ramona and Zeppelin get their groove on, tell crazy jokes and offer fun music facts. They will have you bobbin' your head and stompin' your feet! Rock steady with this awesome collection of music.
What culture is the “dag” or tunic from?
Animal Awareness
Where did salsa music begin?
Our Endangered Animals konicaminolta.com/kids/endangered_animals Endangered Species aspca.org/aspcakids/real-issues/endangeredspecies.aspx
More Than Just a Veggie Meet the fungi, bacteria, viruses, algae and protozoa in the spotlight at Science: The Children's University of Manchester, www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/micro organisms. Dr. David Moore, a mycologist (a person who studies fungi), wants to let you into the cool fungus kingdom to explore. From cheese and edible mushrooms to medicines that keep you healthy, fungi are present in your everyday life. Once you think you know all there is to know about mushrooms, play Match the Mushroom and test your skills. Now learn which micro-organism appeared nearly 4 billion years ago!
The world is full of wonderful and unique creatures. Unfortunately, more than 17,000 species of animals and plants are endangered and could become extinct. There are ways to help, and the first step is awareness. Learn all about endangered species and what we can do to help at the sites below. Then share what you've learned with friends and family. Making simple changes to “green” your daily routine can indirectly benefit endangered animals as well as the planet we all share.
In step four of the fungi life cycle, what does the mushroom do?
Endangered Species Program fws.gov/endangered Green Tips worldwildlife.org/who/green-headquarters/ green-tips.html
Copyright © 2012, 4Learners Associates, Inc. Distributed by Universal Uclick 02/19/12
When you are craving something sweet, what do you reach for?
the presidents and where they live. I want to visit George Washington’s home! It is almost time to pick a new president! Do you know that Washington, D.C. is named after George Washington and D.C. stands for District of Colombia? Everyone in the USA calls George Washington the father of our country. There is one president who lived in Lancaster. James Buchanan lived
How you can get involved with Kids Speak Out Want To See Your Name Here?
Upcoming Topics
Hey, kids! How would you like to get your story published Due Feb. 24 in Kids Speak Out? Just write a short story on one of our prompts and send If I had a million dollars I would... it to The Sentinel. You can also draw a picture to go with your story. Each Due March 2 week, The Sentinel will publish some of the stories we receive in KidWhen I’m riding the school bus I like to... sWorld and on www.cumberlink.com. Only the top three essay writers, Due March 9 published on this page, will receive KidsWorld T-shirts. To claim T-shirts, visit The Sentinel during normal business hours. I was eating lunch with my friends when... You must be 5 to 13 years old to enter. Stories must be 150 words or less. Due March 16 Be sure to include your full name, age, address, school and grade. Mail The snow was beginning to melt so I .... your entry to “Kids Speak Out,” The Sentinel, 457 E. North St., Carlisle, PA 17013, drop it off at either Sentinel office or mail it to frontdoor@cumberMue March 23 link.com with the subject “KidsWorld.” My least favorite chore is...
The man who believed adapted by Amy Friedman illustrated by Jillian Gilliland
Long ago, on a hot February day in the Australian Outback, a young man called Pindan led a group of tourists on a camel trek. Pindan hoped to convey the soul of this place, to teach the visitors of the great gifts of the Anangu people. The group had just toured ancient cave paintings and was headed toward Uluru or Ayers Rock, the sandstone rock formation at the southern edge of the Northern Territory. “Uluru is sacred to the Anangu,” Pindan explained. “As we ride, I shall tell you tales of the Dreamtime. There is one rule. You must not ride out of my sight.” Pindan looked carefully into everyone’s eyes as he said this. This land was vast and spectacular, but to these strangers every part of it might look the same as every other part. The riders could easily get lost. Three girls especially worried Pindan, but he was grateful for the serious gray-haired fellow called Walter. Walter was intelligent and eager to hear Pindan’s stories, but he, too, seemed wary of these girls. The girls were from California, and the first thing Pindan noticed was how differently they dressed from the other travelers. They wore expensive trousers and stylish boots, while the others wore practical khakis and canvas shoes. Dressing up to ride a camel across this land made no sense, but then, little about these girls made sense. They had packed large backpacks, though the group was camping and needed little. They laughed too loudly; they spoke out of turn; they boasted. “We can’t ride this slowly,” one of the girls complained. “We’re experts -- not like these people,” she pointed a painted fingernail at the other tourists. The other two girls flipped their long hair, like haughty horses swishing their tails. Pindan could see that Walter was interested in his stories and in the vast landscape, and that he did not like the girls. As they rode and Pindan talked, Walter listened closely, and this pleased Pindan, so he turned his attention from the girls and continued his tales. “The world was a featureless place until creatures, plants and people were created and began to travel across the land. As they were created and destroyed, they formed the landscape. Our land is still inhabited by the spirits of those ancestral beings.” Someone asked Pindan to tell stories about Ayers Rock. “There are many stories,” Pindan said, and he began with this one: “Some say that two boys were playing in the mud after a rainstorm,” Pindan said. “This was during Dreamtime, and when the boys finished their game, they traveled south toward Mount Conner. But they began to fight. They fought all the way toward the table-topped mountain, and their bodies are preserved there as boulders.” At this, the three girls burst out laughing. “Boulders can’t be boys!” one of them guffawed. Tears of sadness formed in Pindan’s eyes; Walter was so angry, he felt his hands beginning to form into fists. Walter knew a lot about this land. He knew the Anangu people considered themselves direct descendants of those who roamed the land 40,000 years ago, in the time known as Dreamtime. This was a sacred place, which these girls would never understand. They rode on, and the day began to cool off as the sun approached the horizon. In the Outback, night fell suddenly -- one moment it was day and the next it would be pitch-dark night. Pindan went on with his stories, but suddenly someone called, “Where are the girls?” and Walter looked up just in time to see a speck in the distance that might have been one of them on her camel. Then she was gone. The sun began to set and darkness made its rapid descent. “They’re lost!” someone cried. Pindan quickly led the group to a campsite. “No one must leave this place,” he said. “Build a fire, pitch your tents, and I will search for the girls.” He nodded at Walter, and Walter nodded back, silently agreeing to be the caretaker while Pindan was gone. Pindan rode away, and when Walter no longer heard the camel’s hooves galloping across the land, he gathered the others around the fire. He could feel the spirits of the Anangu -- their power, their warmth, their understanding of this world. Walter thought of the story Pindan had told of two tribes of ancestral spirits invited to a feast at Uluru and of a great battle that led to the deaths of the leaders of both tribes. The very earth had risen up in grief and had become Uluru. Pindan had also told them that some believed that anyone who took a rock from the formation would suffer great misfortune. Walter was certain the girls had taken a rock from Uluru. For a moment he thought that now they would be lost forever. He heard someone whisper, “What if Pindan doesn’t find them? What will we do?” Walter knew he could easily turn the others against the girls. He just had to tell them they had stolen a rock from Uluru. He opened his mouth, and then he thought of the Aboriginals, born under the shadow of Uluru. Their stories were the core of life, the subject of art, the tie to the ancestors. In their language, belief was knowledge, and knowledge was belief. There were no separate words for these things. Walter closed his eyes. He knew if he believed the girls were gone, they would be gone, forever. He listened for the sound of laughter, wind, of camels’ hooves tapping the earth. And then he spoke. “They will be saved,” he said. A few minutes later he heard the sound of hooves and Pindan appeared on his camel, leading the girls back to the camp. He looked at the others. “They’ve been saved because Pindan believed they would be,” he said. And this was true.
D2 — The Sentinel at www.cumberlink.com Megan bollinger Copy Editor Phone 240-7111
Kids World
Tuesday • February 21, 2012 Fax 243-3121 Email mbollinger@cumberlink.com
When kids speak out, The Sentinel listens 7-1 (12)
release dates: February 18-24
Mini Spy . . .
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Meet Our Long-Lost Relatives
Discoveries
Time and place
In 1856, miners discovered some strange bones. The miners brought them to an expert on the human body. He realized the bones came from an entirely different species of human. Since these bones were found in the Neander Valley in Germany, the species was called Neanderthal (neeAN-der-tal). “Tal,� or “thal,� means “valley� in German. Although other Neanderthal bones had been found, this was the first time anybody understood that they were from a different kind of human. At first, people thought they were from a diseased modern human. Other finds showed that the Neanderthal truly was an early, different type of human.
Although Neanderthals are now extinct, they were on Earth nearly as long as modern humans have been. Modern humans, or Homo sapiens (HO-mo SAY-pee-enz), have been around for about 200,000 years. Neanderthals lived from about 200,000 to 28,000 years ago, about 170,000 years. They lived in western Asia and Europe. As this Neanderthal skull shows, Neanderthals had heavy brow ridges and large noses.
Meet Jane Lynch photo by Nic Adams
Jane Lynch is the voice of a visitor from outer space, Miss Power, in a special episode of the TV SERIES h7ORD'IRLv ON 0"3 +IDS 'O 4HE SHOW “The Rise of Miss Power,� deals with the problem of bullies who use words to hurt. It first airs on &EB )T IS PART OF A SERIES OF 0"3 +IDS SHOWS on bullying that will air throughout this year. Jane Lynch has acted in commercials, movies and TV shows, including “Glee.� She is the voice of Mrs. Johnson on the Disney TV series “Phineas and Ferb.� She was the voice of Gretched in the movie “Shrek Forever After.� She is also the voice of Nebula in the video game “Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet.� Jane, 51, was born in Dolton, Ill. She earned degrees in theater in college. She loves animals and has done work supporting animal shelters. from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick
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Supersport: Ryan Callahan Height: 5-11 Weight: 190
John Gurche, artist / Chip Clark, photographer, courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
Neanderthals had large noses that helped them when they breathed in cold air. Big noses helped warm the air before the Neanderthals breathed it into their lungs.
A nose for cold Cold air is drier than warm air. When it enters our noses, it warms up and picks up moisture. When we breathe out, the moisture drops back into our noses so we don’t lose too much water. This is partly why your nose runs in cold weather. Big noses are better at warming air and keeping it moist in the cold.
Family resemblance Can you imagine what it would have been like to meet another species of human? What would your life have been like as a Neanderthal? The Smithsonian has a free app to show you what you might have looked like as another species of human. You can try it out for yourself at: HTTP HUMANORIGINS SI EDU RESOURCES MULTIMEDIA MOBILE APPS photo courtesy Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons
We don’t know if Neanderthals had language or not. Language has helped modern humans share ideas and communicate across distances. There is evidence Neanderthals cared for one another. They buried their dead. At one site, they had laid flowers in the grave. We don’t know if this means they believed in an afterlife. It probably does mean that group cared for the person who died. There is also evidence that Neanderthals cared for wounded or sick members. This caring probably helped them survive longer. Modern humans eventually outnumbered Neanderthals. This could be one reason why the Neanderthals became extinct.
Will as he is.
Will as a Neanderthal man.
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The Mini Page Staff Betty Debnam - Founding Editor and Editor at Large Lisa Tarry - Managing Editor Lucy Lien - Associate Editor Wendy Daley - Artist
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<j^YZ id i]Z 8dchi^iji^dc The popular nine-part series on the Constitution, written in collaboration with the National Archives, is now packaged as a colorful 32-page softcover book. The series covers: s the preamble, the seven articles and 27 amendments s the â&#x20AC;&#x153;big ideasâ&#x20AC;? of the document s the history of its making and the signers
Neanderthals hunted by getting close enough to animals to attack them with spears. Experts can tell that their spear points were not small enough to fly far through the air. Their spears were made to hit the animal from close up. Their bones show many breaks and fractures, much like the bones of rodeo riders today. These broken bones are signs they had close encounters with big, dangerous animals. from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick
All the following jokes have something in common. Can you guess the common theme or category?
*Genes are a type of coding that is passed from parent to child. They can affect our bodiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; health and growth.
photo by Lisa Tarry
Social network
Hunting
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Recently, scientists made an exciting discovery. They found Neanderthal genes* in some modern humans. This gene discovery means that about 70,000 to 60,000 years ago, Homo sapiens in Asia mated and had children with Neanderthals. The Neanderthals passed on genes that gave humans in that area immunity (i-MYOON-i-tee), or protection, against certain diseases. This probably gave those modern humans a survival advantage over other humans.
Neanderthals invented thrusting spears that worked for them. However, when modern humans came along with throwing spears as well, this gave modern humans an advantage in hunting. This picture is from an exhibit in the Neandertal-Museum in Germany.
from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick
Next to Neanderthals, modern people would look like wimps. Neanderthals were very strong, with a lot of muscle mass. Just to survive, they had to be active every day. Experts say about 90 percent of their diet was meat. They had to hunt, prepare and cook the meat.
from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick
Meeting our cousins
Next week, The Mini Page is about your health report card.
from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick
This exhibit from a museum in France shows a Neanderthal man in the Ice Age.
Why are we, Homo sapiens, the only humans to survive? What happened to the Neanderthals? Experts say there is no evidence that modern humans fought against the Neanderthals. Neanderthalsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; brains were bigger than ours. They were smart. So why didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t they survive?
The Mini Page thanks Dr. Rick Potts, director of the Human Origins Program, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, for help with this issue.
Simple Salad
Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll need: s MEDIUM TOMATOES SLICED s 1 4 teaspoon pepper and quartered s TEASPOON SALT s LARGE CUCUMBER PEELED s 1 2 teaspoon dried basil (optional) halved and sliced s 1 4 cup apple cider vinegar s TABLESPOON SUGAR s 4 cup water What to do: 1. Place tomatoes and cucumber in a medium bowl. 2. In a smaller bowl, combine sugar, pepper, salt and basil. 7HISK IN VINEGAR AND WATER TO BLEND THOROUGHLY 4. Pour dressing mixture over vegetables. 5. Cover and refrigerate for several hours before serving. You will need an adultâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s help with this recipe.
Muscle men and women
When the Neanderthals were alive, ice sheets often covered much of Europe and Asia. Their bodies were adapted to cold climates. The average Neanderthal had a shorter, heavier body than an average modern human. An adult male may have been about 51 2 feet tall. He would have weighed about 200 pounds. A Neanderthal body looked a little like a bowling ball. This stocky body helped them stay warm. There was less exposed area that could lose heat.
The mystery
Modern humans are the most adaptable species that has ever existed. We can live everywhere on the planet, in the heat and in the cold. Neanderthals seem to have found what worked for them, and then they invented nothing else. They didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t adapt to changing conditions. They ate few plants, and even when they lived by the sea, they did not eat much fish. They sometimes created objects such as simple jewelry. They made good tools, but they didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t keep designing better ones. They built shelters. They invented things, but it may not have excited them like it does modern humans.
Rookie Cookieâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Recipe
Bodies made for the cold
What Happened?
Adaptability
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Surviving the Cold
Birthdate: 3-21-85 Hometown: Rochester, N.Y.
Looking for a leader, the New York Rangers turned to Ryan Callahan. Named captain this season, the 26-year-old forward had earned the respect of teammates and opponents in his five NHL previous seasons. Flashing finesse and physical toughness, Callahan provides energy, aggression and offensive punch. He led the Rangers in game-winning goals last year (5) and power-play goals (10), and also delivered 224 body hits. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s from a guy who has called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Gladiatorâ&#x20AC;? his favorite movie. Through 44 games this season, Callahan was second on the team in SCORING POINTS AND HELPED .EW 9ORK GAIN THE DIVISION LEAD Away from hockey, he enjoys country music, golfing and boating, and is a great pingpong player. But itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s on the ice that Captain Callahan makes the biggest impact.
from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick
photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons
In this sculpture at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, a Neanderthal woman sews clothing while watching her son. She is poking holes in the animal hide with a sharp tool. She will then lace pieces of hide together with strips of animal tissue. Can you see how she is using her teeth to keep the cloth tight while she works?
This art shows a Neanderthal group living on Earth 60,000 years ago. Neanderthals were great at surviving in the cold climate of Europe and Asia at that time. They knew how to build fires and how to make warm clothing out of animal hides and fur. They made shelters by sticking wooden posts in the ground and draping branches from post to post. They hung animal hides to make â&#x20AC;&#x153;walls.â&#x20AC;?
photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons
Sculpture: Š2010, John Gurche Photo by Chip Clark, Smithsonianâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s National Museum of Natural History
About 70,000 years ago, at least four different species, or types, of humans lived on Earth at the same time. Modern humans are the only survivors. The Neanderthals were our closest cousins, and now they are extinct. What were they like? How did they live? The Mini Page talked with Dr. Rick Potts, head of the Smithsonian Human Origins program, to learn more about our mysterious Neanderthal cousins.
art courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech
Who Were the Neanderthals?
Nathan: What do Neanderthals enjoy reading? Nancy: The Prehistoric Times! Ned: Why did early men draw pictures of pterodactyls, rhinoceros and other animals? Nick: Because they couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t spell the words for them! Norris: What type of cologne did Neanderthals favor? Noel: After-cave! from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick
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try â&#x20AC;&#x2122;n find
Neanderthals
Words that remind us of Neanderthals are hidden in the block below. Some words are hidden backward or diagonally. See if you can find: AFRICA, AGE, ASIA, BIG, BONES, BROWS, CAVES, COLD, EUROPE, EXTINCT, FIRE, GENES, HUMAN, HUNTERS, ICE, LANGUAGE, MUSCULAR, NEANDERTHAL, NOSE, SHELTER, SPEAR, SPECIES, STONE. Could you survive in the Cold?
C E X T I N C T E
A O F S T O N E S
S E I C E P S R A E P S L I C B R A I D A A O R B R L M V N I L E E E E G S W O R B S E N E G S O N L A H T
S E L E A E S R R
N P U T C K S E E
A O C L I C V T D
M R S E R E E N N
U U U H F C G U A
H E M S A I A H E
L A N G U A G E N
from The Mini Page Š 2012 Universal Uclick
ready resources The Mini Page provides ideas for websites, books or other resources that will help you learn more about this weekâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s topics. On the Web: s HUMANORIGINS SI EDU s YOUTUBE COM WATCH V VR+ESLU +s PBS ORG WGBH NOVA EVOLUTION BECOMING HUMAN PART HTML At the library: s h4HE 4IME 7ARP 4RIO 9OUR -OTHER 7AS A .EANDERTHALv by Jon Scieszka s h%ARLY (UMANSv BY $+ 0UBLISHING
To order, send $9.95 plus $3.50 postage and handling for each copy. Send check or money order (U.S. funds only) payable to: Andrews McMeel Universal, P.O. Box 6814, Leawood, KS 66206 or call toll-free 1-800-591-2097. Please send ______ copies of The Mini Page Guide to the Constitution (Item #0-7407-6511-6) at $13.45 each, total cost. (Bulk discount information available upon request.) www.smartwarehousing.com Name: ________________________________________________________________________ Address: _______________________________________________________________________ City: _________________________________________ State: _________ Zip: ________________