Polokabana - Environmental Analysis

Page 1

a tent used as a dressing room by the sea

hawai’ian word for froggie

P O LO K A B A N A

sustainability with character STEPHANIE CASS ARCH 525 FALL 2014 (based on a project done in tandem with Tristan Bassingthwaighte, Jeremy Mendoza, & Noelle Yempuku)

Wide roof plane for shading. Tilted at optimum angle for solar panels and rainwater catchment.

Screens add shade and texture.


TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.01 · Project Intro Goals Target Market Context + Weather Data Concept Drawings + Images Orientation + Layout Programming Glazing 2.01 · Passive Strategies Ventilation Shading + Daylighting Roof Insulation 3.01 · Active Strategies Radiant Heating + Cooling Energy Generation Options Hot Water Heating 4.01 · Artificial Lighting Reflected Ceiling Plan Site Lighting Layout Controls 5.01 · Water Building + Site Use Rain Catchment Filtration + Recharge Cycle of Water 6.01 · Summary


PROJECT INTRO


Tall, north-facing clerestory windows allow lots of north light. PROJECT INTRO

ABOUT

1.02

All systems (kitchen, bathroom, mech room, house biometrics)

THE PROJECT: are packed into a single, shippable core. As a Solar Decathlon project, the aim was, above all, to create a sustainable but transportable residential unit. Our team, in particular, was geared toward housing Hawaii’s homeless. In a phrase, the houses are intended to be small, non-family residential, with an emphasis on community space. All of the homes are located on a Panelized system comes in uniform block around a central green shared by all houses. PROGRAM: living (eat, cook, chill) sleeping (2 bedrooms) service (mech room, outdoor hallway, bathroom)

A H

P E E L S and blackwater are filtered through site plantings. Greywater

P

GREEN STRATEGIES: Passive Cooling, Renewable Energy Sources, Careful Water Use + Reuse + Recharge

Vertical screens lend privacy.

G N

EE

LOCATION: Honolulu HI

EAT

SL

SIZE: 3072 sf of building, 17920 sf of site

4’ lengths for easy shipping and assembly.

Orientation opens to community courtyard.

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


sustainability with character Wide roof plane for shading.

1.03

Tilted at optimum angle for solar panels and rainwater catchment.

Screens add shade and texture.

Tall, north-facing clerestory windows allow lots of north light.

All systems (kitchen, bathroom, mech room, house biometrics) are packed into a single, shippable core. Panelized system comes in uniform 4’ lengths for easy shipping and assembly.

Vertical screens lend privacy.

Greywater and blackwater are filtered through site plantings. Orientation opens to community courtyard. ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


1.04

PROJECT INTRO

COMFORT ZONES + ACTIVITY LEVELS

Since Honolulu is in a very mild climate zone with a small range in both humidity and temperature, not many strategies are needed to help the comfort zone encompass it all. I narrowed it down to only two strategies, eliminating Passive Solar Heating, High Thermal Mass, and Direct and Indirect Evaporative Cooling. Passive Solar Heating was eliminated because there are only a few fringe data points that would be affected and most of the time the Passive Solar Heating would be unnecessary, even harmful, to a good temperature balance. Even though High thermal mass did have a positive effect, I felt the Exposed Mass + Night Purge ventilation had a wider range of usefulness. Both methods of Evaporative were unnecessary. I also doubt it would have worked, since Hawaii’s humidity is so high to begin with and evaporation would have been minimal. This leaves the last and most effective passive strategy, Natural Ventilation, which widened the comfort zone over the most data points. Unfortunately, when the activity levels are moved to a less sedentary state (second graph), none of these passive strategies quite cover the range and may have to be supplemented by a bit of active cooling.

SEDENTARY

MEDIUM

Psychrometric Chart

AH

Location: Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

30

SELECTED DESIGN TECHNIQUES: 1. exposed mass + night-purge ventilation 2. natural ventilation

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SELECTED DESIGN TECHNIQUES: 1. exposed mass + night-purge ventilation 2. natural ventilation

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Comfort

5

AH

Location: Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

© Weather Tool

© Weather Tool

DBT(°C)

Psychrometric Chart Frequency: 1st January to 31st December Weekday Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Weekend Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Barometric Pressure: 101.36 kPa

Frequency: 1st January to 31st December Weekday Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Weekend Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Barometric Pressure: 101.36 kPa

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Comfort

DBT(°C)

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ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


R R A D

Wind 3pm

PROJECT INTRO

Wind 9am

T E M P

CLIMATE DATA

Prevailing Winds Wind Frequency (Hrs) Location: Honolulu, Hawaii - USA (21.3°, -157.9°) 50 km/h

Date: 1st January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00

40 km/h

© Weather Tool

30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

50 km/h

hrs 51+ 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 <5

30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

50 km/h

6k

300

S

O

N

D

30 km/h 20 km/h

2k

100 A

40 km/h

10 km/h

4k

200

0k

0

30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

50 km/h

hrs 50+ 44 40 34 30 25 20 15 10 <5

hrs 78+ 70 62 54 46 39 31 23 15 <7

40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

April

DEGREE HOURS (Heating, Cooling and Solar)

8k

400

50 km/h 40 km/h

March

February

January

500

hrs 46+ 41 36 32 27 23 18 13 9 <4

40 km/h

1.05

50 km/h

hrs 83+ 74 66 58 49 41 33 24 16 <8

hrs 115+ 103 92 80 69 57 46 34 23 <11

40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

50 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

50 km/h

hrs 132+ 118 105 92 79 66 52 39 26 <13

hrs 128+ 115 102 89 76 64 51 38 25 <12

40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

S C H

J

M

F

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

50 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

1

2

Optimum Orientation

Location: Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

345°

Orientation based on average daily incident radiation on a vertical surface. Underheated Stress: 0.0 Overheated Stress: 502.5 Compromise: 177.5°

330°

N kWh/m²

Best

2.40

© Weather Tool

315°

10 km/h

40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h

45°

2.10

20 km/h

50 km/h

Location: Honolulu, Hawaii - USA (21.3°, -157.9°)

Date: 1st January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 © Weather Tool

Worst

30 km/h

50 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

50 km/h

hrs 65+ 58 52 45 39 32 26 19 13 <6

hrs 862+ 775 689 603 517 431 344 258 172 <86

hrs 43+ 38 34 30 25 21 17 12 8 <4

40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h 10 km/h

50 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h

°C 45+ 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 <0

1.80 300°

60°

1.50 1.20 0.90

285°

Shows the degree hours one will need to heat (H) and cool (C) the buiding as well as ideal times for collecting solar (S) energy. The heating load is nil while the cooling load is quite high but also corresponds somewhat to peak PV times.

A monthly chart of prevailing winds shows a strong predominance of wind from the NorethEast. This constancy can be advantageous in collecting power through wind. 3 Optimum orientation for a building is shown at edges, yellow being the best and red the worst. You can see the red lines showing more heat/sun at the end of the day than in the earlier part, so buildings should, ideally, face slightly SE.

10 km/h

10 km/h

1

2

December

November

October

Wind Frequency (Hrs) 30°

2.70

hrs 113+ 101 90 79 67 56 45 33 22 <11

40 km/h

September

Prevailing Winds

15°

50 km/h

hrs 106+ 95 84 74 63 53 42 31 21 <10

August

July

June

May

D

Shows a comparison of prevailing winds with average wind temperate (red), humidity (green), and rainfall (black).

75°

0.60 0.30 270°

50 km/h

267.5°

40 km/h

255°

30 km/h

105°

20 km/h 10 km/h

240°

3 Avg. Daily Radiation at 177.0° Entire Year: 1.31 kWh/m² Underheated: 2.18 kWh/m² Overheated: 0.52 kWh/m²

Average Wind Temperatures

Wind Frequency (Hrs)

90°

% 95+ 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 <5

50 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h

mm 1.0+ 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 <0.1

10 km/h

120°

225°

135°

210°

150° 195°

Compromise: 177.5° 180°

165°

Annual Average Underheated Period Overheated Period

4 Average Relative Humidity

Average Rainfall (mm)

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


PROJECT INTRO

SEASONAL SHADOW STUDIES

SEASONAL

NOON

3 PM

6 PM

JUN 21

MAR 20

9 AM

DEC 22

DAILY SUNPATH

1.06

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


1.07

PROJECT INTRO

ANNUAL ROOF SOLAR EXPOSURE LEVELS INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly Hr

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

Hr 22

1

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20 12 18 16

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INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly Hr

12

W/m² INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly Hr 1100

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

22

Nov

18

18

16

16

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14

08 12

12

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06 08

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02 Jan

Hr 22 20

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Mar

770

660

660

550

550

440

440

330

330

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220

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110

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0

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May

Jun

Jul

Aug

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990

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22 20

16

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770 660

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440

330

330

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220

110

110

0

0

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

770 660 550 440 330 220 110 0

Dec

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

W/m² 1100

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

990 Dec

880

880

770

770

660

660

550

550

440

440

330

330

220

220

110

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880

990

660

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W/m²

770

990

1100

1100

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W/m²

Dec

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

4

Jan

18

Mar

Apr

W/m² INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

18

Feb

Mar

880

Dec

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

Feb

880

Hr 1100

5Jan

Jan

770

Jan

22

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

990

W/m² INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

20

02

2

880

Hr 1100

3

W/m²

880

Dec

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

20

10

990

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

1100 Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

3 2

5 4

6 1

Dec

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


PROJECT INTRO

GLAZING STRATEGY + SECTION

1.08

solar panel roof SIP panel (plywood panel, EPS insulation, splines) utility chase edge beam drip edge wood slat finishing top plate wood slat screen glass curtain wall

structural beam

radiant floor with wod finishing floor SIP panel bottom plate perimeter joist exterior wood deck

18” concrete footing ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


PASSIVE STRATEGIES


PASSIVE STRATEGIES

NATURAL VENTILATION

2.02

Privacy is controlled without interrupting windflow through the use of decorative perforated screens around the perimeter of the lot.

SECTION

The house itself is splt into three areas: Living, and 2 Sleeping rooms. This way, each area can control it’s ventilation separately. Since the predominant wind flow is from the north, the building is very openable on the north and south facades while the east and west facades are not operable. Specifically in the bedrooms, the east/west facades are blocked by the clostets to prevent low east/west sun from penetrating. (see dashed boxes)

Prevailing Winds Wind Frequency (Hrs)

345°

Location: Honolulu, Hawaii - USA (21.3°, -157.9°)

Date: 1st January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00

NORTH

50 km/h

hrs

15°

862+ 330°

© Weather Tool

Section A: This shows the wind flow if the entire house is open and utilzing the natural predominant wind flow of Hawaii, since it is quite consistent and pleasant. You cn also see that all facades of the actual building are glass and allow for maximum daylighting. Faces wither face north or are shaded. The roof planes are at the ideal angle for PV arrays.

30°

775 689

40 km/h 315°

603

45°

517 431

30 km/h

344 300°

60°

258 172

20 km/h

<86 285°

75°

10 km/h

WEST

EAST

255°

Section B: This shows the opportunity for using the stack effect by opening the clerestory windows if there isn’t enough natural wind flow to utilize.

105°

240°

120°

225°

135°

210°

150° 195°

SOUTH

165°

sliding panels perforated screen predominant wind flow optional flow

A

B

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


PASSIVE STRATEGIES

NATURAL VENTILATION - VASARI ANALYSIS

2.03

WIND ROSES The first wind rose shows data for the full year. You can see that NE and ENE are the predominant directions in general. By focusing the graph onto just summer and just winter, respectively, you can see that the wind direction is even more predominantly from the NE/ ENE direction n the summer months, which is ideal for capturing the constant wind. In winter, the variation allows the screens on the site ()which could be used as desiccant screens perhaps) to block, or at least lessen and dehumidify, the wind. WIND TUNNEL I did tests on both the house by itself and the full site. It is an interesting look, but quite buggy. The house was missing half of its walls and the full site wouldn’t let me pull the slice below 34.1 feet. I’m not quite sure what to make of these images yet.

HOUSE ONLY

FULL SITE

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


2.04

PASSIVE STRATEGIES

NORTH SUMMER SUN SHADING STUDY

concerned with low sun in the summer Stereographic Diagram

N

345°

Location: 21.3°, -157.9° Obj 182 Orientation: 0.0°, 0.0°

Obj 374 Orientation: 0.0°, 0.0°

30°

315°

VSA: 56.4°

45°

315°

1st Jul

18

5

50° 60°

17

6

70°

16

1st Sep

15

14

13

270° 1st Oct

80° 12

11

VSA: 51.2°

1st Jul

1st Jun 75° 1st May

7 9

10

18

1st Aug 285°

8

60°

17

6

70°

16 15

1st Apr

14

13

270° 1st Oct

90°

5

50°

1st Sep

80° 12

11

1st255° Nov

300°

9

10

75° 1st May

8

210°

Dotted lines: July-December.

180°

195°

Dotted lines: July-December.

270

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02 Feb

Mar

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80° 12

11

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10

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1st Apr 90°

105° 1st Feb

180°

1st Jan 120°

225°

135°

210°

Time: 06:30

150°

Date: 18th Jun (169)

195°

Dotted lines: July-December.

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

Hr 22

270

20

240

18

210

16

180

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150

12

120

10

90

08

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180°

165°

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

W/m² 300

02 Jan

13

75° 1st May

240°

165°

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

W/m² 300

22

14

1st Jun

7

1st Dec

150°

Date: 29th Jun (180)

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

15

135°

210°

Time: 06:45

165°

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

70°

16

1st255° Nov

120°

225°

Hr

6

1st Mar

1st Jan

240°

150° 195°

17

270° 1st Oct

105° 1st Feb

135°

Date: 1st Apr (91)

60°

1st Apr 90°

5

50°

1st Sep

1st Dec

120°

225°

18

1st Aug 285°

7

1st255° Nov

1st Jan

240°

1st Jul

1st Jun

60°

40°

1st Mar

105° 1st Feb

1st Dec

45°

20° 30°

60°

40°

1st Mar

Time: 12:00

315°

30° 300°

60°

40°

1st Aug 285°

30° 10°

HSA: 72.1° 45°

15°

330°

Sun Position: 72.1°, 20.9°

20°

30° 300°

Obj 183 Orientation: 0.0°, 0.0°

10°

N

345°

Location: 21.3°, -157.9° 30°

HSA: 73.0°

20°

Stereographic Diagram

15°

330°

Sun Position: 73.0°, 23.7°

10°

HSA: -160.0°

N

345°

Location: 21.3°, -157.9°

330°

Sun Position: -160.0°, 71.8° VSA: 107.2°

Stereographic Diagram

15°

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

Hr

W/m² 300

22

270

20

240

18

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180

14

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12

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10

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08

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02 Jan

Feb

Mar

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Sep

Oct

Nov

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Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

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Oct

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Dec

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


PASSIVE STRATEGIES

DAYLIGHTING STUDY - DIVA ANALYSIS

2.05

G

ANJun Park - Fall 2013 | Design Team: Tristan Bassingthwaighte - Stephanie Cass - Jeremy Mendoza - Noelle Yempuku ARCH 533 - Hyung

EAT

SL

LIGHTSHELF

VERTICAL FINS

Daylighting analysis in DIVA shows that the second option, vertical fins, is the most most ideal because it controls the direnct sinlught at sunset without substantially obstructing the view.

VERTICAL LOUVRES

LEED

P

EE

SLEEP

H

ILLUMINANCE ILLUMINANCE

LEED

a tent used as a dressing room by the sea

P O LO K A B A N A

LEED

sustainability with character

LEED »»

SUMMER SOLSTICE 6am

Wide roof plane for shading.

ILLUMINANCE

Tilted at optimum angle for solar panels and rainwater catchment.

»»

Screens add shade and texture.

»»

This analysis reveals areas that are not adequately lit, or are over lit, with yellow revealing compliance with LEED standards and red indicating that light levels are noncompliant. In terms of the SLEEP space, they are each alternately noncompliant in the early and late parts of the day. This is okay though, considering that warm bright light is welcome for this type of occupancy. The EAT HANG space, on the other hand, exhibits complete compliance at all hours except for late during the summer solstice. And of the three alternatives, both the vertical fins and the vertical louvres effectively cut half of the brightness at that time.

ILLUMINANCE

LEED

Tall, north-facing clerestory windows allow lots of north light. SUMMER SOLSTICE 6pm

All systems (kitchen, bathroom, mech room, house biometrics) are packed into a single, shippable core. Panelized system comes in uniform 4’ lengths for easy shipping and assembly.

ILLUMINANCE

LEED

Vertical screens lend privacy.

WINTER SOLSTICE 12 noon

ILLUMINANCE - This analysis calculates the specific light level on a grid of points in the occupied spaces. Blue shows low light levels, yellow higher, and red highest. - In this analysis, one can see that equinox light levels are quite high in the south facing SLEEP spaces. This is awesome! It is also quite low during the late summer solstice hours. Yay! And most importantly, even during the dead of winter, some sunlight warms the SLEEP rooms. Even better! - As for the EAT HANG space, the vertical louvres brought the light levels down too much. It also obstructs visibility in a space that is meant to feel open and light. Thus, the vertical fins win!

OVERVIEW »» The main space for analysis and redesign in order to achieve even light levels is the “EAT HANG” living room space of this little house. We’re primarily concerned with the low sun angles during summer solstice which may heat and brighten the space uncomfortably. »» The sleep spaces are included in the analysis, but have different requirements since warmth and direct sunlight are actually appreciated. The main hours of occupation are also usually night time. »» And generally, as a residence, the hours of occupation and comfortable light levels and glare are going to have more flexibility than a work space.

EQUINOX 3pm

LEED - This analysis reveals areas that are not adequately lit, or are over lit, with yellow revealing compliance with LEED standards and red indicating that light levels are noncompliant. - In terms of the SLEEP space, they are each alternately noncompliant in the early and late parts of the day. This is okay though, considering that warm bright light is welcome for this type of occupancy. - The EAT HANG space, on the other hand, exhibits complete compliance at all hours except for late during the summer solstice. And of the three alternatives, both the vertical fins and the vertical louvres effectively cut half of the brightness at that time.

EQUINOX 9am

OVERVIEW - The main space for analysis and redesign in order to achieve even light levels is the “EAT HANG” living room space of this little house. We’re primarily concerned with the low sun angles during summer solstice which may heat and brighten the space uncomfortably. - The sleep spaces are included in the analysis, but have different requirements since warmth and direct are hawai’ian wordsunlight for froggie actually appreciated. The main hours of occupation are also usually night time. - And generally, as a residence, the hours of occupation and comfortable light levels and glare are going to have more flexibility than a work space.

Greywater and blackwater are filtered through site plantings. Orientation opens to community courtyard.

Psychrometric Chart

AH

Location: Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

Data Points: 1st January to 31st December Weekday Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Weekend Times: 00:00-24:00 Hrs Barometric Pressure: 101.36 kPa © Weather Tool

30

SELECTED DESIGN TECHNIQUES: 1. passive solar heating 2. natural ventilation

25

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15

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Comfort

DBT(°C)

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POLOKABANAhouse stephanie cass

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ILLUMINANCE »» This analysis calculates the specific light level on a grid of points in the occupied spaces. Blue shows low light levels, yellow higher, and red highest. »» In this analysis, one can see that equinox light levels are quite high in the south facing SLEEP spaces. This is awesome! It is also quite low during the late summer solstice hours. Yay! And most importantly, even during the dead of winter, some sunlight warms the SLEEP rooms. Even better! »» As for the EAT HANG space, the vertical louvres brought the light levels down too much. It also obstructs visibility in a space that is meant to feel open and light. Thus, the vertical fins win!

120000 100000 80000

22%

60000

Totals Fall

46%

40000

Totals Summer Totals Spring Totals Winter

20000 0 No Shading

Lightshelf

Vertical Fins

Vertical Louvres

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ACTIVE STRATEGIES


ACTIVE STRATEGIES

WIND ENERGY: HUMDINGER FENCE

3.02

HUMDINGER DATA:

Prevailing Winds Wind Frequency (Hrs)

345°

Location: Honolulu, Hawaii - USA (21.3°, -157.9°)

Date: 1st January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00

NORTH

50 km/h

1-meter x 1 meter x 5cm 7.2kWh* AC converted into 24/48VDC per Panel None

Yearly Energy: Total (48 panels):

86.4kWh/yr 4147.2kWh/yr

hrs

15°

862+ 30°

330°

© Weather Tool

Size: Monthly Energy: Conditioning: Gearing:

775 689

40 km/h

603

45°

315°

*In 6m/s average windspeed conditions, projected based on lab data

517 431

30 km/h

344 60°

300°

258 172

20 km/h

<86 75°

285°

10 km/h

WEST

WIND DATA:

EAST

255°

105°

240°

120°

225°

135°

210°

- winds are constant year round, with relatively constant velocity - primarily from the NE direction, although humdinger wind screens can operate at less than optimal wind angles and are bi-directional

150° 195°

SOUTH

165°

sliding panels perforated screen predominant wind flow optional flow

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ACTIVE STRATEGIES

WIND ENERGY: HUMDINGER FENCE

3.03

Humdinger Array

inverter

utility meter

distribution through floor & excess into microgrid (for this block/ neighborhood only)

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ACTIVE STRATEGIES

SOLAR ENERGY: PV ARRAY

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

Hr

Hr 22

1

22

22

20

20

18

18

16

16

14

14

20 12 18 16

10

08

08

06

06

04

04

02

02 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly Hr

10

12

10

14 12

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly W/m² Hr 1100

22

Nov

18

18

16

16

14

14

08 12

12

10

10

06 08

08

06

06

04 04

04

02

02

Hr 22 20

Feb

Mar

770

660

660

550

550

440

440

330

330

220

220

110

110

0

0

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

990

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

22 20

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

08

08

06

06

04

04

02

02 Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

770 660

550

550

440

440

330

330

220

220

110

110

0

0

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

- solar gain is constant year round, minus short rainy periods - optimum angle: 23˚ (same as roof tilt) - utilising both pv arrays, for electricity, and solar thermal panels, to account for hot water and infloor water heating - peak hours: 7 (10am to 5pm, see #1)

770 660 550 440

• 24 modules with an STC of 215 watts per module • 7 peak sun hours assumed for the location • 0.77 derate factor • 24 x 215 = 5160 watts • 5160 / 1000 = 5.16 kW (kilowatts) STC output of total array • 5.16 x 7 hrs. = 36.12 kWh • 36.12 x 0.77= 27.81 kWh/day approximate daily average annual output of PV array • 27.81 x 30 = 556.248 kWh/mo approximate monthly average annual output of PV array • 27.81 x 365 = 10151.53 kWh/yr approximate monthly average annual output of PV array

330 220 110 0

Dec

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

W/m² 1100

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

990 Dec

880

880

770

770

660

660

550

550

440

440

330

330

220

220

110

110

0

0

Jan

SOLAR DATA:

880

990

660

6

990

W/m²

770

990

1100

1100

Feb

W/m²

Dec

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

4

Jan

18

Mar

Apr

W/m² INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

18

Feb

Mar

880

Dec

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

Feb

880

Hr 1100

5Jan

Jan

770

Jan

20

Jan

990

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly W/m²

22

INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION - Full Hourly

2

880

Hr 1100

3

W/m²

1100 - USA Honolulu, Hawaii

880

Dec

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

20

02

990

Honolulu, Hawaii - USA

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

3.04

3 2

5 4

6 1

Dec

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ACTIVE STRATEGIES

SOLAR ENERGY: PV ARRAY

3.05

PV Array (24) Solar Thermal Panels (6)

inverter

utility meter

distribution through floor & excess into microgrid (for this block/ neighborhood only)

water tank with integrated boiler

to bathroom/kitchen and radiant floor

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ACTIVE STRATEGIES

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY: THE BLOOM BOX BLOOM BOX DATA: - 2 cubes can power the typical american house (this one may need far less) - the cubes recquire the box (below) but can be 1/4th as big for a residential setting - benefits: entirely off-grid energy generation, utilizes sustinable fuel sources such as biofuel or natural gas etc, small area needed - detractors: experimental, meaning high cost (~$3000 per residential installation) and untested reliability, unknown embodied energy - just an experimental back-up energy generator in this scheme... way too expensive for reality

3.06

Parameter Name Value Unit / description Fuel (natural gas) flow rate for 200 kW Bloom Energy Server 1.32 MMBtu/hr Fuel energy in rate in kW (1 MMBTU/hr CH4 = 293 kW) 386.76 kW Fuel cost $3.96 per hour Electric output rate 200 kW System efficiency natural gas -> electricity 52% % conversion of natural gas to electrical Electricity cost $0.10 per kWh Electricity produced revenue $20.00 per hour CO2 produced 773 lb/MWh Run cost savings per bloom box (electricity revenue less fuel cost) $16.04 per hour Cost savings per year assuming 24X7 full load operation $140,510.40 per year Capital cost (estimated minimum cost after projected reductions) $800,000.00 for each 200 kW unit Annual maintenance / operation cost 6% as a fraction of capital cost, per year Cost savings after maintenance costs $92,510.40 per year Break even period 8.6 years

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ACTIVE STRATEGIES

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY: THE BLOOM BOX

3.07

Bloom Box Unit

utility meter

distribution through floor & excess into microgrid (for this block/ neighborhood only)

box contains: - fuel cell cube - fuel storage (vegetable oil?) - inverter

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ACTIVE STRATEGIES

HVAC: HIGH VELOCITY DUCTING OPTION

3.08

distrubution duct

return duct compressor

boiler AHU & heat exchanger

circulation in space

high velocity ducting (2” di.)

crawlspace exhaust

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ACTIVE STRATEGIES

ENERGY USE + RENEWABLE SOURCES

3.09

Estimate your building’s annual energy use. estimated energy use intensity (kWh/year)* 7380 kWh/year Estimate the output from your renewable energy system (see green studio handbook or lecture), in kWh/year. (see above for calcs) Wind: 4147.2 kWh/yr Solar: 10151.53 kWh/yr Bloom Box: 33.4 million kWh/yr** % of your building’s annual energy use which can be supplied by your renewable energy system Wind: 56.2% Solar: 138% Bloom Box: 452575% All: 452768%

*http://www.hawaiienergy.com/get-the-facts, typical hawaii household, couldn’t find number in relation to SF **once again, super not viable in terms of cost (~$4000 initial cost after subsidies + fuel cost), but hey... just wanted to test it out ^_^

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING


ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

LAYOUT

4.02

in-floor lighting strips for wayfinding decorative lighting accent lighting site lighting photocells indoor lighting photocells

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


WATER


WATER

WATER CATCHMENT ZONES

5.02

LANDSCAPE HARDSCAPE RAIN CATCHMENT GREY WATER FILTRATION

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


WATER

USE vs. SUPPLY COMPARISON

5.03

8000 7000 6000

Dear Client, Based on the graphs which compare the volume of water used (on average) with the volume of rainfall that can be captured on site, you can see that the supply far outweighs the demand for most months of the year. These demand of these few months may be need to be met through onsite water storage tanks, sized to store water from previous months. The alternatives include tapping into local municipal water sources or perhaps borrowing from water gathered from neighbors or in the neighborhood and filtertreated. If you would be willing to consider investing in a more thorough filtration system, we wil be able to utilize the excess water gather in the landscape areas and recycle all of this water. I would encourage you to make this decision based on principle, rather than cost. Thank You!

5000 4000

Demand - Grey Demand - Potable (gals)

3000

Catchment - Filtered Hardscape (gals) Catchment - Roof (gals)

2000 1000 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC -1000 -2000

350 300 250 200 150

Irrigation Demand (gal)

100

Rainfall - Landscape (gal)

50 0 -50

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

-100

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


WATER

CYCLE OF WATER Living Machine Filtration: medium scale water treatment on site filter water for the neighborhood

5.04

Wetlands: marsh/reed bed portion of living machine structure bleeds into the community green space Reeds (BioFilter) Digital Interface (Meters + Controls) Potable Water Storage

Community Space: a space for everyone Garden + Patio: personal space, designed with a vegetable/herb garden

Greywater Overflow Storage

Kitchen + Living: faces herb garden and community green, supplied water through personal potable water storage tank

Rainwater

Wetroom: ADA accessible, uses minimal fixtures for low obstruction of space; also low flow pixtures control water usage Small Scale Filter: prefilters rainwater for overflow storage LivingMachine Filtration

Wetlands

Community Space

Garden + Patio

Kitchen + Living

Corridor + Building Interface

Corridor + Building Interface: this is where you can see metrics on your building and the entire neighborhood! see weather data, water use, water supply, energy use, etc

Wetroom

Small Scale Filter + Garden

Road

ARCH 525 • PROFESSOR WENDY MEGURO • ENVIRONMNMENTAL SYSTEMS • STEPHANIE CASS


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