A STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN HINDI AS A SUBJECT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN MIZORAM

Dr.LalmuanawmaSailo

ABSTRACT

HindiistheofficialandmostwidelyusedlanguageinIndia.However,inMizoram,majorityofthepeopledonotknowhowspeak,readorwriteinHindi.Withthe establishmentof'ZoramHindiPracharSamiti'in1954andthesubsequentestablishmentofvariouseducationalinstitutionsteachinginHindilanguage,effortshave beentakentodevelopHindilanguageinMizoram.Atpresentthereare7educationalinstitutionsthatoffervariouscoursesofstudiesinHindilanguageinMizoram.It isimperativethattheseinstitutionsandthecoursesofstudiestheyofferbepublicizedamongthemassessothattheimportanceofeducationinHindilanguageand literacyinHindiisfurtherdevelopedintheMizoram.

KEYWORDS:OfficialLanguageofIndia,Hindi,Development,HindiEducation,Mizoram.

INTRODUCTION:

IndiaisamultilingualnationbutHindi,oneofitsofficiallanguagesisthemost spokenlanguageinthecountry.Over600millionpeoplespeak,readandwrite HindiinIndiaandabroad.

Inthenortheastregionhowever,particularlyinMizoram,mostofthepeopledo notknowhowtospeak,readorwriteinHindi.EnglishandMizoarethemostspokenlanguagesandarethemainmediumofeducationaswell.Sincetheestablishmentof“ZoramHindiPracharSamiti”now''MizoramHindiPracharSabha”in 1954, efforts have been taken continuously to promote Hindi Language especiallyineducation.AlthoughmanydevelopmentsregardingeducationinHindi languagecouldbeseen,thereisstillmuchtoachieve.

OBJECTIVES:

Thepresentstudyhasbeendesignedwiththefollowingobjectives:

1) TostudythehistoryofdevelopmentandpropagationofHindilanguage inMizoram.

2) To identify the different levels of Hindi Educational Institutions found/existinMizoram.

3) To find out the courses offered in different Educational Institutions in Mizoram.

MATERIALSANDMETHODS:

Thepresentstudyadoptsadescriptivemethodofstudy Datasourcesincludesecondary data sources such as online and offline publications as well as primary data sources including- interviews, questionnaires of the Chairman/ Principal andStaffsofdifferentHindiEducationalInstitutions.

RESULTS&DISCUSSIONS:

I. History of development and propagation of Hindi language in Mizoram.

InMizoram,Hindiisnotspokenasafirstlanguageandmostpeopledonot knowhowtoreadandwriteinHindidespiteitbeinganOfficiallanguage. Knowing the need for education in Hindi language, in 1954, the present MizoramHindiPracharSabhawasestablishedinthenameof“ZoramHindi Prachar Samiti” inAizawl, City of Mizoram by theAssam Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti and the Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti,Wardha by the then HindiLovers.ThemainobjectiveofthefoundersofthesocietywastopromotethespiritofnationalismthroughthepropagationofHindiintheMizo Community The decision to use the textbooks of Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti Wardha and Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti Assam to run different classeswastakenin1954.InJanuary1972,theLushaiHillswhichwasadistrictundertheAssamGovernmentwasmadetheUnionTerritorybytheCentral Government. Knowing time favourable of Hindi, the leaders have changedthenameto“MizoramHindiPracharSabha”inordertopropagate Hindi among the Mizo Community independently in the light of the Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti Wardha and Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti Assam by establishing a separate institution and registered with Firm and Societybythesamename.

Hindi education witnessed great progress in Mizoram especially since the establishmentofZoramHindiPracharSamitiin17November,1954.There

have been an increasing number of learners enrolled for Hindi Education over the years. Many of the Hindi teachers that are employed by the State Government are the Product of Mizoram Hindi Prachar Sabha that acts as theBoard.AnincreasingnumberoftheMizopeoplehavealsoengagedin occupationsrelatingtoHindieducationovertheyearsinMizoram.

InadditiontotheMizoramHindiPracharSabha,variousHindiEducational Institutions have been established in Mizoram such as Mizoram Hindi Training College, Study Centre of Mahatma GandhiAntarrashtriya Hindi VishwavidyalayinMizoramHindiTrainingCollege,HindiDepartmentsin Government Kamlanagar College, Government Aizawl College and MizoramUniversity

II. DifferentlevelsofHindiEducationalInstitutionsfoundinMizoram. ThevariousHindiEducationalInstitutionsinMizoramareofdifferenttypes based on the different levels, types and standards of Hindi Education they provide.ThevariousHindiEducationalInstitutionswiththeirrespectivelevelsofeducationarepresentedinTable2.1asfollows.

Table2.1:DifferentlevelsofHindiEducationalInstitutionsinMizoram

NamesofInstitutions LevelsofEducation

MizoramHindiPracharSabha Class10,Class12andBAlevels

MizoramHindiTrainingCollege In-serviceandPre-serviceHindi Teachers'TrainingforMiddleschool, HighSchoolandHigherSecondary SchoolLevels

GovernmentKamalanagarCollege Undergraduatelevel GovernmentAizawlCollege Undergraduatelevel

MizoramUniversity PostgraduateandPh.D.levels

IndiraGandhiNationalOpen University(IGNOU) UndergraduateandPostgraduatelevels

MahatmaGandhiAntarrashtriya HindiVishwavidyalaya(MGHAV). Undergraduate

AsshownTable2.1,thelevelsofHindieducationofferedbyvariousHindiEducational Institutions differ widely Mizoram Hindi Prachar Sabha acts as the boardofHindiEducationfromalowerlevel.Underthisboard,class10(Hindi Prabodh),class12(HindiVisharad)andB.A(HindiPraveen)canbestudiedin various schools and colleges across the state. However, these qualifications undertheMizoramHindiPracharSabhaareapplicableonlyinthefieldofHindi insideMizoramandarenotequivalenttogeneralqualifications.

MizoramHindiTrainingCollegeisafull-fledgedPost-graduateDegreeCollege engagedinvariousTrainingCoursesforIn-serviceHindiTeachersofHigherSecondary, High School and Middle School under the Govt. of Mizoram and PreserviceHindiTeachers.

Government Kamalanagar College and GovernmentAizawl College are State Government's undergraduate colleges with separate Hindi Departments. Also Mizoram University is a Central University with a separate Hindi Department offeringPostgraduate(M.A)andPh.D.levelsofHindieducation.

AssistantProfessor,MizoramHindiTrainingCollege,DurtlangNorth,Aizawl,Mizoram,India.

Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) offers Hindi education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Mahatma GandhiAntarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya (MGAHV) is a Central University based in Wardha, Maharashtra and its Study Centre in Mizoram is Mizoram HindiTraining CollegethatoffersBachelorofEducation(B.ED)inHindimediumatundergraduate levels.

III. CoursesofferedindifferentHindieducationalinstitutionsinMizoram. The various courses offered by different Hindi Educational Institutions in Mizoramarepresentedseparatelyasfollows.

3.1. CoursesofferedinMizoramHindiPracharSabha:

The various courses of Hindi education offered in various schools in Mizoram affiliated to the Mizoram Hindi Prachar Sabha with their respectivedurationsarepresentedinTable3.1.

Table3.1:CoursesofferedinMizoramHindiPracharSabha

HindiPrabodh(Class10) 1Year

HindiVisharad(Class12) 1Year

HindiPraveen(B.A) 1Year

3.2. CoursesofferedinMizoramHindiTrainingCollege: MizoramHindiTrainingCollegeoffersvariouscoursesforIn-service and Pre- service HindiTeachers.The courses offered along with their respectivedurationsarepresentedinTable4.3.

Table3.2:CoursesofferedinMizoramHindiTrainingCollege

Courses Duration

HindiShikshanParangat(B.Ed) 2Years

HindiShikshanPraveen(D.El.Ed) 2Years

2YearHindiShikshakDiploma 2Years

3.3. CoursesofferedinGovernmentKamalanagarCollege:

ThecoursesofferedandtheirdurationsintheDepartmentofHindi,GovernmentKamalanagarCollegearepresentedinTable3.3.

Table3.3:CoursesofferedinGovernmentKamalanagarCollege

Courses

Duration

BachelorofArtsinHindi(Core) 3Years(AllSemesters)

Hindi(ModernIndianLanguage) 6Months(IIISemester)

Hindi(Elective) 2Years(I-IVSemester)

3.4. CoursesofferedinGovernmentAizawlCollege:

ThecoursesofferedandtheirdurationsintheDepartmentofHindi,GovernmentAizawlCollegearepresentedinTable3.4.

Table3.4:CoursesofferedinGovernmentAizawlCollege

Courses

Duration

BachelorofArtsinHindi(Core) 3Years(AllSemesters)

Hindi(ModernIndianLanguage) 6Months(IIISemester)

Hindi(Elective) 2Years(I-IVSemester)

3.5. CoursesofferedinMizoramUniversity:

The courses offered and their durations in the Department of Hindi, MizoramUniversityarepresentedinTable3.5.

Table3.5:CoursesofferedinMizoramUniversity

Hindi(ElectiveCourse)Course)(BA) Minimum-3Years Maximum-6Years

Hindi(ApplicationOrientedCourse)(BA) Minimum-3Years Maximum-6Years

MasterofArtsinHindi

Minimum-2Years Maximum-5Years

3.7. Courses offered in Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya(MGAHV):

ThecourseofferedinMGAHVStudyCentre,MizoramHindiTraining CollegeandthedurationisinTable3.7.

Table:3.7:CoursesofferedinMGAHV

Courses Duration

B.ED(BachelorofEducation) 2Years

CONCLUSION:

Theauthormadein-depthstudiestocollectnecessarydatatobringoutthehistoryofdevelopmentofHindilanguageandtheestablishmentofvariouseducationalinstitutionsthatteachinHindiandthecoursesofferedtilltoday Asmany MizosarestillnotawareoftheimportanceofHindilanguageandtheexistence oftheinstitutionsthatoffercoursesinHindi,itiscrucialthattheseinstitutions andthecoursestheyofferbepublicizedamongthemassesasmuchaspossibleso thatHindi,anofficiallanguageofIndiaisfurtherdevelopedinMizoram.

REFERENCES:

Books:

I. Bhatia,M.MandSharma,D.K.(1995):“TeachingHindi”.TandonPublication,Kitab Bazar,Ludhiana.

II. Best,J.N.(1978):“ResearchinEducation”NewDelhi,ThirdEdition:PrenticeHall ofIndiaPvt.Ltd.

III. Chagla,M.C.(1966):“EducationandtheNation”,NewDelhi,AlliedPublishers.

IV Chatterjee, S K (1960):”Indo- Aryan and Hindi”, Calcutta: Firma K L Mukhopadhyay

V Desai, M.P (1957): “The Hindi Prachar Movement”,Ahmedabad: Navajivan PublishingHouse.

VI. John,V.V.(1969):“EducationandLanguagePolicy”,Bombay:NachiketaPublications.

VII. Lado,Robert.(1971):“LanguageTeaching”,NewDelhi,TataMcGrawHillPublishingHouseCo.Ltd.

VIII. Lado,Robert(1979):“LanguageTeaching”.TataMcGrawHillPublishingCo.Ltd. NewDelhi.

IX. Stevens,1942,QuotedbyDahama,O.PandBhatnagar,O.P(1980):“Educationand Communication for Development”, New Delhi, Oxford and IBH publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.

X. Tiwari,MohanLel,(1973):“MadhyamBhasha”,Varanasi:NagriParchariniSabha.

Journals/Articles:

I. Ganguly,S.R.(1994): “Attitudesinsecondlanguagelearning:Asocialpsychologicalperspective”.PsychoLingua,Jan;Vol24(1):15

II. Schell, L.M. (1972): “Promising possibilities for improving comprehension”. The JournalofReading15:pp-415-24.

III. Shah,J.H.(1981):“AComparativeStudyofSomePersonalandPsychologicalVariablesandReadingComprehension”.JournalofEducationandPsychology,39:2.

IV Srivastava,A.K.(1969):“Readingabilityandunderachievement”.IndianEducation Review,4:1pp116-22.

PublishedPapers:

I. Bhanushali (1985): “An Investigation into the Basic Hindi Vocabulary of Hindi SpeakingchildrenofClassVinGreaterBombay”.BombayUniversity

II. Chaturvedi, M.G. (1974): “Language Teaching and Learning in India” National CouncilofEducationalResearchandTraining,NewDelhi.

III. GeneralCommitteeofPublicInstruction(G.C.P.I)(1981):“Acomparativestudyof theanalyticalapproachestotheteachingofreadingelementaryHindi”.Allahabad.

Courses

Duration

MasterofArtsInHindi 3Years(AllSemesters)

DoctorofPhilosophy(Ph.D.)InHindi Minimum-3Years Maximum-5Years

3.6. Courses offered in Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU):

The courses of Hindi education offered in IGNOU, Aizawl Regional CentreandtheirdurationsarepresentedinTable3.6.

Table3.6:CoursesofferedinIGNOU

IV Gupta, V (1983): “An investigation into the basic Hindi vocabulary of children of classIIintheStateofJammu&Kashmir”.Ph.D.Edu.,JammuUniversity

V Jayaram,B.D.andMisraJ.(1980):“AstudyofachievementthroughHindimedium bynon-Hindistudents”.CentralInstituteofIndianLanguages,MysoreUniversity

VI. Rastogi,K.G.andPande,D.,(1982):“CompilationandlinguisticanalysisofHindi vocabulary”.NationalCouncilofEducationalResearchandTraining(NCERT).

VII. Srivastava,P.L.(1997):“AStudyoftheTypesofSpellingErrorsCommittedinHindi by Urdu Medium Students” Report of the research project, I.A.S.E. Jamia Millia Islamia,NewDelhi.

VIII. Srivastava, P.L. (2000): “AStudy of Effectiveness of Remedial Teaching of Hindi Spelling in Urdu Medium Schools”. Report of the research project, I.A.S.E. Jamia MilliaIslamia,NewDelhi.

Courses

Hindi(FoundationCourse)(BA)

Duration

Minimum-3Years Maximum-6Years

Theses/Dissertations:

I. Ammal,Gommathy(1982):“ADiagnosticStudyoftheDifficultiesinHindiSpelling ofHighSchoolPupilsofKerala”.DepartmentofEducation,KeralaUniversity

II. Anand, U.S (1985): “AStudy of FactorsThatAffect the Orthography in Hindi and DiagnosisofSpellingMistakesintheWritingofClassVStudentsofHindiMedium SchoolsofDelhi,AlongWithRemedialProgramme”.Ph.D,Edu.,Delhi.

III. Kundle,S.,(1982):“AstudyoflinguisticdifferencesbetweenMarathiandHindiand theirimpactonlearningHindiassecondlanguagebyMarathistudents”.Ph.D.Edu. NagpurUniversity

IV Prakash,B.(1981):“Anexperimental;studyofachievementmotivationandconfirmationofresultsontheperformanceinalinearprogrammingonHindivocabulary Building”.Ph.D.Edu.,HimachalPradeshUniversity

E-resources/Data: I. https://www.gac.ac.in/ II. https://www.mzu.edu.in/ III. www.ignouazl.nic.in/ IV http://www.hindivishwa.org/ V https://mhtc.edu.in/