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Dr.DurgeshPrasadGupta,Dr.ManishRai, Dr.RaviNarayanPrajapati1Reader&HOD,ShakayaTantraGovt.AyurvedCollege&HospitalJabalpurM.P
2Lecturer,SharerRachanaGovt.AyurvedCollege&HospitalJabalpurM.P
3Lecturer,swasthavrittaandYoga,Govt.AyurvedCollege&HospitalJabalpurM.P.
ABSTRACT
Refractiveerrorsarethecommonproblemintoday'slifestyle.Whenlightrayspassfromamediumofonedensitytoamediumofadifferentdensitytheyarerefracted orbent.So beforereachingtheretinalightrayspasssuccessivelythroughthecornea,Aqueoushumour,Lensandvitreoushumourwhichareallmoredensethanthe air Thereare3typesofrefractiveerrorMyopia,HypermetropiaandAstigmatism. Timira isonesucheyedisease,whichstartsfrom Avyakta darshana andendsin completelossofvisioni.e.Linganasha
KEYWORDS:Refractiveerror,Timira
INTRODUCTIONS:
Refractiveerrorisdefinedasastateofrefraction,whentheparallelraysoflight comingfrominfinityarefocusedeitherinfrontorbehindthesensitivelayerof retina,in oneorboththemeridianswithaccommodationatrest.Therefractive errorincludesMyopia,HypermetropiaandAstigmatism.
Myopia: Myopiaisderivedfromtheterm"muopia"which,inGreek,meanstoclosethe eyes.Itmanifestsasblurreddistancevision,hence,thepopularterm"nearsightedness."
Hypermetropia:
Itisarefractiveerrorinwhichparallelraysoflightfrominfinitycometofocus behindtheretinawhenaccommodationisatrest.Thismaybebecausetheeyeball is too short (axial hypermetropia) or the refractive elements of the eye are inadequate..
Astigmatism:
It is a type of refractive error wherein the refraction varies in the diffferent meridia.consequently,theraysoflightenteringintheeyecannotconvergetoa point focus but form focal lines. Unequal curvatur of the cornea in different meridiansanddecentringofthelensisthecausesofastigmatism.
ConceptsOfTimira: Etymology:
Tim'+Unadisuffix'Kirach'whichmeansTheincreaseofwaterysubstanceinthe eye,Lossoflightperception.In Amarakosha,themeaningof Timira isgivenas darkness.
Etiologyoftimira:
Acharya Sushruta and others have described the following causes for eye diseases,Divingintowaterimmediatelyafterexposuretoheat,Excessivelooking atdistantobjects,Sleepingduringday/awakeningatnight,Excessiveweeping, Anger/grief,Injurytohead,Excessiveuseofsourgruelandvinegar,Kulathaand Mashapulses,Suppressionofnaturalurges,Excessiveperspiration,Smokingor workinginsmoke,Suppressionof/orexcessivevomiting,Checkingtears,Concentratingonminuteobjects,Intakeoffluidsandotherfoodsatnight,Alcohol, Travellinginveryhighspeed,Changeofseasons,Abhishyandaarethecausative factoroftheeyediseases.
ManagementofTimira:
Thetreatmentofthe Timira dependsuponthestageanddominanceofparticular Dosha.Managementcanbebroadlydividedinto:-
Ÿ
Nidana Parivarjana isthebasictreatmentandveryimportanttotreatthe disease.AvoidancefromtheetiologicalfactorslikeExcessiveordeficient or wrong use of senses, Diwaswapna, Vegavarodha, Atimaithuna, Viruddhaharaetc.
Ÿ Triphala is said to be the drug of choice in case of Timira with various Anupanas (vehicles)accordingtotheinvolvementof Doshas In Pittaja type mixed with plenty of Ghee regularly; similarly in vataja type, it shouldbetakenwithoilandinkaphajaonewithplentyofhoneyproperly
Ÿ Sushruta and others indicate numbers of Nasyas in the management of Timira.OtherchakshushyarasayanacompoundscameintoAyurvediclitth eratureafter16 centuryviz.SaptamritaLauhaetc.manymineralandanimaldrugse.g.Yashadaetc.istermedasChaksushya.
Ÿ Virechana issaidtobeidealfor Anulomana of Doshas speciallyvitiated Pitta,aseyeisthesightofPittapredominance.InVatajaTimiracastoroil mixedwithmilkisapplicable; Triphla ghrita isageneralevacuativeparticularly in diseases of Rakta and Pitta; in kaphaja type, Virechan with GheeprocessedwithTrivritisrecommendedwhileinTridoshaja,oilprocessedwiththeTrivritaisuseful.
DISCUSSION:
Whenthevitiated Doshas invadefirst Patala,thepatientcomplainsofdifficulty in seeing objects distinctly This is the common complaint of Myopia, hypermetropia,astigmatismandpresbyopia.Sothe Timira offirst Patala canbe correlatedtorefractiveerrorseasily
The confused visual perception and appearance of bees, flies, hairs etc. symptomsarecomplainedofbythepatient,whenthevitiated Doshas aresituatedin thesecondPatalawhicharearepresentinhighmyopiaalso,wheredegenerative changesoccur Appearanceofdistantobjectsasnearandviceversaismainlydue toaccommodativefailures.Soconsideringtheseviews,itcanbeconcludedthat Timira atthestageofsecond Patala involvementcanbecorrelatedtoerrorsof refraction.
When the disorder advances to the fourth Patalas, vision is obstructed completely,itisknownas“Linganasha”.Thistypeofconditionoccursinmatureand hyper-maturecataractandcertainretinaldegenerativeconditions.
CONCLUSIONS:
ThediseaseprogressestoKachaandLinganashawhentheDoshasinvolvethird andfourthPatalarespectively TheclinicalpictureofvitiatedDoshasinfirstand second Patalas, which are analyzed here, simulates very much with refractive errors.
REFERENCES:
I. Amarasimha.Amarakosha,2ndEdition,1976.
II. Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita with Nibandhasamgraha Vyakhya By Dalhana, Ed. YadavjiTrikamjiAcharya,ChaukhambaSanskritSeries,Varanasi.
III. Vagbhata Ashtanga Hridayam with Vidyotini Hindi Teeka, Ed Yadunandan Upadhyaya,ChaukhambaSanskritSansthana,Varanasi,1980.
IV Jogi Renu Basic Ophthalmology, Ed.II; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. NewDelhi,1999.
Ÿ
As Panchkarma isthebasisof Kayachikitsa, similarlythe kriya kalpa is thebasisofthetreatmentofeyediseases.Itsinclude Tarpana, Putapaka, Seka, Aschyotana and Anjana These all together are known as “Kriyakalpas”.
V KhuranaA.K. Ophthalmology,2ndEdi.NewAgeInternational(P)Ltd.NewDelhi.