PLAGIARISMFINDINGTOOLS:ASTUDY
Dr P J.RosarioVasanthaKumarLibrarian,St.Joseph'sInstituteofManagement(JIM),St.Joseph'sCollege(Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli–620001
ABSTRACT
Plagiarismisoneoftheverycomplexandseriousissuesinandaroundtheworld.Nowadays,Internetplaysavitalroletogettheinformationmoreeasilyandaccess withoutanygeographicalbarriers.Therefore,researchersandotherscanhaveaccessanydocumentinanypartoftheworldaseasilyaspossible.TheUGCisalso insisting to check plagiarism before submission of the thesis. Due to this reason, all educational institutions are concentrating on anti-plagiarism. For identifying plagiarism,varioussoftwareswereusedinthedifferentinstitutions.Thisworkhasbeencarriedoutforvariouskindsofsoftwares,usageofthosesoftwaresandstepsto usethissoftware.
KEYWORDS:Anti-Plagiarism,Plagiarism,Types,UGC
INTRODUCTION
Plagiarismisakindofcheatingandseriousoffense.Itconsiderstobeacademic dishonestyanditviolatesethics.Itiskindoftheft,whichiscopyingotherswork, ideas,languages,expressionsandthoughtswithoutgettingpermissionorgiving citations.Anti-plagiarism is one of the major challenging tasks in educational institutions. Now, the UGC is also concentrating and indicating on antiplagiarisminresearchandresearchscholars,becausemostoftheresearchersare cheatingintheirwork.ToidentifyplagiarismtheUGCalsoforcestheacademic institutions to concentrate on anti-plagiarism. Similarly, the faculty members andstudentsalsodoingthesamething.Inordertoavoidplagiarism(withoutgivingcitation)theplagiarismtoolswereintroduced.
PLAGIARISMDEFINED
Plagiarism is derived from Latin word “plagiarius” which means “kidnapper,” whoabductsthechild.1ThewordplagiarismenteredtheOxfordEnglishdictionary in 1621. Plagiarism has been defined by the Encyclopaedia Britannica as “the act of taking the writings of another person and passing them off as ones own.”Itisanactofforgery,piracy,andfraudandisstatedtobeaseriouscrimeof academia.Itisalsoaviolationofcopyrightlaws.Honestyinscientificpractice and in publication is necessary The World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)definesplagiarismas“…theuseofothers'publishedandunpublished ideasorwords(orotherintellectualproperty)withoutattributionorpermission and presenting them as new and original rather than derived from an existing source.”
In1999,theCommitteeonPublicationEthics(COPE)5,6definedplagiarismas “Plagiarism ranges from the unreferenced use of others' published and unpublished ideas including research grant applications to submission under new authorshipofacomplexpaper,sometimesinadifferentlanguage.Itmayoccurat anystageofplanning,research,writingorpublication;itappliestoprintandelectronicversions.”
When plagiarism occurs intentionally, the offender is aware that he or she will use an author's work and reproduce it as an original work.As explained in the introduction, the student is up late and notices a paper on the Internet that is exactlywhatheorsheneeds.Thestudentdecidestodownloadthepaperfromthe Internetandsubmititashisorheroriginalwork.Individualswhointentionally plagiarizewillusewordsverbatimorparaphrasedwordsofanotherpersonand document the work as their own. When plagiarism occurs unintentionally, the offenderusuallyhassomedocumentationintheworkfromtheauthorthatcould becited(documentedwithacitation)incorrectly Thereisdocumentationofthe originalworkpresentbutafewerrors.Thesourcecanbetracedandthereisno maliciousintenttoavoidcitingtheauthor'swork.
When plagiarism occurs unintentionally, the offender usually has some documentationintheworkfromtheauthorthatcouldbecited(documentedwithacitation)incorrectly Thereisdocumentationoftheoriginalworkpresentbutafew errors.Thesourcecanbetracedandthereisnomaliciousintenttoavoidciting theauthor'swork.Forexample,“Lee(2010)commentedthatadultlearnerscan takepreparatorystepstoprepareforcollege.”Thestudentmightforgettoplace theinformationabouttheauthoronthereferencepage,ortheremightbenoquotationmarksifthiswasadirectquotation,orpageorparagraphnumbers(froma website). This could be considered unintentional plagiarism. Usually, the instructorwillnotateinthedocumentwhatwasmissingandthatistheextentof
theissueinthiscase.
FORMSOFPLAGIARISM
Verbatim plagiarism: When one submits someone else's words verbatim in his/herownnamewithoutevenacknowledginghimpublically Copyandpaste fromapublishedarticlewithoutreferencingisacommonformofverbatimplagiarism. Most commonly, it is seen in introduction and discussion part of manuscript2,7
Mosaic plagiarism: In this type of plagiarism each word is not copied but it involves mixing ones own words in someone else's ideas and opinions.This is copyingandpastinginpatchymanner
Paraphrasing:Ifonerewritesanypart/paragraphofmanuscriptinhis/herown wordsitiscalledparaphrasing.Paraphrasingisarestatementinyourownwords, ofsomeoneelse'sideas.Changingafewwordsoftheoriginalsentencesdoesnot make it your writing. Just changing words cannot make it the property of borrower; hence, this should be properly referenced. If it is not referenced, it will amounttoplagiarism
Self plagiarism: “Publication of one's own data that have already been publishedisnotacceptablesinceitdistortsscientificrecord.”1Self-plagiarizedpublications do not contribute to scientific work; they just increase the number of papers published without justification in scientific research.8 The authors get benefit in the form of increased number of published papers.8 Self plagiarism involvesdishonestybutnotintellectualtheft.9Roig10gaveclassificationofself plagiarismanddivideditintofourtypes:(i)Duplicate(redundant)publication, (ii)augmentedpublication,(iii)segmentedpublication,and(iv)textrecycling.
Duplicate publication: When an author submits identical or almost identical manuscript(samedata,results,anddiscussion)totwodifferentjournals,itisconsideredasduplicate(redundant)publication.9AsperCOPEguidelines,thisisan offenseandeditorcantakeanactionaspertheCOPEflowchart
Augmentedpublication:Iftheauthoraddsadditionaldatatohis/herpreviously published work and changes title, modifies aim of the study, and recalculates results,itamountstoaugmentedpublication.Plagiarismdetectionsoftwareusuallydonotpickitbecauseitisnotsamebyverbatim.Thisself-plagiarismisas such technical plagiarism and is not considered with same strictness as plagiarism.Theeditormayconsideritforpublicationinthefollowingthreesituations: If author refers to his/her previous work; if 'methods' cannot be written in any other form; and if author clearlystates thatnew manuscriptcontainsdatafrom previouspublication10
Segmentedpublication:Alsocalled“Salami-Sliced”publication.Inthiscase, two or more papers are derived from the same experimental/research/original work.Salami-slicedpapersaredifficulttodetectandusuallyarepointedoutby reviewersorreaders.Thedecisionregardingsuchmanuscriptisagainoneditor's shoulder Theauthormustbeaskedtorefertohis/herpreviouslypublishedwork andexplainreasonablytheconnectionofthesegmentedpapertohis/herpreviouslypublishedwork
Textrecycling:Iftheauthoruseslargeportionsofhis/herownalreadypublished textinhis/hernewmanuscript,itiscalledtextrecycling.Itcanbedetectedbyplagiarismsoftware.ItcanbehandledaspertheCOPEguidelines.
Copyright©2023,IERJ.Thisopen-accessarticleispublishedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial4.0InternationalLicensewhichpermitsShare(copyandredistributethematerialinany mediumorformat)andAdapt(remix,transform,andbuilduponthematerial)undertheAttribution-NonCommercialterms.
Cyberplagiarism:“Copyingordownloadinginpartorintheirentiretyarticles orresearchpapersandideasfromtheinternetandnotgivingproperattributionis unethicalandfallsintherangeofcyberplagiarism”2
Image plagiarism: Using an image or video without receiving proper permissionorprovidingappropriatecitationisplagiarism.7“Imagescanbetampered onsupportfindings,promoteaspecifictechniqueoveranothertostrengthenthe correctnessofpoorlyvisualizedfindings,removethedefectsofanimageandto misrepresentanimagefromwhatitreallyis”?11
REVIEWOFLITERATURE:
Therearevariousauthorswhohavediscussedandimplementeddifferentkinds ofsoftwaresforfindingplagiarism.WawasanOpenUniversityhasimplemented plagiarism-detectionsoftwarefortheircoursedeliveryandtheyintroducedthe usageofanonlineplagiarism-detectionsoftware(TurnitinTM).Richaetal.discussedaboutthetools,tipsandthemethodscontrolplagiarism.Italsosuggested to submit the e-thesis and preparation of databases of thesis in India (2) Highlightedtheplagiarismdetectionsoftwareswhicharefreelyavailableonline,that canbedownloadedfreeofcost.Shesuggestedthefacultymembersandresearch scholars use these anti plagiarism softwares to check their thesis or research papersbeforesubmittingto UniversitiesorConferences.UrvasiGargetal,has discussed about Maulik, which is the automated plagiarism detection software tool for Hindi documents and he discussed about in English documents automatedplagiarismdetectiontool.Pathaketal,attemptedanantiplagiarismsoftwaresandtheimpactonresearchwork.RanaKhudhairAbbasAhmeddefinedplagiarism softwares and overview has been given by Asim M. et al. Loo Choo Hong et al. about the twenty-one plagiarism tools and the benefits of all these tools. The comparison of discussed about comparative study on online plagiarismdetectionservicesindistancecourses.AnnM.Rogersonetal.highlighted paraphrasingtoolswhichisavailableonline.
OBJECTIVES:
Ÿ Themainobjectiveoftheproposedsystemisusedtolistoutthesoftwares which helps at all levels, such as students, faculty members, academic institutionandresearchscholarstoavoidplagiarism.
Ÿ Toanalyzethedifferencebetweenallthesoftwaresandhowforitisuseful tothecandidates.
Ÿ Todetermineatwhatextendthesoftwaresareintegratingwiththesociety
SOFTWARESFORANTIPLAGIARISM
Plagiarismisabootlegging,inwhichthepersoncanliftthewordsorparagraphs fromsomeone'sworkwithoutgivingcitationorauthorship(ownership)whichis taken fromthedifferentsourcessuchasarticles,books,lecturesandinternet.It isaseriousoffenseintheworld.Excuseswillnotbegivenforcommittingplagiarism.Ifanyoneiscommittingplagiarism,whichdenotesfraud.Hencethereisa needtocreateawarenessaboutanti-plagiarismandtheavailabletoolswhichwill helptofindplagiarism.Therearevariouskindsofanti-plagiarismtoolsareavailablecommerciallyaswellasopensource.
THECOMMERCIALANDOPENSOURCESOFTWAREAREASFOL-
LOWS:
Ÿ Turnitin
Ÿ Urkund
Ÿ Ithenticate
Ÿ Plagscan
Ÿ Plagaware
Ÿ Quetext
Ÿ PaperRater
Ÿ Viper
Ÿ SourceForge
Ÿ Scannyessay.Com
Ÿ ProWritingAid
Ÿ Copyscape
Ÿ WhiteSmoke
ANTI-PLAGIARISMTOOLSSKETCH:
Thispaperdealsaboutanti-plagiarismtools,prosandconsoftheanti-plagiarism tools.Thefollowingsectionsshowanoverviewofthosetoolsandwhytheeducationinstitutionsarechoosingthatsoftware.
Turnitin
Ÿ Userfriendly:Theusercanaccesseasily
Ÿ Lowtimeconsumption:Ittakesverylowprocessingtime.
Ÿ Highqualityfeedback:qualityofthefeedbackisimproved.
Ÿ Freetraining:Thetrainingwhichisgivenbythesoftwareitself
Ÿ Itisalsoanever-growingdatabase.
Ÿ Other services such as GradeChek,WriteChek and PeerCheck provided bythistool.
Ÿ Thisismainlyforresearchsources
Ÿ Standardsupportsarephone,e-mailandonlineform.
Ithenticate:
Ÿ DatabaseCheck:itusesitsowndatabasewhichincludesmillionsofdocumentssuchasarticles,papers,assignments,essaysandbooks.Inthis,the
database is available locally, authorized user can access this database, eitherofflineoronlinetofindtheplagiarizedcontent.
Ÿ InternetCheck:Thisisconsideredtobe thefirstonlineplagiarismtool.It hasalinktodatabaseandwebsitestochecktheinternetwithallsubmitted documents.
Ÿ Publication Check: It also checks both offline and online publications such as magazines, newspapers, books, journals, articles, PDF and websiteetc.,
Ÿ ComparingMultipleDocuments:itallowsmultipledocumentsorwordto wordalso.
Ÿ LanguageSupport:ItsupportsmanylanguagessuchasChinese,English, Dutch,Portuguese,Russian,Spanishetc.tofindtheplagiarism.
Urkund:
Ÿ Itcheckstheinstitutiondocumentsonline.Thereisnopossibilityoflocal serverinstallation.
Ÿ Themainsourcesareinternetsources.
Ÿ Standardsupportsareskype,phoneande-mail
Ÿ Themoodleplag-inisavailableanditinstalledinMerlinsystem.
PlagScan:
Ÿ DatabaseCheck:Itisalsohavingowndatabasewhichincludesmillions ofdocumentssuchasarticles,assignmentsandpaperthroughonline.
Ÿ InternetCheck:Ithelpstochecktheplagiarismthroughonlinetoalldocuments.
Ÿ PublicationCheck:Thistoolismainlyusedbyacademicinstitution
Ÿ ComparingMultipleDocuments:Italsoallowsmultipledocuments.
Ÿ Standardsupportsaree-mails,webinarsandphone.
PlagAware:
Ÿ This tool is used to tracing and detecting plagiarisms from the websites insteadoffindingorcopingcontents.
Ÿ Thisismainlyusedtoanalyzethestudent'sacademicdocuments.
Ÿ ltcreatesthereportswhichhelpsindetectingplagiarismquickly
Ÿ Plagawareprovidesauthorshipproof,whichgivesconfirmationofauthorization.
Ÿ Itisanonlinedatabasecheckertool.
Ÿ Thestudentcansubmittheirdocument,thistoolwillstartsearchoverthe internet.
Quetext:
Ÿ Thisfreeonlineplagiarismcheckerwithpercentagehasdeepsearchtechnology,enablingittomakedetailedsearches.
Ÿ Itisoneofthebestplagiarismcheckers,consistsofasnippetboxwhich showsonlythatportionofthetextthathasbeenplagiarized.
Ÿ Inadditiontoonlinepublishedarticles,youcanevencomparenewsarticlesforplagiarism.
Ÿ Quetextplagiarismdetectionsoftwareoffersaquicksearchresultoption forlettinguserscomparelargenumbersofdatabasesinashorterduration oftime.
PaperRater:
Ÿ Counted amongst the leading software in the plagiarism checking software list, PaperRater offers cloud-based support for removing typos throughalgosbasedonmachinelearning.
Ÿ Theplagiarismchecker2000wordsfreeversionrunsroundtheclockand offersresultsalmostinstantaneously
Ÿ PaperRateronlineplagiarismcheckerrequiresnologinorsignups.
Ÿ Itincludesmodulesforimprovingthequalityofyourwriteups,suggestingsentencestoremoveandrankingyourvocabularyusage.
Ÿ The free online plagiarism checker has an auto grader module that providesascoretoyouressaysandwriteups.
OPENSOURCESOFTWARES
There aresoftwareswhichareopentoallandithelpstochecktheplagiarism. TheopensourceDunasViper,sourceforge,scanmyessay.comandpaperrater Thesesoftwaresarefreeapplicationsoftwares,anystudentscanposttheiressays andgettheplagiarismvalue.Thestudentandteacherscanusethesesoftwaresto findplagiarism.
Hence, these licensed and open source softwares provides services to trace, detect and identifying the plagiarism.Anti- Plagiarism is one of the major services which needs for different sources such as books, journals, magazines, essays,etc.Thisservicesareprovidedonlybyanti-plagiarismsoftwaresortools. Hence,thereisaneedtouseanti-plagiarismtoolsineveryacademicinstitution and the librarian has to create awareness about these tools to students, faculty membersandresearchscholars.
CONCLUSION
Thispaperdealsaboutplagiarism,anti-plagiarismandtoolswhicharerelatedto theanti-plagiarismareexplainedforacademicinstitution,individuals,students, researchscholarsandfacultymembers.Thispaperalsoincludesthebenefitsof software which gives information to take decision in finding the software for their respective needs. It gives a brief introduction about all anti-plagiarism
tools.ManyuniversitiesareusingTurnitinandVipertoolstoidentifytheplagiarism.Inthispaper,wehavegivenanoverviewofplagiarismtoolswhichhelpsto understandtheneedofanti-plagiarismtools.
REFERENCES
1. AronsonJK.Plagiarism–Pleasedon'tcopy.BrJClinPharmacol.(2007);64:403–5. [PMCfreearticle][PubMed][GoogleScholar]
2. Jawad F Plagiarism and integrity in research. J Pak MedAssoc. (2013); 63:1446–7. [PubMed][GoogleScholar]
3. PechnickJA.AShortGuidetoWritingaboutBiology 4thed.NewYork:AddisonWesleyLongman;(2001).[GoogleScholar]
4. WorldAssociation of Medical Editors. Publication Ethics Policies for Medical Journals [Last accessed on 2016 Oct 14] Available from: “http://wwwwameorg/resources/publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals ” http://www.wameorg/resources/publication-ethics-policies-for-medical-journals
5. Handa S. Plagiarism and publication ethics: Dos and don'ts. Indian J Dermatol VenereolLeprol.(2008);74:301–3.[PubMed][GoogleScholar]
6. CommitteeonPublicationEthics.GuidelinesonGoodPublicationandtheCodeofConduct [Last accessed on (2016) Oct 14] Available from: http://www.publicationethics.org.uk/guidelines
7. [ L a s t a c c e s s e d o n ( 2 0 1 6 ) O c t 1 4 ] Av a i l a b l e f r o m : http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/
8. Merriman J Plagiarism – What is it How to avoid it? Am Fam Physician (2010);82:1428.[PubMed][GoogleScholar]
9. Supak-SmocicV,Bilic-ZulleL.Howdowehandleself-plagiarisminsubmittedmanuscripts? Biochem Med (Zagreb) (2013);23:150–3. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [GoogleScholar]
10. Roig M. Plagiarism and self-plagiarism: What every author should know Biochem Med.(2010);20:295–300.[GoogleScholar]
11. Parrish D, Noonan B. Image manipulation as research misconduct. Sci Eng Ethics. (2009);15:161–7.[PubMed][GoogleScholar]
12. MehicB.Plagiarismandself-plagiarism.BosnJBasicMedSci.(2013);13:139.[PMC freearticle][PubMed][GoogleScholar
13. Ali,M.E.T.,Abdulla,H.M.D.andSnasel,V (2011)."Overviewandcomparisonof plagiarism detection tools", Proceedings of the Dateso (2011): Annual International WorkshoponDatabasis.TextsSpecificationsandObjects,(2011).
14. Ann, M. Rogersonand Grace McCarthy (2017). Using Internet based paraphrasing tools:Originalwork,patchwritingorfacilitatedplagiarism?,InternationalJournalfor EducationalIntegrity(2017)13:2.
15. Hong,LooChoo,andTungLiCheng.(2013)."Comparativestudyontheusageofan onlineplagiarismdetectionservicewhenpresentingdistancelearningcourses."ASan AssociationofOpenUniversitiesJournal(2017)8.1:23-31.
16. LooChooHong,TungLaiCheng.(2013).Comparativestudyontheusageofanonplagiarismdetectionservicewhenpresentingdistancelearningcourses,AsianAssoclaud ofOpenUniversitiesJournal,vol.8,no.1,MARCH(2013),2331.
17. OnlineSource Richa Tripathi S Kumar. (2009) "Plagiarism: A Plague) htps://www.inflibnet.ac.in/caliber2009/.../64.pdf
18. Pathak,NityaNanda,Malakar,Konika(2016)UseofAntiPlagiarismSottwaDetection ofPlagiarisminResearchWorkintheNorthEastRegionwithSpecialKotoGauhati University,INFLIBNETCentre,Gandhinagar,PLANNER-2016,26.
19. RanaKhudhairAbbasAhmed(2015).OverviewofDifferentPlagiarismDetee(10)for Tools, International Journal of Futuristic Trends in Engineering and Technology, (2015).Vol.2
20. Urvashi, G., Vishal, G.. and Maulik (2016). A plagiarism detection too documents. IndianJournalofScienceandTechnology Mar;9(12):1-1l.