Research Paper
Education
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 7 | July 2020
f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u Dr. Naresh Kumar Principal, Shree Ganpati Institute of Education and Technology, Faizabad, Mahendergarh (Hry), India. ABSTRACT
izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u fofHkUu vk;ke]lkekftd xfr'khyrk] 'kSf{kd xfr'khyrk] O;olkf;d xfr'khyrk]HkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk vkUrihZ<+h xfr'khyrk ds vUrxZr fd;k x;k gSaA v/;;u gsrq jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;]t;iqj ls lEc) f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr dqy 400 izk/;kidksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA 'kks/kdrkZ }kjk izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks tkuus ds fy, LofufeZr midj.k ds :Ik esa iz'ukoyh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl iz'ukoyh esa fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa ds lq>koksa ds vk/kkj ij 45 iz'uksa dk p;u dj vfUre :Ik fn;k x;k gS ,oa izekihd`r fd;k x;kA KEYWORDS :
f'k{kd izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;] lkekftd xfr'khyrk
izLrkouk % orZeku n'kd esa lkekftd xfr'khyrk o lkekftd Lrjhdj.k lekt'kkL=h; o f'k{kk ds v/;;u dk eq[; fo"k; jgk gSA 1950 ds ckn ds o"kksZa esa xfr'khyrk ls lEcfU/kr rF; ,oa ?kVuk,sa gesa;g crkrs gSa bldk lEcU/k vkS?kksfxdj.k ,oa 'kgjhdj.k ls gSA 20oha 'krkCnh ds vfUre n'kd esa vkfFkZd fodkl] oS'ohdj.k o f'k{kk ds izlkj us O;oLkk; ds uohu volj ,oa u;s {ks=ksa us O;fDr dh lkekftd izfLFkfr dks ifjoZfrZr fd;k gSA vkS?kksfxd o 'kgjhdj.k vkfn ls lEiw.kZ fo'o dh tula[;k dks ubZ ifjfLFkfr esa cnydj j[k fn;k gSA lekt'kkL=h; ijEijkvks a dh vks j vxj ge ns [ ks tks dkEVs¼1798&1857½ us lekt 'kkL= dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k FkkA izFke lkekftd fLFkfr foKku vkSj nwljh lkekftd xfr foKkuA lkekftd fLFkfr foKku lekt dh lajpuk ls lEcaf/kr gS vkSj lkekftd xfr foKku mlds fodkl ls lEcfU/kr gSA lkekftd fLFkfr foKku dh lkFkZdrk ;g gS fd ;g foKku lkekftd O;oLFkk ds ewy fl)kUrksa ls gekjk ifjp; djokrk gS] rkfd ge muds egRo dks le>dj vius lkekftd thou dks bl izdkj laxfBr djs ftlls lkekftd lUrqyu fcxM+us u ik;s vkSj ekuo ds HkkSfrd] uSfrd rFkk ckSf)d rhuksa i{kksa dk lUrqfyr fodkl ljy gks lds bls gh lkekftd fu;a=.k dg ldrs gSaA lekt 'kkL= dk nwljk izeq[k Hkkx lkekftd xfr foKku gSA lkekftd xfr foKku dh vko';drk ;k izxfr dk v/;;u gSA ;g ekuork dh vko';d rFkk fujUrj xfr dk foKku gSA blds vUrxZr os fuf'pr fu;e vk tkrs gS] ftlds vuqlkj lekt dk Øfed fodkl ;k ifjoZru gksrk gSA lkekftd xfr'khyrk ds v/;;u esa ijsVks dh vo/kkj.kk dkQh egRo j[krh gSA muds }kjk izfrikfnr vfHktkr oxZ ds ifjHkze.k dh vo/kkj.kk egRoiw.kZ gSA isjsVks ds vuqlkj bl vfHktkr & oxZ ds vUrxZr fujUrj Åij uhps vkus tkus dh ,d izfØ;k pyrh jgrh gS ftls fd isjsVks us vfHktkr ds ifjHkze.k dh laKk nh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa lkekftd laLrj.k dh ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gksrh gS fd dksbZ Hkh oxZ fo'ks"kdj vfHktkr oxZ vf/kd fLFkj ugha gksrk vius thou esa izkIr lQyrk ;k vlQyrk ds vuqlkj fuEu oxZ ds O;fDr mPp oxZ esa vk ldrs gS rFkk mPp oxZ ds yksx fuEu oxZ esa tk ldrs gSA bl ifjHkze.k dh xfr izR;sd lekt esa ,d&lh ugha gksrhA ijUrq ifjHkze.k dh
izfØ;k izR;sd lekt esa gksrh vo'; gS] D;ksadh dksbZ Hkh oxZ iw.kZr;k can oxZ gks lds] ,slk lEHko ughaA okLro esa izR;sd lekt esa fdlh u fdlh xfr ls vfHktkrksa ds ifjHkze.k dh izfØ;k pyrh gh jgrh gSA mlh izdkj vfHktkrksa ds ifjHkze.k dh rhozrk izR;sd lekt esa fHkUu fHkUu gksrh gSA mi;qDrZ fooj.k ls ;g Li"V gS fd ijs;s ds erkuqlkj vfHktkr oxZ dk iru rFkk fuEu oxZ dk mRFkku ;k mij dh vksj p<+uk gj lekt esa gj le; gksrk jgrk gSA ijs;s ds erkuqlkj lkekftd lajpuk esa tks mPp&fuEu dk laLrj.k gksrk gS] og eksVs rkSj ij nks oxksZa }kjk gksrk gSA mPp oxZ rFkk fuEu oxZA buesa ls dksbZ Hkh oxZ fLFkj ugha gksrk vfirq muesa pØh; xfr ikbZ tkrh gSA lkekftd xfr'khyrk 'kCn ^lkekftd^ ,oa ^xfr'khyrk^ ds ;ksx ls cuk lkFkZd 'kCn gSA ^lkekftd^ dk vFkZ gS lekt fo"k;d tcfd ^xfr'khyrk^ dk vFkZ gS xeu djuk & vxzlj gksuk] ,d LFkku fo'ks"k ls nwljs LFkku ij pyuk rFkk fLFkfr ifjoZru vFkkZr~ ,d lkekftd fLFkfr ls nwljh lkekftd fLFkfr dks izkIr djuk gh lkekftd xfr'khyrk gSA ;g lkekftd fLFkfr mPp Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj fuEu HkhA ,d ijEijkxr vkSj :f<+oknh lekt ls oSKkfud vkSj izkS?kksfxdh lEIkUu vk/kqfud lekt dh miyfC/k lkekftd xfr'khyrk gSA bl izdkj 'kks/kdrkZ us f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u djus dk ekul cuk;kA leL;k dFku % ^^f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u^^ rduhdh 'kCnksa dk ikfjHkk"khdj.k % f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; % ,sls egkfo|ky; tgk¡ ek/;fed Lrj ds fo|ky;ksa ds fy, v/;kidksa dks izf'k{k.k iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g egkfo|ky; jk"Vªh; v/;kid f'k{kk ifj"kn~ }kjk ekU;rk izkIr gksrs gSA lkekftd xfr'khyrk % fdlh O;fDr ;k lewg dk ,d lkekftd fLFkfr ls nwljh lkekftd fLFkfr esa xeu djuk gh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dgykrk gSA vFkkZr~
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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
72
Research Paper
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 7 | July 2020
lkekftd xfr'khyrk ls vk'k; lkekftd lewg rFkk Lrjksa eas fdlh O;fDr dk ,d lkekftd fLFkfr ls nwljh lkekftd fLFkfr esa igq¡p tkuk gSA v/;;u ds mís'; % 1- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u djukA 2- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh 'kSf{kd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u djukA 3- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh O;olkf;d xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u djukA 4- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh HkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u djukA 5- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh vkUrihZ<+h xfr'khyrk dk v/;;u djukA v/;;u dh ifjdYiuk,¡ % 1- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA 2- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh 'kSf{kd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA 3- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh O;olkf;d xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA 4- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh HkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA 5- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh vkUrihZ<+h xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA
rkfydk&1 oxZ fuEu fuEu & e/;e e/;e mPp & e/;e mPp ;ksx
vfHkHkod 12 33 215 93 47 400
izk/;kid & 6 220 104 70 400
dbZ oxZ eku
35-88
Lora=rk va'k (df) % 4 mi;qZDr rkfydk 1 esa f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;idksa ,oa muds vfHkHkkodksa ds lkekftd] vkfFkZd Lrj dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA Lora=rk va'k 4 ij dkbZ oxZ eku rkfydk ewY; 0-01 lkFkZdrk Lrj ij 13-277 gSA x.kuk djus ij dkbZ eku 35-88 izkIr gqvkA tks lkj.kh;u eku vf/kd gSA vr% ifjdYiuk f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gS] Lohd`r dh tkrh gSA 2- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh 'kSf{kd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA rkfydk&2 oxZ mPp izkFkfed ek/;fed mPp ek/;fed Lukrd vf/kLukrd fo|k okfjf/k ;ksx
vfHkHkod 55 65 123 60 67 30 400
izk/;kid & & & & 330 70 400
dbZ oxZ eku
493-2
U;kn'kZ % izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky; t;iqj ls lEc) f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dk 20 izfr'kr vFkkZr~ dqy 400 izk/;kid U;k;n'kZ ds :Ik esa p;u fd;k x;k gSA
Lora=rk va'k (df) % 5 64 3- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh O;olkf;d xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA
v/;;u fof/k % izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa iznr ladyu gsrq losZ{k.k fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
rkfydk&3
v/;;u esa iz;qDr midj.k % 'kks/kdrkZ us jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky; ls lEc) f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks tkuus ds fy, LofufeZr midj.k ds :Ik esa iz'ukoyh dk Ikz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl iz'ukoyh esa 5 vk;keksa ds vUrxZr dqy 45 iz'u gSA 'kks/k esa iz;qDr lkaf[;dh % izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa izfr'kr ,oa dkbZ oxZ lkaf[;dh dk Ikz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA iznrksa dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa O;k[;k % 1- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh lkekftd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA 73
oxZ vfHkHkod dqfyu oxZ 55 O;kolkf;d oxZ 65 ea=kyf;d deZpkjh oxZ 123 rduhdh deZpkjh oxZ 60 prqFkZ Js.kh deZpkjh oxZ 67 vdq'ky oxZ 30 ;ksx 400
izk/;kid & & & & & & 400
dbZ oxZ eku
480
Lora=rk va'k (df) = 5 mi;qZDr rkfydk 3 esa f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa ,oa muds vfHkHkkodksa dh O;olk; dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSALora=rk va'k 5 ij dkbZ oxZ eku rkfydk ewY; 0-01 lkFkZdrk Lrj ij 15-086 gSA x.kuk djus ij dkbZ eku 480 izkIr gqvkA tks lkj.kh;u eku vf/kd gSA vr% ifjdYiuk f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dh International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
Research Paper
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 7 | July 2020
le; esa f'k{kk dk Lrj fujarj c<+ jgk gSA ftlds dkj.k vfHkHkkod vius ckydksa dks f'k{kk dh vksj vf/kd /;ku nsrs gSA vkSj mUgsa mPp f'k{kk dh vksj izsfjr djrs gSA ftlds dkj.k 'kSf{kd xfr'khyrk esa vR;f/kd o`f) gqbZ gSA
O;kolkf;d xfr'khyrkikbZ tkrh gS] Lohd`r dh tkrh gSA 4- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dhHkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA rkfydk&4 oxZ “kgj dLck xkao <k.kh ;ksx
vfHkHkod 28 95 73 204 400
izk/;kid 124 152 111 13 400
dbZ oxZ eku
249-7
3- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa esa O;kolkf;d xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA rFkkfi ;g lR; Hkh gS fd f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa dh O;kolkf;d xfr'khyrk muds vfHkHkkodksa dh rqyuk esa vR;f/kd mPp gSa ftlds dkj.k 80 izfr'kr ls vf/kd izk/;kidksa esa vius vfHkHkkodksa ls vyx O;olk; dks viuk;k gSA 4- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa esa HkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA ;g bldk izrhd gS fd 'kSf{kd vkSj O;kolkf;d xfr'khyrk ds dkj.k izk/;kidksa esa <k.kh ls xkao] xkao ls dLck] dLck ls 'kgj dh vksj iyk;u dh izo`fr c<+h gSA
Lora=rk va'k (df) = 3 mi;qZDr rkfydk 4 esa f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa ,oa muds vfHkHkkodksa ds fuokl LFkku ifjoZru dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA Lora=rk va'k 3 ij dkbZ oxZ eku rkfydk ewY; 0-01 lkFkZdrk Lrj ij 11-345 gSA x.kuk djus ij dkbZ eku 249-7 izkIr gqvkA tks lkj.kh;u eku vf/kd gSA vr% ifjdYiuk f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa esa HkkSxksfyd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gS] Lohd`r dh tkrh gSA
5- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa esa vkUrihZ<+h xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gS f'k{kd izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; ds 67-75 izfr'kr izk/;kidksa us Lohdkjk dh f'k{kk vkUrihZ<+h lkekftd xfr'khyrk gqbZ gSA tcfd /ku }kjk lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd 18 izfr'kr] tkfr 10-25 izfr'kr ,oa HkkX; }kjk 4 izfr'kr vkUrihZ<+h lkekftd xfr'khyrk ikbZ xbZA
5- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; esa dk;Zjr izk/;kidksa dhvkUrihZ<+h lkekftd xfr'khyrk esa ikbZ tkrh gSA
I.
Blau, Peter M. : “Social Mobility and Interpresonal Relations”, in American Sociological Review, Vol. 21, No. 3, 1956.
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Bose, Pradeep K. : “Social Mobility and Caste Violence : A Study of Gujarat Riots”, in Economics and Political Weekly, Vol. XVI, No. 16, 1981
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Gairat, Henari E. : Statical approach in Education and Psychology Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 2011
IV.
Glauber R. & Conley D. : Research in Social Stratification and Moblity, Vol. 26, Nov. 2008.
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Kapil, H.K. : “Research Methology”, Har Prasad Bhargav Publication Agra, 2004.
VI.
Majumder, Rajarshi : Intergenerational Mobility in Educaitonal and Occupational Attainment. A comparative Study of Social Classes in India, 2010
lUnHkZ xzUFk %
rkfydk&5 dkjd f'k{kk /ku tkfr HkX; ;ksx
Lka[;k 271 72 41 16 400
izfr'kr 67-75 18 10-25 4 400
mi;qZDr rkfydk 5 esa f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa ,oa muds vfHkHkkodksa esa vkUrihZ<+h lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA f'k{kd izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds 67-75 izfr'kr izk/;kidksa us Lohdkjk fd f'k{kk }kjk vkUrihZ<+h lkekftd xfr'khyrk gqbZ gSA tcfd /ku dks lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks izHkkfor djus okyk dkjd 18 izfr'kr] tkfr 10-25 izfr'kr ,oa HkkX; }kjk 4 izfr'kr vkUrihZ<+h lkekftd xfr'khyrk gqbZ gSA voyksfdr ifj.kkeksa ls Li"V gksrk gS fd f'k{kd izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa esa f'k{kk }kjk lcls vf/kd vkUrihZ<+h lkekftd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA vkUrihZ<+h lkekftd xfr'khyrk dks ykus esa f'k{kk dh vge~ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA
VII. Maijjhu, Ramesh Kumar : Higher Education and Social moblility an interdisciplinary study of the impact of university education on the carrers and attitude of graduate in Jammu & Kashmir. Ph.D. (Eduation) of Pune, 1992 VIII. Neelson, J.P. : “The Impact of Educaiton on the Social Stratification in India”, in Journal of Social Research, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1972 IX.
Shrivastav, D.N.: “Research Methology”, Sahitya Prakashan, Agra, 2007
X.
Singh, Arun Kumar : “Research Methology in Psychology, Sociology and Education , Motilal Banarsidas Publication, New Delhi, 2013
fu"d"kZ % 1- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; ds izk/;kidksa esa lkekftd xfrfof/k;ka ikbZ tkrh gSA ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij Li"V gksrk gS fd f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa ds izk/;kidksa dk lkekftd] vkfFkZd Lrj muds vfHkHkkodksa dh rqyuk esa mPp ik;k tkrk gSA vFkkZRk~ f'k{kd&izf'k{kdksa ,oa muds vfHkHkkodksa ds e/; lkekftd xfr'khyrk ikbZ tkrh gSA 2- f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky; ds izk/;kidksa ds 'kSf{kd Lrj muds vfHkHkkodksa ls mPp ik;k x;kA bldk dkj.k Hkkjr esa orZeku International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
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