Research Paper
Physical Education
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 2 | Issue : 7 | July 2016
EFFECT OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR FITNESS COMPONENTS AMONG ENGINEERING COLLEGE MEN STUDENTS Dr. P. Ganesh Kumar Assistant Director of Physical Education, Madras Veterinary College, vepery, Chennai – 600 007,Tamil Nadu, India. Introduction Sports training includes physiological changes in almost every system of the body particularly with the skeletal muscle and the cardio-respiratory system. The changes resulting from training are influenced by the frequency, duration and particularly by the intensity of training programme. The effects of training are specific to the type of exercise performed, the muscle group involved, and to the type of training programme used. The specificity of training and exercise has the two broad physiological bases, metabolic and neuromuscular. Sports Training is a process of athletic improvement, which is conducted on basis of scientific principles through which systematic development of mental and physical efficiency, capacity and motivation enables athletes to produce outstanding and record breaking athletic performances. Plyometric is derived from Latin word plyometrics is interpreted top mean “measurable increases” plyometrices refers to the exercise that enables a muscle to reach maximum strength in as short a time as possible. This speed strength is known as power. For many years coaches and athletes have sought to improve power in order to enhance performance. Throughout this century and no doubt long before jumping, bounding & hopping exercise have been used in various ways to enhance athletic performances.
2-3 weeks
3-4 weeks
4-6 weeks
Half Squat
First 2 weeks Phase I 2(10)
II 3(15)
III 3(15)
IV 3(15)
Leg press Leg level Bench press
2(10) 2(20m) 2(10)
3(10) 3(20) 3(10)
3(15) 3(15) 3(15)
3(15) 3(15) 3(15)
S.No
Exercise
1 2 3 4
Volume: 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetition
Experimental Design an statistical procedure The Experimental design used for the present investigation was random group design involving forty five subjects for training for training effect. Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was used as a statistical technique to determine the significant difference, if any existing between pre test and post test data on selected dependent variables. The level of significance was accepted at p<0.05. Results and Discussion: The age, height and weight of the selected subjects averaged 20.07±1.34 year, 168.3±4.12cm, and 63.7±3.57kg respectively. The descriptive analysis of data collected on selected motor fitness components before and after six weeks of plyometric and resistance training is presented in table IV,V,VI, and VII. Table – IV Computation of Analysis of co-variance on Speed
7.73
6.92
7.92
7.09
5.08
6.95
7.15
6.09
Sum of squares
Post-test mean Adjusted post test mean
7.81
Sources of variance
SI. Unit of Tests/Instruments Variables NO Measurements 1 Speed Stop watch 50 meter dash 2 Explosive Power Sargeant Vertical Jump Centimeter 3 Cardio-Respiratory Endurance Cooper's 12 Run/walk Meters Bent Knee sit-ups Counts Muscular Strength 4
Control Group–III
Pre-test mean
Experimental Group–II (Resistance)
The selected criterion variables were assessed using standard tests and procedures,before and after the training schedule. The instruments used for testing the dependent variables were standard and reliable as they were purchased from the reputed companies the variables and tests used are presented in table 1. Table I Criterion variables and Tests
Recovery: 5-10 min between sets.
Experimental Group–I (Plyometric)
Methodology The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of plyometric training and resistance training on the development of motor fitness components. To achieve this purpose of the study,forty five engineering college students from University College of Engineering, Ariyalur were selected as subjects at random. The age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 21 years. The selected subjects were divided into three equal groups of fifteen subjects each Group I underwent plyometric training, Group II underwent resistance training,Group II act as control group.
Table – III Exercise used in the Resistance Training Schedule
Df
B: W: B: W: B: W:
1.27 12.07 2.22 11.01 4.85 8.40
2 43 2 43 2 42
Mean F-ratio squares .64 .21 1.11 .19 1.03 .15
3.05 5.84 3.53
Training Programme During the training period the experimental groups underwent their Respective training program,three days per week (alternate days) for six weeks in addition to their regular programme to the course of study as per their curriculum.
Table IV shows the analyzed data on speed, the pre-test, post test and adjusted post test means of speed were (7.81, 7.73, 6.92)(7.92, 7.09, 5.80) (6.95, 7.15, 6.09) for the experimental group I,II,& III respectively. The obtained `F` ratio for pre-test 3.05, post test 5.84, and adjusted post test 3.21. The table value is 3.15 at .5 level of significant for the degree of freedom (2 and 43 and 2 and 42) hence the obtained `F` ratio adjusted post test were greater than the table `F` ratio. Therefore it is proved those plyometric training groups have been better the other two groups.
Table – II Exercise used in the plyometric Training Schedule
Table – V Computation of Analysis of co-variance on Explosive Power Experimental Group–I (Plyometric)
Experimental Group–II (Weight)
Control Group-III
Burper*
2(10)
3(10)
3(15)
3(15)
3
Combination
2(20m)
3(20)
3(15)
3(15)
Pre-test mean
33.87
31.01
31.70
4
Drop push up*
2(10)
3(10)
3(15)
3(15)
Post-test mean 40.87
38.09
31.23
Adjusted post test mean
40.85
31.89
2-3 weeks
3-4 weeks
4-6 weeks
II 3(15)
III 3(15)
IV 3(15)
A phase consists of 3 weeks duration *number of sets followed by repetitions **Number of sets followed by distances – Recovery: 5 to 10 sec of test between repletion and 2-3 min between sets
41.85
Sum of squares
Squat Jump*
2
Exercise
Sources of variance
1
First 2 weeks Phase I 2(10)
S.No
Df
Mean F-ratio squares
1.98 2 133.5 B: W: 141.01 43 3.27 B: 76.12 2 143.12 W: 143.12 43 4.27 B: 101.02 2 121.02 W: 78.39 42 3.01
2.95 12.09 3.03
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Research Paper
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 2 | Issue : 7 | July 2016
Table V shows the analyzed data on explosive power, the pre-test, post test and adjusted post test means of speed were (33.87, 31.01, 31.70)(40.87, 38.09, 31.23) (41.85, 40.85, 31.89) for the experimental group I,II,& III respectively. The obtained `F` ratio for pre-test 2.95,post test 12.09, and adjusted post test 3.03. The table value is 3.15 at .5 level of significant for the degree of freedom (2 and 43 and 2 and 42) hence the obtained `F` ratio adjusted post test were greater than the table `F` ratio. Therefore it is proved those plyometric training groups have been better the other two groups.
in Physical Education, Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger Publishers. 6.
Clarke & Clarke, (1978), Application of Measurements to Physical Education, New Jersey: The Prentice Hall Inc.
7.
Dick. Frank W, (1996), Sports Training Principles, London: Henry Kimpton Publishers Limited.
8.
TrogBurger “Complex Training Compared to Combined Weight Training and Plyometric Training Program”, M. S. –thesis – Abstract, Micrroform Publication Bulletin.(1999)
Table – VI Computation of Analysis of co-variance on Cardio respiratory Endurance Sum of squares
Sources of variance
Experimental Group–II (Weight)
Control Group–III
Experimental Group–I (Plyometric) 2487.5
2248.5 1985.5
B: 403073.3 2 201531.65 W: 7791150 43 136818.95
1.5
Post-test 2567.5 mean
2478.5 1980.5
B: 319740 2 W: 1579240 43
159865 27706.1
5.77
Adjusted B: 65758.6 2 post test 2545.82 2506.32 1981.5 W: 584310.2 42 mean
32869.8 10241.2
3.2
Pre-test mean
Df
Mean F-ratio squares
Table VI shows the analyzed data on explosive power, the pre-test, post test and adjusted post test means of speed were (2487.5, 2248.5, 1985.5)(2567.5, 2478.5, 1980.5) (2545.82,2506.32, 1981.5) for the experimental group I,II,& III respectively. The obtained `F` ratio for pre-test 1.5,post test 5.77, and adjusted post test 3.2. The table value is 3.15 at .5 level of significant for the degree of freedom (2 and 43 and 2 and 42) hence the obtained `F` ratio adjusted post test were greater than the table `F` ratio. Therefore it is proved those plyometric training groups have been better the other two groups. Table VII shows the analyzed data on explosive power, the pre-test, post test and adjusted post test means of speed were (21.40, 22.41, 21.03)(27.29, 28.37, 21.53) (25.33, 27.38,22.04) for the experimental group I,II,& III respectively. The obtained `F` ratio for pre-test 2.78,post test 6.78, and adjusted post test 3.21. The table value is 3.15 at .5 level of significant for the degree of freedom (2 and 43 and 2 and 42) hence the obtained `F` ratio adjusted post test were greater than the table `F` ratio. Therefore it is proved that Weight training groups have been better the other two groups. Table – VII Computation of Analysis of co-variance on Muscular Endurance Control Group–III
22.41
21.03
B: 3.07 2 W: 14.08 43
.98 .43
2.78
Post-test mean
27.29
28.37
21.53
B: 4.57 2 W: 13.08 43
2.38 .85
6.78
Adjusted post test mean
25.33
27.38
22.04
B: W:
4.27 .61
3.21
Sum of squares
Experimental Group–II (Weight)
21.40
Sources of variance
Experimental Group–I (Plyometric) Pre-test mean
5.27 5.01
Df
2 42
Mean F-ratio squares
Conclusions Within the limitation of present study, the following conclusions were drawn: Speed, Explosive power, Cardio-respiratory endurance and Muscular Endurance can be improved through plyometric and weight training as compared with controls. REFERENCES 1.
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Avery, D. Faigenbaum, James E. MC Farland, Fred B. Keiper, William Tevlin, Nicholas A. Ratamess,Jiekang, and Jay R. Hoffman. “Effects of a short - term plyometric and resistance training program on fitness performance in boys age 12 to 15 years.
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