Research Paper
Literature
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2020
HANSOPANISHAD ME SOHAM NAD SADHANA
galksifu'kn~ esa lks·ge ukn lk/kuk Namrata Chouhan Ph. D. Research Scholar, Yog and Ayurveda Department, Sanchi University for Buddhist-Indic Studies, Barla, Vidisha-Raisen Road NH-86, District Raisen – 464551, M.P., India ABSTRACT
galksifu'kn]~ Hkkjrh; Kku ijaijk ds vk/kkj rFkk ri%iwr _f'k eqfu;ksa dh eqY; /kjksgj pkjksa osnksa esa ls “kqDy ;tqosZn ls m)r ekuk tkrk gS] dqN fo}ku yksx bls vFkoZosn ls lacaf/kr ekurs gSA blesa dqy 21 ea=ksa ds leqg gS ftldk izkdV~; _f'k xkSre rFkk luRdqekj ds chp laokn ls gqvk gSA thoek= dk bl txr esa vkus dk mn~ns“; bZ’oj dks izkIr djuk vFkkZr lekf/k dh fLFkfr rd igqpuk gksrk gSA ftl gsrq lk/kd vusdksa lk/kuksa dk vH;kl djrk gSA galksifu'kn~ esa vk/;kfRed mUufr dk lk/ku gal vFkkZr vkse dks ekuk gSA vksedkj vFkkZr iz.ko ftls vkse] czEg] gal] thokRek] ijekRek rFkk lksge ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS lHkh ea=ksa esa Js'B ,dk{kj ea= gSA bl mifu'kn~ esa gal ea= dk jgL;] /;ku] tikfn dh fof/k;kW vkfn fo'k; ds lkFk gal dh foLr`r O;k[;k gSA bl mifu'kn~ esa gal dks thokRek dgk x;k gS ;g thokRek lHkh 'kjhjksa esa fry esa rsy rFkk dk'B esa vfXu dh Hkkafr fo|eku gSA gal izkfIr ds mik;ksa ds :Ik esa 'kV~pdz Hksnu dk fo/kku cryk;k gSA gal ds /;ku ls ukn dh mRifRr gqbZ gS] ftldh fofHkUu :iksa esa lk/kd dks vuqHkqfr gksrh gSA blh vuqHkqfr dh voLFkk dks vkRelk{kkRdkj rFkk lekf/k dh voLFkk dgh xbZ gSA eq[; 'kCn& gal] mifu'kn~] iz.ko] o`fRr;kWA izLrkouk : mifu'kn~ lfn;ksa ls iznhIr og Kku dk nhid gS tks l`f'V ds izkjaHk ls gh vc rd laiw.kZ txr dks izdkf’kr djrk pyk vk jgk gS rFkk l`f'V ds y; gksus rd Hkh izdkf’kr djrk jgsxkA ;g Hkkjr dh og eaxydkjh veqY; fuf/k gS ftlus leLr txr esa Hkkjr ds xkSjo dks c<k;k gSA mifu'kn~ dk Js'B Kku tho dks vYiKku ls vuar Kku dh vksj] vYilRrk o lhfer lkeZF; ls vuar lRrk vkSSj vuar “kfDr dh vksj] lkalkfjd nq%[kksa ls vkuan dh vksj rFkk tUe e`R;q ds ca/kuksa ls 1 “kkxor 'kkafr dh vksj ys tkrk gSA oSfnd lkfgR; ds vuqlkj 108 mifu'kn dgs x, gSA mnns’; rFkk oLrq ds vk/kkj ij mifu'knksa dks N% Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k gS vFkkZr osnkar fl)karksa ij vk/kkfjr 24 mifu'kns] la;kl fl)karks ij vk/kkfjr 17 mifu'kns] oS'.ko fl)karks ij vk/kkfjr 14] “kSo fl)karks ij vk/kkfjr 15 mifu'kns] “kkDr rFkk vU; fl)karks ij vk/kkfjr 18 mifu'kn~ rFkk ;ksx fl)karkas ij vk/kkfjr 20 mifu'kns gSA2 vkfn xw: “kadjkpk;Z d`r Hkk'; okyh eq[; mifu'knksa ¼bZ’k] dB] dsu] NkUnksX;] eq.Md] ek.MqD;] iz’u rFkk rSRrjh;½ esa iz.ko vFkkZr vkse dks ,dk{kj rFkk rhu ek=kvksa ls v] m] e ds lkFk v/kZek=k ls ;qDr dgk gSA ijekFkZ lk/ku ds fy, vkyacu vFkkZr lgkjksa esa iz.ko vFkkZr vkse dks gh Js'B dgk gSA buds vfrfjDr vU; mifu'knksa /;ku fcanq] ukn fcanq] ;ksxpqMkef.k] ;ksxrRo] vEk`rukn vkfn mifu'knksa esa Hkh iz.ko /;ku ds ykHkdkjh ifj.kkeksa dh O;k[;k dh gSA iz.koksifu'kn~] vFkoZf’k'kksZifu'kn~~] v{;qifu'kn~] eS=k;.;qifu'kn~] vkReizcks/kksifu'kn~] ijczg~eksifu'kn] ukjk;.kksifu'kn~ rFkk v{kekfydksifu'kn~ vkfn mifu'knksa esa vksedkj /;ku dh fof/k dk o.kZu fd;k gS lkFk gh /;ku dh fofHkUu vuqHko voLFkkvksa rFkk vk/;kfRed ykHkksa dh Hkh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA 20 ;ksx mifu'knksa esa galksifu'kn~ ,d izeq[k mifu'kn~ gSA ;ksxksifu"knksa ds uke Øe'k% galksifu"kn~] ve`ruknksifu"kn~] rstksfcanq
mifu"kn~] uknfcanq mifu"kn~] /;kufcanq mifu"kn~] czãfo|k mifu"kn~] ;ksxrRoksifu"kn~] f=f'k[kczkã.k mifu"kn~] ;ksxpqMkef.k mifu"kn~] e.Myczkã.k mifu"kn~] ;ksxf'k[kksifu"kn~] i'kqirczã mifu"kn~] ;ks x dq . Mfyuh mifu"kn~ ] egkokD;ks i fu"kn] ojkgks i fu"kn~ ] 'kkf.MY;ks i fu"kn~ ] v};rkjdks i fu"kn~ ] {kq j hdks i fu"kn~ ] 4 tkckyn'kZuksaifu"kn~ rFkk czãfcanq mifu"kn~ gSA gal mifu'kn~ : galksifu'kn~ esa _f'k xkSre nokjk czEgfo/kk lacaf/kr jgL;e;h Kku ds fo'k; esa iqNs tkus ij vkfnnso egknso f’ko }kjk ekW ikoZrh dks lquk;k x;k izlax] luRdqekj us lquk;k rFkk mins’k fn;k fd ;g vR;ar xq< jgL; vFkkZr czge fo|k fdlh vKkr ¼vukf/kdkjh½ dks ugh crkuk pkfg,A bl fo|k ds vf/kdkjh ik= dk o.kZu djrs gq, dgk gS fd xw:HkDr] lnSo gal&gal ¼lks·ge~& lks·ge½ dk /;ku djus okyk] czgepkjh] ftrsfUnz;] “kkar eu%fLFkr okyk ¼bfUnz;ksa½ lk/kd gh bl ijexksiuh; fo|k dks tkuus ds ;ksX; gksrk gSA galfo|k dk Kku ;ksfx;ksa ds fy, dks’k ds leku gSA bl mifu'kn~ esa gal dks ijekRek dgk gSA5 ;ksx ds izeq[k xzaFk egf'kZ iratyh }kjk jfpr ikraty ;ksx lw= esa Hkh ijekRek ds okpd 'kCn dks iz.ko dh 6 laKk ls foHkwf'kr fd;k x;k gSaA vFkkZr iz.ko] gal] ijekRek ,d gh vFkZ ds lwpd gSA vkse vFkkZr lks·ge dk fujarj ti izR;sd tho “olu ds ek/;e ls djrk gSA lks dh /ofu djrs gq, “okl dks Hkhrj fy;k tkrk gS vFkkZr iwjd fd;k tkrk gS rFkk gdkj dh /ofu ds lkFk “okl ckgj fudkyh tkrh gS] jspu fd;k tkrk gSA lksge dks yxkrkj djus ls og foijhr dze esa gal dk ti gksus yxrk gS bl vFkZ esa lksge o gal ,d gh gSA iz.ko dh loZO;kidrk dks mnkgj.k nsrs gq, le>k;k gS fd ftl izdkj fry esa rsy rFkk dk'B esa ydMh lnSo laO;kIr jgrh gSS mlh izdkj leLr 'kjhjksa esa fo|eku ;g tho fujarj gal&gal dk ti djrs jgrk gSA tks O;fDr bl izdkj dk Kku izkIr dj ysrk gS og tho e`R;q ls ijs gks tkrk gSA7
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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
103
Research Paper
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2020
gal dh vkB o`fRr;kW : bl tho Hkko ls ;qDr gal dh vkB o`fRr;kW gSA ;s vkB o`fRr;kW g`n; esa fLFkr vkB ia[kqfM;ksa okys dey dh fofHkUu fn’kkvksa esa fojktrh gSA izFke o`fRr iq.;efr iqoZ ny esa] f}rh; o`fRRk funzk vkyL; vkXus; ny esa] nf{k.k ny esa r`rh; o`fRr dzqjefr] uS_R; ny esa prqFkZ o`fRr ikicqn~f/k] if’pe ny esa iape dzhMko`fRr] ok;O; ny esa lIre o`fRRk xeu djus okyk cqf)] vkBoh o`fRr mRrj ny esa fLFkr vkRek ds izfr izhfr] bZ’kku ny esa nzO;nku dh o`fRr] e/;ny esa oSjkX; dh o`fRr fuokl djrh gSA rFkk vkB nyksa okys dey ds rarq esa tkxzrkoLFkk] df.kZdk esa LoIu voLFkk vkSj fyax esa lqlqIrkoLFkk gksrh gSA bu rhuksa voLFkkvksa vFkkZr~ ine dey dk ifjR;kx djus ij lk/kd dks rqfj;koLFkk dh izkfIr gksrh gSA ;g og voLFkk gS tc ukn iq.kZ:Ik ls gal esa foyhu gks tkrk gSA8 pdz Hksnu ls gal izkfIr : gal Kku izkfIr ds mik; ds :Ik esa o.kZu fd;k x;k gS fd xqnk dks [khapdj vk/kkj pdz ls ok;q dks mij mBk ys rri’pkr~ Lokkfn'Bku pdz dh rhu ifjdzek djds ef.kiqj pdz ij igqpsA blds ckn vukgr rFkk fo’kqfn~/k pdz esa izk.kksa dks dqN le; jksddj vkKk pdz ij /;ku dks ,dkxz djds czgeja/kz dk /;ku djs] eSa f=ek= vkRek gqW] bl izdkj /;ku djus ls ;ksxh Lo;a vukdkjor~ gks tkrk gS vFkkZr~ rqjh;koLFkk ¼iz.ko dh prqFkZ ek=k½ dks izkIr djrk gSA9 eqyk/kkj ls czgeja/kz rd tks ukn O;kIRk jgrk gS og “kqn/k LQfVd ef.k dh HkkWfr czge] loZ=O;kih ijekRek gh gSA vFkkZr~ bl vtik ea= dk izR;xkRek ¼_f'k½ gal gS] NUn xk;=h gS rFkk ijekRek ¼ijegal½ nsork gSA *ga* cht rFkk *l%* “kfDr gS] lks·ge dhyd gSA10 bl izdkj N% ds }kjk ,d laiq.kZ fnu vkSj jkr ¼vgksjk=½ vFkkZr~ 24 ?kaVs esa bDdhl gtkj “okl fy, tkrs gSA bu 21000 “okl ls rkRi;Z x.ks vkfn nsorkvksa ds ek/;e ls fnujk= fd, x, lks·ge ea= ds tki ls gSA11 gal vkSj vksadkj dh lkE;rk : gal ds nks ia[k vfXu rFkk lkse gSA tgkW vksadkj dks ml gal dk flj] fcaanq lfgr mdkj dks r`rh; us=] eq[k dks :nz ,oa nksuksa pj.k :nzk.kh gSaA d.B ls ukn djrs gq, lxq.k& fuxqZ.k Hksn ls gal :ih ijekrek dk /;ku djuk pkfg,A bl izdkj ls /;ku djus ij lk/kd dks vtiksilagkj dh fLFkr izkIr gksrh gS] vtiksilagkj vFkkZr tc ukn }kjk /;ku djus ij lk/kd mUeuh voLFkk esa igqWp tkrk gSA ;g og fLFkfr gS ftlesa lk/kd ds leLr Hkko gal ds v/khu gks tkrs gS] lk/kd eu esa fLFkr jgrs gq, Hkh gal dk fparu djrs yxrk gSA gal ea= dk Qy : lks·ge~ ea= ds nl dksfV ti dj ysus ij lk/kd dks ukn dk vuqHko gksus yxrk gS] ;g vuqHkfor ukn nl izdkj dk gksrk gSSA tks dze’k% fp.kh] fpf´fp.kh] ?k.Vukn] 'ka[kukn] ra=h] rkyukn] os.kqukn] e`naxukkn] Hksjhukn] rFkk es?kukn gSA vH;kl dky esa izkjaHk ds ukS uknksa dk ifjR;kx djds nlos ukn dk vH;kl djuk pkfg,A galksifu'kn~ esa bu uknksa ds izHkko }kjk 'kjhj ij gksus okyh fofHkUUk izdkj dk vuqHkqfr;ksa dk Hkh o.kZu foLrkj iqoZd fd;k x;k gSA izFke ikn ds izHkko ls 'kjhj esa fpufpuh gks tkrh gS vFkkZr 'kjhj fpufpukrk gS] f}rh; ikn ds izHkko ls vaxksa esa vdMu vFkZkr xk= Hkatu gSA r`rh; ukn ds izHkko ls “kjhj esa ilhuk vkuk] prqFkZ ukn ds izHkko ls flj esa daiu] iaPke ukn ls rkyq ls lzko mRiUUk gksus yxrk gSA 'k'Be ukn ls ve`r o'kkZ rFkk lkros ikn ds izHkko ls xw< Kku foKku dh izkfIr gks tkrh gSA v'Ve ukn ds izHkko ls ijkok.kh dh izkfIr ,oa uoe ukn ls “kjhj dks vn`”; djus ¼vUr/kkZu½ dh lkeF;Z rFkk fnO; n`f'V dh fo/kk izkIr gksrh gSA var esa nlos ukn ls ijczge dk Kku izkIr djds lk/kd czge lk{kkRdkj dj ysrk gSA12 czge lk{kkRdkj vFkkZr~ ml ijekRek esa foyhu gks tkus ds Qy ds fo'k; esa mYys[k gS fd bl fLFkfr esa ladYi fodYi eu esa foyhu gks tkrs gS] iki&iq.; nX/k gks 104
tkrs gSA ifjppkZ : bl izdkj galfo|k dk vf/kdkjh ik= dk o.kZu] gal Kku ds mik;] gal dh vkB o`fRr;kW] g`n; esa mudh fLFkr dh O;k[;k ds Ik’pkr~ vfgZfu’k “olu ds ek/;e ls 21000 dh la[;k esa lks·ge~ dk ti dh foospuk bl mifu'kn esa dh xbZ gSA vkse ,dk{kj ea= gS] ftls fofHkUu osnksa dh lafgrkvksa] czkge.k] vkj.;d] mifu'knksa rFkk lkfgR;ksa esa foLrkj ls le>k;k x;k gSaA vkse czgk.M dk izFke v{kj gS] vkse gh txr dh laiw.kZ /ofu;ksW dk mRifRr lzksr gS] loZO;kid gSA vksaedkj dks gal dk eq[k rFkk ek=kvksa dks us= dh laKk nsus ds ckn lks·ge ti ls gksus okyh vk/;kfRed vuqHkqqfr;ksa dk foLr`r o.kZu feyrk gS ,oa gal fo|k ds ykHkksa dh ppkZ ds lkFk bl egku ;ksxksifu'kn~ dk lekiu gksrk gSA milagkj : vkse dks dqN LFkkuksa ij ,dk{kj rks dgha nks ekf=d dgha f=ekf=d rks dgha pkj ekf=d ds :Ik esa o.kZu feyrk gSA dqN LFkkuksa ij vkse dks izrhdkRed :Ik esa O;Dr fd;k x;k gSSA dgha HkkSfrd fpUgksa tSls& dky] yksd] vkfnR; vkfn ls rks dgha lkfgfR;d :Ik esa tSls osn] O;kgfr;kW] NUn] mnxhFk o lke ls lekurk dks n’kkZ;k gSA blh izdkj dqN LFkkuksa ij vkRek] czge] l`f'V] f=xq.k] f=o.kZ] f=nso ds lkFk n’kkZ;k gSA bu lHkh rF;ksa ls vkse :ih gal dh egRrk vkSj loZO;kidrk lqLi'V gks tkrh gSSA vkse dh fofHkUu mifu'knksa esa /kuq'k] vj.kh] czEg] ukn vkfn dh HkkWfr galksifu'kn~ esa gal ls lkE;rk dk izn’kZu fd;k gSA rFkk czEg izkfIr dk lk/kuHkwr dkj.k gal dks dgdj bldk mik;Hkwr dkjd pdzksa dk tkxj.k dgk x;k gSA lks·ge ea= ds dksfV ti dk Qy 10 izdkj ds ukn dk Jo.k gSA varr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ijeczge ds lk{kkRdkj dk lqxe lk/ku tho ds }kjk izfriy fd;k tkus okyk lks·ge vFkkZr iz.ko ti gSA lanHkZ xzaFk lwph : I.
vkpk;Z] ia- Jhjke “kekZ] 108 mifu’kn~ ¼ljy fganh HkkokFkZ lfgr½ czgefo|k[kaM ] ;qx fuekZ.k ;kstuk foLrkj VªLV] xk;=h riksHkqfe] eFkqjk ¼miz-½ 2015
II.
'kkL=h] vkpk;Z ds’ko oh-] mifu’kn~ lap;ue~ Hkkx&,d] eksrhyky cukjlh izdk”ku] ubZ fnYyh~
III.
fo|kyadkjk lqHkk’k] ;ksx mifu’kn%] 20 ;ksx mifu’knksa dk ewy fo|kyad`rk fgUnh O;k[;k ,oa “yksdkuqdzef.kdk lfgr] izfrHkk izdk’ku] “kfDruxj] fnYyh] 2018]
IV.
jk.kk] Hkok.k flag] 108 mifu’kn~] Mk;eaM ikWdsV cqDl izk- fy- ubZ fnYyh] 1999
V.
i.k’khdj] oklqnso y{e.k] bZ’kk’VksRrj”krksifu’kn~] pkS[kEHkk fo|kkHkou okjk.klh] 1995
VI.
'kkL=h] ia- , egknso] n ;ksx mifu’kn~] Jh mifu’kn~ czEg;ksxh] vM;kj iqLrdky;] 1980
VII. vM;kj] Vh ,l Jhfuokl] n ;ksx mifu’kn] vM;kj iqLrdky;] 1938 VIII. Ikjekuan Lokeh] n mifu’kn~] n osnkark lsUVj cqLVu ;q ,l ,] f}rh;
laLdj.k Notes: I.
mifu’kn~ vad 5
II.
,e- foUVjfuRl] izkphu Hkkjrh; lkfgR;] izFke [k.M] vuqfnr fnYyh] i` 160 Okjnkpk;Z ] laLd`r lkfgR; dk bfrgkl i`- 42
III.
,rnkyacua Js’Be~ ,rnkyEcua ije~AA dBksifu’kn~ 1@2@17
IV.
eqfDrdksifu’kn~ 1@30
V.
vFk galijegalfu.kZ;a O;k[;kL;ke% czgepkfj.ks “kkUrk; nkUrk; xqjHkDrk;A galgalsfr lnk /;k;u~ gal mifu’kn~AA4AA International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
Research Paper rL; okpd% iz.ko%AA ik-;ks- lw- 1@27AA
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 6 | Issue : 9 | Sep 2020
VI.
VII.
gal mifu’kn lw=~ la-& 5
VIII. gal mifu’kn~ lw=~ la- 8 IX.
gal mifu’kn~ lw=~ la- 6
X.
losZ’kq nsgs’kq O;kIrks orZrsA ;Fkk g~;fXu% dk’Bs’kq frys’kq rSyfeoA ra fofnRok e`R;qeR;sfrbvFk gal _f’k A vO;Dr xk;=h NUn%A ijegalks nsorkA gfefr chte~A l bfr “kfDr%A lks·gfefr dhydeA gal mifu’kn~ 10
XI.
ikB~la[;;k vgksjk=;ksjsdfoa’kfrlgL=kf.k’kV~’krkU;f/kdkfuHkofURkA lw=~ la&11AA
XII. gal mifu’kn~] lw=~ la- 18&20
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